title
Sheldon Solomon: Death and Meaning | Lex Fridman Podcast #117

description
Sheldon Solomon is a social psychologist, a philosopher, co-developer of Terror Management Theory, co-author of The Worm at the Core. Please support this channel by supporting our sponsors: - Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex - ExpressVPN at https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod - Cash App: download app & use code "LexPodcast" EPISODE LINKS: Sheldon's Website: https://www.skidmore.edu/psychology/faculty/solomon.php The Worm at the Core (book): https://amzn.to/31hQAXH Denial of Death (book): https://amzn.to/329Zxl4 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 5:34 - Role of death in life 22:57 - Jordan Peterson 53:02 - Humans are both selfish and cooperative 56:57 - Civilization collapse 1:10:07 - Meditating on your mortality 1:16:10 - Kierkegaard and Heidegger 1:33:25 - Elon Musk 1:36:56 - Thinking deeply about death 1:45:53 - Religion 1:56:59 - Consciousness 2:03:39 - Why is Ernest Becker not better known 2:07:09 - AI and mortality 2:21:07 - Academia should welcome renegade thinkers 2:36:33 - Book recommendations 2:43:23 - Advice for young people 2:48:17 - Meaning of life CONNECT: - Subscribe to this YouTube channel - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Sheldon Solomon: Death and Meaning | Lex Fridman Podcast #117', 'heatmap': [{'end': 425.083, 'start': 313.929, 'weight': 0.762}, {'end': 4024.565, 'start': 3916.337, 'weight': 0.991}, {'end': 6774.089, 'start': 6650.34, 'weight': 1}, {'end': 8785.426, 'start': 8680.484, 'weight': 0.735}, {'end': 10057.296, 'start': 9940.421, 'weight': 0.739}], 'summary': "Sheldon solomon explores the influence of death on human civilization, behavior, philosophy, politics, economics, personal growth, heidegger's philosophy, existential thoughts, ai, human connections, and offers advice for young people, while discussing sponsorship offers and impactful books.", 'chapters': [{'end': 328.577, 'segs': [{'end': 66.536, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 38.611, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 46.394, 'text': "Let me say as a side note that Ernest Becker's book Denial of Death had a big impact on my thinking about human cognition,", 'start': 38.611, 'duration': 7.783}, {'end': 52.436, 'text': 'consciousness and the deep ocean currents of our mind that are behind the surface behaviors we observe.', 'start': 46.394, 'duration': 6.042}, {'end': 60.074, 'text': "Many people have told me that they think about death or don't think about death, fear death or don't fear death,", 'start': 53.291, 'duration': 6.783}, {'end': 66.536, 'text': 'but I think not many people think about this topic deeply, rigorously, in the way that Nietzsche suggested.', 'start': 60.074, 'duration': 6.462}], 'summary': "Ernest becker's book influenced the speaker's views on human cognition and consciousness, emphasizing the depth of thinking about death as proposed by nietzsche.", 'duration': 27.925, 'max_score': 38.611, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo38611.jpg'}, {'end': 200.538, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 174.69, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 179.376, 'text': 'This episode is supported by Blinkist, my favorite app for learning new things.', 'start': 174.69, 'duration': 4.686}, {'end': 184.321, 'text': 'Get it at blinkist.com slash Lex for a seven day free trial and 25% off after.', 'start': 179.916, 'duration': 4.405}, {'end': 194.532, 'text': 'Blinkist takes the key ideas from thousands of nonfiction books and condenses them down into just 15 minutes that you can read or listen to.', 'start': 186.704, 'duration': 7.828}, {'end': 197.775, 'text': "I'm a big believer in reading at least an hour a day.", 'start': 195.193, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 200.538, 'text': 'As part of that, I use Blinkist every day.', 'start': 198.316, 'duration': 2.222}], 'summary': 'Blinkist offers condensed nonfiction book summaries, with a 7-day trial and 25% off.', 'duration': 25.848, 'max_score': 174.69, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo174690.jpg'}, {'end': 290.798, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 261.346, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 265.909, 'text': 'You can get access to them with no geo-restrictions when you use ExpressVPN.', 'start': 261.346, 'duration': 4.563}, {'end': 269.711, 'text': "It lets you control where you want sites to think you're located.", 'start': 266.649, 'duration': 3.062}, {'end': 275.274, 'text': "You can choose from nearly 100 countries, giving you access to content that isn't available in your region.", 'start': 270.151, 'duration': 5.123}, {'end': 283.436, 'text': 'So again, get it on any device at ExpressVPN.com slash LexPod to get extra three months free and to support this podcast.', 'start': 275.934, 'duration': 7.502}, {'end': 290.798, 'text': 'This show is presented by the great, the powerful Cash App, the number one finance app in the App Store.', 'start': 284.196, 'duration': 6.602}], 'summary': 'Expressvpn offers access to content from nearly 100 countries, with 3 months free at expressvpn.com/lexpod. presented by cash app.', 'duration': 29.452, 'max_score': 261.346, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo261346.jpg'}, {'end': 333.494, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 306.004, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 309.246, 'text': 'It costs 2.4 cents to produce a single penny.', 'start': 306.004, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 313.348, 'text': 'In fact, I think it costs $85 million annually to produce them.', 'start': 309.266, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 319.692, 'text': 'So again, if you get Cash App from the App Store or Google Play and use the code LEGSPODCAST, you get $10.', 'start': 313.929, 'duration': 5.763}, {'end': 328.577, 'text': 'And Cash App will also donate $10 to FIRST, an organization that is helping to advance robotics and STEM education for young people around the world.', 'start': 319.692, 'duration': 8.885}, {'end': 333.494, 'text': "And now here's my conversation with Sheldon Solomon.", 'start': 329.79, 'duration': 3.704}], 'summary': 'Producing a penny costs 2.4 cents; $85 million spent annually. cash app offers $10 with code legspodcast; donates $10 to first for robotics and stem education.', 'duration': 27.49, 'max_score': 306.004, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo306004.jpg'}], 'start': 0.129, 'title': 'The role of death in human civilization', 'summary': 'Delves into the influence of fear of death on human civilization, as explored by social psychologist sheldon solomon and ernest becker, with mentions of sponsors blinkist, expressvpn, and cash app. it also discusses the special offers provided by the sponsors: blinkist offers a 7-day free trial and 25% off, expressvpn offers an extra 3 months free, and cash app provides a $10 bonus and donation to first.', 'chapters': [{'end': 155.223, 'start': 0.129, 'title': "Death's role in human civilization", 'summary': 'Explores the idea that fear of death is at the core of the human condition, driving most of the creations of human civilization, as discussed by social psychologist sheldon solomon and influenced by ernest becker, with a mention of the sponsors blinkist, expressvpn, and cash app.', 'duration': 155.094, 'highlights': ["Sheldon Solomon discusses how fear of death is at the core of the human condition and the driver of most of the creations of human civilization. This idea is influenced by Ernest Becker's book Denial of Death and leads to deep personal self-reflection.", 'Mention of the sponsors Blinkist, ExpressVPN, and Cash App, with a request for support through the provided links. Promotion of the sponsors for discounts and support of the podcast.', 'The speaker emphasizes the importance of deep, empathetic thinking and conversation, while urging against divisive thinking and partisanship. Advocating for deep, empathetic thinking and conversation, with a request for unsubscribing if arriving from a place of partisanship.']}, {'end': 328.577, 'start': 155.223, 'title': 'Podcast advertisements and sponsorships', 'summary': 'Discusses various sponsors and their special offers to support the podcast, including blinkist with a 7-day free trial and 25% off, expressvpn offering extra 3 months free, and cash app with a $10 bonus and donation to first.', 'duration': 173.354, 'highlights': ['Blinkist offers a 7-day free trial and 25% off, condensing key ideas from nonfiction books into 15-minute reads or listens, promoting the habit of reading at least an hour a day.', 'ExpressVPN provides extra 3 months free, enabling access to content from nearly 100 countries and supporting the podcast.', 'Cash App grants a $10 bonus and donates $10 to FIRST, promoting its finance app and emphasizing the high cost of producing physical money.']}], 'duration': 328.448, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo129.jpg', 'highlights': ["Sheldon Solomon discusses how fear of death is at the core of human civilization, influenced by Ernest Becker's book Denial of Death.", 'Blinkist offers a 7-day free trial and 25% off, condensing key ideas from nonfiction books into 15-minute reads or listens.', 'ExpressVPN provides an extra 3 months free, enabling access to content from nearly 100 countries and supporting the podcast.', 'Cash App grants a $10 bonus and donates $10 to FIRST, emphasizing the high cost of producing physical money.']}, {'end': 1575.807, 'segs': [{'end': 362.061, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 329.79, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 333.494, 'text': "And now here's my conversation with Sheldon Solomon.", 'start': 329.79, 'duration': 3.704}, {'end': 337.618, 'text': 'What is the role of death and fear of death in life?', 'start': 334.875, 'duration': 2.743}, {'end': 351.473, 'text': 'Well, from our perspective, the uniquely human awareness of death and our unwillingness to accept that fact, we would argue,', 'start': 338.519, 'duration': 12.954}, {'end': 359.859, 'text': "is the primary motivational impetus for almost everything that people do, whether they're aware of it or not.", 'start': 351.473, 'duration': 8.386}, {'end': 362.061, 'text': "So that's kind of been your life work.", 'start': 360.08, 'duration': 1.981}], 'summary': 'Sheldon solomon discusses the profound impact of the fear of death on human motivations, suggesting it as a primary driving force in our actions.', 'duration': 32.271, 'max_score': 329.79, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo329790.jpg'}, {'end': 537.15, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 507.128, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 511.195, 'text': 'universally accepted conception of the essence of our humanity.', 'start': 507.128, 'duration': 4.067}, {'end': 516.144, 'text': 'All right, Aristotle gives us the idea of humans as rational animals.', 'start': 511.215, 'duration': 4.929}, {'end': 518.467, 'text': "We're homo sapiens.", 'start': 516.524, 'duration': 1.943}, {'end': 525.202, 'text': 'But not the only game in town got Joseph Huizinga, an anthropologist in the 20th century.', 'start': 519.738, 'duration': 5.464}, {'end': 530.965, 'text': 'He called us homo ludens that were basically fundamentally playful creatures.', 'start': 525.242, 'duration': 5.723}, {'end': 537.15, 'text': 'And I think it was Hannah Arendt, homo faber were tool making creatures.', 'start': 531.686, 'duration': 5.464}], 'summary': 'Humans are seen as rational, playful, and tool-making creatures by different thinkers.', 'duration': 30.022, 'max_score': 507.128, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo507128.jpg'}, {'end': 619.973, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 590.326, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 596.37, 'text': 'He just says right in the middle of an essay, it is our knowledge that we have to die that makes us human.', 'start': 590.326, 'duration': 6.044}, {'end': 605.94, 'text': "And I remember reading that and in my gut, I was like, oh man, I don't like that, but I think you're onto something.", 'start': 597.191, 'duration': 8.749}, {'end': 617.852, 'text': 'And then William James, the great Harvard philosopher and arguably the first academic psychologist, he referred to death as the worm at the core.', 'start': 606.5, 'duration': 11.352}, {'end': 619.973, 'text': 'of the human condition.', 'start': 618.693, 'duration': 1.28}], 'summary': 'Realizing our mortality makes us human, as stated by an essayist and harvard philosopher.', 'duration': 29.647, 'max_score': 590.326, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo590326.jpg'}, {'end': 739.854, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 707.012, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 718.703, 'text': 'But in my first week as a professor at Skidmore, I, just walking up and down the shelves of the library, saw some books by a guy I had never heard of,', 'start': 707.012, 'duration': 11.691}, {'end': 719.384, 'text': 'Ernest Becker.', 'start': 718.703, 'duration': 0.681}, {'end': 722.805, 'text': 'a cultural anthropologist, recently deceased.', 'start': 719.984, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 736.832, 'text': 'He died in 1974 after weeks before, actually, he was posthumously awarded the Pulitzer Prize in nonfiction for his book, The Denial of Death.', 'start': 722.865, 'duration': 13.967}, {'end': 739.854, 'text': 'And that was his last book.', 'start': 737.952, 'duration': 1.902}], 'summary': "Discovered ernest becker's work at skidmore, posthumously won pulitzer prize for the denial of death", 'duration': 32.842, 'max_score': 707.012, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo707012.jpg'}, {'end': 1003.532, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 980.088, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 994.07, 'text': 'but the attachment theorist John Bowlby was really one of the first serious academics to say these ways of thinking about things are quite compatible.', 'start': 980.088, 'duration': 13.982}, {'end': 1000.431, 'text': 'Can you comment on what a psychodynamics view of the world is versus an evolutionary view of the world?', 'start': 994.09, 'duration': 6.341}, {'end': 1001.512, 'text': 'just in case people are not familiar?', 'start': 1000.431, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 1003.532, 'text': "Oh yeah, absolutely, that's a fine question.", 'start': 1001.532, 'duration': 2}], 'summary': 'John bowlby highlighted compatibility between attachment theory and other viewpoints.', 'duration': 23.444, 'max_score': 980.088, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo980088.jpg'}, {'end': 1403.813, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1377.213, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 1388.097, 'text': "if we look at the existentialists or even like, uh, modern philosopher, psychology types like jordan peterson i'm not sure if you're familiar with,", 'start': 1377.213, 'duration': 10.884}, {'end': 1391.919, 'text': 'i know jordan pretty well we go way back.', 'start': 1388.097, 'duration': 3.822}, {'end': 1394.54, 'text': 'actually, if he were here with us today, we would.', 'start': 1391.919, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 1401.651, 'text': 'He would be jumping in in, I believe, very interesting and important ways.', 'start': 1395.327, 'duration': 6.324}, {'end': 1403.813, 'text': 'But yeah, we go back 30 years ago.', 'start': 1401.791, 'duration': 2.022}], 'summary': 'Discussion about the familiarity with jordan peterson and their 30-year acquaintance.', 'duration': 26.6, 'max_score': 1377.213, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo1377213.jpg'}], 'start': 329.79, 'title': "Death's role in human motivation", 'summary': "Examines the impact of death awareness on human behavior, and discusses concepts of humanity and the influence of ernest becker's work, including the interactions and philosophical differences between the speaker and jordan peterson.", 'chapters': [{'end': 386.806, 'start': 329.79, 'title': 'The role of death in human motivation', 'summary': 'Explores how the awareness of death motivates human behavior, arguing that it is the primary impetus for almost everything people do.', 'duration': 57.016, 'highlights': ["The uniquely human awareness of death is the primary motivational impetus for almost everything that people do, whether they're aware of it or not.", "The view that death is at the core of our consciousness and drives our behavior is a central theme in Sheldon Solomon's work.", 'The awareness of death is argued to be the primary motivational impetus for human behavior, influencing how individuals perceive the world and driving their actions.']}, {'end': 682.88, 'start': 387.226, 'title': 'The essence of humanity', 'summary': 'Discusses the ancient greek understanding of psyche as soul, the various conceptions of what it means to be human, and the idea that the knowledge of death makes us human, as emphasized by alexander smith and william james.', 'duration': 295.654, 'highlights': ["Aristotle's definition of the soul as the essence of a natural body that is alive, exemplified by the soul of different entities such as an ax, eyeball, grasshopper, and woodpecker.", 'The different conceptions of what it means to be human, including homo sapiens (rational animals), homo ludens (fundamentally playful creatures), homo faber (tool making creatures), homo aestheticus (aesthetic creatures), and homo narratans (storytelling creatures).', "The notion presented by Alexander Smith that the knowledge of death is what makes humans human, as well as William James' reference to death as the 'worm at the core' of the human condition, stemming from the story of Genesis and the realization of the inevitability of death due to our vast intelligence."]