title
Web Programming with Flask - Intro to Computer Science - Harvard's CS50 (2018)

description
Learn how to program for the web using Python, Flask, JavaScript, & jQuery. This course teaches the foundations of computer science. This video is lecture 7 of Harvard University's CS50 2018 course (part 8 since the lectures start at 0). Check out our full CS50 playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWKjhJtqVAbmGw5fN5BQlwuug-8bDmabi 🔗CS50 IDE (must have free edX account): https://cs50.io/ 🔗Notes: https://cs50.harvard.edu/x/2020/notes/7/ 🔗Problem Set: https://cs50.harvard.edu/x/2020/psets/7/ 🔗Source Code: https://cdn.cs50.net/2019/fall/lectures/7/src7.zip ⭐️Contents⭐️ ⌨️ (0:00:00) Introduction ⌨️ (00:00:49) Week 6 Recap ⌨️ (00:03:57) MVC ⌨️ (00:05:31) froshims ⌨️ (00:07:04) serve.py ⌨️ (00:12:30) application.py ⌨️ (00:21:11) froshims0 ⌨️ (00:47:00) froshims1 ⌨️ (00:54:47) froshims2 ⌨️ (01:01:36) froshims3 ⌨️ (01:09:50) froshims6 ⌨️ (01:13:51) Bootstrap ⌨️ (01:15:22) Form Submission ⌨️ (01:21:19) words0 ⌨️ (01:35:01) jQuery ⌨️ (01:39:29) words1 ⌨️ (01:41:56) words2 ⌨️ (01:43:24) words3 Lecture taught by David J. Malan. Thanks to Harvard's CS50 for giving us permission to post this lecture. Checkout their YouTube channel for more great lectures: https://www.youtube.com/cs50 -- Learn to code for free and get a developer job: https://www.freecodecamp.org Read hundreds of articles on programming: https://medium.freecodecamp.org

detail
{'title': "Web Programming with Flask - Intro to Computer Science - Harvard's CS50 (2018)", 'heatmap': [{'end': 606.399, 'start': 536.268, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': 'Tutorial series covers python and web programming, including flask framework, mvc architecture, html generation, reducing code to 7 lines, debugging flask errors, form handling, data persistence using csv files, javascript for form validation, and web development fundamentals integrating multiple languages and trade-offs between server-side and client-side code execution.', 'chapters': [{'end': 385.357, 'segs': [{'end': 89.162, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.549, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 50.587, 'text': 'Music playing DAVID J.', 'start': 0.549, 'duration': 50.038}, {'end': 58.074, 'text': 'All right, this is CS50, and this is lecture 7,, wherein we pick up where we left off last time in talking more about Python,', 'start': 50.587, 'duration': 7.487}, {'end': 62.298, 'text': 'but this time using Python for even more powerful purposes.', 'start': 58.074, 'duration': 4.224}, {'end': 64.881, 'text': "an alliteration I didn't intend until I just said it there.", 'start': 62.298, 'duration': 2.583}, {'end': 71.446, 'text': 'But the goal here with Python now is to actually use this language to generate another language, in particular HTML.', 'start': 65.001, 'duration': 6.445}, {'end': 77.171, 'text': "And what we'll do is start to provide all the more of a mental model for what you would call separation of concerns,", 'start': 71.546, 'duration': 5.625}, {'end': 82.796, 'text': 'whereby when you design more complicated web-based, or rather when you design more complicated software,', 'start': 77.171, 'duration': 5.625}, {'end': 89.162, 'text': "you tend to try to adopt certain design patterns so that you're not just writing everything in one big file that gets a little confusing,", 'start': 82.796, 'duration': 6.366}], 'summary': 'Cs50 lecture 7 focuses on using python to generate html for separation of concerns in web-based software design.', 'duration': 88.613, 'max_score': 0.549, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI549.jpg'}, {'end': 152.274, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 123.978, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 127.881, 'text': 'And this is requesting, of course, the default page of a website, as implied by the slash.', 'start': 123.978, 'duration': 3.903}, {'end': 133.225, 'text': 'And in many cases, but not always, this implies a default file name of index.html.', 'start': 128.14, 'duration': 5.085}, {'end': 136.287, 'text': "But that's a human convention, not a requirement.", 'start': 133.245, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 140.951, 'text': 'Hopefully the server responds with a numeric code equal to what integer?', 'start': 136.628, 'duration': 4.323}, {'end': 146.99, 'text': '200, hopefully a number that we never actually really see,', 'start': 143.687, 'duration': 3.303}, {'end': 152.274, 'text': "unless you get more comfortable and start poking around Chrome's inspector and you look at your network traffic right?", 'start': 146.99, 'duration': 5.284}], 'summary': 'Requesting default page implies index.html, server response 200', 'duration': 28.296, 'max_score': 123.978, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI123978.jpg'}, {'end': 249.729, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 217.538, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 219.658, 'text': 'they have some dynamic features as well.', 'start': 217.538, 'duration': 2.12}, {'end': 226.58, 'text': 'Flask is a framework for Python that just gives you some library code that you can use freely in your own applications.', 'start': 219.658, 'duration': 6.922}, {'end': 232.162, 'text': 'And it just makes it ultimately a little easier to get your work done and build the thing you want to build,', 'start': 226.96, 'duration': 5.202}, {'end': 237.223, 'text': 'as opposed to having to reinvent the wheel again and again, like people before you.', 'start': 232.162, 'duration': 5.061}, {'end': 243.246, 'text': 'And so here is a methodology to which I alluded earlier, just to have a mental model for the coming weeks.', 'start': 237.583, 'duration': 5.663}, {'end': 249.729, 'text': "So up until now pretty much every program we've written in C and most recently in Python.", 'start': 243.526, 'duration': 6.203}], 'summary': 'Flask is a python framework that makes building applications easier and avoids reinventing the wheel.', 'duration': 32.191, 'max_score': 217.538, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI217538.jpg'}, {'end': 339.547, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 312.074, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 319.518, 'text': "And we'll introduce an M here, because the acronym that's in vogue for quite some time now is MVC, though there are alternatives to this mental model.", 'start': 312.074, 'duration': 7.444}, {'end': 324.001, 'text': 'And that just means there are three different types of things you should be thinking about when building an application.', 'start': 319.778, 'duration': 4.223}, {'end': 326.962, 'text': "But today, we're going to focus on these two, controller and view.", 'start': 324.381, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 331.725, 'text': "And up until now, we've pretty much been doing entirely controller stuff when writing code.", 'start': 327.222, 'duration': 4.503}, {'end': 339.547, 'text': 'So the motivation ultimately will be to get to the point of building essentially this the freshman intramural sports website,', 'start': 332.205, 'duration': 7.342}], 'summary': 'Introducing mvc model for building applications, focusing on controller and view. goal: building a freshman intramural sports website.', 'duration': 27.473, 'max_score': 312.074, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI312074.jpg'}], 'start': 0.549, 'title': 'Python and web programming', 'summary': 'Covers using python to generate html and introduces web programming concepts such as http, html, flask framework, and mvc architecture.', 'chapters': [{'end': 105.319, 'start': 0.549, 'title': 'Using python to generate html', 'summary': 'Delves into using python to generate html, emphasizing the importance of separation of concerns in software design and introducing industry standard approaches.', 'duration': 104.77, 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the importance of separation of concerns in software design, advocating for the adoption of industry standard approaches to avoid maintaining one big confusing file (rather than separating functionality and features into different files and methodologies).', 'The goal is to use Python to generate HTML, demonstrating more powerful applications of Python for this purpose.']}, {'end': 385.357, 'start': 105.339, 'title': 'Web programming and frameworks', 'summary': 'Introduces the concepts of http, html, frameworks like flask, and the mvc architecture, emphasizing the importance of separating logic and aesthetics in web programming.', 'duration': 280.018, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the HTTP protocol and its role in web requests, including the default file name of index.html and the expected server response code of 200 for a successful request. HTTP is used for web requests, with the default file name often being index.html, and a successful response from the server is indicated by a code of 200.', 'The introduction of Flask, a micro framework for Python, is discussed, highlighting how it simplifies web application development by providing reusable library code. Flask is presented as a micro framework for Python, streamlining web application development by offering reusable library code to avoid redundancy.', 'The concept of MVC architecture is introduced, emphasizing the separation of logic (controller) and aesthetics (view) in web programming, setting the stage for further exploration of databases and SQL. MVC architecture is introduced, emphasizing the separation of logic (controller) and aesthetics (view) in web programming, providing a foundation for future discussions on databases and SQL.']}], 'duration': 384.808, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI549.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the importance of separation of concerns in software design, advocating for the adoption of industry standard approaches to avoid maintaining one big confusing file.', 'The goal is to use Python to generate HTML, demonstrating more powerful applications of Python for this purpose.', 'The introduction of Flask, a micro framework for Python, is discussed, highlighting how it simplifies web application development by providing reusable library code.', 'MVC architecture is introduced, emphasizing the separation of logic (controller) and aesthetics (view) in web programming, setting the stage for further exploration of databases and SQL.', 'The chapter explains the HTTP protocol and its role in web requests, including the default file name of index.html and the expected server response code of 200 for a successful request.']