title
Python Basics | Python Tutorial For Beginners | Learn Python Programming from Scratch | Edureka

description
🔥Edureka Python Certification Training (Use Code "𝐘𝐎𝐔𝐓𝐔𝐁𝐄𝟐𝟎"): https://www.edureka.co/python-programming-certification-training This Edureka video on 'Python Basics' will help you understand what exactly makes Python Programming language special and covers all the basics of Python programming along with examples. Below are the topics covered in this python tutorial for beginners: 00:00 Introduction to Python 01:10 What is Python? 03:03 Features of Python 05:33 Who uses Python? 07:08 Starting off with Python Basics 15:56 Data Types 57:54 Operators 01:07:50 Flow Control 01:19:05 Functions 01:24:37 File Handling 🔵Python Tutorial - Full Course: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJJIrtnfpk 🔸Edureka Python Tutorial Playlist: https://goo.gl/WsBpKe 🔸Edureka Python Tutorial Blog Series: http://bit.ly/2sqmP4s 🔥 Python Masters Program: https://bit.ly/3dSie1i #Edureka #PythonEdureka #PythonBasics #Pythontutorialforbeginners #learnpython #pythonforbeginners #pythonprogramming #pythontutorial #PythonTraining 🔴Do subscribe to our channel and hit the bell icon to never miss an update from us in the future: https://goo.gl/6ohpTV Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/EdurekaIN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- How it Works? 1. This is a 5 Week Instructor-led Online Course,40 hours of assignment and 20 hours of project work 2. We have a 24x7 One-on-One LIVE Technical Support to help you with any problems you might face or any clarifications you may require during the course. 3. At the end of the training, you will be working on a real-time project for which we will provide you a Grade and a Verifiable Certificate! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - About the Course Edureka's Python Online Certification Training will make you an expert in Python programming. It will also help you learn Python the Big data way with integration of Machine learning, Pig, Hive and Web Scraping through beautiful soup. During our Python Certification training, our instructors will help you: 1. Master the Basic and Advanced Concepts of Python 2. Understand Python Scripts on UNIX/Windows, Python Editors and IDEs 3. Master the Concepts of Sequences and File operations 4. Learn how to use and create functions, sorting different elements, Lambda function, error handling techniques and Regular expressions ans using modules in Python 5. Gain expertise in machine learning using Python and build a Real Life Machine Learning application 6. Understand the supervised and unsupervised learning and concepts of Scikit-Learn 7. Master the concepts of MapReduce in Hadoop 8. Learn to write Complex MapReduce programs 9. Understand what is PIG and HIVE, Streaming feature in Hadoop, MapReduce job running with Python 10. Implementing a PIG UDF in Python, Writing a HIVE UDF in Python, Pydoop and/Or MRjob Basics 11. Master the concepts of Web scraping in Python 12. Work on a Real Life Project on Big Data Analytics using Python and gain Hands-on Project Experience - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Why learn Python? Programmers love Python because of how fast and easy it is to use. Python cuts development time in half with its simple to read syntax and easy compilation feature. Debugging your programs is a breeze in Python with its built in debugger. Using Python makes Programmers more productive and their programs ultimately better. Python continues to be a favorite option for data scientists who use it for building and using Machine learning applications and other scientific computations. Python runs on Windows, Linux/Unix, Mac OS and has been ported to Java and .NET virtual machines. Python is free to use, even for the commercial products, because of its OSI-approved open source license. Python has evolved as the most preferred Language for Data Analytics and the increasing search trends on python also indicates that Python is the next "Big Thing" and a must for Professionals in the Data Analytics domain. Who should go for python? Edureka’s Data Science certification course in Python is a good fit for the below professionals: · Programmers, Developers, Technical Leads, Architects · Developers aspiring to be a ‘Machine Learning Engineer' · Analytics Managers who are leading a team of analysts · Business Analysts who want to understand Machine Learning (ML) Techniques · Information Architects who want to gain expertise in Predictive Analytics · 'Python' professionals who want to design automatic predictive models For more information, Please write back to us at sales@edureka.in or call us at IND: 9606058406 / US: 18338555775 (toll free)

detail
{'title': 'Python Basics | Python Tutorial For Beginners | Learn Python Programming from Scratch | Edureka', 'heatmap': [{'end': 1100.338, 'start': 1037.089, 'weight': 0.749}, {'end': 1373.373, 'start': 1206.87, 'weight': 0.709}, {'end': 2032.666, 'start': 1807.673, 'weight': 0.935}, {'end': 2309.378, 'start': 2249.541, 'weight': 0.963}, {'end': 2921.96, 'start': 2851.85, 'weight': 0.755}, {'end': 4010.534, 'start': 3843.37, 'weight': 0.735}, {'end': 4119.941, 'start': 4056.659, 'weight': 0.73}], 'summary': 'This tutorial video covers a brief history of python and its industry applications, python basics, data types, operators, flow control, functions, file handling, type conversion, lists, data structures, string manipulation, control flow, loops, range function, built-in functions, and file handling basics, aiming to provide a comprehensive introduction to python for beginners.', 'chapters': [{'end': 49.331, 'segs': [{'end': 49.331, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 19.521, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 25.384, 'text': 'Once we are clear with these topics, we shall dive straight into the python basics, where we shall cover the different data types,', 'start': 19.521, 'duration': 5.863}, {'end': 27.946, 'text': 'such as numeric lists, doubles and many more.', 'start': 25.384, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 35.345, 'text': 'the operators in it and later understand how flow control works and how we can manipulate it using loops and conditions,', 'start': 28.442, 'duration': 6.903}, {'end': 41.327, 'text': 'following which we will learn how to write functions and see some of the inbuilt functions that python has later.', 'start': 35.345, 'duration': 5.982}, {'end': 46.41, 'text': 'We will be ending our session with file handling where we learn how to read and write data to and from a file.', 'start': 41.487, 'duration': 4.923}, {'end': 49.331, 'text': 'So I hope all of you are clear with the agenda for today.', 'start': 46.99, 'duration': 2.341}], 'summary': 'Cover python basics, data types, operators, flow control, functions, and file handling in this session.', 'duration': 29.81, 'max_score': 19.521, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s19521.jpg'}], 'start': 0.129, 'title': 'Introduction to python basics', 'summary': 'Covers a brief history of python, its features, industry applications, and python basics including data types, operators, flow control, functions, and file handling.', 'chapters': [{'end': 49.331, 'start': 0.129, 'title': 'Introduction to python basics', 'summary': 'Covers a brief history of python and its features, industry applications, python basics including data types, operators, flow control, functions, and file handling.', 'duration': 49.202, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers a brief history of Python and its features, industry applications, Python basics including data types, operators, flow control, functions, and file handling.', 'The session will cover the different data types in Python, such as numeric lists, doubles, and more, along with the operators and how flow control works using loops and conditions.', 'The chapter will also include learning how to write functions and exploring some of the inbuilt functions that Python offers, concluding with file handling to read and write data to and from a file.']}], 'duration': 49.202, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s129.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter covers a brief history of Python and its features, industry applications, Python basics including data types, operators, flow control, functions, and file handling.', 'The session will cover the different data types in Python, such as numeric lists, doubles, and more, along with the operators and how flow control works using loops and conditions.', 'The chapter will also include learning how to write functions and exploring some of the inbuilt functions that Python offers, concluding with file handling to read and write data to and from a file.']}, {'end': 936.72, 'segs': [{'end': 136.686, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 105.51, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 111.564, 'text': 'He named it after the creator of his favorite show Monty Python and released it in 1989.', 'start': 105.51, 'duration': 6.054}, {'end': 119.691, 'text': 'Python has gained popularity recently with the rise of machine learning and artificial intelligence as python makes code writing easy and efficient.', 'start': 111.564, 'duration': 8.127}, {'end': 126.737, 'text': 'So formally saying python is a high-level interpreted language, which has easy syntax and dynamic semantics.', 'start': 120.272, 'duration': 6.465}, {'end': 128.959, 'text': 'So what do these four keywords mean?', 'start': 127.438, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 136.686, 'text': 'Well, high level means that python derives components from the natural language that we humans used to communicate with each other.', 'start': 129.56, 'duration': 7.126}], 'summary': 'Python, named after monty python, released in 1989, has gained popularity with the rise of machine learning and artificial intelligence due to its easy syntax and dynamic semantics.', 'duration': 31.176, 'max_score': 105.51, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s105510.jpg'}, {'end': 224.158, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 195.182, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 198.044, 'text': 'The most well-known feature of python is its simplicity.', 'start': 195.182, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 201.345, 'text': 'It has made programming fun because it is simple.', 'start': 198.584, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 207.289, 'text': 'It makes you think more for obtaining the solution of your problem rather than thinking for the syntax of your code.', 'start': 202.006, 'duration': 5.283}, {'end': 215.113, 'text': 'The next important feature is that python is an open source language, which means that it is free for anybody to use.', 'start': 207.989, 'duration': 7.124}, {'end': 221.837, 'text': 'you can also modify python accordingly so that it better benefits your needs, without any the precautions.', 'start': 215.113, 'duration': 6.724}, {'end': 224.158, 'text': 'which brings us to our next feature portability.', 'start': 221.837, 'duration': 2.321}], 'summary': "Python's simplicity enhances problem-solving, while open source nature allows for free usage and modification.", 'duration': 28.976, 'max_score': 195.182, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s195182.jpg'}, {'end': 421.43, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 394.281, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 399.183, 'text': 'The scientists at NASA use python to perform scientific calculations.', 'start': 394.281, 'duration': 4.902}, {'end': 407.165, 'text': 'Netflix uses machine learning to understand and cluster certain groups of its users and recommend them TV shows to retain them for longer.', 'start': 399.183, 'duration': 7.982}, {'end': 414.168, 'text': 'This machine learning is done using python YouTube uses python to provide better searches to its users.', 'start': 407.865, 'duration': 6.303}, {'end': 421.43, 'text': 'So as you can see python is a really important language and there are huge number of companies who use it around the world.', 'start': 414.888, 'duration': 6.542}], 'summary': 'Python is widely used by multiple companies for scientific calculations, machine learning, and improving user experience, highlighting its global importance.', 'duration': 27.149, 'max_score': 394.281, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s394281.jpg'}, {'end': 657.867, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 592.366, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 600.37, 'text': 'Let me go ahead and show you the files that are in my project as you can see there is something called as the venv which is the virtual environment.', 'start': 592.366, 'duration': 8.004}, {'end': 606.813, 'text': 'This basically takes care of all the installations of all the packages that you would need in your program.', 'start': 600.95, 'duration': 5.863}, {'end': 611.035, 'text': 'So let us go ahead and create our first project over here.', 'start': 607.413, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 616.117, 'text': 'Let me right click on demo and go ahead on new and python file.', 'start': 611.315, 'duration': 4.802}, {'end': 619.49, 'text': 'and the extension for a python file is always dot py.', 'start': 616.849, 'duration': 2.641}, {'end': 623.572, 'text': 'Let me just go ahead and name this as a demo one and hit enter.', 'start': 619.93, 'duration': 3.642}, {'end': 631.136, 'text': 'Let me just write a program over here to get a hang of it.', 'start': 627.074, 'duration': 4.062}, {'end': 634.177, 'text': 'So it was hello users.', 'start': 631.676, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 645.042, 'text': 'Welcome to the Python basics tutorial.', 'start': 636.178, 'duration': 8.864}, {'end': 648.945, 'text': 'Let me go ahead and run this for you guys.', 'start': 646.704, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 654.646, 'text': 'So as you can see I have obtained the output.', 'start': 652.886, 'duration': 1.76}, {'end': 655.967, 'text': 'Hello users.', 'start': 655.346, 'duration': 0.621}, {'end': 657.867, 'text': 'Welcome to the Python basics tutorial.', 'start': 656.147, 'duration': 1.72}], 'summary': "Creating a python project with virtual environment, running a program to display 'hello users. welcome to the python basics tutorial.'", 'duration': 65.501, 'max_score': 592.366, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s592366.jpg'}, {'end': 919.331, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 891.527, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 898.513, 'text': 'so I give a 5 over here and 5 now that you can see that I have 10.', 'start': 891.527, 'duration': 6.986}, {'end': 903.737, 'text': 'so that is basically a simple program that can