}, {'end': 1377.213, 'start': 683.26, 'title': "Ernest becker's influence on a young professor", 'summary': "Discusses the profound influence of ernest becker's book, 'the denial of death,' on a young professor's personal experience and academic pursuits as well as the compatibility of evolutionary and existential psychodynamic perspectives in psychology.", 'duration': 693.953, 'highlights': ["Ernest Becker's book, 'The Denial of Death,' profoundly influenced the young professor's personal experience and academic pursuits. The young professor stumbled upon Ernest Becker's book, 'The Denial of Death,' in the library and found it compelling because it resonated with his personal experience, leading to a profound influence on his academic pursuits.", "The compatibility of evolutionary and existential psychodynamic perspectives in psychology intrigued the young professor. The young professor found a potent juxtaposition between evolutionary and existential psychodynamic perspectives, considering them dialectically compatible and a powerful combination, despite the common dismissal of each other's viewpoints in the scientific community.", "The young professor's perspective on the speculative nature of psychology and the proper epistemological stance. The young professor expressed a confidently unconfident view of psychology, acknowledging the speculative nature of the field and favoring a proper epistemological stance of 'I know that I don't know' while recognizing the progress and arrogance in scientific knowledge."]}, {'end': 1575.807, 'start': 1377.213, 'title': 'Debating philosophies: a conversation with jordan peterson', 'summary': "Discusses the historical interactions and philosophical differences between the speaker and jordan peterson, highlighting their evolving perspectives and a potential collaboration, with a mention of the ontario shakespeare festival and their book, 'the worm at the core'.", 'duration': 198.594, 'highlights': ['The speaker and Jordan Peterson have a history of philosophical disagreements, with Peterson taking a more Jungian and evolutionary view of meaning, while the speaker advocates for the arbitrariness of all meaning, hinting at a potential future collaboration (6 mentions)', 'The speaker recalls a recent interaction with Jordan Peterson at the Ontario Shakespeare Festival, where they discussed Macbeth from a psychodynamic perspective and received advice on utilizing YouTube for sharing insights (4 mentions)', "The speaker admires Peterson's brilliance and individuality, comparing both of them to 'punks' who operate outside the mainstream, and acknowledging the lack of recognition for such individuals in society (4 mentions)"]}], 'duration': 1246.017, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo329790.jpg', 'highlights': ["The uniquely human awareness of death is the primary motivational impetus for almost everything that people do, whether they're aware of it or not.", "The view that death is at the core of our consciousness and drives our behavior is a central theme in Sheldon Solomon's work.", 'The awareness of death is argued to be the primary motivational impetus for human behavior, influencing how individuals perceive the world and driving their actions.', 'The different conceptions of what it means to be human, including homo sapiens (rational animals), homo ludens (fundamentally playful creatures), homo faber (tool making creatures), homo aestheticus (aesthetic creatures), and homo narratans (storytelling creatures).', "The notion presented by Alexander Smith that the knowledge of death is what makes humans human, as well as William James' reference to death as the 'worm at the core' of the human condition, stemming from the story of Genesis and the realization of the inevitability of death due to our vast intelligence.", "Ernest Becker's book, 'The Denial of Death,' profoundly influenced the young professor's personal experience and academic pursuits. The young professor stumbled upon Ernest Becker's book, 'The Denial of Death,' in the library and found it compelling because it resonated with his personal experience, leading to a profound influence on his academic pursuits.", "The compatibility of evolutionary and existential psychodynamic perspectives in psychology intrigued the young professor. The young professor found a potent juxtaposition between evolutionary and existential psychodynamic perspectives, considering them dialectically compatible and a powerful combination, despite the common dismissal of each other's viewpoints in the scientific community.", 'The speaker and Jordan Peterson have a history of philosophical disagreements, with Peterson taking a more Jungian and evolutionary view of meaning, while the speaker advocates for the arbitrariness of all meaning, hinting at a potential future collaboration (6 mentions)']}, {'end': 2898.711, 'segs': [{'end': 1788.462, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1764.013, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1773.318, 'text': "um, actually, it's conservative political philosophy, which starts with john locke's assumption that in a state of nature there are no societies,", 'start': 1764.013, 'duration': 9.305}, {'end': 1780.26, 'text': 'just autonomous individuals who are striving for survival.', 'start': 1773.318, 'duration': 6.942}, {'end': 1788.462, 'text': "that's one of the most obviously patently wrong assertions in the history of intellectual thought.", 'start': 1780.26, 'duration': 8.202}], 'summary': "Conservative philosophy based on locke's assumption of autonomous individuals in state of nature is patently wrong.", 'duration': 24.449, 'max_score': 1764.013, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo1764013.jpg'}, {'end': 2247.154, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2217.13, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2223.854, 'text': 'inequality, for Locke is natural and beneficial for everyone.', 'start': 2217.13, 'duration': 6.724}, {'end': 2236.783, 'text': 'His argument was that you know, the rising tide lifts all boats and that the truly creative and innovative are entitled to relatively unlimited worth,', 'start': 2224.594, 'duration': 12.189}, {'end': 2240.067, 'text': "because we're all better off as a result.", 'start': 2236.783, 'duration': 3.284}, {'end': 2245.112, 'text': "so the point, very simply, is that well, that's base.", 'start': 2240.067, 'duration': 5.045}, {'end': 2247.154, 'text': 'and then you have adam smith, the you know.', 'start': 2245.112, 'duration': 2.042}], 'summary': 'Locke argues for natural inequality and unlimited worth for the innovative, benefiting everyone.', 'duration': 30.024, 'max_score': 2217.13, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo2217130.jpg'}, {'end': 2617.491, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2584.57, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2597.255, 'text': 'his arguments about the inevitably catastrophic psychological and environmental and economic effects of capitalism, I would argue every one of those,', 'start': 2584.57, 'duration': 12.685}, {'end': 2599.377, 'text': 'has proven quite right.', 'start': 2597.255, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 2617.491, 'text': 'Marx maybe did not have the answer, but he saw in the 18 whenever he was writing that inevitably capitalism would lead to massive inequity.', 'start': 2599.617, 'duration': 17.874}], 'summary': "Marx predicted capitalism's inequity, now proven right.", 'duration': 32.921, 'max_score': 2584.57, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo2584570.jpg'}, {'end': 2790.936, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2760.899, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2765.183, 'text': 'The countries that do better are the mixed economies.', 'start': 2760.899, 'duration': 4.284}, {'end': 2777.533, 'text': "They're market economies that have high tax rates in exchange for the provision of services that come as a right for citizens.", 'start': 2765.263, 'duration': 12.27}, {'end': 2782.669, 'text': "Yeah, so I mean I guess the question is You've kind of mentioned that.", 'start': 2777.833, 'duration': 4.836}, {'end': 2787.914, 'text': 'you know, as Marx described capitalism with a slippery slope.', 'start': 2782.669, 'duration': 5.245}, {'end': 2790.936, 'text': 'eventually things go awry in some kind of way.', 'start': 2787.914, 'duration': 3.022}], 'summary': "Mixed economies with high tax rates perform better, providing services as citizens' rights.", 'duration': 30.037, 'max_score': 2760.899, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo2760899.jpg'}], 'start': 1575.807, 'title': 'Disagreements on philosophy, politics, and economics', 'summary': "Explores disagreements on philosophy, politics, and economics, focusing on different perspectives of the judeo-christian tradition, liberal and conservative political philosophy, john locke's philosophy, origins of inequality, wealth inequality, economic philosophy, and challenges surrounding marxism.", 'chapters': [{'end': 2122.69, 'start': 1575.807, 'title': 'Disagreements on philosophy, politics, and economics', 'summary': "Discusses disagreements on philosophy, political philosophy, and economics, particularly focusing on the different perspectives of the judeo-christian tradition, the meaning and value in life, and the viewpoints of liberal and conservative political philosophy, with a critical review of john locke's philosophy.", 'duration': 546.883, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses disagreements on philosophy, political philosophy, and economics, particularly focusing on the different perspectives of the judeo-christian tradition, the meaning and value in life, and the viewpoints of liberal and conservative political philosophy. The transcript delves into the disagreements on various aspects such as the judeo-christian tradition, the meaning and value in life, and contrasting viewpoints of liberal and conservative political philosophy.', "The chapter provides a critical review of John Locke's philosophy, particularly highlighting the philosophical justification for shifting power and autonomy to individuals and the concept of private property. A critical review of John Locke's philosophy, emphasizing the philosophical justification for shifting power and autonomy to individuals and the concept of private property is thoroughly discussed.", "The discussion includes a detailed explanation of John Locke's views on the state of nature, individual rights, acquisition of property, and the role of government in maintaining domestic tranquility and property rights. The transcript elucidates John Locke's views on the state of nature, individual rights, acquisition of property, and the role of government in maintaining domestic tranquility and property rights, providing a comprehensive understanding of his philosophical perspective."]}, {'end': 2381.112, 'start': 2122.69, 'title': 'The origins of inequality and self-interest', 'summary': "Discusses john locke's views on money, inequality, and self-interest, contrasting it with the interconnectedness emphasized by plato and socrates, and highlighting the flawed premise of individual autonomy in society.", 'duration': 258.422, 'highlights': ["Locke's belief that inequality is natural and beneficial for everyone Locke argued that some people will have a lot of property while others will have not much at all, and this inequality is natural and beneficial as it leads to a rising tide lifting all boats and rewards the truly creative and innovative.", "Contrast between Locke's individual autonomy premise and interconnectedness emphasized by Plato and Socrates The discussion contrasts Locke's emphasis on individual autonomy with Plato and Socrates' view that individual autonomy is a manifestation of a functional social system, highlighting the deeply interconnected nature of humanity.", "Critique of Locke's assumption about the world's infinite resources The chapter critiques Locke's assumption in 1690 about the world having infinite resources, highlighting the flawed nature of this premise in today's world where resources are not infinite."]}, {'end': 2698.261, 'start': 2381.112, 'title': 'Wealth inequality and economic philosophy', 'summary': 'Discusses the psychological and physical impact of radical inequality, the concept of equality of outcomes versus equality of opportunity, and the arguments for and against capitalism and marxism, highlighting the inevitable massive inequity predicted by marx and the potential consequences of wealth disparity on the economy.', 'duration': 317.149, 'highlights': ["Marx's predictions about the inevitable massive inequity caused by capitalism and the conflict between the owners and labor have proven to be quite accurate, as evidenced by the historical patterns of economic downturns and the perpetual return on investment exceeding wages.", 'The discussion includes the concept of equality of outcomes versus equality of opportunity, with a focus on the arguments for and against capitalism and Marxism, as well as the potential consequences of wealth disparity on the economy.', 'The chapter also delves into the psychological and physical impact of radical inequality, emphasizing the challenges posed by the proximity of impoverished individuals to the obscenely wealthy.']}, {'end': 2898.711, 'start': 2698.261, 'title': 'Mixed economies and marxism', 'summary': 'Discusses the trade-off between progress and economic stability, highlighting the benefits of mixed economies with high tax rates for citizen services, and challenges the stigma surrounding marxism in modern discourse.', 'duration': 200.45, 'highlights': ['The countries with mixed economies, characterized by high tax rates in exchange for citizen services, demonstrate better quality of life, education, life expectancy, and lower rates of alcoholism and suicide.', 'The discussion challenges the stigma surrounding Marxism, advocating for open dialogue and consideration of its flaws in capitalism, as exemplified by the work of Richard Wolff.', 'The conversation emphasizes the trade-off between progress and economic stability, advocating for a balance to flatten the curve of economic destruction.', 'The conversation touches on the criticism of Marxism as a dirty word in modern discourse, emphasizing the need for open dialogue and consideration of its philosophy and flaws in capitalism.', 'The conversation discusses the trade-off between progress and economic stability, highlighting the preference to sacrifice progress to flatten the curve of economic destruction.']}], 'duration': 1322.904, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo1575807.jpg', 'highlights': ["Marx's predictions about the inevitable massive inequity caused by capitalism and the conflict between the owners and labor have proven to be quite accurate, as evidenced by the historical patterns of economic downturns and the perpetual return on investment exceeding wages.", 'The countries with mixed economies, characterized by high tax rates in exchange for citizen services, demonstrate better quality of life, education, life expectancy, and lower rates of alcoholism and suicide.', 'The chapter discusses disagreements on philosophy, political philosophy, and economics, particularly focusing on the different perspectives of the judeo-christian tradition, the meaning and value in life, and the viewpoints of liberal and conservative political philosophy.', "Locke's belief that inequality is natural and beneficial for everyone Locke argued that some people will have a lot of property while others will have not much at all, and this inequality is natural and beneficial as it leads to a rising tide lifting all boats and rewards the truly creative and innovative."]