title
Linux Tutorial For Beginners - 1 | Linux Administration Tutorial | Linux Commands | Edureka

description
πŸ”₯ Edureka Linux Administration Certification Training (Use Code "π˜πŽπ”π“π”ππ„πŸπŸŽ") - https://www.edureka.co/linux-admin This Linux Tutorial video will help you get started with Linux Administration. This Linux tutorial will also give you an introduction to the basic Linux commands so that you can start using the Linux CLI. Do watch the video till the very end to see all the demonstration. Below are the topics covered in this tutorial: 1) Why go for Linux? 2) Various distributions of Linux 3) Basic Linux commands: ls, cd, pwd, clear commands 4) Working with files & directories: cat, vi, gedit, mkdir, rmdir, rm commands 5) Managing file Permissions: chmod, chgrp, chown commands πŸ“’πŸ“’ 𝐓𝐨𝐩 𝟏𝟎 π“π«πžπ§ππ’π§π  π“πžπœπ‘π§π¨π₯𝐨𝐠𝐒𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 π‹πžπšπ«π§ 𝐒𝐧 πŸπŸŽπŸπŸ’ π’πžπ«π’πžπ¬ πŸ“’πŸ“’ ⏩ NEW Top 10 Technologies To Learn In 2024 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vaLXPv0ewHU #edureka #LinuxEdureka #LinuxTutorial #LnuxOnlineTraining #LinuxCommands Check our complete Linux admin playlist here: https://goo.gl/ZUTGVb Check our complete Linux admin Blog List here: https://bit.ly/2VsUt85 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Subscribe to our channel to get video updates. Hit the subscribe button above: https://goo.gl/6ohpTV Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka Telegram: https://t.me/edurekaupdates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - How it Works? 1. This is a 7 Week Instructor led Online Course, 25 hours of assignment and 10 hours of project work 2. We have a 24x7 One-on-One LIVE Technical Support to help you with any problems you might face or any clarifications you may require during the course. 3. At the end of the training you will have to undergo a 2-hour LIVE Practical Exam based on which we will provide you a Grade and a Verifiable Certificate! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - About the Course: Edureka's Linux Administration course covers all the concepts on administration methods in Linux. Starting from Linux installation to security administration, networking concepts, file system management, system services, Kernel services, Linux configuration. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Who should go for this course? This course can be taken by any professional who wants to be a Linux Administrator or wants to learn Linux. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Why learn Linux Administration? Linux is everywhere. In your daily life, you are communicating with Linux servers, major internet sites such as Facebook and Google are using Linux servers. In addition, most modern televisions and Android mobiles run on Linux. At the root of it, Linux is free software used to control desktop, laptop, supercomputers, mobile devices, networking equipment, airplanes and automobiles and so on. With Linux knowledge and an inexpensive computer you can create tiny gadgets at home, making it a widely acclaimed weapon in your skills' armour. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For more information, Please write back to us at sales@edureka.co or call us at IND: 9606058406 / US: 18338555775 (toll free). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Customer Review: Kanishk says, β€œLet me start of by congratulating the entire Edureka team for putting together such an amazing content for their courses. I am enrolled in their live course and my learning experience has been phenomenal. I tried learning Linux Administration on my own but in every attempt i hit a dead end. However, I learned Linux Administration from the very best. The quality and experience of the instructor are excellent and this reflects in his high quality post lecture hands on projects and assignments. I must also take this opportunity to thank the support staff for prompt doubt solving via their student forums. I am a permanent member of theirs and will continue to learn from Edureka.”

detail
{'title': 'Linux Tutorial For Beginners - 1 | Linux Administration Tutorial | Linux Commands | Edureka', 'heatmap': [{'end': 4354.573, 'start': 4255.465, 'weight': 0.848}, {'end': 7123.289, 'start': 7023.116, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': 'The tutorial series on linux administration covers linux overview, evolution of linux and unix, linux features and cli usage, basic unix commands, ls command flags, sorting files, copying with cp command, linux file commands, understanding cat and grep commands, and linux user and file permissions.', 'chapters': [{'end': 51.124, 'segs': [{'end': 33.334, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.089, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3.011, 'text': "Hey guys, my name is Vardhan and I'll be your instructor for today.", 'start': 0.089, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 10.938, 'text': "So, on behalf of Edureka, I welcome you all to this webinar on Linux tutorial, and in today's session I'm gonna give you a complete overview of Linux.", 'start': 3.452, 'duration': 7.486}, {'end': 14.741, 'text': "Okay so, it doesn't matter if you're a beginner or if you have good knowledge about Linux,", 'start': 10.938, 'duration': 3.803}, {'end': 19.445, 'text': "But I'm gonna teach you concepts that you can take away home and you can execute for yourself.", 'start': 14.741, 'duration': 4.704}, {'end': 23.288, 'text': 'So, guys, before I get started, let me just take a quick confirmation from you people.', 'start': 19.445, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 26.37, 'text': 'I hope you can hear my voice and see my screen.', 'start': 23.288, 'duration': 3.082}, {'end': 29.653, 'text': "if that's the case, please put that in the chat box and I'll get started.", 'start': 26.37, 'duration': 3.283}, {'end': 33.334, 'text': "Okay so I'm getting a couple of acknowledgements here.", 'start': 30.99, 'duration': 2.344}], 'summary': 'Vardhan will be conducting a linux tutorial webinar, providing a complete overview for beginners and experienced individuals to execute concepts at home.', 'duration': 33.245, 'max_score': 0.089, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN1489.jpg'}], 'start': 0.089, 'title': 'Linux overview webinar', 'summary': "Provides a complete overview of linux, suitable for beginners and those with existing knowledge. the instructor ensures audience's ability to hear and see the screen before proceeding with the session.", 'chapters': [{'end': 51.124, 'start': 0.089, 'title': 'Linux overview webinar', 'summary': "Provides a complete overview of linux, ensuring that both beginners and those with existing knowledge can take away and execute concepts. the instructor confirms the audience's ability to hear and see the screen before proceeding with the session.", 'duration': 51.035, 'highlights': ['The instructor emphasizes providing a complete overview of Linux, ensuring that both beginners and those with existing knowledge can take away and execute concepts.', "The instructor confirms the audience's ability to hear and see the screen before proceeding with the session.", 'The instructor welcomes the audience to a webinar on Linux tutorial, expressing the intention to give a comprehensive overview of Linux.']}], 'duration': 51.035, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN1489.jpg', 'highlights': ['The instructor emphasizes providing a complete overview of Linux, suitable for beginners and those with existing knowledge.', "The instructor confirms the audience's ability to hear and see the screen before proceeding with the session.", 'The instructor welcomes the audience to a webinar on Linux tutorial, expressing the intention to give a comprehensive overview of Linux.']}, {'end': 1159.627, 'segs': [{'end': 107.03, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 81.85, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 92.859, 'text': "in the hands-on we have I've categorized this into different phases where you know I'll talk about the basic Linux commands first and then I'll show you how to work with files and directories and then I'll show you how to add and delete users.", 'start': 81.85, 'duration': 11.009}, {'end': 95.141, 'text': 'you know, you will learn all those administration aspects.', 'start': 92.859, 'duration': 2.282}, {'end': 98.463, 'text': 'and finally, there will be one networking aspect which I will cover in Linux.', 'start': 95.141, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 100.285, 'text': 'okay, so there is something called as SSH.', 'start': 98.463, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 107.03, 'text': 'okay, SSH stands for secure shell and this is used for communication, Supposing you want to communicate with the remote host.', 'start': 100.285, 'duration': 6.745}], 'summary': 'Linux workshop covers basic commands, file management, user admin, and ssh networking.', 'duration': 25.18, 'max_score': 81.85, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN1481850.jpg'}, {'end': 200.555, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 175.435, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 181.08, 'text': "so, without wasting much time, let's go to the first topic, and that is why did Linux become popular?", 'start': 175.435, 'duration': 5.645}, {'end': 184.302, 'text': 'well before I talk about, you know why they became popular.', 'start': 181.08, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 187.425, 'text': "let's look at the birth of Linux, how things started off, okay.", 'start': 184.302, 'duration': 3.123}, {'end': 193.409, 'text': 'so back in 1969, there was this person called you know, in fact there were two people, Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson, right.', 'start': 187.425, 'duration': 5.984}, {'end': 198.313, 'text': 'so they were working in the AT&T Bell Labs, and what they did was they created this C programming.', 'start': 193.409, 'duration': 4.904}, {'end': 200.555, 'text': "So we're all aware of programming, right?", 'start': 198.853, 'duration': 1.702}], 'summary': 'Exploring the birth of linux and its popularity, starting from the development of c programming by dennis ritchie and ken thompson at at&t bell labs in 1969.', 'duration': 25.12, 'max_score': 175.435, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN14175435.jpg'}, {'end': 272.642, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 247.443, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 252.307, 'text': 'So it says growth of Unix because of open source collaboration and there was commercial sale of Unix.', 'start': 247.443, 'duration': 4.864}, {'end': 258.952, 'text': 'Now, what this meant is that you know the product that Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson created, right that those were, you know,', 'start': 252.728, 'duration': 6.224}, {'end': 260.553, 'text': 'Something really attractive.', 'start': 259.273, 'duration': 1.28}, {'end': 265.257, 'text': 'there were some amazing software and operating systems that would you know, power machines and computers?', 'start': 260.553, 'duration': 4.704}, {'end': 269.54, 'text': 'Now, what this meant was you know they had to be developed to become even better, right?', 'start': 265.857, 'duration': 3.683}, {'end': 271.561, 'text': 'So they made it open source.', 'start': 270.04, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 272.642, 'text': 'It was.', 'start': 271.821, 'duration': 0.821}], 'summary': "Unix's growth due to open source collaboration and commercial sale, leading to development and attractiveness of the product.", 'duration': 25.199, 'max_score': 247.443, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN14247443.jpg'}, {'end': 359.025, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 321, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 327.243, 'text': 'So they made money out of that by starting commercial sale of Unix and this was something that did not go down well with many people.', 'start': 321, 'duration': 6.243}, {'end': 334.348, 'text': 'This did not go down well with the other developers and scientists because it was their effort which contributed to the growth of Unix.', 'start': 327.923, 'duration': 6.425}, {'end': 339.632, 'text': "But, however, they are not getting any benefits of you know Unix because AT&T that was making money out of somebody else's work.", 'start': 334.348, 'duration': 5.284}, {'end': 341.293, 'text': "So that's what happened in the 1970s.", 'start': 339.632, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 346.036, 'text': 'Okay. and then came the 1980s, which was a little more different.', 'start': 341.793, 'duration': 4.243}, {'end': 347.417, 'text': 'So, instead of you know buying,', 'start': 346.036, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 355.503, 'text': 'you know Unix from AT&T and you know Having two different versions of Unix one was a free BSD and the other one was the paid AT&T version of Unix.', 'start': 347.417, 'duration': 8.086}, {'end': 359.025, 'text': 'So, instead of going to go for them, companies started developing their own Unix.', 'start': 355.803, 'duration': 3.222}], 'summary': 'Unix commercial sale led to discontent among developers, prompting companies to develop their own versions in the 1980s.', 'duration': 38.025, 'max_score': 321, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN14321000.jpg'}, {'end': 461.003, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 433.027, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 436.908, 'text': "so that's what this led to, and that's what we call even today, right.", 'start': 433.027, 'duration': 3.881}, {'end': 441.99, 'text': 'so GNU is basically the operating system, and the Linux is the kernel that powers the operating system.', 'start': 436.908, 'duration': 5.082}, {'end': 446.313, 'text': 'So a combination of these two is what results in one of the distributions of Linux.', 'start': 442.43, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 452.537, 'text': 'So we have multiple distributions like Ubuntu, CentOS, Red Hat, Debian, Fedora, all these things.', 'start': 446.793, 'duration': 5.744}, {'end': 458.902, 'text': 'So all these things are flavors, a combination of one of the operating systems and the Linux kernel.', 'start': 452.838, 'duration': 6.064}, {'end': 461.003, 'text': "So that's what they are.", 'start': 459.843, 'duration': 1.16}], 'summary': 'Gnu is the os, linux is the