help you to get used to pie charm.', 'start': 898.513, 'duration': 5.224}, {'end': 911.423, 'text': 'what I am doing here is called as type conversion, meaning that I am changing the data of one type to another data type.', 'start': 903.737, 'duration': 7.686}, {'end': 913.785, 'text': 'So this is basically what happens over here.', 'start': 911.903, 'duration': 1.882}, {'end': 919.331, 'text': 'Let me just come out of the presentation mode and let us move ahead with the next part of our tutorial.', 'start': 914.448, 'duration': 4.883}], 'summary': 'Demonstrated type conversion using python program, resulting in 10 as output.', 'duration': 27.804, 'max_score': 891.527, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s891527.jpg'}], 'start': 49.791, 'title': 'Python: introduction and basics', 'summary': "Introduces python, a popular programming language with easy syntax and dynamic semantics. it explores python's features and its usage in prominent companies. additionally, it covers writing the first python program and type conversion using pycharm as the ide.", 'chapters': [{'end': 473.606, 'start': 49.791, 'title': 'Introduction to python', 'summary': "Introduces python, a general-purpose programming language, created in 1989, with easy syntax and dynamic semantics, gaining popularity in machine learning and artificial intelligence. it highlights python's features including simplicity, open-source nature, portability, embedding properties, interpretation, library support, and object-oriented concepts. it also discusses the usage of python in various companies such as google, dropbox, bittorrent, raspberry pi, national security agency, nasa, youtube, and netflix.", 'duration': 423.815, 'highlights': ["Python's features include simplicity, open-source nature, portability, embedding properties, interpretation, library support, and object-oriented concepts. Python's features contribute to its popularity and ease of use, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.", 'Python is used by various companies including Google, Dropbox, BitTorrent, Raspberry Pi, National Security Agency, NASA, YouTube, and Netflix. Python is utilized by major companies for diverse purposes such as search features, server and client applications, cybersecurity analysis, file sharing, scientific calculations, and machine learning for user recommendations.', "Python was created in 1989 and has gained popularity, especially in the context of machine learning and artificial intelligence. Python's creation in 1989 and its subsequent popularity in machine learning and artificial intelligence highlight its relevance and adaptability in modern technology."]}, {'end': 936.72, 'start': 474.406, 'title': 'Python basics tutorial', 'summary': 'Demonstrates the process of writing the first python program, using pycharm as the ide for writing and running python files, and explains the concept of type conversion in python programming.', 'duration': 462.314, 'highlights': ["The chapter demonstrates the process of writing the first Python program The speaker guides through the process of writing the first Python program to print 'Hello users' and 'Welcome to the Python basics tutorial.'", 'Using PyCharm as the IDE for writing and running Python files The speaker explains the usage of PyCharm as the IDE for writing and running Python files, emphasizing the creation of a new project and the presence of a virtual environment for package installations.', "Explains the concept of type conversion in Python programming The speaker elaborates on the concept of type conversion in Python programming, demonstrating the use of 'int' function to convert user input from string to integer and highlighting the significance of type conversion in resolving addition-related issues."]}], 'duration': 886.929, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s49791.jpg', 'highlights': ["Python's features contribute to its popularity and ease of use, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.", 'Python is utilized by major companies for diverse purposes such as search features, server and client applications, cybersecurity analysis, file sharing, scientific calculations, and machine learning for user recommendations.', "Python's creation in 1989 and its subsequent popularity in machine learning and artificial intelligence highlight its relevance and adaptability in modern technology.", "The speaker guides through the process of writing the first Python program to print 'Hello users' and 'Welcome to the Python basics tutorial.'", 'The speaker explains the usage of PyCharm as the IDE for writing and running Python files, emphasizing the creation of a new project and the presence of a virtual environment for package installations.', "The speaker elaborates on the concept of type conversion in Python programming, demonstrating the use of 'int' function to convert user input from string to integer and highlighting the significance of type conversion in resolving addition-related issues."]}, {'end': 1437.504, 'segs': [{'end': 992.795, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 963.161, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 969.164, 'text': 'What do you mean by a data type a data type is basically the type of data that you are trying to store in Python.', 'start': 963.161, 'duration': 6.003}, {'end': 976.442, 'text': 'So there are six So we have numeric lists tuples dictionary sets and strings.', 'start': 969.785, 'duration': 6.657}, {'end': 980.666, 'text': 'Let us go ahead and understand each of these data types one by one.', 'start': 977.203, 'duration': 3.463}, {'end': 983.728, 'text': 'So the first data type is the numeric data type.', 'start': 981.306, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 992.795, 'text': 'So as the name suggests the numeric data type is used to store the numeric values now, you need to know the difference between a value and a variable.', 'start': 984.228, 'duration': 8.567}], 'summary': 'Python has six data types: numeric, lists, tuples, dictionary, sets, and strings.', 'duration': 29.634, 'max_score': 963.161, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s963161.jpg'}, {'end': 1106.162, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1025.272, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1032.046, 'text': 'What do you mean by mutation? mutation is basically change meaning that the numeric data type cannot be changed.', 'start': 1025.272, 'duration': 6.774}, {'end': 1036.268, 'text': 'What do you mean by this? Let me help you understand this with an example.', 'start': 1032.726, 'duration': 3.542}, {'end': 1047.835, 'text': 'So I have a first program over here now, as you can see that I have a is equal to 10 and I have a is equal to 20.', 'start': 1037.089, 'duration': 10.746}, {'end': 1065.322, 'text': 'if I print the value of a and let me just run this, As you can see, I have obtained the output as 20, but what if I wanted to change a off?', 'start': 1047.835, 'duration': 17.487}, {'end': 1073.126, 'text': 'As you can see, I am getting an arrow over here which says that class integer does not define get item,', 'start': 1066.763, 'duration': 6.363}, {'end': 1082.05, 'text': 'meaning that I cannot change a particular value inside the 20, meaning that if I want to change the zero of this to some other value,', 'start': 1073.126, 'duration': 8.924}, {'end': 1089.851, 'text': 'that is not allowed in Python, but if I wanted to change it into 21, this is allowed in python.', 'start': 1082.05, 'duration': 7.801}, {'end': 1093.373, 'text': 'So this is what it means by numbers are not mutable.', 'start': 1090.511, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 1096.775, 'text': 'We have three data types in numeric data types.', 'start': 1094.034, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 1100.338, 'text': 'These are the integers floats and complex.', 'start': 1097.276, 'duration': 3.062}, {'end': 1106.162, 'text': 'What are integers integers are basically integers whole numbers positive numbers negative numbers.', 'start': 1100.958, 'duration': 5.204}], 'summary': 'Mutation in numeric data types restricts value changes. integers, floats, and complex numbers are non-mutable in python.', 'duration': 80.89, 'max_score': 1025.272, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s1025271.jpg'}, {'end': 1132.232, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1106.862, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1112.746, 'text': 'We have floating values, which are basically the decimal numbers and we have complex numbers also in python.', 'start': 1106.862, 'duration': 5.884}, {'end': 1116.629, 'text': 'Let us move ahead to the tutorial that I have prepared for you guys.', 'start': 1113.347, 'duration': 3.282}, {'end': 1125.649, 'text': "data types and let's move over to numeric data types and let me move back to the presentation mode.", 'start': 1117.466, 'duration': 8.183}, {'end': 1129.071, 'text': 'So as you can see I have integer data types.', 'start': 1126.309, 'duration': 2.762}, {'end': 1132.232, 'text': 'I have floating data types and I have complex numbers.', 'start': 1129.331, 'duration': 2.901}], 'summary': 'Python tutorial covers integer, floating, and complex data types.', 'duration': 25.37, 'max_score': 1106.862, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s1106862.jpg'}, {'end': 1377.796, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1185.446, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1191.848, 'text': "but you would think that if it is an integer and if you are working with a floating number, shouldn't it give us an error?", 'start': 1185.446, 'duration': 6.402}, {'end': 1193.769, 'text': 'Well, that does not happen.', 'start': 1192.388, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 1197.47, 'text': 'Why is that? This is something known as implicit type conversion.', 'start': 1194.069, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 1206.209, 'text': 'If you remember the previous program that we were doing that we had int of input that was converting the string into a integer number.', 'start': 1198.11, 'duration': 8.099}, {'end': 1208.39, 'text': "That's the same thing that it happens.", 'start': 1206.87, 'duration': 1.52}, {'end': 1210.871, 'text': 'But here we do not need to do it explicitly.', 'start': 1208.47, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 1213.352, 'text': 'This is done internally by Python itself.', 'start': 1211.332, 'duration': 2.02}, {'end': 1218.295, 'text': 'So it converts the a which is an integer into a floating number.', 'start': 1214.033, 'duration': 4.262}, {'end': 1227.239, 'text': 'So a here will be 10.000 up to the 16 digit part and then minus 3.142 the same goes over here.', 'start': 1218.415, 'duration': 8.824}, {'end': 1229.459, 'text': 'It will be minus 10 plus 0g minus 6g.', 'start': 1227.839, 'duration': 1.62}, {'end': 1238.971, 'text': 'So that is the reason we have the output as six point eight, five, eight, zero, zero, up to five, and then we have minus 10, minus 6g,', 'start': 1231.226, 'duration': 7.745}, {'end': 1242.873, 'text': 'and then the last one is a simple multiplication where we have minus hundred.', 'start': 1238.971, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 1245.634, 'text': 'So I hope you are clear with the numeric data types.', 'start': 1243.473, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 1254.72, 'text': 'So let us go ahead and close this and understand what our type conversions as you may remember,', 'start': 1248.296, 'duration': 6.424}, {'end': 1260.403, 'text': 'type conversions are basically used to convert a data type from one phone to another.', 'start': 1254.72, 'duration': 5.683}, {'end': 1268.263, 'text': 'So let me just go ahead and uncomment what is required for now, because if I have the whole program running in a sequence,', 'start': 1261.058, 'duration': 7.205}, {'end': 1271.546, 'text': "it becomes really difficult for you guys to understand what's happening.", 'start': 1268.263, 'duration': 3.283}, {'end': 1274.488, 'text': 'Let me go ahead and run this for you.', 'start': 1272.406, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 1278.27, 'text': 'So I have a string which is 1 0 0 1 0.', 'start': 1275.289, 'duration': 2.981}, {'end': 1286.737, 'text': "I'm telling that I want to convert it into an integer and this number that I am wanting to convert into an integer is in the form of a binary number.", 'start': 1278.271, 'duration': 8.466}, {'end': 1297.821, 'text': "So that's the reason I get 18, because 1, 0, 0, 1, 0 in binary is 18, and then we have a floating number which is converting the string that is 1, 0,", 'start': 1287.335, 'duration': 10.486}, {'end': 1299.962, 'text': '0, 1, 0 is converted into a floating number.', 'start': 1297.821, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 1303.224, 'text': 'So it is 1, 0, 0, 1, 0 point 0, 0, 0.', 'start': 1300.423, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 1305.306, 'text': 'up to how many other numbers?', 'start': 1303.224, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 1310.829, 'text': 'let me go ahead and show you some of the more functions that are available to you, which you can use for type conversions.', 'start': 1305.306, 'duration': 5.523}, {'end': 1315.842, 'text': 'The type conversions that you follow are called as explicit type conversions,', 'start': 1311.741, 'duration': 4.101}, {'end': 1319.923, 'text': 'and type conversions that python does by itself are called as implicit type conversions.', 'start': 1315.842, 'duration': 4.081}, {'end': 1321.923, 'text': 'Let me go ahead and run this for you.', 'start': 1320.663, 'duration': 1.26}, {'end': 1331.325, 'text': 'So I have a string which is having the value 4 over here and then I want to convert it into an integer which is done using the ORD function.', 'start': 1322.603, 'duration': 8.722}, {'end': 1334.266, 'text': 'So this is now an integer now.', 'start': 1331.925, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 1340.167, 'text': 'I want to convert 56 into a hexagonal number and 56 into an octagonal number.', 'start': 1334.386, 'duration': 5.781}, {'end': 1343.409, 'text': 'So that is done using hex and Oct functions.', 'start': 1340.768, 'duration': 2.641}, {'end': 1350.192, 'text': 'So we have 0x38 and 0070 which is 56 in hexadecimal and octal.', 'start': 1343.689, 'duration': 6.503}, {'end': 1358.295, 'text': 'Let me move ahead and show you some more and let me just comment up everything and comment what is not required.', 'start': 1350.912, 'duration': 7.383}, {'end': 1362.257, 'text': 'Let me run this.', 'start': 1361.296, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 1373.373, 'text': 'I have a string called edureka and I am converting it into a tuple set and a list that is what is being done here.', 'start': 1365.327, 'duration': 8.046}, {'end': 1377.796, 'text': 'I can do this using the tuple function the set function or the list function.', 'start': 1373.393, 'duration': 4.403}], 'summary': 'The transcript discusses implicit and explicit type conversions in python, including examples of converting integer to float, binary to decimal, and string to different data types.', 'duration': 192.35, 'max_score': 1185.446, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s1185446.jpg'}, {'end': 1331.325, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1303.224, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1305.306, 'text': 'up to how many other numbers?', 'start': 1303.224, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 1310.829, 'text': 'let me go ahead and show you some of the more functions that are available to you, which you can use for type conversions.', 'start': 1305.306, 'duration': 5.523}, {'end': 1315.842, 'text': 'The type conversions that you follow are called as explicit type conversions,', 'start': 1311.741, 'duration': 4.101}, {'end': 1319.923, 'text': 'and type conversions that python does by itself are called as implicit type conversions.', 'start': 1315.842, 'duration': 4.081}, {'end': 1321.923, 'text': 'Let me go ahead and run this for you.', 'start': 1320.663, 'duration': 1.26}, {'end': 1331.325, 'text': 'So I have a string which is having the value 4 over here and then I want to convert it into an integer which is done using the ORD function.', 'start': 1322.603, 'duration': 8.722}], 'summary': 'Introduction to explicit and implicit type conversions, demonstrated using ord function.', 'duration': 28.101, 'max_score': 1303.224, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s1303224.jpg'}], 'start': 943.652, 'title': 'Python data types and numeric conversions', 'summary': 'Covers an overview of python data types including numeric, lists, tuples, dictionary, sets, and strings. it also explains numeric data types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers, along with implicit and explicit type conversions using various functions.