title
Python Tutorials for Beginners - Learn Python Online

description
Watch my BRAND NEW Python tutorial with projects: https://youtu.be/_uQrJ0TkZlc Looking for Python tutorials for beginners? Watch this video to learn Python online. 🔥Subscribe for more Python tutorials for beginners: https://goo.gl/6PYaGF 🔥Get my COMPLETE Python course with a BIG discount: https://goo.gl/AVb6Uq - Python Exercises for Beginners: https://goo.gl/1XnQB1 - Python 3 Cheat Sheet: https://goo.gl/Jeu29b Want to learn more from me? Check out my blog and courses: http://programmingwithmosh.com https://www.facebook.com/programmingwithmosh/ https://twitter.com/moshhamedani These days everybody is learning Python 3 because it’s the most popular programming language. If you’re looking for a Python course that teaches you the fundamentals of Python, you’ve come to the right place. This video shows you Python applications as well as python salaries. If you’re looking for a programming job to make more money, Python is the best programming language to learn first. TABLE OF CONTENT 00:00:00 What is Python? 00:03:22 Installing Python 00:05:15 Python Interpreter 00:07:12 Code Editors 00:08:32 Your First Python Program 00:12:11 Python Extensions 00:15:04 Linting Python Code 00:19:20 Formatting Python Code 00:23:16 Running Python Code 00:26:17 Quiz 00:28:41 Variables 00:31:48 Variable Names 00:34:52 Strings 00:40:24 Escape Sequences 00:43:06 Formatted Strings 00:45:16 String Methods 00:51:13 Numbers 00:54:01 Working with Numbers 00:56:12 Type Conversion 01:01:18 Quiz 01:04:03 Comparison Operators 01:06:09 Conditional Statements 01:10:20 Ternary Operator 01:12:31 Logical Operators 01:16:35 Short-circuit Evaluation 01:18:44 Chaining Comparison Operators 01:20:08 Quiz 01:21:53 For Loops 01:25:32 For..Else 01:28:21 Nested Loops 01:31:07 Iterables 01:34:17 While Loops 01:39:18 Infinite Loops 01:40:57 Exercise 01:43:04 Defining Functions 01:45:30 Arguments 01:47:53 Types of Functions 01:51:57 Keyword Arguments 01:53:59 Default Arguments 01:55:36 *args 01:59:53 **args 02:02:15 Scope 02:07:26 Debugging 02:14:18 VSCode Coding Tricks (Windows) 02:16:41 VSCode Coding Tricks (Mac) 02:18:32 Exercise 02:20:03 Solution

detail
{'title': 'Python Tutorials for Beginners - Learn Python Online', 'heatmap': [{'end': 1412.277, 'start': 1313.063, 'weight': 1}, {'end': 6133.482, 'start': 6040.607, 'weight': 0.715}], 'summary': 'This python tutorial series covers the versatility and career opportunities in python, installation and usage of python 3.7, vs code as a python ide, string manipulation, numbers, math operations, conditional statements, looping, and fundamental programming techniques, providing comprehensive guidance and practical demonstrations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 131.591, 'segs': [{'end': 86.91, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 17.017, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 28.307, 'text': "So Python is the world's fastest growing and most popular programming language, not just amongst software developers, but also amongst mathematicians,", 'start': 17.017, 'duration': 11.29}, {'end': 33.712, 'text': 'data analysts, scientists, accountants, network engineers and even kids.', 'start': 28.307, 'duration': 5.405}, {'end': 37.515, 'text': "In fact, it's the ideal programming language to learn first.", 'start': 34.412, 'duration': 3.103}, {'end': 41.418, 'text': 'But what makes Python so special? Here are six reasons.', 'start': 38.055, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 49.005, 'text': 'With Python, you can solve complex problems in less time with fewer lines of code than many other languages.', 'start': 42.059, 'duration': 6.946}, {'end': 58.272, 'text': "That's why huge companies like Google, Spotify, Dropbox, and Facebook have embraced this beautiful and powerful language.", 'start': 49.645, 'duration': 8.627}, {'end': 59.653, 'text': "Here's an example.", 'start': 58.852, 'duration': 0.801}, {'end': 65.077, 'text': "Let's say we want to extract the first three characters of the text, hello world.", 'start': 60.213, 'duration': 4.864}, {'end': 68.099, 'text': 'This is the code we would have to write in C sharp.', 'start': 65.798, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 70.841, 'text': 'This is how we would do this in JavaScript.', 'start': 68.88, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 73.464, 'text': "And here's how we would do it in Python.", 'start': 71.542, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 78.026, 'text': "See how clean and simple the language is? And that's just the beginning.", 'start': 74.244, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 86.91, 'text': 'Python is a multipurpose language and you can use it for a wide range of jobs, such as data analysis, AI and machine learning,', 'start': 78.586, 'duration': 8.324}], 'summary': 'Python is the fastest growing programming language, embraced by big companies, and known for its simplicity and versatility.', 'duration': 69.893, 'max_score': 17.017, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw17017.jpg'}, {'end': 131.591, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 107.76, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 118.985, 'text': 'In fact, according to Indeed.com, the average salary of a Python developer in the US was over $115, 000 in March 2018.', 'start': 107.76, 'duration': 11.225}, {'end': 123.307, 'text': 'And here are four more reasons that make Python the most desirable language.', 'start': 118.985, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 131.591, 'text': "Python is a high-level language, so you don't have to worry about complex tasks such as memory management as you do in C++.", 'start': 123.927, 'duration': 7.664}], 'summary': 'Average salary of us python developer in march 2018 was $115,000, making python the most desirable language due to its high-level nature.', 'duration': 23.831, 'max_score': 107.76, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw107760.jpg'}], 'start': 2.202, 'title': 'Python: the ideal programming language', 'summary': 'Highlights six reasons why python is the ideal programming language to learn first, its versatility in solving complex problems with fewer lines of code, its wide range of applications, and the high-paying career opportunities it offers, with python developers in the us earning an average salary of over $115,000 in march 2018.', 'chapters': [{'end': 131.591, 'start': 2.202, 'title': 'Python: the ideal programming language', 'summary': 'Highlights six reasons why python is the ideal programming language to learn first, its versatility in solving complex problems with fewer lines of code, its wide range of applications, and the high-paying career opportunities it offers, with python developers in the us earning an average salary of over $115,000 in march 2018.', 'duration': 129.389, 'highlights': ['Python is the ideal programming language to learn first, with its ability to solve complex problems in less time with fewer lines of code, and its versatility in a wide range of applications, such as data analysis, AI, and machine learning.', "Python is the world's fastest growing and most popular programming language, with its simplicity and cleanliness compared to other languages, such as C sharp and JavaScript, demonstrated through a code example.", 'Python is embraced by huge companies like Google, Spotify, Dropbox, and Facebook, highlighting its widespread adoption and usage in the industry.', 'Python offers high-paying and long-lasting career opportunities, particularly in AI and machine learning, with the average salary of a Python developer in the US being over $115,000 in March 2018.', 'Python is a high-level language, relieving programmers from worrying about complex tasks such as memory management as in C++.']}], 'duration': 129.389, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw2202.jpg', 'highlights': ["Python is the world's fastest growing and most popular programming language, with its simplicity and cleanliness compared to other languages.", 'Python is embraced by huge companies like Google, Spotify, Dropbox, and Facebook, highlighting its widespread adoption and usage in the industry.', 'Python is the ideal programming language to learn first, with its ability to solve complex problems in less time with fewer lines of code, and its versatility in a wide range of applications.', 'Python offers high-paying and long-lasting career opportunities, particularly in AI and machine learning, with the average salary of a Python developer in the US being over $115,000 in March 2018.', 'Python is a high-level language, relieving programmers from worrying about complex tasks such as memory management as in C++.']}, {'end': 713.998, 'segs': [{'end': 205.992, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 132.311, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 138.494, 'text': "It's cross-platform, which means you can build and run Python apps on Windows, Mac, and Linux.", 'start': 132.311, 'duration': 6.183}, {'end': 143.476, 'text': 'It has a huge community, so whenever you get stuck, there is someone out there to help.', 'start': 139.154, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 148.978, 'text': 'And it has a large ecosystem of libraries, frameworks, and tools.', 'start': 144.236, 'duration': 4.742}, {'end': 156.421, 'text': 'Whatever you want to do, it is likely that someone else has done it before, because Python has been around for over 20 years.', 'start': 149.518, 'duration': 6.903}, {'end': 159.102, 'text': 'There are two versions of Python out there.', 'start': 157.261, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 166.265, 'text': 'Python 2, which is the legacy version of Python, and is going to be supported until year 2020.', 'start': 159.602, 'duration': 6.663}, {'end': 168.646, 'text': 'And Python 3, which is Python for the future.', 'start': 166.265, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 172.301, 'text': "In this course, you're going to learn Python 3.", 'start': 169.246, 'duration': 3.055}, {'end': 175.762, 'text': "Hi, my name is Mosh Hamadani, and I'm going to be your instructor in this course.", 'start': 172.301, 'duration': 3.461}, {'end': 186.686, 'text': "I'm a software engineer with 18 years of experience and I have taught way over a million people how to code or how to become top professional software engineers.", 'start': 176.402, 'duration': 10.284}, {'end': 191.047, 'text': 'To learn more about me and my courses, head over to codewithmosh.com.', 'start': 187.246, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 193.708, 'text': "All right, now let's get started.", 'start': 191.567, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 205.992, 'text': "All right, now we're ready to download and install Python.", 'start': 203.311, 'duration': 2.681}], 'summary': 'Python is cross-platform and has a large community, with python 3 being the focus of the course.', 'duration': 73.681, 'max_score': 132.311, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw132311.jpg'}, {'end': 285.551, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 252.626, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 255.587, 'text': "Now let's verify that we have installed Python properly.", 'start': 252.626, 'duration': 2.961}, {'end': 262.61, 'text': "If you're on windows here in this search bar type CMD, which is short for command prompt.", 'start': 256.367, 'duration': 6.243}, {'end': 268.425, 'text': 'now here in command prompt, type python.', 'start': 264.264, 'duration': 4.161}, {'end': 273.407, 'text': 'you can see we have successfully installed python version 3.7.', 'start': 268.425, 'duration': 4.982}, {'end': 283.871, 'text': "now to exit, press ctrl z and then enter done, if you're on mac, press command and space.", 'start': 273.407, 'duration': 10.464}, {'end': 285.551, 'text': 'this opens up the spotlight.', 'start': 283.871, 'duration': 1.68}], 'summary': 'Installed python 3.7 successfully on windows and mac.', 'duration': 32.925, 'max_score': 252.626, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw252626.jpg'}, {'end': 373.068, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 320.649, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 328.454, 'text': 'So this environment, you see here is what we call Python interpreter, which is basically a program that executes Python code.', 'start': 320.649, 'duration': 7.805}, {'end': 336.44, 'text': 'We can type our Python code in a file and give it to this interpreter, or we can type our code directly here in this interactive shell.', 'start': 328.935, 'duration': 7.505}, {'end': 340.422, 'text': 'So here we can write an expression like 2 plus 2.', 'start': 337.02, 'duration': 3.402}, {'end': 344.805, 'text': 'In programming, an expression is a piece of code that produces a value.', 'start': 340.422, 'duration': 4.383}, {'end': 348.687, 'text': 'So here when we add 2 plus 2, we get a value.', 'start': 345.245, 'duration': 3.442}, {'end': 351.749, 'text': 'That is why we refer to this piece of code as an expression.', 'start': 348.807, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 354.651, 'text': 'So enter, we get 4.', 'start': 352.529, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 356.332, 'text': "Let's try a different kind of expression.", 'start': 354.651, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 359.334, 'text': "Let's see if 2 is greater than 1.", 'start': 356.992, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 363.556, 'text': 'We get true, which is an example of a Boolean value.', 'start': 359.334, 