title
Debugging C# Code in Visual Studio | Mosh

description
🔥Get the COMPLETE course (80% OFF - LIMITED TIME): http://bit.ly/2KJLPuS Learn to use debugging tools in Visual Studio to effectively debug your C# applications. EXERCISE FILES https://www.dropbox.com/s/qhgvi86vzvcvtyg/Debugging.zip?dl=0 TABLE OF CONTENT 10:32 Writing Reliable Code 19:52 Defensive Programming 27:41 Call Stack Window 29:28 Locals and Autos Windows MY OTHER C# TUTORIALS: Events and Delegates https://youtu.be/jQgwEsJISy0?list=PLTjRvDozrdlz3_FPXwb6lX_HoGXa09Yef Generics https://youtu.be/gyal6TbgmSU?list=PLTjRvDozrdlz3_FPXwb6lX_HoGXa09Yef STAY IN TOUCH Website: http://programmingwithmosh.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/programmingwithmosh Twitter: http://twitter.com/moshhamedani

detail
{'title': 'Debugging C# Code in Visual Studio | Mosh', 'heatmap': [{'end': 306.254, 'start': 208.132, 'weight': 0.778}, {'end': 422.307, 'start': 391.229, 'weight': 1}, {'end': 1734.113, 'start': 1711.594, 'weight': 0.89}], 'summary': 'Covers debugging c# code in visual studio, catering to beginners and emphasizing defensive programming and reliable code. it demonstrates identifying and fixing issues in code, such as incorrectly returning the smallest numbers from a list and handling edge cases, while explaining the use of debugging tools in visual studio, including setting breakpoints, running in debug mode, inspecting variable values, and using step-by-step debugging techniques.', 'chapters': [{'end': 623.058, 'segs': [{'end': 49.766, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1.889, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7.093, 'text': "Hi, my name is Mash Hamadani and in this video I'm going to teach you how to debug your C-Sharp code in Visual Studio.", 'start': 1.889, 'duration': 5.204}, {'end': 13.678, 'text': 'As part of this, I will also talk about defensive programming and writing reliable code that does not have side effects.', 'start': 7.674, 'duration': 6.004}, {'end': 16.801, 'text': 'Ideally, this video is for beginner C-Sharp programmers.', 'start': 14.419, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 21.324, 'text': 'So if you have been programming in C-Sharp for less than six months, this video is for you.', 'start': 17.361, 'duration': 3.963}, {'end': 27.229, 'text': "So I've written a small program that displays the smallest numbers in a list.", 'start': 23.246, 'duration': 3.983}, {'end': 34.077, 'text': 'So as you see on the first line, we define a list of integers with numbers from 1 to 6.', 'start': 28.393, 'duration': 5.684}, {'end': 36.718, 'text': 'Then we call this method getSmallest.', 'start': 34.077, 'duration': 2.641}, {'end': 38.939, 'text': 'We pass our numbers list here.', 'start': 37.379, 'duration': 1.56}, {'end': 43.622, 'text': 'And 3 here means return 3 smallest numbers in this list.', 'start': 39.68, 'duration': 3.942}, {'end': 49.766, 'text': 'And finally, we iterate over this smallest list and display them on the console.', 'start': 44.803, 'duration': 4.963}], 'summary': 'Mash hamadani teaches debugging c-sharp in visual studio for beginners, focusing on defensive programming and writing reliable code without side effects. the video is aimed at c-sharp programmers with less than six months of experience.', 'duration': 47.877, 'max_score': 1.889, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog1889.jpg'}, {'end': 134.586, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 80.132, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 84.294, 'text': 'So in this method, first we define a list to hold the smallest numbers.', 'start': 80.132, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 94.642, 'text': 'then, as long as the number of elements or the number of objects in this list is less than the count that we pass to this method,', 'start': 85.558, 'duration': 9.084}, {'end': 95.662, 'text': "we're going to run this logic.", 'start': 94.642, 'duration': 1.02}, {'end': 104.906, 'text': 'And here we make a call to get smallest method, passing the list, and we expect this method to return the minimum number in that list.', 'start': 96.763, 'duration': 8.143}, {'end': 114.67, 'text': 'Next, we add this minimum number to our ultimate list of smallest numbers and remove it from the original list.', 'start': 106.427, 'duration': 8.243}, {'end': 121.7, 'text': 'So this way, the first time this while loop is executed, we should get the list of one to six.', 'start': 116.058, 'duration': 5.642}, {'end': 129.023, 'text': 'So I expect one to be returned and added to the smallest list and removed from the original list.', 'start': 122.681, 'duration': 6.342}, {'end': 134.586, 'text': 'Then we repeat with this list two to six,', 'start': 130.264, 'duration': 4.322}], 'summary': 'A method iterates through a list to find and add the smallest numbers to a new list.', 'duration': 54.454, 'max_score': 80.132, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog80132.jpg'}, {'end': 306.254, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 167.974, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 172.896, 'text': "if it's greater than the minimum, we change the minimum.", 'start': 167.974, 'duration': 4.922}, {'end': 175.757, 'text': "so if you're a bit experienced, you know that here we have a bug.", 'start': 172.896, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 178.432, 'text': "But if you didn't catch it, that's perfectly fine.", 'start': 176.55, 'duration': 1.882}, {'end': 179.954, 'text': "That's the purpose of this video.", 'start': 178.753, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 184.679, 'text': "I'm going to teach you how to use debugging in Visual Studio to find bugs in your program.", 'start': 180.314, 'duration': 4.365}, {'end': 187.082, 'text': 'So how does debugging work?', 'start': 185.961, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 195.832, 'text': 'In terms of the process, first you need to put one or more breakpoints in your application and then run your application in the debug mode.', 'start': 188.023, 'duration': 7.809}, {'end': 199.365, 'text': 'when you run your application in the debug mode,', 'start': 196.923, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 208.132, 'text': "the execution stops at your breakpoint and there you can inspect the values of different variables to make sure they're holding the right value and if not,", 'start': 199.365, 'duration': 8.767}, {'end': 210.094, 'text': 'you can change your code.', 'start': 208.132, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 213.236, 'text': "so i'm going to put a breakpoint at the beginning of the main method.", 'start': 210.094, 'duration': 3.142}, {'end': 220.642, 'text': 'here you can put a breakpoint by pressing f9 or you can remove it by pressing f9 again.', 'start': 213.236, 'duration': 7.406}, {'end': 224.999, 'text': 'And now we run the application in the debug mode.', 'start': 222.898, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 227.301, 'text': 'How do we do that? With F5.', 'start': 225.379, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 229.222, 'text': 'So remember this shortcut.', 'start': 228.141, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 236.026, 'text': 'F5 is run in the debug mode, whereas control F5 is run without debug.', 'start': 230.182, 'duration': 5.844}, {'end': 239.288, 'text': "So I'm going to press F5 now.", 'start': 237.867, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 247.713, 'text': 'So look, the program started and execution stopped at the line where I put a breakpoint.', 'start': 242.069, 'duration': 5.644}, {'end': 253.908, 'text': 'Now at this point, I can look at the values of different variables or I can continue execution.', 'start': 248.666, 'duration': 5.242}, {'end': 258.029, 'text': 'There are a few different ways to continue execution.', 'start': 255.749, 'duration': 2.28}, {'end': 263.853, 'text': 'One common way is what we call step over and the shortcut for that is F10.', 'start': 258.81, 'duration': 