kernel, powering various linux distributions.', 'duration': 27.976, 'max_score': 433.027, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN14433027.jpg'}, {'end': 554.697, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 531.258, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 538.764, 'text': 'And when we talk about distributions, the most important and the most famous ones are those of Red Hat, Enterprise, Linux, Fedora, and Debian.', 'start': 531.258, 'duration': 7.506}, {'end': 542.247, 'text': 'Okay, so these three are primarily different companies and enterprises.', 'start': 539.105, 'duration': 3.142}, {'end': 544.689, 'text': 'Well, Debian is basically not one company.', 'start': 542.587, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 552.836, 'text': "It's kind of, you know, let's say a group of developers developing this version of Linux, okay? This version of Linux and the Ubuntu version.", 'start': 544.949, 'duration': 7.887}, {'end': 554.697, 'text': 'So that is what Debian is.', 'start': 553.416, 'duration': 1.281}], 'summary': 'Red hat, fedora, and debian are key linux distributions with debian being developed by a group of developers.', 'duration': 23.439, 'max_score': 531.258, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN14531258.jpg'}, {'end': 673.05, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 645.302, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 647.622, 'text': "something that's really reliable and that's really fast.", 'start': 645.302, 'duration': 2.32}, {'end': 650.863, 'text': 'okay, and Ubuntu is the most popular Linux distribution out there.', 'start': 647.622, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 654.284, 'text': 'okay, and so I read somewhere that Ubuntu is the third most used operating system.', 'start': 650.863, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 656.625, 'text': "Okay, so that's what Ubuntu is all about.", 'start': 654.824, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 662.907, 'text': "Of course it's not as fast as CentOS, but still Ubuntu is a very popular and very handy tool,", 'start': 656.925, 'duration': 5.982}, {'end': 668.829, 'text': 'and Linux Mint is the other distribution which can be used for playing movies and listening to music,', 'start': 662.907, 'duration': 5.922}, {'end': 671.609, 'text': 'because this gives you more of a Windows-like interface.', 'start': 668.829, 'duration': 2.78}, {'end': 673.05, 'text': "so that's what Linux Mint is.", 'start': 671.609, 'duration': 1.441}], 'summary': 'Ubuntu is the third most used operating system, while linux mint offers a windows-like interface for media consumption.', 'duration': 27.748, 'max_score': 645.302, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN14645302.jpg'}, {'end': 790.324, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 761.21, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 765.153, 'text': 'Okay, so, compared to them, how does Linux perform and what are the benefits with Linux?', 'start': 761.21, 'duration': 3.943}, {'end': 771.176, 'text': 'And first of all, we have this feature of the updates being very easy to be performed.', 'start': 765.753, 'duration': 5.423}, {'end': 777.72, 'text': "If you have any software in your operating system or if it's the operating system itself which you wanna update, then it's really easy with Linux.", 'start': 771.416, 'duration': 6.304}, {'end': 780.282, 'text': "It's just gonna be one command that you need to run.", 'start': 778.1, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 783.583, 'text': 'You know, you can run that command from the terminal.', 'start': 781.102, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 785.903, 'text': "okay, for those guys who don't know what a terminal is.", 'start': 783.583, 'duration': 2.32}, {'end': 790.324, 'text': 'so let me just open my Linux version and show you what a terminal is okay.', 'start': 785.903, 'duration': 4.421}], 'summary': 'Linux offers easy updates with one command, accessible from the terminal.', 'duration': 29.114, 'max_score': 761.21, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN14761210.jpg'}, {'end': 1071.619, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1042.778, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 1045.579, 'text': 'And then we have another feature that is multiple distributions.', 'start': 1042.778, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 1048.722, 'text': 'So I spoke about the different distributions in the previous slide.', 'start': 1046, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 1053.906, 'text': 'So the basic distributions are those of Red Hat, Debian, or Fedora.', 'start': 1049.123, 'duration': 4.783}, {'end': 1056.509, 'text': 'So you have various versions of them itself.', 'start': 1054.267, 'duration': 2.242}, {'end': 1063.514, 'text': 'You have different flavors in the Red Hat and you have different ones in the Debian and again Fedora has a lot of other distributions further.', 'start': 1056.549, 'duration': 6.965}, {'end': 1065.256, 'text': 'Many distributions are based on them.', 'start': 1063.674, 'duration': 1.582}, {'end': 1071.619, 'text': "So you have so many options, and if you don't like one of the distributions, then you can work on another distribution right?", 'start': 1066.136, 'duration': 5.483}], 'summary': 'Various distributions like red hat, debian, and fedora offer multiple options and flavors.', 'duration': 28.841, 'max_score': 1042.778, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN141042778.jpg'}], 'start': 51.124, 'title': 'Evolution of linux and unix', 'summary': 'Covers the birth and popularity of linux, various distributions and versions, basic linux commands, file and directory management, user administration, and networking aspects including ssh. it also discusses the birth and growth of unix, from the creation of c programming and unix operating system in 1969 to the commercial sale of unix in the 1970s and the emergence of different unix versions in the 1980s, highlighting the collaborative open source development and the subsequent proliferation of unix dialects. furthermore, it outlines the evolution of linux, from the gnu project to the creation of linux plus gnu, leading to the development of various distributions like red hat, debian, and ubuntu, highlighting key features such as easy updates, free software licensing, access to source code, multiple distributions, and better malware protection.', 'chapters': [{'end': 115.676, 'start': 51.124, 'title': 'Introduction to linux and hands-on demo', 'summary': 'Covers the birth and popularity of linux, various distributions and versions, basic linux commands, file and directory management, user administration, and networking aspects including ssh.', 'duration': 64.552, 'highlights': ['Linux birth and popularity', 'This section covers the birth of Linux and reasons for its popularity.', 'Different distributions and versions', 'The chapter discusses various distributions and versions of Linux.', 'Hands-on demo phases', 'The hands-on demo is divided into phases covering basic Linux commands, files and directories management, user administration, and networking aspects including SSH.']}, {'end': 397.63, 'start': 116.297, 'title': 'Evolution of unix and the rise of linux', 'summary': 'Discusses the birth and growth of unix, from the creation of c programming and unix operating system in 1969 to the commercial sale of unix in the 1970s and the emergence of different unix versions in the 1980s, highlighting the collaborative open source development and the subsequent proliferation of unix dialects.', 'duration': 281.333, 'highlights': ['The birth of Unix and C programming by Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson in 1969 at AT&T Bell Labs, leading to the development of the Unix operating system.', 'The commercial sale of Unix by AT&T and the emergence of different Unix versions like AIX, Sun operating system, HP UX, and others in the 1980s.', 'The collaborative open source development of Unix in the 1970s, where scientists and engineers contributed to the growth of the operating system, leading to commercial sale by AT&T without benefiting the contributors.']}, {'end': 1159.627, 'start': 397.63, 'title': 'Evolution of linux and its distributions', 'summary': 'Outlines the evolution of linux, from the gnu project to the creation of linux plus gnu, leading to the development of various distributions like red hat, debian, and ubuntu, highlighting key features such as easy updates, free software licensing, access to source code, multiple distributions, and better malware protection.', 'duration': 761.997, 'highlights': ['Linux plus GNU led to the development of various distributions like Red Hat, Debian, and Ubuntu.', 'Red Hat, Debian, and Ubuntu are among the most important and popular distributions of Linux.', 'Ubuntu is the third most used operating system and is popular for its user-friendly interface.', 'Linux features include easy updates, free software licensing, access to source code, multiple distributions, and better malware protection.']}], 'duration': 1108.503, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN1451124.jpg', 'highlights': ['The birth of Unix and C programming by Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson in 1969 at AT&T Bell Labs', 'The commercial sale of Unix by AT&T and the emergence of different Unix versions like AIX, Sun operating system, HP UX in the 1980s', 'The collaborative open source development of Unix in the 1970s, leading to commercial sale by AT&T without benefiting the contributors', 'Linux plus GNU led to the development of various distributions like Red Hat, Debian, and Ubuntu', 'Red Hat, Debian, and Ubuntu are among the most important and popular distributions of Linux', 'Ubuntu is the third most used operating system and is popular for its user-friendly interface', 'Linux features include easy updates, free software licensing, access to source code, multiple distributions, and better malware protection', 'The hands-on demo is divided into phases covering basic Linux commands, files and directories management, user administration, and networking aspects including SSH', 'Covers the birth of Linux and reasons for its popularity', 'The chapter discusses various distributions and versions of Linux', 'Different distributions and versions of Linux']}, {'end': 1798.297, 'segs': [{'end': 1231.41, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1202.839, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1212.023, 'text': 'the first part of this hands-on session is gonna be about an introduction to the terminal and the various commands and the basic commands And how to browse through the different directories.', 'start': 1202.839, 'duration': 9.184}, {'end': 1216.384, 'text': 'Okay, so we use commands like PWD clear LS and CD commands Okay.', 'start': 1212.243, 'duration': 4.141}, {'end': 1218.225, 'text': 'Now, let me go to my CentOS.', 'start': 1216.425, 'duration': 1.8}, {'end': 1222.747, 'text': "Okay, in case I forgot to mention it earlier, then, guys, I'm using a VM here.", 'start': 1218.665, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 1231.41, 'text': "Okay, so I'm running my windows operating system on my laptop and I have a virtual box installed and in the virtual box I have instantiated my Linux virtual machine.", 'start': 1222.747, 'duration': 8.663}], 'summary': 'Introduction to terminal commands and browsing directories, using pwd, clear, ls, and cd commands, within a centos vm.', 'duration': 28.571, 'max_score': 1202.839, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN141202839.jpg'}, {'end': 1265.662, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1238.132, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1243.574, 'text': "This is what I'm running in my windows and I have, you know, multiple options so I can choose any VM that I want to.", 'start': 1238.132, 'duration': 5.442}, {'end': 1248.336, 'text': 'So this is the virtual box and all these are the different VMs that we have in my virtual box.', 'start': 1243.714, 'duration': 4.622}, {'end': 1250.997, 'text': "So currently I'm running this VM called master.", 'start': 1248.716, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 1254.598, 'text': "Okay And later on I'll be running on even this VM called slave.", 'start': 1251.277, 'duration': 3.321}, {'end': 1258.339, 'text': "Now, I'll be doing these two for showing you how SSH works.", 'start': 1255.058, 'duration': 3.281}, {'end': 1265.662, 'text': "So I told you in the agenda slide that I'll get two remote machines to access each other, right? So for that purpose, I need these two VMs.", 'start': 1258.739, 'duration': 6.923}], 'summary': 'Running master and slave vms for demonstrating ssh access.', 'duration': 27.53, 'max_score': 1238.132, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN141238132.jpg'}, {'end': 1383.03, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1353.652, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1357.634, 'text': "okay, but in Linux it's a little different from how Windows works.", 'start': 1353.652, 'duration': 3.982}, {'end': 1360.795, 'text': 'in Linux we have something called as the root directory.', 'start': 1357.634, 'duration': 3.161}, {'end': 1363.476, 'text': 'okay, so We have file system here, right.', 'start': 1360.795, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 1369.02, 'text': 'so basically, whatever Folders or documents or directories you have, everything can be accessed from the file system.', 'start': 1363.476, 'duration': 5.544}, {'end': 1372.863, 'text': 'when I clicked on file system Then, you would have noticed that I got a forward slasher.', 'start': 1369.02, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 1375.585, 'text': 'Okay, so this forward slash basically means root.', 'start': 1372.943, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 1379.247, 'text': "Okay, this means I'm in the root directory and in the root directory.", 'start': 1375.585, 'duration': 3.662}, {'end': 1383.03, 'text': 'every document and every folder is present in this root directory.', 'start': 1379.247, 'duration': 3.783}], 'summary': 'In linux, the root directory contains all folders and documents, accessible through the file system.', 'duration': 29.378, 'max_score': 1353.652, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN141353652.jpg'}, {'end': 1601.823, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1562.088, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1563.969, 