}, {'end': 1445.284, 'segs': [{'end': 606.399, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 536.268, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 542.052, 'text': "So I'm going to use a function called wfile write in order to write out the following.", 'start': 536.268, 'duration': 5.784}, {'end': 549.077, 'text': 'Let me go ahead and write out doc type, whoops, exclamation point, doc type, HTML.', 'start': 542.132, 'duration': 6.945}, {'end': 553.879, 'text': 'Then let me go ahead and do the same thing, wfile.write.', 'start': 549.837, 'duration': 4.042}, {'end': 558.221, 'text': 'Let me go ahead and copy paste this moving forward, which, of course, is always a bad instinct.', 'start': 554.54, 'duration': 3.681}, {'end': 563.864, 'text': 'Then let me go ahead and output HTML lang equals en for English.', 'start': 558.502, 'duration': 5.362}, {'end': 568.266, 'text': "And notice I'm using single quotes inside my double quotes so that Python doesn't get confused.", 'start': 564.104, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 572.669, 'text': 'Then let me go ahead and output, all right, head tag here.', 'start': 568.607, 'duration': 4.062}, {'end': 578.105, 'text': 'Then what comes after the head tag typically? Yeah, so usually title lately.', 'start': 573.149, 'duration': 4.956}, {'end': 579.767, 'text': 'So title will be like, hello.', 'start': 578.185, 'duration': 1.582}, {'end': 582.171, 'text': 'Whoops Hello, title.', 'start': 580.047, 'duration': 2.124}, {'end': 583.713, 'text': 'Close the title tag.', 'start': 582.391, 'duration': 1.322}, {'end': 591.71, 'text': "And now we're going to go ahead and what comes after title? Close head, I think, if I'm doing this right.", 'start': 584.134, 'duration': 7.576}, {'end': 594.772, 'text': 'And then after this, we probably have body.', 'start': 591.77, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 598.354, 'text': 'And then, oh my god, this is the worst way to build a website.', 'start': 594.792, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 601.797, 'text': "But let's go ahead and now say something simple like hello world.", 'start': 598.435, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 606.399, 'text': "And now let's go in here and say something like body.", 'start': 602.317, 'duration': 4.082}], 'summary': "Using wfile write to output html with python, including 'hello' title and 'hello world' in the body.", 'duration': 70.131, 'max_score': 536.268, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI536268.jpg'}, {'end': 773.4, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 745.175, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 750.439, 'text': "But let's instead do this now with Flask, this framework that seems to make our lives easier.", 'start': 745.175, 'duration': 5.264}, {'end': 755.803, 'text': "I'm going to go ahead and make a program called application.py, which is just a convention.", 'start': 750.479, 'duration': 5.324}, {'end': 757.104, 'text': 'I could call it anything I want.', 'start': 755.843, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 759.046, 'text': "And I'm going to go ahead and say the following.", 'start': 757.404, 'duration': 1.642}, {'end': 761.968, 'text': "Let's first go ahead and import this framework called Flask.", 'start': 759.326, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 766.372, 'text': 'and specifically import capitalized Flask, which is the name of the framework itself.', 'start': 762.328, 'duration': 4.044}, {'end': 773.4, 'text': 'And then let me preemptively import a couple of functions called renderTemplate and then this special global variable called request.', 'start': 766.713, 'duration': 6.687}], 'summary': 'Using flask framework to create application.py with imported functions and global variable.', 'duration': 28.225, 'max_score': 745.175, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI745175.jpg'}, {'end': 866.643, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 842.533, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 849.054, 'text': "And to run this server, what I'm going to do now in my hello directory, which is where an online copy of this is on the course's website.", 'start': 842.533, 'duration': 6.521}, {'end': 851.255, 'text': "I'm going to go ahead and quite simply say flask run.", 'start': 849.054, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 856.476, 'text': 'So flask is not only a framework or code that you have access to as free and open source code,', 'start': 851.535, 'duration': 4.941}, {'end': 858.978, 'text': "But it's also a program you can run at the command line.", 'start': 856.716, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 862.4, 'text': 'that also figures out how to turn the server on and just run it forever.', 'start': 858.978, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 866.643, 'text': "You're going to see some diagnostic output at first glance, most of which you don't have to care about.", 'start': 862.64, 'duration': 4.003}], 'summary': "Using flask, run the server with 'flask run' command in the hello directory.", 'duration': 24.11, 'max_score': 842.533, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI842533.jpg'}, {'end': 936.408, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 891.336, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 897.32, 'text': "And if I view the source of this page, I'm literally only going to see hello world and no actual HTML,", 'start': 891.336, 'duration': 5.984}, {'end': 900.603, 'text': "because I literally didn't type out any HTML in my file.", 'start': 897.32, 'duration': 3.283}, {'end': 904.306, 'text': 'But it turns out that Flasks makes this easy as well.', 'start': 900.923, 'duration': 3.383}, {'end': 906.588, 'text': 'So let me go ahead and stop the server here for just a moment.', 'start': 904.406, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 907.789, 'text': 'Control C is your friend.', 'start': 906.628, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 909.891, 'text': 'It gets you out of whatever program is actually running.', 'start': 907.809, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 911.653, 'text': 'And let me go ahead and do this.', 'start': 910.411, 'duration': 1.242}, {'end': 916.156, 'text': 'Let me go ahead and not just return quote unquote hello world as a hard-coded value.', 'start': 912.053, 'duration': 4.103}, {'end': 921.181, 'text': 'Let me go ahead and return the rendering of a template called index.html.', 'start': 916.517, 'duration': 4.664}, {'end': 924.923, 'text': 'And so this is a feature of Flask 2.', 'start': 922.782, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 930.665, 'text': 'If you want to separate your logic, your controller, from your HTML, your view,', 'start': 924.923, 'duration': 5.742}, {'end': 936.408, 'text': 'you literally put the former in application.py and you put the latter in an HTML file like this', 'start': 930.665, 'duration': 5.743}], 'summary': 'Flask makes it easy to separate logic and html in application.py, returning the rendering of a template called index.html.', 'duration': 45.072, 'max_score': 891.336, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI891336.jpg'}, {'end': 1030.15, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1001.496, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1003.016, 'text': 'Let me go into application.py.', 'start': 1001.496, 'duration': 1.52}, {'end': 1007.399, 'text': 'And before I actually render this HTML file, let me go ahead and do this.', 'start': 1003.337, 'duration': 4.062}, {'end': 1010.24, 'text': 'Let me go ahead and declare a variable called name.', 'start': 1007.879, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 1015.922, 'text': 'And let me go ahead and check the incoming request, the inside of that virtual envelope.', 'start': 1010.9, 'duration': 5.022}, {'end': 1024.805, 'text': 'Let me check its arguments or any of the HTTP parameters that were passed in and try to get something called name like this.', 'start': 1016.582, 'duration': 8.223}, {'end': 1026.327, 'text': 'Let me go ahead and save that.', 'start': 1025.205, 'duration': 1.122}, {'end': 1027.808, 'text': 'And then notice this.', 'start': 1026.787, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 1030.15, 'text': 'RenderTemplate takes multiple arguments.', 'start': 1028.028, 'duration': 2.122}], 'summary': "In application.py, a variable name is declared and an incoming request is checked for the parameter 'name'.", 'duration': 28.654, 'max_score': 1001.496, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI1001496.jpg'}, {'end': 1307.305, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1281.326, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1286.19, 'text': "So already, things are going to escalate quickly, whereby we're going to suddenly introduce multiple templates.", 'start': 1281.326, 'duration': 4.864}, {'end': 1288.391, 'text': "But we'll do this in order to solve a problem.", 'start': 1286.23, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 1294.335, 'text': 'But first let me go ahead and open up application.py, which, just like your main function in C,', 'start': 1288.651, 'duration': 5.684}, {'end': 1297.037, 'text': 'is kind of the entry point now to a web-based application.', 'start': 1294.335, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 1300.52, 'text': "So notice that let's start like this.", 'start': 1297.517, 'duration': 3.003}, {'end': 1303.502, 'text': 'Let me go ahead and delete that and start from the beginning here.', 'start': 1300.56, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 1307.305, 'text': "Let's go ahead and do this.", 'start': 1304.162, 'duration': 3.143}], 'summary': 'Introducing multiple templates to solve a problem, modifying application.py for a web-based application.', 'duration': 25.979, 'max_score': 1281.326, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI1281326.jpg'}], 'start': 385.377, 'title': 'Building web apps with python & flask', 'summary': 'Covers building a web application with python, transitioning to flask, reducing code to 7 lines, rendering html, dynamically generating content, and enabling student registration.', 'chapters': [{'end': 806.022, 'start': 385.377, 'title': 'Building a web application with python', 'summary': 'Covers the process of building a web application using python, starting with manually creating a web server, then transitioning to using the flask framework to simplify the process and make it more dynamic and efficient.', 'duration': 420.645, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the process of building a web application using Python It explains the steps involved in manually creating a web server using Python and then transitioning to using the Flask framework.', 'Flask framework simplifies the process and makes it more dynamic and efficient It mentions that the Flask framework automates tasks like specifying IP addresses, port numbers, and responding to GET requests, simplifying the process of creating web applications.', 'Manually creating a web server using Python It describes the tedious process of manually implementing a web application using Python, involving sending response codes, headers, and dynamically generating HTML.']}, {'end': 955.46, 'start': 806.022, 'title': 'Using flask to create a web application', 'summary': "Demonstrates using flask to create a web application, reducing code to just seven lines, running the server with 'flask run,' and rendering an html template to display 'hello world.'", 'duration': 149.438, 'highlights': ['Flask reduces code to just seven lines for creating a web application. The speaker demonstrates using Flask to reduce the code to just seven lines for creating a web application, simplifying the process.', "Running the server with 'flask run' simplifies the process of starting the server. The process of running the server is simplified with the command 'flask run,' making it easier to start the server.", "Rendering an HTML template to display 'Hello World' separates logic and presentation in Flask. The use of Flask allows for the separation of logic and presentation by rendering an HTML template to display 'Hello World,' simplifying the development process."]}, {'end': 1445.284, 'start': 955.84, 'title': 'Dynamically generating html content', 'summary': 'Explores dynamically generating html content using flask, demonstrating how to pass data dynamically and handle user input, allowing for the creation of web pages based on user input, and progressing to building a dynamic web application that enables student registration.', 'duration': 489.444, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates passing data dynamically in Flask by declaring a variable called name and checking the incoming request to get the name parameter, showcasing the ability to render HTML templates with dynamic data and handle HTTP parameters.', 'It explains how to handle user input by using named parameters in Python and shows how to dynamically generate HTML content based on user input, such as simulating a get request, allowing for the creation of web pages with dynamically added names.', "The chapter progresses to building a more dynamic web application, introducing multiple templates and a default route, and guiding the creation of a web page for student registration, including input fields for the student's name and dorm selection via a dropdown list."]