'duration': 4.222}, {'end': 366.458, 'text': "You're going to learn about these Boolean values in the next section.", 'start': 363.916, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 372.108, 'text': 'Now, what if we type 2 is greater than 5? Enter.', 'start': 367.267, 'duration': 4.841}, {'end': 373.068, 'text': 'We get false.', 'start': 372.468, 'duration': 0.6}], 'summary': 'Python interpreter executes code, producing values like 2+2=4, 2>1=true, 2>5=false.', 'duration': 52.419, 'max_score': 320.649, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw320649.jpg'}, {'end': 455.82, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 422.019, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 424.463, 'text': "But that's not how we build real world applications.", 'start': 422.019, 'duration': 2.444}, {'end': 426.626, 'text': 'To do that, we need a code editor.', 'start': 424.943, 'duration': 1.683}, {'end': 429.029, 'text': "And that's what I'm going to show you in the next lecture.", 'start': 427.086, 'duration': 1.943}, {'end': 440.612, 'text': 'When it comes to typing Python code, you have two options.', 'start': 437.571, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 447.876, 'text': 'You can use a code editor or an IDE, which is short for integrated development environment.', 'start': 441.253, 'duration': 6.623}, {'end': 455.82, 'text': 'An IDE is basically a code editor with some fancy features like auto-completion, which means as you type code,', 'start': 448.556, 'duration': 7.264}], 'summary': 'To build real world applications, we need a code editor or an ide with auto-completion for typing python code.', 'duration': 33.801, 'max_score': 422.019, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw422019.jpg'}, {'end': 531.097, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 495.316, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 501.982, 'text': 'Later in the course, I will show you how to install a plugin or an extension that will convert VS Code to a powerful IDE.', 'start': 495.316, 'duration': 6.666}, {'end': 509.849, 'text': 'So before going any further, head over to code.visualstudio.com and download the latest version of VS Code.', 'start': 502.843, 'duration': 7.006}, {'end': 527.474, 'text': 'Now with VS Code open, on the top, from the file menu, go to open, and somewhere on your desk, create a new folder.', 'start': 518.888, 'duration': 8.586}, {'end': 531.097, 'text': "Let's call this folder hello world.", 'start': 528.835, 'duration': 2.262}], 'summary': "Learn how to turn vs code into a powerful ide with a plugin. download latest vs code version from code.visualstudio.com and create a new folder named 'hello world'.", 'duration': 35.781, 'max_score': 495.316, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw495316.jpg'}], 'start': 132.311, 'title': 'Python: cross-platform capabilities and code editor introduction', 'summary': 'Introduces python, emphasizing its cross-platform capability, strong community support, and extensive ecosystem. it provides instructions for downloading and installing python 3.7 on windows, mac, and linux. additionally, it explores the python interpreter, explains expressions and boolean values, syntax errors, and the role of code editor/ide in building applications, and demonstrates using vs code to write and execute python code.', 'chapters': [{'end': 320.649, 'start': 132.311, 'title': 'Python: cross-platform, community, and ecosystem', 'summary': 'Introduces python, highlighting its cross-platform capability, strong community support, and extensive ecosystem, with python 3 being the focus, and provides instructions for downloading, installing, and verifying python 3.7 on windows, mac, and linux.', 'duration': 188.338, 'highlights': ["Python's cross-platform capability allows building and running apps on Windows, Mac, and Linux, fostering accessibility and flexibility.", 'Python boasts a large community, providing extensive support when encountering challenges, leveraging collective knowledge and experience.', 'Python offers a vast ecosystem of libraries, frameworks, and tools, enabling efficient development with existing resources and solutions.', "Python 3 is emphasized as the version for the future, with Python 2 being a legacy version supported until 2020, aligning with the course's focus on Python 3.", 'Mosh Hamadani, a software engineer with 18 years of experience, will instruct the course, bringing significant expertise and teaching experience to the table.', 'Instructions are provided for downloading and installing Python 3.7, ensuring compatibility with the course materials and future Python versions on Windows, Mac, and Linux.', 'Verification steps for proper Python installation are outlined for Windows, Mac, and Linux, confirming successful installation of Python 3.7 and addressing potential version discrepancies.']}, {'end': 713.998, 'start': 320.649, 'title': 'Python interpreter and code editor', 'summary': 'Introduces the python interpreter, explains expressions and boolean values, syntax errors, and the role of code editor/ide in building real-world applications, and demonstrates using vs code to write and execute python code, including using built-in functions like print and an integrated terminal.', 'duration': 393.349, 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces the Python interpreter and its role in executing Python code, along with the option of using an interactive shell or typing code in a file.', 'Explanation of expressions, their function in producing values, and demonstration of examples such as 2+2 and 2>1, resulting in 4 and true, respectively.', 'Introduction to Boolean values, comparison examples like 2>5 resulting in false, and analogy of true and false to yes and no in English.', 'Explanation of syntax errors in programming, using incomplete expressions as an example, and analogy to grammatically incorrect sentences in spoken languages, leading to a syntax error from the Python interpreter.', 'Introduction to the role of code editor and IDE in building real-world applications, outlining features such as auto-completion, debugging, and testing in an IDE.', 'Demonstration of using VS Code as a code editor, with the intention of later converting it to a powerful IDE by installing a plugin or extension.', 'Step-by-step demonstration of using VS Code to create a new folder, open an explorer panel, add a new file with a .py extension, and write and execute Python code using the print function and an integrated terminal.']}], 'duration': 581.687, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw132311.jpg', 'highlights': ["Python's cross-platform capability fosters accessibility and flexibility on Windows, Mac, and Linux.", "Python's large community provides extensive support, leveraging collective knowledge and experience.", 'Python offers a vast ecosystem of libraries, frameworks, and tools for efficient development.', 'Python 3.7 installation instructions are provided for Windows, Mac, and Linux, ensuring compatibility.', 'Mosh Hamadani, a software engineer with 18 years of experience, will instruct the course.', "Python 3 is emphasized as the version for the future, aligning with the course's focus.", 'Verification steps for proper Python installation are outlined for Windows, Mac, and Linux.', 'Introduction to the Python interpreter and its role in executing Python code.', 'Explanation of expressions and Boolean values, with demonstration examples.', 'Introduction to the role of code editor and IDE in building real-world applications.', 'Demonstration of using VS Code as a code editor and its features.', 'Step-by-step demonstration of using VS Code to write and execute Python code.']}, {'end': 1716.265, 'segs': [{'end': 743.228, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 715.359, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 720.763, 'text': 'So as you see, the instructions in our program are executed from top to bottom in order.', 'start': 715.359, 'duration': 5.404}, {'end': 727.889, 'text': "In the next lecture, I'm going to show you how to convert this VS code to a powerful IDE for building Python applications.", 'start': 721.384, 'duration': 6.505}, {'end': 743.228, 'text': "In this lecture, I'm gonna show you how to convert VS Code to a powerful IDE by using an extension called Python.", 'start': 736.263, 'duration': 6.965}], 'summary': 'Program instructions executed in order. next lecture: convert vs code to powerful ide for python using python extension.', 'duration': 27.869, 'max_score': 715.359, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw715359.jpg'}, {'end': 1118.279, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1088.717, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1092.5, 'text': 'With this command palette, you can execute various commands in VS Code.', 'start': 1088.717, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 1097.745, 'text': 'If you type lint here, you can see all commands related to linting.', 'start': 1093.141, 'duration': 4.604}, {'end': 1106.693, 'text': 'As you can see, all these commands are prefixed with Python because these commands come with a Python extension that we installed earlier.', 'start': 1098.446, 'duration': 8.247}, {'end': 1110.376, 'text': 'So these are additional features available to us in VS Code.', 'start': 1106.893, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 1113.219, 'text': 'The first command here is select linter.', 'start': 1111.057, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 1118.279, 'text': 'In this list, you can see various linters available for PyLint.', 'start': 1114.918, 'duration': 3.361}], 'summary': "Vs code's command palette offers python-specific linting commands and linters.", 'duration': 29.562, 'max_score': 1088.717, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw1088717.jpg'}, {'end': 1218.408, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1193.473, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1200.376, 'text': 'The one that is very popular amongst Python developers is pep 8, which is a style guide for Python code.', 'start': 1193.473, 'duration': 6.903}, {'end': 1206.96, 'text': 'A style guide is basically a document that defines a bunch of rules for formatting and styling our code.', 'start': 1201.036, 'duration': 5.924}, {'end': 1213.203, 'text': "If you follow these conventions, the code that you write will end up being consistent with other people's code.", 'start': 1207.62, 'duration': 5.583}, {'end': 1218.408, 'text': 'Now, if you have time, you can go ahead and read this PEP8 documentation.', 'start': 1213.863, 'duration': 4.545}], 'summary': 'Pep 8 is popular among python developers, providing style rules for consistent code.', 'duration': 24.935, 'max_score': 1193.473, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw1193473.jpg'}, {'end': 1412.277, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1313.063, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1315.264, 'text': 'See, this tool automatically formats our code.', 'start': 1313.063, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 1317.965, 'text': "Beautiful Let's take a look at another example.", 'start': 1315.384, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 1327.509, 'text': "I'm going to declare another variable, y, and set it to two, and a variable with a long name, like unit underline price, and we set this to three.", 'start': 1318.726, 'duration': 8.783}, {'end': 1333.532, 'text': 'Now, some developers have this habit of formatting their variable declarations like this.', 'start': 1328.089, 'duration': 5.443}, {'end': 1340.936, 'text': 'So they put all these Equal signs in the same column according to pep8.', 'start': 1334.812, 'duration': 6.124}, {'end': 1342.237, 'text': 'This is considered ugly.', 'start': 1341.137, 'duration': 1.1}, {'end': 1348.502, 'text': "So once again, let's format our code That is better beautiful.", 'start': 1342.938, 'duration': 5.564}, {'end': 1350.963, 'text': 'Now, Let me show you a trick.', 'start': 1349.082, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 1357.227, 'text': 'Opening up this command palette and searching for format document every time is a little bit time-consuming.', 'start': 1350.963, 'duration': 6.264}, {'end': 1362.211, 'text': "So I'm going to show you how to have your file automatically formatted as soon as you save the changes.", 'start': 1357.227, 'duration': 4.984}, {'end': 1364.134, 'text': 'So the top.', 'start': 1362.231, 'duration': 1.903}, {'end': 1370.843, 'text': "let's go to the code menu, preferences and settings.", 'start': 1364.134, 'duration': 6.709}, {'end': 1376.31, 'text': 'here in the search box, search for format on save.', 'start': 1370.843, 'duration': 5.467}, {'end': 1379.534, 'text': 'so we have this option editor format on save.', 'start': 1376.31, 'duration': 3.224}, {'end': 1383.611, 'text': 'take this Now back to app.py.', 'start': 1379.534, 'duration': 4.077}, {'end': 1387.517, 'text': "I'm gonna change the formatting of these lines, make them really ugly.", 'start': 1383.611, 'duration': 3.906}, {'end': 1394.146, 'text': 'Now, as soon as I save the changes, you can see my code is reformatted, beautiful.', 'start': 1388.358, 'duration': 5.788}, {'end': 1412.277, 'text': "So you have learned that in order to run this Python program, we'll have to open up the terminal window and Run Python on Windows or Python 3 on Mac,", 'start': 1403.072, 'duration': 9.205}], 'summary': 'Demonstration of automatic code formatting and setting up auto-formatting on save.', 'duration': 99.214, 'max_score': 