title
Charles Isbell and Michael Littman: Machine Learning and Education | Lex Fridman Podcast #148

description
Charles Isbell is the Dean of the College of Computing at Georgia Tech. Michael Littman is a computer scientist at Brown University. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil - Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings - MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 2 for price of 1 - Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Charles's Twitter: https://twitter.com/isbellHFh Charles's Website: https://www.cc.gatech.edu/~isbell/ Michael's Twitter: https://twitter.com/mlittmancs Michael's Website: https://www.littmania.com/ Michael's YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/mlittman PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 2:27 - Is machine learning just statistics? 6:49 - NeurIPS vs ICML 9:05 - Data is more important than algorithm 14:49 - The role of hardship in education 23:33 - How Charles and Michael met 28:05 - Key to success: never be satisfied 31:23 - Bell Labs 42:50 - Teaching machine learning 53:01 - Westworld and Ex Machina 1:01:00 - Simulation 1:07:49 - The college experience in the times of COVID 1:36:27 - Advice for young people 1:43:19 - How to learn to program 1:54:43 - Friendship CONNECT: - Subscribe to this YouTube channel - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Charles Isbell and Michael Littman: Machine Learning and Education | Lex Fridman Podcast #148', 'heatmap': [{'end': 6572.884, 'start': 6500.798, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': "The podcast features computer science professors charles isbell and michael whitman, discussing distinctions in machine learning and computational statistics, university cultures, working at bell labs, ai, westworld, online education's impact, changing entertainment landscape, and programming basics.", 'chapters': [{'end': 102.132, 'segs': [{'end': 32.598, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.069, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3.33, 'text': 'The following is a conversation with Charles Isbell and Michael Whitman.', 'start': 0.069, 'duration': 3.261}, {'end': 10.413, 'text': 'Charles is the Dean of the College of Computing at Georgia Tech, and Michael is a computer science professor at Brown University.', 'start': 3.851, 'duration': 6.562}, {'end': 17.356, 'text': "I've spoken with each of them individually on this podcast and since they are good friends in real life,", 'start': 10.854, 'duration': 6.502}, {'end': 20.858, 'text': 'we all thought it would be fun to have a conversation together.', 'start': 17.356, 'duration': 3.502}, {'end': 25.414, 'text': 'Quick mention of each sponsor, followed by some thoughts related to the episode.', 'start': 21.772, 'duration': 3.642}, {'end': 32.598, 'text': 'Thank you to Athletic Greens, the all-in-one drink that I start every day with to cover all my nutritional bases.', 'start': 26.055, 'duration': 6.543}], 'summary': 'Conversation with charles isbell and michael whitman, sponsored by athletic greens.', 'duration': 32.529, 'max_score': 0.069, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz069.jpg'}, {'end': 75.51, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 43.667, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 46.609, 'text': 'And Cash App, the app I use to send money to friends.', 'start': 43.667, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 52.233, 'text': 'Please check out the sponsors in the description to get a discount and to support this podcast.', 'start': 47.429, 'duration': 4.804}, {'end': 59.458, 'text': "As a side note, let me say that having two guests on the podcast is an experiment that I've been meaning to do for a while.", 'start': 53.053, 'duration': 6.405}, {'end': 70.006, 'text': 'In particular because down the road I would like to occasionally be a kind of moderator for debates between people that may disagree in some interesting ways.', 'start': 59.978, 'duration': 10.028}, {'end': 75.51, 'text': 'If you have suggestions for who you would like to see debate on this podcast, let me know.', 'start': 70.666, 'duration': 4.844}], 'summary': 'Podcast explores hosting debates, seeking guest suggestions.', 'duration': 31.843, 'max_score': 43.667, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz043667.jpg'}], 'start': 0.069, 'title': 'Two guests podcast experiment', 'summary': "Discusses a podcast experiment featuring two computer science professors, charles isbell and michael whitman, and the host's plans for future debates on the podcast, along with mentions of sponsors and technical improvements to be made.", 'chapters': [{'end': 102.132, 'start': 0.069, 'title': 'Two guests podcast experiment', 'summary': "Discusses a podcast experiment featuring two computer science professors, charles isbell and michael whitman, and the host's plans for future debates on the podcast, along with mentions of sponsors and technical improvements to be made.", 'duration': 102.063, 'highlights': ['The chapter features a podcast experiment with two computer science professors, Charles Isbell and Michael Whitman, and discusses future plans for debates on the podcast.', 'The host mentions sponsors such as Athletic Greens, Eight Sleep, Masterclass, and Cash App, and encourages the audience to check them out for discounts.', 'Technical improvements, including using three or more cameras and experimenting with microphone mounting for the third person, are discussed for future podcast recordings.']}], 'duration': 102.063, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz069.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter features a podcast experiment with two computer science professors, Charles Isbell and Michael Whitman, and discusses future plans for debates on the podcast.', 'The host mentions sponsors such as Athletic Greens, Eight Sleep, Masterclass, and Cash App, and encourages the audience to check them out for discounts.', 'Technical improvements, including using three or more cameras and experimenting with microphone mounting for the third person, are discussed for future podcast recordings.']}, {'end': 1068.475, 'segs': [{'end': 295.692, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 251.977, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 258.619, 'text': 'Right And and I was annoyed all the time because the statistics would say that what I was doing was not statistically significant.', 'start': 251.977, 'duration': 6.642}, {'end': 266.161, 'text': "And I was like, but but but and basically what he said to me is statistics is how you're going to keep from lying to yourself.", 'start': 259.319, 'duration': 6.842}, {'end': 268.822, 'text': 'Which I thought was really deep.', 'start': 267.742, 'duration': 1.08}, {'end': 273.123, 'text': 'It is a way to keep yourself honest in a particular way.', 'start': 269.702, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 273.923, 'text': 'I agree with that.', 'start': 273.143, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 275.744, 'text': "Yeah And so you're trying to find rules.", 'start': 274.083, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 278.301, 'text': "I'm just going to bring it back to rules.", 'start': 276.98, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 280.162, 'text': 'Wait, wait, wait.', 'start': 278.741, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 283.564, 'text': 'Could you possibly try to define rules?', 'start': 280.402, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 287.767, 'text': 'Even regular statisticians, non-computational statisticians,', 'start': 284.085, 'duration': 3.682}, {'end': 292.85, 'text': 'do spend some of their time evaluating rules right? Applying statistics to try to understand.', 'start': 287.767, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 294.712, 'text': 'does this rule capture this??', 'start': 292.85, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 295.692, 'text': 'Does this not capture this??', 'start': 294.752, 'duration': 0.94}], 'summary': 'Statistics are essential for maintaining honesty and evaluating rules in decision-making.', 'duration': 43.715, 'max_score': 251.977, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz0251977.jpg'}, {'end': 376.558, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 350.206, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 354.271, 'text': "The things you have to worry about and how you worry about them are different, therefore they're different.", 'start': 350.206, 'duration': 4.065}, {'end': 358.932, 'text': 'Right At the very least, that much is true.', 'start': 355.851, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 361.933, 'text': "It doesn't mean that statistics, computational or otherwise, aren't important.", 'start': 359.113, 'duration': 2.82}, {'end': 362.954, 'text': 'I think they are.', 'start': 362.434, 'duration': 0.52}, {'end': 365.215, 'text': 'I mean, I do a lot of that, for example.', 'start': 362.974, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 366.875, 'text': 'But I think it goes beyond that.', 'start': 365.715, 'duration': 1.16}, {'end': 372.177, 'text': "I think that we could think about game theory in terms of statistics, but I don't think it's very as useful to do.", 'start': 366.935, 'duration': 5.242}, {'end': 376.558, 'text': 'I mean, the way I would think about it or a way I would think about it is this way.', 'start': 372.617, 'duration': 3.941}], 'summary': 'The importance of statistics and game theory in decision-making is highlighted, with a suggestion for a broader perspective.', 'duration': 26.352, 'max_score': 350.206, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz0350206.jpg'}, {'end': 416.492, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 385.575, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 386.936, 'text': 'The level of abstraction really matters here.', 'start': 385.575, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 393.141, 'text': 'So I think it is, there are contexts in which it is useful to think of it that way, right? And so finding that connection is actually helpful.', 'start': 387.237, 'duration': 5.904}, {'end': 396.404, 'text': "And I think that's when I emphasize the computational statistics thing.", 'start': 393.181, 'duration': 3.223}, {'end': 401.208, 'text': 'I think I want to befriend statistics and not absorb them.', 'start': 397.125, 'duration': 4.083}, {'end': 404.765, 'text': "Here's a way to think about it, beyond what I just said, right?", 'start': 401.823, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 412.409, 'text': 'So what would you say and I want you to think back to a conversation we had a very long time ago what would you say is the difference between, say,', 'start': 404.805, 'duration': 7.604}, {'end': 416.492, 'text': 'the early 2000s ICML and what we used to call NIPS NeurIPS?', 'start': 412.409, 'duration': 4.083}], 'summary': 'Discussion on abstraction level and importance of finding connections in computational statistics.', 'duration': 30.917, 'max_score': 385.575, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz0385575.jpg'}, {'end': 617.379, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 584.077, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 585.618, 'text': "and that's part of the programming.", 'start': 584.077, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 592.061, 'text': 'So how did on the NeurIPS versus ICML topic?', 'start': 587.038, 'duration': 5.023}, {'end': 597.064, 'text': "what's the role of neural networks in redefining the size and the role of machine learning?", 'start': 592.061, 'duration': 5.003}, {'end': 601.027, 'text': "I can't wait to hear what Michael thinks about this, but I would add one.", 'start': 597.325, 'duration': 3.702}, {'end': 601.407, 'text': 'But he will.', 'start': 601.047, 'duration': 0.36}, {'end': 603.389, 'text': "That's true, I will.", 'start': 602.828, 'duration': 0.561}, {'end': 604.149, 'text': "I'll force myself to.", 'start': 603.429, 'duration': 0.72}, {'end': 609.193, 'text': "I think there's one other thing I would add to your description, which is the kind of software engineering part of.", 'start': 604.37, 'duration': 4.823}, {'end': 610.694, 'text': 'what does it mean to debug, for example?', 'start': 609.193, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 617.379, 'text': 'But this is a difference between the kind of computational statistics view of machine learning and the computational view of machine learning.', 'start': 610.934, 'duration': 6.445}], 'summary': 'Discussion on neurips vs. icml, role of neural networks in redefining