5.043}, {'end': 269.135, 'text': 'So if I press F10 now, this line is executed.', 'start': 264.713, 'duration': 4.422}, {'end': 272.897, 'text': 'So with F10, we execute one line at a time.', 'start': 270.576, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 275.998, 'text': "Now I'm going to press F10 one more time.", 'start': 274.257, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 281.169, 'text': 'and hover my mouse over smallest variable.', 'start': 277.968, 'duration': 3.201}, {'end': 283.529, 'text': "Let's inspect this.", 'start': 282.729, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 288.75, 'text': 'So we have 654.', 'start': 285.79, 'duration': 2.96}, {'end': 291.971, 'text': 'So this is telling me that there is something wrong in this method.', 'start': 288.75, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 293.211, 'text': 'Get smallest.', 'start': 292.411, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 295.552, 'text': "So let's go back.", 'start': 294.812, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 298.072, 'text': 'Look at this yellow arrow here.', 'start': 296.732, 'duration': 1.34}, {'end': 302.473, 'text': "I'm going to drag this and put it back here.", 'start': 298.612, 'duration': 3.861}, {'end': 306.254, 'text': 'I press F10 to step over one more time.', 'start': 302.493, 'duration': 3.761}], 'summary': 'Learn debugging in visual studio: set breakpoints, inspect variables, and step through code for bug detection and correction.', 'duration': 71.314, 'max_score': 167.974, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog167974.jpg'}, {'end': 306.254, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 270.576, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 272.897, 'text': 'So with F10, we execute one line at a time.', 'start': 270.576, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 275.998, 'text': "Now I'm going to press F10 one more time.", 'start': 274.257, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 281.169, 'text': 'and hover my mouse over smallest variable.', 'start': 277.968, 'duration': 3.201}, {'end': 283.529, 'text': "Let's inspect this.", 'start': 282.729, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 288.75, 'text': 'So we have 654.', 'start': 285.79, 'duration': 2.96}, {'end': 291.971, 'text': 'So this is telling me that there is something wrong in this method.', 'start': 288.75, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 293.211, 'text': 'Get smallest.', 'start': 292.411, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 295.552, 'text': "So let's go back.", 'start': 294.812, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 298.072, 'text': 'Look at this yellow arrow here.', 'start': 296.732, 'duration': 1.34}, {'end': 302.473, 'text': "I'm going to drag this and put it back here.", 'start': 298.612, 'duration': 3.861}, {'end': 306.254, 'text': 'I press F10 to step over one more time.', 'start': 302.493, 'duration': 3.761}], 'summary': "Debugging process identifies issue in 'get smallest' method, with variable value 654.", 'duration': 35.678, 'max_score': 270.576, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog270576.jpg'}, {'end': 422.307, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 370.758, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 373.519, 'text': 'So what is coming out of this method is number 6.', 'start': 370.758, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 379.662, 'text': 'And what was the input? A list with numbers 1 to 6.', 'start': 373.519, 'duration': 6.143}, {'end': 383.023, 'text': 'So this is telling me something is definitely wrong inside this method.', 'start': 379.662, 'duration': 3.361}, {'end': 390.109, 'text': "So let's go back, and this time I'm going to step into it.", 'start': 385.345, 'duration': 4.764}, {'end': 400.636, 'text': "F11, now F10, now I'm going to introduce you to a very useful tool when debugging your applications, the watch window.", 'start': 391.229, 'duration': 9.407}, {'end': 410.664, 'text': 'So you can open it via debug, windows, watch, watch1.', 'start': 401.557, 'duration': 9.107}, {'end': 415.522, 'text': 'what is this window?', 'start': 413.8, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 422.307, 'text': 'we can put the variables that are of interest to us in this window and this way we can look at their values at all time.', 'start': 415.522, 'duration': 6.785}], 'summary': 'Debugging reveals input issue, method outputs 6 from list 1 to 6.', 'duration': 29.878, 'max_score': 370.758, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog370758.jpg'}, {'end': 533.239, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 504.595, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 508.418, 'text': "So with this logic, we're constantly looking for a larger number.", 'start': 504.595, 'duration': 3.823}, {'end': 512.4, 'text': 'And this will return the maximum number in the list, not the minimum.', 'start': 509.399, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 515.063, 'text': 'So this is where the problem resides.', 'start': 513.582, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 521.688, 'text': 'Now I can easily fix this by changing this condition to less than.', 'start': 516.124, 'duration': 5.564}, {'end': 523.645, 'text': "Now let's step over it.", 'start': 522.664, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 533.239, 'text': 'F10 So did you notice that this line was not executed? So the value of min was not changed.', 'start': 524.448, 'duration': 8.791}], 'summary': 'Fixing logic to find minimum number in the list.', 'duration': 28.644, 'max_score': 504.595, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog504595.jpg'}], 'start': 1.889, 'title': 'Debugging in visual studio', 'summary': 'Covers debugging c-sharp code in visual studio, emphasizing defensive programming and reliable code. it caters to beginner c-sharp programmers and demonstrates identifying and fixing issues in code, such as incorrectly returning the smallest numbers from a list. additionally, it explains how to use debugging in visual studio to find bugs in a program, including setting breakpoints, running in debug mode, inspecting variable values, and using step over and step into functions. moreover, it explores debugging a method to find the maximum number in a list, identifying and correcting the logic error to successfully return the correct result of 6, using step-by-step debugging techniques and the watch window.', 'chapters': [{'end': 167.974, 'start': 1.889, 'title': 'Debugging c-sharp code in visual studio', 'summary': 'Covers debugging c-sharp code in visual studio, emphasizing defensive programming and reliable code. it caters to beginner c-sharp programmers and demonstrates identifying and fixing issues in code, such as incorrectly returning the smallest numbers from a list.', 'duration': 166.085, 'highlights': ['The video caters to beginner C-Sharp programmers, particularly those with less than six months of experience.', 'Demonstrates debugging a program to identify and fix issues, such as incorrectly returning the smallest numbers from a list.', 'Emphasizes defensive programming and writing reliable code without side effects.', 'Explains the process of identifying the smallest numbers in a list and the logic behind it, including the use of while loops and method calls.']}, {'end': 368.617, 'start': 167.974, 'title': 'Debugging in visual studio', 'summary': 'Explains how to use debugging in visual studio to find bugs in a program, including setting breakpoints, running in debug mode, inspecting variable values, and using step over and step into functions.', 'duration': 200.643, 'highlights': ['The purpose of the video is to teach how to use debugging in Visual Studio to find bugs in a program.', 'Debugging process involves setting breakpoints, running the application in debug mode, and inspecting variable values to ensure correctness.', 'One can use shortcuts like F9 for setting a breakpoint, F5 for running in debug mode, F10 for step over, and F11 for step into.', "Inspecting variable values during debugging can help identify issues, such as finding that the 'smallest' variable holds the value 654."]