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1082.05, 'start': 943.652, 'title': 'Python data types overview', 'summary': 'Covers an overview of python data types, including numeric, lists, tuples, dictionary, sets, and strings, explaining the concept of data types, the numeric data type, and mutability, with an example of variable assignment and mutation limitation.', 'duration': 138.398, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers an overview of Python data types, including numeric, lists, tuples, dictionary, sets, and strings. It explains the six data types present in Python.', 'Explaining the concept of data types, the numeric data type, and mutability. It defines data types as the type of data being stored, introduces the numeric data type, and discusses mutability.', 'Example of variable assignment and mutation limitation. It illustrates variable assignment and the limitation of mutating a numeric data type value.']}, {'end': 1437.504, 'start': 1082.05, 'title': 'Numeric data types and type conversions', 'summary': 'Explains numeric data types including integers, floats, and complex numbers in python, along with implicit type conversion and explicit type conversions, and provides examples of type conversions using functions like ord, hex, oct, tuple, set, list, complex, str, and dict.', 'duration': 355.454, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains numeric data types including integers, floats, and complex numbers in Python. It explains the basics of numeric data types in Python, including integers, floats, and complex numbers.', 'It explains implicit type conversion and provides an example where an integer is implicitly converted into a floating number in a multiplication operation. It discusses implicit type conversion and demonstrates how an integer is implicitly converted into a floating number in a multiplication operation.', 'It details explicit type conversions using functions like ORD, hex, oct, tuple, set, list, complex, STR, and dict. It provides examples of explicit type conversions using functions like ORD, hex, oct, tuple, set, list, complex, STR, and dict.']}], 'duration': 493.852, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s943652.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter covers an overview of Python data types, including numeric, lists, tuples, dictionary, sets, and strings. It explains the six data types present in Python.', 'The chapter explains numeric data types including integers, floats, and complex numbers in Python. It explains the basics of numeric data types in Python, including integers, floats, and complex numbers.', 'It details explicit type conversions using functions like ORD, hex, oct, tuple, set, list, complex, STR, and dict. It provides examples of explicit type conversions using functions like ORD, hex, oct, tuple, set, list, complex, STR, and dict.', 'Explaining the concept of data types, the numeric data type, and mutability. It defines data types as the type of data being stored, introduces the numeric data type, and discusses mutability.', 'It explains implicit type conversion and provides an example where an integer is implicitly converted into a floating number in a multiplication operation. It discusses implicit type conversion and demonstrates how an integer is implicitly converted into a floating number in a multiplication operation.', 'Example of variable assignment and mutation limitation. It illustrates variable assignment and the limitation of mutating a numeric data type value.']}, {'end': 2249.381, 'segs': [{'end': 1467.043, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1438.364, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1441.946, 'text': 'These are just simple examples of how you can use type conversions.', 'start': 1438.364, 'duration': 3.582}, {'end': 1450.492, 'text': 'Now, you may be thinking where exactly would you want to use type conversions? This may be better understood if I give you a simple example.', 'start': 1442.947, 'duration': 7.545}, {'end': 1458.877, 'text': 'Think of a company who has the data of their employees in a tabular format and all of the data is stored in a string.', 'start': 1451.271, 'duration': 7.606}, {'end': 1467.043, 'text': 'Now, if you remember from the first part of the PyCharm project that we did that if you do not convert a data,', 'start': 1459.457, 'duration': 7.586}], 'summary': 'Examples show using type conversions for data manipulation.', 'duration': 28.679, 'max_score': 1438.364, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s1438364.jpg'}, {'end': 1538.896, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1511.148, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1514.369, 'text': 'Arrays would only have a particular data item within them.', 'start': 1511.148, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 1518.791, 'text': 'So for example, if an array had an integer, it would only have integer values.', 'start': 1514.589, 'duration': 4.202}, {'end': 1523.573, 'text': 'If it was a floating point, it would only have floating values lists are not like that.', 'start': 1519.231, 'duration': 4.342}, {'end': 1529.696, 'text': 'It can have integers floats complex numbers strings lists tuples dictionaries.', 'start': 1524.074, 'duration': 5.622}, {'end': 1535.853, 'text': 'There can be so many other different data types that a list can hold, and Lists are also mutable,', 'start': 1530.256, 'duration': 5.597}, {'end': 1538.896, 'text': 'meaning that you can change particular items in the list.', 'start': 1535.853, 'duration': 3.043}], 'summary': 'Arrays are limited to specific data types, while lists can hold various data types and are mutable.', 'duration': 27.748, 'max_score': 1511.148, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s1511148.jpg'}, {'end': 1615.062, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1589.259, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1599.137, 'text': 'So how do you initialize empty lists? It is using square braces square braces are used to denote a list or you can do that using the list function.', 'start': 1589.259, 'duration': 9.878}, {'end': 1602.838, 'text': 'So let me run the program and you can see the code over here.', 'start': 1599.517, 'duration': 3.321}, {'end': 1605.899, 'text': 'So as you can see I have empty lists over here.', 'start': 1603.438, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 1608.94, 'text': 'So that is really simple for you guys to understand.', 'start': 1606.479, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 1615.062, 'text': 'How do you initialize a list? You just add data in that particular way using the square braces.', 'start': 1609.58, 'duration': 5.482}], 'summary': 'Initializing empty lists using square braces or list function.', 'duration': 25.803, 'max_score': 1589.259, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s1589259.jpg'}, {'end': 1753.029, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1722.774, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1724.815, 'text': "So I hope you've understood what index is.", 'start': 1722.774, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 1728.077, 'text': 'Let me go ahead and just take out all of this.', 'start': 1725.155, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 1738.941, 'text': 'Yes So now how do you access the elements of the list? It is done using splicing.', 'start': 1733.281, 'duration': 5.66}, {'end': 1747.166, 'text': 'So, basically, what this means is that you want to particularly print certain parts of the list or string or tuple.', 'start': 1739.021, 'duration': 8.145}, {'end': 1753.029, 'text': 'there is something called as the starting index, stopping index and the skip index here.', 'start': 1747.166, 'duration': 5.863}], 'summary': 'Explains accessing list elements using splicing with indices', 'duration': 30.255, 'max_score': 1722.774, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s1722774.jpg'}, {'end': 2032.666, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1807.673, 'weight': 0.935, 'content': [{'end': 1817.516, 'text': 'So if this was 0 this was 1 this was 2 and this was 3 right? I am basically going to print edureka and that is what is being printed over here.', 'start': 1807.673, 'duration': 9.843}, {'end': 1821.117, 'text': 'Now it is with the starting index and the ending index,', 'start': 1818.296, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 1829.81, 'text': 'meaning that you have to start from the index 0 and go up to index 3 and you have to exclude index 4..', 'start': 1821.117, 'duration': 8.693}, {'end': 1831.49, 'text': 'So that is what happens over here.', 'start': 1829.81, 'duration': 1.68}, {'end': 1841.394, 'text': 'So it is a 1 2 3 and edureka that means that I start from index 0 go up till 3 and I skip 4 if I want to reverse it.', 'start': 1831.951, 'duration': 9.443}, {'end': 1843.575, 'text': 'I do not give any starting or ending index.', 'start': 1841.614, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 1846.015, 'text': 'I just do it from minus 1.', 'start': 1843.975, 'duration': 2.04}, {'end': 1847.756, 'text': 'So the list is being reversed over here.', 'start': 1846.015, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 1851.017, 'text': "So that's what happens over here, as you can see.", 'start': 1848.496, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 1853.458, 'text': 'next is something called as the skip index right?', 'start': 1851.017, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 1864.302, 'text': 'Now I start from 0, go up till 5 and skip two elements, meaning that I print one, I skip 1 and I skip 2 and I print 3, I skip 3,', 'start': 1853.959, 'duration': 10.343}, {'end': 1866.962, 'text': 'I skip edureka and I print Python.', 'start': 1864.302, 'duration': 2.66}, {'end': 1869.163, 'text': 'So that is what happens over here.', 'start': 1867.583, 'duration': 1.58}, {'end': 1872.324, 'text': 'as you can see, that is how you have obtained the output.', 'start': 1869.163, 'duration': 3.161}, {'end': 1876.265, 'text': 'next is the third element and the second next.', 'start': 1872.324, 'duration': 3.941}, {'end': 1881.679, 'text': 'The next is I can also access particular elements within the elements.', 'start': 1877.096, 'duration': 4.583}, {'end': 1886.002, 'text': 'So basically what I am seeing over here is that I want to print you.', 'start': 1881.859, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 1895.588, 'text': 'How do I do that? I know that edureka is at index 3 and I also know that you is at the index 2 so I just add that over here.', 'start': 1886.462, 'duration': 9.126}, {'end': 1900.932, 'text': "So I have three and two and that's the reason I have you that is being printed over here.", 'start': 1895.768, 'duration': 5.164}, {'end': 1908.427, 'text': 'So I hope you have understood what is indexing and how you can access the elements using splicing and indexing.', 'start': 1901.472, 'duration': 6.955}, {'end': 1912.429, 'text': 'Let us move ahead and add data into the list.', 'start': 1908.948, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 1918.352, 'text': 'How do you do that? You do that using the append function the extent function and the insert function.', 'start': 1913.31, 'duration': 5.042}, {'end': 1921.293, 'text': 'So let me just go ahead and show this to you.', 'start': 1919.132, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 1923.814, 'text': 'How is how it is being done now?', 'start': 1921.393, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 1927.836, 'text': 'So the append function as the element at the end of the list.', 'start': 1924.234, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 1931.237, 'text': 'the extent function also adds the element at the end of the list.', 'start': 1927.836, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 1939.257, 'text': 'So what is the difference between them? Well the difference between them is that the append function adds it as a particular element.', 'start': 1931.797, 'duration': 7.46}, {'end': 1943.879, 'text': 'It adds it as a single element the extent function does not work like that.', 'start': 1939.818, 'duration': 4.061}, {'end': 1950.28, 'text': 'It adds all the elements one by one whereas the append function just adds it as a single element.', 'start': 1944.479, 'duration': 5.801}, {'end': 1959.127, 'text': "That's the reason if you go over here, you can see that triple Phi and 1 2 which is being passed actually as a list is added as a list itself.", 'start': 1950.86, 'duration': 8.267}, {'end': 1969.115, 'text': 'So I have 1, 2, 3, Edureka, Python, and I have triple Phi and 1, 2, but whereas in the extend function I have triple Phi and 1, 2 independently,', 'start': 1959.468, 