1313.063, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw1313063.jpg'}, {'end': 1693.697, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1665.823, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1668.867, 'text': "In the next section, we're going to look at the fundamentals of Python.", 'start': 1665.823, 'duration': 3.044}, {'end': 1680.002, 'text': 'Well hello, Mosh here.', 'start': 1678.68, 'duration': 1.322}, {'end': 1682.144, 'text': 'Thank you for watching my Python tutorial.', 'start': 1680.282, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 1688.071, 'text': 'I wanted to let you know that this tutorial is the first two hours of my complete Python course,', 'start': 1682.605, 'duration': 5.466}, {'end': 1693.697, 'text': 'where you will learn how to use Python in real world scenarios such as data analysis and visualization.', 'start': 1688.071, 'duration': 5.626}], 'summary': 'Python fundamentals covered in first two hours of complete course.', 'duration': 27.874, 'max_score': 1665.823, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw1665823.jpg'}], 'start': 715.359, 'title': 'Vs code as a python ide', 'summary': 'Covers converting vs code to a powerful python ide using the python extension, including features like linting, debugging, auto completion, code formatting, and unit testing. it also introduces pep 8, autopep8 tool, and a comprehensive python course.', 'chapters': [{'end': 787.043, 'start': 715.359, 'title': 'Vs code to python ide', 'summary': 'Explains how to convert vs code to a powerful ide for building python applications using an extension called python, providing features such as linting, debugging, auto completion, code formatting, and unit testing.', 'duration': 71.684, 'highlights': ['By using the Python extension, we can convert VS Code to a powerful IDE, offering features like linting, debugging, auto completion, code formatting, and unit testing.', 'The extension provides linting, which involves analyzing code for potential errors, debugging for finding and fixing errors, and auto completion for faster code writing.', 'Additionally, the extension offers code formatting to make code clean and readable and unit testing for ensuring proper code behavior.']}, {'end': 1158.106, 'start': 787.564, 'title': 'Vs code: python extension and linting', 'summary': 'Introduces the vs code python extension, demonstrating the installation process and the use of pylint for linting, highlighting the benefits of linting and providing useful shortcuts and commands for vs code users.', 'duration': 370.542, 'highlights': ['The Python extension in VS Code allows users to install additional functionality, such as the Python extension and PyLint for linting.', 'The benefit of linting is that it allows users to identify potential problems in their code as they write it, without having to run the program.', 'The problems panel in VS Code lists all the issues in the code in one place, making it easier to identify and fix problems.', 'The command palette in VS Code enables users to execute various commands, including those related to linting, providing additional features and options for developers.']}, {'end': 1716.265, 'start': 1166.863, 'title': 'Python peps and code formatting', 'summary': 'Discusses python enhancement proposals (peps), with a focus on pep 8, a style guide for python code, and demonstrates the usage of autopep8 tool for code formatting, along with configuring vs code for automatic formatting and code running. it also includes a quiz on programming concepts and concludes with an introduction to a comprehensive python course.', 'duration': 549.402, 'highlights': ['The most popular Python Enhancement Proposal (PEP) is PEP 8, which is a style guide for Python code, aiming to ensure consistency and readability, and is accessible via the python.org/dev/PEPS link.', 'AutoPep8 is a widely used tool for formatting Python code, and by configuring VS Code to automatically format on save, developers can ensure consistent code styling and adherence to PEP 8 conventions.', 'Code Runner is introduced as a VS Code extension to streamline the process of running Python programs, offering a convenient shortcut (Ctrl+Alt+N) for execution and avoiding the need for manual terminal commands.', 'The process of configuring Code Runner to use Python 3 instead of Python 2 on Mac is detailed, underlining the importance of adapting settings based on the operating system.', 'The chapter concludes with a quiz on programming concepts, including expressions, syntax errors, and linting, followed by an introduction to a comprehensive Python course focusing on real-world applications and offering a money-back guarantee and a certificate of completion.']}], 'duration': 1000.906, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw715359.jpg', 'highlights': ['The Python extension in VS Code offers linting, debugging, auto completion, code formatting, and unit testing', 'PEP 8 is a widely used style guide for Python code, accessible via the python.org/dev/PEPS link', 'AutoPep8 ensures consistent code styling and adherence to PEP 8 conventions', 'Code Runner streamlines the process of running Python programs in VS Code', 'The chapter concludes with a comprehensive Python course focusing on real-world applications']}, {'end': 3068.335, 'segs': [{'end': 1992.922, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1965.923, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1973.793, 'text': 'When I look at that code, I wonder, where is C2? And what is the difference between C1 and C2? So these variable names are very mystical.', 'start': 1965.923, 'duration': 7.87}, {'end': 1976.335, 'text': "that's a bad practice.", 'start': 1974.514, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 1983.318, 'text': 'make sure your variable names are always descriptive and meaningful, because this makes your code more maintainable.', 'start': 1976.335, 'duration': 6.983}, {'end': 1992.922, 'text': "now there are times that you can use short variable names like x, y, z if you're dealing with things like coordinates, so that's an exception.", 'start': 1983.318, 'duration': 9.604}], 'summary': 'Descriptive variable names make code more maintainable. short names can be used for specific cases.', 'duration': 26.999, 'max_score': 1965.923, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw1965923.jpg'}, {'end': 2265.818, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2229.583, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2233.448, 'text': "so let's print that and see what we get.", 'start': 2229.583, 'duration': 3.865}, {'end': 2236.571, 'text': 'run the program, we get 18 because we have 18 characters here.', 'start': 2233.448, 'duration': 3.123}, {'end': 2241.03, 'text': "Let's look at another example.", 'start': 2239.81, 'duration': 1.22}, {'end': 2247.692, 'text': 'If you want to get access to a specific character in this string, you use the square bracket notation.', 'start': 2241.851, 'duration': 5.841}, {'end': 2251.074, 'text': 'So here we add course, square brackets.', 'start': 2248.233, 'duration': 2.841}, {'end': 2255.155, 'text': 'To get the first character, you use the index zero.', 'start': 2251.754, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 2265.818, 'text': 'So in Python, like many other languages, strings are zero index, which means the index of the first character or the first element is zero.', 'start': 2256.195, 'duration': 9.623}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating accessing characters in a string in python, with examples and explanation.', 'duration': 36.235, 'max_score': 2229.583, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw2229583.jpg'}, {'end': 2534.336, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2507.15, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2513.151, 'text': 'So backslash is an escape character and backslash double quote is an escape sequence.', 'start': 2507.15, 'duration': 6.001}, {'end': 2518.052, 'text': 'In Python strings we have a few other escape sequences that you should be aware of.', 'start': 2513.911, 'duration': 4.141}, {'end': 2519.552, 'text': 'Let me show you.', 'start': 2518.852, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 2524.313, 'text': 'So in Python we use a hash sign to indicate a comment.', 'start': 2520.733, 'duration': 3.58}, {'end': 2528.154, 'text': 'A comment is like additional note that we add to our program.', 'start': 2524.833, 'duration': 3.321}, {'end': 2531.315, 'text': "It's not executed by Python interpreter, okay?", 'start': 2528.354, 'duration': 2.961}, {'end': 2534.336, 'text': 'So here are the escape sequences.', 'start': 2531.895, 'duration': 2.441}], 'summary': 'In python, escape sequences including backslash and hash sign are used for specific purposes.', 'duration': 27.186, 'max_score': 2507.15, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw2507150.jpg'}, {'end': 2745.074, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2723.683, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2732.307, 'text': "In this lecture, we're going to look at a few useful functions available to work with strings So earlier you learned about this built-in len function.", 'start': 2723.683, 'duration': 8.624}, {'end': 2736.97, 'text': "This function is general purpose So it's not limited to strings later.", 'start': 2732.948, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 2745.074, 'text': 'I will show you how to use this function with other kind of objects But in Python we have quite a few functions that are specific to strings.', 'start': 2737.05, 'duration': 8.024}], 'summary': 'Python lecture on string functions and built-in len function.', 'duration': 21.391, 'max_score': 2723.683, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw2723683.jpg'}, {'end': 2864.003, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2833.986, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2839.33, 'text': 'we also have the lower method to convert a string to lowercase.', 'start': 2833.986, 'duration': 5.344}, {'end': 2845.574, 'text': 'we also have title, which will capitalize the first letter of every word.', 'start': 2839.33, 'duration': 6.244}, {'end': 2854.72, 'text': 'so if our string was like this, when we call the title method, we get python programming, as you see here.', 'start': 2845.574, 'duration': 9.146}, {'end': 2864.003, 'text': 'Okay, Another useful method is strip, and we use it to trim any white space at the beginning or end of a string.', 'start': 2855.38, 'duration': 8.623}], 'summary': 'String methods include lower, title, and strip for formatting and manipulation.', 'duration': 30.017, 'max_score': 2833.986, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw2833986.jpg'}], 'start': 1716.265, 'title': 'Python string manipulation', 'summary': 'Covers python string manipulation, including functions like len, accessing characters, and slicing strings with practical demonstrations, along with special characters, formatted strings, and useful string methods in python.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1895.437, 'start': 1716.265, 'title': 'Programming variables and data types', 'summary': "Discusses the basics of variables, including their purpose of storing data in computer's memory, and the different primitive data types such as integers, floating point numbers, booleans, and strings in python.", 'duration': 179.172, 'highlights': ["Variables are used to store data in computer's memory, such as setting a variable 'students_count' to 1000.", 'The chapter explains the different primitive data types in Python, including integers, floating point numbers, booleans, and strings.', "The importance of case sensitivity in Python for boolean values is emphasized, with only capitalized 'True' and 'False' being accepted as valid boolean values."]}, {'end': 2133.195, 'start': 1895.437, 'title': 'Variables in python programs', 'summary': 'Discusses the best practices for naming variables, including using descriptive and meaningful names, lowercase letters, underscores to separate multiple words, and proper formatting, emphasizing the importance of clean code. it also introduces the concept of working with text in python and the use of quotes for strings.', 'duration': 237.758, 'highlights': ['The importance of using descriptive and meaningful variable names is emphasized, promoting code maintainability.', 'The use of lowercase letters for variable names is consistently emphasized.', 'The use of underscores to separate multiple words in variable names is encouraged for improved readability.', 'Emphasizing the importance of writing clean and properly formatted code, as well as the use of PEP-8 guidelines for code formatting.', 'Introduction to working with text in Python and the usage of quotes for strings is provided.']}, {'end': 2414.374, 'start': 2134.335, 'title': 'Python string manipulation', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of functions in python, including the built-in len function to get the length of strings, accessing specific characters using index notation, and slicing strings to extract substrings with practical demonstrations.', 'duration': 280.039, 'highlights': ['The len function in Python returns the number of characters in a string, demonstrated with an example yielding 18 characters.', 'Accessing specific characters in a string using index notation is explained, with examples of retrieving the first and last characters.', 'Slicing strings to extract specific substrings is demonstrated, including examples of extracting the first three characters and copying the entire string.']