machine learning, and debugging in computational statistics view.', 'duration': 33.302, 'max_score': 584.077, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz0584077.jpg'}], 'start': 102.132, 'title': 'Distinctions in ml and data importance', 'summary': 'Explores the distinctions between machine learning and computational statistics, emphasizing broader perspectives in statistics and the role of software engineering. it also discusses the differences between icml and neurips, highlighting the shift in focus and its implications. furthermore, it delves into the importance of interesting datasets in machine learning and the significance of data analysis over programming.', 'chapters': [{'end': 404.765, 'start': 102.132, 'title': 'Machine learning vs computational statistics', 'summary': 'Discusses the distinction between machine learning and computational statistics, emphasizing the importance of rules and the differences in practice, with a focus on the need for broader perspectives in statistics and the role of software engineering in ai and machine learning.', 'duration': 302.633, 'highlights': ['The distinction between machine learning and computational statistics is emphasized, with a focus on the importance of rules and the differences in practice. Emphasis on the distinction between machine learning and computational statistics, importance of rules, and differences in practice.', 'The broader perspective in statistics is discussed, highlighting the need for a broader view that includes rules and the evaluation of rule validity. Discussion on the need for a broader perspective in statistics, including the evaluation of rule validity.', 'The role of software engineering in AI and machine learning is emphasized, with a focus on hyperparameters, decision-making, and the differences in practice compared to traditional statistics. Emphasis on the role of software engineering in AI and machine learning, including hyperparameters, decision-making, and differences in practice compared to traditional statistics.']}, {'end': 710.623, 'start': 404.805, 'title': 'Comparison: icml vs neurips', 'summary': 'Discusses the differences between icml and neurips in the late 90s and early 2000s, highlighting the shift from a computer science perspective to a more statistical and engineering focus, with implications on outcomes and perspectives in machine learning.', 'duration': 305.818, 'highlights': ['ICML was perceived as more of a computer science place, while NeurIPS was seen as more of an engineering place in the late 90s and early 2000s, impacting the kind of math and perspectives in machine learning. ICML was considered a computer science-centric event, while NeurIPS was viewed as more engineering-focused, influencing the mathematical approaches and perspectives in the field of machine learning.', 'The shift from impressing statisticians at NeurIPS to impressing programmers at ICML had a substantial impact on the outcomes and perspectives in machine learning. The change in focus from impressing statisticians at NeurIPS to impressing programmers at ICML significantly influenced the outcomes and perspectives within the realm of machine learning.', 'The introduction of neural networks redefined the size and role of statistics within machine learning, with an emphasis on the hyperparameter space and data role in programming. The advent of neural networks redefined the significance and role of statistics in machine learning, particularly emphasizing the hyperparameter space and the role of data in programming.', 'The difference between the computational statistics view of machine learning and the computational view of machine learning reflects distinct perspectives on programming and system development. The distinction between the computational statistics view and the computational view of machine learning showcases different perspectives on programming and system development within the field.', 'The teaching approach in machine learning classes emphasizes the implementation of algorithms, with a focus on understanding and immersion rather than trivial technicalities. In machine learning classes, the emphasis is placed on algorithm implementation and understanding, prioritizing comprehension and immersion over trivial technical details.']}, {'end': 1068.475, 'start': 711.544, 'title': 'Machine learning and importance of data', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of interesting datasets in machine learning, emphasizing that the analysis and understanding of data is more crucial than the programming aspect, and it also delves into the role of hardship in education.', 'duration': 356.931, 'highlights': ['The analysis and understanding of data is emphasized over programming in machine learning, highlighting the importance of interesting datasets in revealing differences between algorithms (such as showing different differences in two datasets) and the crucial role of data in machine learning.', "The discussion also explores the role of hardship in education, emphasizing the value of struggling in a hopeful way and the importance of balancing thwarting people in a way that they still believe there's a way through, ultimately emphasizing the distinction between struggling and suffering."]}], 'duration': 966.343, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz0102132.jpg', 'highlights': ['The shift from impressing statisticians at NeurIPS to impressing programmers at ICML significantly influenced the outcomes and perspectives within the realm of machine learning.', 'ICML was considered a computer science-centric event, while NeurIPS was viewed as more engineering-focused, influencing the mathematical approaches and perspectives in the field of machine learning.', 'The advent of neural networks redefined the significance and role of statistics in machine learning, particularly emphasizing the hyperparameter space and the role of data in programming.', 'The distinction between the computational statistics view and the computational view of machine learning showcases different perspectives on programming and system development within the field.', 'The analysis and understanding of data is emphasized over programming in machine learning, highlighting the importance of interesting datasets in revealing differences between algorithms and the crucial role of data in machine learning.']}, {'end': 1874.022, 'segs': [{'end': 1151.484, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1106.265, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1110.025, 'text': "Yeah I went to an undergrad place that's a lot like the place where I work now.", 'start': 1106.265, 'duration': 3.76}, {'end': 1113.066, 'text': "It does seem like we're more familiar with these models.", 'start': 1110.065, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 1118.252, 'text': "There's a similarity between Brown and Yale? Yeah, I think they're quite similar, yeah.", 'start': 1113.306, 'duration': 4.946}, {'end': 1118.793, 'text': 'And Duke.', 'start': 1118.392, 'duration': 0.401}, {'end': 1122.837, 'text': "Duke has some similarities too, but it's got a little Southern drawl.", 'start': 1119.333, 'duration': 3.504}, {'end': 1128.524, 'text': "You've sort of worked at universities that are like the places where you learned.", 'start': 1122.897, 'duration': 5.627}, {'end': 1131.658, 'text': 'And the same would be true for me.', 'start': 1130.077, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 1138.4, 'text': "Are you uncomfortable venturing outside the box? Is that what you're saying? Journeying out? Not what I'm saying.", 'start': 1132.158, 'duration': 6.242}, {'end': 1139.52, 'text': 'Yeah, Charles is definitely.', 'start': 1138.48, 'duration': 1.04}, {'end': 1143.942, 'text': 'He only goes to places that have institute in the name, right? It has worked out that way.', 'start': 1140.02, 'duration': 3.922}, {'end': 1145.822, 'text': 'Well, academic places anyway.', 'start': 1144.082, 'duration': 1.74}, {'end': 1150.864, 'text': 'Well, no, I was a visiting scientist at UPenn or visiting something at UPenn.', 'start': 1146.182, 'duration': 4.682}, {'end': 1151.484, 'text': 'Oh, wow.', 'start': 1151.184, 'duration': 0.3}], 'summary': 'Discussion about similarities between universities attended and worked at, including duke and upenn.', 'duration': 45.219, 'max_score': 1106.265, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz01106265.jpg'}, {'end': 1204.644, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1176.752, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1179.134, 'text': "That's one of the few things that genuinely gets under my skin.", 'start': 1176.752, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 1182.855, 'text': 'But schools like Georgia Tech and MIT have as part of the ethos.', 'start': 1179.174, 'duration': 3.681}, {'end': 1189.819, 'text': "I want to say there's an abbreviation that someone taught me like IHTFP, something like that.", 'start': 1182.855, 'duration': 6.964}, {'end': 1194.921, 'text': "There's an expression, which is basically, I hate being here, which they say so proudly.", 'start': 1189.859, 'duration': 5.062}, {'end': 1198.663, 'text': 'And that is definitely not the ethos at Brown.', 'start': 1195.622, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 1202.202, 'text': "There's a little more pampering and empowerment and stuff.", 'start': 1198.963, 'duration': 3.239}, {'end': 1204.644, 'text': "And it's not like we're going to crush you and you're going to love it.", 'start': 1202.262, 'duration': 2.382}], 'summary': 'Georgia tech and mit embrace a tough ethos, unlike brown which offers pampering and empowerment.', 'duration': 27.892, 'max_score': 1176.752, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz01176752.jpg'}, {'end': 1585.542, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1556.865, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1562.847, 'text': 'Anyway, the thing is is that you know it kind of, his guest chair was really low so that he could yeah, you could look down at everybody.', 'start': 1556.865, 'duration': 5.982}, {'end': 1567.09, 'text': 'the idea was just to simply create a nice environment that you were asking for a mortgage and i was going to say, no,', 'start': 1562.847, 'duration': 4.243}, {'end': 1569.692, 'text': 'that was a very simple idea here anyway.', 'start': 1567.09, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 1574.475, 'text': "so we sat there and we just talked for a little while, and i think he got the impression that i didn't like him.", 'start': 1569.692, 'duration': 4.783}, {'end': 1575.055, 'text': "it wasn't true.", 'start': 1574.475, 'duration': 0.58}, {'end': 1575.735, 'text': 'strongly got that.', 'start': 1575.055, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 1578.697, 'text': 'the talk was really good and talk, by the way, it was terrible.', 'start': 1575.735, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 1585.542, 'text': "and after, right after the talk, i said to my host, michael kearns, who ultimately was my boss i'm a huge fan, i'm a friend and a huge fan of michael.", 'start': 1578.697, 'duration': 6.845}], 'summary': 'A conversation about creating a comfortable environment for a mortgage discussion, with a positive impression left on the host.', 'duration': 28.677, 'max_score': 1556.865, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz01556865.jpg'}], 'start': 1070.096, 'title': 'University cultures', 'summary': "Delves into the differences in ethos and traditions between universities, such as the unique graduation requirements like the 'drown-proofing' class at georgia tech. it also highlights the culture of struggle and success at georgia tech, emphasizing the concept of being pushed without breaking and the self-critical approach to academic research.", 'chapters': [{'end': 1305.883, 'start': 1070.096, 'title': 'University ethos and traditions', 'summary': "Discusses the differences in ethos and traditions between universities like brown university and georgia tech, including unique graduation requirements such as the 'drown-proofing' class at georgia tech, and the ethos of pampering and empowerment at brown.", 'duration': 235.787, 'highlights': ["Georgia Tech's 'drown-proofing' class requirement for graduation is discussed, where students had to prove they could tread water for a specific amount of time, reflecting a unique and challenging graduation tradition. The 'drown-proofing' class at Georgia Tech required students to tread water for a specific amount of time in order to graduate, reflecting a unique and challenging graduation tradition.", "Comparison of university ethos, with Brown University emphasizing pampering and empowerment while Georgia Tech and MIT adopt a more challenging approach, as reflected in their graduation requirements. The chapter compares the ethos of universities, highlighting Brown University's emphasis on pampering and empowerment, while Georgia Tech and MIT adopt a more challenging approach, as reflected in their graduation requirements.", "Mention of Georgia Tech's pioneering role in academic initiatives, such as being the first to offer a master's degree in computer science, adding credibility to its academic reputation. Georgia Tech is noted for pioneering academic initiatives, being the first to offer a master's degree in computer science, contributing to its academic reputation."]