'duration': 9.647}, {'end': 1973.098, 'text': "and that's the reason I have 7 as the length of the list.", 'start': 1969.115, 'duration': 3.983}, {'end': 1979.243, 'text': 'the length of the list is basically to show how many elements are there in the list, and then I have the insert function,', 'start': 1973.098, 'duration': 6.145}, {'end': 1984.807, 'text': 'which takes the index at which I want to insert the particular data as the reason over here.', 'start': 1979.243, 'duration': 5.564}, {'end': 1992.047, 'text': 'if you can see, I have one insert example and accordingly the data is not deleted when you use the insert function.', 'start': 1984.807, 'duration': 7.24}, {'end': 2001.272, 'text': 'The next ways are to use the concatenation and multiplication but they do not affect the actual data of the list as you can see over here.', 'start': 1992.888, 'duration': 8.384}, {'end': 2003.593, 'text': 'I just have printing of my list.', 'start': 2001.412, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 2008.416, 'text': 'But if I was not printing it it would actually change the data of it.', 'start': 2004.294, 'duration': 4.122}, {'end': 2012.618, 'text': 'But since I am using it in the print function their data will not be changed.', 'start': 2008.876, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 2018.117, 'text': 'So, as you can see over here, I have one accordingly and just, for example,', 'start': 2012.738, 'duration': 5.379}, {'end': 2025.021, 'text': 'and then multiplication is multiplying the list accordingly to the number you have told it to be multiplied with.', 'start': 2018.117, 'duration': 6.904}, {'end': 2028.043, 'text': 'so the whole list will be multiplied two times.', 'start': 2025.021, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 2032.666, 'text': 'and then, just to show you that if I am printing all of this, it does not change the actual data.', 'start': 2028.043, 'duration': 4.623}], 'summary': 'The transcript covers indexing, splicing, and manipulation of lists in python, including specific examples and explanations.', 'duration': 224.993, 'max_score': 1807.673, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s1807673.jpg'}, {'end': 1950.28, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1921.393, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1923.814, 'text': 'How is how it is being done now?', 'start': 1921.393, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 1927.836, 'text': 'So the append function as the element at the end of the list.', 'start': 1924.234, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 1931.237, 'text': 'the extent function also adds the element at the end of the list.', 'start': 1927.836, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 1939.257, 'text': 'So what is the difference between them? Well the difference between them is that the append function adds it as a particular element.', 'start': 1931.797, 'duration': 7.46}, {'end': 1943.879, 'text': 'It adds it as a single element the extent function does not work like that.', 'start': 1939.818, 'duration': 4.061}, {'end': 1950.28, 'text': 'It adds all the elements one by one whereas the append function just adds it as a single element.', 'start': 1944.479, 'duration': 5.801}], 'summary': 'Append adds single element, extend adds multiple elements', 'duration': 28.887, 'max_score': 1921.393, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s1921393.jpg'}, {'end': 2001.272, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1969.115, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 1973.098, 'text': "and that's the reason I have 7 as the length of the list.", 'start': 1969.115, 'duration': 3.983}, {'end': 1979.243, 'text': 'the length of the list is basically to show how many elements are there in the list, and then I have the insert function,', 'start': 1973.098, 'duration': 6.145}, {'end': 1984.807, 'text': 'which takes the index at which I want to insert the particular data as the reason over here.', 'start': 1979.243, 'duration': 5.564}, {'end': 1992.047, 'text': 'if you can see, I have one insert example and accordingly the data is not deleted when you use the insert function.', 'start': 1984.807, 'duration': 7.24}, {'end': 2001.272, 'text': 'The next ways are to use the concatenation and multiplication but they do not affect the actual data of the list as you can see over here.', 'start': 1992.888, 'duration': 8.384}], 'summary': 'The list has 7 elements, insert function shown, no data deletion with insert.', 'duration': 32.157, 'max_score': 1969.115, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s1969115.jpg'}, {'end': 2093.398, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2067.196, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 2072.581, 'text': 'I just say delete and pass the element that I want to delete and it will be deleted.', 'start': 2067.196, 'duration': 5.385}, {'end': 2075.922, 'text': 'The next one is using the remove function.', 'start': 2073.36, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 2082.389, 'text': 'So I just pass the element that has to be removed from the list and accordingly that will be removed.', 'start': 2076.844, 'duration': 5.545}, {'end': 2091.416, 'text': "So that's the reason here as you can see triple five was deleted using the del keyword and example was removed using the dot remove function.", 'start': 2082.449, 'duration': 8.967}, {'end': 2093.398, 'text': 'The next is the pop function.', 'start': 2092.036, 'duration': 1.362}], 'summary': 'Deleting elements using del, remove, and pop functions.', 'duration': 26.202, 'max_score': 2067.196, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s2067196.jpg'}], 'start': 1438.364, 'title': 'Type conversions usage and lists in python', 'summary': 'Discusses the usage of type conversions to avoid incorrect outputs and covers the concept of lists in python, including initialization, accessing elements, adding and deleting elements, and various list functions.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1484.426, 'start': 1438.364, 'title': 'Type conversions usage', 'summary': "Discusses the usage of type conversions, emphasizing the importance of avoiding incorrect outputs by converting data to appropriate types, illustrated with an example of employee data manipulation in a company's tabular format.", 'duration': 46.062, 'highlights': ['The importance of type conversions in avoiding incorrect output is demonstrated through an example of manipulating employee data stored in a string format, emphasizing the need to convert to integer or floating number types for accurate calculations.', 'Using type conversions can prevent incorrect output by avoiding data concatenation into a string, thus ensuring accurate calculations and appropriate data manipulation.']}, {'end': 2249.381, 'start': 1484.626, 'title': 'Lists in python', 'summary': 'Covers the concept of lists in python, including initialization, accessing elements using indexing and splicing, adding and deleting elements, and various list functions like sorting and length calculation.', 'duration': 764.755, 'highlights': ['Lists can hold different data types including integers, floats, complex numbers, strings, lists, tuples, and dictionaries. Lists are flexible and can hold various data types, making them different from arrays.', 'Initializing empty lists using square braces or the list function. Empty lists can be initialized using square braces or the list function, ensuring proper parameter passing for the latter.', 'Accessing elements in a list using indexing and splicing, including negative indexing. Elements in a list can be accessed using indexes and splicing, with explanation on negative indexing.', 'Adding elements to a list using append, extend, and insert functions. Methods for adding elements to a list are demonstrated, including differences between append and extend functions, and the use of the insert function.', 'Deleting elements from a list using del, remove, pop, and clear functions. Various methods for deleting elements from a list are explained, including the differences between del, remove, pop, and clear functions.', 'Demonstration of list functions like length calculation, index retrieval, counting occurrences, sorting, and reversing. Different list functions such as length calculation, index retrieval, counting occurrences, sorting, and reversing are demonstrated.']}], 'duration': 811.017, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s1438364.jpg', 'highlights': ['Using type conversions can prevent incorrect output by avoiding data concatenation into a string, thus ensuring accurate calculations and appropriate data manipulation.', 'The importance of type conversions in avoiding incorrect output is demonstrated through an example of manipulating employee data stored in a string format, emphasizing the need to convert to integer or floating number types for accurate calculations.', 'Lists can hold different data types including integers, floats, complex numbers, strings, lists, tuples, and dictionaries.', 'Initializing empty lists using square braces or the list function. Empty lists can be initialized using square braces or the list function, ensuring proper parameter passing for the latter.', 'Accessing elements in a list using indexing and splicing, including negative indexing. Elements in a list can be accessed using indexes and splicing, with explanation on negative indexing.', 'Adding elements to a list using append, extend, and insert functions. Methods for adding elements to a list are demonstrated, including differences between append and extend functions, and the use of the insert function.', 'Deleting elements from a list using del, remove, pop, and clear functions. Various methods for deleting elements from a list are explained, including the differences between del, remove, pop, and clear functions.', 'Demonstration of list functions like length calculation, index retrieval, counting occurrences, sorting, and reversing. Different list functions such as length calculation, index retrieval, counting occurrences, sorting, and reversing are demonstrated.']}, {'end': 3417.855, 'segs': [{'end': 2373.918, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2249.541, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2257.263, 'text': 'So the data will now be reversed, which is basically now in the ascending order, and then I have the dot copy function,', 'start': 2249.541, 'duration': 7.722}, {'end': 2259.843, 'text': 'which is used to copy a list into another list.', 'start': 2257.263, 'duration': 2.58}, {'end': 2262.999, 'text': 'So it is my list dot copy into the new list.', 'start': 2260.458, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 2270.001, 'text': 'So if I have printed the new list, you can see I have the data of my list so that basically wraps up list operations.', 'start': 2263.259, 'duration': 6.742}, {'end': 2271.962, 'text': 'I hope all of you are clear with it.', 'start': 2270.521, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 2276.323, 'text': "So let's move ahead with the next data type.", 'start': 2274.283, 'duration': 2.04}, {'end': 2280.125, 'text': 'Let me just close this up.', 'start': 2278.984, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 2286.487, 'text': 'So the next data type that we have are tuples water tuples.', 'start': 2282.626, 'duration': 3.861}, {'end': 2295.408, 'text': 'Tuples are basically the same as lists, with one exception that they are not mutable, meaning that you cannot change the data in tuples.', 'start': 2287.062, 'duration': 8.346}, {'end': 2299.031, 'text': 'This makes tuples much more faster than lists.', 'start': 2296.089, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 2303.334, 'text': 'So how are tuples written? They are written using the parentheses.', 'start': 2299.591, 'duration': 3.743}, {'end': 2305.876, 'text': "So let's move ahead directly to our tutorial.", 'start': 2303.794, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 2309.378, 'text': 'Let me run this.', 'start': 2308.318, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 2317.536, 'text': 'So, as you can see, I have either the parentheses or the tuple function, and it is the same over here.', 'start': 2312.06, 'duration': 5.476}, {'end': 2324.119, 'text': 'also, if you want to initialize the data, you will have to send it as a single variable in the tuple function.', 'start': 2317.536, 'duration': 6.583}, {'end': 2327.181, 'text': 'Whereas you can use commas in the parenthesis.', 'start': 2324.58, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 2328.562, 'text': 'You can see here.', 'start': 2327.882, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 2329.703, 'text': 'We have empty lists.', 'start': 2328.662, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 2333.124, 'text': 'Let me go ahead comment this out.', 'start': 2330.463, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 2337.587, 'text': 'And let me uncomment all of this.', 'start': 2335.986, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 2348.444, 'text': 'Where would you use empty tuples? It would be cases where you do not know what exactly data has to be sent into the tuple.', 'start': 2341.482, 'duration': 6.962}, {'end': 2353.565, 'text': 'So what do you do over here? You can just concatenate data into it.', 'start': 2349.204, 'duration': 4.361}, {'end': 2366.628, 'text': 'So for example, my tuple equal to my tuple plus 1 comma 2 comma 3.', 'start': 2353.585, 'duration': 13.043}, {'end': 2368.429, 'text': 'Let me print my tuple over here.', 'start': 2366.628, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 2373.918, 'text': 'Let me go ahead and run this.', 'start': 2372.677, 'duration': 1.241}], 'summary': 'Data reversed, list copying, tuples usage, and concatenation demonstrated.', 'duration': 99.635, 'max_score': 2249.541, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s2249541.jpg'}, {'end': 2614.552, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2586.176, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2592.061, 'text': 'So dictionaries are used to hold key value pairs and the unmutable now, you may be confused.', 'start': 2586.176, 'duration': 5.885}, {'end': 2597.305, 'text': 'What are key value pairs? So let me help you understand all of this with a real-world example.', 'start': 2592.081, 'duration': 5.224}, {'end': 2601.789, 'text': 'Okay, think of your contacts application on the cell phone.', 'start': 2597.646, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 2608.889, 'text': 'If you see it and go ahead to add a contact, you will always see a few fields that are common all the time.', 'start': 2602.546, 'duration': 6.343}, {'end': 2614.552, 'text': 'you have name, you have phone number and all the other data that you want to add accordingly.', 'start': 2608.889, 