}, {'end': 3068.335, 'start': 2414.374, 'title': 'Python strings and escape sequences', 'summary': 'Covers using escape sequences to include special characters in python strings, the advantages of formatted strings, and useful string methods, such as upper, lower, title, strip, find, replace, and in operator, with examples and their outputs', 'duration': 653.961, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains how to use escape sequences, such as backslash, double quote, single quote, double backslash, and backslash n, to include special characters in Python strings, and demonstrates the use of these escape sequences with examples and their outputs, highlighting the importance of using escape characters to handle special characters effectively.', 'The chapter highlights the advantages of using formatted strings in Python, which enables the inclusion of expressions within curly braces to be evaluated at runtime, and illustrates the usage of valid expressions within formatted strings to showcase its flexibility and outputs, emphasizing the benefits of formatted strings over traditional concatenation for building strings.', 'The chapter introduces and demonstrates the usage of various useful string methods, such as upper, lower, title, strip, find, replace, and in operator, with examples and their outputs, showcasing how these methods can be used to manipulate strings effectively and the outputs of each method, emphasizing the importance of understanding and using these methods when working with strings.']}], 'duration': 1352.07, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw1716265.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces and demonstrates the usage of various useful string methods, such as upper, lower, title, strip, find, replace, and in operator, with examples and their outputs, showcasing how these methods can be used to manipulate strings effectively and the outputs of each method, emphasizing the importance of understanding and using these methods when working with strings.', 'The chapter explains how to use escape sequences, such as backslash, double quote, single quote, double backslash, and backslash n, to include special characters in Python strings, and demonstrates the use of these escape sequences with examples and their outputs, highlighting the importance of using escape characters to handle special characters effectively.', 'The len function in Python returns the number of characters in a string, demonstrated with an example yielding 18 characters.', 'The importance of using descriptive and meaningful variable names is emphasized, promoting code maintainability.', 'Accessing specific characters in a string using index notation is explained, with examples of retrieving the first and last characters.']}, {'end': 3960.131, 'segs': [{'end': 3101.932, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3068.335, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3070.757, 'text': 'so these are the useful string methods.', 'start': 3068.335, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 3071.999, 'text': "next we'll look at numbers.", 'start': 3070.757, 'duration': 1.242}, {'end': 3083.035, 'text': 'Python. we have three types of numbers.', 'start': 3080.573, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 3085.037, 'text': 'two of these you have already seen before.', 'start': 3083.035, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 3088.62, 'text': 'they are integers and floats.', 'start': 3085.037, 'duration': 3.583}, {'end': 3099.43, 'text': 'we also have complex numbers, so complex numbers in math are in the form a plus bi, Where I is the imaginary number.', 'start': 3088.62, 'duration': 10.81}, {'end': 3101.932, 'text': "if you're not familiar with this concept, don't worry.", 'start': 3099.43, 'duration': 2.502}], 'summary': 'Python has three types of numbers: integers, floats, and complex numbers in the form a+bi.', 'duration': 33.597, 'max_score': 3068.335, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw3068335.jpg'}, {'end': 3158.396, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3125.69, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3131.294, 'text': 'And by the way, as I told you before, this is just a comment or an additional note in our program.', 'start': 3125.69, 'duration': 5.604}, {'end': 3135.436, 'text': 'When we run this program, anything after this hash sign will be ignored.', 'start': 3131.674, 'duration': 3.762}, {'end': 3141.041, 'text': 'So these are the three types of numbers we have in Python for all these types of numbers.', 'start': 3136.377, 'duration': 4.664}, {'end': 3145.885, 'text': 'We have the standard Arithmetic operations that we have in math.', 'start': 3141.441, 'duration': 4.444}, {'end': 3158.396, 'text': 'Let me show you so we have addition subtraction multiplication Division, but we actually have two different types of divisions.', 'start': 3146.506, 'duration': 11.89}], 'summary': 'Python program has three types of numbers and standard arithmetic operations including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and two types of division.', 'duration': 32.706, 'max_score': 3125.69, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw3125690.jpg'}, {'end': 3296.263, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3272.583, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3280.299, 'text': "So if we pass negative 2.9 here, we'll get positive 2.9.", 'start': 3272.583, 'duration': 7.716}, {'end': 3284.52, 'text': 'Technically we have only a handful of built-in functions to work with numbers.', 'start': 3280.299, 'duration': 4.221}, {'end': 3292.522, 'text': 'If you want to write a program that involves complex mathematical calculations, you need to use the math module.', 'start': 3285.18, 'duration': 7.342}, {'end': 3296.263, 'text': 'A module is like a separate file with some Python code.', 'start': 3293.222, 'duration': 3.041}], 'summary': 'Using the math module allows for complex mathematical calculations in python.', 'duration': 23.68, 'max_score': 3272.583, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw3272583.jpg'}, {'end': 3473.364, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3438.353, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3441.135, 'text': "Let's enter a value like 1.", 'start': 3438.353, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 3441.855, 'text': 'We got an error.', 'start': 3441.135, 'duration': 0.72}, {'end': 3443.356, 'text': 'Type error.', 'start': 3442.436, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 3451.598, 'text': 'What is going on here? Well, when we receive input from the user, this input always comes as a string.', 'start': 3443.956, 'duration': 7.642}, {'end': 3455.359, 'text': 'So this expression at runtime will look like this.', 'start': 3452.398, 'duration': 2.961}, {'end': 3458.62, 'text': 'String one plus one.', 'start': 3456.499, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 3463.982, 'text': 'Note that the number one is different from string one because these are two different types.', 'start': 3459.32, 'duration': 4.662}, {'end': 3473.364, 'text': "Now, when python sees this expression, it doesn't know what to do, because two objects can be concatenated if they are of the same type.", 'start': 3464.702, 'duration': 8.662}], 'summary': "Input value '1' caused a type error due to string concatenation in python.", 'duration': 35.011, 'max_score': 3438.353, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw3438353.jpg'}, {'end': 3729.831, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3692.772, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3703.354, 'text': 'What are the built-in primitive types in Python? We have strings, numbers, and booleans.', 'start': 3692.772, 'duration': 10.582}, {'end': 3708.335, 'text': 'Numbers can be integers, floats, or complex numbers.', 'start': 3704.014, 'duration': 4.321}, {'end': 3710.381, 'text': "Here's the second question.", 'start': 3709.4, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 3713.382, 'text': 'We have this variable fruit set to apple.', 'start': 3711.101, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 3727.169, 'text': 'What do you think we will see on the terminal when we print fruit of one? Well, using square brackets, we can access individual characters.', 'start': 3713.962, 'duration': 13.207}, {'end': 3729.831, 'text': 'The index of the first character is zero.', 'start': 3727.77, 'duration': 2.061}], 'summary': 'Python has built-in primitive types: strings, numbers, and booleans.', 'duration': 37.059, 'max_score': 3692.772, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw3692772.jpg'}, {'end': 3878.146, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3851.479, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3854.963, 'text': "We're gonna start this section by exploring comparison operators.", 'start': 3851.479, 'duration': 3.484}, {'end': 3859.688, 'text': 'We use comparison operators to compare values Here are a few examples.', 'start': 3855.523, 'duration': 4.165}, {'end': 3864.032, 'text': 'So 10 is greater than 3, we get true.', 'start': 3859.948, 'duration': 4.084}, {'end': 3871.48, 'text': "So what we have here is a boolean expression, because when this expression is evaluated, we'll get a boolean value.", 'start': 3864.032, 'duration': 7.448}, {'end': 3872.661, 'text': 'that is true or false.', 'start': 3871.48, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 3878.146, 'text': "and Here's another example 10 is greater than or equal to 3.", 'start': 3872.661, 'duration': 5.485}], 'summary': 'Exploring comparison operators with examples, 10 > 3 yields true, boolean expressions evaluated for true or false.', 'duration': 26.667, 'max_score': 3851.479, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw3851479.jpg'}], 'start': 3068.335, 'title': 'Python numbers, math operations, type conversion, and comparison operators', 'summary': "Covers python numbers including integers, floats, and complex numbers, arithmetic operations, augmented assignment operators, built-in functions, and the math module. it also delves into type conversion, emphasizing the need to convert string input to integer, and explores comparison operators with examples like 10 > 3 evaluating to true, and 'bag' > 'apple' also evaluating to true.", 'chapters': [{'end': 3391.438, 'start': 3068.335, 'title': 'Python numbers and math operations', 'summary': 'Covers the three types of numbers in python (integers, floats, and complex numbers), arithmetic operations, augmented assignment operators, useful built-in functions such as round and abs, and the math module for complex mathematical calculations.', 'duration': 323.103, 'highlights': ['Python has three types of numbers: integers, floats, and complex numbers.', 'Python provides standard arithmetic operations including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, and exponentiation.', 'Python includes augmented assignment operators for shorthand expressions.', 'Python has built-in functions like round and ABS for rounding numbers and obtaining absolute values.', 'The math module in Python offers various mathematical functions for complex calculations.', 'The input function in Python is used to receive input from the user.']}, {'end': 3960.131, 'start': 3392.018, 'title': 'Python type conversion and comparison operators', 'summary': "Covers python type conversion, highlighting the need to convert string input to integer for mathematical operations, and explores comparison operators with examples like 10 > 3 evaluating to true, and 'bag' > 'apple' also evaluating to true.", 'duration': 568.113, 'highlights': ["The need to convert string input to integer for mathematical operations, as Python interprets 'string' + 1 as 'string1', resulting in a TypeError, emphasizing the importance of type conversion for proper computation.", "Exploring comparison operators with examples like 10 > 3 evaluating to true, and 'bag' > 'apple' also evaluating to true, demonstrating the functionality of comparison operators in Python.", 'The concept of truthy and falsy values in Python, with examples like bool(0) resulting in false, and bool(1) resulting in true, highlighting the evaluation of different values in boolean context.', 'Explaining the built-in primitive types in Python, comprising strings, numbers (integers, floats, or complex numbers), and booleans, providing an overview of the fundamental data types in Python.']}], 'duration': 891.796, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw3068335.jpg', 'highlights': ['Python has three types of numbers: integers, floats, and complex numbers.', 'Python provides standard arithmetic operations including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, and exponentiation.', 'The math module in Python offers various mathematical functions for complex calculations.', "The need to convert string input to integer for mathematical operations, as Python interprets 'string' + 1 as 'string1', resulting in a TypeError, emphasizing the importance of type conversion for proper computation.", "Exploring comparison operators with examples like 10 > 3 evaluating to true, and 'bag' > 'apple' also evaluating to true, demonstrating the functionality of comparison operators in Python.", 'Explaining the built-in primitive types in Python, comprising strings, numbers (integers, floats, or complex numbers), and booleans, providing an overview of the fundamental data types in Python.']