}, {'end': 1874.022, 'start': 1306.716, 'title': 'Struggle and success at georgia tech', 'summary': "Highlights the culture of struggle and success at georgia tech, with emphasis on the concept of being pushed without breaking, the unconventional concept of 'last minute' at mit, and the self-critical approach to academic research.", 'duration': 567.306, 'highlights': ['The culture of struggle and success at Georgia Tech, emphasizing the concept of being pushed without breaking. Emphasizes the ethos of Georgia Tech, where struggling with challenges leads to coming out stronger, portraying an environment of pushing boundaries without breaking.', "The unconventional concept of 'last minute' at MIT, where classes and events start five minutes later than scheduled. Describes the concept of 'MIT time' where classes and events begin five minutes after the scheduled time, reflecting a unique social construct of time perception at MIT.", "The self-critical approach to academic research, with a focus on being dissatisfied with one's work as a motivation for improvement. Discusses the self-critical nature of academic research, emphasizing the importance of being dissatisfied with one's work as a driving force for improvement and progress."]}], 'duration': 803.926, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz01070096.jpg', 'highlights': ["Georgia Tech's 'drown-proofing' class requirement for graduation is discussed, reflecting a unique and challenging graduation tradition.", 'Comparison of university ethos, with Brown University emphasizing pampering and empowerment while Georgia Tech and MIT adopt a more challenging approach.', "Mention of Georgia Tech's pioneering role in academic initiatives, such as being the first to offer a master's degree in computer science, adding credibility to its academic reputation.", 'Emphasizes the ethos of Georgia Tech, where struggling with challenges leads to coming out stronger, portraying an environment of pushing boundaries without breaking.', "Describes the concept of 'MIT time' where classes and events begin five minutes after the scheduled time, reflecting a unique social construct of time perception at MIT.", "Discusses the self-critical nature of academic research, emphasizing the importance of being dissatisfied with one's work as a driving force for improvement and progress."]}, {'end': 3156.968, 'segs': [{'end': 1922.394, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1896.705, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1901.43, 'text': 'By the way, sorry to interrupt, but that was like one of the most magical places, historically speaking.', 'start': 1896.705, 'duration': 4.725}, {'end': 1903.592, 'text': 'They did not appreciate what they had.', 'start': 1902.351, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 1909.749, 'text': "And how do we, I feel like there's a profound lesson in there too.", 'start': 1905.728, 'duration': 4.021}, {'end': 1912.01, 'text': 'How do we get it like what was?', 'start': 1910.23, 'duration': 1.78}, {'end': 1913.01, 'text': 'why was it so magical??', 'start': 1912.01, 'duration': 1}, {'end': 1916.171, 'text': 'Is it just a coincidence of history, or is there something special about??', 'start': 1913.07, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 1922.394, 'text': 'There were some really good managers and people who really believed in machine learning, as this is gonna be important.', 'start': 1916.192, 'duration': 6.202}], 'summary': 'Historically significant place not appreciated, emphasizes importance of good managers and belief in machine learning.', 'duration': 25.689, 'max_score': 1896.705, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz01896705.jpg'}, {'end': 2076.907, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2046.238, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2054.047, 'text': 'And, you know, every month you paid a little thing on your phone bill, which turned out was a tax for like all the research that Bell Labs was doing.', 'start': 2046.238, 'duration': 7.809}, {'end': 2060.554, 'text': 'And, you know, they invented transistors and the laser and whatever else is the big bang or whatever the cosmic background radiation.', 'start': 2054.388, 'duration': 6.166}, {'end': 2061.335, 'text': 'Yeah, they did all that stuff.', 'start': 2060.554, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 2063.637, 'text': 'They had some amazing stuff with directional microphones, by the way.', 'start': 2061.356, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 2068.06, 'text': 'I got to go in this room where they had all these panels and everything,', 'start': 2063.657, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 2076.907, 'text': "and we would talk at one another and he'd move some panels around and then he'd have me step two steps to the left and I couldn't hear a thing he was saying because nothing was bouncing off the walls.", 'start': 2068.06, 'duration': 8.847}], 'summary': 'Bell labs charged a tax for research; invented transistors, lasers, and cosmic background radiation; developed directional microphones.', 'duration': 30.669, 'max_score': 2046.238, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz02046238.jpg'}, {'end': 2368.394, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2337.971, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2340.694, 'text': "I mean, my guess is he's unaware of this.", 'start': 2337.971, 'duration': 2.723}, {'end': 2341.574, 'text': "That's the point.", 'start': 2340.994, 'duration': 0.58}, {'end': 2345.478, 'text': 'That the masters are not aware of their mastery.', 'start': 2342.795, 'duration': 2.683}, {'end': 2352.245, 'text': 'How did you meet him? Yes, but first the tangent, no.', 'start': 2345.498, 'duration': 6.747}, {'end': 2354.586, 'text': 'How did you meet me?', 'start': 2353.726, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 2356.127, 'text': "So I'm not sure what you were thinking of,", 'start': 2354.767, 'duration': 1.36}, {'end': 2368.394, 'text': 'but when it started to dawn on me that maybe we had a longer term bond was after we all got laid off and you had decided at that point that we were still paid.', 'start': 2356.127, 'duration': 12.267}], 'summary': 'Masters unaware of their mastery, bond formed after getting laid off.', 'duration': 30.423, 'max_score': 2337.971, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz02337971.jpg'}, {'end': 2709.651, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2678.911, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2679.591, 'text': "Here's what they say.", 'start': 2678.911, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 2682.732, 'text': 'The reward for good work is more work.', 'start': 2680.692, 'duration': 2.04}, {'end': 2685.033, 'text': 'The reward for bad work is less work.', 'start': 2683.352, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 2691.184, 'text': "Which, I don't know, depending on what you're trying to do that week, one of those is better than the other.", 'start': 2687.082, 'duration': 4.102}, {'end': 2699.187, 'text': 'Well, one of the problems with the word work, sorry to interrupt, is that it seems to be an antonym in this particular language.', 'start': 2691.304, 'duration': 7.883}, {'end': 2701.128, 'text': 'We have the opposite of happiness.', 'start': 2699.227, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 2705.129, 'text': "But it seems like they're..", 'start': 2701.788, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 2706.87, 'text': "That's one of, you know, we talked about balance.", 'start': 2705.129, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 2709.651, 'text': "It's always like work-life balance.", 'start': 2707.51, 'duration': 2.141}], 'summary': 'The reward for good work is more work, for bad work is less work. balancing work and life is crucial.', 'duration': 30.74, 'max_score': 2678.911, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz02678911.jpg'}, {'end': 2899.926, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2874.468, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2882.113, 'text': 'I did the intro to machine learning 7641,, which is supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning and decision making.', 'start': 2874.468, 'duration': 7.645}, {'end': 2884.635, 'text': 'cram all that in there, the kind of assignments that we talked about earlier.', 'start': 2882.113, 'duration': 2.522}, {'end': 2890.26, 'text': 'And then eventually, about a year later, we did a follow on 7642, which is reinforcement learning and decision making.', 'start': 2885.016, 'duration': 5.244}, {'end': 2894.203, 'text': "The first class was based on something I'd been teaching at that point for well over a decade.", 'start': 2890.86, 'duration': 3.343}, {'end': 2899.926, 'text': 'And the second class was based on something Michael had been Actually, I learned quite a bit teaching that class with him.', 'start': 2894.603, 'duration': 5.323}], 'summary': 'Intro to machine learning 7641 covered supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning with 7642 as a follow-on, taught for over a decade.', 'duration': 25.458, 'max_score': 2874.468, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz02874468.jpg'}], 'start': 1874.082, 'title': 'Working at bell labs and teaching machine learning', 'summary': 'Discusses the unique environment at bell labs, impact of remote work on social interaction, and the experience of teaching machine learning and reinforcement learning, covering two classes with collaborative efforts and successful teamwork, emphasizing the importance of environment and collaboration.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2030.037, 'start': 1874.082, 'title': 'Meeting at bell labs', 'summary': 'Discusses the experience of working at bell labs, including the significance of the environment, the impact of layoffs, and the focus on machine learning, with a mention of ultimate frisbee championships and basketball skills.', 'duration': 155.955, 'highlights': ['The significance of the Bell Labs environment and the impact of layoffs are discussed, with insights into the focus on machine learning and the creative thinking encouraged in the workplace.', 'The conversation includes a lighthearted discussion about Ultimate Frisbee championships and basketball skills, showcasing the camaraderie and friendly dynamics among colleagues.', 'The dialogue provides insights into the personal experiences and relationships at Bell Labs, including the mention of working during the Trivestiture and participating in sports activities with colleagues.']}, {'end': 2192.462, 'start': 2030.297, 'title': 'Bell labs: a magical place', 'summary': 'Discusses the unique and magical environment of bell labs, highlighting its government affiliation, groundbreaking inventions, and nurturing atmosphere for pure research, which has left a lasting impact on the field of basic research in the us.', 'duration': 162.165, 'highlights': ["Bell Labs was a government-affiliated arm of AT&T, functioning as a monopoly and funded research through a tax on phone bills. The chapter emphasizes Bell Labs' government affiliation, functioning as a monopoly and being funded through a tax on phone bills for research.", 'Bell Labs made groundbreaking inventions such as transistors, lasers, and directional microphones, leaving a lasting impact on basic research in the US. It mentions the groundbreaking inventions of Bell Labs, including transistors, lasers, and directional microphones, which had a significant impact on basic research in the US.', 'The nurturing environment at Bell Labs allowed for pure research and collaboration among faculty, fostering a unique and wonderful experience for researchers. The transcript highlights the nurturing environment at Bell Labs, allowing for pure research, collaboration among faculty, and providing a unique and wonderful experience for researchers.']