'duration': 5.663}], 'summary': 'Dictionaries store key-value pairs, like a contacts app with name and phone number fields.', 'duration': 28.376, 'max_score': 2586.176, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s2586176.jpg'}, {'end': 2706.254, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2675.326, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 2677.787, 'text': 'sign is the key and Libra is the value.', 'start': 2675.326, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 2682.713, 'text': "So let's move ahead and go to the tutorial that I have ready for you.", 'start': 2678.61, 'duration': 4.103}, {'end': 2692.24, 'text': 'How do you initialize an empty dictionary? It is done using the flower braces or it is done using the dict method dict.', 'start': 2683.874, 'duration': 8.366}, {'end': 2699.025, 'text': 'Let me run this and you will be able to see that there are empty dictionaries over here.', 'start': 2693.861, 'duration': 5.164}, {'end': 2706.254, 'text': 'Let me go ahead and add back and remove Braces to where we need it.', 'start': 2699.666, 'duration': 6.588}], 'summary': 'Initializing empty dictionary using {} or dict method.', 'duration': 30.928, 'max_score': 2675.326, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s2675326.jpg'}, {'end': 2936.404, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2851.85, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2858.113, 'text': 'Let me go ahead and show you how to delete elements now one way is to use the del keyword.', 'start': 2851.85, 'duration': 6.263}, {'end': 2859.574, 'text': 'You can use it accordingly.', 'start': 2858.373, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 2861.895, 'text': 'It works the same way every place here.', 'start': 2859.594, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 2864.015, 'text': 'You would just have to give the key name.', 'start': 2861.915, 'duration': 2.1}, {'end': 2867.297, 'text': 'So I have more in dictionary, which is my dictionary.', 'start': 2864.716, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 2874.82, 'text': 'So the next way is the pop item function which will return the key value pair to you in the form of a tuple.', 'start': 2868.217, 'duration': 6.603}, {'end': 2880.711, 'text': 'And how does this work the item which is in the last position will be given back to you.', 'start': 2875.51, 'duration': 5.201}, {'end': 2888.912, 'text': 'So if you can see over here second and Java which was at the last position have been popped out as a key value pair in the form of a tuple.', 'start': 2881.311, 'duration': 7.601}, {'end': 2896.454, 'text': 'So as you can see here second and Java have been returned back and they are in the form of a tuple with a key value over here.', 'start': 2889.552, 'duration': 6.902}, {'end': 2904.095, 'text': "So that's how you use the pop item function and then you have the clear which is used to just basically empty the dictionary.", 'start': 2897.134, 'duration': 6.961}, {'end': 2905.855, 'text': "I hope you're clear with that.", 'start': 2904.835, 'duration': 1.02}, {'end': 2910.197, 'text': 'Let me comment all of this out and move over.', 'start': 2906.516, 'duration': 3.681}, {'end': 2918.319, 'text': 'So we have a few functions that may be helpful to you when you start using dictionaries.', 'start': 2914.338, 'duration': 3.981}, {'end': 2921.96, 'text': 'So they are the keys values items and the get function.', 'start': 2919.2, 'duration': 2.76}, {'end': 2923.821, 'text': 'You already know what the get function does.', 'start': 2922.021, 'duration': 1.8}, {'end': 2928.503, 'text': 'We have keys which basically returns all the keys for this particular dictionary.', 'start': 2924.341, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 2931.764, 'text': 'We have the values which returns the values of the dictionary.', 'start': 2929.023, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 2936.404, 'text': 'We have the items which returns the key value pair in the tuple forms.', 'start': 2931.884, 'duration': 4.52}], 'summary': 'Deleting elements from a dictionary using del keyword, pop item function, and clear method; also discussing keys, values, items, and get functions.', 'duration': 84.554, 'max_score': 2851.85, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s2851850.jpg'}, {'end': 2984.752, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2955.099, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2956.78, 'text': "Let's move over to sets.", 'start': 2955.099, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 2960.483, 'text': 'The next data type are sets.', 'start': 2958.141, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 2962.545, 'text': 'if you know arithmetic, you would know what sets are.', 'start': 2960.483, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 2966.095, 'text': 'That is basically what we have in Python right now.', 'start': 2963.132, 'duration': 2.963}, {'end': 2971.16, 'text': 'sets are basically unordered collection of unique elements and they are mutable.', 'start': 2966.095, 'duration': 5.065}, {'end': 2972.741, 'text': 'So how do you write sets?', 'start': 2971.68, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 2977.786, 'text': 'So sets are basically written in the flower braces, but with a comma only.', 'start': 2973.482, 'duration': 4.304}, {'end': 2980.688, 'text': 'you do not have a key value pair whenever you have a key value pair.', 'start': 2977.786, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 2984.752, 'text': 'It becomes a dictionary whenever you just have elements it becomes a set.', 'start': 2980.768, 'duration': 3.984}], 'summary': 'Python sets are unordered collections of unique, mutable elements written in curly braces with no key-value pairs.', 'duration': 29.653, 'max_score': 2955.099, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s2955099.jpg'}, {'end': 3085.206, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3057.058, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3060.541, 'text': 'So what are basically all these methods?', 'start': 3057.058, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 3064.023, 'text': 'Union is basically adding the elements of both the sets.', 'start': 3060.541, 'duration': 3.482}, {'end': 3066.865, 'text': 'intersection is to find out the common elements.', 'start': 3064.023, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 3072.689, 'text': 'difference is to delete the common elements and have the remaining elements given as the output,', 'start': 3066.865, 'duration': 5.824}, {'end': 3076.251, 'text': 'and symmetric difference is to take out both the common elements that are in the set.', 'start': 3072.689, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 3085.206, 'text': 'Symmetric difference is to take out all the elements that are common in the set and give as output the remaining elements that are in both the sets.', 'start': 3077.003, 'duration': 8.203}], 'summary': 'Methods include union, intersection, difference, and symmetric difference for set operations.', 'duration': 28.148, 'max_score': 3057.058, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s3057058.jpg'}, {'end': 3264.199, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3233.114, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 3236.417, 'text': 'strings are basically a collection of characters.', 'start': 3233.114, 'duration': 3.303}, {'end': 3241.741, 'text': 'if you have a, B, C, capital A, capital B, capital C, all these are characters.', 'start': 3236.417, 'duration': 5.324}, {'end': 3249.166, 'text': 'right now, we have to remember that python is case sensitive, which means that capital A and small a are different from each other.', 'start': 3241.741, 'duration': 7.425}, {'end': 3256.493, 'text': 'So strings are basically written using either the single or the double quotation marks and they are not mutable,', 'start': 3249.767, 'duration': 6.726}, {'end': 3259.695, 'text': 'meaning that you cannot change particular data in the string.', 'start': 3256.493, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 3264.199, 'text': "So let's move ahead and go to the tutorial that I have for you guys.", 'start': 3260.276, 'duration': 3.923}], 'summary': 'Strings are collections of characters; python is case sensitive; strings are immutable.', 'duration': 31.085, 'max_score': 3233.114, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s3233114.jpg'}], 'start': 2249.541, 'title': 'Python data structures', 'summary': 'Covers list and tuple operations, including reversing data, using the copy function, and explaining tuple operations emphasizing immutability, along with explanations of dictionaries, and sets in python, including methods and operations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2585.296, 'start': 2249.541, 'title': 'List and tuple operations', 'summary': 'Covers list operations, including reversing data and using the dot copy function, as well as explanations and examples of tuple operations, emphasizing the immutability of tuples and methods for initialization, data access, and mutation.', 'duration': 335.755, 'highlights': ['Tuples are not mutable, making them faster than lists. Tuples are not mutable, making them faster than lists.', 'Tuples are written using parentheses and can be initialized using the tuple function or commas within parentheses. Tuples are written using parentheses and can be initialized using the tuple function or commas within parentheses.', 'Empty tuples are used when the exact data to be sent into the tuple is unknown, and data can be concatenated into the tuple using the tuple function. Empty tuples are used when the exact data to be sent into the tuple is unknown, and data can be concatenated into the tuple using the tuple function.', 'It is important to include a comma at the end when initializing a tuple with a single element to differentiate it from a string. It is important to include a comma at the end when initializing a tuple with a single element to differentiate it from a string.', 'Changing data in a tuple is possible if the data being changed is mutable. Changing data in a tuple is possible if the data being changed is mutable.']}, {'end': 2954.499, 'start': 2586.176, 'title': 'Understanding dictionaries in python', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of dictionaries in python, where key-value pairs are used to store data, and demonstrates initialization, accessing, adding, changing, and removing elements in a dictionary.', 'duration': 368.323, 'highlights': ['Dictionaries store key-value pairs, similar to a contacts application where name and phone number are common keys, and different values are entered for each key. The chapter explains the concept of key-value pairs in dictionaries by using the example of a contacts application, where name and phone number are common keys, and different values are entered for each key.', 'Initializing an empty dictionary can be done using flower braces or the dict method. Explanation on how to initialize an empty dictionary using flower braces or the dict method.', 'Accessing elements in a dictionary is done using keys, and it demonstrates accessing elements and using the get method to retrieve values based on keys. Demonstration of accessing elements in a dictionary using keys and the get method to retrieve values based on keys.', 'Explains how to change and add elements in a dictionary, showcasing the process of modifying existing values and adding new key-value pairs. Explanation of how to change and add elements in a dictionary, including modifying existing values and adding new key-value pairs.', 'Demonstrates methods to delete elements from a dictionary using the del keyword, pop item function, and clear method. Demonstration of deleting elements from a dictionary using the del keyword, pop item function, and clear method.']}, {'end': 3417.855, 'start': 2955.099, 'title': 'Understanding sets in python', 'summary': 'Explains sets in python, covering the definition, initialization, adding elements, set methods (union, intersection, difference, symmetric difference), set operators, and concludes with an introduction to strings.', 'duration': 462.756, 'highlights': ['Sets are an unordered collection of unique elements and are mutable. Sets in Python are defined as an unordered collection of distinct elements, demonstrated with examples.', 'Explanation of set methods: Union, Intersection, Difference, Symmetric Difference. The chapter delves into set methods like Union, Intersection, Difference, and Symmetric Difference, providing a clear definition and examples of each.', 'Set operators: superset, subset, proper subset, equality, and inequality. The section covers set operators such as superset, subset, proper subset, equality, and inequality, along with examples to illustrate each operator.', 'Introduction to strings and their properties. The chapter introduces strings as a collection of characters in Python, highlighting their properties and usage, including string splicing and functions like length, lower, upper, find, and partition.']}], 'duration': 1168.314, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s2249541.jpg', 'highlights': ['Tuples are not mutable, making them faster than lists.', 'Dictionaries store key-value pairs, similar to a contacts application.', 'Sets are an unordered collection of unique elements and are mutable.', 'Tuples are written using parentheses and can be initialized using the tuple function or commas within parentheses.', 'Accessing elements in a dictionary is done using keys, and it demonstrates accessing elements and using the get method to retrieve values based on keys.', 'Explanation of set methods: Union, Intersection, Difference, Symmetric Difference.', 'Empty tuples are used when the exact data to be sent into the tuple is unknown, and data can be concatenated into the tuple using the tuple function.', 'Initializing an empty dictionary can be done using flower braces or the dict method.', 'Introduction to strings and their properties.', 'Changing data in a tuple is possible if the data being changed is mutable.']