}], 'duration': 1059.907, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI385377.jpg', 'highlights': ['Flask reduces code to just seven lines for creating a web application.', 'The chapter progresses to building a more dynamic web application, introducing multiple templates and a default route.', "Rendering an HTML template to display 'Hello World' separates logic and presentation in Flask.", 'The chapter demonstrates passing data dynamically in Flask by declaring a variable called name and checking the incoming request to get the name parameter.', 'The chapter covers the process of building a web application using Python and transitioning to using the Flask framework.', "Running the server with 'flask run' simplifies the process of starting the server.", 'It explains how to handle user input by using named parameters in Python and shows how to dynamically generate HTML content based on user input.']}, {'end': 2076.146, 'segs': [{'end': 1475.168, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1445.445, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1451.411, 'text': "And then notice too, if you've never used a select menu which you wouldn't have really had occasion to get, unless you've done this before.", 'start': 1445.445, 'duration': 5.966}, {'end': 1455.776, 'text': 'these options also have to have values which, for my purposes, are going to be exactly the same.', 'start': 1451.411, 'duration': 4.365}, {'end': 1466.243, 'text': "But whereas what's between the tags is what the human sees, it's what's between these quotes as the value of value that the computer actually sees.", 'start': 1456.317, 'duration': 9.926}, {'end': 1469.044, 'text': 'So these are the words that populate the dropdown menu.', 'start': 1466.543, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 1475.168, 'text': 'These are the values that actually get stuffed into the virtual envelope that the student, him or herself, actually see.', 'start': 1469.304, 'duration': 5.864}], 'summary': "Select menu options have same values and what's visible, computer sees differently.", 'duration': 29.723, 'max_score': 1445.445, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI1445445.jpg'}, {'end': 1561.852, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1524.84, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1529.921, 'text': 'Well, all of the clues are going to be found here, inside of the console window.', 'start': 1524.84, 'duration': 5.081}, {'end': 1533.821, 'text': "So when you're running Flask, you are running a full-fledged web server.", 'start': 1530.061, 'duration': 3.76}, {'end': 1539.662, 'text': 'You are listening via TCP IP for incoming requests from users.', 'start': 1533.941, 'duration': 5.721}, {'end': 1543.523, 'text': "And so what you'll see in the console is not just the diagnostic output when you first start Scratch.", 'start': 1539.782, 'duration': 3.741}, {'end': 1548.465, 'text': "start Flask, but you're going to see all of the error messages that might actually happen thereafter.", 'start': 1543.943, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 1550.186, 'text': 'And this is a little cryptic looking.', 'start': 1548.725, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 1552.847, 'text': "Frankly, it's overwhelming to see this text at first glance.", 'start': 1550.226, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 1558.21, 'text': 'But whereas in Clang and in C it generally helps to look at the very top,', 'start': 1553.148, 'duration': 5.062}, {'end': 1561.852, 'text': 'sometimes the error messages here in this context of Flask are kind of toward the bottom.', 'start': 1558.21, 'duration': 3.642}], 'summary': 'Running flask means operating a web server and troubleshooting errors in console window.', 'duration': 37.012, 'max_score': 1524.84, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI1524840.jpg'}, {'end': 1650.336, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1622.24, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1624.942, 'text': "You don't have to just stare at the browser, which is not going to have much information.", 'start': 1622.24, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 1631.347, 'text': 'But if you look at the console, the terminal window that you have control over, will you see those Clang-like error messages?', 'start': 1625.202, 'duration': 6.145}, {'end': 1633.268, 'text': 'So here we have a basic HTML form.', 'start': 1631.627, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 1636.009, 'text': "It's not complete, because I didn't bother typing out all of the dorm names.", 'start': 1633.288, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 1639.491, 'text': 'But I do have an input of type text, as well as the Select menu.', 'start': 1636.249, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 1641.532, 'text': "And I'm also kind of missing a key detail, it seems.", 'start': 1639.531, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 1646.654, 'text': "What should I probably add to this form? Yeah, well, I'm selecting.", 'start': 1642.292, 'duration': 4.362}, {'end': 1647.755, 'text': 'I could be selecting dorm.', 'start': 1646.694, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 1649.295, 'text': 'So I could clean this up in a couple of ways.', 'start': 1647.775, 'duration': 1.52}, {'end': 1650.336, 'text': 'I also am missing.', 'start': 1649.395, 'duration': 0.941}], 'summary': 'The transcript discusses improving an incomplete html form, including adding a dorm selection and cleaning up the code.', 'duration': 28.096, 'max_score': 1622.24, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI1622240.jpg'}, {'end': 1806.661, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1776.903, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1783.287, 'text': "I haven't actually specified where this form should go, when I actually register, because I'm missing some key details on the form tag.", 'start': 1776.903, 'duration': 6.384}, {'end': 1785.229, 'text': "And we haven't done this in a couple of weeks.", 'start': 1783.468, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 1793.234, 'text': 'but when we were playfully re-implementing Google, what else did we add to the form tag? What attributes??', 'start': 1785.229, 'duration': 8.005}, {'end': 1799.719, 'text': 'Anyone remember? Yeah,', 'start': 1796.917, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 1802.441, 'text': 'Oh, say again? Action.', 'start': 1800.679, 'duration': 1.762}, {'end': 1804.162, 'text': 'Action, which means what?', 'start': 1802.741, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 1806.661, 'text': 'What to do?', 'start': 1806.141, 'duration': 0.52}], 'summary': 'Discussion about missing form details and attributes like action.', 'duration': 29.758, 'max_score': 1776.903, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI1776903.jpg'}, {'end': 1952.972, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1923.281, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 1924.902, 'text': "You'd only know that from the documentation.", 'start': 1923.281, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 1926.803, 'text': "Now I'm going to go ahead and define a function.", 'start': 1925.242, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 1929.023, 'text': 'This is slightly an annoying feature of Flask.', 'start': 1927.063, 'duration': 1.96}, {'end': 1932.825, 'text': "You have to give the function a name, even though you'll probably never reference it anywhere.", 'start': 1929.064, 'duration': 3.761}, {'end': 1935.466, 'text': "So I'm going to go ahead and just reasonably call this register.", 'start': 1933.085, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 1937.507, 'text': 'And now I have a to do.', 'start': 1936.026, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 1945.417, 'text': 'What am I going to want to do when the user clicks that Submit button? I want to store it somewhere.', 'start': 1938.027, 'duration': 7.39}, {'end': 1946.86, 'text': 'So I probably want to store it.', 'start': 1945.578, 'duration': 1.282}, {'end': 1952.972, 'text': "But what might I want to do first before he or she is actually allowed to register, even though they've clicked that submit form?", 'start': 1947.081, 'duration': 5.891}], 'summary': "Defining a function 'register' in flask to store user information.", 'duration': 29.691, 'max_score': 1923.281, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI1923281.jpg'}], 'start': 1445.445, 'title': 'Creating select menu and debugging flask errors', 'summary': 'Covers creating a select menu and assigning values, and debugging flask errors while handling html form elements, preparing the reader to code effectively with practical examples and error handling techniques.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1485.46, 'start': 1445.445, 'title': 'Creating select menu and assigning values', 'summary': 'Explains the process of creating a select menu and assigning values, highlighting the importance of matching options and values, and the distinction between what is displayed and what is stored, preparing the reader to code effectively.', 'duration': 40.015, 'highlights': ['The process of creating a select menu and assigning values is explained, emphasizing the need for options to have matching values for effective functionality.', 'The distinction between the visible words in the dropdown menu and the values stored for computer processing is highlighted, clarifying the role of each in the user interface.', 'The importance of properly coding select menus and values is demonstrated, ensuring that the user interface and underlying functionality are aligned for effective use.']}, {'end': 2076.146, 'start': 1485.56, 'title': 'Debugging flask errors and form handling', 'summary': 'Covers debugging a flask application, identifying and fixing an internal server error, creating and handling html form elements, and implementing form submission with error checking and feedback.', 'duration': 590.586, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers debugging a Flask application, identifying and fixing an internal server error, and understanding the diagnostic output in the console window.', "Creating and organizing directories and files, and moving files within a directory using commands like 'make dir' and 'mv'.", 'Understanding the significance of error messages in the console window and the importance of checking the console for diagnostic output in Flask applications.', 'Implementing HTML form elements such as input fields and select menus, and adding a Submit button to the form.', "Understanding the use of 'action' and 'method' attributes in the form tag for specifying the submission route and method (GET or POST), and the implications of using POST for privacy and data handling.", 'Implementing a new route in Flask, defining a function to handle form submission, and performing error checking to ensure mandatory form fields are filled before proceeding with registration.']}], 'duration': 630.701, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI1445445.jpg', 'highlights': ['The process of creating a select menu and assigning values is explained, emphasizing the need for options to have matching values for effective functionality.', 'The distinction between the visible words in the dropdown menu and the values stored for computer processing is highlighted, clarifying the role of each in the user interface.', 'The importance of properly coding select menus and values is demonstrated, ensuring that the user interface and underlying functionality are aligned for effective use.', 'The chapter covers debugging a Flask application, identifying and fixing an internal server error, and understanding the diagnostic output in the console window.', 'Understanding the significance of error messages in the console window and the importance of checking the console for diagnostic output in Flask applications.', 'Implementing HTML form elements such as input fields and select menus, and adding a Submit button to the form.', "Understanding the use of 'action' and 'method' attributes in the form tag for specifying the submission route and method (GET or POST), and the implications of using POST for privacy and data handling.", 'Implementing a new route in Flask, defining a function to handle form submission, and performing error checking to ensure mandatory form fields are filled before proceeding with registration.']