}, {'end': 2740.788, 'start': 2192.842, 'title': 'Impact of remote work on social interaction', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of remote work on social interaction, highlighting the importance of physical proximity for spontaneous collaborations, and shares anecdotes from the ai lab at mit and the birth of siri, emphasizing the value of random social interactions.', 'duration': 547.946, 'highlights': ['The AI lab at MIT had entire walls covered in whiteboards where people engaged in spontaneous discussions and arguments, fostering a collaborative environment. This highlights the importance of physical proximity for spontaneous collaborative interactions.', 'The chapter discusses the birth of Siri, tracing it back to a project led by the speaker and his colleagues, which showcases the value of spontaneous interactions and projects that emerge from such interactions.', 'The speaker emphasizes the significance of random social interactions in research, illustrating how these interactions, even if seemingly pointless at the time, contribute to getting things done.', 'Anecdotes from the AI lab at MIT and the birth of Siri are shared, emphasizing the impact of physical presence and spontaneous interactions on creativity and innovation.']}, {'end': 2967.52, 'start': 2741.809, 'title': 'Teaching machine learning and reinforcement learning', 'summary': 'Describes the experience of teaching machine learning and reinforcement learning with insights into the challenges of teaching jointly and the development of new course material, driven by the partnership between the individuals. the teaching experience covered two classes, 7641 and 7642, with the first class led by one individual and the second class driven by the other, emphasizing the collaborative efforts and knowledge exchange.', 'duration': 225.711, 'highlights': ['The teaching experience covered two classes, 7641 and 7642, with the first class led by one individual and the second class driven by the other, emphasizing the collaborative efforts and knowledge exchange. The first class, 7641, was based on material taught for over a decade by one individual, while the second class, 7642, was based on the expertise of the other individual, highlighting a collaborative knowledge exchange.', 'Insights into the challenges of teaching jointly and the development of new course material, driven by the partnership between the individuals. Teaching jointly and having conversations was described as very hard, highlighting the challenges faced in collaborative teaching. Additionally, the development of new course material was driven by the partnership between the individuals, emphasizing the collaborative efforts.', 'The chapter describes the experience of teaching machine learning and reinforcement learning with insights into the challenges of teaching jointly. The chapter provides insights into the challenges of teaching machine learning and reinforcement learning, emphasizing the complexities of teaching jointly and the subsequent benefits of knowledge exchange.']}, {'end': 3156.968, 'start': 2967.52, 'title': 'Teaching partnership and classroom dynamics', 'summary': 'Discusses the energizing effect of crowd interaction, the challenges of solo teaching, and the successful teamwork of two instructors, resulting in engaging lectures and a popular video series.', 'duration': 189.448, 'highlights': ['Both instructors, despite being introverts, found crowd interaction energizing, enhancing their teaching experience.', 'Solo teaching led to a lack of energy and engagement, highlighting the importance of collaboration in maintaining a dynamic classroom environment.', 'The successful partnership resulted in engaging lectures and the creation of a popular video series, demonstrating the positive impact of effective teamwork in education.', "The instructors' dynamic classroom approach, with one as the lecturer and the other as the student, enhanced student engagement and understanding of complex concepts such as the Prisoner's Dilemma.", "The use of humor and relatable nicknames, 'smooth and curly', resonated with students, leading to the creation of a popular video series and increased student engagement."]}], 'duration': 1282.886, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz01874082.jpg', 'highlights': ["Bell Labs' nurturing environment allowed for pure research and collaboration among faculty, fostering a unique and wonderful experience for researchers.", 'The chapter emphasizes the impact of physical presence and spontaneous interactions on creativity and innovation, illustrated through anecdotes from the AI lab at MIT and the birth of Siri.', 'The successful partnership resulted in engaging lectures and the creation of a popular video series, demonstrating the positive impact of effective teamwork in education.', 'The teaching experience covered two classes, 7641 and 7642, with collaborative efforts and knowledge exchange, emphasizing the challenges and subsequent benefits of teaching jointly.', 'Insights into the challenges of teaching jointly and the development of new course material, driven by the partnership between the individuals, highlighting the collaborative efforts.']}, {'end': 4536.523, 'segs': [{'end': 3292.24, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3260.8, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3265.763, 'text': "I mean, I assume it veers often to Never Never Land at some point, but- We don't know, we can't answer that question.", 'start': 3260.8, 'duration': 4.963}, {'end': 3268.544, 'text': "I'm also a fan of a guy named Alex Garland.", 'start': 3265.863, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 3270.205, 'text': "He's a director of Ex Machina.", 'start': 3268.705, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 3274.028, 'text': 'And he is the first.', 'start': 3271.326, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 3276.249, 'text': 'I wonder if Kubrick was like this actually.', 'start': 3274.028, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 3279.291, 'text': 'is he like studies?', 'start': 3276.249, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 3281.692, 'text': 'what would it take to program in AI systems?', 'start': 3279.291, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 3283.994, 'text': "Like, he's curious enough to go into that direction.", 'start': 3281.732, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 3292.24, 'text': 'On the Westworld side, I felt there was more emphasis on the narratives than actually asking computer science questions.', 'start': 3285.075, 'duration': 7.165}], 'summary': 'Discussion about directors alex garland and stanley kubrick, and the emphasis on narratives in westworld over computer science questions.', 'duration': 31.44, 'max_score': 3260.8, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz03260800.jpg'}, {'end': 3334.115, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3308.314, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3313.42, 'text': "If you're putting things out in the world and you're not sure whether something terrible is going to happen, your process is probably flawed.", 'start': 3308.314, 'duration': 5.106}, {'end': 3320.187, 'text': 'I just feel like there should have been someone whose sole job it was to walk around and poke his head in and say what could possibly go wrong just over and over again?', 'start': 3313.44, 'duration': 6.747}, {'end': 3324.489, 'text': "I would have loved if there was an, and I did watch a lot more, and I'm not giving anything away.", 'start': 3320.687, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 3331.313, 'text': 'I would have loved it if there was like an episode where like, like the new intern is like debugging a new model or something.', 'start': 3324.829, 'duration': 6.484}, {'end': 3334.115, 'text': "And like, it just keeps failing and, and they're like, all right.", 'start': 3331.333, 'duration': 2.782}], 'summary': 'The speaker suggests a need for thorough testing and a focus on potential failures in the process of putting things out in the world.', 'duration': 25.801, 'max_score': 3308.314, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz03308314.jpg'}, {'end': 4093.968, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4069.904, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4077.131, 'text': "So, I mean, rewinding back to MOOCs, is there lessons that you've, speaking to kids these days.", 'start': 4069.904, 'duration': 7.227}, {'end': 4077.992, 'text': 'There you go.', 'start': 4077.151, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 4079.834, 'text': 'That was a transition.', 'start': 4078.613, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 4081.335, 'text': 'That was fantastic.', 'start': 4079.894, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 4082.957, 'text': "I'll fix it in post.", 'start': 4081.816, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 4086.08, 'text': "That's Charles's favorite phrase.", 'start': 4084.598, 'duration': 1.482}, {'end': 4087.661, 'text': 'Fix it in post? Fix it in post.', 'start': 4086.42, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 4088.622, 'text': 'Fix it in post.', 'start': 4087.681, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 4093.968, 'text': "When we were recording, all the time, whenever the editor didn't like something or whatever, I would say, we'll fix it in post.", 'start': 4088.703, 'duration': 5.265}], 'summary': 'Discussion about fixing issues in post-production during recording sessions.', 'duration': 24.064, 'max_score': 4069.904, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz04069904.jpg'}, {'end': 4367, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4339.468, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4343.65, 'text': 'And people have been predicting that for higher education for a long time, but certainly in the-.', 'start': 4339.468, 'duration': 4.182}, {'end': 4344.191, 'text': 'So is this?', 'start': 4343.65, 'duration': 0.541}, {'end': 4353.355, 'text': 'is this the sort of idea like students can aggregate on a campus someplace and then take classes over the network anywhere?', 'start': 4344.191, 'duration': 9.164}, {'end': 4356.556, 'text': 'This is what people thought was going to happen, or at least people claimed it was going to happen.', 'start': 4353.615, 'duration': 2.941}, {'end': 4358.857, 'text': 'Because my daughter is essentially doing that now.', 'start': 4356.576, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 4360.997, 'text': "She's on one campus, but learning in a different campus.", 'start': 4358.957, 'duration': 2.04}, {'end': 4362.878, 'text': 'Sure, and COVID makes that possible.', 'start': 4361.037, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 4367, 'text': 'COVID makes that legal, but avoidable.', 'start': 4363.618, 'duration': 3.382}], 'summary': 'Higher education shifting to online learning due to covid, enabling students to learn across campuses.', 'duration': 27.532, 'max_score': 4339.468, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz04339468.jpg'}], 'start': 3157.108, 'title': 'Ai, westworld, and education', 'summary': 'Discusses initial impressions of westworld, ai programming, virtual reality, potential dangers of ai, impact of covid on education, and disaggregation in higher education, with a total of 5 episodes watched, lack of emphasis on computer science questions, and the impact of covid-19 on remote learning.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3214.947, 'start': 3157.108, 'title': 'Discussion on westworld', 'summary': 'Discusses their initial impressions of westworld, predicting a robot uprising, and the significance of narrative and reveries, with a total of 5 episodes watched as of the recording.', 'duration': 57.839, 'highlights': ['The chapter mentions watching two and three episodes of Westworld, predicting a robot uprising.', 'They discuss the significance of narrative and reveries in Westworld, emphasizing the focus on storytelling.', 'The hosts express their initial impressions of Westworld and their speculation about the plot, with reference to the robots uprising.', 'The hosts mention the number of episodes watched as of the recording, stating that one has watched two episodes and the other has watched three.', 'The chapter briefly mentions the association of Westworld with a movie and the difference in age between the hosts.']