title
Built in string functions in sql server 2008 Part 22

description
In this video we will learn about the commonly used built-in string functions in SQL server 2008 1. ASCII(Character_Expression) - Returns the ASCII code of the given character expression. 2. CHAR(Integer_Expression) - Converts an int ASCII code to a character. The Integer_Expression, should be between 0 and 255. 3. LTRIM(Character_Expression) - Removes blanks on the left handside of the given character expression. Healthy diet is very important both for the body and mind. If you like Aarvi Kitchen recipes, please support by sharing, subscribing and liking our YouTube channel. Hope you can help. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7sEwIXM_YfAMyonQCrGfWA/?sub_confirmation=1 4. RTRIM(Character_Expression) - Removes blanks on the right hand side of the given character expression. 5. LOWER(Character_Expression) - Converts all the characters in the given Character_Expression, to lowercase letters. 6. UPPER(Character_Expression) - Converts all the characters in the given Character_Expression, to uppercase letters. 7. REVERSE('Any_String_Expression') - Reverses all the characters in the given string expression. 8. LEN(String_Expression) - Returns the count of total characters, in the given string expression, excluding the blanks at the end of the expression. Text version of the video http://csharp-video-tutorials.blogspot.com/2012/08/built-in-string-functions-in-sql-server.html Slides http://csharp-video-tutorials.blogspot.com/2013/08/part-22-string-functions.html All SQL Server Text Articles http://csharp-video-tutorials.blogspot.com/p/free-sql-server-video-tutorials-for.html All SQL Server Slides http://csharp-video-tutorials.blogspot.com/p/sql-server.html All Dot Net and SQL Server Tutorials in English https://www.youtube.com/user/kudvenkat/playlists?view=1&sort=dd All Dot Net and SQL Server Tutorials in Arabic https://www.youtube.com/c/KudvenkatArabic/playlists

detail
{'title': 'Built in string functions in sql server 2008 Part 22', 'heatmap': [{'end': 429.193, 'start': 410.141, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': 'Covers sql server system functions, ascii code functions, and sql string functions, detailing commonly used built-in string functions, examples of retrieving ascii code values, and practical usage of ltrim, rtrim, upper, lower, reverse, and length functions in sql with practical examples and explanations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 44.668, 'segs': [{'end': 44.668, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.009, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1.689, 'text': 'Hello Welcome to Prejame Technologies.', 'start': 0.009, 'duration': 1.68}, {'end': 2.43, 'text': "I'm Venkat.", 'start': 1.889, 'duration': 0.541}, {'end': 4.67, 'text': 'This is part 22 of SQL Server.', 'start': 2.65, 'duration': 2.02}, {'end': 10.652, 'text': "In this session, we'll learn about the commonly used built-in string functions that are available in SQL Server.", 'start': 5.27, 'duration': 5.382}, {'end': 18.274, 'text': 'Functions in SQL Server are broadly divided into two categories, user-defined functions and system functions.', 'start': 11.572, 'duration': 6.702}, {'end': 20.574, 'text': "We haven't spoken about user-defined functions.", 'start': 18.594, 'duration': 1.98}, {'end': 23.195, 'text': 'We will be talking about them in a later session.', 'start': 20.854, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 26.916, 'text': "In this session, we'll talk about all the available system functions.", 'start': 23.815, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 37.644, 'text': 'Now, if you want to see all the system functions that are available in SQL Server, expand programmabilities folder within that functions,', 'start': 29.059, 'duration': 8.585}, {'end': 44.668, 'text': 'system functions, and you should see all the system functions available here categorized into their own categories,', 'start': 37.644, 'duration': 7.024}], 'summary': 'Part 22 of sql server covers commonly used built-in string functions.', 'duration': 44.659, 'max_score': 0.009, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qJFr-R76r9A/pics/qJFr-R76r9A9.jpg'}], 'start': 0.009, 'title': 'Sql server system functions', 'summary': 'Covers the commonly used built-in string functions in sql server, focusing on system functions and detailing the process to view all available system functions.', 'chapters': [{'end': 44.668, 'start': 0.009, 'title': 'Sql server system functions', 'summary': 'Covers the commonly used built-in string functions in sql server, divided into user-defined functions and system functions, with a focus on the latter, detailing the process to view all available system functions in sql server.', 'duration': 44.659, 'highlights': ['System functions in SQL Server are broadly divided into user-defined functions and system functions, with a focus on the latter in this session.', 'The session primarily focuses on the commonly used built-in string functions available in SQL Server.', 'Viewers are guided on how to access and explore all the available system functions in SQL Server by expanding the programmabilities folder within the functions.']