}, {'end': 2695.316, 'segs': [{'end': 2146.469, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2119.807, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2125.811, 'text': "And what did I do wrong this time? So it turns out you can't do it this way, obviously.", 'start': 2119.807, 'duration': 6.004}, {'end': 2137.42, 'text': "So when you're actually submitting information to a form via a form, via a get, Flask very cleverly puts that information in a different place.", 'start': 2126.352, 'duration': 11.068}, {'end': 2140.142, 'text': 'Because, by definition, as I claimed very correctly earlier,', 'start': 2137.52, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 2146.469, 'text': "So in request.args are all of the key value pairs that are in the URL that are coming in from the user's request.", 'start': 2140.302, 'duration': 6.167}], 'summary': "Flask's request.args contains key value pairs from user's url.", 'duration': 26.662, 'max_score': 2119.807, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI2119807.jpg'}, {'end': 2189.971, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2159.685, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2164.586, 'text': "to make clear and this is horribly named for exactly the reasons that I think I'm tripping over here,", 'start': 2159.685, 'duration': 4.901}, {'end': 2175.828, 'text': 'because they actually are both coming in via form, via get or post, but Flask puts get arguments in args and puts post arguments in form,', 'start': 2164.586, 'duration': 11.242}, {'end': 2177.948, 'text': 'thereby leading clearly to potential confusion.', 'start': 2175.828, 'duration': 2.12}, {'end': 2189.971, 'text': "But if I go ahead now and load this version of the site and I keep keep hoping I'm going to go ahead now, run Flask, Restart this page,", 'start': 2178.028, 'duration': 11.943}], 'summary': 'Flask separates get and post arguments into args and form, causing potential confusion.', 'duration': 30.286, 'max_score': 2159.685, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI2159685.jpg'}, {'end': 2232.292, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2205.638, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2209.86, 'text': 'Because notice that I kind of did not practice what I preached a moment ago.', 'start': 2205.638, 'duration': 4.222}, {'end': 2214.162, 'text': 'What habit did I violate when I whipped up success.html?', 'start': 2209.98, 'duration': 4.182}, {'end': 2217.128, 'text': 'How did I get to that point?', 'start': 2216.308, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 2222.43, 'text': 'yeah?. Yeah, I copied and paste, which again, usually in programming, not the right thing to do.', 'start': 2217.128, 'duration': 5.302}, {'end': 2227.111, 'text': "Might get the job done super fast, but it's probably the wrong instinct because it's going to get harder and harder to maintain.", 'start': 2222.47, 'duration': 4.641}, {'end': 2229.932, 'text': "Now, why is that? You've played with HTML a couple of weeks ago.", 'start': 2227.131, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 2232.292, 'text': 'And recall from that problem set.', 'start': 2230.332, 'duration': 1.96}], 'summary': 'Copying and pasting code hinders maintenance and violates good programming habits.', 'duration': 26.654, 'max_score': 2205.638, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI2205638.jpg'}, {'end': 2292.101, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2262.929, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2267.653, 'text': 'But now that we have access to Python, an actual programming language that can do things logically,', 'start': 2262.929, 'duration': 4.724}, {'end': 2270.135, 'text': 'now you can actually start to factor those things out too.', 'start': 2267.653, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 2277.1, 'text': 'And notice in this file success.html, as well as in index.html.', 'start': 2270.535, 'duration': 6.565}, {'end': 2279.262, 'text': 'what are some of the commonalities?', 'start': 2277.1, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 2280.102, 'text': 'suffice it to say?', 'start': 2279.262, 'duration': 0.84}, {'end': 2281.584, 'text': 'The form is only in one of them.', 'start': 2280.163, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 2286.688, 'text': 'But what else is obviously redundant everywhere? The title.', 'start': 2282.204, 'duration': 4.484}, {'end': 2292.101, 'text': 'the head of the page more generally, the doc type at the very top, the body tag alone.', 'start': 2287.898, 'duration': 4.203}], 'summary': 'Python enables logical programming and identifies redundant code in success.html and index.html.', 'duration': 29.172, 'max_score': 2262.929, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI2262929.jpg'}, {'end': 2484.36, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2454.099, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 2458.32, 'text': "And honestly, it doesn't even look like HTML anymore because we're using these more dynamic features.", 'start': 2454.099, 'duration': 4.221}, {'end': 2461.121, 'text': 'But this just says, hey, Flask, use the same layout.', 'start': 2458.66, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 2463.002, 'text': 'So the page is structured exactly the same.', 'start': 2461.161, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 2466.763, 'text': 'But for the body, go ahead and plug in this value instead.', 'start': 2463.362, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 2472.048, 'text': 'So indeed, when you go ahead and load this success message, you see this message here, not just success.', 'start': 2467.483, 'duration': 4.565}, {'end': 2474.13, 'text': 'I expounded here and said, you are registered.', 'start': 2472.128, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 2474.75, 'text': 'Well, not really.', 'start': 2474.17, 'duration': 0.58}, {'end': 2476.072, 'text': "That's because there's no database yet.", 'start': 2474.81, 'duration': 1.262}, {'end': 2479.235, 'text': "But that's going to generate a full-fledged HTML page.", 'start': 2476.652, 'duration': 2.583}, {'end': 2484.36, 'text': 'And what about failure? Before, I was just cheating and just saying, return failure, quote unquote, no HTML at all.', 'start': 2479.255, 'duration': 5.105}], 'summary': 'The transcript discusses using dynamic features in html with flask to generate success and failure messages.', 'duration': 30.261, 'max_score': 2454.099, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI2454099.jpg'}, {'end': 2629.056, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2598.76, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2600.081, 'text': "It's automatically supported.", 'start': 2598.76, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 2603.263, 'text': 'So Flask, by default, supports Jinja.', 'start': 2600.141, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 2605.845, 'text': 'It could have come up with its own templating syntax.', 'start': 2603.604, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 2609.168, 'text': "But whoever invented Flask decided, I don't need to reinvent this wheel.", 'start': 2605.865, 'duration': 3.303}, {'end': 2612.37, 'text': 'Someone else already made a templating language that gives me this functionality.', 'start': 2609.228, 'duration': 3.142}, {'end': 2614.652, 'text': "So I'm going to combine our works into one.", 'start': 2612.65, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 2621.094, 'text': "And I didn't call it a language a moment ago, because frankly, HTML, CSS, Python, JavaScript, I mean, we're already running out of fingers here.", 'start': 2615.052, 'duration': 6.042}, {'end': 2623.635, 'text': 'But Jinja is indeed yet another language.', 'start': 2621.374, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 2629.056, 'text': "It's just not a programming language per se, though it will have some control flow features that we'll see in a little bit.", 'start': 2623.715, 'duration': 5.341}], 'summary': 'Flask supports jinja as its default templating language, combining functionality from existing languages.', 'duration': 30.296, 'max_score': 2598.76, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI2598760.jpg'}], 'start': 2076.286, 'title': 'Creating and refactoring in flask', 'summary': 'Discusses creating success.html to handle form submissions in flask, addressing errors, and accessing form data via get and post methods. it also covers refactoring web code using flask, emphasizing the drawbacks of copying and pasting, the use of a template file, and the implementation of jinja for dynamic web page construction.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2177.948, 'start': 2076.286, 'title': 'Creating success.html and handling form submissions in flask', 'summary': "Discusses creating a success.html file in flask to handle form submissions, encountering errors and addressing them, and the difference in accessing form data via get and post methods, highlighting the confusion caused by flask's naming conventions and the necessity to use request.form for post submissions.", 'duration': 101.662, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses creating a success.html file in Flask to handle form submissions.', 'Encountering errors and addressing them while working with Flask templates and form submissions.', "The difference in accessing form data via get and post methods in Flask, emphasizing the necessity to use request.form for post submissions and the confusion caused by Flask's naming conventions.", 'Flask puts get arguments in args and puts post arguments in form, leading to potential confusion.']}, {'end': 2695.316, 'start': 2178.028, 'title': 'Web programming: refactoring for efficiency', 'summary': 'Discusses the process of refactoring web code using flask, highlighting the drawbacks of copying and pasting in programming, the use of a template file to factor out common html elements, and the implementation of jinja as a templating language in flask, ultimately aiming to construct web pages more dynamically and efficiently.', 'duration': 517.288, 'highlights': ['The drawbacks of copying and pasting in programming The speaker highlights the inefficiency of copying and pasting in programming, emphasizing the increased difficulty in maintaining code and the negative impact on the overall structure of the program.', 'Use of a template file to factor out common HTML elements The transcript details the use of a template file called layout.html, which contains common HTML elements such as the doc type, HTML tag, head tag, title tag, and body tag, allowing for the structure of web pages to be based on this template, with the ability to vary only specific sections.', 'Implementation of Jinja as a templating language in Flask The discussion introduces Jinja as a templating language used in Flask, explaining its purpose in allowing for the dynamic construction of web pages, distinct from traditional HTML and CSS, and highlighting its integration with Flask for efficient web development.']}], 'duration': 619.03, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI2076286.jpg', 'highlights': ['The drawbacks of copying and pasting in programming, emphasizing the increased difficulty in maintaining code and the negative impact on the overall structure of the program.', "The difference in accessing form data via get and post methods in Flask, emphasizing the necessity to use request.form for post submissions and the confusion caused by Flask's naming conventions.", 'Use of a template file to factor out common HTML elements, allowing for the structure of web pages to be based on this template, with the ability to vary only specific sections.', 'Flask puts get arguments in args and puts post arguments in form, leading to potential confusion.', 'Implementation of Jinja as a templating language in Flask, explaining its purpose in allowing for the dynamic construction of web pages, distinct from traditional HTML and CSS, and highlighting its integration with Flask for efficient web development.', 'Encountering errors and addressing them while working with Flask templates and form submissions.', 'The chapter discusses creating a success.html file in Flask to handle form submissions.']