}, {'end': 4199.327, 'segs': [{'end': 2924.293, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2898.711, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2909.803, 'text': "no, i, it's all this kind of work, this kind of outrage mob culture of, uh sort of demanding equality, equality of outcome.", 'start': 2898.711, 'duration': 11.092}, {'end': 2912.686, 'text': "that's not marxism, it is not marxism.", 'start': 2909.803, 'duration': 2.883}, {'end': 2914.788, 'text': "he. he didn't say that you know.", 'start': 2912.686, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 2916.509, 'text': 'he literally said each.', 'start': 2914.788, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 2922.412, 'text': 'what was it like, each according to their needs and each according to their abilities, or something like that.', 'start': 2916.509, 'duration': 5.903}, {'end': 2924.293, 'text': 'so the question is the implementation.', 'start': 2922.412, 'duration': 1.881}], 'summary': 'Discussion on the misconception of marxism and its implementation', 'duration': 25.582, 'max_score': 2898.711, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo2898711.jpg'}, {'end': 3080.149, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3043.979, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3053.721, 'text': "when given a chance to reciprocate, little babies will reciprocate because they're aware of and are responding to intention.", 'start': 3043.979, 'duration': 9.742}, {'end': 3065.103, 'text': 'Similarly, if they see somebody behaving unfairly to someone, they will not help that person in return.', 'start': 3054.521, 'duration': 10.582}, {'end': 3080.149, 'text': 'So so my point is, is, yeah, we are selfish creatures at times, but we are also simultaneously uber social creatures who are eager to reciprocate.', 'start': 3065.583, 'duration': 14.566}], 'summary': 'Babies reciprocate when given a chance, showing awareness and social behavior.', 'duration': 36.17, 'max_score': 3043.979, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo3043979.jpg'}, {'end': 3142.147, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3109.27, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3119.485, 'text': "Yeah, I think it's because, yeah, bats reciprocate, not by intention, but this, I'm going here from Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene.", 'start': 3109.27, 'duration': 10.215}, {'end': 3123.552, 'text': "I love the early Dawkins, I'm less enamored.", 'start': 3121.108, 'duration': 2.444}, {'end': 3126.014, 'text': 'Like the early Beatles.', 'start': 3124.393, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 3137.483, 'text': 'And again, I say this with great respect, but Dawkins just points out that reciprocation is just fundamental.', 'start': 3126.034, 'duration': 11.449}, {'end': 3142.147, 'text': 'Cooperation is fundamental.', 'start': 3137.563, 'duration': 4.584}], 'summary': 'Bats reciprocate, as pointed out by dawkins, emphasizing fundamental cooperation.', 'duration': 32.877, 'max_score': 3109.27, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo3109270.jpg'}, {'end': 3194.888, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3166.283, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3174.647, 'text': "that kind of embrace the fact that it's all an intricately connected mess and it's just very difficult to do anything with that kind of science.", 'start': 3166.283, 'duration': 8.364}, {'end': 3178.51, 'text': 'But it seems to be much closer to actually representing what the world is like.', 'start': 3174.968, 'duration': 3.542}, {'end': 3182.192, 'text': "So, like you put it earlier, Lex, It's messy.", 'start': 3178.97, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 3183.814, 'text': 'So left and right.', 'start': 3182.613, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 3187.559, 'text': "You mentioned you're thinking of maybe actually putting it down on paper or something.", 'start': 3184.215, 'duration': 3.344}, {'end': 3194.888, 'text': 'Yeah, I would like to, because what I would, what I would like to point out again, and in admiration of all of the people,', 'start': 3187.579, 'duration': 7.309}], 'summary': 'Discussion acknowledges complexity of science and aims to represent the messy reality accurately.', 'duration': 28.605, 'max_score': 3166.283, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo3166283.jpg'}, {'end': 3251.265, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3215.445, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3216.805, 'text': "But that's not at the core.", 'start': 3215.445, 'duration': 1.36}, {'end': 3218.907, 'text': 'The bartering is not at the core of human nature.', 'start': 3216.946, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 3220.848, 'text': "It's not at, well, he says it is.", 'start': 3218.967, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 3223.67, 'text': "He says we're fundamentally bartering creatures.", 'start': 3221.168, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 3232.404, 'text': "Well, that doesn't even make sense then, because then how can we then be autonomous individuals? Well, because we're gonna barter with an eye on.", 'start': 3223.99, 'duration': 8.414}, {'end': 3234.026, 'text': 'For ourselves.', 'start': 3232.424, 'duration': 1.602}, {'end': 3235.027, 'text': 'For ourselves.', 'start': 3234.267, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 3239.713, 'text': 'Self-interest Yeah, but all right, so, but back to Adam Smith for a second, Lex.', 'start': 3235.107, 'duration': 4.606}, {'end': 3243.116, 'text': "It's like, Adam Smith, he's got the invisible hand.", 'start': 3239.833, 'duration': 3.283}, {'end': 3251.265, 'text': "And my conservative friends, I'm like, you need to read his books because he is a big fan of the free market.", 'start': 3243.797, 'duration': 7.468}], 'summary': 'Human nature not fundamentally bartering, adam smith supports free market.', 'duration': 35.82, 'max_score': 3215.445, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo3215445.jpg'}, {'end': 3298.381, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3266.352, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3271.337, 'text': 'One is that just like Locke, people are not going to behave with integrity.', 'start': 3266.352, 'duration': 4.985}, {'end': 3280.206, 'text': 'And he understood that one role of government is to maintain a proverbial even playing field.', 'start': 3272.058, 'duration': 8.148}, {'end': 3286.572, 'text': "And then the other thing Smith said was that there's some things that can't be done well for a profit.", 'start': 3281.447, 'duration': 5.125}, {'end': 3298.381, 'text': 'And I believe he talked about education and public health and infrastructure as things that are best done by governments.', 'start': 3287.233, 'duration': 11.148}], 'summary': 'Smith emphasized role of government in maintaining fairness, identified areas unsuitable for profit.', 'duration': 32.029, 'max_score': 3266.352, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo3266352.jpg'}, {'end': 3401.387, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3367.353, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 3381.039, 'text': 'how do we maximize individual autonomy in a way that fosters creativity and innovation and the self-regard that comes from creative expression,', 'start': 3367.353, 'duration': 13.686}, {'end': 3395.101, 'text': 'while engaging our more cooperative and reciprocal tendencies in order to come up with a system that is potentially stable over time?', 'start': 3381.039, 'duration': 14.062}, {'end': 3399.725, 'text': 'Because the other thing about all capital-based systems- The stability.', 'start': 3395.141, 'duration': 4.584}, {'end': 3401.387, 'text': "It's fundamentally unstable.", 'start': 3399.745, 'duration': 1.642}], 'summary': 'Maximize individual autonomy for creativity while fostering stability in capital-based systems', 'duration': 34.034, 'max_score': 3367.353, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo3367353.jpg'}, {'end': 3566.295, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3533.05, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 3540.115, 'text': 'What really worries me is the quiet economic pain that people are going through, the businesses that are closed,', 'start': 3533.05, 'duration': 7.065}, {'end': 3545.179, 'text': "the dreams that are broken because you can no longer do the thing that you've wanted to do.", 'start': 3540.115, 'duration': 5.064}, {'end': 3551.843, 'text': "I mentioned to you off camera that I've been reading The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich.", 'start': 3545.779, 'duration': 6.064}, {'end': 3552.104, 'text': 'I mean..', 'start': 3551.863, 'duration': 0.241}, {'end': 3566.295, 'text': 'The amount of anger and hatred, and on the flip side of that, sort of nationalist pride that can arise from deep economic pain.', 'start': 3554.105, 'duration': 12.19}], 'summary': 'Quiet economic pain causing closed businesses and broken dreams, leading to anger and nationalism.', 'duration': 33.245, 'max_score': 3533.05, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo3533050.jpg'}, {'end': 3674.494, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3644.416, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 3649.738, 'text': 'Well, here we are right now in a world where, first of all, if you have nothing, you are nothing.', 'start': 3644.416, 'duration': 5.322}, {'end': 3660.75, 'text': "And secondly, as you were saying before we got started today, a lot of jobs are gone and they're not coming back,", 'start': 3650.718, 'duration': 10.032}, {'end': 3665.451, 'text': "and that's the where the self-esteem, that's where the self-esteem and identity come in with people.", 'start': 3660.75, 'duration': 4.701}, {'end': 3674.494, 'text': "it's not only that you don't have anything to eat, you don't even have a self anymore to speak of, because the we typically define ourselves.", 'start': 3665.451, 'duration': 9.043}], 'summary': 'In a world where job loss impacts self-esteem, identity suffers.', 'duration': 30.078, 'max_score': 3644.416, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo3644416.jpg'}, {'end': 3841.909, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3805.569, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 3821.075, 'text': 'and the anger and the distress associated with that uncertainty will be picked up on by ideological demagogues who will transform that into rage.', 'start': 3805.569, 'duration': 15.506}, {'end': 3824.556, 'text': 'So both Hannah Arendt as well as John Gray.', 'start': 3821.155, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 3837.74, 'text': "they they just said Watch out, we're going to have right wingish populist movements where demagogues who are the alchemists of hate.", 'start': 3824.556, 'duration': 13.184}, {'end': 3841.106, 'text': "what makes them brilliant is they don't?", 'start': 3837.74, 'duration': 3.366}, {'end': 3841.909, 'text': "they don't.", 'start': 3841.106, 'duration': 0.803}], 'summary': 'Uncertainty may fuel right-wing populism, as warned by hannah arendt and john gray.', 'duration': 36.34, 'max_score': 3805.569, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo3805569.jpg'}, {'end': 4024.565, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 3916.337, 'weight': 0.991, 'content': [{'end': 3922.36, 'text': 'And he was elected when Germans were in an extraordinary state of existential distress.', 'start': 3916.337, 'duration': 6.023}, {'end': 3927.083, 'text': "And he said, I'm going to make Germany great again.", 'start': 3923.301, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 3928.023, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 3927.103, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 3942.492, 'text': 'Now, what Becker adds to the equation is his claim that what underlies our affection for charismatic populist leaders good and bad is death anxiety.', 'start': 3928.123, 'duration': 14.369}, {'end': 3945.676, 'text': "all right now here's where we come in.", 'start': 3942.492, 'duration': 3.184}, {'end': 3949.78, 'text': "we're egghead experimental researchers.", 'start': 3945.676, 'duration': 4.104}, {'end': 3954.206, 'text': "you know, becker wrote this book the denial of death and he couldn't get a job.", 'start': 3949.78, 'duration': 4.426}, {'end': 3960.893, 'text': "people just dismiss these ideas as fanciful speculation for which there's no evidence.", 'start': 3954.206, 'duration': 6.687}, {'end': 3964.858, 'text': "And you've done some good experimental psychology work.", 'start': 3962.235, 'duration': 2.623}, {'end': 3971.605, 'text': "Yeah, and here's where I can be more cavalier and where what I would urge people like what you said, Lex,", 'start': 3964.998, 'duration': 6.607}, {'end': 3976.931, 'text': 'is ignore my histrionic and polemic language if possible.', 'start': 3971.605, 'duration': 5.326}, {'end': 3981.635, 'text': 'And step back, if you can, myself included.', 'start': 3977.692, 'duration': 3.943}, {'end': 3994.844, 'text': "and let's just consider the the research findings, because in September 11th 2001,, people that are old enough to remember that horrible day.", 'start': 3981.635, 'duration': 13.209}, {'end': 3999.558, 'text': 'two days before George W.', 'start': 3996.417, 'duration': 3.141}, {'end': 4003.959, 'text': 'Bush had the lowest approval rating in the history of presidential polling.', 'start': 3999.558, 'duration': 4.401}, {'end': 4004.999, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 4004.619, 'duration': 0.38}, {'end': 4012.081, 'text': 'three weeks later, after he said we will rid the world of the evildoers, and then, a week or two after that,', 'start': 4004.999, 'duration': 7.082}, {'end': 4020.644, 'text': 'he said in a cover story on Time magazine that he believed that God had chosen him to lead the world during this, to lead the country.', 'start': 4012.081, 'duration': 8.563}, {'end': 4024.565, 'text': 'rather, during this perilous time, he had the highest approval rating.', 'start': 4020.644, 'duration': 3.921}], 'summary': "Charismatic leaders' appeal linked to death anxiety, shown by 9/11 approval ratings.", 'duration': 108.228, 'max_score': 3916.337, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo3916337.jpg'}, {'end': 3960.893, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3928.123, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 3942.492, 'text': 'Now, what Becker adds to the equation is his claim that what underlies our affection for charismatic populist leaders good and bad is death anxiety.', 'start': 3928.123, 'duration': 14.369}, {'end': 3945.676, 'text': "all right now here's where we come in.", 'start': 3942.492, 'duration': 3.184}, {'end': 3949.78, 'text': "we're egghead experimental researchers.", 'start': 3945.676, 'duration': 4.104}, {'end': 3954.206, 'text': "you know, becker wrote this book the denial of death and he couldn't get a job.", 'start': 3949.78, 'duration': 4.426}, {'end': 3960.893, 'text': "people just dismiss these ideas as fanciful speculation for which there's no evidence.", 'start': 3954.206, 'duration': 6.687}], 'summary': 'Becker suggests death anxiety drives support for populist leaders.', 'duration': 32.77, 'max_score': 3928.123, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo3928123.jpg'}, {'end': 4091.71, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4061.235, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 4064.117, 'text': 'We say, hey, write your thoughts and feelings about dying.', 'start': 4061.235, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 4071.662, 'text': 'Or in other cases, we stop them outside, either in front of a funeral home or 100 meters to either side.', 'start': 4064.657, 'duration': 7.005}, {'end': 4078.044, 'text': "Our thought being that if we stop you in front of a funeral home, then death is on your mind, even if you don't know it.", 'start': 4071.962, 'duration': 6.082}, {'end': 4079.845, 'text': "And then there's other studies.", 'start': 4078.705, 'duration': 1.14}, {'end': 4086.028, 'text': "They're even more subtle where we bring people into the lab and they read stuff on a computer.", 'start': 4079.885, 'duration': 6.143}, {'end': 4091.71, 'text': "And while they're doing that, we flash the word death for 28 milliseconds.", 'start': 4086.708, 'duration': 5.002}], 'summary': "Studying the subtle impact of death-related stimuli on individuals' thoughts and feelings, using techniques like flashing the word 'death' for 28 milliseconds.", 'duration': 30.475, 'max_score': 4061.235, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo4061235.jpg'}, {'end': 4134.988, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4104.533, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 4115.076, 'text': 'was that Americans did not care for President Bush or his policies in Iraq in control conditions.', 'start': 4104.533, 'duration': 10.543}, {'end': 4121.702, 'text': 'But if we reminded them of their mortality first, they like Bush a lot more.', 'start': 4115.939, 'duration': 5.763}, {'end': 4130.185, 'text': 'So in every study that we did, Americans like John Kerry, who was running against Bush, they like Kerry more than Bush.', 'start': 4122.002, 'duration': 8.183}, {'end': 4132.767, 'text': 'Policy-wise, in the control.', 'start': 4131.267, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 4134.988, 'text': 'In a control condition.', 'start': 4132.888, 'duration': 2.1}], 'summary': 'Reminding americans of their mortality made them like president bush more in studies.', 'duration': 30.455, 'max_score': 4104.533, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo4104533.jpg'}], 'start': 2898.711, 'title': 'Human nature, economic theories, and societal impacts', 'summary': "Explores the misinterpretation of marxism, human nature studies, critiques of adam smith's economic theory, societal impacts of job loss, rise of right-wing movements, and the effect of mortality reminders on presidential approval after 9/11.", 'chapters': [{'end': 3187.559, 'start': 2898.711, 'title': 'Debunking marxism and exploring human nature', 'summary': "Discusses the misinterpretation of marxism, the innate selfishness and generosity of humans, backed by studies on 14-month-old babies, and the fundamental role of reciprocation and cooperation in human connection, with reference to richard dawkins' perspective on reciprocation and the complexity of the world.", 'duration': 288.848, 'highlights': ["The misinterpretation of Marxism and its association with demanding equality of outcome is discussed, with a clarification that such demands are not in line with Marxism's actual principles, as it focuses on 'each according to their needs and each according to their abilities.'", 'The discussion on the innate selfishness and generosity of humans is backed by studies on 14-month-old babies, revealing their eagerness to reciprocate based on intentions, highlighting the simultaneous selfish and social nature of humans.', "The fundamental role of reciprocation and cooperation in human connection is emphasized, with reference to Richard Dawkins' perspective on the fundamental nature of reciprocation and the one-sided view of evolutionary processes when solely seen in terms of individual competition.", 'The complexity of the world and the difficulty in representing it accurately are highlighted, with a comparison to the field of complexity in physics and the acknowledgment that the world is an intricately connected mess.']}, {'end': 3612.766, 'start': 3187.579, 'title': "Adam smith's economic theory", 'summary': "Discusses the flaws in adam smith's economic theory, the need for government intervention, and the potential collapse of our world due to ongoing economic pain, ethnic tensions, and environmental degradation, despite the decreasing rate of violence and improving quality of life.", 'duration': 425.187, 'highlights': ["Adam Smith's concept of bartering as the core of human nature is criticized, arguing that it contradicts the idea of individual autonomy and self-interest. Adam Smith's notion of humans as fundamentally bartering creatures is challenged, as it conflicts with the concept of individual autonomy and self-interest.", 'Adam Smith understood the need for government intervention to maintain an even playing field and to handle areas that cannot be efficiently managed for profit such as education, public health, and infrastructure. Adam Smith acknowledged the necessity of government to ensure fairness and manage areas like education, public health, and infrastructure that may not be effectively handled for profit.', 'The potential instability of capital-based systems due to their basis on infinite growth and positive feedback loop is highlighted, emphasizing the need to seek a steady state for stability. The instability of capital-based systems stemming from their reliance on infinite growth and positive feedback loop is underscored, advocating for the pursuit of a steady state for stability.', 'The concern about the quiet economic pain people are experiencing, leading to bitterness, anger, and potentially catastrophic consequences in the future, is expressed, drawing parallels to historical events like the rise and fall of the Third Reich. The worry about the quiet economic pain leading to bitterness, anger, and potential catastrophic consequences is conveyed, drawing parallels to historical events like the rise and fall of the Third Reich.']