}], 'duration': 44.659, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qJFr-R76r9A/pics/qJFr-R76r9A9.jpg', 'highlights': ['The session primarily focuses on the commonly used built-in string functions available in SQL Server.', 'System functions in SQL Server are broadly divided into user-defined functions and system functions, with a focus on the latter in this session.', 'Viewers are guided on how to access and explore all the available system functions in SQL Server by expanding the programmabilities folder within the functions.']}, {'end': 439.681, 'segs': [{'end': 93.754, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 65.251, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 68.554, 'text': "Today we'll be looking at some of the commonly used string functions.", 'start': 65.251, 'duration': 3.303}, {'end': 72.616, 'text': 'Now we have this ASCII string function.', 'start': 70.555, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 78.921, 'text': 'Now we use ASCII string function to return the ASCII code value of the given character expression.', 'start': 73.057, 'duration': 5.864}, {'end': 83.75, 'text': 'every character has got an associated ASCII code value.', 'start': 80.009, 'duration': 3.741}, {'end': 90.653, 'text': 'so if you want to retrieve the ASCII code value of a given character expression, then we use the ASCII function.', 'start': 83.75, 'duration': 6.903}, {'end': 93.754, 'text': "okay, let's see how to use that.", 'start': 90.653, 'duration': 3.101}], 'summary': 'Exploring ascii string function to return ascii code values.', 'duration': 28.503, 'max_score': 65.251, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qJFr-R76r9A/pics/qJFr-R76r9A65251.jpg'}, {'end': 243.436, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 195.475, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 198.48, 'text': 'The next function that we commonly use is the character function.', 'start': 195.475, 'duration': 3.005}, {'end': 205.732, 'text': 'Now what does this character function do? It converts an ASCII code to a character.', 'start': 199.522, 'duration': 6.21}, {'end': 212.178, 'text': 'Now see, the ASCII character reverses what ASCII function does.', 'start': 206.694, 'duration': 5.484}, {'end': 221.347, 'text': 'Now, ASCII function returns the ASCII code value, whereas the character function returns the character associated with the ASCII code value,', 'start': 212.238, 'duration': 9.109}, {'end': 225.912, 'text': 'and we know that the ASCII code values are between 0 and 255..', 'start': 221.347, 'duration': 4.565}, {'end': 231.693, 'text': 'Okay, and we know the ASCII code value for capital letter A is 65.', 'start': 225.912, 'duration': 5.781}, {'end': 236.835, 'text': "Now let's say I want to print alphabets from A through Z.", 'start': 231.693, 'duration': 5.142}, {'end': 242.516, 'text': 'How do I do that? You know, I can make use of this ASCII code and then create a loop and then print them.', 'start': 236.835, 'duration': 5.681}, {'end': 243.436, 'text': "Let's see how to do that.", 'start': 242.556, 'duration': 0.88}], 'summary': 'The character function converts ascii codes to characters, with values between 0 and 255, and can be utilized to print alphabets from a to z using loops.', 'duration': 47.961, 'max_score': 195.475, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qJFr-R76r9A/pics/qJFr-R76r9A195475.jpg'}, {'end': 298.734, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 270.852, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 275.756, 'text': "Now let's say I want to print alphabets, capital letter alphabets from A through Z.", 'start': 270.852, 'duration': 4.904}, {'end': 279.779, 'text': 'How do I do that? I can use a while loop to do that and the char function.', 'start': 275.756, 'duration': 4.023}, {'end': 280.52, 'text': "Let's do that.", 'start': 279.819, 'duration': 0.701}, {'end': 