}, {'end': 623.058, 'start': 370.758, 'title': 'Debugging method for finding maximum number', 'summary': 'Explores debugging a method to find the maximum number in a list, identifying and correcting the logic error to successfully return the correct result of 6, using step-by-step debugging techniques and the watch window.', 'duration': 252.3, 'highlights': ['The value of min is one, and the list contains numbers from 1 to 6. The final result of the corrected method shows the value of min as 1 and the list containing numbers from 1 to 6.', 'A logic error is identified in the comparison condition, causing the method to return the maximum number instead of the minimum. The debugging process reveals the logic error in the comparison condition, leading the method to return the maximum number instead of the minimum.', 'Step-by-step debugging and the watch window are used to identify and correct the error. The use of step-by-step debugging and the watch window aids in identifying and correcting the error within the method.']}], 'duration': 621.169, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog1889.jpg', 'highlights': ['Demonstrates debugging a program to identify and fix issues, such as incorrectly returning the smallest numbers from a list.', 'Emphasizes defensive programming and writing reliable code without side effects.', 'Explains the process of identifying the smallest numbers in a list and the logic behind it, including the use of while loops and method calls.', 'The purpose of the video is to teach how to use debugging in Visual Studio to find bugs in a program.', 'Debugging process involves setting breakpoints, running the application in debug mode, and inspecting variable values to ensure correctness.', "Inspecting variable values during debugging can help identify issues, such as finding that the 'smallest' variable holds the value 654.", 'A logic error is identified in the comparison condition, causing the method to return the maximum number instead of the minimum. The debugging process reveals the logic error in the comparison condition, leading the method to return the maximum number instead of the minimum.', 'Step-by-step debugging and the watch window are used to identify and correct the error. The use of step-by-step debugging and the watch window aids in identifying and correcting the error within the method.', 'The video caters to beginner C-Sharp programmers, particularly those with less than six months of experience.', 'One can use shortcuts like F9 for setting a breakpoint, F5 for running in debug mode, F10 for step over, and F11 for step into.', 'The value of min is one, and the list contains numbers from 1 to 6. The final result of the corrected method shows the value of min as 1 and the list containing numbers from 1 to 6.']}, {'end': 867.599, 'segs': [{'end': 660.359, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 623.338, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 625.179, 'text': "But wait a second here, we're not done yet.", 'start': 623.338, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 628.181, 'text': "This program has a few more bugs that you haven't seen yet.", 'start': 625.74, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 630.963, 'text': "And that's what we're gonna cover over the next few lectures.", 'start': 628.761, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 647.495, 'text': 'one thing that distinguishes a good programmer from an average one is that a good programmer often thinks of edge cases.', 'start': 639.412, 'duration': 8.083}, {'end': 651.216, 'text': 'what i mean by an edge case is uncommon scenarios.', 'start': 647.495, 'duration': 3.721}, {'end': 660.359, 'text': 'an average programmer often assumes the end user enters values into the forms the way the programmer expects, but the reality is different.', 'start': 651.216, 'duration': 9.143}], 'summary': 'Upcoming lectures will cover bugs and edge cases in programming.', 'duration': 37.021, 'max_score': 623.338, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog623338.jpg'}, {'end': 780.1, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 673.321, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 682.943, 'text': "What if we only have two numbers in our list? So I'm going to remove these four numbers and run the application.", 'start': 673.321, 'duration': 9.622}, {'end': 687.805, 'text': 'The application blew up.', 'start': 686.884, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 689.305, 'text': 'We got an exception.', 'start': 688.225, 'duration': 1.08}, {'end': 691.606, 'text': 'So close the program.', 'start': 690.765, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 694.587, 'text': 'We got argument out of range exception.', 'start': 692.486, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 696.509, 'text': 'Index was out of range.', 'start': 695.328, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 703.773, 'text': "So what's going on here? When you face situations like this, that's when you start debugging.", 'start': 697.849, 'duration': 5.924}, {'end': 709.937, 'text': "So I'm going to run the application in the debug mode and find where in the code we're getting this exception.", 'start': 704.814, 'duration': 5.123}, {'end': 716.361, 'text': 'What line? So remember our shortcut? F5 to run the application in the debug mode.', 'start': 710.017, 'duration': 6.344}, {'end': 719.903, 'text': 'Control F5 to run the application without debug mode.', 'start': 717.021, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 722.478, 'text': 'So I press F5 now.', 'start': 721.277, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 726, 'text': 'Okay, we stopped at this breakpoint.', 'start': 724.559, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 728.441, 'text': 'I want to continue execution.', 'start': 726.92, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 733.184, 'text': 'So in the last lecture you learned about step over, step into, and step out.', 'start': 729.161, 'duration': 4.023}, {'end': 736.306, 'text': 'There is one more way to continue execution.', 'start': 734.004, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 739.667, 'text': 'And that is continue till the next breakpoint.', 'start': 737.266, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 742.309, 'text': 'So I can press F5 again.', 'start': 741.128, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 746.759, 'text': 'And look, now we are at our second breakpoint.', 'start': 744.076, 'duration': 2.683}, {'end': 749.442, 'text': 'So, so far everything seems to be fine.', 'start': 747.52, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 750.684, 'text': "We didn't get an exception.", 'start': 749.583, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 752.246, 'text': "So let's continue.", 'start': 751.525, 'duration': 0.721}, {'end': 754.188, 'text': 'F5 one more time.', 'start': 753.447, 'duration': 0.741}, {'end': 757.232, 'text': 'Okay, we are back on this line again.', 'start': 754.208, 'duration': 3.024}, {'end': 758.213, 'text': 'One more time.', 'start': 757.732, 'duration': 0.481}, {'end': 761.467, 'text': "Hmm, doesn't seem to be right.", 'start': 759.526, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 767.631, 'text': 'You know what? I want to get rid of all these breakpoints and just run the application and see where exactly it blows up.', 'start': 762.148, 'duration': 5.483}, {'end': 771.994, 'text': "So this is something that often comes up when you're building big applications.", 'start': 768.592, 'duration': 3.402}, {'end': 777.638, 'text': 'You put various breakpoints here and there, and once you fix the bugs, you forget to remove them.', 'start': 772.655, 'duration': 4.983}, {'end': 780.1, 'text': 'And then these breakpoints get in the way.', 'start': 778.299, 'duration': 1.801}], 'summary': 'Debugging an