title
Python Tutorial: OS Module - Use Underlying Operating System Functionality

description
In this Python Tutorial, we will be going over the 'os' module. The os module allows us to access functionality of the underlying operating system. So we can perform tasks such as: navigate the file system, obtain file information, rename files, search directory trees, fetch environment variables, and many other operations. We will cover a lot of what the os module has to offer in this tutorial, so let's get started. ✅ Support My Channel Through Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/coreyms ✅ Become a Channel Member: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCezIgC97PvUuR4_gbFUs5g/join ✅ One-Time Contribution Through PayPal: https://goo.gl/649HFY ✅ Cryptocurrency Donations: Bitcoin Wallet - 3MPH8oY2EAgbLVy7RBMinwcBntggi7qeG3 Ethereum Wallet - 0x151649418616068fB46C3598083817101d3bCD33 Litecoin Wallet - MPvEBY5fxGkmPQgocfJbxP6EmTo5UUXMot ✅ Corey's Public Amazon Wishlist http://a.co/inIyro1 ✅ Equipment I Use and Books I Recommend: https://www.amazon.com/shop/coreyschafer ▶️ You Can Find Me On: My Website - http://coreyms.com/ My Second Channel - https://www.youtube.com/c/coreymschafer Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/CoreyMSchafer Twitter - https://twitter.com/CoreyMSchafer Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/coreymschafer/ #Python

detail
{'title': 'Python Tutorial: OS Module - Use Underlying Operating System Functionality', 'heatmap': [{'end': 156.508, 'start': 120.726, 'weight': 0.768}, {'end': 396.492, 'start': 356.856, 'weight': 0.769}, {'end': 427.714, 'start': 409.017, 'weight': 0.732}, {'end': 537.814, 'start': 493.259, 'weight': 0.756}, {'end': 754.3, 'start': 697.866, 'weight': 0.83}, {'end': 998.016, 'start': 966.714, 'weight': 0.773}], 'summary': 'Tutorial covers the os module in python, including navigating the file system, obtaining file information, altering environment variables, file operations such as renaming, and utilizing os.walk to traverse directory trees, providing practical applications and best practices for working with the os module in python.', 'chapters': [{'end': 61.907, 'segs': [{'end': 61.907, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.289, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1.05, 'text': "hey, there, how's it going?", 'start': 0.289, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 6.873, 'text': "everybody in this video we're going to be learning about the os module and some of the useful things that we can do with it.", 'start': 1.05, 'duration': 5.823}, {'end': 12.596, 'text': 'now the os module allows us to interact with the underlying operating system in several different ways.', 'start': 6.873, 'duration': 5.723}, {'end': 19.68, 'text': 'so, for example, we can navigate the file system, get file information, look up and change the environment variables,', 'start': 12.596, 'duration': 7.084}, {'end': 22.782, 'text': 'we can move files around and all kinds of useful stuff.', 'start': 19.68, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 25.564, 'text': "so let's go ahead and take a look at a few of the things that we can do.", 'start': 22.782, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 29.666, 'text': "So, first of all, let's go ahead and import the OS module.", 'start': 26.284, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 35.33, 'text': "Now, this is a built-in module, so we don't have to install any third-party libraries or anything like that.", 'start': 29.726, 'duration': 5.604}, {'end': 39.513, 'text': "Now something useful when you're working with a new module.", 'start': 35.97, 'duration': 3.543}, {'end': 47.177, 'text': 'if you print out this built-in DIR function and pass in the module that you are working with,', 'start': 39.513, 'duration': 7.664}, {'end': 54.282, 'text': 'this will show us all of the attributes and methods that we have access to within this module.', 'start': 47.177, 'duration': 7.105}, {'end': 58.645, 'text': 'And you can see here that with the OS module, there are plenty to choose from.', 'start': 54.462, 'duration': 4.183}, {'end': 61.907, 'text': "Now we're not going to be going over each and every one of these,", 'start': 59.085, 'duration': 2.822}], 'summary': 'Learning about the os module, which allows interacting with the operating system in various ways and accessing numerous attributes and methods.', 'duration': 61.618, 'max_score': 0.289, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/tJxcKyFMTGo/pics/tJxcKyFMTGo289.jpg'}], 'start': 0.289, 'title': 'Understanding the os module', 'summary': 'Introduces the os module, emphasizing its capability to interact with the operating system, including navigating the file system, obtaining file information, and altering environment variables. it also covers importing the os module and exploring its attributes and methods using the built-in dir function.', 'chapters': [{'end': 61.907, 'start': 0.289, 'title': 'Understanding the