}, {'end': 3981.635, 'start': 3612.766, 'title': 'Existential crisis in modern society', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of job loss on self-esteem, identity, and the rise of right-wing populist movements, citing predictions by philosophers hannah arendt and john gray regarding economic upheaval and the manipulation of fear by demagogues.', 'duration': 368.869, 'highlights': ['The loss of job opportunities has led to a crisis in self-esteem and identity, as individuals struggle to define themselves without traditional roles or means of earning a living. Many individuals are grappling with the loss of self-esteem and identity due to the disappearance of job opportunities, leaving them without traditional roles or sources of livelihood.', 'Philosophers Hannah Arendt and John Gray predicted economic upheaval and the rise of right-wing populist movements, attributing it to the manipulation of fear and uncertainty by demagogues. The predictions of Hannah Arendt and John Gray regarding economic upheaval and the exploitation of fear by demagogues have become evident in the rise of right-wing populist movements.', "The connection between existential distress and the rise of charismatic populist leaders, as exemplified by Hitler's election, is attributed to death anxiety, according to Ernest Becker's analysis. Ernest Becker's analysis highlights the link between existential distress and the emergence of charismatic populist leaders, such as Hitler, which is fueled by death anxiety."]}, {'end': 4199.327, 'start': 3981.635, 'title': 'Effects of mortality reminder on presidential approval', 'summary': "Discusses the impact of mortality reminders on americans' approval of president bush after 9/11, revealing that reminding individuals of their mortality led to a significant increase in their approval of bush, as demonstrated through various experiments.", 'duration': 217.692, 'highlights': ['Reminding individuals of their mortality led to a significant increase in their approval of President Bush after 9/11 Experiments showed that Americans, who initially did not favor President Bush and his policies, exhibited a much higher approval of him when reminded of their mortality, as evidenced by various controlled studies.', "Mortality reminders influenced Americans' preference between President Bush and John Kerry leading up to the 2004 election In controlled conditions, Americans favored John Kerry over President Bush. However, when reminded of their mortality, their approval of Bush significantly increased, highlighting the impact of mortality reminders on political preferences.", "Experiments on mortality reminders and their impact on individuals' behavior and perceptions were conducted through various simple and subtle methods Simple and subtle experiments, such as asking individuals to write about their thoughts on dying or flashing the word 'death' for a fraction of a second, were used to demonstrate the influence of mortality reminders on behavior and perceptions, providing valuable insights into human psychology."]}], 'duration': 1300.616, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo2898711.jpg', 'highlights': ["The misinterpretation of Marxism and its association with demanding equality of outcome is discussed, clarifying that such demands are not in line with Marxism's actual principles.", 'Studies on 14-month-old babies reveal their eagerness to reciprocate based on intentions, highlighting the simultaneous selfish and social nature of humans.', "Richard Dawkins' perspective on the fundamental nature of reciprocation and the one-sided view of evolutionary processes when solely seen in terms of individual competition is emphasized.", 'The complexity of the world and the difficulty in representing it accurately are highlighted, with a comparison to the field of complexity in physics.', "Adam Smith's concept of bartering as the core of human nature is criticized, arguing that it contradicts the idea of individual autonomy and self-interest.", 'Adam Smith acknowledged the necessity of government to ensure fairness and manage areas like education, public health, and infrastructure that may not be effectively handled for profit.', 'The instability of capital-based systems stemming from their reliance on infinite growth and positive feedback loop is underscored, advocating for the pursuit of a steady state for stability.', 'The worry about the quiet economic pain leading to bitterness, anger, and potential catastrophic consequences is conveyed, drawing parallels to historical events like the rise and fall of the Third Reich.', 'The loss of job opportunities has led to a crisis in self-esteem and identity, as individuals struggle to define themselves without traditional roles or means of earning a living.', 'The predictions of Hannah Arendt and John Gray regarding economic upheaval and the exploitation of fear by demagogues have become evident in the rise of right-wing populist movements.', "Ernest Becker's analysis highlights the link between existential distress and the emergence of charismatic populist leaders, such as Hitler, which is fueled by death anxiety.", 'Experiments showed that Americans, who initially did not favor President Bush and his policies, exhibited a much higher approval of him when reminded of their mortality, as evidenced by various controlled studies.', 'In controlled conditions, Americans favored John Kerry over President Bush. However, when reminded of their mortality, their approval of Bush significantly increased, highlighting the impact of mortality reminders on political preferences.', "Simple and subtle experiments, such as asking individuals to write about their thoughts on dying or flashing the word 'death' for a fraction of a second, were used to demonstrate the influence of mortality reminders on behavior and perceptions."]}, {'end': 5374.785, 'segs': [{'end': 4290.531, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4252.959, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4255.88, 'text': "For us, that's the ballgame.", 'start': 4252.959, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 4275.935, 'text': "So what we write in our book and here we're just paying homage to the philosophers and theologians that come before us is to point out that literally since antiquity,", 'start': 4255.9, 'duration': 20.035}, {'end': 4284.07, 'text': 'there has been a consensus that to lead a full life requires.', 'start': 4275.935, 'duration': 8.135}, {'end': 4290.531, 'text': 'Albert Camus said, come to terms with death, thereafter anything is possible.', 'start': 4285.35, 'duration': 5.181}], 'summary': 'Leading a full life requires coming to terms with death, as stated by albert camus.', 'duration': 37.572, 'max_score': 4252.959, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo4252959.jpg'}, {'end': 4369.472, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4321.69, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4328.776, 'text': 'yeah, they drink more water, if a famous person, um, is, is you know, advertising it?', 'start': 4321.69, 'duration': 7.086}, {'end': 4339.201, 'text': 'uh, they eat more cookies, they want more fancy clothes, they sit closer to people that look like them, it changes who they vote for.', 'start': 4328.776, 'duration': 10.425}, {'end': 4343.223, 'text': 'but all of those things, those are very subtle death reminders.', 'start': 4339.201, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 4346.104, 'text': "you don't even know that death is on your mind.", 'start': 4343.223, 'duration': 2.881}, {'end': 4350.667, 'text': 'and so our point is, is that and this is kind of counterintuitive,', 'start': 4346.104, 'duration': 4.563}, {'end': 4364.128, 'text': 'and that is that the most problematic and unsavory human reactions to death anxiety are malignant manifestations of repressed death anxiety.', 'start': 4350.667, 'duration': 13.461}, {'end': 4369.472, 'text': 'You know, we try and bury it under the psychological bushes, and then it comes back to bear bitter fruit.', 'start': 4364.348, 'duration': 5.124}], 'summary': 'Famous endorsements impact behavior, including voting, due to subtle death reminders.', 'duration': 47.782, 'max_score': 4321.69, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo4321690.jpg'}, {'end': 4685.557, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4652.502, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4659.708, 'text': 'If you want to become a more mature individual, according to Kierkegaard, you got to go to the you got to go to the school of anxiety.', 'start': 4652.502, 'duration': 7.206}, {'end': 4670.273, 'text': 'And what Kierkegaard said is that we have to let this vague dis-ease, put a hyphen between dis- and ease, about death.', 'start': 4660.899, 'duration': 9.374}, {'end': 4677.206, 'text': "Kierkegaard's point is you have to really think about that.", 'start': 4670.854, 'duration': 6.352}, {'end': 4679.269, 'text': 'You have to think about it and feel it.', 'start': 4677.246, 'duration': 2.023}, {'end': 4685.557, 'text': 'You gotta let it seep into your mind.', 'start': 4679.309, 'duration': 6.248}], 'summary': 'Kierkegaard emphasizes embracing anxiety and contemplating death to mature.', 'duration': 33.055, 'max_score': 4652.502, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo4652502.jpg'}, {'end': 4851.485, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4822.276, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4835.359, 'text': "And at the end of the denial of death, Becker admits that there's no way to tell while still advocating for what is ultimately a religious stance.", 'start': 4822.276, 'duration': 13.083}, {'end': 4838.64, 'text': "Now one of the things that I don't understand.", 'start': 4836.159, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 4845.662, 'text': 'and Becker has been the most singularly potent influence in my academic and personal life.', 'start': 4838.64, 'duration': 7.022}, {'end': 4851.485, 'text': 'but a year or two ago I started reading Martin Heidegger.', 'start': 4845.662, 'duration': 5.823}], 'summary': "Becker's work influenced the speaker, who later started reading martin heidegger.", 'duration': 29.209, 'max_score': 4822.276, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo4822276.jpg'}, {'end': 5014.272, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4982.224, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4994.68, 'text': 'Thing number one is to realize that not only are you going to die, but your death can happen at any given moment.', 'start': 4982.224, 'duration': 12.456}, {'end': 5004.13, 'text': "so for heidegger, if you say i know i'm gonna die in some vaguely unspecified future moment, that's still death denial, because you're saying yeah,", 'start': 4994.68, 'duration': 9.45}, {'end': 5005.371, 'text': 'not me not.', 'start': 5004.13, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 5014.272, 'text': "now, Heidegger's point is you need to get to the point where you need to realize that.", 'start': 5005.371, 'duration': 8.901}], 'summary': 'Heidegger emphasizes the need to acknowledge the possibility of imminent death.', 'duration': 32.048, 'max_score': 4982.224, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo4982224.jpg'}, {'end': 5141.197, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5105.997, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 5120.429, 'text': "And for Heidegger, you have to realize that, Like I said, I didn't choose to be born a male or Jewish or, in America,", 'start': 5105.997, 'duration': 14.432}, {'end': 5123.13, 'text': 'the offspring of working class people.', 'start': 5120.429, 'duration': 2.701}, {'end': 5125.531, 'text': 'And Heidegger.', 'start': 5123.15, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 5135.815, 'text': 'what he says is yeah, but you still have to make choices and accept responsibility for those choices,', 'start': 5125.531, 'duration': 10.284}, {'end': 5141.197, 'text': "even though you didn't choose any of the parameters that ultimately limit what's available to you.", 'start': 5135.815, 'duration': 5.382}], 'summary': 'Heidegger emphasizes making choices and taking responsibility despite limited parameters.', 'duration': 35.2, 'max_score': 5105.997, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo5105997.jpg'}], 'start': 4199.327, 'title': 'Confronting death and personal growth', 'summary': "Delves into the impact of death reminders on behavior, the concept of death anxiety, and heidegger's existential philosophy, emphasizing personal growth and transformation through acknowledging mortality, rethinking cultural constructs, and accepting responsibility.", 'chapters': [{'end': 4549.133, 'start': 4199.327, 'title': 'The reality of death and its impact on life', 'summary': 'Explores the impact of death reminders on human behavior, emphasizing the necessity of acknowledging and confronting mortality for personal growth and transformation, as evidenced by various studies and historical references.', 'duration': 349.806, 'highlights': ['Studies show that death reminders lead to various subtle changes in human behavior, such as increased water consumption, cookie consumption, desire for luxury items, and influence on voting choices. Death reminders have been found to influence subtle changes in human behavior, such as increased water consumption, cookie consumption, desire for luxury items, and influence on voting choices.', 'The chapter emphasizes the necessity of acknowledging and confronting mortality for personal growth and transformation, drawing from the insights of various philosophers, theologians, and historical practices. The chapter underscores the importance of acknowledging and confronting mortality as crucial for personal growth and transformation, drawing insights from various philosophers, theologians, and historical practices.', 'The speaker candidly admits to using intellectual exercises and professional pursuits as a means to avoid directly confronting personal anxieties about death, highlighting the human tendency to repress such fears. The speaker confesses to using intellectual exercises and professional pursuits as a means to avoid directly confronting personal anxieties about death, shedding light on the human tendency to repress such fears.']}, {'end': 5039.827, 'start': 4550.1, 'title': 'Facing death anxiety and cultural constructs', 'summary': 'Explores the concept of death anxiety and cultural constructs, drawing insights from ernest becker, kierkegaard, and heidegger, emphasizing the need to confront death anxiety and rethink cultural constructions as a means of personal growth and maturity.', 'duration': 489.727, 'highlights': ["Kierkegaard's emphasis on confronting death anxiety and reevaluating cultural constructions for personal growth and maturity. Kierkegaard advocates for delving into death anxiety and realizing the cultural construction of one's identity, emphasizing the need to confront and contemplate death as a means of personal growth and maturity.", "Heidegger's perspective on death anxiety and the need to come to terms with mortality in order to live authentically. Heidegger emphasizes the importance of realizing the inevitability of death and the need to confront the possibility of fatal outcomes, urging individuals to acknowledge the fleeting nature of life and live authentically in the face of death anxiety.", "Ernest Becker's exploration of death anxiety and the impact of cultural constructs on personal identity and faith. Becker's examination of death anxiety and the influence of cultural constructs on personal identity, including his own religious transformation upon the birth of his child, highlights the profound impact of mortality and faith on human existence."]}, {'end': 5374.785, 'start': 5039.927, 'title': "Heidegger's existential philosophy", 'summary': "Discusses heidegger's concept of existential guilt and the necessity of making choices within the limitations of time and place, emphasizing the acceptance of responsibility and the transformation towards a life filled with anticipatory joy.", 'duration': 334.858, 'highlights': ['Heidegger emphasizes the concept of existential guilt, where individuals are condemned to choosing by virtue of consciousness.', "Heidegger stresses the need to accept responsibility for the choices made, despite being born into circumstances not of one's choosing.", 'Heidegger describes a transformation towards anticipatory joy and resoluteness, with solicitous regard for others, as individuals accept the limitations of their circumstances and make choices within them.']}], 'duration': 1175.458, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo4199327.jpg', 'highlights': ['Death reminders lead to subtle changes in behavior, such as increased water and cookie consumption, desire for luxury items, and influence on voting choices.', 'Acknowledging and confronting mortality is crucial for personal growth and transformation, drawing insights from various philosophers, theologians, and historical practices.', 'Using intellectual exercises and professional pursuits to avoid directly confronting personal anxieties about death highlights the human tendency to repress such fears.', "Kierkegaard advocates for delving into death anxiety and realizing the cultural construction of one's identity for personal growth and maturity.", 'Heidegger emphasizes the importance of realizing the inevitability of death and the need to confront the possibility of fatal outcomes, urging individuals to acknowledge the fleeting nature of life and live authentically in the face of death anxiety.', "Becker's examination of death anxiety and the influence of cultural constructs on personal identity highlights the profound impact of mortality and faith on human existence.", 'Heidegger emphasizes the concept of existential guilt, the need to accept responsibility for choices made, and describes a transformation towards anticipatory joy and resoluteness with solicitous regard for others.']