application with breakpoints, encountering exceptions, and finding bugs.', 'duration': 106.779, 'max_score': 673.321, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog673321.jpg'}, {'end': 842.79, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 812.358, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 815.381, 'text': 'You can disable them or enable them or you can delete them.', 'start': 812.358, 'duration': 3.023}, {'end': 818.149, 'text': "So I'm going to delete both of these.", 'start': 817.008, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 821.132, 'text': 'Now I want to restart the application.', 'start': 819.47, 'duration': 1.662}, {'end': 824.935, 'text': 'The shortcut is ctrl, shift, and f5.', 'start': 822.052, 'duration': 2.883}, {'end': 828.138, 'text': 'If you ever forget these shortcuts, you can always find them.', 'start': 825.655, 'duration': 2.483}, {'end': 830.4, 'text': 'Just go to the debug menu here.', 'start': 828.818, 'duration': 1.582}, {'end': 842.79, 'text': "So look, we've got continue, which is f5, stop debugging, which is shift and f5, and now I'm looking for restart, which is ctrl, shift, and f5.", 'start': 832.902, 'duration': 9.888}], 'summary': 'The speaker discusses disabling, enabling, and deleting shortcuts, then restarting the application using the shortcut ctrl, shift, and f5.', 'duration': 30.432, 'max_score': 812.358, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog812358.jpg'}], 'start': 623.338, 'title': 'Programming edge cases and debugging', 'summary': "Emphasizes the importance of considering edge cases in programming and the need for debugging, illustrated with an example of encountering an 'argument out of range exception' when trying to get the three smallest numbers from a list of only two numbers. it also explains the process of running an application in debug mode, managing breakpoints, and navigating through code while highlighting the significance of removing unnecessary breakpoints and restarting the application using relevant shortcuts.", 'chapters': [{'end': 703.773, 'start': 623.338, 'title': "Programmer's edge cases and debugging", 'summary': "Emphasizes the importance of considering edge cases in programming and the need for debugging, illustrated with the example of encountering an 'argument out of range exception' when trying to get the three smallest numbers from a list of only two numbers.", 'duration': 80.435, 'highlights': ['Encourages considering edge cases in programming, as a good programmer often thinks of uncommon scenarios, distinguishing them from average programmers.', "Illustrates the consequence of not accounting for edge cases, as encountering an 'argument out of range exception' when attempting to get the three smallest numbers from a list of only two numbers.", "Emphasizes the need for debugging when facing unexpected errors, exemplified by the process of troubleshooting the 'argument out of range exception' encountered in the program."]}, {'end': 867.599, 'start': 704.814, 'title': 'Debugging application and managing breakpoints', 'summary': 'Explains the process of running an application in debug mode, managing breakpoints, and navigating through code while highlighting the significance of removing unnecessary breakpoints and restarting the application using relevant shortcuts.', 'duration': 162.785, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the process of running an application in debug mode and finding exceptions in the code. Process of running application in debug mode, identifying exceptions in the code.', 'The instructor demonstrates the use of shortcuts such as F5 for debug mode and Control F5 for running the application without debug mode. Demonstration of F5 and Control F5 shortcuts for running application in debug mode and without debug mode.', 'The process of continuing execution, using shortcuts like F5 to move to the next breakpoint, is explained. Explanation of continuing execution and using F5 to move to the next breakpoint.', 'The importance of removing unnecessary breakpoints and the methods to find and remove them are highlighted, emphasizing the impact of forgotten breakpoints on the application. Significance of removing unnecessary breakpoints, methods to find and remove them, impact of forgotten breakpoints on the application.', 'The instructor demonstrates the process of restarting the application using the shortcut Ctrl, Shift, and F5. Demonstration of restarting application using Ctrl, Shift, and F5 shortcut.']}], 'duration': 244.261, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog623338.jpg', 'highlights': ['Encourages considering edge cases in programming, as a good programmer often thinks of uncommon scenarios, distinguishing them from average programmers.', "Emphasizes the need for debugging when facing unexpected errors, exemplified by the process of troubleshooting the 'argument out of range exception' encountered in the program.", "Illustrates the consequence of not accounting for edge cases, as encountering an 'argument out of range exception' when attempting to get the three smallest numbers from a list of only two numbers.", 'The chapter explains the process of running an application in debug mode and finding exceptions in the code.', 'The importance of removing unnecessary breakpoints and the methods to find and remove them are highlighted, emphasizing the impact of forgotten breakpoints on the application.', 'The process of continuing execution, using shortcuts like F5 to move to the next breakpoint, is explained.', 'The instructor demonstrates the use of shortcuts such as F5 for debug mode and Control F5 for running the application without debug mode.', 'The instructor demonstrates the process of restarting the application using the shortcut Ctrl, Shift, and F5.']}, {'end': 1028.426, 'segs': [{'end': 975.1, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 918.089, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 922.072, 'text': 'Now the question is how do we fix this one? We have a few different ways here.', 'start': 918.089, 'duration': 3.983}, {'end': 936.284, 'text': 'One way is to have an if block in the get smallest method that checks if the count that we pass here is greater than the number of elements in the list.', 'start': 923.133, 'duration': 13.151}, {'end': 943.029, 'text': "The reason we're getting this exception is in this case we want three small numbers but the list is only two.", 'start': 937.024, 'duration': 6.005}, {'end': 947.032, 'text': 'So this is one way to solve this problem.', 'start': 944.63, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 951.645, 'text': 'Another way is to put a conditional in get smallest method.', 'start': 948.183, 'duration': 3.462}, {'end': 955.687, 'text': 'So we need to check that if the list is empty.', 'start': 953.146, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 962.67, 'text': "So if the list is empty, what should we do? Should we return 0? I don't think so.", 'start': 957.028, 'duration': 5.642}, {'end': 969.054, 'text': 'Imagine if our original list, I mean this list here, had a number of negative numbers.', 'start': 963.591, 'duration': 5.463}, {'end': 975.1, 'text': 'Then at some point, we get here the list is empty and we return 0.', 'start': 969.934, 'duration': 5.166}], 'summary': 'Fix exception by adding conditional to check list size and handling empty list', 'duration': 57.011, 'max_score': 918.089, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog918089.jpg'}, {'end': 1028.426, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 996.035, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1003.987, 'text': 'So when we get input here, before doing any processing, We wanna make sure that the input satisfies some criteria.', 'start': 996.035, 'duration': 7.952}, {'end': 1006.268, 'text': "If not, we're not gonna continue processing.", 'start': 1004.388, 'duration': 1.88}, {'end': 1009.65, 'text': 'Now, there is a third way here.', 'start': 1007.629, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 1015.372, 'text': "Can you see that? It's not quite obvious, but yet it's very important.", 'start': 1010.61, 'duration': 4.762}, {'end': 1019.213, 'text': 'Look at this method, getSmallest.', 'start': 1017.313, 'duration': 1.9}, {'end': 1022.835, 'text': 'This method has a side effect.', 'start': 1021.074, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 1028.426, 'text': 'So this original list that we sent here.', 'start': 1025.345, 'duration': 3.081}], 'summary': 'Input must meet criteria to proceed; method getsmallest has side effect.', 'duration': 32.391, 'max_score': 996.035, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog996035.jpg'}], 'start': 868.599, 'title': 'Fixing bug in get smallest method', 'summary': 'Illustrates the need to fix a bug in the get smallest method, which causes an exception due to an empty list, and suggests three different ways to address the issue.