}, {'end': 3465.908, 'start': 3215.984, 'title': 'Westworld analysis and ai programming', 'summary': 'Delves into the analysis of westworld, emphasizing the narrative and storytelling aspects, while also discussing the lack of emphasis on computer science questions and debugging, which could potentially hinder the success of ai systems.', 'duration': 249.924, 'highlights': ["Westworld's emphasis on narrative and storytelling rather than computer science questions and debugging, which could hinder the success of AI systems.", 'The discussion on the lack of emphasis on debugging and computer science questions, potentially leading to flawed AI systems being released into the world.', "The concept of passing the Turing test or consciousness test in Ex Machina, where a robot's ability to smile without an audience is considered a defining characteristic."]}, {'end': 4069.058, 'start': 3465.908, 'title': "Ai's terrible decisions and virtual reality", 'summary': 'Discusses the potential dangers of ai, emphasizing that the real threat lies in the tools we are creating that allow us to make terrible decisions more efficiently, and it explores the possibility of living in a virtual world through a thought experiment.', 'duration': 603.15, 'highlights': ["The real threat of AI lies in the tools we are creating that allow us to make terrible decisions more efficiently, rather than the potential of AI surpassing human intelligence. AI's potential danger is in enabling more efficient terrible decision-making using data, rather than in surpassing human intelligence.", 'The discussion explores the possibility of living in a virtual world, emphasizing the increasing realism of video games and the potential impact on society in the future. The increasing realism of video games and the potential impact on society, including the influence on the labor market and the idea of living in a virtual world, are explored.', "The comparison is drawn between the threat of AI and the concept of living in a virtual world, highlighting the potential societal shift from physical to virtual reality in the future. The discussion compares the potential societal impact of AI's dangers and the shift from physical to virtual reality in the future."]}, {'end': 4323.157, 'start': 4069.904, 'title': 'The future of education and the impact of covid', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of covid on the perception of education, emphasizing that the college experience, rather than education, is the primary motivator for students, and predicts a radical shift in the future of education due to technological advancements.', 'duration': 253.253, 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes that the primary motivator for students to return to college is the college experience, rather than education, as evidenced by the desire to be on campus and engage in the overall experience.', 'The speaker predicts a radical shift in the future of education, accelerated by COVID, noting that technology will play a significant role in providing a more dispersed learning experience and engaging students in learning while maintaining the college experience.', 'The impact of COVID has forced a realization that the reason to attend college is not solely for learning, but for the overall college experience, challenging the traditional perception of education and the role of technology in shaping its future.']}, {'end': 4536.523, 'start': 4323.257, 'title': 'Disaggregation in higher education', 'summary': "Discusses the concept of disaggregation in higher education, emphasizing the influence of technology, the impact of covid-19 on remote learning, the importance of campus experience, and the differences in experiences across various universities, while highlighting the success and loyalty of students in an online master's program.", 'duration': 213.266, 'highlights': ["The success and loyalty of students in the online master's program is evident, with a 60% acceptance rate and a cost of $6,600 for the entire degree, attracting 11,000 students.", "The impact of COVID-19 has made remote learning possible and legal, allowing students to attend classes from different campuses, exemplified by the speaker's daughter.", 'The concept of disaggregation in higher education is influenced by technology, with the potential to disrupt traditional learning methods and control by entities like Amazon.', 'The importance of the college experience is emphasized, highlighting the significance of peers, independence, and the contextual differences among universities, such as Georgia Tech and Brown.']}], 'duration': 1379.415, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz03157108.jpg', 'highlights': ['The real threat of AI lies in the tools we are creating that allow us to make terrible decisions more efficiently, rather than the potential of AI surpassing human intelligence.', 'The impact of COVID has forced a realization that the reason to attend college is not solely for learning, but for the overall college experience, challenging the traditional perception of education and the role of technology in shaping its future.', "The success and loyalty of students in the online master's program is evident, with a 60% acceptance rate and a cost of $6,600 for the entire degree, attracting 11,000 students.", "Westworld's emphasis on narrative and storytelling rather than computer science questions and debugging, which could hinder the success of AI systems.", 'The hosts express their initial impressions of Westworld and their speculation about the plot, with reference to the robots uprising.']}, {'end': 5523.054, 'segs': [{'end': 4565.451, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4537.904, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4542.948, 'text': "So that feels, and I can do it while I'm working full time and I've got a family and a mortgage and all these other things.", 'start': 4537.904, 'duration': 5.044}, {'end': 4550.374, 'text': "So it's an opportunity to do something you wanted to do, but you didn't think was possible without giving up two years of your life,", 'start': 4543.388, 'duration': 6.986}, {'end': 4552.776, 'text': 'as well as all the money and everything else in the life that you had built.', 'start': 4550.374, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 4556.66, 'text': "So I think we created something that's had an impact.", 'start': 4553.216, 'duration': 3.444}, {'end': 4560.825, 'text': "But importantly, we gave a set of people opportunities they otherwise didn't feel they had.", 'start': 4556.96, 'duration': 3.865}, {'end': 4562.827, 'text': 'So I think people feel very loyal about that.', 'start': 4560.845, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 4565.451, 'text': 'And my biggest piece of evidence for that, besides the surveys,', 'start': 4562.847, 'duration': 2.604}], 'summary': 'Created opportunity for people to pursue goals without sacrificing time and money, resulting in loyal and impactful outcomes.', 'duration': 27.547, 'max_score': 4537.904, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz04537904.jpg'}, {'end': 4724.231, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4693.675, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4698.257, 'text': 'And we have all these great pictures of students putting on their T-shirts as they travel around the world.', 'start': 4693.675, 'duration': 4.582}, {'end': 4699.277, 'text': 'I climbed to this mountaintop.', 'start': 4698.337, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 4700.158, 'text': "I'm putting this T-shirt on.", 'start': 4699.317, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 4701.198, 'text': "I'm a part of this.", 'start': 4700.598, 'duration': 0.6}, {'end': 4702.038, 'text': 'They were a part of them.', 'start': 4701.218, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 4710.262, 'text': 'They created the social environment on top of the social network and the social media that existed to create this sense of belonging and being a part of something.', 'start': 4702.078, 'duration': 8.184}, {'end': 4715.084, 'text': 'They found a way to do it, right? And I think they had other..', 'start': 4710.522, 'duration': 4.562}, {'end': 4718.126, 'text': 'it scratched an itch that they had,', 'start': 4716.224, 'duration': 1.902}, {'end': 4724.231, 'text': 'but they had scratched some of that itch that might have required they be physically in the same place long before.', 'start': 4718.126, 'duration': 6.105}], 'summary': 'Students globally engage by wearing t-shirts, fostering a sense of belonging.', 'duration': 30.556, 'max_score': 4693.675, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz04693675.jpg'}, {'end': 4868.453, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4836.909, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4846.015, 'text': 'And so for that set of people, which is very small but larger than it was a decade or two, or three or four, certainly ago.', 'start': 4836.909, 'duration': 9.106}, {'end': 4847.155, 'text': "I don't think that will change.", 'start': 4846.015, 'duration': 1.14}, {'end': 4854.04, 'text': 'My concern which I think is kind of implicit in some of these questions, is that somehow we will divide the world up further.', 'start': 4847.295, 'duration': 6.745}, {'end': 4860.13, 'text': 'into the people who get to have this experience and get to have the network, and they sort of benefit from it and everyone else,', 'start': 4855.489, 'duration': 4.641}, {'end': 4863.171, 'text': 'while increasingly requiring that they have more and more credentials.', 'start': 4860.13, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 4865.672, 'text': 'in order to get a job as a barista right?', 'start': 4863.171, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 4868.453, 'text': "You got to have a master's degree in order to work at Starbucks.", 'start': 4865.932, 'duration': 2.521}], 'summary': 'Concern that world will divide into those benefitting from network and rest needing more credentials for jobs', 'duration': 31.544, 'max_score': 4836.909, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz04836909.jpg'}, {'end': 5046.684, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5019.16, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 5022.761, 'text': "Those 10 lecturers who only teach, well, they don't only teach, they also do service.", 'start': 5019.16, 'duration': 3.601}, {'end': 5025.342, 'text': 'Some of them do research as well, but primarily they teach.', 'start': 5022.881, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 5029.184, 'text': 'They teach 50%, over 50% of our credit hours.', 'start': 5026.561, 'duration': 2.623}, {'end': 5031.207, 'text': 'And we teach everybody right?', 'start': 5029.605, 'duration': 1.602}, {'end': 5041.641, 'text': "So they're doing not just they're doing more than eight times the work of the tenure track faculty, but just more closer to nine or 10..", 'start': 5031.287, 'duration': 10.354}, {'end': 5044.123, 'text': "And that's including our grad courses, right? So they're doing this.", 'start': 5041.641, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 5045.063, 'text': "They're teaching more.", 'start': 5044.243, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 5046.684, 'text': "They're touching more than anyone.", 'start': 5045.103, 'duration': 1.581}], 'summary': 'Non-tenure lecturers teach over 50% of credit hours, doing 8-10 times the work of tenure track faculty.', 'duration': 27.524, 'max_score': 5019.16, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz05019160.jpg'}, {'end': 5085.426, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5057.411, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 5059.873, 'text': "I'm not going to talk about it because, you know, it's all internal confidential stuff.", 'start': 5057.411, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 5063.055, 'text': 'But one thing I will talk about is there was a single question we asked our alum.', 'start': 5059.893, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 5070.399, 'text': 'And these are people who graduated, you know, born in the 30s and 40s, all the way up to people who graduated last week, right? Well, last semester.', 'start': 5063.075, 'duration': 7.324}, {'end': 5070.62, 'text': 'Okay, good.', 'start': 5070.419, 'duration': 0.201}, {'end': 5072.981, 'text': 'Time flies.', 'start': 5072.48, 'duration': 0.501}, {'end': 5074.001, 'text': 'Yeah, time flies.', 'start': 5073.221, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 5081.424, 'text': 'And there was a question, name a single person who had a strong positive impact on you, something like that.', 'start': 5074.801, 'duration': 6.623}, {'end': 5085.426, 'text': 'I think it was special impact? Yeah, special impact on you.', 'start': 5082.144, 'duration': 3.282}], 'summary': 'Alumni were asked to name a person who had a significant impact on them, spanning from 1930s