os module', 'summary': 'Introduces the os module, highlighting its ability to interact with the underlying operating system, such as navigating the file system, getting file information, and changing environment variables. it also demonstrates how to import the os module and explore its attributes and methods using the built-in dir function.', 'duration': 61.618, 'highlights': ['The OS module enables interaction with the operating system, providing functionalities such as navigating the file system and changing environment variables.', 'Importing the OS module is demonstrated, emphasizing that it is a built-in module, requiring no third-party libraries for installation.', 'The built-in DIR function is showcased as a useful tool for exploring the attributes and methods available within the OS module.']}], 'duration': 61.618, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/tJxcKyFMTGo/pics/tJxcKyFMTGo289.jpg', 'highlights': ['The OS module enables interaction with the operating system, providing functionalities such as navigating the file system and changing environment variables.', 'The built-in DIR function is showcased as a useful tool for exploring the attributes and methods available within the OS module.', 'Importing the OS module is demonstrated, emphasizing that it is a built-in module, requiring no third-party libraries for installation.']}, {'end': 484.493, 'segs': [{'end': 90.013, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 61.907, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 69.333, 'text': 'but we will take a look at the ones that I kind of use on a regular basis and also the ones that I consider to be some of the most useful.', 'start': 61.907, 'duration': 7.426}, {'end': 74.498, 'text': "Okay, so for the first thing, let's just print out the current directory that we are in.", 'start': 69.913, 'duration': 4.585}, {'end': 82.966, 'text': 'Now to do this, we can use os.gitcwd, and that stands for Git Current Working Directory.', 'start': 74.918, 'duration': 8.048}, {'end': 90.013, 'text': 'And you can see here, whenever I print this out, it prints out that we are within this folder on the desktop called Module OS.', 'start': 83.446, 'duration': 6.567}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating how to use os.gitcwd to print current directory.', 'duration': 28.106, 'max_score': 61.907, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/tJxcKyFMTGo/pics/tJxcKyFMTGo61907.jpg'}, {'end': 156.508, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 98.118, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 111.663, 'text': "So if I go ahead and just copy this path and this can be any path that you want I'm going to do an os.chdir and that stands for change directory and I'm going to pass in the path as a string.", 'start': 98.118, 'duration': 13.545}, {'end': 120.325, 'text': "So if I save that, and now I'm going to print out the current working directory after we change the directory.", 'start': 112.103, 'duration': 8.222}, {'end': 127.33, 'text': 'Now if I run that, You can see that we were within this module folder and then we navigated to the desktop.', 'start': 120.726, 'duration': 6.604}, {'end': 129.951, 'text': 'So now our current working directory is the desktop.', 'start': 127.35, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 133.834, 'text': "Okay, so now I'm going to take out this top print statement here.", 'start': 130.472, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 138.517, 'text': "Okay, so now let's see what files and folders are here on the desktop.", 'start': 134.814, 'duration': 3.703}, {'end': 144.621, 'text': 'Now to do this, we can use a method called listdir for list directory.', 'start': 138.897, 'duration': 5.724}, {'end': 154.027, 'text': 'Now you can pass a path into list directory, But by default it will list the files and the folders in the current directory, which is now our desktop,', 'start': 145.061, 'duration': 8.966}, {'end': 156.508, 'text': 'since we changed directory up here on line four.', 'start': 154.027, 'duration': 2.481}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating use of os.chdir to navigate directories and list directory contents.', 'duration': 46.503, 'max_score': 98.118, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/tJxcKyFMTGo/pics/tJxcKyFMTGo98118.jpg'}, {'end': 356.856, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 326.455, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 330.258, 'text': "Okay, now let's say that we want to rename a file or a folder.", 'start': 326.455, 'duration': 3.803}, {'end': 334.301, 'text': 'To do that, we can use os.rename.', 'start': 330.658, 'duration': 3.643}, {'end': 339.304, 'text': "So let's say that we want to rename this test.txt here.", 'start': 335.341, 'duration': 3.963}, {'end': 345.288, 'text': "Let's just rename this to, let's see, demo.txt.", 'start': 340.205, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 352.513, 'text': "So when you're renaming files, you want