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1028.426, 'start': 868.599, 'title': 'Fixing bug in get smallest method', 'summary': 'Illustrates the need to fix a bug in the get smallest method, which causes an exception due to an empty list, and suggests three different ways to address the issue.', 'duration': 159.827, 'highlights': ['One way to solve the problem is to have an if block in the get smallest method that checks if the count is greater than the number of elements in the list.', 'Another way is to put a conditional in the get smallest method to check if the list is empty and handle it appropriately to avoid returning incorrect values.', 'The third approach involves recognizing the side effect of the getSmallest method and addressing it to prevent issues with the original list.']}], 'duration': 159.827, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog868599.jpg', 'highlights': ['The third approach involves recognizing the side effect of the getSmallest method and addressing it to prevent issues with the original list.', 'Another way is to put a conditional in the get smallest method to check if the list is empty and handle it appropriately to avoid returning incorrect values.', 'One way to solve the problem is to have an if block in the get smallest method that checks if the count is greater than the number of elements in the list.']}, {'end': 1315.23, 'segs': [{'end': 1089.304, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1028.426, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1038.372, 'text': "we're continuously removing some numbers from it in order to calculate the smallest numbers, and side effects are not good.", 'start': 1028.426, 'duration': 9.946}, {'end': 1044.715, 'text': "They make your methods unreliable and they're often hard to find bugs that are because of side effects.", 'start': 1039.193, 'duration': 5.522}, {'end': 1047.978, 'text': 'Now for a second, I want to stop the debugger here.', 'start': 1046.017, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 1051.68, 'text': "I'm going to put those four numbers back here.", 'start': 1049.919, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 1055.989, 'text': 'So if you run the application now, everything works.', 'start': 1054.209, 'duration': 1.78}, {'end': 1060.049, 'text': 'Okay, we got 1, 2, 3.', 'start': 1058.23, 'duration': 1.819}, {'end': 1062.47, 'text': "But let's iterate over the original list.", 'start': 1060.05, 'duration': 2.42}, {'end': 1065.671, 'text': "So I'm going to change this to numbers.", 'start': 1063.251, 'duration': 2.42}, {'end': 1068.491, 'text': 'Look at the result.', 'start': 1067.751, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 1072.392, 'text': 'Our original list is changed.', 'start': 1070.912, 'duration': 1.48}, {'end': 1074.112, 'text': '1, 2, 3 is removed there.', 'start': 1072.412, 'duration': 1.7}, {'end': 1077.193, 'text': 'And this is what I meant by side effect.', 'start': 1075.473, 'duration': 1.72}, {'end': 1083.074, 'text': "So in my opinion, that's a more serious problem that we need to address first.", 'start': 1077.813, 'duration': 5.261}, {'end': 1089.304, 'text': 'Now that may or may not solve the bug that I introduced at the beginning of this lecture.', 'start': 1084.741, 'duration': 4.563}], 'summary': 'Removing numbers causes side effects, making methods unreliable and leading to hard-to-find bugs.', 'duration': 60.878, 'max_score': 1028.426, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog1028425.jpg'}, {'end': 1222.631, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1123.086, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1132.41, 'text': 'so we create a new list and pass that original list here and then, instead of removing these numbers from the original list,', 'start': 1123.086, 'duration': 9.324}, {'end': 1137.172, 'text': 'i remove them from the buffer and one more change here.', 'start': 1132.41, 'duration': 4.762}, {'end': 1141.694, 'text': 'we need to change this list to buffer.', 'start': 1137.172, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 1144.716, 'text': 'so now look this list.', 'start': 1141.694, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 1147.937, 'text': 'the original list is only used during the creation of the buffer.', 'start': 1144.716, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 1150.526, 'text': "Now let's run the application.", 'start': 1149.505, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 1155.489, 'text': 'Okay, beautiful.', 'start': 1150.546, 'duration': 4.943}, {'end': 1157.31, 'text': 'The original list is not affected.', 'start': 1155.689, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 1159.152, 'text': 'So we removed the side effect.', 'start': 1157.631, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 1165.816, 'text': "Now let's get back to the original bug that I introduced at the beginning of this lecture.", 'start': 1161.914, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 1181.961, 'text': "So I'm going to remove these four numbers and change for each block to look at the smallest numbers.", 'start': 1167.557, 'duration': 14.404}, {'end': 1184.822, 'text': "let's run the application.", 'start': 1181.961, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 1188.104, 'text': 'okay, we still have a problem here.', 'start': 1184.822, 'duration': 3.282}, {'end': 1198.068, 'text': "so in the next lecture i'm going to show you how to fix this problem.", 'start': 1188.104, 'duration': 9.964}, {'end': 1198.748, 'text': 'okay, back here.', 'start': 1198.068, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 1201.529, 'text': 'we want to fix the bug from the last lecture.', 'start': 1198.748, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 1206.832, 'text': 'so we have a list of two numbers and we want to get three smallest numbers in this list.', 'start': 1201.529, 'duration': 5.303}, {'end': 1213.248, 'text': 'And as you remember from the debugging session in the last lecture, this problem happened in this line here', 'start': 1208.027, 'duration': 5.221}, {'end': 1219.09, 'text': 'So at some point, the input list that we give to this method becomes empty.', 'start': 1215.129, 'duration': 3.961}, {'end': 1222.631, 'text': 'And we try to find the minimum number in an empty list.', 'start': 1219.97, 'duration': 2.661}], 'summary': 'Debugging process to fix code, avoiding side effects and addressing empty list issue.', 'duration': 99.545, 'max_score': 1123.086, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog1123086.jpg'}, {'end': 1315.23, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1248.339, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1253.561, 'text': 'Now, both these solutions might sound reasonable, but which one do you think is a better solution?', 'start': 1248.339, 'duration': 5.222}, {'end': 1261.805, 'text': 'I think a better solution at this point is to check if count is not greater than the number of elements in this list.', 'start': 1254.542, 'duration': 7.263}, {'end': 1268.888, 'text': "Why? Because we're asking a question in this method, but the question itself has a problem.", 