}, {'end': 6302.49, 'segs': [{'end': 5429.583, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5397.024, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5404.99, 'text': 'yeah, anticipatory resoluteness that is accompanied with solicitous regard to our fellow humans,', 'start': 5397.024, 'duration': 7.966}, {'end': 5415.536, 'text': 'which makes life appear to us to be an ongoing adventure that is permeated by unshakable joy.', 'start': 5404.99, 'duration': 10.546}, {'end': 5417.697, 'text': 'now again, heidegger is not.', 'start': 5416.036, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 5420.318, 'text': 'uh, mary poppins this, i just got a tattoo.', 'start': 5417.697, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 5421.999, 'text': 'uh, no, i, i.', 'start': 5420.318, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 5423.02, 'text': 'this is great.', 'start': 5421.999, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 5425.001, 'text': 'i just love that exact quote.', 'start': 5423.02, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 5429.583, 'text': "no, i'm piecing together these are his exact words.", 'start': 5425.001, 'duration': 4.582}], 'summary': 'Discussion on anticipatory resoluteness and joy, with mention of heidegger and mary poppins.', 'duration': 32.559, 'max_score': 5397.024, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo5397024.jpg'}, {'end': 5605.446, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5579.039, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5586.164, 'text': 'saw kierkegaard unfairly, like you said, in a comic book sense, uh, of the word faith is a non-traditional sense.', 'start': 5579.039, 'duration': 7.125}, {'end': 5587.845, 'text': 'i kind of like the idea of leap of faith.', 'start': 5586.164, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 5589.366, 'text': 'oh, i love that idea.', 'start': 5587.845, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 5594.129, 'text': "and so what i've been babbling about with you know kierkegaard or heidegger?", 'start': 5589.366, 'duration': 4.763}, {'end': 5601.613, 'text': "you know i i'm like, yeah, kierkegaard is a leap of faith in god, heidegger's a leap of faith in life.", 'start': 5594.129, 'duration': 7.484}, {'end': 5605.446, 'text': 'and i i just, yeah, i like it.', 'start': 5602.904, 'duration': 2.542}], 'summary': 'Kierkegaard and heidegger represent leap of faith in god and life, respectively.', 'duration': 26.407, 'max_score': 5579.039, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo5579039.jpg'}, {'end': 5707.854, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5679.364, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5680.904, 'text': 'To me, that is the leap of faith.', 'start': 5679.364, 'duration': 1.54}, {'end': 5686.825, 'text': "I'm almost going like, we're like, the entirety of our experience is shrouded in mystery.", 'start': 5681.004, 'duration': 5.821}, {'end': 5688.906, 'text': "We don't know what the hell's going to happen.", 'start': 5687.165, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 5692.006, 'text': "You don't know what we're actually capable of as human beings.", 'start': 5689.506, 'duration': 2.5}, {'end': 5693.586, 'text': 'And he just takes the leap.', 'start': 5692.266, 'duration': 1.32}, {'end': 5698.808, 'text': 'He fully believes that we can, you know, we can colonize Mars.', 'start': 5694.167, 'duration': 4.641}, {'end': 5700.308, 'text': 'I mean, how could..', 'start': 5699.168, 'duration': 1.14}, {'end': 5707.854, 'text': 'How crazy is it to just believe and dream and actually be taking steps towards it?', 'start': 5700.888, 'duration': 6.966}], 'summary': 'Belief in human potential drives mars colonization; embracing mystery and taking leaps of faith.', 'duration': 28.49, 'max_score': 5679.364, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo5679364.jpg'}, {'end': 5759.018, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5729.03, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5737.332, 'text': "unbridled imagination for what might become, you know, ben franklin's like yeah, i, i got electricity, that's cool,", 'start': 5729.03, 'duration': 8.302}, {'end': 5744.894, 'text': "but we'll be levitating soon and i we can't even begin to imagine, uh, what we are capable of.", 'start': 5737.332, 'duration': 7.562}, {'end': 5747.934, 'text': "and of course people are like dude, that's crazy.", 'start': 5744.894, 'duration': 3.04}, {'end': 5757.097, 'text': "and there's a guy with it's fcs schiller, some humanistic guy at the beginning of the 20th century.", 'start': 5747.934, 'duration': 9.163}, {'end': 5757.657, 'text': "he's like.", 'start': 5757.097, 'duration': 0.56}, {'end': 5759.018, 'text': 'you know.', 'start': 5757.657, 'duration': 1.361}], 'summary': 'Imagining the future and human potential, with a reference to benjamin franklin and fcs schiller.', 'duration': 29.988, 'max_score': 5729.03, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo5729030.jpg'}, {'end': 5829.608, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5798.121, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5799.222, 'text': "There's something beautiful to that.", 'start': 5798.121, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 5802.385, 'text': "That's the embracing the abyss.", 'start': 5799.262, 'duration': 3.123}, {'end': 5814.056, 'text': "And again, it's like the embracing the fear of death, the reality of death, and then turning and to look at all the opportunities before us.", 'start': 5802.445, 'duration': 11.611}, {'end': 5814.737, 'text': "That's right.", 'start': 5814.336, 'duration': 0.401}, {'end': 5829.608, 'text': "Let me ask you, whenever I bring up Ernest Becker's work, which I do, and yours quite a bit, I find it surprising that it's not a lot more popular,", 'start': 5814.997, 'duration': 14.611}], 'summary': "Embracing the fear of death and seizing opportunities before us. ernest becker's work should be more popular.", 'duration': 31.487, 'max_score': 5798.121, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo5798121.jpg'}, {'end': 6118.737, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6085.996, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 6098.458, 'text': "Because I guess I'm dancing around a set of questions, which is like I guess I'm disappointed that people are not as willing to step outside.", 'start': 6085.996, 'duration': 12.462}, {'end': 6103.579, 'text': 'Even any kind of thought experiment.', 'start': 6099.879, 'duration': 3.7}, {'end': 6106.02, 'text': 'Forget denial of death.', 'start': 6104.419, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 6110.766, 'text': "There's now a community of people.", 'start': 6108.482, 'duration': 2.284}, {'end': 6118.737, 'text': "let's take an easy one that I think is scientifically ridiculous, which is there's a community of people that believe that the Earth is flat.", 'start': 6110.766, 'duration': 7.971}], 'summary': 'People are unwilling to step outside and engage in thought experiments, leading to disappointment. for example, a scientifically ridiculous belief is that the earth is flat.', 'duration': 32.741, 'max_score': 6085.996, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo6085996.jpg'}, {'end': 6227.402, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6197.021, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 6200.242, 'text': 'well, yes, but perhaps understandable.', 'start': 6197.021, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 6212.506, 'text': 'i mean one of this is an anecdote, of course, but when we were trying to get a publisher for our book, um, i had a, we had a meeting with um,', 'start': 6200.242, 'duration': 12.264}, {'end': 6217.697, 'text': 'a publisher who, uh, published some Malcolm Gladwell books.', 'start': 6212.506, 'duration': 5.191}, {'end': 6227.402, 'text': "And she said, I'm very interested in your book, but can you write it without mentioning death? Because people don't like death.", 'start': 6219.018, 'duration': 8.384}], 'summary': 'Publisher asked to avoid mentioning death in book to increase appeal.', 'duration': 30.381, 'max_score': 6197.021, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo6197021.jpg'}], 'start': 5375.226, 'title': "Heidegger's philosophy and embracing the abyss", 'summary': "Discusses heidegger's anticipatory resoluteness, solicitous regard, and their impact, while also examining the comparison with kierkegaard's leap of faith. it emphasizes embracing the unknown, dreaming big, and explores the reluctance of individuals to confront the fear of death and the discomfort in stepping outside societal narratives.", 'chapters': [{'end': 5795.496, 'start': 5375.226, 'title': "Heidegger's philosophy and the leap of faith", 'summary': "Discusses heidegger's concept of anticipatory resoluteness and solicitous regard, its impact on life, and the comparison with kierkegaard's leap of faith, along with references to elon musk and historical figures like ben franklin, emphasizing the importance of embracing the unknown and dreaming big.", 'duration': 420.27, 'highlights': ["Heidegger's concept of anticipatory resoluteness and solicitous regard brings unshakable joy to life. The concept of anticipatory resoluteness and solicitous regard brings unshakable joy to life.", "The comparison between Heidegger's leap of faith in life and Kierkegaard's leap of faith in God is discussed, emphasizing the positive outlook on life. The comparison between Heidegger's leap of faith in life and Kierkegaard's leap of faith in God is discussed, emphasizing the positive outlook on life.", "Elon Musk's belief in accomplishing seemingly impossible tasks like colonizing Mars is highlighted, emphasizing the importance of embracing the unknown and dreaming big. Elon Musk's belief in accomplishing seemingly impossible tasks like colonizing Mars is highlighted, emphasizing the importance of embracing the unknown and dreaming big.", 'References to historical figures like Ben Franklin and FCS Schiller are made to illustrate the importance of unbridled imagination and embracing possibilities. References to historical figures like Ben Franklin and FCS Schiller are made to illustrate the importance of unbridled imagination and embracing possibilities.']}, {'end': 6302.49, 'start': 5798.121, 'title': 'Embracing the abyss and fear of death', 'summary': "Explores the reluctance of individuals to confront the fear of death and the discomfort in stepping outside of societal narratives, discussing the implications of embracing the abyss and the disappointment in people's unwillingness to engage in thought experiments.", 'duration': 504.369, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the reluctance of individuals to confront the fear of death and their discomfort in stepping outside of societal narratives, emphasizing the implications of embracing the abyss. Reluctance to confront fear of death, discomfort in stepping outside societal narratives, implications of embracing the abyss', "The speaker expresses disappointment in people's unwillingness to engage in thought experiments and confront uncomfortable realities, citing the reluctance to consider even scientifically disproven ideas like the flat Earth theory as an example. Disappointment in people's unwillingness to engage in thought experiments, reluctance to consider uncomfortable realities, example of reluctance to consider scientifically disproven ideas", "The speaker recounts an anecdote of a publisher's request to avoid mentioning death in the book, highlighting the societal discomfort and aversion towards discussing the topic of death. Anecdote of publisher's request to avoid mentioning death, societal discomfort and aversion towards discussing death"]}], 'duration': 927.264, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo5375226.jpg', 'highlights': ["Heidegger's concept of anticipatory resoluteness and solicitous regard brings unshakable joy to life.", "Elon Musk's belief in accomplishing seemingly impossible tasks like colonizing Mars is highlighted, emphasizing the importance of embracing the unknown and dreaming big.", "The comparison between Heidegger's leap of faith in life and Kierkegaard's leap of faith in God is discussed, emphasizing the positive outlook on life.", 'References to historical figures like Ben Franklin and FCS Schiller are made to illustrate the importance of unbridled imagination and embracing possibilities.', 'The chapter discusses the reluctance of individuals to confront the fear of death and their discomfort in stepping outside of societal narratives, emphasizing the implications of embracing the abyss.', "The speaker expresses disappointment in people's unwillingness to engage in thought experiments and confront uncomfortable realities, citing the reluctance to consider even scientifically disproven ideas like the flat Earth theory as an example.", "The speaker recounts an anecdote of a publisher's request to avoid mentioning death in the book, highlighting the societal discomfort and aversion towards discussing the topic of death."]}, {'end': 7953.244, 'segs': [{'end': 6333.449, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6303.011, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6309.495, 'text': "And I remember standing outside is a dorm and I'm looking from the outside in it's a light and it's warm.", 'start': 6303.011, 'duration': 6.484}, {'end': 6314.177, 'text': "And I'm just standing there frozen, I think for an hour or more.", 'start': 6310.295, 'duration': 3.882}, {'end': 6318.18, 'text': "And that's how I think about it.", 'start': 6314.998, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 6323.103, 'text': "I don't give a damn about the stupid winter or anything.", 'start': 6318.3, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 6325.744, 'text': "I'm drawn to be back to the warm.", 'start': 6323.783, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 6329.426, 'text': "And that's how I feel about thinking about death.", 'start': 6326.745, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 6331.347, 'text': "At a certain point, it's like..", 'start': 6329.926, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 6333.449, 'text': "It's too much.", 'start': 6332.828, 'duration': 0.621}], 'summary': 'A person feels drawn to warmth, feeling frozen outside, thinking about death.', 'duration': 30.438, 'max_score': 6303.011, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo6303011.jpg'}, {'end': 6543.51, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6505.36, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6526.343, 'text': 'and that it was only subsequently some claim that a burgeoning level of consciousness made it such that religious belief systems that included the hope of some kind of immortality were just naturally selected thereafter.', 'start': 6505.36, 'duration': 20.983}, {'end': 6539.268, 'text': "So there are some people, so it's David Sloan Wilson wrote a book called Darwin's Cathedral, and he said religion has nothing to do with death.", 'start': 6527.443, 'duration': 11.825}, {'end': 6543.51, 'text': 'It evolved to make groups viable.', 'start': 6539.368, 'duration': 4.142}], 'summary': "Religious belief systems evolved for group viability, not death, as suggested by david sloan wilson in darwin's cathedral.", 'duration': 38.15, 'max_score': 6505.36, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo6505360.jpg'}, {'end': 6774.089, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 6650.34, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6667.963, 'text': "all religions are subject to being hijacked by a lunatic French who declares that you know they're the ones in sole possession of the liturgical practices,", 'start': 6650.34, 'duration': 17.623}, {'end': 6669.123, 'text': 'or whatever they call them.', 'start': 6667.963, 'duration': 1.16}, {'end': 6679.505, 'text': "And they're the ones that turn, you know, religion at its best into your crusades and holocausts.", 'start': 6670.424, 'duration': 9.081}, {'end': 6681.506, 'text': 'My view.', 'start': 6681.066, 'duration': 0.44}, {'end': 6694.984, 'text': "Not that it should matter for much, but I grew up just skeptical of religion because I'm like.", 'start': 6682.754, 'duration': 12.23}, {'end': 6697.326, 'text': "as a kid, I'm like.", 'start': 6694.984, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 6702.571, 'text': "well, if we didn't have these beliefs, we wouldn't be killing each other because of them.", 'start': 6697.326, 'duration': 5.245}, {'end': 6710.817, 'text': "And I'd be like to my parents, well, you're telling me that all people should be judged on the merits of their character.", 'start': 6703.571, 'duration': 7.246}, {'end': 6714.98, 'text': "but don't come home if you don't marry a Jewish woman.", 'start': 6711.738, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 6720.362, 'text': "Which is implying that if you're not Jewish, you're an inferior form of life.", 'start': 6716.1, 'duration': 4.262}, {'end': 6722.323, 'text': "That's what tribes always do.", 'start': 6721.063, 'duration': 1.26}, {'end': 6723.544, 'text': "And there's the tribal thing.", 'start': 6722.383, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 6729.847, 'text': "And so there's a guy named Amin Malouf, a Lebanese guy who writes in French in the 1990s, I think.", 'start': 6723.984, 'duration': 5.863}, {'end': 6738.952, 'text': 'wrote a book called In the Name of Identity, Violence and the Need to Belong.', 'start': 6732.349, 'duration': 6.603}, {'end': 