to pass in the original file name first and then the name of the new file that you want.", 'start': 345.768, 'duration': 6.745}, {'end': 356.856, 'text': "So if I save that and run it now, it's in a different order here,", 'start': 352.833, 'duration': 4.023}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating how to use os.rename to rename files in python.', 'duration': 30.401, 'max_score': 326.455, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/tJxcKyFMTGo/pics/tJxcKyFMTGo326455.jpg'}, {'end': 409.017, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 356.856, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 363.76, 'text': 'but you can see that now this demo.txt is within the desktop here and not the test.txt.', 'start': 356.856, 'duration': 6.904}, {'end': 369.383, 'text': "Okay, so now let's see how we can look at some information about our files.", 'start': 365.081, 'duration': 4.302}, {'end': 375.064, 'text': "So let's say that we wanted to print out all the information about this demo.txt file.", 'start': 369.783, 'duration': 5.281}, {'end': 378.666, 'text': 'Now to do this, we can use os.stat.', 'start': 375.445, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 381.947, 'text': "And I'm actually going to have to print this out.", 'start': 379.106, 'duration': 2.841}, {'end': 385.208, 'text': "And for now, I'm going to comment out the list directory there.", 'start': 382.127, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 391.37, 'text': "And I'm just going to print out this os.stat on the demo.txt file.", 'start': 385.688, 'duration': 5.682}, {'end': 396.492, 'text': 'Okay, so a few different things got printed out here and a lot of this can look like gibberish,', 'start': 391.77, 'duration': 4.722}, {'end': 401.634, 'text': 'but you can look up in the documentation online what all of this means.', 'start': 396.492, 'duration': 5.142}, {'end': 409.017, 'text': 'but a couple of useful ones that I usually use is we can see that we have the size here.', 'start': 401.634, 'duration': 7.383}], 'summary': 'Using os.stat to retrieve information about demo.txt. size is available.', 'duration': 26.89, 'max_score': 356.856, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/tJxcKyFMTGo/pics/tJxcKyFMTGo356856.jpg'}, {'end': 433.44, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 409.017, 'weight': 0.732, 'content': [{'end': 416.563, 'text': 'so if I copy that, then I can just do a dot with the attribute there and I can print that out.', 'start': 409.017, 'duration': 7.546}, {'end': 420.106, 'text': 'So the size of that file is bytes, 20 bytes.', 'start': 416.863, 'duration': 3.243}, {'end': 423.97, 'text': "And let's say, for example, that you wanted the last modification time.", 'start': 420.607, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 427.714, 'text': 'That would be this m time right here.', 'start': 424.811, 'duration': 2.903}, {'end': 433.44, 'text': 'So if I printed out this modification time here, then you can see that it prints that out.', 'start': 427.834, 'duration': 5.606}], 'summary': 'Accessing file attributes and printing file size and modification time in bytes.', 'duration': 24.423, 'max_score': 409.017, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/tJxcKyFMTGo/pics/tJxcKyFMTGo409017.jpg'}, {'end': 473.589, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 433.84, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 440.062, 'text': "Now that returns a timestamp, and sometimes people don't know how to get these timestamps in a human readable format.", 'start': 433.84, 'duration': 6.222}, {'end': 454.345, 'text': "So if we want to view this in an actual datetime format, then what we can do is we can do a from datetime import date time and I'm just going to,", 'start': 441.063, 'duration': 13.282}, {'end': 473.589, 'text': "let's see I will save this as a variable here called mod time equals and then we'll just do a print and a date time dot from timestamp and we will pass in that mod time.", 'start': 454.345, 'duration': 19.244}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates converting timestamp to human readable datetime format', 'duration': 39.749, 'max_score': 433.84, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/tJxcKyFMTGo/pics/tJxcKyFMTGo433840.jpg'}], 'start': 61.907, 'title': 'Python file system operations and file renaming', 'summary': 'Covers essential file system operations in python, including printing the current directory, navigating, listing files, creating and deleting directories. it also discusses file renaming using os.rename and retrieving file information with os.stat, including size and modification time.', 'chapters': [{'end': 325.855, 'start': 61.907, 'title': 'File system operations in python', 'summary': "Covers essential file system operations in python, including printing the current directory, navigating to a new location, listing files and folders, creating directories, and deleting directories with python's os module.", 'duration': 263.948, 'highlights': ['Printing the current directory with os.getcwd The os.getcwd method is used to print the current working directory, providing a clear indication of the current location in the file system.', 'Navigating to a new location with os.chdir Demonstrates changing the current working directory to a new location on the file system using the os.chdir method, allowing for easy navigation within the file system.', 'Listing files and folders with os.listdir Utilizing the os.listdir method to list the files and folders in the current directory, offering a simple way to view the contents of a specific directory.']