'text': 'I had to go through multiple directories.', 'start': 1562.088, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 1567.172, 'text': "So through the GUI, that's one kind of drawback.", 'start': 1564.31, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 1569.294, 'text': "You'll have to spend a lot of time navigating.", 'start': 1567.313, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 1572.197, 'text': "But with the CLI, it's easier.", 'start': 1569.675, 'duration': 2.522}, {'end': 1575.1, 'text': "It's just one command and you can access the directory that you want to.", 'start': 1572.417, 'duration': 2.683}, {'end': 1577.282, 'text': "That's the advantage with the CLI.", 'start': 1575.7, 'duration': 1.582}, {'end': 1580.424, 'text': "And this is just one basic example that I'm giving you.", 'start': 1577.942, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 1585.669, 'text': 'There are many more advanced concepts and topics which is not very easy to perform with the help of a GUI.', 'start': 1580.905, 'duration': 4.764}, {'end': 1589.152, 'text': 'So in those places, you can just use the CLI to perform those tasks.', 'start': 1585.689, 'duration': 3.463}, {'end': 1592.155, 'text': 'And the CLI is also much faster in quite a few ways.', 'start': 1589.592, 'duration': 2.563}, {'end': 1594.777, 'text': "So that's the advantage with the CLI.", 'start': 1593.075, 'duration': 1.702}, {'end': 1599.061, 'text': 'And running the commands, basically the first and foremost, you have the PWD.', 'start': 1594.857, 'duration': 4.204}, {'end': 1601.823, 'text': 'Now this stands for Print Working Directory.', 'start': 1599.681, 'duration': 2.142}], 'summary': 'Cli offers faster navigation and better performance than gui for accessing directories and running commands.', 'duration': 39.735, 'max_score': 1562.088, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN141562088.jpg'}, {'end': 1753.551, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1722.502, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1724.423, 'text': "Okay, when I do this, I'm inside this folder.", 'start': 1722.502, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 1730.644, 'text': 'Okay, now if I put ls, then I have the list of the folders or documents that are present in this lms folder.', 'start': 1724.703, 'duration': 5.941}, {'end': 1736.045, 'text': 'Okay, so ls is basically the command to list down the folders or files in that directory.', 'start': 1731.124, 'duration': 4.921}, {'end': 1742.286, 'text': 'And yeah, cd space the file name or the directory name would move you to that particular directory.', 'start': 1736.705, 'duration': 5.581}, {'end': 1746.347, 'text': 'Now, that is the same thing that I have discussed in this slide here also.', 'start': 1742.666, 'duration': 3.681}, {'end': 1753.551, 'text': 'Okay, so I spoke about the present working directory, which displays the current directory that your terminal is in,', 'start': 1746.707, 'duration': 6.844}], 'summary': 'Using commands ls and cd to navigate folders in terminal.', 'duration': 31.049, 'max_score': 1722.502, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN141722502.jpg'}], 'start': 1160.373, 'title': 'Linux features and cli usage', 'summary': 'Introduces linux features, including centos and ubuntu, hierarchical file system structure, basic commands, and directory browsing. it also covers the advantages of using cli in linux, emphasizing faster performance and specific commands like pwd, cd, and ls.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1494.905, 'start': 1160.373, 'title': 'Introduction to linux features and commands', 'summary': 'Covers an introduction to linux features, including an overview of centos and ubuntu operating systems, and explains the hierarchical file system structure, emphasizing the differences between windows and linux, along with the basic commands and directory browsing. it also demonstrates the use of virtual machines for ssh access and showcases the file organization and location within the linux file system.', 'duration': 334.532, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers an introduction to Linux features, including an overview of CentOS and Ubuntu operating systems', 'Explains the hierarchical file system structure, emphasizing the differences between Windows and Linux', 'Basic commands and directory browsing demonstrated, including PWD, clear, LS, and CD commands', 'Use of virtual machines for SSH access and showcasing the file organization and location within the Linux file system']}, {'end': 1798.297, 'start': 1494.905, 'title': 'Using command line interface in linux', 'summary': 'Explains the advantages of using the command line interface (cli) in linux, highlighting its ease of accessing directories, faster performance, and specific commands such as pwd, cd, and ls.', 'duration': 303.392, 'highlights': ['The CLI is easier for accessing directories compared to GUI, as it requires just one command for access, leading to faster performance and efficiency.', 'The PWD command displays the current working directory of the terminal, enhancing navigation within the system.', 'The CD command allows moving to different directories within the system, improving flexibility and efficiency in navigation.', 'The LS command lists down the different folders and files present in a directory, aiding in viewing the contents of a specific location.', 'The CLI provides faster performance and efficiency, making it advantageous for tasks that cannot be easily performed with the GUI.']}], 'duration': 637.924, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN141160373.jpg', 'highlights': ['The CLI provides faster performance and efficiency, making it advantageous for tasks that cannot be easily performed with the GUI.', 'Use of virtual machines for SSH access and showcasing the file organization and location within the Linux file system', 'The CD command allows moving to different directories within the system, improving flexibility and efficiency in navigation.', 'The LS command lists down the different folders and files present in a directory, aiding in viewing the contents of a specific location.', 'The PWD command displays the current working directory of the terminal, enhancing navigation within the system.', 'Explains the hierarchical file system structure, emphasizing the differences between Windows and Linux', 'The chapter covers an introduction to Linux features, including an overview of CentOS and Ubuntu operating systems', 'The chapter covers an introduction to Linux features, including an overview of CentOS and Ubuntu operating systems', 'Basic commands and directory browsing demonstrated, including PWD, clear, LS, and CD commands']}, {'end': 3047.797, 'segs': [{'end': 1879.391, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1837.73, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1839.31, 'text': "So that's what we call it right dot.", 'start': 1837.73, 'duration': 1.58}, {'end': 1844.672, 'text': 'So if you have two dots after CD, this means you want to navigate to the previous directory.', 'start': 1839.31, 'duration': 5.362}, {'end': 1851.435, 'text': 'So we are currently in the LMS and when I give enter and back to the desktop folder, right the desktop directory, now again,', 'start': 1844.672, 'duration': 6.763}, {'end': 1854.677, 'text': 'If I give the same command again, then from a desktop.', 'start': 1851.435, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 1859.142, 'text': 'I need to go back to this edureka directory, correct, and So there we go.', 'start': 1854.797, 'duration': 4.345}, {'end': 1862.943, 'text': 'tilde symbol here it represents that we are in the home directory.', 'start': 1859.142, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 1869.666, 'text': 'okay?. So the home directory is basically, I can also access the home directory by just giving a CD and enter.', 'start': 1862.943, 'duration': 6.723}, {'end': 1871.927, 'text': 'okay? That I can do it from any other directory.', 'start': 1869.666, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 1876.83, 'text': "So let's say I'm just doing an LS and I'm changing directory to downloads.", 'start': 1872.048, 'duration': 4.782}, {'end': 1879.391, 'text': 'okay?. D-O-W-N-L-O-A-D-S, okay?', 'start': 1876.83, 'duration': 2.561}], 'summary': 'Explanation of navigation using cd and tilde symbol in directories.', 'duration': 41.661, 'max_score': 1837.73, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN141837730.jpg'}, {'end': 2038.316, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2016.05, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 2024.673, 'text': "So what I'm going to show you is by clicking on a CD and space and then, if I just type three or four characters of desk, okay,", 'start': 2016.05, 'duration': 8.623}, {'end': 2027.573, 'text': "I want to go to this directory, but I've just typed the escape.", 'start': 2024.673, 'duration': 2.9}, {'end': 2033.835, 'text': 'Okay Now if I click on tab, Then the remaining characters of that particular option is already filled.', 'start': 2027.714, 'duration': 6.121}, {'end': 2034.995, 'text': 'Okay, it gets auto filled.', 'start': 2034.035, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 2036.696, 'text': 'So that is what the tab would do.', 'start': 2034.995, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 2038.316, 'text': 'by clicking on, tab will get out of it.', 'start': 2036.696, 'duration': 1.62}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating auto-filling by using tab key in directory navigation.', 'duration': 22.266, 'max_score': 2016.05, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN142016050.jpg'}, {'end': 2276.405, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2244.563, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 2248.185, 'text': 'Echo command is something that writes its arguments to standard output.', 'start': 2244.563, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 2251.287, 'text': 'So when we say arguments it means whatever we type.', 'start': 2248.365, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 2255.429, 'text': "after echo we'll type echo space and followed by that whatever we write.", 'start': 2251.287, 'duration': 4.142}, {'end': 2257.49, 'text': 'so that will be specified to standard output.', 'start': 2255.429, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 2262.293, 'text': "And when we say standard output, it is the output that'll be displayed by the CLI.", 'start': 2257.831, 'duration': 4.462}, {'end': 2266.135, 'text': "So in your terminal, whatever output you get, so we'll get specified to that particular standard output.", 'start': 2262.593, 'duration': 3.542}, {'end': 2268.097, 'text': 'Okay, now let me show you a practical example.', 'start': 2266.356, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 2276.405, 'text': "Only then you will be able to understand that so let's just clear the screen So another shortcut to clear the screen is ctrl L.", 'start': 2268.777, 'duration': 7.628}], 'summary': 'Echo command writes arguments to standard output, displayed in the cli.', 'duration': 31.842, 'max_score': 2244.563, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN142244563.jpg'}, {'end': 2372.055, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2328.005, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2329.166, 'text': "So that's what comes here.", 'start': 2328.005, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 2330.327, 'text': 'So this is one thing.', 'start': 2329.566, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 2333.29, 'text': "And in fact, there's another functionality also.", 'start': 2330.808, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 2336.51, 'text': 'Now you are all aware of the concept of variables, right?', 'start': 2333.809, 'duration': 2.701}, {'end': 2341.652, 'text': 'So we can assign some kind of value to a variable and we can also print that with the help of the echo command.', 'start': 2336.53, 'duration': 5.122}, {'end': 2348.911, 'text': "Now, let's say that we have a variable x, okay, and let's give it a value 100.", 'start': 2342.252, 'duration': 6.659}, {'end': 2358.141, 'text': 'okay. so now, if I just say echo dollar X, then the value that is stored in this variable right that we printed.', 'start': 2348.911, 'duration': 9.23}, {'end': 2365.728, 'text': "because echo something that's just gonna print the argument to standard output, okay, it will display the value that is present over here.", 'start': 2358.141, 'duration': 7.587}, {'end': 2372.055, 'text': "so if it's just a string, then that will be printed, and if it's a variable that I'm specifying, Then even that be printed.", 'start': 2365.728, 'duration': 6.327}], 'summary': 'Introduction to variables and printing values in php.', 'duration': 44.05, 'max_score': 2328.005, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN142328005.jpg'}, {'end': 2462.174, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2429.896, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2434.18, 'text': 'so As it says su, it is used to switch to the root user.', 'start': 2429.896, 'duration': 4.284}, {'end': 2439.944, 'text': 'Okay, so that use super user permissions can be used to execute commands, all right.', 'start': 2434.18, 'duration': 5.764}, {'end': 2448.871, 'text': 'And then you have su username used to switch to a different user and then you have pseudo command which executes only that particular command with the root or super user privileges.', 'start': 2439.944, 'duration': 8.927}, {'end': 2450.225, 'text': 'and Now what these three?', 'start': 2448.871, 'duration': 1.354}, {'end': 2452.907, 'text': 'what they essentially mean is that you get more permissions.', 'start': 2450.225, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 2462.174, 'text': 'So if I go back to my terminal, so if you guys remember then I logged in to send us with the Edureka user, right? So that is displayed here also.', 'start': 2453.487, 'duration': 8.687}], 'summary': "Using 'su', 'sudo', and 'su username' grants more permissions in terminal.", 'duration': 32.278, 'max_score': 2429.896, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN142429896.jpg'}, {'end': 2665.071, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2637.423, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 2643.41, 'text': 'Okay, so similarly so, earlier I excluded the SU