}, {'end': 4041.75, 'segs': [{'end': 3544.95, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3521.414, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3529.98, 'text': 'they are basically constructs that are used to manipulate the data, so they can be used to derive information or to manipulate to obtain a solution.', 'start': 3521.414, 'duration': 8.566}, {'end': 3532.904, 'text': 'So as you can see we have seven operators over here.', 'start': 3530.663, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 3538.967, 'text': 'They are the arithmetic assignment comparison logical bitwise identity and membership operators.', 'start': 3533.124, 'duration': 5.843}, {'end': 3541.968, 'text': "So let's go ahead and see all of these operators.", 'start': 3539.667, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 3544.95, 'text': 'So the first one is the arithmetic operator.', 'start': 3542.809, 'duration': 2.141}], 'summary': 'Constructs manipulate data; 7 operators: arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, bitwise, identity, membership.', 'duration': 23.536, 'max_score': 3521.414, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s3521414.jpg'}, {'end': 3661.347, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3634.162, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3640.525, 'text': 'There are shortcut notations where you can add and assign, subtract and assign, multiply and assign and so on,', 'start': 3634.162, 'duration': 6.363}, {'end': 3645.028, 'text': 'so you can understand this better if we have our project over here.', 'start': 3640.525, 'duration': 4.503}, {'end': 3651.078, 'text': 'and we go to the assignment operators and let me go to the presentation mode.', 'start': 3646.213, 'duration': 4.865}, {'end': 3657.764, 'text': 'I have a is equal to 5 and I am giving values to these particular at sub mal and so on.', 'start': 3651.898, 'duration': 5.866}, {'end': 3661.347, 'text': 'So this is called as multiple variable assignment.', 'start': 3658.324, 'duration': 3.023}], 'summary': 'Explanation of shortcut notations for variable assignment and demonstration with a value of 5.', 'duration': 27.185, 'max_score': 3634.162, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s3634162.jpg'}, {'end': 3769.983, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3741.197, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3744.42, 'text': 'So as the name suggests it is used to compare the values.', 'start': 3741.197, 'duration': 3.223}, {'end': 3751.305, 'text': 'So if Phi is equal to Phi it will return a true and if Phi is equal to 6 which will give us a false.', 'start': 3745.02, 'duration': 6.285}, {'end': 3753.415, 'text': 'So these are the various operators.', 'start': 3751.874, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 3761.259, 'text': 'We have the double equal to to compare, if it is true, not equal to to compare if it is not true, which means that if it is not equal,', 'start': 3753.475, 'duration': 7.784}, {'end': 3766.001, 'text': 'then we have the less than or greater than and less than equal to and greater than equal to.', 'start': 3761.259, 'duration': 4.742}, {'end': 3769.983, 'text': "so let's move ahead to our program and go back to the presentation mode.", 'start': 3766.001, 'duration': 3.982}], 'summary': 'Comparison operators like equal to, not equal to, less than, greater than, and their usage explained.', 'duration': 28.786, 'max_score': 3741.197, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s3741197.jpg'}, {'end': 3829.698, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3803.092, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3809.434, 'text': 'If it is greater than equal to it will be true or if it is less than equal to it will be true so you can see the output accordingly.', 'start': 3803.092, 'duration': 6.342}, {'end': 3815.515, 'text': "Let's move ahead to the next set of operators, which are the logical operators.", 'start': 3810.434, 'duration': 5.081}, {'end': 3824.137, 'text': 'logical operators are basically used to obtain logic, which means that if both the elements are true, it will be true if either one of them is true.', 'start': 3815.515, 'duration': 8.622}, {'end': 3829.698, 'text': 'It will give us a true or if not, which means that give us the opposite of it.', 'start': 3824.317, 'duration': 5.381}], 'summary': 'Logical operators are used to obtain logic, returning true based on specific conditions.', 'duration': 26.606, 'max_score': 3803.092, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s3803092.jpg'}, {'end': 4010.534, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 3843.37, 'weight': 0.735, 'content': [{'end': 3850.833, 'text': "So I'm seeing that print of a and B which means that if both of them are true, this will be given a true.", 'start': 3843.37, 'duration': 7.463}, {'end': 3856.116, 'text': 'Now, you have to remember something if it is zero, that means it is always false.', 'start': 3850.993, 'duration': 5.123}, {'end': 3860.277, 'text': 'If it is one and anything greater than one, it will be true.', 'start': 3856.536, 'duration': 3.741}, {'end': 3870.906, 'text': 'a and B will be zero, because This will give us a true only if both of them are true and a or B, which means that it is either 5 or 0..', 'start': 3860.277, 'duration': 10.629}, {'end': 3875.727, 'text': 'So this will also be a true because I am having either one of them to be true.', 'start': 3870.906, 'duration': 4.821}, {'end': 3882.269, 'text': 'So not of a this will give me false because 5 over here is the value of true.', 'start': 3876.588, 'duration': 5.681}, {'end': 3886.87, 'text': 'So not of a so not of true will be false and not of false would be true.', 'start': 3883.109, 'duration': 3.761}, {'end': 3888.811, 'text': 'Let me run the program.', 'start': 3887.851, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 3894.066, 'text': 'So you can see the output accordingly how we had discussed it.', 'start': 3891.024, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 3903.494, 'text': "So, now that we have understood the logical operators, let's move ahead to the next operators that are the bitwise operators.", 'start': 3896.648, 'duration': 6.846}, {'end': 3906.096, 'text': 'bitwise operators will be much more understandable.', 'start': 3903.494, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 3912.06, 'text': 'If you know what the theory of bits is because they are basically used to manipulate the bits directly.', 'start': 3906.236, 'duration': 5.824}, {'end': 3917.924, 'text': 'So we have the bitwise and or XOR once complement and the left shift and the right shift.', 'start': 3912.66, 'duration': 5.264}, {'end': 3919.826, 'text': "Let's move ahead to our demo.", 'start': 3918.665, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 3926.268, 'text': 'It was the bitwise operators and let me go back to the presentation mode.', 'start': 3921.425, 'duration': 4.843}, {'end': 3931.87, 'text': 'So let me just run the program for you.', 'start': 3930.19, 'duration': 1.68}, {'end': 3937.153, 'text': 'So if you and 5 and 6, the number will be 4.', 'start': 3932.751, 'duration': 4.402}, {'end': 3944.617, 'text': 'if you ordered, it will be 7, and then you have the XOR operation that gives us the value 3.', 'start': 3937.153, 'duration': 7.464}, {'end': 3949.232, 'text': 'so we have the not of a, which is the not of 5, will give us the value 6.', 'start': 3944.617, 'duration': 4.615}, {'end': 3955.017, 'text': 'So next we have the left shift and the right shift of Prater, which is equivalent to multiplying with 2..', 'start': 3949.232, 'duration': 5.785}, {'end': 3959.54, 'text': 'So basically what this means is that you will be multiplying 5 into 2 6 times.', 'start': 3955.017, 'duration': 4.523}, {'end': 3963.303, 'text': 'So whenever you have 5 into 2 6 times this will become equal to 320.', 'start': 3960.181, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 3969.228, 'text': 'So it will be 5 into 2 that will be 10 10 into 2 will be 20 and so on.', 'start': 3963.303, 'duration': 5.925}, {'end': 3976.354, 'text': "That's how the calculation works and then you have right shift, which is basically the equivalent of dividing by 2.", 'start': 3969.448, 'duration': 6.906}, {'end': 3978.993, 'text': 'So we have the value as 0.', 'start': 3976.354, 'duration': 2.639}, {'end': 3980.654, 'text': "Let's move ahead with the next operator.", 'start': 3978.993, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 3982.796, 'text': 'This is the identity operator.', 'start': 3980.934, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 3989.08, 'text': 'So identity operator is basically to check whether two elements are identical or not.', 'start': 3983.396, 'duration': 5.684}, {'end': 3999.007, 'text': "So let's move ahead to our program that is the identity operators and move ahead to the presentation mode.", 'start': 3989.781, 'duration': 9.226}, {'end': 4004.651, 'text': 'So we have a is equal to 1 2 3 and B is equal to 2 3 4.', 'start': 4000.248, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 4010.534, 'text': 'So is a equal to be this will be a false and A is not equal to B.', 'start': 4004.651, 'duration': 5.883}], 'summary': 'Explanation of logical & bitwise operators, with examples & outputs. includes identity operator demonstration.', 'duration': 167.164, 'max_score': 3843.37, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s3843370.jpg'}, {'end': 3937.153, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3906.236, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3912.06, 'text': 'If you know what the theory of bits is because they are basically used to manipulate the bits directly.', 'start': 3906.236, 'duration': 5.824}, {'end': 3917.924, 'text': 'So we have the bitwise and or XOR once complement and the left shift and the right shift.', 'start': 3912.66, 'duration': 5.264}, {'end': 3919.826, 'text': "Let's move ahead to our demo.", 'start': 3918.665, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 3926.268, 'text': 'It was the bitwise operators and let me go back to the presentation mode.', 'start': 3921.425, 'duration': 4.843}, {'end': 3931.87, 'text': 'So let me just run the program for you.', 'start': 3930.19, 'duration': 1.68}, {'end': 3937.153, 'text': 'So if you and 5 and 6, the number will be 4.', 'start': 3932.751, 'duration': 4.402}], 'summary': 'Bitwise operators manipulate bits directly. 5 and 6 equals 4.', 'duration': 30.917, 'max_score': 3906.236, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s3906236.jpg'}], 'start': 3418.436, 'title': 'Python string manipulation and operators overview', 'summary': 'Covers string manipulation in python, including functions like partition, split, and replace, as well as the concept of operators. it also explains the seven types of operators in python, including arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, bitwise, identity, and membership operators, with examples and real-world applications, highlighting their functionalities and use cases.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3484.586, 'start': 3418.436, 'title': 'Python string manipulation', 'summary': 'Covers string manipulation in python, including functions like partition, split, and replace, as well as the concept of operators.', 'duration': 66.15, 'highlights': ['The partition function converts strings into tuples, while the split function converts them into lists, and the replace function replaces specified substrings.', 'The chapter introduces the concept of operators in Python, which are used to manipulate data.']}, {'end': 4041.75, 'start': 3485.107, 'title': 'Python operators overview', 'summary': 'Explains the seven types of operators in python, including arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, bitwise, identity, and membership operators, with examples and real-world applications, highlighting their functionalities and use cases.', 'duration': 556.643, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the seven types of operators in Python, including arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, bitwise, identity, and membership operators.', 'The arithmetic operators perform basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, remainder, and exponential, with examples demonstrating their usage and output.', 'The assignment operators are used to assign values to variables and include shortcut notations for adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing, with an explanation of multiple variable assignment and a demonstration of their functionality.', 'The comparison operators are used to compare values, including double equal to, not equal to, less than, greater than, less than or equal to, and greater than or equal to, with examples showcasing their application and output.', "The logical operators are utilized to obtain logical outcomes based on the truth values of the operands, including 'and', 'or', and 'not', with explanations of how they evaluate true and false and a demonstration of their usage.", "The bitwise operators manipulate bits directly, including 'and', 'or', 'XOR', 'not', left shift, and right shift, with examples illustrating their functionality and applications.", "The identity operators check whether two elements are identical, utilizing 'is' and 'is not' to evaluate their equality, with examples demonstrating their usage and output.", "The membership operators determine if a particular element exists in another element, utilizing 'in' and 'not in' to check for membership, with explanations and examples showcasing their application."]}], 'duration': 623.314, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s3418436.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the seven types of operators in Python, including arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, bitwise, identity, and membership operators.', "The bitwise operators manipulate bits directly, including 'and', 'or', 'XOR', 'not', left shift, and right shift, with examples illustrating their functionality and applications.", "The logical operators are utilized to obtain logical outcomes based on the truth values of the operands, including 'and', 'or', and 'not', with explanations of how they evaluate true and false and a demonstration of their usage.", 'The comparison operators are used to compare values, including double equal to, not equal to, less than, greater than, less than or equal to, and greater than or equal to, with examples showcasing their application and output.', 'The assignment operators are used to assign values to variables and include shortcut notations for adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing, with an explanation of multiple variable assignment and a demonstration of their functionality.']