}, {'end': 484.493, 'start': 326.455, 'title': 'File renaming and information retrieval', 'summary': 'Discusses using os.rename to rename a file, using os.stat to retrieve file information such as size and modification time, and converting timestamps into human-readable format.', 'duration': 158.038, 'highlights': ['Using os.rename to rename a file by passing the original and new file names is demonstrated, resulting in the successful renaming of the file.', 'Demonstrating the use of os.stat to retrieve file information, including the display of file size and last modification time in both timestamp and human-readable formats.', "Explaining the process of converting a timestamp into a human-readable format using the 'from datetime import date time' approach."]}], 'duration': 422.586, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/tJxcKyFMTGo/pics/tJxcKyFMTGo61907.jpg', 'highlights': ['Printing the current directory with os.getcwd The os.getcwd method is used to print the current working directory, providing a clear indication of the current location in the file system.', 'Navigating to a new location with os.chdir Demonstrates changing the current working directory to a new location on the file system using the os.chdir method, allowing for easy navigation within the file system.', 'Listing files and folders with os.listdir Utilizing the os.listdir method to list the files and folders in the current directory, offering a simple way to view the contents of a specific directory.', 'Using os.rename to rename a file by passing the original and new file names is demonstrated, resulting in the successful renaming of the file.', 'Demonstrating the use of os.stat to retrieve file information, including the display of file size and last modification time in both timestamp and human-readable formats.', "Explaining the process of converting a timestamp into a human-readable format using the 'from datetime import date time' approach."]}, {'end': 1145.798, 'segs': [{'end': 537.814, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 493.259, 'weight': 0.756, 'content': [{'end': 496.281, 'text': 'then this is a good way that you can do that within Python.', 'start': 493.259, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 502.314, 'text': "Okay, so now I'm just going to go ahead and get rid of all of this so far.", 'start': 496.809, 'duration': 5.505}, {'end': 509.881, 'text': "Okay, so now let's say that we want to see the entire directory tree and files within the desktop.", 'start': 503.335, 'duration': 6.546}, {'end': 518.889, 'text': 'Now, if you want to traverse the directory tree and print all of the directories and the files, then you can use the os.walk method.', 'start': 510.261, 'duration': 8.628}, {'end': 528.751, 'text': "So os.walk is a generator that yields a tuple of three values as it's walking the directory tree.", 'start': 519.448, 'duration': 9.303}, {'end': 537.814, 'text': 'So for each directory that it sees, it yields the directory path, the directories within that path, and the files within that path.', 'start': 529.372, 'duration': 8.442}], 'summary': 'Using os.walk in python to traverse directory tree and print directories and files.', 'duration': 44.555, 'max_score': 493.259, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/tJxcKyFMTGo/pics/tJxcKyFMTGo493259.jpg'}, {'end': 537.814, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 510.261, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 518.889, 'text': 'Now, if you want to traverse the directory tree and print all of the directories and the files, then you can use the os.walk method.', 'start': 510.261, 'duration': 8.628}, {'end': 528.751, 'text': "So os.walk is a generator that yields a tuple of three values as it's walking the directory tree.", 'start': 519.448, 'duration': 9.303}, {'end': 537.814, 'text': 'So for each directory that it sees, it yields the directory path, the directories within that path, and the files within that path.', 'start': 529.372, 'duration': 8.442}], 'summary': 'Use os.walk method to traverse directory tree and print directories and files.', 'duration': 27.553, 'max_score': 510.261, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/tJxcKyFMTGo/pics/tJxcKyFMTGo510261.jpg'}, {'end': 591.124, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 562.481, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 566.942, 'text': 'And