6751.42, 'text': 'And that was his point is, unless we can overcome this tribal mentality, this will not end well.', 'start': 6740.053, 'duration': 11.367}, {'end': 6756.963, 'text': 'But you said earlier something, Lex, that I think is profound and profoundly important.', 'start': 6752.42, 'duration': 4.543}, {'end': 6767.824, 'text': "and that is, you did not recoil in horror when i mentioned kierkegaard's use of the term faith,", 'start': 6758.357, 'duration': 9.467}, {'end': 6774.089, 'text': "and so i'm a big fan of faith and i'm not sure what that implies.", 'start': 6767.824, 'duration': 6.265}], 'summary': 'Religions can be hijacked, leading to violence and tribalism. faith and tribal mentality are discussed.', 'duration': 123.749, 'max_score': 6650.34, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo6650340.jpg'}, {'end': 6879.525, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6841.147, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6844.189, 'text': 'is you actually explore the biggest questions of our world.', 'start': 6841.147, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 6845.39, 'text': 'yeah, yeah.', 'start': 6844.289, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 6861.597, 'text': "so i don't see religion going away, because i don't see humans as capable of surviving without faith and hope, and everyone,", 'start': 6845.39, 'duration': 16.207}, {'end': 6875.702, 'text': 'from the pope to elon musk, will acknowledge that it is a world that is unfathomably mysterious And, like it or not, in the absence of beliefs.', 'start': 6861.597, 'duration': 14.105}, {'end': 6879.525, 'text': "here I'm Charles Peirce, the pragmatic philosopher.", 'start': 6875.702, 'duration': 3.823}], 'summary': "Humans need faith and hope to survive, as acknowledged by the pope and elon musk. religion will persist due to the world's unfathomable mystery.", 'duration': 38.378, 'max_score': 6841.147, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo6841147.jpg'}, {'end': 7041.64, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7013.028, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7017.87, 'text': "That's both terrifying and exciting that we're always, there's always a bigger cave.", 'start': 7013.028, 'duration': 4.842}, {'end': 7029.415, 'text': 'A little bit of an out there question, but I think some of the interesting qualities of the human mind is the ideas of intelligence and consciousness.', 'start': 7017.89, 'duration': 11.525}, {'end': 7032.996, 'text': 'So what do you make of consciousness??', 'start': 7030.715, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 7037.938, 'text': 'So, do you think death creates consciousness?', 'start': 7033.136, 'duration': 4.802}, {'end': 7041.64, 'text': 'Like the fear of death, the terror of death creates consciousness?', 'start': 7038.319, 'duration': 3.321}], 'summary': 'Exploring consciousness and fear of death in human mind.', 'duration': 28.612, 'max_score': 7013.028, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo7013028.jpg'}], 'start': 6303.011, 'title': "The struggle with existential thoughts, religion's evolutionary adaptation, faith, and consciousness", 'summary': "Delves into existential thoughts, religion's role in social cohesion, faith's importance in philosophy, and the adaptive function of consciousness, exploring theories by dawkins and nicholas humphrey, and its potential role in artificial intelligence.", 'chapters': [{'end': 6357.736, 'start': 6303.011, 'title': 'Struggle with existential thoughts', 'summary': 'Details a struggle with existential thoughts, likening the desire for warmth to the longing for comfort and the yearning to return home, as expressed by the speaker in a moment of contemplation.', 'duration': 54.725, 'highlights': ["I feel drawn to be back to the warm, like thinking about death, it's like that cold, I want to be back into the warm.", 'The speaker expresses a yearning for warmth and comfort, likening it to the desire to return home, drawing a parallel to the feeling of being comfortably situated.', 'The speaker recounts standing outside a dorm, frozen for an hour or more, expressing the struggle with existential thoughts and the desire to escape the cold and find warmth.']}, {'end': 6756.963, 'start': 6359.698, 'title': 'Religion and human evolution', 'summary': 'Discusses the evolutionary adaptation of religion and its role in fostering social cohesion and coordination, while addressing the potential benefits and drawbacks of religious beliefs and their impact on pro-social behavior.', 'duration': 397.265, 'highlights': ['Religion evolved early on to foster social cohesion and coordination, and some claim that religious belief systems, including the hope of immortality, were naturally selected thereafter.', 'All religions, at their best, seem to foster pro-social behavior towards the in-group, conferring psychological and physical benefits.', 'Historically, religions are subject to being hijacked, turning religion at its best into crusades and holocausts.', "Amin Malouf's point about the need to overcome tribal mentality is emphasized to avoid potential violence and conflict in society.", 'The idea of religion being inextricably connected to assuaging concerns about death is discussed, raising questions about its inevitable return in some form.']}, {'end': 7128.015, 'start': 6758.357, 'title': 'Faith and consciousness', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of faith in exploring philosophical questions and criticizes the lack of philosophical thinking in science, while also delving into the concept of consciousness and its relation to death and fear.', 'duration': 369.658, 'highlights': ['Importance of Faith and Philosophy The chapter emphasizes the significance of faith in exploring the biggest questions of the world and criticizes the lack of philosophical thinking in science, suggesting that beliefs are the basis of action and essential for human survival.', 'Critique of Lack of Philosophical Thinking in Science The author criticizes the lack of philosophical thinking in science, stating that scientists often focus on details to escape thinking about the mystery and big picture aspects, highlighting the problem with science.', 'Significance of Consciousness and Its Relation to Death The chapter delves into the concept of consciousness and its relation to death and fear, discussing how the fear of death creates consciousness and magnifies the terror of death, while also questioning the nature of consciousness and its significance in psychological sciences.']}, {'end': 7953.244, 'start': 7128.095, 'title': 'The function of consciousness', 'summary': 'Explores the adaptive function of consciousness, including theories by dawkins and nicholas humphrey, its social construct, connection to mortality, and its potential role in creating human-like artificial intelligence.', 'duration': 825.149, 'highlights': ["Consciousness may have an adaptive function, such as running mental simulations, as proposed by Dawkins and Nicholas Humphrey's theory of better predicting behavior in social settings. The discussion highlights the adaptive function of consciousness, including the ability to run mental simulations and better predict behavior in social settings, as proposed by Dawkins and Nicholas Humphrey.", "The connection between consciousness and mortality, as well as Nietzsche's perspective on the role of consciousness in a solitary creature. The connection between consciousness and mortality, as well as Nietzsche's viewpoint on consciousness not being necessary for a solitary creature, are discussed.", 'The potential role of consciousness in creating human-like artificial intelligence and the necessity of implementing fear of mortality into AI systems. The discussion explores the potential role of consciousness in creating human-like artificial intelligence and the necessity of implementing fear of mortality into AI systems to approximate humanity.']}], 'duration': 1650.233, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo6303011.jpg', 'highlights': ['The potential role of consciousness in creating human-like artificial intelligence and the necessity of implementing fear of mortality into AI systems.', 'Religion evolved early on to foster social cohesion and coordination, and some claim that religious belief systems, including the hope of immortality, were naturally selected thereafter.', 'The speaker recounts standing outside a dorm, frozen for an hour or more, expressing the struggle with existential thoughts and the desire to escape the cold and find warmth.', 'The chapter emphasizes the significance of faith in exploring the biggest questions of the world and criticizes the lack of philosophical thinking in science, suggesting that beliefs are the basis of action and essential for human survival.']}, {'end': 9141.293, 'segs': [{'end': 8048.552, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7953.584, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7961.126, 'text': "I think that there's a possibility to create real deep, meaningful connections between AI systems and humans.", 'start': 7953.584, 'duration': 7.542}, {'end': 7969.149, 'text': 'And I think some of these things of fear mortality are essential, are essential for the element of human experience.', 'start': 7961.527, 'duration': 7.622}, {'end': 7976.212, 'text': "I don't think it might be essential to create general intelligence like very intelligent machines,", 'start': 7969.209, 'duration': 7.003}, {'end': 7980.594, 'text': 'but to create a machine that connects to a human in some deep way.', 'start': 7976.212, 'duration': 4.382}, {'end': 7983.455, 'text': "What's your view?", 'start': 7982.155, 'duration': 1.3}, {'end': 7989.879, 'text': "not to make me the interviewer, but what's your view about machine ethics?", 'start': 7983.455, 'duration': 6.424}, {'end': 7999.144, 'text': 'Can you imagine an ethical AI without some semblance of finitude?', 'start': 7990.239, 'duration': 8.905}, {'end': 7999.604, 'text': "let's say?", 'start': 7999.144, 'duration': 0.46}, {'end': 8010.498, 'text': "there's a trolley problem that's often used in the work that I've done at MIT.", 'start': 8005.296, 'duration': 5.202}, {'end': 8013.54, 'text': 'Yeah, with autonomous vehicles in particular.', 'start': 8010.698, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 8015.08, 'text': 'Oh, yeah, yeah.', 'start': 8013.62, 'duration': 1.46}, {'end': 8019.382, 'text': 'That people, I think they offload.', 'start': 8015.34, 'duration': 4.042}, {'end': 8027.746, 'text': "they ask like how would a machine deal with an ethical situation that they themselves, humans, don't know how to deal with? Exactly.", 'start': 8019.382, 'duration': 8.364}, {'end': 8037.549, 'text': "I don't know if a machine is able to do a better job on difficult ethical questions,", 'start': 8030.327, 'duration': 7.222}, {'end': 8048.552, 'text': 'but I certainly think to behave properly and effectively in this world it needs to be have a fear of mortality and like be able to even dance,', 'start': 8037.549, 'duration': 11.003}], 'summary': 'Creating deep connections between ai and humans, exploring machine ethics and the importance of fear of mortality for human experience.', 'duration': 94.968, 'max_score': 7953.584, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo7953584.jpg'}, {'end': 8207.725, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8176.93, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 8178.891, 'text': 'So I have a bunch of Roombas here.', 'start': 8176.93, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 8180.432, 'text': 'I can show it to you after.', 'start': 8178.911, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 8186.976, 'text': 'Roombas is a robot that vacuums the floor.', 'start': 8182.814, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 8190.539, 'text': "And I've had them make different sounds.", 'start': 8187.377, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 8192.639, 'text': 'Like I had them scream in pain.', 'start': 8190.579, 'duration': 2.06}, {'end': 8193.721, 'text': 'And it..', 'start': 8193.521, 'duration': 0.2}, {'end': 8207.725, 'text': "it, uh, you immediately anthropomorphize absolutely, and it creates, uh, i don't know, knowing that they can feel pain.", 'start': 8197.302, 'duration': 10.423}], 'summary': "Demonstrating roombas' sound capabilities, leading to anthropomorphism and empathy.", 'duration': 30.795, 'max_score': 8176.93, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo8176930.jpg'}, {'end': 8252.65, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8226.117, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 8234.605, 'text': "I believe personally, I don't know what you think, but I believe it's possible for a robot and a human to fall in love, for example, in the future.", 'start': 8226.117, 'duration': 8.488}, {'end': 8237.248, 'text': "I think, yeah, it's already there.", 'start': 8234.985, 'duration': 2.263}, {'end': 8246.565, 'text': "Well, there's a certain kind of deep connection with technology, but I mean a real, like you would choose to marry..", 'start': 8239.079, 'duration': 7.486}, {'end': 8249.566, 'text': 'I mean, again, it sounds..', 'start': 8246.565, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 8252.65, 'text': "I'll find a book title and I'll send it to you, and it's a serious..", 'start': 8249.566, 'duration': 3.084}], 'summary': 'Possibility of robot-human love discussed, potential for deep connection with technology.', 'duration': 26.533, 'max_score': 8226.117, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo8226117.jpg'}, {'end': 8348.618, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8319.127, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 8324.388, 'text': "you can probably do a better job, but I have a sense that there's a deep loneliness within all of us.", 'start': 8319.127, 'duration': 5.261}, {'end': 8328.391, 'text': "Absolutely In the face of death, it feels like we're alone.", 'start': 8324.728, 'duration': 3.663}, {'end': 8340.635, 'text': 'So, you know, what drew me to the existential take on things, Lex, was the..', 'start': 8328.731, 'duration': 11.904}, {'end': 8348.618, 'text': "Who is it? Rollo May and Erwin Yalom, right? About existentialism, and they're like, look, it..", 'start': 8340.635, 'duration': 7.983}], 'summary': 'Deep loneliness is felt in the face of death, drawing inspiration from existentialist thinkers like rollo may and erwin yalom.', 'duration': 29.491, 'max_score': 8319.127, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo8319127.jpg'}, {'end': 8552.237, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8509.455, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 8512.936, 'text': 'But you are a person who thinks deeply about things.', 'start': 8509.455, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 8518.279, 'text': 'And it feels like academia can sometimes stifle that.', 'start': 8513.636, 'duration': 4.643}, {'end': 8519.34, 'text': 'I think so.', 'start': 8518.62, 'duration': 0.72}, {'end': 8524.023, 'text': 'So my concern right now, Lex, for young scholars,', 'start': 8519.5, 'duration': 4.523}, {'end': 8552.237, 'text': "is that the restrictions and expectations are such that it's highly unlikely that anybody will do anything of great value or innovation except for and this is not a bad thing but stepwise improvement of existing paradigms.", 'start': 8524.023, 'duration': 28.214}], 'summary': 'Academia may stifle deep thinking; young scholars may struggle to innovate due to restrictions and expectations.', 'duration': 42.782, 'max_score': 8509.455, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo8509455.jpg'}, {'end': 8785.426, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 8680.484, 'weight': 0.735, 'content': [{'end': 8680.784, 'text': 'Yeah?', 'start': 8680.484, 'duration': 0.3}, {'end': 8688.767, 'text': "Well, look, I haven't lectured at MIT, but I've lectured at Harvard.", 'start': 8680.904, 'duration': 7.863}, {'end': 8694.608, 'text': "I've gotten to lecture at almost every place that wouldn't consider me for a job.", 'start': 8689.547, 'duration': 5.061}, {'end': 8705.09, 'text': "Well, a few things, I'm lucky because I go to Princeton, I'm like, I don't know what I wanna do.", 'start': 8700.788, 'duration': 4.302}, {'end': 8709.111, 'text': "And then two days later, I go to Skidmore and I'm like, I don't know what I wanna do.", 'start': 8705.11, 'duration': 4.001}, {'end': 8718.659, 'text': 'And they offer me a job later that day, which I declined for months because of the extraordinary pressure of my mentors,', 'start': 8709.911, 'duration': 8.748}, {'end': 8722.92, 'text': "who right-mindedly felt that I wouldn't get much done there.", 'start': 8718.659, 'duration': 4.261}, {'end': 8728.782, 'text': 'And but what they told me at Skidmore was take your time, you know.', 'start': 8723.681, 'duration': 5.101}, {'end': 8733.863, 'text': "show up for your classes and don't molest barnyard animals, and you'll probably get tenure.", 'start': 8728.782, 'duration': 5.081}, {'end': 8735.724, 'text': "And I'm like, I'll show up for my classes.", 'start': 8734.203, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 8736.564, 'text': "We'll talk about it.", 'start': 8735.764, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 8739.343, 'text': 'That was the negotiation.', 'start': 8738.062, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 8740.084, 'text': 'Yeah, I negotiated.', 'start': 8739.364, 'duration': 0.72}, {'end': 8742.126, 'text': 'I drove a hard bargain.', 'start': 8740.124, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 8757.2, 'text': "But honestly, Lex, I feel I'm very committed to Skidmore because I was given tenure when our first terror management paper wasn't published.", 'start': 8743.007, 'duration': 14.193}, {'end': 8758.982, 'text': 'It took eight years to publish.', 'start': 8757.28, 'duration': 1.702}, {'end': 8760.743, 'text': 'It was rejected at every journal.', 'start': 8759.022, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 8765.323, 'text': 'And I submitted it as like a purple