command and I give a password for that.', 'start': 2637.423, 'duration': 5.987}, {'end': 2649.457, 'text': 'the difference between the two is that with the help of pseudo, then only that particular command will be executed as a root user,', 'start': 2643.41, 'duration': 6.047}, {'end': 2657.166, 'text': 'but whereas with SU, then the entire set of commands after that will be executed as the root user, as you will be logged in as a root user itself.', 'start': 2649.457, 'duration': 7.709}, {'end': 2659.027, 'text': 'So let me just show it to you again.', 'start': 2657.706, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 2665.071, 'text': 'So this was the LS command, which I executed as a pseudo user, as a pseudo user or as a root user.', 'start': 2659.367, 'duration': 5.704}], 'summary': 'Pseudo allows executing specific command as root user, unlike su for entire set of commands.', 'duration': 27.648, 'max_score': 2637.423, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN142637423.jpg'}, {'end': 2910.297, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2880.991, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2884.533, 'text': 'We refer to them as L flag or a flag or author flag all these things.', 'start': 2880.991, 'duration': 3.542}, {'end': 2893.698, 'text': 'Okay, Now, if you give the L flag, what happens is it lists down all the contents, similar to just giving LS, but along with its owner settings,', 'start': 2885.073, 'duration': 8.625}, {'end': 2895.379, 'text': 'its permissions and the timestamp.', 'start': 2893.698, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 2901.743, 'text': 'So when we say owner settings permissions and timestamp it is with respect to the particular folder inside that directory.', 'start': 2895.599, 'duration': 6.144}, {'end': 2903.875, 'text': 'So let me show you an example of that.', 'start': 2902.395, 'duration': 1.48}, {'end': 2910.297, 'text': 'So by giving ls, you have all the different folders that are present in this root directory.', 'start': 2904.476, 'duration': 5.821}], 'summary': 'Using the l flag with ls lists contents with owner details.', 'duration': 29.306, 'max_score': 2880.991, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN142880991.jpg'}, {'end': 2996.104, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2966.695, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2970.576, 'text': 'it should ideally show you the list of all the hidden contents in the specified directory.', 'start': 2966.695, 'duration': 3.881}, {'end': 2977.817, 'text': "okay, and then, if it's if you're using the author flag, then you list down all the contacts in that directory along with its owner, correct.", 'start': 2970.576, 'duration': 7.241}, {'end': 2981.678, 'text': "so let's try executing LS hyphen a first.", 'start': 2977.817, 'duration': 3.861}, {'end': 2985.179, 'text': 'so when we give a, all the hidden directories also should be displayed.', 'start': 2981.678, 'duration': 3.501}, {'end': 2991.042, 'text': 'So, as you can see, these were the other folders which were not visible when I gave just LS,', 'start': 2985.859, 'duration': 5.183}, {'end': 2996.104, 'text': 'because LS just shows the list of contents that are available in the GUI, right?', 'start': 2991.042, 'duration': 5.062}], 'summary': 'The ls -a command displays all hidden directories and contacts, not visible with ls command.', 'duration': 29.409, 'max_score': 2966.695, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN142966695.jpg'}], 'start': 1798.297, 'title': 'Basic unix commands', 'summary': 'Covers navigating directories with the cd command, introduction to the echo command and variables, using su and sudo commands, and unix ls command basics, providing practical examples and emphasizing efficient navigation, standard output, and command execution with root privileges.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1899.272, 'start': 1798.297, 'title': 'Navigating directories with cd command', 'summary': "Explains how to navigate directories using the cd command, including moving to the previous directory using 'cd ..' and accessing the home directory using the tilde symbol. it also covers the importance of providing the exact directory name when using the cd command.", 'duration': 100.975, 'highlights': ["The CD command allows navigation to the previous directory by using 'CD ..', enabling seamless movement within the terminal.", 'Accessing the home directory is simplified by using the tilde symbol, representing the user’s home directory and allowing quick access from any other directory.', 'Emphasizing the importance of providing the exact directory name when using the CD command to ensure successful navigation, as an incomplete name may not work as expected.']}, {'end': 2195.935, 'start': 1899.772, 'title': 'Navigating directories with cd command', 'summary': 'Explains how to use the cd command to navigate directories efficiently, including using tab for auto-filling and executing commands with a single path input, simplifying the process and eliminating the need for multiple commands.', 'duration': 296.163, 'highlights': ['Using the CD command allows for efficient navigation by inputting a single path, eliminating the need for multiple CD and LS commands, reducing complexity and time consumption.', 'Demonstrates the use of tab for auto-filling directory names, simplifying the process and reducing the need for manual typing, improving efficiency.', 'Explains the benefit of using CLI and terminal over GUI for simplifying tasks, reducing the need for multiple commands and enhancing efficiency and simplicity.']}, {'end': 2408.586, 'start': 2195.935, 'title': 'Introduction to echo command and variables', 'summary': 'Introduces the concept of the echo command, which writes its arguments to standard output, and demonstrates the functionality of the echo command with practical examples, including displaying text and variables, emphasizing the distinction between strings and variables, and explaining standard output.', 'duration': 212.651, 'highlights': ["The echo command writes its arguments to standard output, displaying the specified text or variable values, such as 'echo hi' producing the output 'hi', and 'echo dollar X' displaying the value stored in the variable X, emphasizing the distinction between strings and variables by demonstrating how 'echo X' prints 'X' without the dollar sign.", "The concept of variables is introduced, where values can be assigned to variables and printed using the echo command, such as assigning the value 100 to a variable X and displaying it with 'echo dollar X'.", 'Explanation of standard output and its role in displaying the output of commands, clarifying that whatever is specified as arguments to the echo command is printed to standard output, which is the output displayed by the CLI.']}, {'end': 2735.938, 'start': 2408.586, 'title': 'Using su and sudo commands', 'summary': 'Explains the su and sudo commands, highlighting the differences and use cases, including switching to root user, executing commands with root privileges, and using pseudo for specific command execution.', 'duration': 327.352, 'highlights': ['The SU command allows switching to the root user, granting super user permissions and executing commands with ultimate privileges.', 'Explaining the significance of the root user, with the ability to access folders and execute commands with ultimate privileges.', 'Differentiating between the SU and SUDO commands, highlighting how SUDO allows execution of specific commands as root user, while SU switches the user entirely to root, enabling execution of multiple commands with root privileges.']}, {'end': 3047.797, 'start': 2735.938, 'title': 'Unix ls command basics', 'summary': 'Explains the basics of unix ls command, including its usage, options, and flags, such as ls, ls path, ls -l, ls -a, and ls author, highlighting their functionalities and outputs.', 'duration': 311.859, 'highlights': ['The LS command stands for listing all the contents in the current working directory, displaying the directories and files present, with LS path allowing the listing of contents in a specific directory.', 'Using the LS -l flag provides detailed information about the directories and files, including owner settings, permissions, and timestamps, enhancing the output of the LS command.', 'The LS -a flag reveals all the hidden directories and files in the specified directory, providing access to items not visible through the regular LS command or graphical user interface.', 'When using the author flag with LS, the author of each document or file is displayed along with other details, offering insights into the ownership and creation information of the listed contents.']}], 'duration': 1249.5, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN141798297.jpg', 'highlights': ["The CD command allows navigation to the previous directory by using 'CD ..', enabling seamless movement within the terminal.", 'The SU command allows switching to the root user, granting super user permissions and executing commands with ultimate privileges.', 'Using the LS -a flag reveals all the hidden directories and files in the specified directory, providing access to items not visible through the regular LS command or graphical user interface.', "The echo command writes its arguments to standard output, displaying the specified text or variable values, such as 'echo hi' producing the output 'hi', and 'echo dollar X' displaying the value stored in the variable X, emphasizing the distinction between strings and variables by demonstrating how 'echo X' prints 'X' without the dollar sign.", 'Using the LS -l flag provides detailed information about the directories and files, including owner settings, permissions, and timestamps, enhancing the output of the LS command.', 'Accessing the home directory is simplified by using the tilde symbol, representing the user’s home directory and allowing quick access from any other directory.', 'Differentiating between the SU and SUDO commands, highlighting how SUDO allows execution of specific commands as root user, while SU switches the user entirely to root, enabling execution of multiple commands with root privileges.', 'Demonstrates the use of tab for auto-filling directory names, simplifying the process and reducing the need for manual typing, improving efficiency.', "The concept of variables is introduced, where values can be assigned to variables and printed using the echo command, such as assigning the value 100 to a variable X and displaying it with 'echo dollar X'.", 'Explanation of standard output and its role in displaying the output of commands, clarifying that whatever is specified as arguments to the echo command is printed to standard output, which is the output displayed by the CLI.']}, {'end': 3895.866, 'segs': [{'end': 3079.519, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3047.877, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3049.658, 'text': "So that's what LS does, okay?", 'start': 3047.877, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 3058.363, 'text': 'So, guys, that is about the author flag, and in case we want to use a combination of these flags, then even that is possible.', 'start': 3050.359, 'duration': 8.004}, {'end': 3064.325, 'text': 'So I showed you earlier that there is this ls minus l flag and then there is ls minus a flag, right?', 'start': 3058.823, 'duration': 5.502}, {'end': 3068.587, 'text': 'So minus a displays all the hidden contents in that directory.', 'start': 3064.725, 'duration': 3.862}, {'end': 3070.228, 'text': 'So let me use a combination of them.', 'start': 3068.607, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 3074.277, 'text': 'So let me say ls-l and a.', 'start': 3070.936, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 3079.519, 'text': "Since there are two flags which I wanna use, then I'm just gonna use one hyphen symbol for two different flags.", 'start': 3074.277, 'duration': 5.242}], 'summary': 'Demonstration of using ls commands with multiple flags', 'duration': 31.642, 'max_score': 3047.877, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN143047877.jpg'}, {'end': 3158.118, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3133.225, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3141.752, 'text': 'But since I ran ls-la and capital S, this has sorted the result as per the size of the blocks, of the folders.', 'start': 3133.225, 'duration': 8.527}, {'end': 3145.893, 'text': 'The folder with the highest size is displayed first, and the one with the lowest is displayed last.', 'start': 3142.392, 'duration': 3.501}, {'end': 3148.534, 'text': 'So that is about the ls-s.', 'start': 3146.293, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 3153.896, 'text': 'So there is one more command that I wanna show you, which can be executed with the help of the ls command.', 'start': 3148.894, 'duration': 5.002}, {'end': 3158.118, 'text': 'okay?. We executed the ls-la and s flags right?', 'start': 3153.896, 'duration': 4.222}], 'summary': 'Using ls -s sorts folders by size, showing largest first and smallest last.', 'duration': 24.893, 'max_score': 3133.225, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN143133225.jpg'}, {'end': 3307.668, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3281.154, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3287.059, 'text': 'Now that is because I used this direction symbol, nothing but the greater than symbol.', 'start': 3281.154, 'duration': 5.905}, {'end': 3294.224, 'text': 'and when I do this, whatever result that gets generated from this command, right from these options on these flags,', 'start': 3287.739, 'duration': 6.485}, {'end': 3298.207, 'text': 'those will be stored in a new file and the file name needs to be specified over here.', 'start': 3294.224, 'duration': 3.983}, {'end': 3302.73, 'text': 'Okay, so that was the wrong command that I used.', 'start': 3301.349, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 3304.765, 'text': "It's not LS.", 'start': 3303.203, 'duration': 1.562}, {'end': 3307.668, 'text': 'What I need to do is let me just view that file.', 'start': 3305.165, 'duration': 2.503}], 'summary': 'Using the greater than symbol, results are stored in a new file. file name must be specified. command used was incorrect.', 'duration': 26.514, 'max_score': 3281.154, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN143281154.jpg'}, {'end': 3473.925, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3450.854, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3458.496, 'text': 'And in the previous slide I showed you the basic commands with respect to present working directory and clear directory and the sudo and the echo commands.', 'start': 3450.854, 'duration': 7.642}, {'end': 3460.577, 'text': "So I've done with ls also.", 'start': 3458.996, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 3464.839, 'text': "And now I'm going to show you how to work with the CD directory.", 'start': 3461.117, 'duration': 3.722}, {'end': 3466.94, 'text': 'so some of the CD directories I showed you earlier.', 'start': 3464.839, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 3469.842, 'text': 'also, I showed you how to switch to a new directory.', 'start': 3466.94, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 3473.925, 'text': 'so when you type CD it will just change the directory to the home directory.', 'start': 3469.842, 'duration': 4.083}], 'summary': 'Presentation covered basic commands for working with directories, including ls and cd.', 'duration': 23.071, 'max_score': 3450.854, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN143450854.jpg'}], 'start': 3047.877, 'title': 'Using ls command flags and storing command output in a file', 'summary': 'Explains the usage of ls command flags such as ls -l and ls -a, and ls -s for sorting directories by size. it also demonstrates how to store command outputs in a file using the greater than symbol, with examples of storing outputs in different directories and navigating through directories using the cd command in a linux environment.