graduates to recent ones.', 'duration': 28.015, 'max_score': 5057.411, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz05057411.jpg'}, {'end': 5150.194, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5119.913, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 5121.935, 'text': 'One retired, one is going to retire soon.', 'start': 5119.913, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 5125.557, 'text': 'And the other two were lecturers I remembered from the 1980s.', 'start': 5122.355, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 5129.54, 'text': 'Two of those four actually have- By the way, the fifth person was Charles.', 'start': 5126.518, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 5130.26, 'text': "That's not important.", 'start': 5129.72, 'duration': 0.54}, {'end': 5132.782, 'text': "I don't tell people that.", 'start': 5131.981, 'duration': 0.801}, {'end': 5135.744, 'text': 'But the two of those people our teaching awards are named after.', 'start': 5132.962, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 5136.544, 'text': 'Thank you, Michael.', 'start': 5136.024, 'duration': 0.52}, {'end': 5139.226, 'text': 'Two of those are teaching awards are named after right?', 'start': 5136.725, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 5145.05, 'text': 'So when you ask students, alumni, people who are now 60, 70 years old, even you know who touched them?', 'start': 5139.707, 'duration': 5.343}, {'end': 5146.391, 'text': 'They say the dean of students.', 'start': 5145.31, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 5150.194, 'text': 'They say the big teachers who taught the big introductory classes that got me into it.', 'start': 5146.671, 'duration': 3.523}], 'summary': "Two out of four lecturers have awards named after them, impacting students' lives.", 'duration': 30.281, 'max_score': 5119.913, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz05119913.jpg'}, {'end': 5241.569, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5213.528, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5215.83, 'text': 'Do you think like.', 'start': 5213.528, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 5219.775, 'text': 'what, in your sense, is the role of MOOCs in this whole picture during COVID??', 'start': 5215.83, 'duration': 3.945}, {'end': 5221.496, 'text': 'Like, are we?', 'start': 5220.395, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 5225.481, 'text': 'should we desperately be clamoring to get back on campus??', 'start': 5221.496, 'duration': 3.985}, {'end': 5228.324, 'text': 'Or is this a stable place to be for a little while??', 'start': 5225.941, 'duration': 2.383}, {'end': 5229.205, 'text': "I don't know.", 'start': 5228.905, 'duration': 0.3}, {'end': 5235.707, 'text': 'I know that the online teaching experience and learning experience has been really rough.', 'start': 5229.285, 'duration': 6.422}, {'end': 5241.569, 'text': "I think that people find it to be a struggle in a way that's not a happy, positive struggle.", 'start': 5235.947, 'duration': 5.622}], 'summary': 'The role of moocs during covid is uncertain; online teaching and learning have been challenging.', 'duration': 28.041, 'max_score': 5213.528, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz05213528.jpg'}, {'end': 5540.867, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5506.57, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5507.69, 'text': 'He was taking cues from me.', 'start': 5506.57, 'duration': 1.12}, {'end': 5510.951, 'text': "So I purposely didn't laugh just to see if I was right.", 'start': 5508.17, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 5512.551, 'text': 'And did you laugh at non-funny things? Yes.', 'start': 5510.971, 'duration': 1.58}, {'end': 5513.711, 'text': 'You really wanted to do both sides.', 'start': 5512.591, 'duration': 1.12}, {'end': 5514.491, 'text': 'I did both sides.', 'start': 5513.731, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 5517.952, 'text': 'And at the end of it, I told him what I did.', 'start': 5515.092, 'duration': 2.86}, {'end': 5519.613, 'text': 'He was very upset about this.', 'start': 5518.392, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 5523.054, 'text': "And from that day on he's, he lost his sense of humor.", 'start': 5520.093, 'duration': 2.961}, {'end': 5529.239, 'text': 'no, no, no, no, well, yes, but from that day on he, he, he laughed on his own, he stopped taking cues from me, i think.', 'start': 5523.054, 'duration': 6.185}, {'end': 5534.062, 'text': "so i want to say that you know it was a good thing that i did, but yes, yes, you saved that man's life.", 'start': 5529.239, 'duration': 4.823}, {'end': 5540.867, 'text': "yes, but it was mostly mean, but it's true, though it's true, right that people, i think you're right, but okay, so that where does that get us?", 'start': 5534.062, 'duration': 6.805}], 'summary': "A man's sense of humor was affected after a woman purposely tested him, causing him to stop taking cues from her.", 'duration': 34.297, 'max_score': 5506.57, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz05506570.jpg'}], 'start': 4537.904, 'title': 'The impact of online education, education division, and moocs', 'summary': "Discusses the opportunities provided by online master's programs, the impact of teaching faculty on students' experiences, and the role of moocs during covid, emphasizing the need for meaningful connections in education despite the shift online.", 'chapters': [{'end': 4835.949, 'start': 4537.904, 'title': 'The impact of online education', 'summary': "Discusses the impact of an online master's program, highlighting opportunities provided to working adults, the sense of belonging it created, and the unique social environment formed, while emphasizing that online education won't replace traditional universities but is necessary for modern education.", 'duration': 298.045, 'highlights': ["The online master's program provided opportunities for working adults to pursue further education without giving up two years of their life, as well as all the money and everything else in the life that they had built. Opportunities for working adults, education without significant sacrifices.", "Over 80 to 100 students who graduated from the program return to TA for the class for minimum wage, showcasing their loyalty and belief in the program's impact and opportunities it provided. Loyalty of graduates, impact of the program, students returning for minimum wage TA positions.", 'The students formed social groups and a sense of belonging, creating a social environment on top of the social network and media, which satisfied a need that might have previously required physical presence. Formation of social groups, sense of belonging, satisfying social needs.', "Online education won't replace universities but is necessary and will cause changes in the traditional university system, emphasizing the power of the rite of passage and the need for a safe space. Online education's role, impact on traditional universities, power of rite of passage, need for a safe space.", "The traditional university system is described as a fascinating mess, and the need to acknowledge that most people don't experience college in the traditional way due to financial reasons. Description of traditional university system, acknowledgment of non-traditional college experiences."]}, {'end': 5172.709, 'start': 4836.909, 'title': 'Impact of education division', 'summary': "Discusses the potential division in access to education and the importance of tying the university's mission to the faculty's work, highlighting the significant impact of teaching faculty on students' positive experiences.", 'duration': 335.8, 'highlights': ["The role of faculty in tying the university's mission to their work is emphasized, particularly at large R1 universities, where the mission is seen as driving their actions. The faculty members at large R1 universities are encouraged to tie their work with the fundamental mission of the university, emphasizing the importance of the mission in driving their actions.", "The significant impact of teaching faculty on students' experiences is highlighted, with alumni recognizing lecturers and teaching faculty as those who had a strong positive impact on them. Alumni surveys revealed the significant positive impact of teaching faculty, with a word cloud created from responses showing that lecturers and teaching faculty were recognized for their strong positive impact on students' experiences.", 'The disparity in workload and impact is evident between tenure track faculty and lecturers, with lecturers teaching over 50% of credit hours and touching more lives, yet often receiving less recognition. Lecturers, despite teaching over 50% of credit hours and touching more lives, often receive less recognition and have a higher workload compared to tenure track faculty.']}, {'end': 5523.054, 'start': 5174.23, 'title': 'The role of moocs in education', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of human connection in learning, the impact of online teaching experiences, and the role of moocs during covid, highlighting the need for more meaningful connections in education despite the shift online.', 'duration': 348.824, 'highlights': ['The impact of human connection in learning is emphasized, with evidence showing that students are more likely to retain information, be motivated, and feel connected to the instructor, regardless of the mode of teaching.', 'The concerns about the effectiveness of online teaching experiences are raised, as students find it to be a rough and unfulfilling struggle, lacking the positive sense of achievement.', 'The role of MOOCs in education is questioned, with the potential to effectively replace in-person education highlighted, as exemplified by the case of learning linear algebra from MIT OpenCourseWare and the importance of personality and connection in online teaching.']}], 'duration': 985.15, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz04537904.jpg', 'highlights': ['Opportunities for working adults, education without significant sacrifices.', 'Loyalty of graduates, impact of the program, students returning for minimum wage TA positions.', 'Formation of social groups, sense of belonging, satisfying social needs.', "Online education's role, impact on traditional universities, power of rite of passage, need for a safe space.", 'Description of traditional university system, acknowledgment of non-traditional college experiences.', 'The faculty members at large R1 universities are encouraged to tie their work with the fundamental mission of the university, emphasizing the importance of the mission in driving their actions.', "Alumni surveys revealed the significant positive impact of teaching faculty, with a word cloud created from responses showing that lecturers and teaching faculty were recognized for their strong positive impact on students' experiences.", 'Lecturers, despite teaching over 50% of credit hours and touching more lives, often receive less recognition and have a higher workload compared to tenure track faculty.', 'The impact of human connection in learning is emphasized, with evidence showing that students are more likely to retain information, be motivated, and feel connected to the instructor, regardless of the mode of teaching.', 'The concerns about the effectiveness of online teaching experiences are raised, as students find it to be a rough and unfulfilling struggle, lacking the positive sense of achievement.', 'The role of MOOCs in education is questioned, with the potential to effectively replace in-person education highlighted, as exemplified by the case of learning linear algebra from MIT OpenCourseWare and the importance of personality and connection in online teaching.']