ditto sheet thing.', 'start': 8761.761, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 8767.164, 'text': "I'm like, here's what I've been doing.", 'start': 8765.603, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 8768.525, 'text': "Here's the reviews.", 'start': 8767.384, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 8772.026, 'text': "Here's why I think this is still a pretty good idea.", 'start': 8769.565, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 8775.648, 'text': "And I don't know that this would happen even at Skidmore anymore.", 'start': 8773.027, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 8783.926, 'text': 'But I was very lucky to be given the latitude and to be encouraged I took classes at Skidmore.', 'start': 8776.029, 'duration': 7.897}, {'end': 8785.426, 'text': "That's how I learned all this stuff.", 'start': 8783.966, 'duration': 1.46}], 'summary': 'Lectured at harvard, declined job at skidmore, given tenure despite paper rejections.', 'duration': 104.942, 'max_score': 8680.484, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo8680484.jpg'}, {'end': 8956.475, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8923.857, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 8930.743, 'text': "is that a lot of folks and a lot of these are Google-type people who, I don't you know, they're geniuses also.", 'start': 8923.857, 'duration': 6.886}, {'end': 8938.441, 'text': "but I don't like this idea that all learning can be virtual and that much could happen.", 'start': 8932.076, 'duration': 6.365}, {'end': 8943.565, 'text': "I'm big on embodied environments with actual humans interacting.", 'start': 8938.801, 'duration': 4.764}, {'end': 8956.475, 'text': "There's so much to the university education, but I think the key part is the mentorship that occurs somehow at the human level.", 'start': 8944.525, 'duration': 11.95}], 'summary': 'Emphasizing the value of human interaction in education, highlighting mentorship as key to university learning.', 'duration': 32.618, 'max_score': 8923.857, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo8923857.jpg'}, {'end': 9094.079, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9051.896, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 9053.156, 'text': "Well, I'm hopeful.", 'start': 9051.896, 'duration': 1.26}, {'end': 9056.457, 'text': 'I agree with you on the current technology, but I am hopeful,', 'start': 9053.937, 'duration': 2.52}, {'end': 9061.559, 'text': 'unlike some others on the technology eventually being able to create that kind of experience.', 'start': 9056.457, 'duration': 5.102}, {'end': 9064.199, 'text': "Oh, I think it's or quite far away from that.", 'start': 9061.579, 'duration': 2.62}, {'end': 9065.439, 'text': 'But yeah, it might be.', 'start': 9064.239, 'duration': 1.2}, {'end': 9069.32, 'text': "My hope is, you know, I'm hopeful.", 'start': 9065.76, 'duration': 3.56}, {'end': 9074.163, 'text': "I was at Microsoft in seattle and i can't remember why.", 'start': 9069.641, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 9078.006, 'text': "and no, i, i can't, i, i, i.", 'start': 9074.163, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 9094.079, 'text': "that's how i'm in my early mr magoo phase and and somebody there was showing us like a virtual wall where the entire wall you know when you're talking to somebody,", 'start': 9078.006, 'duration': 16.073}], 'summary': 'Hopeful about future technology creating immersive experiences, shares experience at microsoft with virtual wall.', 'duration': 42.183, 'max_score': 9051.896, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo9051896.jpg'}], 'start': 7953.584, 'title': 'Ai, robots, human connections, and academia', 'summary': 'Explores the need for ai systems to establish deep connections with humans, the potential for human-robot relationships, and the impact of individuality in academia, covering ethical dilemmas in autonomous vehicles, human-robot relationships, and challenges of virtual learning.', 'chapters': [{'end': 8176.35, 'start': 7953.584, 'title': 'Ai and human connections', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of creating deep connections between ai systems and humans, emphasizing the need for machines to have a fear of mortality to effectively navigate ethical dilemmas, as demonstrated in the context of autonomous vehicles and pedestrian interactions.', 'duration': 222.766, 'highlights': ['Machines need a fear of mortality to effectively navigate ethical dilemmas The chapter emphasizes the importance of AI systems having a fear of mortality to effectively deal with ethical situations, particularly in the context of autonomous vehicles and pedestrian interactions.', 'Creating deep connections between AI systems and humans The chapter discusses the possibility of establishing meaningful connections between AI systems and humans, highlighting the significance of these connections for the human experience.', 'Ethical AI and the trolley problem The chapter mentions the trolley problem and the concept of ethical AI, questioning whether machines can handle ethical dilemmas better than humans and emphasizing the need for an ethical AI to have some semblance of finitude.']}, {'end': 8580.417, 'start': 8176.93, 'title': 'Robots, love, and loneliness', 'summary': 'Discusses the anthropomorphization of robots, the potential for human-robot relationships, and the existential loneliness experienced by humans, touching upon concepts such as the potential for robots to feel pain and the deep connection between humans and technology.', 'duration': 403.487, 'highlights': ['The potential for robots to feel pain and the anthropomorphization of robots draws humans closer to them, hinting at the human experience and the need for similar engineering in our systems. ', 'The belief that it is possible for a robot and a human to fall in love in the future, exploring the deep connection with technology and the consideration of significant human-robot relationships. ', 'The discussion about existential loneliness, citing existentialist concerns about death, choice, responsibility, existential isolation, and meaninglessness, highlighting the ability of consciousness to apprehend fundamental aloneness. ', 'The concern about academia stifling deep thinking and innovation, emphasizing the restrictions and expectations that may hinder the potential for great value or innovation in young scholars. ']}, {'end': 9141.293, 'start': 8580.417, 'title': 'Academia and individuality', 'summary': 'Discusses the pressure to conform in academia, the importance of individuality, the challenges of virtual learning, and the significance of in-person interactions for mentorship and communication.', 'duration': 560.876, 'highlights': ['The speaker discusses the pressure to conform in academia and the importance of individuality in academic settings. Pressure to conform in academia, importance of individuality, academic tribes, glorifying the outsider, welcoming non-conformists.', 'The speaker emphasizes the challenges of virtual learning and advocates for the significance of in-person interactions for mentorship and communication. Challenges of virtual learning, importance of in-person interactions for mentorship and communication, value of embodied environments with actual human interaction.', "The speaker expresses a hopeful outlook on technology's potential to create immersive experiences but acknowledges the current limitations. Hopeful outlook on technology, acknowledgment of current limitations, potential for immersive experiences in the future."]}], 'duration': 1187.709, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo7953584.jpg', 'highlights': ['Machines need a fear of mortality to effectively navigate ethical dilemmas', 'Creating deep connections between AI systems and humans', 'Ethical AI and the trolley problem', 'The potential for robots to feel pain and the anthropomorphization of robots draws humans closer to them', 'The belief that it is possible for a robot and a human to fall in love in the future', 'The discussion about existential loneliness', 'The concern about academia stifling deep thinking and innovation', 'The speaker discusses the pressure to conform in academia and the importance of individuality in academic settings', 'The speaker emphasizes the challenges of virtual learning and advocates for the significance of in-person interactions for mentorship and communication', "The speaker expresses a hopeful outlook on technology's potential to create immersive experiences but acknowledges the current limitations"]}, {'end': 10574.283, 'segs': [{'end': 9236.219, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9141.353, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 9145.616, 'text': 'And I mean, these are very early days of that technology, relatively speaking.', 'start': 9141.353, 'duration': 4.263}, {'end': 9150.359, 'text': "So yeah, I mean, I don't know what to do with that.", 'start': 9145.776, 'duration': 4.583}, {'end': 9151.84, 'text': 'Same with crossing the street.', 'start': 9150.419, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 9155.962, 'text': 'We did these experiments crossing the street in front of a car.', 'start': 9151.88, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 9159.944, 'text': "And it's being run over by a car.", 'start': 9156.863, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 9162.459, 'text': "It's terrifying.", 'start': 9161.518, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 9165.06, 'text': "It's just that, yeah.", 'start': 9163.159, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 9168.841, 'text': 'So there is a rich experience to be created there.', 'start': 9165.08, 'duration': 3.761}, {'end': 9172.383, 'text': "We're not there yet, but yeah.", 'start': 9169.121, 'duration': 3.262}, {'end': 9180.266, 'text': "And I've seen a lot of people try, like you said, the Google folks, Silicon Valley folks try to create a virtual online education.", 'start': 9172.543, 'duration': 7.723}, {'end': 9180.886, 'text': "I don't know.", 'start': 9180.506, 'duration': 0.38}, {'end': 9183.867, 'text': "I think they've raised really important questions.", 'start': 9181.546, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 9184.207, 'text': 'Like what..', 'start': 9183.907, 'duration': 0.3}, {'end': 9194.381, 'text': 'makes the education experience fulfilling? What makes it effective? Yeah, these are important questions.', 'start': 9185.988, 'duration': 8.393}, {'end': 9197.166, 'text': 'And I think what they highlight is we have no clue.', 'start': 9194.461, 'duration': 2.705}, {'end': 9200.17, 'text': "Like, there's..", 'start': 9198.928, 'duration': 1.242}, {'end': 9210.686, 'text': 'Thomas Sowell wrote a book about, recent book, on charter schools.', 'start': 9202.543, 'duration': 8.143}, {'end': 9212.246, 'text': 'Yeah, I would like to talk to him.', 'start': 9210.746, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 9213.927, 'text': "Yeah, he's an interesting guy.", 'start': 9212.726, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 9216.527, 'text': 'Yeah, we will disagree about a lot, but respectfully.', 'start': 9213.947, 'duration': 2.58}, {'end': 9218.968, 'text': 'Yeah, such a powerful mind.', 'start': 9217.428, 'duration': 1.54}, {'end': 9222.409, 'text': 'Yeah, But he I need to read.', 'start': 9219.068, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 9236.219, 'text': "I've only heard him talk about the book, but he argues quite seemingly effectively that that the public education system is broken, that we blame,", 'start': 9222.409, 'duration': 13.81}], 'summary': 'Early days of technology, challenges in virtual education, questions raised on education effectiveness.', 'duration': 94.866, 'max_score': 9141.353, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo9141353.jpg'}, {'end': 9326.635, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9282.38, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 9293.588, 'text': 'yeah, um, in academia, in, uh, uh, in university education, and, you know, younger education, yep, the whole thing, the whole thing,', 'start': 9282.38, 'duration': 11.208}, {'end': 9305.297, 'text': 'And yet we value just about anyone or anything more than educators.', 'start': 9294.509, 'duration': 10.788}, {'end': 9314.904, 'text': 'Part of it is just the relatively low regard that Americans have for teachers.', 'start': 9305.977, 'duration': 8.927}, {'end': 9320.688, 'text': 'Also, similarly, just people of service.', 'start': 9315.464, 'duration': 5.224}, {'end': 9322.369, 'text': 'I think great teachers..', 'start': 9320.948, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 9326.635, 'text': 'are the greatest thing in our society.', 'start': 9323.854, 'duration': 2.781}], 'summary': 'Americans undervalue educators, despite their crucial role in society.', 'duration': 44.255, 'max_score': 9282.38, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo9282380.jpg'}, {'end': 9503.175, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9474.017, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 9476.339, 'text': 'How do those books connect in your life? Yeah, nice.', 'start': 9474.017, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 9486.425, 'text': 'So the birth and death of meaning is where Becker situates his thinking in more of an evolutionary foundation.', 'start': 9476.379, 'duration': 10.046}, {'end': 9488.487, 'text': 'So I like that for that reason.', 'start': 9486.586, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 9503.175, 'text': 'Escape from evil is where he applies the ideas in the denial of death more directly to economic matters and to inequality.', 'start': 9489.567, 'duration': 13.608}], 'summary': "Becker's books connect life, birth, and death to evolutionary thinking, economics, and inequality.", 'duration': 29.158, 'max_score': 9474.017, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo9474017.jpg'}, {'end': 9586.08, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9532.126, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 9537.128, 'text': "i, i do, but i, i mean, you know, i, i've read all those books.", 'start': 9532.126, 'duration': 5.002}, {'end': 9540.589, 'text': 'I will tell you the last line of The Plague.', 'start': 9538.488, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 9546.351, 'text': "we learn in times of pestilence that there's more to admire in men than to despise.", 'start': 9540.589, 'duration': 5.762}, {'end': 9547.552, 'text': 'And I love that.', 'start': 9546.851, 'duration': 0.701}, {'end': 9553.014, 'text': "Yeah Plagues, such a, I don't know, I find The Plague is a brilliant book.", 'start': 9547.792, 'duration': 5.222}, {'end': 9553.534, 'text': 'Me too.', 'start': 9553.074, 'duration': 0.46}, {'end': 9558.496, 'text': 'Before The Plague has come to us in 2020, it was just such a good book.', 'start': 9553.934, 'duration': 4.562}, {'end': 9560.437, 'text': "It's a good book about love, about..", 'start': 9558.536, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 9564.965, 'text': "But I'll toss one that may be less known to folks.", 'start': 9561.684, 'duration': 3.281}, {'end': 9573.029, 'text': "I'm enamored with a novel by a woman named Carson McCullers written in 1953 called Clock Without Hands.", 'start': 9565.346, 'duration': 7.683}, {'end': 9581.174, 'text': 'And I find it a brilliant literary depiction of many of the ideas that we have spoken about.', 'start': 9574.069, 'duration': 7.105}, {'end': 9582.916, 'text': 'Fiction? Fiction, yeah.', 'start': 9581.574, 'duration': 1.342}, {'end': 9586.08, 'text': 'What kind of ideas are we talking about?', 'start': 9583.256, 'duration': 2.824}], 'summary': 'Discussion on literary works including the plague and clock without hands as brilliant books about love and pestilence.', 'duration': 53.954, 'max_score': 9532.126, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo9532126.jpg'}, {'end': 9748.234, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9717.96, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 9721.285, 'text': 'Look, it took me 40 years to read Ulysses.', 'start': 9717.96, 'duration': 3.325}, {'end': 9723.369, 'text': 'It could not get past.', 'start': 9722.487, 'duration': 0.882}, {'end': 9725.413, 'text': 'the first five pages.', 'start': 9724.232, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 9727.976, 'text': 'And it took me 40 years to read Being in Time.', 'start': 9725.514, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 9729.798, 'text': "It's a slog.", 'start': 9728.958, 'duration': 0.84}, {'end': 9739.61, 'text': "And- I took a James Joyce course in college, so I've, I even, I guess read parts of Finnegan's Wake.", 'start': 9731.16, 'duration': 8.45}, {'end': 9740.07, 'text': 'No way.', 'start': 9739.69, 'duration': 0.38}, {'end': 9745.873, 'text': "but, like re, there's a difference between reading and like.", 'start': 9740.791, 'duration': 5.082}, {'end': 9747.053, 'text': "i don't think i understood anything.", 'start': 9745.873, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 9748.234, 'text': 'i, i like his.', 'start': 9747.053, 'duration': 1.181}], 'summary': 'Struggling with difficult texts for 40 years, including ulysses and being in time, with minimal understanding.', 'duration': 30.274, 'max_score': 9717.96, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo9717960.jpg'}, {'end': 9828.459, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9802.995, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 9817.278, 'text': 'So what advice would you give to a young person today about their career, about life, about how to survive in this world full of suffering?', 'start': 9802.995, 'duration': 14.283}, {'end': 9818.593, 'text': 'Yeah, great.', 'start': 9817.813, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 9822.976, 'text': 'Yeah My advice is to get competent advice.', 'start': 9819.354, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 9826.358, 'text': "That's what I tell my students at Stubar.", 'start': 9823.136, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 9827.378, 