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3158.118, 'start': 3047.877, 'title': 'Using ls command flags', 'summary': 'Explains the usage of ls command flags including ls -l and ls -a in combination, as well as the ls -s flag for sorting directories by size.', 'duration': 110.241, 'highlights': ['The ls -l and ls -a flags can be used in combination to display hidden contents in extended long format.', 'Using ls -S flag will sort the list of directories by size, with the largest size displayed first and the smallest size displayed last.', 'The ls -S flag sorted the result as per the size of the blocks, with the folder with the highest size displayed first and the one with the lowest size displayed last.']}, {'end': 3895.866, 'start': 3158.918, 'title': 'Storing command output in a file', 'summary': 'Explains how to use the greater than symbol to store command outputs in a file, demonstrating examples of storing outputs in different directories and navigating through directories using the cd command in a linux environment.', 'duration': 736.948, 'highlights': ['Using the greater than symbol to store command outputs in a file', 'Demonstrating the navigation through directories using the CD command in a Linux environment']}], 'duration': 847.989, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN143047877.jpg', 'highlights': ['Using ls -S flag will sort the list of directories by size, with the largest size displayed first and the smallest size displayed last.', 'The ls -l and ls -a flags can be used in combination to display hidden contents in extended long format.', 'Using the greater than symbol to store command outputs in a file', 'The ls -S flag sorted the result as per the size of the blocks, with the folder with the highest size displayed first and the one with the lowest size displayed last.', 'Demonstrating the navigation through directories using the CD command in a Linux environment']}, {'end': 5256.422, 'segs': [{'end': 3981.201, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3947.854, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3953.199, 'text': "So let's first go to the next slide and start off with cat command.", 'start': 3947.854, 'duration': 5.345}, {'end': 3960.302, 'text': "So when would we use the cat command? Guys, so it's pretty obvious right from what it's written here.", 'start': 3954.581, 'duration': 5.721}, {'end': 3963.643, 'text': "It says when you're working with files, that time you can use the cat command.", 'start': 3960.622, 'duration': 3.021}, {'end': 3972.066, 'text': 'So the cat command, it is basically used to display the content of the text files and concatenate several files into one.', 'start': 3964.343, 'duration': 7.723}, {'end': 3981.201, 'text': 'So what this means is if I have a particular I have a text file, so earlier we created one text file having all the file permissions.', 'start': 3972.826, 'duration': 8.375}], 'summary': 'The cat command displays text file content and concatenates multiple files together.', 'duration': 33.347, 'max_score': 3947.854, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN143947854.jpg'}, {'end': 4354.573, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 4255.465, 'weight': 0.848, 'content': [{'end': 4265.913, 'text': "So if you give file1.txt and followed by this, if you give file2.txt, then what's gonna happen is, whatever contents are there in file one,", 'start': 4255.465, 'duration': 10.448}, {'end': 4269.595, 'text': 'those will get appended or concatenated to this file.', 'start': 4265.913, 'duration': 3.682}, {'end': 4270.616, 'text': 'two dot txt.', 'start': 4269.595, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 4277.98, 'text': 'Okay? So in my file two dot txt, we have these two lines, okay? Hi, my name is Varadhan and welcome to Linux tutorial by Edureka.', 'start': 4271.196, 'duration': 6.784}, {'end': 4280.881, 'text': 'And file one has these three lines.', 'start': 4278.54, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 4287.483, 'text': 'So basically when I enter now, There will be a file 2 in which there will be extra lines.', 'start': 4281.482, 'duration': 6.001}, {'end': 4291.686, 'text': 'Okay, so let me do a cat file 2 dot txt.', 'start': 4288.003, 'duration': 3.683}, {'end': 4298.893, 'text': 'So, as you can see, initially, when I ran my cat file 2 dot txt over here, I had only these two lines right?', 'start': 4291.686, 'duration': 7.207}, {'end': 4307.46, 'text': 'But now, after using the bi-directional symbol okay, the direction symbol, what has happened is I have three extra lines.', 'start': 4299.533, 'duration': 7.927}, {'end': 4309.001, 'text': 'So it says hi, my name is Vardhan.', 'start': 4307.46, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 4311.263, 'text': 'Welcome to Linux tutorial by Rebecca after that.', 'start': 4309.041, 'duration': 2.222}, {'end': 4315.1, 'text': 'I have the permissions which was present in the previous file.', 'start': 4311.323, 'duration': 3.777}, {'end': 4318.54, 'text': "Okay, so that's what happens here.", 'start': 4315.7, 'duration': 2.84}, {'end': 4320.941, 'text': "Okay, in fact, it's actually four other lines.", 'start': 4319.44, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 4322.901, 'text': 'Thanks for pointing that out, Hemant.', 'start': 4321.341, 'duration': 1.56}, {'end': 4327.942, 'text': "So Hemant, you know, who's another person in our section, he said that there are four lines in the 501.txt.", 'start': 4323.221, 'duration': 4.721}, {'end': 4329.103, 'text': "Actually, he's correct.", 'start': 4328.462, 'duration': 0.641}, {'end': 4333.824, 'text': 'So total eight, so this is the first line, and these are the other three lines.', 'start': 4329.403, 'duration': 4.421}, {'end': 4339.96, 'text': 'So you can also see that from So the first time, when I ran cat file1.txt.', 'start': 4334.244, 'duration': 5.716}, {'end': 4343.803, 'text': 'right, I first got total 8, this was the first line, and after that I got the permissions.', 'start': 4339.96, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 4347.407, 'text': 'So this is the first line and then you have the list of the other contents.', 'start': 4344.164, 'duration': 3.243}, {'end': 4354.573, 'text': 'So when we ran the ls-l, the total number of entries were 8, so that was what the total 8 stands for.', 'start': 4347.947, 'duration': 6.626}], 'summary': 'Appending file1.txt to file2.txt resulted in 8 total lines in file2.txt.', 'duration': 99.108, 'max_score': 4255.465, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN144255465.jpg'}, {'end': 4406.651, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4375.329, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4379.893, 'text': 'so these are the advantages with the cat command and Alright.', 'start': 4375.329, 'duration': 4.564}, {'end': 4384.697, 'text': "so what I'm gonna do now is let me go back to my slides and show you some more options.", 'start': 4379.893, 'duration': 4.804}, {'end': 4389.701, 'text': 'Okay, so we have flags like we have the B flag, the n flag, s flag and e flag.', 'start': 4384.697, 'duration': 5.004}, {'end': 4391.762, 'text': "Let's see what each of those stand for.", 'start': 4389.701, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 4397.347, 'text': "okay, so when we use the B flag, It's gonna add line numbers to the non blank lines.", 'start': 4391.762, 'duration': 5.585}, {'end': 4399.408, 'text': 'okay, so whichever line there is some text.', 'start': 4397.347, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 4406.651, 'text': 'so those lines are gonna be numbered and Okay, and when you say minus n, then it is used to add line numbers to all lines.', 'start': 4399.408, 'duration': 7.243}], 'summary': "The 'cat' command has advantages like adding line numbers to non-blank and all lines.", 'duration': 31.322, 'max_score': 4375.329, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN144375329.jpg'}, {'end': 4456.496, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4431.277, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4437.82, 'text': "So, first of all, let's see the cat file 2.txt, and let me use the flag minus n.", 'start': 4431.277, 'duration': 6.543}, {'end': 4445.704, 'text': 'So this will list the number of lines, right? So there are basically four lines from file one and these were the two lines that were earlier present.', 'start': 4437.82, 'duration': 7.884}, {'end': 4447.485, 'text': 'So these are the six lines in total.', 'start': 4445.724, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 4450.629, 'text': 'We have in this file to dot txt.', 'start': 4448.045, 'duration': 2.584}, {'end': 4455.195, 'text': "ok, let me just clear the screen because it's a little tough to see everything right.", 'start': 4450.629, 'duration': 4.566}, {'end': 4456.496, 'text': 'so yeah.', 'start': 4455.195, 'duration': 1.301}], 'summary': 'File 2.txt contains 6 lines, including 4 new lines.', 'duration': 25.219, 'max_score': 4431.277, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN144431277.jpg'}, {'end': 4765.286, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4739.797, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4745.139, 'text': 'and the drip command is basically used to search for a particular string or a word in a text file.', 'start': 4739.797, 'duration': 5.342}, {'end': 4751.381, 'text': 'right, we have a file document like the one which we created now, like, we have two documents like file one dot txt and file two dot txt.', 'start': 4745.139, 'duration': 6.242}, {'end': 4755.062, 'text': 'and what if you want to search for a particular string right or a particular word?', 'start': 4751.381, 'duration': 3.681}, {'end': 4758.604, 'text': "So in this case it's pretty simple because you can easily find them.", 'start': 4755.402, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 4765.286, 'text': 'but what if you want to do it to a very big file document which has millions of lines right?', 'start': 4758.604, 'duration': 6.682}], 'summary': 'The drip command searches for strings in text files, including large ones.', 'duration': 25.489, 'max_score': 4739.797, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN144739797.jpg'}, {'end': 4872.466, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4797.056, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4803.122, 'text': 'so similarly, if you use the I flag, then it will return the results for even case insensitive strings.', 'start': 4797.056, 'duration': 6.066}, {'end': 4807.846, 'text': "so basically, if you do not use the I flag, then it is it's case sensitive, right.", 'start': 4803.122, 'duration': 4.724}, {'end': 4810.809, 'text': 'so it will only search for options with these letters.', 'start': 4807.846, 'duration': 2.963}, {'end': 4815.153, 'text': 'but if there is a word called options with a capital O, where the first letter is capitalized,', 'start': 4810.809, 'duration': 4.344}, {'end': 4821.115, 'text': 'Then in that case only when you use i will even that particular result be shown.', 'start': 4815.794, 'duration': 5.321}, {'end': 4823.355, 'text': 'Okay, so that is the advantage with the i flag.', 'start': 4821.435, 'duration': 1.92}, {'end': 4830.717, 'text': 'And then you have the n flag, which is the grep hyphen n, which will again return the matching strings along with that line number.', 'start': 4823.796, 'duration': 6.921}, {'end': 4833.377, 'text': 'in which line was that string or that word found?', 'start': 4830.717, 'duration': 2.66}, {'end': 4834.678, 'text': "So that's what n does.", 'start': 4833.737, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 4842.239, 'text': 'And when you give minus v flag, then what happens is you will not be shown the list of lines where the results were present.', 'start': 4835.258, 'duration': 6.981}, {'end': 4849.127, 'text': 'but instead you will be shown the list of lines where the results were not found, where there was no matching string right?', 'start': 4842.859, 'duration': 6.268}, {'end': 4851.229, 'text': 'So those lines will be printed with the help of V flag.', 'start': 4849.147, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 4856.635, 'text': 'And then with the C flag, it returns the number of lines in which the results matched the search string.', 'start': 4851.63, 'duration': 5.005}, {'end': 4859.499, 'text': 'So, supposing you have like four words, okay?', 'start': 4857.216, 'duration': 2.283}, {'end': 4864.141, 'text': 'You have a big document and your word, your string, matched four times.', 'start': 4859.819, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 4869.684, 'text': 'Then, if you use the minus C flag, then it will display the number four instead of for displaying the search string.', 'start': 4864.141, 'duration': 5.543}, {'end': 4872.466, 'text': 'Okay, so let me go to the VM.', 'start': 4869.684, 'duration': 2.782}], 'summary': 'Using flags like i, n, v, and c in grep provides case insensitivity, line numbers, non-matching lines, and matching count.', 'duration': 75.41, 'max_score': 4797.056, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN144797056.jpg'}], 'start': 3896.867, 'title': 'Understanding cat and grep commands in linux', 'summary': 'Covers the usage of the cat command in linux, including displaying the content of text files, concatenating multiple files, and appending content to a file. it also covers the usage of cat command flags including -n, -b, -s, and -e. additionally, it introduces the grep command in linux used to search for a particular string or word in a text file, explaining its format, options, and functionalities including case-insensitive search, displaying line numbers, showing non-matching lines, and counting matching lines, with insights into the number of occurrences and case sensitivity.