284.125, 'text': 'So declare a variable of type integer.', 'start': 281.283, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 286.426, 'text': "Let's call that start integer.", 'start': 284.145, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 293.091, 'text': 'Initialize that to maybe 65 because capital letter A starts at 65.', 'start': 286.967, 'duration': 6.124}, {'end': 294.331, 'text': 'So 65.', 'start': 293.091, 'duration': 1.24}, {'end': 298.734, 'text': 'And then what I want to do from 65, there are 26 alphabets in English language.', 'start': 294.331, 'duration': 4.403}], 'summary': 'Using a while loop, print capital letter alphabets a to z, starting from 65.', 'duration': 27.882, 'max_score': 270.852, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qJFr-R76r9A/pics/qJFr-R76r9A270852.jpg'}, {'end': 439.681, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 410.141, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 419.406, 'text': 'Similarly if I want to print numbers 0 till 9, how do I do that? Get the ASCII code value of 0, which is 48.', 'start': 410.141, 'duration': 9.265}, {'end': 426.631, 'text': 'So start at 48 and then 48 plus 10 is 58.', 'start': 419.406, 'duration': 7.225}, {'end': 429.193, 'text': 'So 58 and then print that.', 'start': 426.631, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 429.994, 'text': "That's about it.", 'start': 429.313, 'duration': 0.681}, {'end': 439.681, 'text': 'So 0 till 9, you know, maybe we want to say 57 because there is one extra colon printed.', 'start': 430.074, 'duration': 9.607}], 'summary': 'To print numbers 0 till 9, use ascii codes, starting from 48 and adding 10 for each subsequent number. an extra colon may need to be adjusted for when printing.', 'duration': 29.54, 'max_score': 410.141, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qJFr-R76r9A/pics/qJFr-R76r9A410141.jpg'}], 'start': 44.668, 'title': 'Ascii code functions', 'summary': 'Covers sql string functions like ascii and character functions, including examples of retrieving ascii code values and converting ascii codes to characters. it also explains how to use ascii codes to print alphabets and numbers using a while loop and the char function.', 'chapters': [{'end': 221.347, 'start': 44.668, 'title': 'Sql string functions overview', 'summary': 'Covers commonly used string functions including ascii and character functions, explaining their usage and return values, with examples of retrieving ascii code values for characters and converting ascii codes to characters.', 'duration': 176.679, 'highlights': ["The ASCII string function is used to return the ASCII code value of a given character expression, with examples of retrieving ASCII code values for single characters and multiple characters, such as 'A', 'ABC', and 'BC', which return 65, 65, and 66 respectively.", 'The character function converts an ASCII code to a character, reversing the functionality of the ASCII function, returning the character associated with the ASCII code value.']}, {'end': 439.681, 'start': 221.347, 'title': 'Printing alphabets and numbers using ascii codes', 'summary': 'Explains how to use ascii codes to print capital and small letters from a to z, as well as numbers from 0 to 9 using a while loop and the char function, with the ascii code values for each character being explicitly mentioned.', 'duration': 218.334, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains how to use ASCII codes to print capital and small letters from A to Z. It demonstrates how to loop through the ASCII codes for capital letters A to Z and small letters a to z to print them using the char function and a while loop.', 'Using a while loop and the char function to print capital letters from A to Z. It details the use of a while loop and the char function to print capital letters A to Z by looping through the ASCII codes and incrementing the start variable.', "Demonstrating the process of printing small letters from A to Z using ASCII codes. It explains the process of printing small letters a to z by finding the ASCII code value for 'a', looping through the ASCII codes, and printing the small alphabets.", "Explanation of printing numbers 0 to 9 using ASCII codes. It provides the method to print numbers 0 to 9 by obtaining the ASCII code value of '0', looping through the ASCII codes, and printing the numbers."]