}, {'end': 4907.206, 'segs': [{'end': 4017.172, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3960.131, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3964.617, 'text': 'That is the reason these two strings are not equal.', 'start': 3960.131, 'duration': 4.486}, {'end': 3967.241, 'text': 'So these are the comparison operators in Python.', 'start': 3964.617, 'duration': 2.624}, {'end': 3969.124, 'text': "next we'll look at conditional statements.", 'start': 3967.241, 'duration': 1.883}, {'end': 3983.244, 'text': "In almost every program, there are times you need to make decisions, and that's when you use an if statement.", 'start': 3977.458, 'duration': 5.786}, {'end': 3984.825, 'text': "Here's an example.", 'start': 3984.044, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 3988.088, 'text': "Let's say we have a variable called temperature.", 'start': 3985.526, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 3990.691, 'text': 'We set it to 35.', 'start': 3988.108, 'duration': 2.583}, {'end': 3995.756, 'text': 'Now, if temperature is greater than 30, perhaps we want to display a message to the user.', 'start': 3990.691, 'duration': 5.065}, {'end': 3998.258, 'text': 'So we use an if statement.', 'start': 3996.356, 'duration': 1.902}, {'end': 4007.045, 'text': 'if, After, if we add a condition, which is basically a boolean expression, an expression that produces a boolean value,', 'start': 3998.258, 'duration': 8.787}, {'end': 4011.728, 'text': 'So if temperature is greater than 30, here we have a boolean expression.', 'start': 4007.045, 'duration': 4.683}, {'end': 4017.172, 'text': 'if this expression Evaluates to true, the following statements will be executed', 'start': 4011.728, 'duration': 5.444}], 'summary': 'Python comparison operators and conditional statements for decision making in programs.', 'duration': 57.041, 'max_score': 3960.131, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw3960131.jpg'}, {'end': 4063.396, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4036.082, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4046.084, 'text': 'this is very important because using these indentations, python interpreter will know what statements should be executed if this condition is true.', 'start': 4036.082, 'duration': 10.002}, {'end': 4047.605, 'text': 'here we want to print a message.', 'start': 4046.084, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 4055.29, 'text': "like it's warm, we can print another message as well drink water.", 'start': 4047.605, 'duration': 7.685}, {'end': 4059.933, 'text': 'so we can have as many statements as we want here, as long as they are indented.', 'start': 4055.29, 'duration': 4.643}, {'end': 4063.396, 'text': 'they belong to this if block.', 'start': 4059.933, 'duration': 3.463}], 'summary': 'Using indentations in python helps the interpreter execute conditionally indented statements.', 'duration': 27.314, 'max_score': 4036.082, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw4036082.jpg'}, {'end': 4113.241, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4088.843, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 4095.268, 'text': 'So when we save the changes, auto pep-8 reformats our code and uses four white spaces for indentation.', 'start': 4088.843, 'duration': 6.425}, {'end': 4097.77, 'text': 'So one, two, three, four.', 'start': 4095.268, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 4102.974, 'text': "it uses four white spaces, because that's what pep-8 recommends, All right.", 'start': 4097.77, 'duration': 5.204}, {'end': 4104.135, 'text': "Now let's run this program.", 'start': 4103.014, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 4113.241, 'text': 'and so, because temperature is greater than 30, we see the first two messages and we see the done message regardless.', 'start': 4104.135, 'duration': 9.106}], 'summary': 'Auto pep-8 reformats code with 4 white spaces for indentation, following pep-8 recommendations.', 'duration': 24.398, 'max_score': 4088.843, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw4088843.jpg'}, {'end': 4162.689, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4134.274, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4143.365, 'text': "if the condition is true, Accidentally they remove the indentation on the fourth line and that's why their program doesn't work as they expect.", 'start': 4134.274, 'duration': 9.091}, {'end': 4145.848, 'text': 'so be careful about this.', 'start': 4143.365, 'duration': 2.483}, {'end': 4148.29, 'text': 'Now what if you want to have multiple conditions??', 'start': 4145.848, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 4150.665, 'text': 'We use an elif statement.', 'start': 4149.264, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 4154.225, 'text': 'So elif, that is short for else if.', 'start': 4151.085, 'duration': 3.14}, {'end': 4158.346, 'text': 'Here we can add another condition, another expression.', 'start': 4155.206, 'duration': 3.14}, {'end': 4161.729, 'text': 'So temperature is greater than 20.', 'start': 4158.466, 'duration': 3.263}, {'end': 4162.689, 'text': 'Once again, colon.', 'start': 4161.729, 'duration': 0.96}], 'summary': 'Be cautious of accidental indentation removal; use elif for multiple conditions.', 'duration': 28.415, 'max_score': 4134.274, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw4134274.jpg'}, {'end': 4388.137, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4348.891, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4351.752, 'text': 'So what we have here is called ternary operator.', 'start': 4348.891, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 4367.842, 'text': 'Python, we have three logical operators and we use these operators to model more complex conditions.', 'start': 4360.075, 'duration': 7.767}, {'end': 4373.026, 'text': 'so these operators are and, or and Not.', 'start': 4367.842, 'duration': 5.184}, {'end': 4375.569, 'text': "let's see a real world example of using these operators.", 'start': 4373.026, 'duration': 2.543}, {'end': 4380.032, 'text': "So imagine we're building an application for processing loans.", 'start': 4376.129, 'duration': 3.903}, {'end': 4388.137, 'text': 'So we need two variables high income we can set this to true and good.', 'start': 4380.032, 'duration': 8.105}], 'summary': 'Ternary operator in python has 3 logical operators: and, or, not.', 'duration': 39.246, 'max_score': 4348.891, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw4348891.jpg'}, {'end': 4754.676, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4721.283, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 4724.924, 'text': 'So, in Python, logical operators are short circuit.', 'start': 4721.283, 'duration': 3.641}, {'end': 4736.708, 'text': "In this lecture, I'm going to show you how to chain comparison operators.", 'start': 4733.087, 'duration': 3.621}, {'end': 4739.629, 'text': 'This is a very powerful technique for writing clean code.', 'start': 4737.028, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 4740.87, 'text': "Here's an example.", 'start': 4740.069, 'duration': 0.801}, {'end': 4749.093, 'text': "Let's say we want to implement a rule that says age should be between 18 and 65.", 'start': 4741.45, 'duration': 7.643}, {'end': 4750.274, 'text': "Here's how we can implement it.", 'start': 4749.093, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 4754.676, 'text': 'So we define a variable like age, set it to 22.', 'start': 4750.814, 'duration': 3.862}], 'summary': "Python's logical operators are short circuit. chaining comparison operators is a powerful technique for clean code.", 'duration': 33.393, 'max_score': 4721.283, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw4721283.jpg'}], 'start': 3960.131, 'title': 'Python conditional statements and operators', 'summary': 'Covers python comparison operators, conditional statements, if-else statements, ternary operator, logical operators, and best practices for writing clean code. it includes examples and pep-8 recommendations for indentation.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4017.172, 'start': 3960.131, 'title': 'Python comparison operators and conditional statements', 'summary': 'Covers python comparison operators and conditional statements, including the explanation of comparison operators and the use of if statements with an example of a boolean expression evaluating to true.', 'duration': 57.041, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers Python comparison operators and conditional statements, including the explanation of comparison operators and the use of if statements with an example of a boolean expression evaluating to true.', 'In Python, the comparison operators are used to compare two values and determine their relationship. For example, explaining why two strings are not equal is demonstrated.', "The chapter illustrates the usage of conditional statements, particularly the if statement, for making decisions in programs. An example involving a variable 'temperature' set to 35 and a condition of temperature greater than 30 is provided."]}, {'end': 4314.741, 'start': 4017.392, 'title': 'Python if-else statements', 'summary': 'Explains the importance of using indentation in if-else statements in python, the usage of if, elif, and else statements, and a technique for writing cleaner code, with examples and best practices, and also mentions that pep-8 recommends using four white spaces for indentation.', 'duration': 297.349, 'highlights': ['The importance of using indentation in if-else statements in Python', 'The usage of if, elif, and else statements', 'A technique for writing cleaner code', 'PEP-8 recommends using four white spaces for indentation']}, {'end': 4907.206, 'start': 4315.781, 'title': 'Ternary operator and logical operators in python', 'summary': 'Explains the ternary operator, using logical operators (and, or, not) in python to model complex conditions, and chaining comparison operators to write clean code.', 'duration': 591.425, 'highlights': ["Python's logical operators (and, or, not) are used to model complex conditions.", 'Ternary operator in Python is shown to condense code and simplify conditional statements.', 'Chaining comparison operators is demonstrated as a technique for writing cleaner code in Python.']}], 'duration': 947.075, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw3960131.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter covers Python comparison operators and conditional statements, including the explanation of comparison operators and the use of if statements with an example of a boolean expression evaluating to true.', "The chapter illustrates the usage of conditional statements, particularly the if statement, for making decisions in programs. An example involving a variable 'temperature' set to 35 and a condition of temperature greater than 30 is provided.", "Python's logical operators (and, or, not) are used to model complex conditions.", 'Ternary operator in Python is shown to condense code and simplify conditional statements.', 'The importance of using indentation in if-else statements in Python', 'The usage of if, elif, and else statements', 'Chaining comparison operators is demonstrated as a technique for writing cleaner code in Python.', 'PEP-8 recommends using four white spaces for indentation', 'In Python, the comparison operators are used to compare two values and determine their relationship. For example, explaining why two strings are not equal is demonstrated.']}, {'end': 6172.504, 'segs': [{'end': 4993.31, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4962.838, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4964.599, 'text': 'We have a built-in function called range.', 'start': 4962.838, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 4969.161, 'text': "Now, how many times we want to repeat this task? Let's say three times.", 'start': 4965.56, 'duration': 3.601}, {'end': 4972.722, 'text': 'So we call range and pass three as an argument.', 'start': 4969.921, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 4980.984, 'text': 'Now, similar to our if statements, we need to terminate this line with a colon, enter, we get indentation.', 'start': 4973.722, 'duration': 7.262}, {'end': 4986.166, 'text': 'So in this block, we can write all the statements that should be repeated three times.', 'start': 4981.485, 'duration': 4.681}, {'end': 4993.31, 'text': "Let's do a print a message like attempt Save the changes run the program.", 'start': 4987.006, 'duration': 6.304}], 'summary': 'Using the range function to repeat a task three times in python.', 'duration': 30.472, 'max_score': 4962.838, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw4962838.jpg'}, {'end': 5198.961, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5177.333, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5187.657, 'text': 'if successful colon, then perhaps we can print successful Now here we want to jump out of this loop for that.', 'start': 5177.333, 'duration': 10.324}, {'end': 5192.519, 'text': "We use the break statement Let's run this program and see what happens.", 'start': 5187.677, 'duration': 4.842}, {'end': 5194.379, 'text': 'So there you go.', 'start': 5192.519, 'duration': 1.86}, {'end': 5198.961, 'text': "after the first attempt, you're successful and there are no more attempts.", 'start': 5194.379, 'duration': 4.582}], 'summary': 'Successful program run with 1 attempt and 1 success.', 'duration': 21.628, 'max_score': 5177.333, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw5177333.jpg'}, {'end': 5569.066, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5539.5, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5549.437, 'text': "now, what is interesting about this range object is that it's iterable, which means we can iterate over it or use it in a for