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4430.716, 'start': 3896.867, 'title': 'Understanding cat command in linux', 'summary': 'Covers the usage of the cat command in linux, including displaying the content of text files, concatenating multiple files, and appending content to a file, with examples and explanations of the available flags and their functions.', 'duration': 533.849, 'highlights': ['The cat command is used to display the content of text files and concatenate several files into one, allowing the display of multiple file contents in the terminal.', 'Demonstration of using the cat command to create a new file and append lines from another file, with examples of displaying and verifying the appended content.', 'Explanation of the flags associated with the cat command, such as the B, n, s, and e flags, along with their respective functions.']}, {'end': 4715.512, 'start': 4431.277, 'title': 'Understanding cat command flags', 'summary': 'Covers the usage of cat command flags including -n, -b, -s, and -e, demonstrating the addition of line numbers, handling non-blank lines, squeezing multiple spaces, and appending dollar signs to the end of lines.', 'duration': 284.235, 'highlights': ['The -n flag with the cat command lists the number of lines in a file, with an example showing the numbering of six lines in file2.txt.', "Explaining the -B flag, it's shown that it adds numbers to non-blank lines, as demonstrated by adding and numbering non-blank lines within file2.txt.", "Demonstrating the -s flag, it's illustrated how it squeezes multiple blank lines into one, with vi editor being utilized to add multiple blank lines and then confirming the squeezing effect.", 'The usage of the -E flag is explained, showcasing the appending of a dollar sign at the end of each line, including the differentiation for blank lines in the demonstration.']}, {'end': 4872.466, 'start': 4715.512, 'title': 'Using grep command in linux', 'summary': 'Introduces the grep command in linux used to search for a particular string or word in a text file, explaining its format, options, and functionalities including case-insensitive search, displaying line numbers, showing non-matching lines, and counting matching lines.', 'duration': 156.954, 'highlights': ['The grep command is used to search for a particular string or a word in a text file.', 'Case-insensitive search can be performed using the -i flag in the grep command.', 'Using the -n flag in the grep command returns the matching strings along with the line number in which they were found.', 'The -v flag in the grep command displays the list of lines where the results were not found, showing non-matching lines.', 'The -C flag in the grep command returns the number of lines in which the results matched the search string.']}, {'end': 5256.422, 'start': 4872.506, 'title': 'Using grep command for text search', 'summary': 'Demonstrates using the grep command to search for text in files, with examples showcasing the use of flags such as -i, -n, -v, and -c, providing insights into the number of occurrences and case sensitivity.', 'duration': 383.916, 'highlights': ['The grep command is used to search for specific text in files, with examples demonstrating the usage of flags like -i, -n, -v, and -c, providing insights into the number of occurrences and case sensitivity.', 'The -i flag is utilized to perform a case-insensitive search, with examples showcasing its impact on search results and the inclusion of additional text occurrences.', 'The -n flag is demonstrated, listing down the line numbers where the specified word was found in the file, offering a way to pinpoint the location of the text within the file.', 'The -v flag is showcased, displaying results excluding specific text occurrences, offering a way to filter out certain results from the search output.', 'The -c flag is used to display the number of times a specific string was found in the file, providing a quantifiable measure of the occurrences of the searched text.']}], 'duration': 1359.555, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN143896867.jpg', 'highlights': ['The cat command is used to display the content of text files and concatenate several files into one', 'The grep command is used to search for a particular string or a word in a text file', 'Explanation of the flags associated with the cat command, such as the B, n, s, and e flags', 'The -n flag with the cat command lists the number of lines in a file', 'The -i flag is utilized to perform a case-insensitive search', 'The -n flag in the grep command returns the matching strings along with the line number', 'The -c flag is used to display the number of times a specific string was found in the file', 'The -v flag in the grep command displays the list of lines where the results were not found']}, {'end': 6772.435, 'segs': [{'end': 5321.992, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5296.354, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5300.717, 'text': 'okay, now that result can be sorted and also we can sort anything else.', 'start': 5296.354, 'duration': 4.363}, {'end': 5302.738, 'text': 'we can sort the contents of a file.', 'start': 5300.717, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 5305.74, 'text': 'right, we can sort the contents of the file, or you know all these things.', 'start': 5302.738, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 5306.681, 'text': "so that's what this means.", 'start': 5305.74, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 5311.284, 'text': 'so, without wasting much time, let me just show you how that is done.', 'start': 5307.361, 'duration': 3.923}, {'end': 5315.367, 'text': 'so you can give sort and the file that you want to search.', 'start': 5311.284, 'duration': 4.083}, {'end': 5321.992, 'text': 'alternatively, you can also search two files at the same time by giving file1.txt and file2.txt.', 'start': 5315.367, 'duration': 6.625}], 'summary': 'The process demonstrates sorting files and searching multiple files simultaneously.', 'duration': 25.638, 'max_score': 5296.354, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN145296354.jpg'}, {'end': 5363.983, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5336.549, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5342.376, 'text': 'you can just give both the file names and it will sort the contents for both file1.txt and file2.txt.', 'start': 5336.549, 'duration': 5.827}, {'end': 5350.359, 'text': 'okay?. and again, if you want to display them in the reverse order, then you can specify the r flag and for case insensitive sorting,', 'start': 5342.376, 'duration': 7.983}, {'end': 5352.44, 'text': 'you can do the hyphen f flag.', 'start': 5350.359, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 5359.122, 'text': 'and then, if you want to sort the results based on the number in a numerical order, then you can use the n flag.', 'start': 5352.44, 'duration': 6.682}, {'end': 5360.142, 'text': 'okay, guys.', 'start': 5359.122, 'duration': 1.02}, {'end': 5363.983, 'text': 'so let me first of all go to my terminal and start executing them.', 'start': 5360.142, 'duration': 3.841}], 'summary': 'Sort and display file contents with flags for reverse order, case insensitive sorting, and numerical order.', 'duration': 27.434, 'max_score': 5336.549, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN145336549.jpg'}, {'end': 5791.113, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5763.779, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5766.961, 'text': 'So we had one, two, three, four, five, the numbers came first and then came the text.', 'start': 5763.779, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 5771.703, 'text': 'But since we ran the hyphen N, the alphabetical letters or the characters came first.', 'start': 5767.021, 'duration': 4.682}, {'end': 5775.486, 'text': 'After that, it was sorted by numerical letters.', 'start': 5772.544, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 5780.128, 'text': "So that's what the N flag does and that brings us to the end of the sort commands.", 'start': 5776.246, 'duration': 3.882}, {'end': 5787.832, 'text': 'so, after the sort command, the next one that we have in line is that of pipe command.', 'start': 5782.25, 'duration': 5.582}, {'end': 5791.113, 'text': 'okay, so this is referred to as the pipe.', 'start': 5787.832, 'duration': 3.281}], 'summary': 'The hyphen n flag sorts characters before numerical letters. next is the pipe command.', 'duration': 27.334, 'max_score': 5763.779, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN145763779.jpg'}, {'end': 6217.32, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6187.135, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6190.916, 'text': 'Okay, as you can see, here we have the our flag right?', 'start': 6187.135, 'duration': 3.781}, {'end': 6192.417, 'text': 'So CP minus R.', 'start': 6190.976, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 6198.329, 'text': 'It is for recursive copy and that is for copying directories, also okay, and it copies also hidden files.', 'start': 6192.417, 'duration': 5.912}, {'end': 6203.374, 'text': 'if there are any hidden files or if you have directories which you want to copy inside that directory, then it will.', 'start': 6198.329, 'duration': 5.045}, {'end': 6205.416, 'text': 'it will copy that that itself.', 'start': 6203.374, 'duration': 2.042}, {'end': 6209.494, 'text': 'so that is the thing, because you cannot copy directories without the R flag.', 'start': 6205.416, 'duration': 4.078}, {'end': 6210.455, 'text': 'You can only copy files.', 'start': 6209.514, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 6212.676, 'text': 'So that is the meaning here.', 'start': 6210.975, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 6217.32, 'text': 'And we have another flag here called the V flag, and that is verbose.', 'start': 6213.217, 'duration': 4.103}], 'summary': 'Using cp with r flag for recursive copy and v flag for verbose output.', 'duration': 30.185, 'max_score': 6187.135, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN146187135.jpg'}, {'end': 6413.187, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6382.334, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 6384.535, 'text': "So at that time, you'll have two different files with the same name.", 'start': 6382.334, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 6388.377, 'text': "So that's the advantage with the CP and you flag.", 'start': 6385.175, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 6391.959, 'text': "OK, so let's try executing these options.", 'start': 6389.018, 'duration': 2.941}, {'end': 6392.66, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 6392.36, 'duration': 0.3}, {'end': 6395.782, 'text': "So I'm just going to go back to my terminal here.", 'start': 6393.34, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 6400.024, 'text': "So first and foremost, let's execute the R flag.", 'start': 6396.542, 'duration': 3.482}, {'end': 6401.665, 'text': "It's capital R.", 'start': 6400.825, 'duration': 0.84}, {'end': 6402.686, 'text': 'So do note that.', 'start': 6401.665, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 6407.681, 'text': 'and when you say enter, so the item is copied.', 'start': 6403.476, 'duration': 4.205}, {'end': 6413.187, 'text': "So if you go back to your documents folder, you can see that there's a new folder called elements that's been created.", 'start': 6408.041, 'duration': 5.146}], 'summary': "Executing 'cp' command copied 'elements' folder in documents folder.", 'duration': 30.853, 'max_score': 6382.334, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN146382334.jpg'}], 'start': 5256.422, 'title': 'Sorting files and copying with cp command', 'summary': 'Covers the usage of the sort command to alphabetically or numerically sort file contents, directories, and multiple files, including options for reverse order and case-insensitive sorting. it also explains the cp command in linux, emphasizing copying files and directories, including the demonstration of copying files and the usage of cp command flags such as i, u, r, and v with practical examples.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5636.801, 'start': 5256.422, 'title': 'Sorting files and contents', 'summary': 'Covers the usage of the sort command to alphabetically or numerically sort file contents, directories, and multiple files, including options to display results in reverse order and perform case-insensitive sorting.', 'duration': 380.379, 'highlights': ['The sort command is used to sort the results of a search either alphabetically or numerically, for files or file contents or directories.', 'The sort command can be used to sort the contents of a file, and it can also sort multiple files simultaneously.', 'Options like -r flag for displaying results in reverse order and -f flag for case-insensitive sorting can be used with the sort command.']}, {'end': 5933.902, 'start': 5636.801, 'title': 'Using sort and pipe commands', 'summary': 'Explains the usage of the sort command with the -n flag to sort lines numerically and the pipe command to perform two operations in the same command, highlighting the process and the impact on sorting results.', 'duration': 297.101, 'highlights': ['The sort command with the -n flag sorts lines numerically, displaying the lines in numerical order first, followed by the text lines.', 'The pipe command allows performing two operations in the same command, such as searching for a string using grep and then sorting the results, saving time and streamlining the process.']