}, {'end': 3692.172, 'segs': [{'end': 2748.499, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2719.677, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2722.98, 'text': 'You can put stuff that looks like Python code, but not all of Python.', 'start': 2719.677, 'duration': 3.303}, {'end': 2724.062, 'text': 'And so more on that in a bit.', 'start': 2723.181, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 2727.314, 'text': 'Mm-mm, only certain functions.', 'start': 2725.814, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 2733.256, 'text': 'Templating languages, long story short, are sandboxed so that they are not as expressive as a real programming language.', 'start': 2727.734, 'duration': 5.522}, {'end': 2736.096, 'text': 'Otherwise, you are vulnerable to potential hacks.', 'start': 2733.336, 'duration': 2.76}, {'end': 2742.418, 'text': "You want their functionality to be very limited because they're only about displaying data, not about thinking or doing logic, generally.", 'start': 2736.756, 'duration': 5.662}, {'end': 2743.478, 'text': 'More on that in a bit.', 'start': 2742.838, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 2745.318, 'text': 'All right, that was a lot all at once.', 'start': 2743.498, 'duration': 1.82}, {'end': 2748.499, 'text': "Let's take a five-minute break here, turn on some music, come back, and we'll make this app better.", 'start': 2745.338, 'duration': 3.161}], 'summary': 'Templating languages are sandboxed to limit functionality and prevent potential hacks.', 'duration': 28.822, 'max_score': 2719.677, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI2719677.jpg'}, {'end': 2787.428, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2751.385, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2758.074, 'text': 'So to recap where froshim0 left off, we now have this structure, which is pretty much conventional.', 'start': 2751.385, 'duration': 6.689}, {'end': 2765.904, 'text': 'Any web application we make here on out is going to follow this pattern of having an application.py entry point where all the interesting stuff starts.', 'start': 2758.214, 'duration': 7.69}, {'end': 2771.431, 'text': 'And layout.html file in your templates directory that lays out the whole site and any commonalities.', 'start': 2766.465, 'duration': 4.966}, {'end': 2778.759, 'text': 'And then one or more other pages that actually represent your individual views that correspond to one or more of your actual routes.', 'start': 2771.811, 'duration': 6.948}, {'end': 2781.422, 'text': "So now we're at the point of a stable baseline.", 'start': 2778.819, 'duration': 2.603}, {'end': 2787.428, 'text': 'But had we dived in right to this, we would It would perhaps not make as much sense as to why we did this various factorization.', 'start': 2781.442, 'duration': 5.986}], 'summary': 'A conventional web application structure is established, including application.py entry point, layout.html file, and individual views for routes.', 'duration': 36.043, 'max_score': 2751.385, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI2751385.jpg'}, {'end': 2839.34, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2808.101, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2814.083, 'text': "So what might a data structure be in Python where we could store registrants? We don't have databases yet.", 'start': 2808.101, 'duration': 5.982}, {'end': 2815.043, 'text': "We don't have SQL yet.", 'start': 2814.103, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 2815.904, 'text': "That's a week ahead.", 'start': 2815.144, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 2820.41, 'text': 'Yeah, we could use an array otherwise known as a list in Python.', 'start': 2817.068, 'duration': 3.342}, {'end': 2822.471, 'text': 'So let me propose how we might do this.', 'start': 2820.49, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 2827.994, 'text': 'Let me actually open up froshims1 for our second iteration of this program.', 'start': 2822.511, 'duration': 5.483}, {'end': 2830.075, 'text': 'And in application.py, notice this.', 'start': 2828.094, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 2831.936, 'text': 'At the very top of the file.', 'start': 2830.555, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 2839.34, 'text': "not only am I creating my application using the same line as before, and I've commented things this time in advance using the hash symbol.", 'start': 2831.936, 'duration': 7.404}], 'summary': 'Using python, an array (list) can be used to store registrants in the absence of databases or sql, as demonstrated in the program iteration.', 'duration': 31.239, 'max_score': 2808.101, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI2808101.jpg'}, {'end': 3051.187, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3023.692, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 3031.161, 'text': "So how do we follow these breadcrumbs? Well, if I scroll up in application.py, we'll see a route called slash registrants.", 'start': 3023.692, 'duration': 7.469}, {'end': 3036.889, 'text': "And you'll see that all it does apparently is it returns a template called registered.html,", 'start': 3031.482, 'duration': 5.407}, {'end': 3040.273, 'text': "where registered.html is probably a template that's generating that list.", 'start': 3036.889, 'duration': 3.384}, {'end': 3041.935, 'text': "But there's something different this time.", 'start': 3040.373, 'duration': 1.562}, {'end': 3044.138, 'text': "I'm passing in an argument.", 'start': 3042.896, 'duration': 1.242}, {'end': 3045.179, 'text': 'And we saw this earlier.', 'start': 3044.158, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 3051.187, 'text': 'When I wanted to pass in name equals David or name equals Brian, I just grabbed that from a variable.', 'start': 3045.379, 'duration': 5.808}], 'summary': 'The application.py file contains a route named slash registrants, returning a template called registered.html with an argument passed in.', 'duration': 27.495, 'max_score': 3023.692, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI3023692.jpg'}, {'end': 3370.272, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3339.672, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 3342.654, 'text': 'So Python comes with built-in functionality via which you can send emails.', 'start': 3339.672, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 3345.576, 'text': 'And this is exactly what I did when I first made this website.', 'start': 3342.674, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 3346.937, 'text': "I didn't know anything about databases.", 'start': 3345.596, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 3349.239, 'text': "I didn't know anything about saving things to files just yet.", 'start': 3346.977, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 3349.999, 'text': 'I was still learning.', 'start': 3349.279, 'duration': 0.72}, {'end': 3357.264, 'text': 'But I did realize hmm, I could use programming to send an email to the proctor or the RA who was overseeing the sports program,', 'start': 3350.34, 'duration': 6.924}, {'end': 3360.646, 'text': 'so that they could just save it in a folder and know who had registered.', 'start': 3357.264, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 3365.69, 'text': "It's not super user friendly, but it at least got the job done because they were then able to track everything.", 'start': 3360.666, 'duration': 5.024}, {'end': 3370.272, 'text': 'So in this program, notice that I have my route for my form.', 'start': 3366.07, 'duration': 4.202}], 'summary': 'Used python to send emails for tracking registrations, enabling easy tracking of data.', 'duration': 30.6, 'max_score': 3339.672, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI3339672.jpg'}, {'end': 3599.829, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3571.086, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 3573.588, 'text': "I think you're referring to our JavaScript examples.", 'start': 3571.086, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 3578.09, 'text': "no?, OK, so we'll actually come back to that in a little bit,", 'start': 3573.588, 'duration': 4.502}, {'end': 3583.431, 'text': 'where we reintroduce a bit of JavaScript which actually gives us some more functionality reminiscent of those examples.', 'start': 3578.09, 'duration': 5.341}, {'end': 3584.131, 'text': 'Other questions?', 'start': 3583.631, 'duration': 0.5}, {'end': 3587.673, 'text': 'What email address did you send that email from??', 'start': 3584.632, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 3592.474, 'text': "And don't you need to enter a password to make sure no one just randomly sends email?", 'start': 3588.013, 'duration': 4.461}, {'end': 3593.107, 'text': 'DAVID MALAN.', 'start': 3592.827, 'duration': 0.28}, {'end': 3594.127, 'text': "Yeah, it's a really good question.", 'start': 3593.107, 'duration': 1.02}, {'end': 3599.829, 'text': 'So via what email address did I send that? And to whom was it sent? So again, this is the from address.', 'start': 3594.147, 'duration': 5.682}], 'summary': 'Discussion on javascript examples and email security.', 'duration': 28.743, 'max_score': 3571.086, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI3571086.jpg'}], 'start': 2695.356, 'title': 'Flask templating, web app basics, storing registrants, and sending email in python', 'summary': 'Covers limitations of templating languages in flask, web app structure, factorization, storing registrants in python using arrays, implementing routes, sending emails using smtp, setting up servers, encryption, and potential insecurities of email, highlighting usage of flask, html, jinja templates, and potential risks of using third-party email services.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2787.428, 'start': 2695.356, 'title': 'Flask templating and web application basics', 'summary': 'Explains the limitations of templating languages in flask, the conventional structure of web applications, and the importance of factorization, preparing for further development.', 'duration': 92.072, 'highlights': ['The browser receives dynamically constructed HTML from Python or Flask, indicating the limited expressiveness of templating languages and the need for sandboxing to prevent vulnerabilities.', 'The conventional structure of web applications in Flask includes an application.py entry point, a layout.html file, and individual views representing actual routes, providing a stable baseline for future development.', 'The limitations of templating languages in Flask are essential for preventing potential hacks, as they are designed for displaying data and not for executing logic, ensuring the security of web applications.', 'The need for factorization in web application development is emphasized, highlighting the importance of understanding the rationale behind the structural setup for efficient and meaningful development.', 'The chapter introduces the concept of sandboxing in templating languages, ensuring their limited functionality and preventing potential security vulnerabilities in web applications.']}, {'end': 3395.955, 'start': 2787.868, 'title': 'Storing registrants in python', 'summary': 'Discusses storing registrants in python using an array, adding registrants to the list, and implementing a route to display registered students, with emphasis on the usage of flask, html, and jinja templates.', 'duration': 608.087, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses using an array (list) in Python to store registrants, as an alternative to databases, SQL, and more advanced techniques, with a focus on simplicity and practicality.', "The instructor demonstrates the process of adding registrants to the list using the 'append' function in Python, which allows for the addition of registrants' names and dorms to the list, showcasing the practical implementation of Python syntax.", 'The implementation of a route to display registered students is highlighted, showcasing the usage of Flask routes, HTML templates, and Jinja syntax for iterating over the list of registrants and displaying them in an unordered list format.', "The instructor also briefly mentions the usage of the OS library and SMTP (simple mail transfer protocol) in Python for sending emails to track registrants, providing an alternative approach for storing registrants' information."]