loop.", 'start': 5539.5, 'duration': 9.937}, {'end': 5552.382, 'text': 'that is why we can write code like this.', 'start': 5549.437, 'duration': 2.945}, {'end': 5561.603, 'text': 'So this range function returns a range object which is iterable, Which means we can iterate over it.', 'start': 5554.4, 'duration': 7.203}, {'end': 5565.845, 'text': 'in each iteration, X will have a different value.', 'start': 5561.603, 'duration': 4.242}, {'end': 5569.066, 'text': 'Now, range objects are not the only iterable objects.', 'start': 5565.845, 'duration': 3.221}], 'summary': 'The range object is iterable, allowing for iteration and use in a for loop.', 'duration': 29.566, 'max_score': 5539.5, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw5539500.jpg'}, {'end': 5803.81, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5772.906, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5776.25, 'text': 'That is the condition that causes the while loop to terminate.', 'start': 5772.906, 'duration': 3.344}, {'end': 5779.393, 'text': 'Let me show you how to build something like this in Python.', 'start': 5776.91, 'duration': 2.483}, {'end': 5785.5, 'text': "So let's define a variable, command, and set it to an empty string.", 'start': 5781.135, 'duration': 4.365}, {'end': 5788.262, 'text': 'Now, here we need a while loop.', 'start': 5786.621, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 5794.045, 'text': 'We want this while loop to execute as long as command does not equal to quit.', 'start': 5788.982, 'duration': 5.063}, {'end': 5797.767, 'text': 'So command does not equal to quit.', 'start': 5794.885, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 5803.81, 'text': 'In this loop, we want to continuously get input from the user.', 'start': 5799.167, 'duration': 4.643}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates building a while loop in python to continuously get user input.', 'duration': 30.904, 'max_score': 5772.906, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw5772906.jpg'}, {'end': 6133.482, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 6040.607, 'weight': 0.715, 'content': [{'end': 6044.268, 'text': 'Just be aware of these infinite loops because they run forever.', 'start': 6040.607, 'duration': 3.661}, {'end': 6048.15, 'text': 'You should always have a way to jump out of them.', 'start': 6044.368, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 6050.391, 'text': 'Otherwise your program will run forever.', 'start': 6048.47, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 6057.021, 'text': "and this can sometimes cause issues, because if you're executing operations that consume memory at some point,", 'start': 6050.931, 'duration': 6.09}, {'end': 6069.391, 'text': 'your program may run out of memory and crash All right time for an exercise.', 'start': 6057.021, 'duration': 12.37}, {'end': 6075.773, 'text': 'I want you to write a program to display the even numbers between one to 10.', 'start': 6070.131, 'duration': 5.642}, {'end': 6079.175, 'text': 'So when you run this program, you should see two, four, six, and eight.', 'start': 6075.773, 'duration': 3.402}, {'end': 6081.976, 'text': 'And after these, I want you to print this message.', 'start': 6079.775, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 6084.297, 'text': 'We have four even numbers.', 'start': 6082.336, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 6087.74, 'text': 'Now here is a quick hint before you get started.', 'start': 6085.578, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 6091.622, 'text': 'You should call the range function with 1 and 10.', 'start': 6088.24, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 6094.324, 'text': 'Do not use the third argument which is called step.', 'start': 6091.622, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 6099.268, 'text': 'So basically I want you to iterate over all the numbers between 1 to 10.', 'start': 6094.865, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 6103.371, 'text': 'Check if each number is an even number and then print it on the terminal.', 'start': 6099.268, 'duration': 4.103}, {'end': 6107.254, 'text': 'So pause the video, spend 2 minutes on this exercise.', 'start': 6104.191, 'duration': 3.063}, {'end': 6109.115, 'text': "When you're done, come back, continue watching.", 'start': 6107.354, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 6126.335, 'text': 'So we start with a for loop for number in range 1 to 10, colon, we check to see if the remainder of division of this number by 2 equals 0.', 'start': 6113.703, 'duration': 12.632}, {'end': 6133.482, 'text': 'So if number module is 2 equals 0, then reprint this number.', 'start': 6126.335, 'duration': 7.147}], 'summary': 'Beware of infinite loops, write program to display even numbers from 1 to 10, and confirm count of even numbers.', 'duration': 92.875, 'max_score': 6040.607, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw6040607.jpg'}], 'start': 4907.206, 'title': 'Python looping concepts', 'summary': "Introduces using loops for repetition, python for loops and control statements, iteration and looping in python, and a while loop example. it covers concepts like using for loops with the range function, nested loops, the range function for iteration, while loop application, and pitfalls of using 'and' operator. it also includes a real-world example and an exercise.", 'chapters': [{'end': 5149.595, 'start': 4907.206, 'title': 'Using loops for repetition', 'summary': 'Introduces the concept of using loops for creating repetition, such as repeating a task a specific number of times using a for loop with the range function, and demonstrates how to simplify code and make it cleaner by using start, finish, and step arguments.', 'duration': 242.389, 'highlights': ['The for loop with the range function is used to repeat a task a specific number of times, demonstrated by printing a message three times using the range(3) function.', 'Demonstrates how to simplify code and make it cleaner by using start, finish, and step arguments in the range function to avoid adding one to the number variable every time, resulting in the same output as before.']}, {'end': 5482.631, 'start': 5150.276, 'title': 'Python loops and control statements', 'summary': 'Demonstrates how to use python for loops to control program flow, including using the break statement to exit loops and implementing nested loops to repeat statements, achieving various results.', 'duration': 332.355, 'highlights': ['Demonstrating the use of the break statement to exit a loop when a certain condition is met.', 'Explaining the concept of nested loops and showcasing their practical implementation to achieve specific results.', 'Highlighting the importance of proper indentation in Python loops and addressing common issues faced by beginners.']}, {'end': 5743.659, 'start': 5482.631, 'title': 'Python iteration and looping', 'summary': 'Discusses the range function, which returns an iterable range object, and demonstrates how to iterate over strings, lists, and custom objects. it also explains the while loop and its application with a numerical example.', 'duration': 261.028, 'highlights': ['The range function returns an iterable range object, allowing iteration over a sequence of numbers or elements.', 'Demonstration of iterating over strings and lists, showcasing their iterable nature and ability to be used in for loops.', 'Explanation of creating custom iterable objects and their use in for loops, exemplified by a custom shopping cart object.', 'Introduction to the while loop and its use for repeating a task based on a condition, illustrated with a numerical example.']}, {'end': 6172.504, 'start': 5744.824, 'title': 'Python while loop example', 'summary': "Demonstrates a while loop in python, with a real-world example, explaining how to build a program that executes until the user enters 'quit', highlighting the pitfalls of using 'and' operator for case-insensitive comparison and the concept of infinite loops, with an exercise to display even numbers between 1 to 10.", 'duration': 427.68, 'highlights': ["The chapter demonstrates a while loop example in Python, showing how to build a program that executes until the user enters 'quit', using while loop with condition 'command does not equal to quit'.", "The importance of case-insensitive comparison is highlighted, where the pitfalls of using 'and' operator for case-insensitive comparison are explained, and a better approach using the lower method is demonstrated.", 'The concept of infinite loops is explained, where an example of an infinite loop running forever is shown, emphasizing the need for a break statement to jump out of an infinite loop to avoid program crash and memory issues.', 'An exercise to display even numbers between 1 to 10 is presented, with a demonstration of using a for loop and the remainder of division to identify even numbers, along with counting and displaying the total even numbers found.']}], 'duration': 1265.298, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw4907206.jpg', 'highlights': ['The for loop with the range function is used to repeat a task a specific number of times, demonstrated by printing a message three times using the range(3) function.', 'Demonstrating the use of the break statement to exit a loop when a certain condition is met.', "The chapter demonstrates a while loop example in Python, showing how to build a program that executes until the user enters 'quit', using while loop with condition 'command does not equal to quit'.", 'The range function returns an iterable range object, allowing iteration over a sequence of numbers or elements.']}, {'end': 7183.614, 'segs': [{'end': 6234.844, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6206.602, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6209.705, 'text': 'Now, you might ask, but why do we even need to write our own functions??', 'start': 6206.602, 'duration': 3.103}, {'end': 6217.171, 'text': 'Well, when you build a real program, that program is going to consist hundreds or thousands of lines of code.', 'start': 6210.225, 'duration': 6.946}, {'end': 6221.574, 'text': "You shouldn't write all that code in one file, like we have done so far.", 'start': 6217.751, 'duration': 3.823}, {'end': 6228.339, 'text': 'You should break that code into smaller, more maintainable and potentially more reusable chunks.', 'start': 6221.574, 'duration': 6.765}, {'end': 6230.221, 'text': 'You refer to these chunks as functions.', 'start': 6228.339, 'duration': 1.882}, {'end': 6234.844, 'text': 'So let me show you how to create your own custom functions.', 'start': 6231.001, 'duration': 3.843}], 'summary': 'Custom functions help break code into smaller, more maintainable chunks, potentially reusable.', 'duration': 28.242, 'max_score': 6206.602, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw6206602.jpg'}, {'end': 6522.349, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6492.028, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6499.037, 'text': 'Functions that perform a task and functions that calculate and return a value.', 'start': 6492.028, 'duration': 7.009}, {'end': 6506.341, 'text': 'here are some examples both the print and greet functions are examples of type 1.', 'start': 6499.998, 'duration': 6.343}, {'end': 6510.723, 'text': "they're performing a task which is printing something on the terminal.", 'start': 6506.341, 'duration': 4.382}, {'end': 6519.187, 'text': 'in contrast, the round function is an example of a function that calculates and returns a value,', 'start': 6510.723, 'duration': 8.464}, {'end': 6522.349, 'text': 'so the functions that you create fall into these two categories.', 'start': 6519.187, 'duration': 3.162}], 'summary': 'Functions can be categorized as performing a task or calculating and returning a value.', 'duration': 30.321, 'max_score': 6492.028, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw6492028.jpg'}, {'end': 6602.745, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6574.911, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6579.873, 'text': 'Well, with this first implementation, we are locked to printing something in the terminal.', 'start': 6574.911, 'duration': 4.962}, {'end': 6586.857, 'text': 'In the future, if you want to write that message in a file or send it in an email, you have to create another function.', 'start': 6580.394, 'duration': 6.463}, {'end': 6591.099, 'text': 'So we cannot reuse this great function in other scenarios.', 'start': 6587.617, 'duration': 3.482}, {'end': 6597.362, 'text': 'In contrast, this second form is not tied to printing something on the terminal.', 'start': 6591.899, 'duration': 5.463}, {'end': 6599.283, 'text': 'It simply returns a value.', 'start': 6597.762, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 6602.745, 'text': 'Now we get this value and we can do whatever we want with it.', 'start': 6600.063, 'duration': 2.682}], 'summary': 'First implementation prints, second returns a value for versatile use.', 'duration': 27.834, 'max_score': 6574.911, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw6574911.jpg'}, {'end': 6838.812, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6812.684, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6816.928, 'text': 'So this one here is the value of this by parameter.', 'start': 6812.684, 'duration': 4.244}, {'end': 6821.452, 'text': 'We can prefix it with the name of the parameter like this.', 'start': 6817.569, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 6825.644, 'text': 'Now we can read this code almost like plain English.', 'start': 6822.762, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 