}, {'end': 4333.701, 'segs': [{'end': 4140.658, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 4056.659, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4064.329, 'text': 'So print if 2 in a and 2 not in a so 2 is actually in a so I will get and I will get a false over here.', 'start': 4056.659, 'duration': 7.67}, {'end': 4066.25, 'text': "So that's what I have obtained.", 'start': 4065.01, 'duration': 1.24}, {'end': 4070.013, 'text': 'So that basically wraps up all the operators that we have in Python.', 'start': 4067.171, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 4073.955, 'text': "Let's move ahead to the next topic, which is flow control.", 'start': 4070.553, 'duration': 3.402}, {'end': 4080.279, 'text': 'So by now, you would have already understood that the program runs in a sequential manner,', 'start': 4074.515, 'duration': 5.764}, {'end': 4084.421, 'text': "or the program's compilation is done in a sequential manner, that is, line by line.", 'start': 4080.279, 'duration': 4.142}, {'end': 4091.526, 'text': 'What if you want to break that way of compilation so that it can be according to your own advantage.', 'start': 4084.922, 'duration': 6.604}, {'end': 4093.903, 'text': 'That is why you use the flow control.', 'start': 4092.262, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 4099.386, 'text': 'So what is flow control flow control is basically altering the sequence of your code.', 'start': 4094.564, 'duration': 4.822}, {'end': 4104.63, 'text': 'So how do you do that that is done using either the loops or the conditional statements.', 'start': 4099.926, 'duration': 4.704}, {'end': 4110.974, 'text': 'So the conditional statements in Python are the FS and the loops are the for loop and the while loop.', 'start': 4105.33, 'duration': 5.644}, {'end': 4114.456, 'text': "So let's go ahead and understand what are conditional statements.", 'start': 4111.694, 'duration': 2.762}, {'end': 4119.941, 'text': 'Conditional statements basically mean that if a particular condition is satisfied,', 'start': 4115.117, 'duration': 4.824}, {'end': 4125.545, 'text': 'you execute a set of statements or you miss execute another set of statements.', 'start': 4119.941, 'duration': 5.604}, {'end': 4140.658, 'text': "So let's say you are a user who are expected to enter a number and you can enter either a positive number and a negative number and you are expecting the output to say whether the number is a positive or a negative.", 'start': 4126.286, 'duration': 14.372}], 'summary': 'Python operators and flow control, including conditional statements and loops, alter the code sequence for custom advantage.', 'duration': 46.094, 'max_score': 4056.659, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s4056659.jpg'}, {'end': 4216.907, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4195.313, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4206.4, 'text': 'So in other programming languages we use braces to see which block of code comes under which part of if block or the for loop or something like that in Python.', 'start': 4195.313, 'duration': 11.087}, {'end': 4207.261, 'text': "It's not in that way.", 'start': 4206.44, 'duration': 0.821}, {'end': 4209.803, 'text': 'It is basically using indentations.', 'start': 4208.082, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 4215.526, 'text': 'So how do you write the if statements or any other statements it is using the keyword.', 'start': 4210.663, 'duration': 4.863}, {'end': 4216.907, 'text': 'So over here.', 'start': 4215.566, 'duration': 1.341}], 'summary': 'Python uses indentation instead of braces for code block identification.', 'duration': 21.594, 'max_score': 4195.313, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s4195313.jpg'}, {'end': 4315.382, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4281.934, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4283.775, 'text': 'So this is also skipped now.', 'start': 4281.934, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 4286.816, 'text': 'I go down and finally see that B is larger.', 'start': 4284.095, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 4289.958, 'text': "So that's the output that I get over here B is larger.", 'start': 4287.056, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 4294.22, 'text': "I hope you've understood how the if-and-else statements works.", 'start': 4290.938, 'duration': 3.282}, {'end': 4300.063, 'text': 'These are really simple to understand but they can become much more complex according to your applications in the future.', 'start': 4294.3, 'duration': 5.763}, {'end': 4304.385, 'text': 'So let me just show an example of nested if-else blocks.', 'start': 4301.043, 'duration': 3.342}, {'end': 4308.656, 'text': 'Let me go ahead and run this.', 'start': 4307.355, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 4315.382, 'text': 'So yeah, I was seeing as an example you enter a number if it is greater than equal to 0.', 'start': 4309.177, 'duration': 6.205}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates use of if-else statements with an example of nested blocks.', 'duration': 33.448, 'max_score': 4281.934, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s4281934.jpg'}], 'start': 4042.71, 'title': 'Python control flow', 'summary': 'Covers python operators, flow control, and conditional statements, including if-else statements and nested if-else blocks, with examples demonstrating how to alter the sequence of code execution.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4333.701, 'start': 4042.71, 'title': 'Python control flow', 'summary': 'Covers python operators, flow control, and conditional statements, including if-else statements and nested if-else blocks, with examples demonstrating how to alter the sequence of code execution.', 'duration': 290.991, 'highlights': ['The chapter wraps up all the operators in Python and moves ahead to the topic of flow control. The chapter introduces the concept of flow control after covering Python operators.', 'Flow control in Python involves altering the sequence of code using loops or conditional statements, including the FS conditional statement, for loop, and while loop. Flow control in Python encompasses altering code sequence through loops or conditional statements such as the FS conditional statement, for loop, and while loop.', 'Conditional statements in Python, such as the if-else statements, execute a set of statements based on whether a specific condition is satisfied. Conditional statements in Python, like if-else statements, execute a set of statements based on the satisfaction of specific conditions.', 'Python uses indentations instead of braces to define code blocks under if statements or loops, making the code more readable and structured. Python uses indentations instead of braces to define code blocks under if statements or loops, enhancing code readability and structure.', 'The chapter provides examples of if-else statements and demonstrates how they can be used to execute different sets of statements based on conditions, with a note that they can become more complex according to specific applications. The chapter offers examples of if-else statements and emphasizes that they can become more complex based on specific applications.', 'The chapter concludes with an example of nested if-else blocks to showcase more advanced conditional statement structures and their practical usage. The chapter concludes with an example of nested if-else blocks to showcase more advanced conditional statement structures and their practical usage.']}], 'duration': 290.991, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s4042710.jpg', 'highlights': ['Flow control in Python encompasses altering code sequence through loops or conditional statements such as the FS conditional statement, for loop, and while loop.', 'Conditional statements in Python, like if-else statements, execute a set of statements based on the satisfaction of specific conditions.', 'Python uses indentations instead of braces to define code blocks under if statements or loops, enhancing code readability and structure.', 'The chapter offers examples of if-else statements and emphasizes that they can become more complex based on specific applications.', 'The chapter concludes with an example of nested if-else blocks to showcase more advanced conditional statement structures and their practical usage.', 'The chapter introduces the concept of flow control after covering Python operators.']}, {'end': 4719.316, 'segs': [{'end': 4424.835, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4383.163, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4387.246, 'text': 'So we have two loops in Python that are the for loops and the while loops.', 'start': 4383.163, 'duration': 4.083}, {'end': 4396.132, 'text': 'So the for loops will have your initialization and all your increment decrement operations that are being done exactly in the first statement.', 'start': 4387.886, 'duration': 8.246}, {'end': 4399.994, 'text': 'So you do not need to explicitly do the condition updation.', 'start': 4396.212, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 4405.438, 'text': 'Whereas in the while loop you would need to do the condition updation so that you can terminate the loop.', 'start': 4400.375, 'duration': 5.063}, {'end': 4410.889, 'text': 'So the for loops are used whenever you know how many times you have to execute a certain set of statements.', 'start': 4406.087, 'duration': 4.802}, {'end': 4414.611, 'text': 'Whereas in the while loop you may not necessarily know,', 'start': 4411.409, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 4421.674, 'text': "and that's the reason the user is given the option to explicitly change the conditions inside so that he can terminate the loop.", 'start': 4414.611, 'duration': 7.063}, {'end': 4424.835, 'text': "So let's go ahead and go to our program.", 'start': 4422.254, 'duration': 2.581}], 'summary': 'Python has for and while loops for iteration. for loops handle initialization and increment/decrement, while loops require explicit condition updating. for loops are used when the number of iterations is known, while loops are used when the number of iterations is not known.', 'duration': 41.672, 'max_score': 4383.163, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s4383163.jpg'}, {'end': 4499.818, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4471.132, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4476.737, 'text': 'Let me just give you another example so that you can understand how and why you should also use loops.', 'start': 4471.132, 'duration': 5.605}, {'end': 4479.1, 'text': 'So let me just uncomment all of this.', 'start': 4477.178, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 4486.527, 'text': 'Yes, so I have numbers 1 to 5 and I am saying that I want to add all the numbers in this particular list.', 'start': 4480.741, 'duration': 5.786}, {'end': 4493.114, 'text': 'So if I would have to use explicit statements where I add each number it would become very much longer for me.', 'start': 4487.15, 'duration': 5.964}, {'end': 4499.818, 'text': 'So, instead of that, I just say, for I, in the numbers, some of the elements is equal to plus, equal to of I.', 'start': 4493.554, 'duration': 6.264}], 'summary': 'Using loops to add numbers from 1 to 5 is more efficient than using explicit statements.', 'duration': 28.686, 'max_score': 4471.132, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s4471132.jpg'}, {'end': 4546.412, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4515.495, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4518.296, 'text': 'I just had to write one statement and my work was done.', 'start': 4515.495, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 4521.457, 'text': 'So next let me show you something called as the range function.', 'start': 4518.816, 'duration': 2.641}, {'end': 4530.64, 'text': 'So range is basically used to give a particular set of variables.', 'start': 4525.418, 'duration': 5.222}, {'end': 4536.921, 'text': 'So if I see range at 10, it would basically mean that the numbers from 0 to 9.', 'start': 4531.08, 'duration': 5.841}, {'end': 4542.369, 'text': 'So as you can see, I have obtained the number 0 to 9.', 'start': 4536.921, 'duration': 5.448}, {'end': 4546.412, 'text': 'Let me go ahead and uncomment the next part of the range function.', 'start': 4542.369, 'duration': 4.043}], 'summary': 'The range function generates a set of numbers from 0 to 9, demonstrated in a code example.', 'duration': 30.917, 'max_score': 4515.495, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s4515495.jpg'}, {'end': 4686.819, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4659.062, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4663.305, 'text': 'the conditions have to be changed by the user itself, and that is what I have done here.', 'start': 4659.062, 'duration': 4.243}, {'end': 4666.687, 'text': "So I'm just printing the second and once the loop is done.", 'start': 4663.925, 'duration': 2.762}, {'end': 4668.148, 'text': 'I just print the blast off.', 'start': 4666.707, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 4673.612, 'text': 'So as you can see, this is basically a countdown and you get up to 1 0 and then the blast off.', 'start': 4668.228, 'duration': 5.384}, {'end': 4677.455, 'text': "So I hope you've understood how the while loop works.", 'start': 4674.453, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 4679.857, 'text': 'These are really simple examples.', 'start': 4678.416, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 4682.857, 'text': 'keep practicing more and more to understand how these work.', 'start': 4680.356, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 4686.819, 'text': 'So next we have the while and the else loop.', 'start': 4683.597, 'duration': 3.222}], 'summary': 'Demonstration of using while loop for countdown and blast off.', 'duration': 27.757, 'max_score': 4659.062, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s4659062.jpg'}, {'end': 4727.36, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4699.984, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4704.486, 'text': 'Hello, Hello three times, and then asking why are you not replying next??', 'start': 4699.984, 'duration': 4.502}, {'end': 4709.368, 'text': 'We have something called as the nested loops, so you can have different sort of loops.', 'start': 4704.506, 'duration': 4.862}, {'end': 4711.932, 'text': 'You can have for loop, within a for loop.', 'start': 4710.171, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 4713.653, 'text': 'You can have for loop within a while loop.', 'start': 4711.992, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 4715.774, 'text': 'You can have while loop within a while loop.', 'start': 4713.993, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 4719.316, 'text': 'You can have for loop and a while loop anything like that is possible.', 'start': 4716.194, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 4722.297, 'text': "So I'm basically printing a pyramid over here.", 'start': 4719.916, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 4724.518, 'text': 'So as you can see, this is how it works.', 'start': 4722.737, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 4727.36, 'text': 'You will understand more about nested loops.', 'start': 4725.159, 'duration': 2.201}], 'summary': 'Introduction to nested loops for creating pyramids and understanding their usage.', 'duration': 27.376, 'max_score': 4699.984, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s4699984.jpg'}], 'start': 4333.961, 'title': 'Python loops and range function', 'summary': 'Introduces for and while loops in python, explaining their purpose and differences, with for loops used for a known number of iterations and while loops for unknown iterations, aiming to reduce redundancy and make code more concise. it also covers the usage of for loops with examples of iterating through a list of fruits and summing up numbers, demonstrates the range function, and also covers while loops with examples of countdown and nested loops.