}, {'end': 6220.743, 'start': 5934.183, 'title': 'Copying files and directories with cp', 'summary': 'Covers the usage of the cp command in linux, with an emphasis on copying files and directories, including the demonstration of copying files and the explanation of the error encountered when attempting to copy a directory without the -r flag.', 'duration': 286.56, 'highlights': ['The CP command in Linux is used for copying files and directories, and the -R flag is essential for copying directories.', 'Demonstration of copying a file from the documents directory to the desktop using the CP command.', 'Explanation of the error encountered when attempting to copy a directory without the -R flag.']}, {'end': 6772.435, 'start': 6221.103, 'title': 'Linux cp command flags', 'summary': 'Demonstrates the usage of cp command flags, including the i, u, r, and v flags, with practical examples, highlighting the benefits of interactive mode, preventing file overwriting, and displaying informative messages while copying files.', 'duration': 551.332, 'highlights': ["The CP command's I flag enables interactive mode, prompting the user before overwriting files, ensuring manual decision-making and preventing automatic overwriting.", "The CP command's U flag updates the destination file only when the source file is different, preventing the overwriting of files with the same name but different contents.", "The CP command's V flag displays the status of the system and provides step-by-step progress details while copying files, offering informative messages about the ongoing actions.", "The CP command's R flag recursively copies the entire directory along with its contents, creating a new folder if it does not exist."]}], 'duration': 1516.013, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN145256422.jpg', 'highlights': ['The sort command can be used to sort the contents of a file, and it can also sort multiple files simultaneously.', 'The sort command with the -n flag sorts lines numerically, displaying the lines in numerical order first, followed by the text lines.', "The CP command's R flag recursively copies the entire directory along with its contents, creating a new folder if it does not exist.", 'Options like -r flag for displaying results in reverse order and -f flag for case-insensitive sorting can be used with the sort command.', "The CP command's V flag displays the status of the system and provides step-by-step progress details while copying files, offering informative messages about the ongoing actions."]}, {'end': 8377.482, 'segs': [{'end': 6803.209, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6772.435, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6775.717, 'text': 'Okay so, additionally, there is one other thing that I want to show you.', 'start': 6772.435, 'duration': 3.282}, {'end': 6780.36, 'text': 'okay, now, I showed you how to copy from source to destination and Okay, and now you know what,', 'start': 6775.717, 'duration': 4.643}, {'end': 6785.181, 'text': 'if you know the path of something and you want to copy it to your present directory? To where you are currently.', 'start': 6780.36, 'duration': 4.821}, {'end': 6788.943, 'text': "so this is basically I'm just teaching you this option to you know, save some time.", 'start': 6785.181, 'duration': 3.762}, {'end': 6791.844, 'text': 'You know, at times you might want some shortcuts or some hacks.', 'start': 6788.943, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 6794.765, 'text': "I do don't want to provide the complete path everywhere.", 'start': 6791.844, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 6803.209, 'text': 'so at that situations, at that scenarios, you can use this hack, and Let me explain that before I execute it in my terminal.', 'start': 6794.765, 'duration': 8.444}], 'summary': 'Teaching a shortcut to copy from a known path to present directory.', 'duration': 30.774, 'max_score': 6772.435, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN146772435.jpg'}, {'end': 6878.958, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6852.89, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 6860.733, 'text': "now, what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna run the CP command such that I copy file from this particular directory to the current directory.", 'start': 6852.89, 'duration': 7.843}, {'end': 6865.675, 'text': 'Okay, so the file to go TXT, if you remember that is present in my documents directory, right?', 'start': 6860.733, 'duration': 4.942}, {'end': 6874.718, 'text': "so I'm gonna specify the path to the documents directory and the path to document directory is slash home, Edureka and Documents.", 'start': 6865.935, 'duration': 8.783}, {'end': 6878.958, 'text': 'okay, and the file name is file2.txt.', 'start': 6874.718, 'duration': 4.24}], 'summary': 'Copying file2.txt from /home/edureka/documents to the current directory', 'duration': 26.068, 'max_score': 6852.89, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN146852890.jpg'}, {'end': 6974.95, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6946.182, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6950.466, 'text': "But if you use the MV command, then it's gonna basically work like cut paste,", 'start': 6946.182, 'duration': 4.284}, {'end': 6956.412, 'text': 'where it will remove the content from the source directory and the only copy will be present in the destination directory.', 'start': 6950.466, 'duration': 5.946}, {'end': 6959.555, 'text': 'Alright, so let me straight away get started.', 'start': 6956.652, 'duration': 2.903}, {'end': 6963.238, 'text': "It's not too much of an explanation needed over here because it's self-explanatory.", 'start': 6959.575, 'duration': 3.663}, {'end': 6966.881, 'text': 'If you use the iflag, it basically enters into interactive mode again like before.', 'start': 6963.558, 'duration': 3.323}, {'end': 6970.565, 'text': 'So the U flag is again the same as what it was in the copy command.', 'start': 6967.702, 'duration': 2.863}, {'end': 6974.95, 'text': 'It updates the destination file only when the source file is different from the destination file.', 'start': 6971.126, 'duration': 3.824}], 'summary': 'Mv command acts like cut-paste, removing content from source directory to destination directory.', 'duration': 28.768, 'max_score': 6946.182, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN146946182.jpg'}, {'end': 7123.289, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 7023.116, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 7032.601, 'text': 'So when I give LMS, okay, this means that this move command will work, such that this file will be moved to LMS folder.', 'start': 7023.116, 'duration': 9.485}, {'end': 7033.922, 'text': 'okay?, Let me go enter.', 'start': 7032.601, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 7037.124, 'text': "and go back to my desktop and find that it's missing.", 'start': 7034.602, 'duration': 2.522}, {'end': 7038.646, 'text': "That's because I ran a command over there.", 'start': 7037.425, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 7041.789, 'text': "If I go to LMS, however, I'll find the file to .", 'start': 7039.066, 'duration': 2.723}, {'end': 7042.589, 'text': 'txt over here.', 'start': 7041.789, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 7046.353, 'text': "Alright, awesome, right? So that's what the .", 'start': 7043.11, 'duration': 3.243}, {'end': 7047.033, 'text': 'mv file does.', 'start': 7046.353, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 7054.72, 'text': 'And, supposing I want to similar to copy, can move multiple files at the same time.', 'start': 7047.814, 'duration': 6.906}, {'end': 7057.062, 'text': 'all right, so I can move.', 'start': 7054.72, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 7063.306, 'text': "you know, supposing I go back to my desktop, okay, and I'll find that there is automobiles and read me.", 'start': 7057.062, 'duration': 6.244}, {'end': 7066.469, 'text': 'suppose I want to move both of these to the elements directory.', 'start': 7063.306, 'duration': 3.163}, {'end': 7067.749, 'text': 'then I can do that also.', 'start': 7066.469, 'duration': 1.28}, {'end': 7070.151, 'text': 'I can just simply give move.', 'start': 7067.749, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 7076.649, 'text': 'I can give automobiles or txt and readme.txt and specify the destination.', 'start': 7070.151, 'duration': 6.498}, {'end': 7079.631, 'text': 'I can move to any other folder, or I can move to LMS folder.', 'start': 7077.049, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 7083.134, 'text': "If I'm moving it to LMS folder, then I just need to give LMS, okay?", 'start': 7079.671, 'duration': 3.463}, {'end': 7091.86, 'text': "But however, if I'm moving to another folder, then I gotta start from the root, say home, Edureka, and from here.", 'start': 7083.374, 'duration': 8.486}, {'end': 7093.742, 'text': "let's see I wanna go to downloads, okay?", 'start': 7091.86, 'duration': 1.882}, {'end': 7094.522, 'text': 'So downloads.', 'start': 7093.902, 'duration': 0.62}, {'end': 7096.784, 'text': "if I wanna go, I'll give this path, I'll give enter.", 'start': 7094.522, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 7107.553, 'text': 'And if you notice, both are missing from my desktop, and if I go to my, and if I go to downloads, I can find the two files over here.', 'start': 7097.565, 'duration': 9.988}, {'end': 7109.655, 'text': "So that's how simple it is, guys.", 'start': 7107.953, 'duration': 1.702}, {'end': 7111.957, 'text': "So that's the move command.", 'start': 7110.035, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 7118.184, 'text': 'And if you want to see the system status, then you can use the V flag like we use for CP.', 'start': 7112.538, 'duration': 5.646}, {'end': 7120.306, 'text': 'So a similar log will be generated and shown.', 'start': 7118.244, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 7123.289, 'text': 'If you want to enter interactive mode, then you can use the I flag.', 'start': 7120.666, 'duration': 2.623}], 'summary': 'The mv command can move files to specified folders; it can also move multiple files at once and display system status.', 'duration': 100.173, 'max_score': 7023.116, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN147023116.jpg'}, {'end': 7300.958, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7276.788, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 7284.511, 'text': "But just because we're in the CP or in the move commands stage of this demonstration, I wanna continue on and I want to show you this also.", 'start': 7276.788, 'duration': 7.723}, {'end': 7293.074, 'text': "Okay I want to just get finished with this part So you will get an idea of what I'm saying when you see me do this So here we have these four files.", 'start': 7284.811, 'duration': 8.263}, {'end': 7294.955, 'text': "So first let's use the copy command.", 'start': 7293.094, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 7300.958, 'text': 'and So, if I want to copy all the files which are in the form of a file, okay, So they are all in the dot txt format right?', 'start': 7294.955, 'duration': 6.003}], 'summary': 'Demonstration of using the copy command to copy four .txt files', 'duration': 24.17, 'max_score': 7276.788, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN147276788.jpg'}, {'end': 7862.305, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7831.202, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 7834.785, 'text': 'now I want to show you executing the same command with the flower bracket.', 'start': 7831.202, 'duration': 3.583}, {'end': 7839.588, 'text': 'right, I told you that creating a flower bracket will let you create multiple directories inside that directory.', 'start': 7834.785, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 7847.213, 'text': "so if I'm gonna say make directory folder because it's inside folder one, I can create one here.", 'start': 7839.588, 'duration': 7.625}, {'end': 7848.314, 'text': 'folder two.', 'start': 7847.213, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 7852.957, 'text': 'I can say comma folder three, comma folder four.', 'start': 7848.314, 'duration': 4.643}, {'end': 7862.305, 'text': 'Okay, and if I close this flower bracket, then these three sub Directories or folders would be created inside my folder one.', 'start': 7854.122, 'duration': 8.183}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating the use of flower brackets to create multiple directories inside a directory, creating folder two, folder three, and folder four inside folder one.', 'duration': 31.103, 'max_score': 7831.202, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN147831202.jpg'}], 'start': 6772.435, 'title': 'Linux file commands', 'summary': 'Explains copying files to the current directory, provides an overview of the mv command, covers file copying and moving in linux, demonstrates the usage of mkdir command to create directories, and discusses working with directory commands.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6924.287, 'start': 6772.435, 'title': 'Copying files to current directory', 'summary': "Explains a shortcut for copying files from a different directory to the current directory using the 'cp' command, saving time and avoiding the need to specify the complete path, demonstrated by copying a file from the documents directory to the desktop directory.", 'duration': 151.852, 'highlights': ["The chapter demonstrates a shortcut for copying files from a different directory to the current directory using the 'cp' command, saving time and avoiding the need to specify the complete path.", "The example showcases copying the file 'file2.txt' from the documents directory to the current directory using the 'cp' command, with the path specified as '/home/Edureka/Documents' and the current directory represented by 'one dot', resulting in the successful creation of 'file2.txt' in the current directory.", "The chapter emphasizes the use of the 'one dot' to represent the current working directory, enabling the direct copying of files from a specified directory without needing to specify the complete current directory path."]