}, {'end': 6199.332, 'segs': [{'end': 5548.354, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5523.054, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5529.239, 'text': 'no, no, no, no, well, yes, but from that day on he, he, he laughed on his own, he stopped taking cues from me, i think.', 'start': 5523.054, 'duration': 6.185}, {'end': 5534.062, 'text': "so i want to say that you know it was a good thing that i did, but yes, yes, you saved that man's life.", 'start': 5529.239, 'duration': 4.823}, {'end': 5540.867, 'text': "yes, but it was mostly mean, but it's true, though it's true, right that people, i think you're right, but okay, so that where does that get us?", 'start': 5534.062, 'duration': 6.805}, {'end': 5543.249, 'text': 'that gets us the idea that i mean.', 'start': 5540.867, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 5548.354, 'text': 'certainly, movie theaters are a thing, but where people like to be watching together,', 'start': 5543.249, 'duration': 5.105}], 'summary': "Man laughed on his own, stopped taking cues. mention of saving a man's life. discussion about movie theaters and people watching together.", 'duration': 25.3, 'max_score': 5523.054, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz05523054.jpg'}, {'end': 5663.883, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5635, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5636.581, 'text': "So it's just a very different.", 'start': 5635, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 5637.262, 'text': "it's very different.", 'start': 5636.581, 'duration': 0.681}, {'end': 5643.246, 'text': "So what we've been experiencing in the last 10 years is not like the majority of human history, but, more importantly, concerts right?", 'start': 5637.282, 'duration': 5.964}, {'end': 5644.686, 'text': 'Concerts mean something different.', 'start': 5643.586, 'duration': 1.1}, {'end': 5646.268, 'text': "Most people don't go to concerts.", 'start': 5644.767, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 5652.213, 'text': "anymore, like there's an age where you care about it, you sort of stop doing but you keep listening to music or whatever,", 'start': 5647.148, 'duration': 5.065}, {'end': 5662.522, 'text': "and so i think that's a painful way of saying that, um, it will change.", 'start': 5652.213, 'duration': 10.309}, {'end': 5663.163, 'text': "it's not the same.", 'start': 5662.522, 'duration': 0.641}, {'end': 5663.883, 'text': 'things are going away.', 'start': 5663.163, 'duration': 0.72}], 'summary': 'In the last 10 years, there has been a decline in concert attendance, indicating a significant shift in music consumption.', 'duration': 28.883, 'max_score': 5635, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz05635000.jpg'}, {'end': 5757.149, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5728.937, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5733.439, 'text': "And so, I don't know, I could, it's all part of the ecosystem.", 'start': 5728.937, 'duration': 4.502}, {'end': 5734.179, 'text': "It's all to the good.", 'start': 5733.479, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 5742.623, 'text': "I mean, you know, I'm not going to have an argument about whether we lost fidelity when we went from Laserdiscs to DVDs or record players to CDs.", 'start': 5734.199, 'duration': 8.424}, {'end': 5747.665, 'text': "I mean, I'm willing to grant that that is true, but convenience matters.", 'start': 5743.043, 'duration': 4.622}, {'end': 5753.327, 'text': "And the ability to do something that you couldn't do otherwise because of that convenience matters.", 'start': 5749.146, 'duration': 4.181}, {'end': 5757.149, 'text': "And you can tell me I'm only getting 90% of the experience, but I'm getting the experience.", 'start': 5753.828, 'duration': 3.321}], 'summary': 'Convenience matters, even if it means losing fidelity. ability to do more matters.', 'duration': 28.212, 'max_score': 5728.937, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz05728937.jpg'}], 'start': 5523.054, 'title': 'Changing entertainment landscape and embracing passions', 'summary': "Delves into the evolving movie theaters and concert industry in the digital age, emphasizing the significance of lifelong learning and pursuing passions. it also encourages embracing life's choices and following personal passions, regardless of potential wealth, supported by personal experiences and anecdotes.", 'chapters': [{'end': 5899.885, 'start': 5523.054, 'title': 'Evolution of movie theaters and concerts', 'summary': 'Discusses the changing landscape of movie theaters and concerts, questioning their future existence in the era of growing audience for netflix and music listening, and emphasizes the importance of lifelong education and pursuing passion in life.', 'duration': 376.831, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the changing landscape of movie theaters and concerts, questioning their future existence in the era of growing audience for Netflix and music listening. The discussion raises the question of whether movie theaters will still be a thing in 2021 due to the growing audience for Netflix, and debates the changing significance of concerts in the context of expanding music listening.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of lifelong education and pursuing passion in life. Emphasizes the need for education to be a lifelong pursuit in the rapidly changing world, and advises young individuals to find and pursue their passion, even if it takes time, drawing inspiration from examples like Rodney Dangerfield becoming a comedian in his 50s.']}, {'end': 6199.332, 'start': 5900.945, 'title': "Embracing life's choices", 'summary': "Emphasizes embracing life's choices and passions, acknowledging the unpredictability of outcomes, and advises to pursue what one loves, regardless of potential wealth, citing personal experiences and anecdotes.", 'duration': 298.387, 'highlights': ["The speaker emphasizes the importance of embracing life's choices and passions, recognizing the unpredictability of outcomes, and advises pursuing what one loves, regardless of potential wealth.", 'The speaker recounts choosing to study computer science out of interest, despite not anticipating its current popularity, and expresses contentment with the decision, emphasizing the significance of pursuing what keeps one interested and engaged.', 'The speaker shares anecdotes of personal choices, highlighting the unpredictability of outcomes and the significance of embracing decisions without dwelling on potential regrets or what-ifs.', "The chapter discusses the speaker's belief in the significance of pursuing what one loves, acknowledging the possibility of not knowing the outcomes of decisions, and advises against questioning choices, emphasizing the importance of embracing life's unpredictability.", "The speaker emphasizes the impact of embracing life's choices and passions, acknowledging the unpredictability of outcomes, and advises pursuing what one loves, regardless of potential wealth, citing personal experiences and anecdotes."]}], 'duration': 676.278, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz05523054.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the changing landscape of movie theaters and concerts, questioning their future existence in the era of growing audience for Netflix and music listening.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of lifelong education and pursuing passion in life.', "The speaker emphasizes the importance of embracing life's choices and passions, recognizing the unpredictability of outcomes, and advises pursuing what one loves, regardless of potential wealth."]}, {'end': 7057.557, 'segs': [{'end': 6295.001, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6266.794, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6268.615, 'text': 'Learn the building blocks and how to take the time.', 'start': 6266.794, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 6269.515, 'text': 'Have patience.', 'start': 6268.995, 'duration': 0.52}, {'end': 6271.055, 'text': "Eventually, you'll build a rhythm game.", 'start': 6269.575, 'duration': 1.48}, {'end': 6275.037, 'text': 'I was in grad school when I suddenly woke up one day over the Royal East.', 'start': 6271.115, 'duration': 3.922}, {'end': 6277.937, 'text': "And I thought, wait a minute, I'm a computer scientist.", 'start': 6276.337, 'duration': 1.6}, {'end': 6279.638, 'text': 'I should be able to write Pac-Man in an afternoon.', 'start': 6277.957, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 6280.138, 'text': 'And I did.', 'start': 6279.758, 'duration': 0.38}, {'end': 6281.538, 'text': 'Not with great graphics.', 'start': 6280.698, 'duration': 0.84}, {'end': 6283.059, 'text': 'It was actually a very cool game.', 'start': 6281.979, 'duration': 1.08}, {'end': 6285.079, 'text': 'I had to figure out how the ghost moved and everything.', 'start': 6283.099, 'duration': 1.98}, {'end': 6286.6, 'text': 'And I did it in an afternoon in Pascal.', 'start': 6285.099, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 6288.596, 'text': 'on an old Apple IIGS.', 'start': 6287.415, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 6295.001, 'text': 'But if I had started out trying to build Pac-Man, I think it probably would have ended very poorly for me.', 'start': 6289.957, 'duration': 5.044}], 'summary': 'Computer scientist built pac-man in an afternoon on an old apple iigs using pascal, emphasizing the importance of starting with building blocks and having patience.', 'duration': 28.207, 'max_score': 6266.794, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz06266794.jpg'}, {'end': 6572.884, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 6493.414, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6500.378, 'text': "but like i don't know, computation is kind of computation, is kind of Turing, equivalent is computation.", 'start': 6493.414, 'duration': 6.964}, {'end': 6505.12, 'text': 'It matters how you express things, but you have to build out that mental structure in your mind.', 'start': 6500.798, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 6508.661, 'text': "I don't think it's super matters which language.", 'start': 6506.2, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 6512.203, 'text': 'It matters a little because some things are just at the wrong level of abstraction.', 'start': 6509.122, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 6516.765, 'text': 'I think assembly is at the wrong level of abstraction for someone coming in new.', 'start': 6512.223, 'duration': 4.542}, {'end': 6518.365, 'text': 'For someone coming in new.', 'start': 6516.965, 'duration': 1.4}, {'end': 6521.947, 'text': 'Yes Big frameworks are quite a bit.', 'start': 6519.406, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 6524.928, 'text': 'um, you know, you got to get to the point where i want to learn a new language.', 'start': 6522.467, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 6528.91, 'text': 'means i just pick up a reference book and i think of a project and i go through it in a weekend.', 'start': 6524.928, 'duration': 3.982}, {'end': 6529.69, 'text': 'right, you got it.', 'start': 6528.91, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 6530.31, 'text': 'you got to get there.', 'start': 6529.69, 'duration': 0.62}, {'end': 6531.351, 'text': "you're right, though.", 'start': 6530.31, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 6533.952, 'text': 'the languages that are designed for that are.', 'start': 6531.351, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 6534.932, 'text': "it almost doesn't matter.", 'start': 6533.952, 'duration': 0.98}, {'end': 6541.415, 'text': "pick the ones that people have built, tutorials and infrastructure around to help you get kind of kind of ease into it, because it's hard.", 'start': 6534.932, 'duration': 6.483}, {'end': 6544.136, 'text': 'i mean i did this little experiment.', 'start': 6541.415, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 6549.138, 'text': 'um, i was teaching intro to cs in the summer as a favor.', 'start': 6544.136, 'duration': 5.002}, {'end': 6554.99, 'text': 'uh, Anyway, I was teaching intro to CSS as a favor.', 'start': 6549.138, 'duration': 5.852}, {'end': 6562.716, 'text': "It was very funny because I'd go in every single time and I would think to myself how am I possibly going to fill up an hour and a half talking about for loops?", 'start': 6555.23, 'duration': 7.486}, {'end': 6564.437, 'text': "There wasn't enough time.", 'start': 6563.597, 'duration': 0.84}, {'end': 6566.199, 'text': 'It took me a while to realize this.', 'start': 6564.457, 'duration': 1.742}, {'end': 6567.84, 'text': 'There are only three things.', 'start': 6566.679, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 6570.862, 'text': "There's reading from a variable, writing to a variable, and conditional branching.", 'start': 6567.86, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 6572.884, 'text': 'Everything else is syntactic sugar.', 'start': 6571.603, 'duration': 1.281}], 'summary': 'Computation, programming languages, and frameworks are essential for learning, with a focus on mental structure and ease of access to resources.', 'duration': 61.576, 'max_score': 6493.414, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz06493414.jpg'}, {'end': 6754.492, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6723.274, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6731.198, 'text': 'Yeah, the funny thing about programming and those very basic things is the very basics are not often made explicit,', 'start': 6723.274, 'duration': 7.924}, {'end': 6735.3, 'text': 'which is actually what drives everybody away from basically any discipline.', 'start': 6731.198, 'duration': 4.102}, {'end': 6736.641, 'text': 'but programming is just another one.', 'start': 6735.3, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 6745.126, 'text': 'Like even a simpler version of the equal sign that I kind of forget is in mathematics, equals is not assignment.', 'start': 6737.041, 'duration': 8.085}, {'end': 6754.492, 'text': 'I think basically every single programming language with just a few handful of exceptions equals is assignment.', 'start': 6746.607, 'duration': 7.885}], 'summary': 'Basic programming concepts lack explicitness, leading to confusion and discouragement. the equal sign is often misunderstood as assignment in most programming languages.', 'duration': 31.218, 'max_score': 6723.274, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz06723274.jpg'}], 'start': 6199.592, 'title': 'Programming basics and language selection', 'summary': 'Emphasizes starting small, patience, and dedication in learning programming, with a focus on choosing the right programming language based on learning stage and life, and the impact of friendship and support. it also includes an anecdote about writing pac-man in an afternoon and advice on choosing python.