6827.805, 'text': 'Increment two by one.', 'start': 6826.284, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 6834.989, 'text': "So if you're calling a function with multiple arguments and it's not quite clear what these arguments are for,", 'start': 6828.666, 'duration': 6.323}, {'end': 6838.812, 'text': 'you can make your code more readable by using keyword arguments.', 'start': 6834.989, 'duration': 3.823}], 'summary': 'Using keyword arguments can make code more readable and understandable.', 'duration': 26.128, 'max_score': 6812.684, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw6812684.jpg'}, {'end': 7005.748, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6979.989, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 6988.514, 'text': 'to solve this problem, we need to replace these two parameters with a single parameter, and We use a plural name here to indicate that.', 'start': 6979.989, 'duration': 8.525}, {'end': 6990.736, 'text': 'this is a collection of arguments.', 'start': 6988.514, 'duration': 2.222}, {'end': 6993.718, 'text': 'And then we prefix it with an asterisk.', 'start': 6991.516, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 6995.259, 'text': 'This is the magical part.', 'start': 6994.038, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 6998.882, 'text': 'Let me show you what happens when you use an asterisk here.', 'start': 6995.76, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 7004.086, 'text': "So temporarily, let's delete this line and simply print numbers.", 'start': 6999.603, 'duration': 4.483}, {'end': 7005.748, 'text': "Let's see what we get here.", 'start': 7004.747, 'duration': 1.001}], 'summary': 'Replace two parameters with a single parameter, use asterisk to indicate collection of arguments.', 'duration': 25.759, 'max_score': 6979.989, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw6979989.jpg'}], 'start': 6173.566, 'title': 'Python functions', 'summary': 'Covers creating custom functions, using parameters, types of functions, returning values, default return value, and handling variable number of arguments in python with examples and code explanations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6323.422, 'start': 6173.566, 'title': 'Creating custom functions in python', 'summary': 'Introduces the concept of creating custom functions in python, emphasizing the importance of breaking code into smaller, reusable chunks and following best practices for naming functions, with an example of creating a custom function named greet.', 'duration': 149.856, 'highlights': ['The chapter stresses the importance of breaking code into smaller, more maintainable and potentially more reusable chunks, emphasizing the need for writing custom functions for real programs with hundreds or thousands of lines of code.', 'It explains the process of creating custom functions in Python, starting with the def keyword, and emphasizes best practices for naming functions, such as using lowercase letters and underscores to separate multiple words.', 'The example of creating a custom function named greet is provided, demonstrating the structure of defining a function, adding statements within the function, and calling the function with parentheses.', 'The chapter also mentions the recommendation from pep 8 to add two line breaks after defining a custom function, ensuring clean and maintainable code.']}, {'end': 6648.006, 'start': 6324.263, 'title': 'Functions and parameters', 'summary': 'Discusses the difference between parameters and arguments, the types of functions in programming, and the advantages of returning a value from a function over printing it on the terminal, with examples and code explanations.', 'duration': 323.743, 'highlights': ['The difference between parameters and arguments is explained, with an example of passing values to a function and a clarification of the terms.', 'The concept of functions that perform tasks and functions that calculate and return values is introduced, with examples of both types provided.', 'The advantages of returning a value from a function over printing it on the terminal are explained, with examples demonstrating the flexibility and reusability of the returned value.']}, {'end': 7183.614, 'start': 6648.703, 'title': 'Python functions and arguments', 'summary': 'Explains the default return value of functions in python, the distinction between task-carrying and value-returning functions, the usage of keyword and optional parameters, and the handling of variable number of arguments, with examples and explanations.', 'duration': 534.911, 'highlights': ['Python functions by default return the none-value, which represents the absence of a value.', 'Functions can be classified as either task-carrying or value-returning, regardless of the default return value.', 'Using keyword arguments can enhance the readability of code and clarify the purpose of function arguments.', 'Parameters can be made optional by assigning default values, enabling flexibility in function calls.', 'Asterisk (*) notation can be used to handle a variable number of function arguments, creating iterable collections like tuples and enabling iteration over them.']}], 'duration': 1010.048, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw6173566.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter stresses the importance of breaking code into smaller, more maintainable and potentially more reusable chunks, emphasizing the need for writing custom functions for real programs with hundreds or thousands of lines of code.', 'The concept of functions that perform tasks and functions that calculate and return values is introduced, with examples of both types provided.', 'Using keyword arguments can enhance the readability of code and clarify the purpose of function arguments.', 'The advantages of returning a value from a function over printing it on the terminal are explained, with examples demonstrating the flexibility and reusability of the returned value.', 'Asterisk (*) notation can be used to handle a variable number of function arguments, creating iterable collections like tuples and enabling iteration over them.']}, {'end': 8746.327, 'segs': [{'end': 7218.228, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7184.614, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7190.702, 'text': 'so with this implementation we can get the result and print it on the terminal.', 'start': 7184.614, 'duration': 6.088}, {'end': 7204.744, 'text': "let's run the program and you can see the product of these numbers is 120..", 'start': 7190.702, 'duration': 14.042}, {'end': 7211.166, 'text': 'So, in the last lecture, you learned the syntax to pass a variable number of arguments to a function.', 'start': 7204.744, 'duration': 6.422}, {'end': 7218.228, 'text': "We have a variation of this syntax with double asterisk, and that's what I'm going to show you in this lecture.", 'start': 7211.166, 'duration': 7.062}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating a function that multiplies a variable number of arguments to produce a result of 120.', 'duration': 33.614, 'max_score': 7184.614, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw7184614.jpg'}, {'end': 7322.886, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7295.99, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 7301.012, 'text': 'For now, all I want you to take away is that when we use double asterisk here,', 'start': 7295.99, 'duration': 5.022}, {'end': 7310.236, 'text': 'we can pass multiple key value pairs or multiple keyword arguments to a function, and Python will automatically package them into a dictionary.', 'start': 7301.012, 'duration': 9.224}, {'end': 7312.878, 'text': 'So this user object here is a dictionary.', 'start': 7310.817, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 7322.886, 'text': 'Now, using the bracket notation, we can get the value of various keys in this dictionary, so we can print user Square brackets.', 'start': 7313.678, 'duration': 9.208}], 'summary': 'Using double asterisk in python allows passing multiple key-value pairs to automatically package them into a dictionary.', 'duration': 26.896, 'max_score': 7295.99, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw7295990.jpg'}, {'end': 7465.376, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7434.353, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 7436.555, 'text': 'These local variables have a short lifetime.', 'start': 7434.353, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 7442.86, 'text': "So when we call, let's say, the greet function and pass a name,", 'start': 7437.176, 'duration': 5.684}, {'end': 7450.847, 'text': 'Python interpreter will allocate some memory and have the name and message variables reference those memory locations.', 'start': 7442.86, 'duration': 7.987}, {'end': 7457.631, 'text': 'When we finish executing the grid function, because these variables are not referenced or used anywhere else.', 'start': 7451.507, 'duration': 6.124}, {'end': 7465.376, 'text': 'eventually they get garbage collected, which means Python interpreter will release the memory that allocated for these variables.', 'start': 7457.631, 'duration': 7.745}], 'summary': 'Local variables in python have a short lifetime, getting garbage collected after use.', 'duration': 31.023, 'max_score': 7434.353, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw7434353.jpg'}, {'end': 7580.166, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7551.975, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 7555.9, 'text': "I've seen some tutorials or even books teaching you bad practices.", 'start': 7551.975, 'duration': 3.925}, {'end': 7562.908, 'text': 'For example, they show you how to modify the value of this global message variable inside of a function.', 'start': 7556.3, 'duration': 6.608}, {'end': 7564.45, 'text': 'Let me show you how to do that.', 'start': 7563.409, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 7569.195, 'text': 'But remember, this is a bad practice and you should avoid it at all times.', 'start': 7564.99, 'duration': 4.205}, {'end': 7571.097, 'text': 'I will explain the reason in a second.', 'start': 7569.576, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 7580.166, 'text': 'so these tutorials or books teach you to use the global keyword here and reference the message variable.', 'start': 7571.738, 'duration': 8.428}], 'summary': "Avoid using global keyword for modifying variables, as it's a bad practice.", 'duration': 28.191, 'max_score': 7551.975, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw7551975.jpg'}, {'end': 7756.426, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7732.487, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 7741.254, 'text': 'When we have this file, we can go to the debugging panel and from this list We can select a debugging configuration.', 'start': 7732.487, 'duration': 8.767}, {'end': 7745.357, 'text': 'Some of these configurations are useful for more complex applications.', 'start': 7741.254, 'duration': 4.103}, {'end': 7751.542, 'text': 'For example, we use Python Django to debug a web application built with Python.', 'start': 7745.357, 'duration': 6.185}, {'end': 7756.426, 'text': "for this course, We're going to use Python current file with integrated terminal.", 'start': 7751.542, 'duration': 4.884}], 'summary': 'Select debugging configuration from list for python django web application in this course.', 'duration': 23.939, 'max_score': 7732.487, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw7732487.jpg'}, {'end': 7952.592, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7918.905, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 7921.266, 'text': 'Now here we are on line 5.', 'start': 7918.905, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 7925.029, 'text': 'If we press F10, we can see we jump out of this function.', 'start': 7921.266, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 7928.491, 'text': 'So our loop did not execute to completion.', 'start': 7925.369, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 7931.713, 'text': 'And that is the reason our program has a bug.', 'start': 7928.991, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 7936.776, 'text': "So to fix this, I'm going to stop the debugger with shift and F5.", 'start': 7932.433, 'duration': 4.343}, {'end': 7940.982, 'text': 'now back here.', 'start': 7939.358, 'duration': 1.624}, {'end': 7947.898, 'text': "let's remove the indentation, save the changes, run the program in debug mode one more time.", 'start': 7940.982, 'duration': 6.916}, {'end': 7948.68, 'text': 'so we press f5.', 'start': 7947.898, 'duration': 0.782}, {'end': 7952.592, 'text': 'here we are.', 'start': 7951.331, 'duration': 1.261}], 'summary': 'Debugging process revealed loop bug, fixed by stopping debugger and running program again in debug mode.', 'duration': 33.687, 'max_score': 7918.905, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw7918905.jpg'}, {'end': 8010.043, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7981.414, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 7984.736, 'text': 'here we are at the beginning of the third iteration.', 'start': 7981.414, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 7986.077, 'text': "let's step over this line.", 'start': 7984.736, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 7989.64, 'text': 'and this iteration number is three.', 'start': 7986.077, 'duration': 3.563}, {'end': 7996.765, 'text': "so after we execute this line because total is currently two, when we multiply it by three we'll get six.", 'start': 