}, {'end': 7262.538, 'start': 6924.307, 'title': 'Linux mv command overview', 'summary': 'Provides an overview of the mv command, explaining how it functions as a cut-paste operation, and showcases its usage for moving single and multiple files, including the flags for interactive mode and system status display.', 'duration': 338.231, 'highlights': ['The MV command functions as a cut-paste operation, removing the content from the source directory and retaining the only copy in the destination directory, providing a seamless way to move files.', 'Demonstrated the usage of the MV command to move a single file to a different destination, illustrating its effectiveness in relocating files.', 'Highlighted the capability of the MV command to move multiple files simultaneously, enabling efficient file transfer within the Linux environment.', "Explained the significance of flags such as '-V' for system status display and '-I' for interactive mode when using the MV command, demonstrating its versatile functionality.", "Discussed the application of flags such as '-U' for updating a destination file only when the source file differs, ensuring precise control over file movement operations."]}, {'end': 7571.225, 'start': 7262.538, 'title': 'File copying and moving', 'summary': 'Covers the concepts of file copying and moving using commands such as cp and mv in linux, demonstrating copying and moving files based on file format and directories, with a focus on executing the commands and observing the changes in the directories.', 'duration': 308.687, 'highlights': ['The cp command can be used to copy files based on file format', 'The mv command can be used to move files based on file format', 'Moving files between directories can be achieved using relative paths']}, {'end': 7930.155, 'start': 7571.405, 'title': 'Using mkdir command to create directories', 'summary': 'Covers the usage of the mkdir command to create new directories, including creating single and multiple directories, using the -p flag for creating parent and child directories, and using flower brackets to create multiple directories inside another directory.', 'duration': 358.75, 'highlights': ["Using 'mkdir' command to create multiple directories inside another directory using flower brackets, e.g. 'mkdir folder1/{folder2,folder3,folder4}'", "Explaining the usage of the -p flag with 'mkdir' command to create parent and child directories, e.g. 'mkdir -p folder1/folder2/folder3'", "Demonstrating the creation of multiple directories inside a directory using the 'mkdir' command, e.g. 'mkdir folder1/folder2 folder3 folder4'"]}, {'end': 8377.482, 'start': 7930.155, 'title': 'Working with directory commands', 'summary': "Covers the commands 'rmdir' and 'rm' for removing directories, highlighting the differences between the two, the use of flags to remove directories and subdirectories, and the limitations of 'rmdir' compared to 'rm'.", 'duration': 447.327, 'highlights': ["The 'RMDIR' command removes specific directories, while 'RM' can remove subdirectories as well, highlighting the difference between the two commands.", "The use of the '-P' flag with 'RMDIR' allows for the removal of both parent and child directories simultaneously, demonstrating the functionality of the flag.", "The 'RM' command can remove non-empty directories, overcoming the limitation of 'RMDIR' which requires directories to be emptied before deletion.", "The verbose flag '-V' with 'RMDIR' provides a detailed output of the removal process, illustrating the use of the flag for verbose deletion operations."]}], 'duration': 1605.047, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN146772435.jpg', 'highlights': ['The MV command functions as a cut-paste operation, removing the content from the source directory and retaining the only copy in the destination directory, providing a seamless way to move files.', "Using 'mkdir' command to create multiple directories inside another directory using flower brackets, e.g. 'mkdir folder1/{folder2,folder3,folder4'", 'The cp command can be used to copy files based on file format', "The chapter demonstrates a shortcut for copying files from a different directory to the current directory using the 'cp' command, saving time and avoiding the need to specify the complete path.", "The example showcases copying the file 'file2.txt' from the documents directory to the current directory using the 'cp' command, with the path specified as '/home/Edureka/Documents' and the current directory represented by 'one dot', resulting in the successful creation of 'file2.txt' in the current directory."]}, {'end': 9244.064, 'segs': [{'end': 8423.403, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8377.482, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8379.682, 'text': "Okay, and that's what the R flag does.", 'start': 8377.482, 'duration': 2.2}, {'end': 8381.463, 'text': "that's the advantage of for using the R flag.", 'start': 8379.682, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 8388.346, 'text': 'Okay, so So if the same thing if we use the R flag with the V flag, then it will print the status also.', 'start': 8381.823, 'duration': 6.523}, {'end': 8392.787, 'text': "It's like the verbose, right? It'll print, it'll tell you what all has been deleted and how it has been deleted.", 'start': 8388.686, 'duration': 4.101}, {'end': 8399.53, 'text': "So that's the advantage with using RM over RMDIR, okay? At times this is more beneficial.", 'start': 8393.388, 'duration': 6.142}, {'end': 8404.633, 'text': "So I'm just gonna clear the screen and getting back to my presentation.", 'start': 8400.091, 'duration': 4.542}, {'end': 8410.335, 'text': "I'm done with all the concepts in this slide, so let me go on to the next topic, okay?", 'start': 8404.633, 'duration': 5.702}, {'end': 8414.881, 'text': 'So the next topic is gonna be that of working with user permissions.', 'start': 8411.26, 'duration': 3.621}, {'end': 8423.403, 'text': "It's very important for a Linux administrator to know what these user permissions are, because the different files will be there,", 'start': 8416.141, 'duration': 7.262}], 'summary': 'Using rm with r flag provides verbose status, beneficial over rmdir.', 'duration': 45.921, 'max_score': 8377.482, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN148377482.jpg'}, {'end': 8490.51, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8463.571, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8467.332, 'text': 'along with their Permissions, will be visible in long format, right?', 'start': 8463.571, 'duration': 3.761}, {'end': 8471.395, 'text': 'So let me go to my terminal first and go to CD.', 'start': 8467.352, 'duration': 4.043}, {'end': 8472.056, 'text': 'all right.', 'start': 8471.395, 'duration': 0.661}, {'end': 8475.962, 'text': 'now, when I do an LS, I have a list of all these documents.', 'start': 8472.056, 'duration': 3.906}, {'end': 8480.409, 'text': 'okay, but however, when I do an LS hyphen L, I get it in long format.', 'start': 8475.962, 'duration': 4.447}, {'end': 8484.324, 'text': 'Okay, so I get it something like this so for each folder.', 'start': 8481.061, 'duration': 3.263}, {'end': 8485.605, 'text': 'I have the permission set.', 'start': 8484.384, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 8490.51, 'text': 'so for desktop I have the permission sets and then I have the other components.', 'start': 8485.605, 'duration': 4.905}], 'summary': "Using 'ls -l' command in terminal shows permissions of files and folders in long format.", 'duration': 26.939, 'max_score': 8463.571, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN148463571.jpg'}, {'end': 8939.677, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8916.14, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 8923.629, 'text': 'Okay, you can use a ch mod command as shown over here, and you can use it to change the access permission of both the files and the directories.', 'start': 8916.14, 'duration': 7.489}, {'end': 8928.792, 'text': 'if you want to change the owner of the particular file and Okay, change the owner of that particular file or directory,', 'start': 8923.629, 'duration': 5.163}, {'end': 8930.873, 'text': 'then you can use a ch own command.', 'start': 8928.792, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 8935.195, 'text': 'And then, if you want to change the group ownership of that file, then you can use a ch grp.', 'start': 8930.873, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 8939.677, 'text': 'Okay, so, when you use the ch mod command, you got to specify whom are you referring to?', 'start': 8935.195, 'duration': 4.482}], 'summary': 'Use ch mod to change access permissions for files and directories.', 'duration': 23.537, 'max_score': 8916.14, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN148916140.jpg'}, {'end': 9224.262, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9197.445, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 9202.95, 'text': "because we've already exceeded the time limit, and So what we'll do is we'll continue the remaining topics in tomorrow's session, okay?", 'start': 9197.445, 'duration': 5.505}, {'end': 9210.714, 'text': "So in tomorrow's session we'll talk about Linux repositories, tar files, environment variables, regular expressions, processes,", 'start': 9203.27, 'duration': 7.444}, {'end': 9212.876, 'text': 'adding users and networking.', 'start': 9210.714, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 9214.556, 'text': "okay?. When I say networking, it's about SSH.", 'start': 9212.876, 'duration': 1.68}, {'end': 9217.818, 'text': "So these will be the topics that I will be covering in tomorrow's session, okay?", 'start': 9215.017, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 9221.32, 'text': "So, guys, on that note, let me conclude today's session.", 'start': 9218.759, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 9221.58, 'text': 'all right?', 'start': 9221.32, 'duration': 0.26}, {'end': 9224.262, 'text': "And I'll meet you all tomorrow same time.", 'start': 9222.261, 'duration': 2.001}], 'summary': "Tomorrow's session will cover linux repositories, tar files, environment variables, regular expressions, processes, adding users, and ssh networking.", 'duration': 26.817, 'max_score': 9197.445, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN149197445.jpg'}], 'start': 8377.482, 'title': 'Linux user and file permissions', 'summary': 'Covers the benefits of using rm over rmdir, the importance of user permissions for a linux administrator, details of user permissions and access control with ls -l command, linux file permissions and ownership, access rights for users, groups, and others, ch mod command for modifying permissions, ch own and ch grp commands for changing ownership, and a preview of topics for the next session.', 'chapters': [{'end': 8803.081, 'start': 8377.482, 'title': 'Linux user permissions', 'summary': 'Explains the benefits of using rm over rmdir, the importance of user permissions for a linux administrator, and the details of user permissions and access control with ls -l command.', 'duration': 425.599, 'highlights': ['The advantages of using RM over RMDIR include the ability to print status and verbose information when combined with the V flag.', 'Understanding user permissions is crucial for Linux administrators as it involves determining access for different files and directories.', 'The LS -L command displays user permissions and access control information in long format, aiding in understanding and managing file permissions.']}, {'end': 9244.064, 'start': 8803.081, 'title': 'Linux file permissions & ownership', 'summary': 'Explains linux file permissions and ownership, detailing the access rights for users, groups, and others, the ch mod command for modifying permissions, and the ch own and ch grp commands for changing ownership, concluding with a preview of topics to be covered in the next session.', 'duration': 440.983, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers Linux file permissions, including read, write, and execute access for users, groups, and others, with practical demonstrations of modifying permissions using the ch mod command and changing ownership using the ch own and ch grp commands.', 'The session concludes with a preview of topics to be covered in the next session, including Linux repositories, tar files, environment variables, regular expressions, processes, adding users, and networking, particularly SSH.']}], 'duration': 866.582, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/v_1zB2WNN14/pics/v_1zB2WNN148377482.jpg', 'highlights': ['The LS -L command displays user permissions and access control information in long format, aiding in understanding and managing file permissions.', 'The advantages of using RM over RMDIR include the ability to print status and verbose information when combined with the V flag.', 'Understanding user permissions is crucial for Linux administrators as it involves determining access for different files and directories.', 'The chapter covers Linux file permissions, including read, write, and execute access for users, groups, and others, with practical demonstrations of modifying permissions using the ch mod command and changing ownership using the ch own and ch grp commands.', 'The session concludes with a preview of topics to be covered in the next session, including Linux repositories, tar files, environment variables, regular expressions, processes, adding users, and networking, particularly SSH.']}], 'highlights': ['Linux features include easy updates, free software licensing, access to source code, multiple distributions, and better malware protection', 'The instructor emphasizes providing a complete overview of Linux, suitable for beginners and those with existing knowledge', 'The birth of Unix and C programming by Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson in 1969 at AT&T Bell Labs', 'The CLI provides faster performance and efficiency, making it advantageous for tasks that cannot be easily performed with the GUI', 'The LS -L command displays user permissions and access control information in long format, aiding in understanding and managing file permissions', 'The sort command can be used to sort the contents of a file, and it can also sort multiple files simultaneously', "The instructor confirms the audience's ability to hear and see the screen before proceeding with the session", "The CD command allows navigation to the previous directory by using 'CD ..', enabling seamless movement within the terminal", 'The LS -a flag reveals all the hidden directories and files in the specified directory, providing access to items not visible through the regular LS command or graphical user interface', 'The instructor welcomes the audience to a webinar on Linux tutorial, expressing the intention to give a comprehensive overview of Linux']}