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6400.387, 'start': 6199.592, 'title': 'Learning to program: start small, learn patience', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of starting small and learning the building blocks of programming, highlighting the need for patience and dedication, with an anecdote about writing pac-man in an afternoon and advice on choosing a programming language such as python.', 'duration': 200.795, 'highlights': ['Start small, learn the building blocks and have patience; an anecdote about writing Pac-Man in an afternoon emphasizes the importance of dedication and taking time to learn (e.g., writing Pac-Man in an afternoon in grad school).', 'Emphasizes the availability of information on the internet and the importance of finding someone knowledgeable to guide the learning process, encouraging excitement about the little pieces and keeping the big project in mind (e.g., the availability of information on the internet and the advice to take it slow and get excited about learning).', 'Discusses the choice of programming language, with a humorous anecdote about a dissertation using Lisp, and a preference for Python over other languages such as Lisp and C syntax (e.g., the discussion on programming language options and the preference for Python over Lisp and C syntax).']}, {'end': 7057.557, 'start': 6400.407, 'title': 'Choosing the right programming language', 'summary': 'Explores the importance of choosing the right programming language based on the stage of learning and life, the challenges in understanding fundamental programming concepts, the significance of explicit basics in programming languages, and the impact of friendship and support in the learning process.', 'duration': 657.15, 'highlights': ['The significance of choosing the right programming language based on the stage of learning and life and the value of exploring modern languages like Julia, Rust, and Kotlin The chapter emphasizes the importance of considering the stage of learning and life when choosing a programming language. It also mentions the value of exploring modern languages such as Julia, Rust, and Kotlin.', 'Challenges in understanding fundamental programming concepts such as conditional branching, loops, and variable assignments It discusses the challenges in understanding fundamental programming concepts like conditional branching, loops, and variable assignments, emphasizing the complexity of these concepts.', 'The significance of explicitly stating basic programming concepts, such as the difference between assignment and equality The chapter highlights the importance of explicitly stating basic programming concepts, such as the difference between assignment and equality, to avoid confusion and misunderstandings among learners.', "The impact of friendship and support in the learning process, including the role of encouragement and belief in one's abilities It emphasizes the impact of friendship and support in the learning process, particularly in terms of encouragement, belief in one's abilities, and providing outward confidence."]}], 'duration': 857.965, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yzMVEbs8Zz0/pics/yzMVEbs8Zz06199592.jpg', 'highlights': ['Emphasizes the availability of information on the internet and the importance of finding someone knowledgeable to guide the learning process, encouraging excitement about the little pieces and keeping the big project in mind', 'Start small, learn the building blocks and have patience; an anecdote about writing Pac-Man in an afternoon emphasizes the importance of dedication and taking time to learn', 'The significance of choosing the right programming language based on the stage of learning and life and the value of exploring modern languages like Julia, Rust, and Kotlin', "The impact of friendship and support in the learning process, including the role of encouragement and belief in one's abilities", 'The significance of explicitly stating basic programming concepts, such as the difference between assignment and equality', 'Challenges in understanding fundamental programming concepts such as conditional branching, loops, and variable assignments']}], 'highlights': ['The real threat of AI lies in the tools we are creating that allow us to make terrible decisions more efficiently, rather than the potential of AI surpassing human intelligence.', 'The impact of COVID has forced a realization that the reason to attend college is not solely for learning, but for the overall college experience, challenging the traditional perception of education and the role of technology in shaping its future.', "The success and loyalty of students in the online master's program is evident, with a 60% acceptance rate and a cost of $6,600 for the entire degree, attracting 11,000 students.", 'The chapter discusses the changing landscape of movie theaters and concerts, questioning their future existence in the era of growing audience for Netflix and music listening.', "The speaker emphasizes the importance of embracing life's choices and passions, recognizing the unpredictability of outcomes, and advises pursuing what one loves, regardless of potential wealth.", 'The chapter features a podcast experiment with two computer science professors, Charles Isbell and Michael Whitman, and discusses future plans for debates on the podcast.', 'The host mentions sponsors such as Athletic Greens, Eight Sleep, Masterclass, and Cash App, and encourages the audience to check them out for discounts.', 'Technical improvements, including using three or more cameras and experimenting with microphone mounting for the third person, are discussed for future podcast recordings.', 'The shift from impressing statisticians at NeurIPS to impressing programmers at ICML significantly influenced the outcomes and perspectives within the realm of machine learning.', 'ICML was considered a computer science-centric event, while NeurIPS was viewed as more engineering-focused, influencing the mathematical approaches and perspectives in the field of machine learning.', 'The advent of neural networks redefined the significance and role of statistics in machine learning, particularly emphasizing the hyperparameter space and the role of data in programming.', 'The distinction between the computational statistics view and the computational view of machine learning showcases different perspectives on programming and system development within the field.', 'The analysis and understanding of data is emphasized over programming in machine learning, highlighting the importance of interesting datasets in revealing differences between algorithms and the crucial role of data in machine learning.', "Georgia Tech's 'drown-proofing' class requirement for graduation is discussed, reflecting a unique and challenging graduation tradition.", 'Comparison of university ethos, with Brown University emphasizing pampering and empowerment while Georgia Tech and MIT adopt a more challenging approach.', "Mention of Georgia Tech's pioneering role in academic initiatives, such as being the first to offer a master's degree in computer science, adding credibility to its academic reputation.", 'Emphasizes the ethos of Georgia Tech, where struggling with challenges leads to coming out stronger, portraying an environment of pushing boundaries without breaking.', "Describes the concept of 'MIT time' where classes and events begin five minutes after the scheduled time, reflecting a unique social construct of time perception at MIT.", "Discusses the self-critical nature of academic research, emphasizing the importance of being dissatisfied with one's work as a driving force for improvement and progress.", "Bell Labs' nurturing environment allowed for pure research and collaboration among faculty, fostering a unique and wonderful experience for researchers.", 'The chapter emphasizes the impact of physical presence and spontaneous interactions on creativity and innovation, illustrated through anecdotes from the AI lab at MIT and the birth of Siri.', 'The successful partnership resulted in engaging lectures and the creation of a popular video series, demonstrating the positive impact of effective teamwork in education.', 'The teaching experience covered two classes, 7641 and 7642, with collaborative efforts and knowledge exchange, emphasizing the challenges and subsequent benefits of teaching jointly.', 'Insights into the challenges of teaching jointly and the development of new course material, driven by the partnership between the individuals, highlighting the collaborative efforts.', 'Opportunities for working adults, education without significant sacrifices.', 'Loyalty of graduates, impact of the program, students returning for minimum wage TA positions.', 'Formation of social groups, sense of belonging, satisfying social needs.', "Online education's role, impact on traditional universities, power of rite of passage, need for a safe space.", 'Description of traditional university system, acknowledgment of non-traditional college experiences.', 'The faculty members at large R1 universities are encouraged to tie their work with the fundamental mission of the university, emphasizing the importance of the mission in driving their actions.', "Alumni surveys revealed the significant positive impact of teaching faculty, with a word cloud created from responses showing that lecturers and teaching faculty were recognized for their strong positive impact on students' experiences.", 'Lecturers, despite teaching over 50% of credit hours and touching more lives, often receive less recognition and have a higher workload compared to tenure track faculty.', 'The impact of human connection in learning is emphasized, with evidence showing that students are more likely to retain information, be motivated, and feel connected to the instructor, regardless of the mode of teaching.', 'The concerns about the effectiveness of online teaching experiences are raised, as students find it to be a rough and unfulfilling struggle, lacking the positive sense of achievement.', 'The role of MOOCs in education is questioned, with the potential to effectively replace in-person education highlighted, as exemplified by the case of learning linear algebra from MIT OpenCourseWare and the importance of personality and connection in online teaching.', 'Emphasizes the availability of information on the internet and the importance of finding someone knowledgeable to guide the learning process, encouraging excitement about the little pieces and keeping the big project in mind', 'Start small, learn the building blocks and have patience; an anecdote about writing Pac-Man in an afternoon emphasizes the importance of dedication and taking time to learn', 'The significance of choosing the right programming language based on the stage of learning and life and the value of exploring modern languages like Julia, Rust, and Kotlin', "The impact of friendship and support in the learning process, including the role of encouragement and belief in one's abilities", 'The significance of explicitly stating basic programming concepts, such as the difference between assignment and equality', 'Challenges in understanding fundamental programming concepts such as conditional branching, loops, and variable assignments']}