then the next value is the dir names within that path.', 'start': 562.481, 'duration': 4.461}, {'end': 572.287, 'text': 'And then the third value is the file names within that path.', 'start': 567.562, 'duration': 4.725}, {'end': 576.591, 'text': 'And we want to traverse this directory tree starting at the desktop.', 'start': 573.268, 'duration': 3.323}, {'end': 587.28, 'text': 'So I could either copy the desktop path here, or I could do an os.getCurrentWorking directory to pass into os.walk.', 'start': 576.991, 'duration': 10.289}, {'end': 591.124, 'text': "I'm just going to go ahead and pass in the path as a string.", 'start': 587.64, 'duration': 3.484}], 'summary': 'Traverse directory tree from desktop using os.walk.', 'duration': 28.643, 'max_score': 562.481, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/tJxcKyFMTGo/pics/tJxcKyFMTGo562481.jpg'}, {'end': 692.563, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 667.289, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 674.393, 'text': 'Then I could just use this os.walk method to go through and search through all of those files and folders on the desktop.', 'start': 667.289, 'duration': 7.104}, {'end': 675.894, 'text': 'Or, like I was saying before,', 'start': 674.813, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 682.718, 'text': 'if you had a web application and you wanted to keep track of all of the file information within a certain directory structure,', 'start': 675.894, 'duration': 6.824}, {'end': 692.563, 'text': 'then you could just go through this os.walk method and go through all of the files and folders within your web application and collect file information that way.', 'start': 683.138, 'duration': 9.425}], 'summary': 'Utilize os.walk method to search through files and folders, collect file information for web application.', 'duration': 25.274, 'max_score': 667.289, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/tJxcKyFMTGo/pics/tJxcKyFMTGo667289.jpg'}, {'end': 754.3, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 697.866, 'weight': 0.83, 'content': [{'end': 706.09, 'text': "Now, let's say that we want to access my home directory location by grabbing the home environment variable.", 'start': 697.866, 'duration': 8.224}, {'end': 708.471, 'text': 'Now, we can get environment variables.', 'start': 706.53, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 712.032, 'text': "I'm just going to go ahead and delete these lines here.", 'start': 708.551, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 717.393, 'text': 'Now we can get environment variables by accessing os.environ.', 'start': 712.512, 'duration': 4.881}, {'end': 726.815, 'text': 'Now, if I was to print out the os.environ here, then it would print out all of my environment variables, but I have a lot of those,', 'start': 717.813, 'duration': 9.002}, {'end': 727.895, 'text': "so let's just grab one.", 'start': 726.815, 'duration': 1.08}, {'end': 737.297, 'text': "So let's say that I wanted to get my home environment variable, which will be the location of my user's home directory.", 'start': 728.635, 'duration': 8.662}, {'end': 741.558, 'text': 'So let me just go ahead and print that out and run that.', 'start': 737.757, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 745.858, 'text': 'And you can see that it captures my home directory there.', 'start': 741.998, 'duration': 3.86}, {'end': 754.3, 'text': "Okay, so now let's say that I wanted to use this path that it gave me with this os.gethome.", 'start': 746.399, 'duration': 7.901}], 'summary': "Accessed home directory location using os.environ, retrieved user's home directory path.", 'duration': 56.434, 'max_score': 697.866, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/tJxcKyFMTGo/pics/tJxcKyFMTGo697866.jpg'}, {'end': 737.297, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 708.551, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 712.032, 'text': "I'm just going to go ahead and delete these lines here.", 'start': 708.551, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 717.393, 'text': 'Now we can get environment variables by accessing os.environ.', 'start': 712.512, 'duration': 4.881}, {'end': 726.815, 'text': 'Now, if I was to print out the os.environ here, then it would print out all of my environment variables, but I have a lot of those,', 'start': 717.813, 'duration': 9.002}, {'end': 727.895, 'text': "so let's just grab one.", 'start': 726.815, 'duration': 1.08}, {'end': 737.297, 'text': "So let's say that I wanted to get my home environment variable, which will be the location of my user's home directory.", 'start': 728.635, 'duration': 8.662}], 'summary': "Accessing os.environ retrieves all environment variables, including the user's home directory.", 'duration': 28.746, 'max_score': 708.551, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/tJxcKyFMTGo/pics/tJxcKyFMTGo708551.jpg'}, {'end': 863.737, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 821.442, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 