'start': 1262.225, 'duration': 6.663}, {'end': 1272.99, 'text': 'If the question is meaningless, we cannot get an answer.', 'start': 1269.749, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 1274.371, 'text': 'Let me use a metaphor.', 'start': 1273.571, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 1279.127, 'text': 'Imagine you ask your friend do you eat with a pen and paper??', 'start': 1275.945, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 1280.788, 'text': 'Does it make sense?', 'start': 1279.968, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 1285.531, 'text': 'The question should be do you eat with a spoon and fork or with chopsticks?', 'start': 1281.729, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 1290.394, 'text': 'So when the question is meaningless, we cannot provide an answer.', 'start': 1286.772, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 1299.279, 'text': "So in this case, I'm going to attack this problem by making sure this method gets smallest, gets the right argument as the question.", 'start': 1291.895, 'duration': 7.384}, {'end': 1315.23, 'text': "Now, So I'm checking.", 'start': 1300.3, 'duration': 14.93}], 'summary': 'Proposing to check if count is not greater than the number of elements in the list to ensure meaningful questions and accurate answers.', 'duration': 66.891, 'max_score': 1248.339, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog1248339.jpg'}], 'start': 1028.426, 'title': 'Methods, debugging, and choosing solutions', 'summary': 'Covers avoiding side effects in methods by creating a copy of the original list, debugging and fixing bugs in code related to finding the smallest numbers and handling empty input list, and choosing the right solution by emphasizing the importance of ensuring the method gets the right argument and using a metaphor to illustrate the point.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1157.31, 'start': 1028.426, 'title': 'Avoiding side effects in methods', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the negative impact of side effects on method reliability and debugging, and demonstrates the resolution by creating a copy of the original list for processing, resulting in a bug-free application.', 'duration': 128.884, 'highlights': ['By creating a copy of the original list for processing, the side effects are avoided, ensuring the original list remains unaffected and the application runs without issues. The original list is copied for processing, preventing side effects and maintaining the integrity of the original list, resulting in a bug-free application.', 'Side effects make methods unreliable and lead to difficulties in bug identification, highlighting the importance of addressing this issue as a priority. Side effects have a negative impact on method reliability and bug identification, underscoring the need to prioritize addressing this issue.', 'Iterating over the original list results in the removal of elements, exemplifying the occurrence of side effects and the need for their resolution. Iterating over the original list leads to the removal of elements, illustrating the occurrence of side effects and emphasizing the necessity of resolving them.']}, {'end': 1222.631, 'start': 1157.631, 'title': 'Debugging and fixing bugs in code', 'summary': 'Focuses on debugging and fixing bugs in code, specifically addressing the issue of finding the smallest numbers in a list and the challenge of handling an empty input list, leading to the need for a solution in the next lecture.', 'duration': 65, 'highlights': ['The issue of finding the smallest numbers in a list is addressed, with the challenge of handling an empty input list mentioned. Focuses on finding smallest numbers in a list, mentions challenge of handling empty input list.', 'The speaker mentions the intention to demonstrate how to fix the problem in the next lecture. Speaker plans to address the problem in the next lecture.', 'The original bug introduced at the beginning of the lecture is referenced, setting the context for the subsequent discussion. Refers to the original bug introduced at the beginning of the lecture.']}, {'end': 1315.23, 'start': 1223.971, 'title': 'Choosing the right solution', 'summary': 'Discusses two solutions for a problem, emphasizing the importance of ensuring that the method gets the right argument to avoid meaningless questions and using a metaphor to illustrate the point.', 'duration': 91.259, 'highlights': ['Emphasizing the importance of ensuring that the method gets the right argument to avoid meaningless questions, as illustrated using a metaphor.', 'Discussing two solutions for a problem and questioning which one is a better solution.']}], 'duration': 286.804, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog1028425.jpg', 'highlights': ['By creating a copy of the original list for processing, the side effects are avoided, ensuring the original list remains unaffected and the application runs without issues.', 'Side effects make methods unreliable and lead to difficulties in bug identification, highlighting the importance of addressing this issue as a priority.', 'Iterating over the original list results in the removal of elements, exemplifying the occurrence of side effects and the need for their resolution.', 'The issue of finding the smallest numbers in a list is addressed, with the challenge of handling an empty input list mentioned.', 'The speaker mentions the intention to demonstrate how to fix the problem in the next lecture.', 'Emphasizing the importance of ensuring that the method gets the right argument to avoid meaningless questions, as illustrated using a metaphor.', 'Discussing two solutions for a problem and questioning which one is a better solution.', 'The original bug introduced at the beginning of the lecture is referenced, setting the context for the subsequent discussion.']}, {'end': 1471.622, 'segs': [{'end': 1404.901, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1374.807, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1376.588, 'text': 'So this exception is more meaningful.', 'start': 1374.807, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 1378.99, 'text': "It's telling me why the program crashed.", 'start': 1377.009, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 1384.334, 'text': "So when it comes to troubleshooting, I would have a better idea of what's happening here.", 'start': 1380.271, 'duration': 4.063}, {'end': 1391.9, 'text': 'I would know that the client of this method, in this case, this line here, is sending the wrong data.', 'start': 1385.515, 'duration': 6.385}, {'end': 1395.042, 'text': 'Let me temporarily comment out these two lines here.', 'start': 1392.54, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 1398.745, 'text': 'And run the application again.', 'start': 1397.764, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 1402.699, 'text': 'Read the error now.', 'start': 1402.079, 'duration': 0.62}, {'end': 1404.901, 'text': 'Index was out of range.', 'start': 1403.76, 'duration': 1.141}], 'summary': 'Troubleshooting exception provides insight on program crash, indicating wrong data sent by client.', 'duration': 30.094, 'max_score': 1374.807, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog1374807.jpg'}, {'end': 1456.789, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1428.418, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1430.54, 'text': "And that's why we added this if block here.", 'start': 1428.418, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 1441.618, 'text': 'The reason I add this here is not just to display a more meaningful message is to prevent your application from going in the wrong state.', 'start': 1433.732, 'duration': 7.886}, {'end': 1449.203, 'text': 'Now this is a very simple program, but imagine if this was a big real world application with a database.', 'start': 1442.739, 'duration': 6.464}, {'end': 1456.789, 'text': 'If your application goes in the wrong state, there is a chance that sometimes that state gets persisted in the database.', 'start': 1450.184, 'duration': 6.605}], 'summary': 'Adding an if block to prevent application errors and database issues.', 'duration': 28.371, 'max_score': 1428.418, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog1428418.jpg'}], 'start': 1315.99, 'title': 'Defensive programming techniques', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of defensive programming techniques, emphasizing the significance of meaningful error messages and preventing the application from entering an incorrect state to avoid potential issues in real-world applications.