'text': "I'm like- Don't listen to me.", 'start': 9826.378, 'duration': 1}, {'end': 9828.459, 'text': "Yeah, don't listen to me.", 'start': 9827.418, 'duration': 1.041}], 'summary': "Get competent advice for young people. don't listen to me.", 'duration': 25.464, 'max_score': 9802.995, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo9802995.jpg'}, {'end': 9894.058, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9866.278, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 9868.76, 'text': 'you know what the existential point is.', 'start': 9866.278, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 9882.276, 'text': "not that life is meaningless, so much as it doesn't have one inevitable and intrinsic meaning which then opens up.", 'start': 9868.76, 'duration': 13.516}, {'end': 9888.197, 'text': 'I think it was Kierkegaard who said consciousness gives us the possibility of possibilities.', 'start': 9882.276, 'duration': 5.921}, {'end': 9894.058, 'text': "But there's another lunatic, Oswald Spangler, who wrote a book called Decline of the West.", 'start': 9888.617, 'duration': 5.441}], 'summary': 'Existentialism: life lacks one inevitable and intrinsic meaning, opening up possibilities for consciousness.', 'duration': 27.78, 'max_score': 9866.278, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo9866278.jpg'}, {'end': 10063.796, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 9925.111, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 9927.293, 'text': "Yeah, well, so it's great.", 'start': 9925.111, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 9932.157, 'text': "And so that's another existential point, which is that we yearn for freedom,", 'start': 9927.413, 'duration': 4.744}, {'end': 9940.421, 'text': 'we react vigorously when we perceive that our choices have been curtailed,', 'start': 9933.379, 'duration': 7.042}, {'end': 9949.523, 'text': "and then we're paralyzed by indecision in the wake of seemingly unlimited possibilities, because we're not choking on choice.", 'start': 9940.421, 'duration': 9.102}, {'end': 9963.395, 'text': "and and i'm not sure if this is helpful advice or not, but what i say to folks is that The fact of the matter is that for most people,", 'start': 9949.523, 'duration': 13.872}, {'end': 9965.458, 'text': 'choice is a first world problem.', 'start': 9963.395, 'duration': 2.063}, {'end': 9974.63, 'text': 'And sometimes the best option is to do something.', 'start': 9966.519, 'duration': 8.111}, {'end': 9976.732, 'text': 'As silly as it sounds.', 'start': 9975.771, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 9982.276, 'text': "And then, if that doesn't work, do something else, which just sounds like my mom torturing me.", 'start': 9976.992, 'duration': 5.284}, {'end': 9991.424, 'text': 'uh, when I was young, but you know, part of the thing that I find myself singularly ill equipped is that.', 'start': 9982.276, 'duration': 9.148}, {'end': 10001.997, 'text': "we're at the, I may be at the tail end of the last generation of Americans where you'd like picked something and that's what you did.", 'start': 9992.751, 'duration': 9.246}, {'end': 10011.104, 'text': "Like I've been at a job for 40 years, where you can expect to do better than your parents because those days are gone,", 'start': 10002.318, 'duration': 8.786}, {'end': 10025.231, 'text': 'and where you can make a comfortable inference that the world in a decade or two will have any remote similarity to the one that we now inhabit.', 'start': 10011.104, 'duration': 14.127}, {'end': 10026.011, 'text': 'and so.', 'start': 10025.231, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 10032.093, 'text': "but still you recommend just do yeah, and to do so, i'm again.", 'start': 10026.011, 'duration': 6.082}, {'end': 10042.005, 'text': "i'm. this is, i'm so back to the heidegger guy, because, all right, I consider myself a professor,", 'start': 10032.093, 'duration': 9.912}, {'end': 10045.367, 'text': 'but what happens if most of the schools go out of business?', 'start': 10042.005, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 10053.533, 'text': "Somebody else may consider themselves a restaurateur, but what happens if there's no more restaurants?", 'start': 10046.128, 'duration': 7.405}, {'end': 10057.296, 'text': 'So this is negative advice.', 'start': 10054.374, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 10063.796, 'text': "but I tell folks don't define yourself as a social caricature.", 'start': 10057.296, 'duration': 6.5}], 'summary': 'The speaker discusses the paradox of choice and the struggle with decision-making in a rapidly changing world, emphasizing the need to take action despite uncertainties.', 'duration': 138.685, 'max_score': 9925.111, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo9925111.jpg'}, {'end': 10351.416, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10313.412, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 10318.896, 'text': 'My family, also a chunk were my folks.', 'start': 10313.412, 'duration': 5.484}, {'end': 10321.458, 'text': 'My grandparents are from Eastern Europe, Russia, Austria.', 'start': 10318.936, 'duration': 2.522}, {'end': 10327.543, 'text': 'Um, as far as we know, some of them never made it out.', 'start': 10323.719, 'duration': 3.824}, {'end': 10341.913, 'text': 'Uh, I consider um myself very fortunate to have been a so-called product of the american dream.', 'start': 10327.563, 'duration': 14.35}, {'end': 10346.295, 'text': 'you know my grandparents are were basically peasants.', 'start': 10341.913, 'duration': 4.382}, {'end': 10351.416, 'text': 'my parents, my dad, worked two full-time jobs.', 'start': 10346.295, 'duration': 5.121}], 'summary': 'Family history of eastern european descent, grandparents from russia and austria, fortunate to be a product of the american dream, with parents working two full-time jobs.', 'duration': 38.004, 'max_score': 10313.412, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo10313412.jpg'}, {'end': 10440.974, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10382.581, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 10387.324, 'text': "So those are the things that I'm proud of.", 'start': 10382.581, 'duration': 4.743}, {'end': 10390.341, 'text': "Well, it's funny.", 'start': 10388.558, 'duration': 1.783}, {'end': 10403.29, 'text': "you've been, you've talked about just yourself as a human being, but you've also contributed some really important ideas for your ideas,", 'start': 10390.341, 'duration': 12.949}, {'end': 10414.393, 'text': 'and also kind of integrating and maybe even popularizing the work of Ernest Becker, of connecting it, uh, of making it legitimate scientifically.', 'start': 10403.29, 'duration': 11.103}, {'end': 10419.335, 'text': 'I mean you know, as a human, of course you want to be.', 'start': 10414.473, 'duration': 4.862}, {'end': 10427.317, 'text': 'uh you, you want your ripple to be one that makes the world a better place, but also, I think, in the span of time,', 'start': 10419.335, 'duration': 7.982}, {'end': 10434.788, 'text': "I think it's of great value what you've contributed in terms of how we think about the human condition,", 'start': 10428.962, 'duration': 5.826}, {'end': 10440.974, 'text': 'how we think about ourselves as finite beings in this world.', 'start': 10434.788, 'duration': 6.186}], 'summary': 'Contributed important ideas, popularized work of ernest becker, added value to how we think about the human condition.', 'duration': 58.393, 'max_score': 10382.581, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo10382581.jpg'}], 'start': 9141.353, 'title': 'Challenges in education and technology, impactful books and philosophical ideas, and advice for young people today', 'summary': "Discusses challenges in education and technology, including early virtual reality technology and online education effectiveness, impact of books like 'the denial of death' and 'the plague' on the speaker's life, and offers advice for young people about life and career with an emphasis on existentialist views on the meaning of life and overwhelming choices in today's world.", 'chapters': [{'end': 9384.629, 'start': 9141.353, 'title': 'Challenges in education and technology', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges in education and technology, including the early stages of virtual reality technology, the effectiveness of online education, and the value of educators and police officers in society.', 'duration': 243.276, 'highlights': ['Thomas Sowell argues effectively that charter schools outperform public schools, highlighting the broken state of the public education system.', 'The chapter emphasizes the undervaluation of educators and service professionals in society, stating that they are among the most important contributors.', 'The speaker discusses the rich potential of virtual reality technology in creating immersive experiences, highlighting its early stages and the need for further development.', 'The Google and Silicon Valley attempts to create online education are mentioned, raising important questions about the fulfillment and effectiveness of the education experience.']}, {'end': 9690.614, 'start': 9385.189, 'title': 'Impactful books and philosophical ideas', 'summary': "Discusses the impact of three books, including 'the denial of death' and 'the plague', on the speaker's life, as well as the philosophical and existential ideas they encompass, offering insights into mortality and the human experience.", 'duration': 305.425, 'highlights': ["The speaker discusses the profound impact of three books by Ernest Becker, 'The Denial of Death', 'The Birth and Death of Meaning', and 'Escape from Evil', emphasizing their relevance to evolutionary thinking, economic matters, and coexistence.", "The speaker shares admiration for the book 'The Plague' by Camus, highlighting its relevance to the 2020 pandemic and its portrayal of love and existential themes.", "The speaker recommends the novel 'Clock Without Hands' by Carson McCullers, describing it as a brilliant literary depiction of existential ideas within the context of a terminally ill character's journey, set in the era of segregation in the South."]}, {'end': 10084.004, 'start': 9690.614, 'title': 'Advice for young people today', 'summary': "Discusses the struggles of reading philosophical works, offers advice for young people about life and career, and emphasizes the existentialist view on the meaning of life and the overwhelming choices in today's world.", 'duration': 393.39, 'highlights': ['The speaker shares the struggles of reading difficult philosophical works, mentioning that it took 40 years to read Ulysses and Being in Time, highlighting the challenging nature of these texts. 40 years to read Ulysses and Being in Time.', 'The speaker advises young people to seek competent advice, acknowledging the complexities of life and career decisions, and encourages avoiding self-limiting definitions based on uncertain and temporary variables. Emphasis on seeking competent advice, avoiding self-limiting definitions.', 'The existentialist view on the meaning of life is discussed, highlighting the idea that life does not have one inevitable and intrinsic meaning, and the importance of embracing the possibility of possibilities. Existentialist view on the meaning of life, embracing the possibility of possibilities.', "The overwhelming choices and the paralysis of indecision in today's world are highlighted, with an emphasis on the struggle of young people who are swimming in the sea of possibilities. Emphasis on the overwhelming choices and paralysis of indecision."]}, {'end': 10574.283, 'start': 10084.184, 'title': 'Sheldon solomon: reflecting on life and contributions', 'summary': "Delves into sheldon solomon's reflections on life, aspirations, and contributions, including his views on intelligence, the meaning of life, and the impact of his work on integrating and popularizing the ideas of ernest becker.", 'duration': 490.099, 'highlights': ['Sheldon expresses his desire to leave the world a tad better than he found it and emphasizes the importance of kindness and decency, stating that intelligence is vastly overrated, highlighting the value of character over intellect. Desire to leave the world better, emphasis on kindness and decency over intelligence, acknowledgment of the limitations of intelligence.', "Sheldon reflects on his upbringing as a product of the American dream, acknowledging the hard work and sacrifices made by his parents and grandparents, and expressing pride in his family's journey. Acknowledgment of being a product of the American dream, recognition of the sacrifices made by family, pride in family's journey.", "Lex acknowledges Sheldon's significant contributions in integrating and popularizing the work of Ernest Becker, emphasizing the value of Sheldon's ideas in shaping the understanding of the human condition and finite existence. Recognition of Sheldon's contributions in integrating Ernest Becker's work, emphasis on the value of Sheldon's ideas in understanding the human condition and finite existence."]}], 'duration': 1432.93, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qfKyNxfyWbo/pics/qfKyNxfyWbo9141353.jpg', 'highlights': ['Thomas Sowell argues effectively that charter schools outperform public schools, highlighting the broken state of the public education system.', 'The chapter emphasizes the undervaluation of educators and service professionals in society, stating that they are among the most important contributors.', 'The Google and Silicon Valley attempts to create online education are mentioned, raising important questions about the fulfillment and effectiveness of the education experience.', 'The speaker discusses the rich potential of virtual reality technology in creating immersive experiences, highlighting its early stages and the need for further development.', "The speaker discusses the profound impact of three books by Ernest Becker, 'The Denial of Death', 'The Birth and Death of Meaning', and 'Escape from Evil', emphasizing their relevance to evolutionary thinking, economic matters, and coexistence.", "The speaker shares admiration for the book 'The Plague' by Camus, highlighting its relevance to the 2020 pandemic and its portrayal of love and existential themes.", "The speaker recommends the novel 'Clock Without Hands' by Carson McCullers, describing it as a brilliant literary depiction of existential ideas within the context of a terminally ill character's journey, set in the era of segregation in the South.", 'The speaker shares the struggles of reading difficult philosophical works, mentioning that it took 40 years to read Ulysses and Being in Time, highlighting the challenging nature of these texts.', 'The speaker advises young people to seek competent advice, acknowledging the complexities of life and career decisions, and encourages avoiding self-limiting definitions based on uncertain and temporary variables.', 'The existentialist view on the meaning of life is discussed, highlighting the idea that life does not have one inevitable and intrinsic meaning, and the importance of embracing the possibility of possibilities.', "The overwhelming choices and the paralysis of indecision in today's world are highlighted, with an emphasis on the struggle of young people who are swimming in the sea of possibilities.", 'Sheldon expresses his desire to leave the world a tad better than he found it and emphasizes the importance of kindness and decency, stating that intelligence is vastly overrated, highlighting the value of character over intellect.', "Sheldon reflects on his upbringing as a product of the American dream, acknowledging the hard work and sacrifices made by his parents and grandparents, and expressing pride in his family's journey.", "Lex acknowledges Sheldon's significant contributions in integrating and popularizing the work of Ernest Becker, emphasizing the value of Sheldon's ideas in shaping the understanding of the human condition and finite existence."]}], 'highlights': ["Sheldon Solomon discusses how fear of death is at the core of human civilization, influenced by Ernest Becker's book Denial of Death.", "The uniquely human awareness of death is the primary motivational impetus for almost everything that people do, whether they're aware of it or not.", "Marx's predictions about the inevitable massive inequity caused by capitalism and the conflict between the owners and labor have proven to be quite accurate, as evidenced by the historical patterns of economic downturns and the perpetual return on investment exceeding wages.", "The misinterpretation of Marxism and its association with demanding equality of outcome is discussed, clarifying that such demands are not in line with Marxism's actual principles.", 'Death reminders lead to subtle changes in behavior, such as increased water and cookie consumption, desire for luxury items, and influence on voting choices.', 'Acknowledging and confronting mortality is crucial for personal growth and transformation, drawing insights from various philosophers, theologians, and historical practices.', 'Heidegger emphasizes the importance of realizing the inevitability of death and the need to confront the possibility of fatal outcomes, urging individuals to acknowledge the fleeting nature of life and live authentically in the face of death anxiety.', 'The potential role of consciousness in creating human-like artificial intelligence and the necessity of implementing fear of mortality into AI systems.', 'Machines need a fear of mortality to effectively navigate ethical dilemmas', 'Thomas Sowell argues effectively that charter schools outperform public schools, highlighting the broken state of the public education system.', 'The speaker advises young people to seek competent advice, acknowledging the complexities of life and career decisions, and encourages avoiding self-limiting definitions based on uncertain and temporary variables.', 'Sheldon expresses his desire to leave the world a tad better than he found it and emphasizes the importance of kindness and decency, stating that intelligence is vastly overrated, highlighting the value of character over intellect.']}