}, {'end': 3692.172, 'start': 3395.995, 'title': 'Sending email using python', 'summary': 'Explains how to use python to send emails using smtp, demonstrating the process of setting up the server, encryption, and sending the email, and also highlighting the potential insecurities of email. it also briefly addresses the javascript examples and the potential risks of using third-party email services.', 'duration': 296.177, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains how to use Python to send emails using SMTP, demonstrating the process of setting up the server, encryption, and sending the email. The transcript provides a detailed explanation of using Python to send emails via SMTP, including setting up the server, using encryption, and sending the email.', 'It also briefly addresses the JavaScript examples and the potential risks of using third-party email services. The transcript briefly mentions the JavaScript examples and the potential risks of using third-party email services, highlighting the importance of using rigorous error checking and the potential insecurities of email.']}], 'duration': 996.816, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI2695356.jpg', 'highlights': ['The limitations of templating languages in Flask are essential for preventing potential hacks, ensuring the security of web applications.', 'The conventional structure of web applications in Flask includes an application.py entry point, a layout.html file, and individual views representing actual routes, providing a stable baseline for future development.', 'The need for factorization in web application development is emphasized, highlighting the importance of understanding the rationale behind the structural setup for efficient and meaningful development.', 'The chapter introduces the concept of sandboxing in templating languages, ensuring their limited functionality and preventing potential security vulnerabilities in web applications.', 'The chapter discusses using an array (list) in Python to store registrants, as an alternative to databases, SQL, and more advanced techniques, with a focus on simplicity and practicality.', "The instructor demonstrates the process of adding registrants to the list using the 'append' function in Python, which allows for the addition of registrants' names and dorms to the list, showcasing the practical implementation of Python syntax.", 'The implementation of a route to display registered students is highlighted, showcasing the usage of Flask routes, HTML templates, and Jinja syntax for iterating over the list of registrants and displaying them in an unordered list format.', 'The chapter explains how to use Python to send emails using SMTP, demonstrating the process of setting up the server, encryption, and sending the email.', 'It also briefly addresses the JavaScript examples and the potential risks of using third-party email services, highlighting the importance of using rigorous error checking and the potential insecurities of email.']}, {'end': 4600.795, 'segs': [{'end': 3722.689, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3693.171, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3694.391, 'text': 'that you have now great power.', 'start': 3693.171, 'duration': 1.22}, {'end': 3696.072, 'text': "Don't use it for evil.", 'start': 3694.471, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 3704.435, 'text': "All right, so let's go ahead now and do another example, but that takes this a further step, adding finally some persistence of information.", 'start': 3696.592, 'duration': 7.843}, {'end': 3708.116, 'text': "Let's go ahead into froshims3 now and open up application.py.", 'start': 3704.495, 'duration': 3.621}, {'end': 3715.763, 'text': 'So recall that we can use CSV files, comma separated value files, to create the illusion of spreadsheets.', 'start': 3708.976, 'duration': 6.787}, {'end': 3717.865, 'text': "But now we're actually going to create them ourselves.", 'start': 3715.803, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 3719.827, 'text': 'The code for this is a little more involved.', 'start': 3718.125, 'duration': 1.702}, {'end': 3722.689, 'text': "And the only thing I've changed now really is the register method.", 'start': 3720.127, 'duration': 2.562}], 'summary': 'Learning about creating csv files for spreadsheets in froshims3.', 'duration': 29.518, 'max_score': 3693.171, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI3693171.jpg'}, {'end': 3788.469, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3765.073, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3773.838, 'text': "code In line 16 here, I'm telling Python to go ahead and open a file called registered.csv, quote unquote, A.", 'start': 3765.073, 'duration': 8.765}, {'end': 3774.839, 'text': "So we've seen R.", 'start': 3773.838, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 3776.54, 'text': "We've seen W for read and write.", 'start': 3774.839, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 3778.821, 'text': 'Anyone recall what A is or no?', 'start': 3776.62, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 3783.347, 'text': 'It happens to mean append, which means just add a row to the file,', 'start': 3780.185, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 3788.469, 'text': "which is nice because if there's already students registered when a new one registers, we just want to append to the bottom of the file.", 'start': 3783.347, 'duration': 5.122}], 'summary': "Python code opens registered.csv using 'a' to append new student registrations.", 'duration': 23.396, 'max_score': 3765.073, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI3765073.jpg'}, {'end': 4240.497, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4214.598, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4219.82, 'text': "It's ugly again, but where did we see this kind of functionality when the user does not cooperate?", 'start': 4214.598, 'duration': 5.222}, {'end': 4225.714, 'text': 'Or how did I implement this apparently? JavaScript.', 'start': 4223.493, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 4226.594, 'text': 'DAVID J.', 'start': 4226.194, 'duration': 0.4}, {'end': 4227.674, 'text': 'Yeah, JavaScript.', 'start': 4226.594, 'duration': 1.08}, {'end': 4238.276, 'text': "So it turns out that with Python you can obviously validate the user's input on the server by just checking what's in request.args or request.form and then yell at the user success or failure accordingly.", 'start': 4227.734, 'duration': 10.542}, {'end': 4240.497, 'text': 'But you can also use JavaScript.', 'start': 4238.716, 'duration': 1.781}], 'summary': 'Python and javascript can be used to validate user input on the server and provide feedback on success or failure.', 'duration': 25.899, 'max_score': 4214.598, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI4214598.jpg'}], 'start': 3693.171, 'title': 'Improving data persistence, file handling, and javascript for form validation', 'summary': 'Covers using csv files for data persistence, file handling in python, including opening, writing, and reading csv files, and form validation using javascript, emphasizing client-side validation and enhancing user experience with css and libraries.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3765.013, 'start': 3693.171, 'title': 'Improving data persistence with csv files', 'summary': 'Introduces the concept of using csv files for data persistence, moving from storing data in a global list to a lightweight csv database, which ensures data permanence even when the server stops, and includes an improved register route that handles user input more efficiently.', 'duration': 71.842, 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces the concept of using CSV files for data persistence, moving from storing data in a global list to a lightweight CSV database.', 'The lightweight CSV database ensures data permanence even when the server stops.', 'An improved register route handles user input more efficiently by rendering a failure if the user did not provide their name or dorm.']}, {'end': 4142.497, 'start': 3765.073, 'title': 'File handling and csv in python', 'summary': 'Discusses file handling in python, particularly focusing on opening, writing, and reading csv files, and demonstrates how to append data to a csv file, display the data in a web form, and handle potential issues with user input, all while emphasizing the usage of the csv library.', 'duration': 377.424, 'highlights': ["The chapter discusses the process of opening, writing, and reading CSV files in Python, emphasizing the 'append' mode for adding rows to the file and utilizing the CSV library for writing and reading data. The chapter provides insights into the 'append' mode for opening files and demonstrates the usage of the CSV library for writing and reading data, focusing on the process of adding rows to the CSV file.", 'The demonstration illustrates how to handle potential issues with user input, such as commas in the input, by utilizing the CSV library to ensure proper handling of special characters and preventing potential file breakage. The chapter emphasizes the importance of utilizing the CSV library to handle potential issues with user input, such as commas, by ensuring proper handling of special characters to prevent potential file breakage.', "The chapter explains the process of reading data from a CSV file into a Python list using the CSV reader and converting it into a Python list for further manipulation, also presenting the conventional method of handling file closure using the 'with' keyword. The chapter elaborates on the process of reading data from a CSV file into a Python list using the CSV reader and converting it for further manipulation, while also demonstrating the conventional method of handling file closure using the 'with' keyword."]}, {'end': 4600.795, 'start': 4142.557, 'title': 'Using javascript for form validation', 'summary': 'Discusses the use of javascript for form validation, highlighting the advantages of using javascript over python for client-side validation, the importance of server-side validation, and the role of css and libraries like bootstrap in enhancing user experience and form validation.', 'duration': 458.238, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the use of JavaScript for client-side form validation, emphasizing its superiority over Python for faster validation and user experience.', 'The importance of server-side validation is highlighted, emphasizing the need to defend against users who may disable client-side validation and submit bogus data.', 'The role of CSS and libraries like Bootstrap in enhancing user experience and form validation is discussed, including the use of interactive features and immediate feedback for users.']}], 'duration': 907.624, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI3693171.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces the concept of using CSV files for data persistence, moving from storing data in a global list to a lightweight CSV database.', "The chapter discusses the process of opening, writing, and reading CSV files in Python, emphasizing the 'append' mode for adding rows to the file and utilizing the CSV library for writing and reading data.", 'The chapter explains the use of JavaScript for client-side form validation, emphasizing its superiority over Python for faster validation and user experience.']