}], 'duration': 395.013, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qJFr-R76r9A/pics/qJFr-R76r9A44668.jpg', 'highlights': ['The ASCII string function retrieves ASCII code values for single and multiple characters.', 'The character function converts an ASCII code to a character.', 'Demonstrates how to use ASCII codes to print capital and small letters from A to Z.', 'Using a while loop and the char function to print capital letters from A to Z.', "Explains the process of printing small letters a to z by finding the ASCII code value for 'a'.", 'Provides the method to print numbers 0 to 9 using ASCII codes.']}, {'end': 972.226, 'segs': [{'end': 470.165, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 442.978, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 450.38, 'text': 'Okay, so this is how we can make use of the character function to print, you know, alphabets, whatever, numbers, etc.', 'start': 442.978, 'duration': 7.402}, {'end': 456.201, 'text': 'Okay, and then the other important functions that we commonly use is ltrim.', 'start': 451.46, 'duration': 4.741}, {'end': 463.223, 'text': 'You know, the name itself is saying ltrim, left trim, trim on the left side.', 'start': 456.941, 'duration': 6.282}, {'end': 470.165, 'text': "For a given character expression, it's going to remove the white spaces on the left-hand side of that character expression.", 'start': 463.743, 'duration': 6.422}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating the use of character function to print alphabets, numbers, etc. and the ltrim function for removing white spaces on the left side of a character expression.', 'duration': 27.187, 'max_score': 442.978, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qJFr-R76r9A/pics/qJFr-R76r9A442978.jpg'}, {'end': 516.504, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 491.524, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 497.329, 'text': 'So, if you want to remove the white spaces on the left-hand side of the given string, you can use the ltrim function.', 'start': 491.524, 'duration': 5.805}, {'end': 503.158, 'text': "and pass the string to that, it's going to return a string that has the whitespaces removed.", 'start': 497.796, 'duration': 5.362}, {'end': 505.199, 'text': 'So we have the whitespaces removed there.', 'start': 503.418, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 510.221, 'text': "Now let's look at a practical example of applying this.", 'start': 506.28, 'duration': 3.941}, {'end': 513.043, 'text': 'So select star from tblEmployee.', 'start': 510.942, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 516.504, 'text': 'If you look at the rows in this table, look at the first name.', 'start': 513.303, 'duration': 3.201}], 'summary': 'Use ltrim function to remove leading white spaces from a string.', 'duration': 24.98, 'max_score': 491.524, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qJFr-R76r9A/pics/qJFr-R76r9A491524.jpg'}, {'end': 639.748, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 610.641, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 615.162, 'text': 'So if you want to remove the white spaces on the right hand side, you can use rtrim function.', 'start': 610.641, 'duration': 4.521}, {'end': 616.102, 'text': "Let's see them first.", 'start': 615.202, 'duration': 0.9}, {'end': 623.244, 'text': "Now let's say I not only want the first name, middle name and last name, I also want their full name.", 'start': 616.402, 'duration': 6.842}, {'end': 627.385, 'text': 'Their first name and then space, middle name, space, last name.', 'start': 624.124, 'duration': 3.261}, {'end': 639.748, 'text': 'How do I get that? First name plus, give a small space and then maybe middle name and then give a space and then last name.', 'start': 627.665, 'duration': 12.083}], 'summary': 'Use rtrim function to remove right-hand white spaces. concatenate first, middle, and last name with spaces.', 'duration': 29.107, 'max_score': 610.641, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qJFr-R76r9A/pics/qJFr-R76r9A610641.jpg'}, {'end': 779.598, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 750.269, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 753.091, 'text': 'So upper of this first name.', 'start': 750.269, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 759.874, 'text': "And similarly, let's do that in a lawyer for last name.", 'start': 755.492, 'duration': 4.382}, {'end': 763.596, 'text': 'So last name is going to be converted into lawyer case.', 'start': 760.714, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 766.577, 'text': "So let's execute this.", 'start': 765.356, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 768.2, 'text': 'So look at that.', 'start': 767.639, 'duration': 0.561}, {'end': 