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1471.622, 'start': 1315.99, 'title': 'Defensive programming techniques', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of defensive programming techniques through the example of handling exceptions, emphasizing the significance of meaningful error messages and preventing the application from entering an incorrect state to avoid potential issues in real-world applications.', 'duration': 155.632, 'highlights': ['By adding an if block to check the input before processing, we can prevent the application from going into the wrong state, potentially avoiding weeks of debugging in real-world applications.', 'Using defensive programming techniques, such as adding meaningful error messages and checking input before processing, can lead to better troubleshooting and understanding of program crashes, as demonstrated through the comparison of two exception messages.', 'It is essential to add defensive programming techniques to prevent the application from entering the wrong state, especially in large real-world applications with databases, where incorrect states could get persisted and cause significant debugging challenges.']}], 'duration': 155.632, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog1315990.jpg', 'highlights': ['By adding an if block to check the input before processing, we can prevent the application from going into the wrong state, potentially avoiding weeks of debugging in real-world applications.', 'It is essential to add defensive programming techniques to prevent the application from entering the wrong state, especially in large real-world applications with databases, where incorrect states could get persisted and cause significant debugging challenges.', 'Using defensive programming techniques, such as adding meaningful error messages and checking input before processing, can lead to better troubleshooting and understanding of program crashes, as demonstrated through the comparison of two exception messages.']}, {'end': 1652.557, 'segs': [{'end': 1529.863, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1496.759, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1511.797, 'text': 'So we need to change this slightly to something like So, if count is greater than the number of elements in the list or smaller than or equal to zero,', 'start': 1496.759, 'duration': 15.038}, {'end': 1512.597, 'text': "that's out of range.", 'start': 1511.797, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 1515.238, 'text': 'Of course, we need to change this message slightly.', 'start': 1513.418, 'duration': 1.82}, {'end': 1527.542, 'text': 'Count should be between one and the number of elements in the list.', 'start': 1522.08, 'duration': 5.462}, {'end': 1529.863, 'text': "Let's run the application.", 'start': 1529.043, 'duration': 0.82}], 'summary': 'Change count validation to between 1 and list length.', 'duration': 33.104, 'max_score': 1496.759, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog1496759.jpg'}, {'end': 1652.557, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1621.178, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1626.864, 'text': 'So this is something that I would like to prevent at the beginning of this method, to make sure the question is the right question.', 'start': 1621.178, 'duration': 5.686}, {'end': 1642.439, 'text': 'So if list is null, we throw an argument null exception.', 'start': 1639.035, 'duration': 3.404}, {'end': 1649.914, 'text': 'Okay, so in this lecture, we covered some of the edge cases around this algorithm, and we improved the reliability of our code.', 'start': 1643.809, 'duration': 6.105}, {'end': 1652.557, 'text': 'And that brings us to the end of this lecture.', 'start': 1650.935, 'duration': 1.622}], 'summary': 'Lecture focused on handling edge cases, improving code reliability, and preventing null exception at the beginning of the method.', 'duration': 31.379, 'max_score': 1621.178, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog1621178.jpg'}], 'start': 1473.103, 'title': 'Defensive programming in algorithm', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of defensive programming by addressing edge cases such as count being out of range, handling empty lists, and preventing null reference exceptions, ultimately improving the reliability of the code.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1652.557, 'start': 1473.103, 'title': 'Defensive programming in algorithm', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of defensive programming by addressing edge cases such as count being out of range, handling empty lists, and preventing null reference exceptions, ultimately improving the reliability of the code.', 'duration': 179.454, 'highlights': ['The importance of defensive programming by addressing edge cases such as count being out of range, handling empty lists, and preventing null reference exceptions The lecture discusses the significance of defensive programming in handling edge cases like count being out of range, dealing with empty lists, and preventing null reference exceptions, ultimately improving code reliability.', "Changing the logic to handle count being greater than the number of elements in the list or smaller than or equal to zero The logic is modified to handle count being greater than the number of elements in the list or smaller than or equal to zero, ensuring that it's within the valid range to prevent program execution errors.", 'Addressing the scenario of sending null to the list by throwing an argument null exception at the beginning of the method To prevent a null reference exception further down the track, the lecture suggests throwing an argument null exception at the beginning of the method when the list is null, ensuring the question is the right one to handle.']}], 'duration': 179.454, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog1473103.jpg', 'highlights': ['The lecture discusses the significance of defensive programming in handling edge cases like count being out of range, dealing with empty lists, and preventing null reference exceptions, ultimately improving code reliability.', "The logic is modified to handle count being greater than the number of elements in the list or smaller than or equal to zero, ensuring that it's within the valid range to prevent program execution errors.", 'To prevent a null reference exception further down the track, the lecture suggests throwing an argument null exception at the beginning of the method when the list is null, ensuring the question is the right one to handle.']