823.304, 'text': "And sometimes it's easy to forget that.", 'start': 821.442, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 829.209, 'text': 'And some paths come with the slashes at the end and you can double slashes and things like that.', 'start': 823.684, 'duration': 5.525}, {'end': 834.475, 'text': 'So in order to prevent this guesswork, we can use the os.path module.', 'start': 829.67, 'duration': 4.805}, {'end': 839.459, 'text': 'So the os.path module has a lot of useful methods for working with paths,', 'start': 834.815, 'duration': 4.644}, {'end': 847.506, 'text': "but the one that we're going to use in this situation combine the home directory with the file name is os.path.join.", 'start': 839.459, 'duration': 8.047}, {'end': 854.951, 'text': 'Now what this does is it just joins two paths together and it takes away that guesswork that we were just talking about.', 'start': 847.846, 'duration': 7.105}, {'end': 863.737, 'text': "So here I'm going to do an os.path.join, and this takes in two arguments here.", 'start': 855.292, 'duration': 8.445}], 'summary': 'Using os.path.join to combine paths and prevent guesswork.', 'duration': 42.295, 'max_score': 821.442, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/tJxcKyFMTGo/pics/tJxcKyFMTGo821442.jpg'}, {'end': 998.016, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 966.714, 'weight': 0.773, 'content': [{'end': 969.956, 'text': 'So let me go ahead and print out what this gives us.', 'start': 966.714, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 976.681, 'text': 'So if I print that out, you can see that the base name of this entire path is just text.txt.', 'start': 970.417, 'duration': 6.264}, {'end': 984.367, 'text': 'Now if I only wanted the directory name of that path, then instead of base name, I could type in der name and print that out.', 'start': 977.081, 'duration': 7.286}, {'end': 986.568, 'text': 'And you can see that it gives me temp.', 'start': 984.787, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 991.031, 'text': 'Now, if I wanted both of those, then I could use split.', 'start': 987.169, 'duration': 3.862}, {'end': 998.016, 'text': 'And if I print that out, you can see that it gives me the directory name first and the base name second.', 'start': 991.452, 'duration': 6.564}], 'summary': 'Demonstration of path manipulation: base name, directory name, split.', 'duration': 31.302, 'max_score': 966.714, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/tJxcKyFMTGo/pics/tJxcKyFMTGo966714.jpg'}], 'start': 484.493, 'title': 'Using os.walk and working with os module in python', 'summary': 'Discusses using os.walk to traverse directory trees in python, yielding a tuple of three values for each directory, and explains practical applications and best practices of working with the os module in python.', 'chapters': [{'end': 613.421, 'start': 484.493, 'title': 'Using os.walk to traverse directory trees in python', 'summary': 'Discusses using os.walk in python to traverse directory trees, yielding a tuple of three values for each directory, including the directory path, directories within that path, and files within that path, which can be extremely useful for working with web applications or determining when files were updated or created.', 'duration': 128.928, 'highlights': ["os.walk is a generator that yields a tuple of three values as it's walking the directory tree, including the directory path, the directories within that path, and the files within that path, which can be extremely useful for working with web applications or determining file creation or update times. os.walk method yields a tuple of three values as it's walking the directory tree: directory path, directories within that path, and files within that path.", 'Using os.walk to traverse directory trees starting at a specific path, such as the desktop, can be achieved by passing the path as a string to the os.walk method. Traversing the directory tree starting at a specific path, such as the desktop, can be achieved by passing the path as a string to the os.walk method.', 'Demonstrating the usage of os.walk in Python by printing out the directory path, directories within that path, and files within that path using a for loop. Demonstrating the usage of os.walk in Python by printing out the directory path, directories within that path, and files within that path using a for loop.']