7989.64, 'duration': 7.125}, {'end': 7998.886, 'text': 'so f10 one more time.', 'start': 7996.765, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 8002.852, 'text': 'now we only have three iterations in this loop.', 'start': 7999.787, 'duration': 3.065}, {'end': 8006.637, 'text': 'so if we press f10 one more time, our loop completes.', 'start': 8002.852, 'duration': 3.785}, {'end': 8010.043, 'text': 'now we are ready to return total, which is currently six.', 'start': 8006.637, 'duration': 3.406}], 'summary': 'At the third iteration, the total is 6 after multiplying by 3.', 'duration': 28.629, 'max_score': 7981.414, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw7981414.jpg'}, {'end': 8085.142, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8058.568, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 8062.209, 'text': 'You can press shift and F11 to step out of that function.', 'start': 8058.568, 'duration': 3.641}, {'end': 8075.981, 'text': "Alright, let's finish up this section by looking at a few very useful shortcuts for writing code fast.", 'start': 8070.56, 'duration': 5.421}, {'end': 8082.142, 'text': "First I'm going to show you the shortcuts for Windows users, and in the next lecture we'll look at the shortcuts for Mac.", 'start': 8076.561, 'duration': 5.581}, {'end': 8085.142, 'text': "So if you're a Mac user, feel free to skip this lecture.", 'start': 8082.562, 'duration': 2.58}], 'summary': 'Learn useful coding shortcuts for windows users.', 'duration': 26.574, 'max_score': 8058.568, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw8058568.jpg'}, {'end': 8136.638, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8106.832, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 8111.538, 'text': 'Similarly, if you want to move the cursor to the beginning of the file, press control and home.', 'start': 8106.832, 'duration': 4.706}, {'end': 8116.543, 'text': 'Here it is, or control and end to go to the end of the file.', 'start': 8112.639, 'duration': 3.904}, {'end': 8119.285, 'text': "Now let's say we want to move this line up.", 'start': 8117.364, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 8129.913, 'text': 'Instead of cutting it from here, and then copying it somewhere else, we can simply move it up by pressing alt and the up or down arrows.', 'start': 8119.846, 'duration': 10.067}, {'end': 8136.638, 'text': 'Or if you want to move these two lines up and down, simply select them, then hold alt, and then up or down.', 'start': 8130.934, 'duration': 5.704}], 'summary': 'Use shortcuts like control+home to navigate file quickly, alt+arrows to move lines.', 'duration': 29.806, 'max_score': 8106.832, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw8106832.jpg'}, {'end': 8713.908, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8666.683, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 8672.184, 'text': 'So what you see here is the simplest and most elegant implementation of the fizzbuzz algorithm.', 'start': 8666.683, 'duration': 5.501}, {'end': 8674.485, 'text': 'And that brings us to the end of this section.', 'start': 8672.904, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 8678.566, 'text': "In the next lecture, we're going to explore data structures in Python.", 'start': 8675.125, 'duration': 3.441}, {'end': 8682.827, 'text': "You're going to learn about lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries.", 'start': 8678.926, 'duration': 3.901}, {'end': 8685.528, 'text': 'I hope you enjoyed this section, and thank you for watching.', 'start': 8683.347, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 8700.199, 'text': "You made it this far, and that makes me think that you're really enthusiastic about learning Python.", 'start': 8695.336, 'duration': 4.863}, {'end': 8706.363, 'text': 'So I highly encourage you to enroll in my complete Python course, where we go way beyond this crash course.', 'start': 8700.58, 'duration': 5.783}, {'end': 8713.908, 'text': 'You will learn how to use Python in real-world scenarios such as data analysis and visualization, automating, repetitive,', 'start': 8706.844, 'duration': 7.064}], 'summary': 'Focusing on fizzbuzz algorithm, next section covers data structures in python. encouragement to enroll in complete python course.', 'duration': 47.225, 'max_score': 8666.683, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw8666683.jpg'}], 'start': 7184.614, 'title': 'Python programming fundamentals', 'summary': 'Introduces variable arguments and double asterisk syntax, covers python functions and variables, debugging and code writing shortcuts, and the fizzbuzz algorithm, highlighting essential concepts and techniques for efficient python programming.', 'chapters': [{'end': 7241.755, 'start': 7184.614, 'title': 'Variable arguments and double asterisk syntax', 'summary': 'Introduces the concept of passing a variable number of arguments to a function and demonstrates the use of double asterisk syntax, showcasing how to save information about a user by utilizing the function.', 'duration': 57.141, 'highlights': ['The product of the numbers is 120', 'Syntax to pass a variable number of arguments to a function', 'Demonstrating the use of double asterisk syntax']}, {'end': 7888.265, 'start': 7242.515, 'title': 'Python functions and variables', 'summary': 'Covers the usage of keyword arguments, dictionaries, local and global variables, and debugging techniques in python functions, highlighting the potential risks of using global variables and the step-by-step debugging process.', 'duration': 645.75, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains how to use double asterisks to pass multiple keyword arguments to a function, which Python automatically packages into a dictionary, showcasing the syntax and functionality of dictionaries in Python.', 'It discusses the concept of scope in Python, distinguishing between local and global variables, emphasizing that local variables have a short lifetime and are confined to the function where they are defined.', 'The chapter warns against the usage of global variables, explaining the potential risks and adverse effects of modifying global variables within functions, and advocates for the best practice of utilizing local variables and parameters in functions.', 'The step-by-step debugging process in Python is detailed, including setting breakpoints, running the application, executing the program line by line, and stepping into user-defined functions using F10 and F11.']}, {'end': 8282.475, 'start': 7888.265, 'title': 'Debugging and code writing shortcuts', 'summary': 'Demonstrates debugging a program by stepping through a loop, fixing a bug, and using shortcuts for efficient code writing, including navigation, line manipulation, and commenting. it covers windows and mac keyboard shortcuts.', 'duration': 394.21, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates debugging a program by stepping through a loop, fixing a bug, and using shortcuts for efficient code writing.', 'It covers Windows and Mac keyboard shortcuts for efficient code writing, including navigation, line manipulation, and commenting.', 'The demonstration includes stepping through a loop, multiplying total by number in each iteration, and fixing a bug by adjusting the indentation.', 'The use of shortcuts for moving the cursor within a line, navigating to the beginning and end of a file, and manipulating lines efficiently is explained.', 'The demonstration showcases the process of converting lines into comments and removing comments using keyboard shortcuts.']}, {'end': 8746.327, 'start': 8283.596, 'title': 'Python fizzbuzz algorithm', 'summary': "Covers the fizzbuzz algorithm, providing an elegant implementation in python, with examples demonstrating the algorithm's functionality and the importance of testing functions with different input values, concluding with an invitation to enroll in a comprehensive python course.", 'duration': 462.731, 'highlights': ["The chapter covers the FizzBuzz algorithm, providing an elegant implementation in Python, with examples demonstrating the algorithm's functionality and the importance of testing functions with different input values.", 'The course instructor encourages viewers to enroll in a comprehensive Python course, highlighting its real-world applications, 30-day money-back guarantee, and a certificate of completion.']}], 'duration': 1561.713, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/yE9v9rt6ziw/pics/yE9v9rt6ziw7184614.jpg', 'highlights': ['The product of the numbers is 120', 'Syntax to pass a variable number of arguments to a function', 'Demonstrating the use of double asterisk syntax', "The chapter covers the FizzBuzz algorithm, providing an elegant implementation in Python, with examples demonstrating the algorithm's functionality and the importance of testing functions with different input values", 'The chapter explains how to use double asterisks to pass multiple keyword arguments to a function, which Python automatically packages into a dictionary, showcasing the syntax and functionality of dictionaries in Python', 'The chapter demonstrates debugging a program by stepping through a loop, fixing a bug, and using shortcuts for efficient code writing', 'It covers Windows and Mac keyboard shortcuts for efficient code writing, including navigation, line manipulation, and commenting', 'The demonstration includes stepping through a loop, multiplying total by number in each iteration, and fixing a bug by adjusting the indentation', 'The use of shortcuts for moving the cursor within a line, navigating to the beginning and end of a file, and manipulating lines efficiently is explained', 'The step-by-step debugging process in Python is detailed, including setting breakpoints, running the application, executing the program line by line, and stepping into user-defined functions using F10 and F11', 'The chapter discusses the concept of scope in Python, distinguishing between local and global variables, emphasizing that local variables have a short lifetime and are confined to the function where they are defined', 'The chapter warns against the usage of global variables, explaining the potential risks and adverse effects of modifying global variables within functions, and advocates for the best practice of utilizing local variables and parameters in functions', 'The course instructor encourages viewers to enroll in a comprehensive Python course, highlighting its real-world applications, 30-day money-back guarantee, and a certificate of completion']}], 'highlights': ["Python is the world's fastest growing and most popular programming language, with its simplicity and cleanliness compared to other languages.", 'Python is embraced by huge companies like Google, Spotify, Dropbox, and Facebook, highlighting its widespread adoption and usage in the industry.', 'Python is the ideal programming language to learn first, with its ability to solve complex problems in less time with fewer lines of code, and its versatility in a wide range of applications.', 'Python offers high-paying and long-lasting career opportunities, particularly in AI and machine learning, with the average salary of a Python developer in the US being over $115,000 in March 2018.', "Python's cross-platform capability fosters accessibility and flexibility on Windows, Mac, and Linux.", "Python's large community provides extensive support, leveraging collective knowledge and experience.", 'Python offers a vast ecosystem of libraries, frameworks, and tools for efficient development.', 'Python 3.7 installation instructions are provided for Windows, Mac, and Linux, ensuring compatibility.', 'The Python extension in VS Code offers linting, debugging, auto completion, code formatting, and unit testing', 'The chapter introduces and demonstrates the usage of various useful string methods, such as upper, lower, title, strip, find, replace, and in operator, with examples and their outputs, showcasing how these methods can be used to manipulate strings effectively and the outputs of each method, emphasizing the importance of understanding and using these methods when working with strings.', 'Python has three types of numbers: integers, floats, and complex numbers.', 'The chapter covers Python comparison operators and conditional statements, including the explanation of comparison operators and the use of if statements with an example of a boolean expression evaluating to true.', 'The for loop with the range function is used to repeat a task a specific number of times, demonstrated by printing a message three times using the range(3) function.', 'The chapter stresses the importance of breaking code into smaller, more maintainable and potentially more reusable chunks, emphasizing the need for writing custom functions for real programs with hundreds or thousands of lines of code.', 'The product of the numbers is 120', "The chapter covers the FizzBuzz algorithm, providing an elegant implementation in Python, with examples demonstrating the algorithm's functionality and the importance of testing functions with different input values", 'The chapter demonstrates debugging a program by stepping through a loop, fixing a bug, and using shortcuts for efficient code writing', 'The step-by-step debugging process in Python is detailed, including setting breakpoints, running the application, executing the program line by line, and stepping into user-defined functions using F10 and F11', 'The chapter discusses the concept of scope in Python, distinguishing between local and global variables, emphasizing that local variables have a short lifetime and are confined to the function where they are defined']}