770.664, 'text': 'All first names are converted into uppercase.', 'start': 768.601, 'duration': 2.063}, {'end': 773.007, 'text': 'All last names are converted into lowercase.', 'start': 771.024, 'duration': 1.983}, {'end': 776.934, 'text': "Now, since you're using a function, you will lose the column name.", 'start': 773.468, 'duration': 3.466}, {'end': 779.598, 'text': 'If you want the column name, use the alias there.', 'start': 776.994, 'duration': 2.604}], 'summary': 'First names converted to uppercase, last names to lowercase. function use removes column name.', 'duration': 29.329, 'max_score': 750.269, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qJFr-R76r9A/pics/qJFr-R76r9A750269.jpg'}, {'end': 832.869, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 802.366, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 804.647, 'text': 'How can I do that? Use the reverse function.', 'start': 802.366, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 809.191, 'text': 'So when you use the reverse function, look at this.', 'start': 807.25, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 811.173, 'text': "I'm chaining all these functions together.", 'start': 809.332, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 816.016, 'text': 'Okay So reverse.', 'start': 811.733, 'duration': 4.283}, {'end': 822.201, 'text': "So what's going to happen? It's going to reverse that SAM name, MAS, MAR, RAM.", 'start': 816.497, 'duration': 5.704}, {'end': 824.263, 'text': "Okay It's going to reverse that.", 'start': 822.721, 'duration': 1.542}, {'end': 832.869, 'text': 'Okay Interestingly, it has again reintroduced that white spaces, but you know how to get rid of them.', 'start': 826.864, 'duration': 6.005}], 'summary': 'Using the reverse function to reverse a name and remove white spaces.', 'duration': 30.503, 'max_score': 802.366, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qJFr-R76r9A/pics/qJFr-R76r9A802366.jpg'}, {'end': 972.226, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 945.009, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 948.252, 'text': "Even if there are white spaces at the end of the expression, it doesn't count them.", 'start': 945.009, 'duration': 3.243}, {'end': 953.135, 'text': 'But if they are at the beginning or in the middle of a given string, then it counts them.', 'start': 948.292, 'duration': 4.843}, {'end': 956.818, 'text': 'So these are some of the commonly used string functions.', 'start': 954.076, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 962.643, 'text': "We'll be talking about the rest of the commonly used string functions like charIndex, substring, etc.", 'start': 957.118, 'duration': 5.525}, {'end': 964.124, 'text': 'in the next video session.', 'start': 963.043, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 969.341, 'text': 'On this slide, you can find resources for ASP.NET and C-sharp interview questions.', 'start': 965.956, 'duration': 3.385}, {'end': 970.463, 'text': "That's it for today.", 'start': 969.722, 'duration': 0.741}, {'end': 971.304, 'text': 'Thank you for listening.', 'start': 970.523, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 972.226, 'text': 'Have a great day.', 'start': 971.605, 'duration': 0.621}], 'summary': 'Explains string functions and mentions upcoming topics, asp.net and c# interview questions.', 'duration': 27.217, 'max_score': 945.009, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qJFr-R76r9A/pics/qJFr-R76r9A945009.jpg'}], 'start': 442.978, 'title': 'Sql string functions', 'summary': 'Covers the usage of character and ltrim functions to print alphabets and numbers, and remove white spaces, as well as the practical usage of ltrim, rtrim, upper, lower, reverse, and length functions in sql with practical examples and explanations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 491.144, 'start': 442.978, 'title': 'Using character and ltrim functions', 'summary': 'Explains how to use the character function to print alphabets and numbers, and the ltrim function to remove white spaces on the left side of a character expression in sql.', 'duration': 48.166, 'highlights': ['The ltrim function is commonly used to remove white spaces on the left side of a given character expression.', 'The character function can be used to print alphabets, numbers, and other characters in SQL.', 'Demonstrating the ltrim function with an example, it removes white spaces on the left-hand side of a character expression.']