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4424.835, 'start': 4333.961, 'title': 'Python loops: for and while', 'summary': 'Introduces for and while loops in python, explaining their purpose and differences, with for loops used for a known number of iterations and while loops for unknown iterations, aiming to reduce redundancy and make code more concise.', 'duration': 90.874, 'highlights': ['Loops are used to execute a set of statements for different inputs for several times, aiming to reduce redundancy and make the code smaller.', 'For loops in Python handle initialization, increment/decrement operations, and do not require explicit condition updation, while while loops need condition updation for termination.', 'For loops are utilized when the number of iterations is known, while while loops are used for unknown iterations, allowing explicit condition changes for termination.']}, {'end': 4719.316, 'start': 4426.556, 'title': 'Python loops and range function', 'summary': 'Explains the usage of for loops with examples of iterating through a list of fruits and summing up numbers, demonstrates the range function, and also covers while loops with examples of countdown and nested loops.', 'duration': 292.76, 'highlights': ['The for loop is demonstrated with examples of iterating through a list of fruits and summing numbers, reducing the need for explicit statements and making the code more concise.', 'The range function is explained with examples of generating a sequence of numbers from 0 to 9, from 2 to 6, and with a skip element, showcasing its versatile usage in applications.', 'The while loop is illustrated with an example of a countdown, emphasizing the need for user-driven condition changes, and the concept of while with the else loop is demonstrated.', 'The concept of nested loops is introduced, highlighting the flexibility to have different types of loops within each other for various applications.']}], 'duration': 385.355, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s4333961.jpg', 'highlights': ['For loops handle initialization, increment/decrement operations, while while loops need explicit condition updation.', 'For loops are utilized when the number of iterations is known, while while loops are used for unknown iterations.', 'The for loop is demonstrated with examples of iterating through a list of fruits and summing numbers, reducing the need for explicit statements.', 'The range function is explained with examples of generating a sequence of numbers, showcasing its versatile usage.', 'The while loop is illustrated with an example of a countdown, emphasizing the need for user-driven condition changes.', 'The concept of nested loops is introduced, highlighting the flexibility to have different types of loops within each other.']}, {'end': 5342.272, 'segs': [{'end': 4771.445, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4744.046, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4753.091, 'text': "So let's move ahead and understand what our functions in Python functions are basically blocks of code which perform a certain particular sort of application,", 'start': 4744.046, 'duration': 9.045}, {'end': 4754.992, 'text': 'and they can be run whenever they are called.', 'start': 4753.091, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 4758.054, 'text': 'So why functions are required?', 'start': 4755.552, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 4764.578, 'text': 'because functions reduce the redundancy and they increase the readability, and there is something called as pass by object.', 'start': 4758.054, 'duration': 6.524}, {'end': 4771.445, 'text': 'If you are an old-school programmer, you would know that there is something called as pass by value and pass by reference.', 'start': 4765.942, 'duration': 5.503}], 'summary': 'Python functions reduce redundancy, increase readability, and can be run when called.', 'duration': 27.399, 'max_score': 4744.046, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s4744046.jpg'}, {'end': 5073.989, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5040.277, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5041.598, 'text': "and it's just not for list.", 'start': 5040.277, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 5043.28, 'text': 'You can even use it for tuples.', 'start': 5041.698, 'duration': 1.582}, {'end': 5046.543, 'text': 'You can use it for sets all other sort of data types.', 'start': 5043.32, 'duration': 3.223}, {'end': 5053.669, 'text': 'This is just an example for you to show the different types of built-in functions that Python already has for you to use,', 'start': 5047.263, 'duration': 6.406}, {'end': 5060.875, 'text': 'and I have the sum function over here, which is 1 plus 0 plus 3, 1 plus 0 is 1 and 1 plus 3 is equal to 4..', 'start': 5053.669, 'duration': 7.206}, {'end': 5066.66, 'text': "That's the reason I get a 4 and then I have type which is used to give the type of the data that I have passed to it.", 'start': 5060.875, 'duration': 5.785}, {'end': 5073.989, 'text': 'So if I am passing a list, I will get the class as list so that basically wraps up the session for functions.', 'start': 5067.148, 'duration': 6.841}], 'summary': 'Python has built-in functions for lists, tuples, sets etc. example: sum function yields 4, type function shows data type.', 'duration': 33.712, 'max_score': 5040.277, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s5040277.jpg'}, {'end': 5142.428, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5081.171, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5084.351, 'text': 'It is basically where you have data stored inside them.', 'start': 5081.171, 'duration': 3.18}, {'end': 5091.873, 'text': 'So what is file handling? Well, python provides you libraries which you can use to handle files within python itself.', 'start': 5084.812, 'duration': 7.061}, {'end': 5096.874, 'text': 'So you can read and write data to and from a file accordingly to, however you want to.', 'start': 5092.513, 'duration': 4.361}, {'end': 5099.327, 'text': 'So what are the steps that you need to follow?', 'start': 5097.526, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 5101.628, 'text': 'There are basically three steps.', 'start': 5099.827, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 5102.408, 'text': 'you open the file.', 'start': 5101.628, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 5106.09, 'text': 'You can perform your operations and you have to close your file.', 'start': 5102.748, 'duration': 3.342}, {'end': 5113.113, 'text': 'closing your file is really important, because what happens is whenever a file is being read or written to, it is basically bought into the memory.', 'start': 5106.09, 'duration': 7.023}, {'end': 5119.216, 'text': 'Now if you do not close the file, it will still remain in the memory and there are chances that the file gets corrupted.', 'start': 5113.553, 'duration': 5.663}, {'end': 5122.817, 'text': 'So to avoid that damage, please make sure that you close your files.', 'start': 5119.756, 'duration': 3.061}, {'end': 5124.638, 'text': 'These are the different operations.', 'start': 5123.477, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 5130.56, 'text': 'So for opening a file, you use the open command and then file name and the mode.', 'start': 5125.396, 'duration': 5.164}, {'end': 5135.043, 'text': 'so mode may either be the read or the write or the append mode.', 'start': 5130.56, 'duration': 4.483}, {'end': 5137.765, 'text': 'then, to read the data, you use the read function.', 'start': 5135.043, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 5142.428, 'text': 'to write you use the write function and to close, you have the file or close function.', 'start': 5137.765, 'duration': 4.663}], 'summary': 'Python file handling allows reading, writing, and closing files to avoid memory issues and data corruption.', 'duration': 61.257, 'max_score': 5081.171, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s5081171.jpg'}], 'start': 4719.916, 'title': 'Python functions, built-in functions, and file handling basics', 'summary': 'Covers python functions, their purpose, usage, and benefits, along with various built-in functions such as absolute, all, any, length, minimum, maximum, and sum. additionally, it explains the basics of file handling in python, including file operations, modes, and the significance of proper file closure.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5060.875, 'start': 4719.916, 'title': 'Python functions and built-in functions', 'summary': 'Covers the concept of python functions, including their purpose, usage, and benefits, as well as demonstrates various built-in functions such as absolute, all, any, length, minimum, maximum, and sum, with examples and outputs, emphasizing the practical applications and advantages of using functions and built-in functions in python.', 'duration': 340.959, 'highlights': ['Python functions and their benefits in reducing redundancy and increasing readability are explained, emphasizing the concept of pass by object and its implications on manipulating objects within functions. The tutorial explains the purpose of Python functions, highlighting their role in reducing redundancy and enhancing readability. It also introduces the concept of pass by object, illustrating how objects are manipulated within functions.', 'The demonstration of functions for addition and multiplication showcases the simplicity and efficiency of using functions in Python for performing repetitive tasks, highlighting the contrast between using functions and writing multiple lines of code for the same operations. The tutorial provides a practical demonstration of using functions for addition and multiplication, emphasizing the efficiency and simplicity of using functions compared to writing repetitive lines of code for the same operations.', 'Various built-in functions such as absolute, all, any, length, minimum, maximum, and sum are showcased with examples, highlighting their utility for performing operations on data structures and emphasizing their versatility across different data types. The tutorial demonstrates the usage of built-in functions such as absolute, all, any, length, minimum, maximum, and sum, underscoring their versatility for performing operations on different data structures and their applicability across various data types.']}, {'end': 5342.272, 'start': 5060.875, 'title': 'Python file handling basics', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of file handling in python, including the steps to open, perform operations, and close a file, the different modes for reading and writing data, and the importance of closing files to avoid memory issues and corruption.', 'duration': 281.397, 'highlights': ['Python provides libraries for handling files, allowing reading and writing of data to and from files within the program. Python provides libraries for handling files, allowing reading and writing of data to and from files within the program.', 'The process of file handling involves three steps: opening the file, performing operations, and closing the file; closing the file is crucial to prevent memory issues and file corruption. The process of file handling involves three steps: opening the file, performing operations, and closing the file; closing the file is crucial to prevent memory issues and file corruption.', 'Different modes such as read, write, and append are used for handling files, with specific functions for reading and writing data, and appending without overwriting existing data. Different modes such as read, write, and append are used for handling files, with specific functions for reading and writing data, and appending without overwriting existing data.']}], 'duration': 622.356, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/woVJ4N5nl_s/pics/woVJ4N5nl_s4719916.jpg', 'highlights': ['Various built-in functions such as absolute, all, any, length, minimum, maximum, and sum are showcased with examples, highlighting their utility for performing operations on data structures and emphasizing their versatility across different data types.', 'The demonstration of functions for addition and multiplication showcases the simplicity and efficiency of using functions in Python for performing repetitive tasks, highlighting the contrast between using functions and writing multiple lines of code for the same operations.', 'Python functions and their benefits in reducing redundancy and increasing readability are explained, emphasizing the concept of pass by object and its implications on manipulating objects within functions.', 'Python provides libraries for handling files, allowing reading and writing of data to and from files within the program.', 'The process of file handling involves three steps: opening the file, performing operations, and closing the file; closing the file is crucial to prevent memory issues and file corruption.', 'Different modes such as read, write, and append are used for handling files, with specific functions for reading and writing data, and appending without overwriting existing data.']}], 'highlights': ["Python's creation in 1989 and its subsequent popularity in machine learning and artificial intelligence highlight its relevance and adaptability in modern technology.", 'The chapter covers an overview of Python data types, including numeric, lists, tuples, dictionary, sets, and strings. It explains the six data types present in Python.', 'The chapter explains numeric data types including integers, floats, and complex numbers in Python. It explains the basics of numeric data types in Python, including integers, floats, and complex numbers.', 'The chapter explains the seven types of operators in Python, including arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, bitwise, identity, and membership operators.', 'Flow control in Python encompasses altering code sequence through loops or conditional statements such as the FS conditional statement, for loop, and while loop.', 'Various built-in functions such as absolute, all, any, length, minimum, maximum, and sum are showcased with examples, highlighting their utility for performing operations on data structures and emphasizing their versatility across different data types.', 'Python provides libraries for handling files, allowing reading and writing of data to and from files within the program.']}