}, {'end': 1897.445, 'segs': [{'end': 1734.113, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1689.117, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1691.859, 'text': 'Now this is a very simple application with only 3 methods.', 'start': 1689.117, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 1699.504, 'text': 'But often a real world application consists of tens, hundreds or even thousands of classes with a few methods.', 'start': 1692.739, 'duration': 6.765}, {'end': 1703.39, 'text': "So sometimes when you're debugging, you might get lost.", 'start': 1701.069, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 1707.792, 'text': "Now I'm going to introduce you to a window that shows you how you got here.", 'start': 1704.35, 'duration': 3.442}, {'end': 1710.693, 'text': 'This window is called call stack.', 'start': 1708.792, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 1717.136, 'text': 'So you can find it in debug, windows, call stack.', 'start': 1711.594, 'duration': 5.542}, {'end': 1725.98, 'text': 'So this window shows the order of methods that were called from the moment that the application ran up to where you are now.', 'start': 1719.257, 'duration': 6.723}, {'end': 1734.113, 'text': 'the item on top of this list is your current location and the item on the bottom of this list is where you started.', 'start': 1727.008, 'duration': 7.105}], 'summary': 'Debugging in real-world applications can involve navigating through tens, hundreds, or thousands of classes with multiple methods. the call stack window can help track the order of method calls, aiding in understanding the application flow.', 'duration': 28.019, 'max_score': 1689.117, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog1689117.jpg'}, {'end': 1820.237, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1785.322, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1791.767, 'text': 'Now watch window is useful, but sometimes it may get a bit tedious to type the name of variables you would like to inspect.', 'start': 1785.322, 'duration': 6.445}, {'end': 1796.05, 'text': "So I'm going to show you two more windows that are useful in debugging.", 'start': 1792.888, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 1798.232, 'text': 'Autos and locals.', 'start': 1797.011, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 1806.017, 'text': 'You can find both of them under debug, windows, autos, and locals.', 'start': 1799.012, 'duration': 7.005}, {'end': 1808.059, 'text': 'So let me bring it up here.', 'start': 1806.878, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 1820.237, 'text': 'so the autos window is like a watch, but with automatic list of variables.', 'start': 1815.014, 'duration': 5.223}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates useful debugging windows autos and locals.', 'duration': 34.915, 'max_score': 1785.322, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog1785322.jpg'}, {'end': 1881.23, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1847.412, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1849.513, 'text': 'so this saves you time.', 'start': 1847.412, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 1860.562, 'text': 'the locals window is similar to the autos window, so the difference is it does not list all kind of variations that you see in the autos window.', 'start': 1849.513, 'duration': 11.049}, {'end': 1870.19, 'text': 'for example, here we have only list i and min, whereas in autos we also had list.count and listofi.', 'start': 1860.562, 'duration': 9.628}, {'end': 1875.264, 'text': 'So the locals window shows the variables in the local scope.', 'start': 1871.621, 'duration': 3.643}, {'end': 1881.23, 'text': 'So depending on your preferences, you might use locals, autos, or the watch window.', 'start': 1876.365, 'duration': 4.865}], 'summary': 'The locals window displays variables in the local scope, saving time and offering a streamlined view compared to the autos window.', 'duration': 33.818, 'max_score': 1847.412, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog1847412.jpg'}], 'start': 1653.377, 'title': 'Visual studio debugging tools and locals/autos', 'summary': "Introduces debugging tools in visual studio, including the call stack window, and the autos and locals windows, to help developers navigate complex applications, with a focus on understanding the call stack and the usage of debugging windows. it also explains how visual studio detects and lists variables based on the code's context, saving time by providing relevant variables in the locals and autos windows, and offers options for developers to choose based on their preferences.", 'chapters': [{'end': 1820.237, 'start': 1653.377, 'title': 'Visual studio debugging tools', 'summary': 'Introduces debugging tools in visual studio, including the call stack window, and the autos and locals windows, to help developers navigate complex applications, with a focus on understanding the call stack and the usage of debugging windows.', 'duration': 166.86, 'highlights': ["The call stack window shows the order of methods called, aiding in navigation through the application's execution flow. The call stack window displays the sequence of methods called from the start of the application to the current location, helping developers navigate through the execution flow. It is accessed through Debug > Windows > Call Stack.", 'The autos and locals windows provide automatic lists of variables, complementing the watch window for easier variable inspection during debugging. The autos and locals windows, accessed through Debug > Windows > Autos and Debug > Windows > Locals, respectively, offer automatic lists of variables, making it easier for developers to inspect variables during debugging, complementing the watch window.', 'Introduction to debugging tools in Visual Studio, with a focus on understanding the call stack and usage of debugging windows for easier navigation in complex applications. The chapter introduces debugging tools in Visual Studio, emphasizing understanding the call stack window and the usage of debugging windows to aid in navigating through complex applications.']}, {'end': 1897.445, 'start': 1820.237, 'title': 'Visual studio locals and autos', 'summary': "Explains how visual studio detects and lists variables based on the code's context, saving time by providing relevant variables in the locals and autos windows, and offers options for developers to choose based on their preferences.", 'duration': 77.208, 'highlights': ["Visual Studio detects and lists variables based on the code's context, saving time by providing relevant variables in the locals and autos windows.", 'The locals window is similar to the autos window but only shows variables in the local scope, offering developers options based on their preferences.', 'The chapter emphasizes the efficiency of Visual Studio in detecting and listing relevant variables, providing developers with options such as locals, autos, or the watch window.']}], 'duration': 244.068, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/u-HdLtqEOog/pics/u-HdLtqEOog1653377.jpg', 'highlights': ['The call stack window displays the sequence of methods called from the start of the application to the current location, aiding in navigation through the execution flow.', 'The autos and locals windows offer automatic lists of variables, making it easier for developers to inspect variables during debugging, complementing the watch window.', "Visual Studio detects and lists variables based on the code's context, saving time by providing relevant variables in the locals and autos windows.", 'The chapter introduces debugging tools in Visual Studio, emphasizing understanding the call stack window and the usage of debugging windows to aid in navigating through complex applications.']}], 'highlights': ['The debugging process involves setting breakpoints, running the application in debug mode, and inspecting variable values to ensure correctness.', 'Emphasizes defensive programming and writing reliable code without side effects.', 'Encourages considering edge cases in programming, as a good programmer often thinks of uncommon scenarios, distinguishing them from average programmers.', 'By adding an if block to check the input before processing, we can prevent the application from going into the wrong state, potentially avoiding weeks of debugging in real-world applications.', 'The lecture discusses the significance of defensive programming in handling edge cases like count being out of range, dealing with empty lists, and preventing null reference exceptions, ultimately improving code reliability.', 'The call stack window displays the sequence of methods called from the start of the application to the current location, aiding in navigation through the execution flow.', "Visual Studio detects and lists variables based on the code's context, saving time by providing relevant variables in the locals and autos windows."]}