}, {'end': 5156.511, 'segs': [{'end': 4630.481, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4600.855, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4606.373, 'text': 'Yeah? No? Yeah, it prevents the submission of the form.', 'start': 4600.855, 'duration': 5.518}, {'end': 4608.734, 'text': 'The default behavior of a form is it wants to be submitted.', 'start': 4606.394, 'duration': 2.34}, {'end': 4609.614, 'text': "That's why they exist.", 'start': 4608.754, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 4614.856, 'text': 'But if you return false in JavaScript, it will short circuit that and prevent that default behavior,', 'start': 4609.875, 'duration': 4.981}, {'end': 4617.657, 'text': 'thereby stopping the user from submitting the form at all.', 'start': 4614.856, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 4623.219, 'text': "So let's take one step back now, because there's now so much going on in this one file alone.", 'start': 4617.957, 'duration': 5.262}, {'end': 4630.481, 'text': 'In this sixth and final example, notice that we have application.py, which is the entry point, the so-called controller of this web application.', 'start': 4623.519, 'duration': 6.962}], 'summary': 'Returning false in javascript prevents form submission, serving as a controller in the web application.', 'duration': 29.626, 'max_score': 4600.855, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI4600855.jpg'}, {'end': 4763.219, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4733.263, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4737.427, 'text': 'because what you are seeing in my design decision here is a tension.', 'start': 4733.263, 'duration': 4.164}, {'end': 4739.489, 'text': 'So that tension here is as follows.', 'start': 4737.827, 'duration': 1.662}, {'end': 4747.052, 'text': 'it is not necessarily the best practice to just have your logical JavaScript code commingled with your HTML.', 'start': 4740.089, 'duration': 6.963}, {'end': 4748.913, 'text': 'It makes it harder to collaborate with someone else.', 'start': 4747.072, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 4754.115, 'text': 'If one of you is really good at design and wants to work on the HTML and CSS, the other person really wants to do the JavaScript code.', 'start': 4748.973, 'duration': 5.142}, {'end': 4756.176, 'text': "kind of hard to do that when they're both in the same file.", 'start': 4754.115, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 4757.616, 'text': 'So we could factor this out.', 'start': 4756.496, 'duration': 1.12}, {'end': 4763.219, 'text': 'I could change this line, just to be super clear, to be this.', 'start': 4757.976, 'duration': 5.243}], 'summary': 'Commingle of javascript and html code hinders collaboration and design specialization.', 'duration': 29.956, 'max_score': 4733.263, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI4733263.jpg'}, {'end': 4982.886, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4944.397, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4945.738, 'text': 'Probably JavaScript right?', 'start': 4944.397, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 4946.578, 'text': "That's the whole principle.", 'start': 4945.758, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 4950.361, 'text': "Client-side code is just going to execute faster because there's no internet between you and the code.", 'start': 4946.678, 'duration': 3.683}, {'end': 4953.122, 'text': 'But with Python, you have access to files.', 'start': 4950.861, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 4956.845, 'text': 'And yet with JavaScript code, you have closer access to the user.', 'start': 4953.703, 'duration': 3.142}, {'end': 4957.945, 'text': "So there's these tensions.", 'start': 4956.885, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 4966.53, 'text': "So how could we go about building a site that lets a human via form search across that file for words? Well, let's start as follows.", 'start': 4958.285, 'duration': 8.245}, {'end': 4971.874, 'text': 'So in word 0, we have the following.', 'start': 4967.131, 'duration': 4.743}, {'end': 4976.623, 'text': 'Large, which is just a text file borrowed from the speller problem set.', 'start': 4972.982, 'duration': 3.641}, {'end': 4979.104, 'text': '140, 000 words, one poor line therein.', 'start': 4976.984, 'duration': 2.12}, {'end': 4981.265, 'text': "I'm not even going to double click and open it because it's so darn big.", 'start': 4979.124, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 4982.886, 'text': "It'll take a few seconds to open.", 'start': 4981.605, 'duration': 1.281}], 'summary': 'Comparison of javascript and python for file access and user interaction.', 'duration': 38.489, 'max_score': 4944.397, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI4944397.jpg'}], 'start': 4600.855, 'title': 'Web development fundamentals', 'summary': 'Explores javascript for preventing form submission, integrating multiple languages, and separating logical javascript code from html. it also discusses building a search engine using python and javascript, along with trade-offs between server-side and client-side code execution.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5156.511, 'start': 4600.855, 'title': 'Web development fundamentals', 'summary': 'Explores the use of javascript to prevent default form submission, the integration of multiple languages in web development, and the tension between separating logical javascript code from html. it also discusses building a search engine using python and javascript, and the trade-offs between server-side and client-side code execution.', 'duration': 555.656, 'highlights': ['The default behavior of a form can be prevented by returning false in JavaScript, which stops the user from submitting the form. Returning false in JavaScript prevents the default behavior of a form, thereby stopping the user from submitting the form at all.', 'The chapter discusses the tension between separating logical JavaScript code from HTML, as it becomes harder to collaborate when both are in the same file. The tension is highlighted between separating logical JavaScript code from HTML, making collaboration harder when both are in the same file.', 'The chapter explores the use of Python for server-side code and JavaScript for client-side code, highlighting the trade-offs between file access and immediate user feedback. The trade-offs between using Python for server-side code with file access and JavaScript for client-side code with immediate user feedback are discussed.', 'The chapter demonstrates the building of a search engine using Python and JavaScript, allowing a user to search across a file for words. The chapter demonstrates the construction of a search engine using Python and JavaScript, enabling users to search through a file for words.']}], 'duration': 555.656, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI4600855.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates the building of a search engine using Python and JavaScript, allowing a user to search across a file for words.', 'The chapter explores the use of Python for server-side code and JavaScript for client-side code, highlighting the trade-offs between file access and immediate user feedback.', 'The chapter discusses the tension between separating logical JavaScript code from HTML, as it becomes harder to collaborate when both are in the same file.', 'The default behavior of a form can be prevented by returning false in JavaScript, which stops the user from submitting the form.']}, {'end': 6704.488, 'segs': [{'end': 5265.134, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5234.139, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5236.68, 'text': 'And then I render the template passing in these words.', 'start': 5234.139, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 5245.764, 'text': 'So this one liner on line 17 actually has the effect of searching 140, 000 words for whatever words start with what the user typed in.', 'start': 5237.04, 'duration': 8.724}, {'end': 5248.125, 'text': 'See? This would be a pain in the neck to do.', 'start': 5246.184, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 5250.606, 'text': 'In Python, you can do it with literally one line.', 'start': 5248.485, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 5252.787, 'text': 'A long line, but one line nonetheless.', 'start': 5250.666, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 5254.247, 'text': 'Let me make this more clear.', 'start': 5253.127, 'duration': 1.12}, {'end': 5259.77, 'text': 'If I were to search for words in this big file, I might do something like this.', 'start': 5254.687, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 5261.031, 'text': 'Words is an empty list.', 'start': 5259.91, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 5265.134, 'text': 'So this lowercase words is all of the words that match that I want to send back to the user.', 'start': 5261.051, 'duration': 4.083}], 'summary': 'Using one line of python code to search 140,000 words efficiently.', 'duration': 30.995, 'max_score': 5234.139, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI5234139.jpg'}, {'end': 5522.403, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5492.134, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5492.495, 'text': 'Good question.', 'start': 5492.134, 'duration': 0.361}, {'end': 5499.484, 'text': 'Yeah?. Why did I have to change my args to??', 'start': 5492.535, 'duration': 6.949}, {'end': 5508.755, 'text': "So earlier today, when I didn't understand what was going on, you should use request.args for get requests.", 'start': 5501.667, 'duration': 7.088}, {'end': 5511.899, 'text': 'You should use request.form for post requests.', 'start': 5509.116, 'duration': 2.783}, {'end': 5516.581, 'text': "It's always dot get, yes.", 'start': 5515.1, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 5519.021, 'text': "But you change what you're getting things from.", 'start': 5517.061, 'duration': 1.96}, {'end': 5522.403, 'text': 'In an ideal world, it would have been something, oh, I see what you mean.', 'start': 5519.301, 'duration': 3.102}], 'summary': 'Use request.args for get requests and request.form for post requests. always use dot get for getting things.', 'duration': 30.269, 'max_score': 5492.134, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI5492134.jpg'}, {'end': 5969.017, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5938.084, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5942.766, 'text': "What's inside of it? all of those li tags that came from the server.", 'start': 5938.084, 'duration': 4.682}, {'end': 5949.989, 'text': "So with JavaScript, we have this amazing power now to change what's inside of a web page by just asking the server for more data.", 'start': 5943.086, 'duration': 6.903}, {'end': 5955.832, 'text': "So if you've ever used Facebook or you've used Google Chat or any websites that's dynamically changing every second, every minute,", 'start': 5950.189, 'duration': 5.643}, {'end': 5961.554, 'text': "any time you get a message, you can literally, if you get a little nosy, open up Chrome's Inspector and watch the DOM,", 'start': 5955.832, 'duration': 5.722}, {'end': 5969.017, 'text': "watch this Elements tab and you'll see new stuff popping up every time you get a message or a chat or any other such notification on the screen.", 'start': 5961.554, 'duration': 7.463}], 'summary': 'Javascript enables dynamic web content updates from the server, as seen in facebook and google chat.', 'duration': 30.933, 'max_score': 5938.084, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI5938084.jpg'}, {'end': 6084.633, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6055.483, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6061.985, 'text': "This is kilobytes, by definition, of information that we're sending just to send open bracket, li, close bracket, again and again.", 'start': 6055.483, 'duration': 6.502}, {'end': 6063.245, 'text': 'This is not very efficient.', 'start': 6062.185, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 6066.306, 'text': 'And so the world actually has adopted a different approach.', 'start': 6063.345, 'duration': 2.961}, {'end': 6068.187, 'text': "And I'll show this in words, too.", 'start': 6066.446, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 6075.549, 'text': 'that actually returns something called JavaScript object notation, which is a more succinct representation of this as follows.', 'start': 6068.707, 'duration': 6.842}, {'end': 6084.633, 'text': 'Let me go into words2, run Flask in there, search for the same kind of thing, and then watch what happens over the network panel this time.', 'start': 6075.569, 'duration': 9.064}], 'summary': 'Sending kilobytes of information using javascript object notation for a more efficient approach.', 'duration': 29.15, 'max_score': 6055.483, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI6055483.jpg'}], 'start': 5156.851, 'title': 'Web application development', 'summary': 'Covers web page layout and optimization, pythonic search route implementation, understanding web requests and server responses, efficient data representation in javascript, and web application design decisions, aiming for a better user experience and efficient data representation.