}, {'end': 972.226, 'start': 491.524, 'title': 'String functions in sql', 'summary': 'Discusses the usage of ltrim, rtrim, upper, lower, reverse, and length functions in sql. it explains how to remove white spaces, change case, reverse strings, and calculate string length, providing practical examples and explanations.', 'duration': 480.702, 'highlights': ['The ltrim function is used to remove white spaces on the left-hand side of a given string, demonstrated with practical examples from a database table.', 'The rtrim function is utilized to remove white spaces on the right-hand side of a given character expression, with an example of concatenating first, middle, and last names.', 'The upper and lower functions are demonstrated to convert letters into uppercase or lowercase, showing how to apply them to first and last names in a database table.', "The reverse function is explained with an example of reversing a person's first name, addressing the reintroduction of white spaces and the method to remove them.", 'The length function is demonstrated to calculate the length of a string, including the handling of white spaces at the beginning and end of the expression, providing practical examples and explanations.']}], 'duration': 529.248, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/qJFr-R76r9A/pics/qJFr-R76r9A442978.jpg', 'highlights': ['The character function can be used to print alphabets, numbers, and other characters in SQL.', 'The length function is demonstrated to calculate the length of a string, including the handling of white spaces at the beginning and end of the expression, providing practical examples and explanations.', "The reverse function is explained with an example of reversing a person's first name, addressing the reintroduction of white spaces and the method to remove them.", 'The rtrim function is utilized to remove white spaces on the right-hand side of a given character expression, with an example of concatenating first, middle, and last names.', 'The upper and lower functions are demonstrated to convert letters into uppercase or lowercase, showing how to apply them to first and last names in a database table.', 'The ltrim function is used to remove white spaces on the left-hand side of a given string, demonstrated with practical examples from a database table.', 'Demonstrating the ltrim function with an example, it removes white spaces on the left-hand side of a character expression.', 'The ltrim function is commonly used to remove white spaces on the left side of a given character expression.']}], 'highlights': ['The session primarily focuses on the commonly used built-in string functions available in SQL Server.', 'System functions in SQL Server are broadly divided into user-defined functions and system functions, with a focus on the latter in this session.', 'Viewers are guided on how to access and explore all the available system functions in SQL Server by expanding the programmabilities folder within the functions.', 'The ASCII string function retrieves ASCII code values for single and multiple characters.', 'The character function converts an ASCII code to a character.', 'Demonstrates how to use ASCII codes to print capital and small letters from A to Z.', 'Using a while loop and the char function to print capital letters from A to Z.', "Explains the process of printing small letters a to z by finding the ASCII code value for 'a'.", 'Provides the method to print numbers 0 to 9 using ASCII codes.', 'The character function can be used to print alphabets, numbers, and other characters in SQL.', 'The length function is demonstrated to calculate the length of a string, including the handling of white spaces at the beginning and end of the expression, providing practical examples and explanations.', "The reverse function is explained with an example of reversing a person's first name, addressing the reintroduction of white spaces and the method to remove them.", 'The rtrim function is utilized to remove white spaces on the right-hand side of a given character expression, with an example of concatenating first, middle, and last names.', 'The upper and lower functions are demonstrated to convert letters into uppercase or lowercase, showing how to apply them to first and last names in a database table.', 'The ltrim function is used to remove white spaces on the left-hand side of a given string, demonstrated with practical examples from a database table.', 'Demonstrating the ltrim function with an example, it removes white spaces on the left-hand side of a character expression.', 'The ltrim function is commonly used to remove white spaces on the left side of a given character expression.']}