}, {'end': 1145.798, 'start': 614.581, 'title': 'Working with os module in python', 'summary': 'Explains how to use the os.walk method to traverse through directories and files on the desktop, retrieve environment variables using os.environ, create paths using os.path.join, and manipulate file paths using various os.path methods, with an emphasis on practical applications and best practices.', 'duration': 531.217, 'highlights': ['The os.walk method is used to traverse through all directories and files on the root path, making it extremely useful for searching through files and folders on the desktop or within a web application. It goes through the entire tree of all directories and files on the root path, providing a practical use case for searching through files and folders.', 'The process of accessing environment variables is demonstrated, with an example of retrieving the home environment variable. The demonstration includes accessing and printing environment variables, specifically highlighting the retrieval of the home environment variable.', 'The os.path.join method is showcased for creating paths by combining the home directory and a file name, eliminating guesswork in path creation. Demonstrates using os.path.join to combine paths, removing guesswork in path creation and ensuring correct path formation.', 'Various os.path methods such as os.path.basename, os.path.dirname, os.path.exists, os.path.isdir, os.path.isfile, and os.path.splitext are explained for manipulating file paths and checking path properties. Provides explanations and examples of using os.path methods for manipulating file paths and checking path properties, including checking existence, file type, and splitting file extensions.']}], 'duration': 661.305, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/tJxcKyFMTGo/pics/tJxcKyFMTGo484493.jpg', 'highlights': ["os.walk method yields a tuple of three values as it's walking the directory tree: directory path, directories within that path, and files within that path.", 'Traversing the directory tree starting at a specific path, such as the desktop, can be achieved by passing the path as a string to the os.walk method.', 'Demonstrating the usage of os.walk in Python by printing out the directory path, directories within that path, and files within that path using a for loop.', 'The os.walk method is used to traverse through all directories and files on the root path, making it extremely useful for searching through files and folders on the desktop or within a web application.', 'The demonstration includes accessing and printing environment variables, specifically highlighting the retrieval of the home environment variable.', 'Demonstrates using os.path.join to combine paths, removing guesswork in path creation and ensuring correct path formation.', 'Provides explanations and examples of using os.path methods for manipulating file paths and checking path properties, including checking existence, file type, and splitting file extensions.']}], 'highlights': ['The OS module enables interaction with the operating system, providing functionalities such as navigating the file system and changing environment variables.', 'The built-in DIR function is showcased as a useful tool for exploring the attributes and methods available within the OS module.', 'Importing the OS module is demonstrated, emphasizing that it is a built-in module, requiring no third-party libraries for installation.', 'Printing the current directory with os.getcwd The os.getcwd method is used to print the current working directory, providing a clear indication of the current location in the file system.', 'Navigating to a new location with os.chdir Demonstrates changing the current working directory to a new location on the file system using the os.chdir method, allowing for easy navigation within the file system.', 'Listing files and folders with os.listdir Utilizing the os.listdir method to list the files and folders in the current directory, offering a simple way to view the contents of a specific directory.', 'Using os.rename to rename a file by passing the original and new file names is demonstrated, resulting in the successful renaming of the file.', 'Demonstrating the use of os.stat to retrieve file information, including the display of file size and last modification time in both timestamp and human-readable formats.', "Explaining the process of converting a timestamp into a human-readable format using the 'from datetime import date time' approach.", "os.walk method yields a tuple of three values as it's walking the directory tree: directory path, directories within that path, and files within that path.", 'Traversing the directory tree starting at a specific path, such as the desktop, can be achieved by passing the path as a string to the os.walk method.', 'Demonstrating the usage of os.walk in Python by printing out the directory path, directories within that path, and files within that path using a for loop.', 'The os.walk method is used to traverse through all directories and files on the root path, making it extremely useful for searching through files and folders on the desktop or within a web application.', 'The demonstration includes accessing and printing environment variables, specifically highlighting the retrieval of the home environment variable.', 'Demonstrates using os.path.join to combine paths, removing guesswork in path creation and ensuring correct path formation.', 'Provides explanations and examples of using os.path methods for manipulating file paths and checking path properties, including checking existence, file type, and splitting file extensions.']}