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5210.128, 'start': 5156.851, 'title': 'Web page layout and optimization', 'summary': 'Discusses the initial page layout and optimization, including disabling autocomplete, implementing layout using jinja in flask, and improving mobile user experience by increasing default font size, ultimately aiming for a better user experience.', 'duration': 53.277, 'highlights': ["The cryptic-looking line in the layout.html file makes websites look better on mobile devices by increasing the default font size, providing an easy win for users' experience.", "Disabling autocomplete off just disables the browser's version of autocomplete, ultimately aiming to implement it ourselves.", "The cursor is blinking in the choice of text boxes that are cared about most upon loading the page, emphasizing the user's primary focus."]}, {'end': 5491.194, 'start': 5210.649, 'title': 'Pythonic search route implementation', 'summary': 'Discusses the implementation of a search route in python, using a one-liner code to search 140,000 words based on user input, and contrasts the procedural logic with a more pythonic approach using list comprehension.', 'duration': 280.545, 'highlights': ['The implementation of a search route in Python using a one-liner code to search 140,000 words based on user input. Pythonic implementation, searching 140,000 words, one-liner code, user input', 'Contrasting the procedural logic with a more Pythonic approach using list comprehension. Comparison of procedural logic with Pythonic approach, list comprehension']}, {'end': 5974.028, 'start': 5492.134, 'title': 'Understanding web requests and server responses', 'summary': 'Discusses the distinction between using request.args for get requests and request.form for post requests. it also delves into the implementation of autocomplete using client-side javascript and server responses, emphasizing the use of javascript to dynamically modify web pages.', 'duration': 481.894, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the distinction between using request.args for get requests and request.form for post requests. The speaker explains the rationale behind using request.args for get requests and request.form for post requests, providing insight into the ideal use cases for each, offering a clear distinction between the two methods.', 'It also delves into the implementation of autocomplete using client-side JavaScript and server responses. The chapter explores the use of client-side JavaScript to implement autocomplete functionality, allowing for immediate responses to user input, and discusses the process of dynamically modifying web pages through server responses.', 'The speaker emphasizes the use of JavaScript to dynamically modify web pages. Emphasizing the power of JavaScript, the speaker demonstrates how client-side JavaScript can be used to dynamically alter web pages by leveraging server responses, showcasing the ability to update page content without requiring complete page reloads.']}, {'end': 6199.166, 'start': 5974.048, 'title': 'Efficient data representation in javascript', 'summary': "Explores the inefficiency of returning html fragments and the adoption of javascript object notation (json) for more compact data representation, showing a reduction from kilobytes to a more efficient format and the use of flask's jsonify function to automatically generate json responses.", 'duration': 225.118, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the inefficiency of returning HTML fragments and the adoption of JavaScript object notation (JSON) for more compact data representation. The speaker highlights the inefficiency of returning HTML fragments, showcasing the redundancy and bulkiness of the data, and introduces JavaScript object notation (JSON) as a more compact and efficient alternative.', 'The reduction in data size from kilobytes to a more efficient format is emphasized. The speaker demonstrates the significant reduction in data size from kilobytes to a more efficient format using JavaScript object notation (JSON), highlighting the benefits of adopting a more succinct representation.', "The use of Flask's JSONify function to automatically generate JSON responses is explained. The speaker explains the usage of Flask's JSONify function, which automatically converts data structures, such as a list of words, into a text-based representation with quotes and commas, eliminating the need to manually write a template."]}, {'end': 6704.488, 'start': 6199.166, 'title': 'Web application design decisions', 'summary': 'Discusses the transition from server-side to client-side processing, highlighting the design choices and trade-offs involved, including the shift to using javascript for client-side searching and the considerations of network traffic, performance, and user experience.', 'duration': 505.322, 'highlights': ['JavaScript is used for client-side searching, enabling the browser to locally search a file containing 140,000 words, eliminating the need for a server and Python, and reducing network traffic.', 'The transition from server-side to client-side processing presents design possibilities with non-obvious answers, leading to questions about the best approach for web applications and the trade-offs involved, such as user trust, functionality, and performance.', 'Considerations about the impact of client-side processing on user experience, network traffic, and performance, including the trade-offs of sending large data files to users and the potential issues for users with limited memory and slow internet access.']}], 'duration': 1547.637, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/zdgYw-3tzfI/pics/zdgYw-3tzfI5156851.jpg', 'highlights': ['The implementation of a search route in Python using a one-liner code to search 140,000 words based on user input. Pythonic implementation, searching 140,000 words, one-liner code, user input', 'The chapter discusses the inefficiency of returning HTML fragments and the adoption of JavaScript object notation (JSON) for more compact data representation. The speaker highlights the inefficiency of returning HTML fragments, showcasing the redundancy and bulkiness of the data, and introduces JavaScript object notation (JSON) as a more compact and efficient alternative.', 'The reduction in data size from kilobytes to a more efficient format is emphasized. The speaker demonstrates the significant reduction in data size from kilobytes to a more efficient format using JavaScript object notation (JSON), highlighting the benefits of adopting a more succinct representation.', 'The chapter discusses the distinction between using request.args for get requests and request.form for post requests. The speaker explains the rationale behind using request.args for get requests and request.form for post requests, providing insight into the ideal use cases for each, offering a clear distinction between the two methods.', 'The chapter explores the use of client-side JavaScript to implement autocomplete functionality, allowing for immediate responses to user input, and discusses the process of dynamically modifying web pages through server responses.']}], 'highlights': ['The implementation of a search route in Python using a one-liner code to search 140,000 words based on user input. Pythonic implementation, searching 140,000 words, one-liner code, user input', 'The reduction in data size from kilobytes to a more efficient format is emphasized. The speaker demonstrates the significant reduction in data size from kilobytes to a more efficient format using JavaScript object notation (JSON), highlighting the benefits of adopting a more succinct representation.', 'The chapter discusses the inefficiency of returning HTML fragments and the adoption of JavaScript object notation (JSON) for more compact data representation. The speaker highlights the inefficiency of returning HTML fragments, showcasing the redundancy and bulkiness of the data, and introduces JavaScript object notation (JSON) as a more compact and efficient alternative.', 'The chapter explores the use of client-side JavaScript to implement autocomplete functionality, allowing for immediate responses to user input, and discusses the process of dynamically modifying web pages through server responses.', 'The chapter demonstrates the building of a search engine using Python and JavaScript, allowing a user to search across a file for words.', 'The chapter discusses the tension between separating logical JavaScript code from HTML, as it becomes harder to collaborate when both are in the same file.', 'The default behavior of a form can be prevented by returning false in JavaScript, which stops the user from submitting the form.', "The chapter discusses the process of opening, writing, and reading CSV files in Python, emphasizing the 'append' mode for adding rows to the file and utilizing the CSV library for writing and reading data.", 'The chapter introduces the concept of using CSV files for data persistence, moving from storing data in a global list to a lightweight CSV database.', 'The chapter explains the use of JavaScript for client-side form validation, emphasizing its superiority over Python for faster validation and user experience.', 'The need for factorization in web application development is emphasized, highlighting the importance of understanding the rationale behind the structural setup for efficient and meaningful development.', 'The conventional structure of web applications in Flask includes an application.py entry point, a layout.html file, and individual views representing actual routes, providing a stable baseline for future development.', 'The limitations of templating languages in Flask are essential for preventing potential hacks, ensuring the security of web applications.', "Understanding the use of 'action' and 'method' attributes in the form tag for specifying the submission route and method (GET or POST), and the implications of using POST for privacy and data handling.", 'Implementing HTML form elements such as input fields and select menus, and adding a Submit button to the form.', 'Understanding the significance of error messages in the console window and the importance of checking the console for diagnostic output in Flask applications.', 'The drawbacks of copying and pasting in programming, emphasizing the increased difficulty in maintaining code and the negative impact on the overall structure of the program.', 'The distinction between the visible words in the dropdown menu and the values stored for computer processing is highlighted, clarifying the role of each in the user interface.', 'The process of creating a select menu and assigning values is explained, emphasizing the need for options to have matching values for effective functionality.', 'The chapter covers debugging a Flask application, identifying and fixing an internal server error, and understanding the diagnostic output in the console window.', 'The introduction of Flask, a micro framework for Python, is discussed, highlighting how it simplifies web application development by providing reusable library code.', 'The chapter progresses to building a more dynamic web application, introducing multiple templates and a default route.', "Running the server with 'flask run' simplifies the process of starting the server.", 'The chapter explains the HTTP protocol and its role in web requests, including the default file name of index.html and the expected server response code of 200 for a successful request.', 'The goal is to use Python to generate HTML, demonstrating more powerful applications of Python for this purpose.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of separation of concerns in software design, advocating for the adoption of industry standard approaches to avoid maintaining one big confusing file.']}