title
Python Algorithms for Interviews
description
Learn about common algorithm concepts in Python and how to solve algorithm challenges you may encounter in an interview.
⭐️Contents⭐️
⌨️ (0:00:00) Big O Notation
⌨️ (0:22:08) Big O Examples
⌨️ (0:43:01) Array Sequences
⌨️ (0:53:23) Dynamic Arrays
⌨️ (1:06:26) Array Algorithms
⌨️ (1:20:40) Largest Sum
⌨️ (1:31:27) How to Reverse a String
⌨️ (1:57:32) Array Analysis
⌨️ (2:00:00) Array Common Elements
⌨️ (2:28:54) Minesweeper
⌨️ (3:08:16) Frequent Count
⌨️ (3:16:58) Unique Characters in Strings
⌨️ (3:28:35) Non-Repeat Elements in Array
Tutorial from CupofCode 01. Check out their YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwptawgtdrxkG2kWY0OO5mQ
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detail
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Let me do this.", 'start': 1447.625, 'duration': 3.964}, {'end': 1454.552, 'text': 'So you guys can see the outputs as we run it.', 'start': 1452.069, 'duration': 2.483}], 'summary': 'Moving on to linear performance, fair computational performance regardless of n.', 'duration': 39.774, 'max_score': 1414.778, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX801414778.jpg'}], 'start': 3.715, 'title': 'Algorithm analysis and big o notation', 'summary': 'Introduces algorithm analysis for interviews, comparing two algorithms for summation and understanding big o notation. it explains the significance of big o notation in computational analysis, emphasizing the impact of different algorithm behaviors and gpu parallelism in decreasing runtime for ml, ai, and dl.', 'chapters': [{'end': 73.643, 'start': 3.715, 'title': 'Algorithm analysis for interviews', 'summary': 'Introduces the purpose of the video series to analyze algorithms and their relevance for computer science interviews, beginning with the explanation of big o notation and its comparison methods based on speed, time of completion, and memory size.', 'duration': 69.928, 'highlights': ['The primary purpose of the video series is to analyze algorithms and their relevance for computer science interviews.', 'The series will start with an explanation of Big O notation for algorithm analysis.', 'Algorithms can be compared based on speed, time of completion, and memory size for scalability and efficiency.', 'An algorithm is defined as a procedure or formula for solving a problem, such as merge sort or bubble sort.']}, {'end': 590.059, 'start': 73.663, 'title': 'Comparing two algorithms for summation', 'summary': "Discusses the implementation of two algorithms, 'sum one' and 'sum two', for finding the sum of numbers from 1 to n, with 'sum two' being significantly faster and the comparison based on time and big o notation.", 'duration': 516.396, 'highlights': ["The 'sum two' algorithm is significantly faster than 'sum one' when computing the sum of numbers from 1 to n, with 'sum two' taking nanoseconds while 'sum one' takes microseconds for the same input value of n=100.", 'Big O notation is used to objectively compare the efficiency of the two algorithms by describing how quickly the runtime will grow relative to the input as the input gets arbitrarily large.', "The comparison of algorithms is not solely based on time, as it's essential to consider how well an algorithm can scale as the data increases, either in time or memory."]}, {'end': 1153.033, 'start': 590.779, 'title': 'Understanding big o notation', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of big o notation and asymptotic analysis, demonstrating how to determine the limiting factor in an algorithm by analyzing the impact of different terms as the input size increases, and provides a visual comparison of different big o complexities.', 'duration': 562.254, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the concept of big O notation and asymptotic analysis, demonstrating how to determine the limiting factor in an algorithm by analyzing the impact of different terms as the input size increases.', 'Provides a visual comparison of different big O complexities, showcasing the relative runtime performance as the input size increases.', 'Demonstrates the impact of different terms in an algorithm as the input size increases, determining the limiting factor and its effect on computational time.']}, {'end': 1454.552, 'start': 1153.653, 'title': 'Big o notation and computational analysis', 'summary': "Discusses the impact of exponential, quad, and cubic behaviors on relative runtime, emphasizing the importance of choosing algorithms to avoid these behaviors and explaining the significance of big o notation in computational analysis. it also highlights the impact of gpu parallelism in decreasing runtime for ml, ai, and dl, and the significance of nvidia volta's tensor manipulation capabilities.", 'duration': 300.899, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the impact of exponential, quad, and cubic behaviors on relative runtime.', 'Emphasizing the importance of choosing algorithms to avoid exponential, quad, and cubic behaviors.', 'Explaining the significance of big O notation in computational analysis.', 'Highlighting the impact of GPU parallelism in decreasing runtime for ML, AI, and DL.']}], 'duration': 1450.837, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX803715.jpg', 'highlights': ["The 'sum two' algorithm is significantly faster than 'sum one' when computing the sum of numbers from 1 to n, with 'sum two' taking nanoseconds while 'sum one' takes microseconds for the same input value of n=100.", 'The primary purpose of the video series is to analyze algorithms and their relevance for computer science interviews.', 'Big O notation is used to objectively compare the efficiency of the two algorithms by describing how quickly the runtime will grow relative to the input as the input gets arbitrarily large.', 'The chapter explains the concept of big O notation and asymptotic analysis, demonstrating how to determine the limiting factor in an algorithm by analyzing the impact of different terms as the input size increases.', 'Algorithms can be compared based on speed, time of completion, and memory size for scalability and efficiency.']}, {'end': 2785.986, 'segs': [{'end': 2386.034, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2357.136, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2359.658, 'text': "Lastly, we're just going to talk on space complexity.", 'start': 2357.136, 'duration': 2.522}, {'end': 2368.444, 'text': "So not only do we talk about how, obviously there's a huge time complexity with big O notation and functions and algorithms,", 'start': 2359.738, 'duration': 8.706}, {'end': 2369.945, 'text': "but there's also a space complexity.", 'start': 2368.444, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 2372.326, 'text': "It's also concerned with how much memory space an algorithm uses.", 'start': 2369.965, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 2381.791, 'text': 'if you ever tried to do data work with AIMLDL on images, on ImageNet or in any particular Kaggle piece, if you have a crappy GPU,', 'start': 2372.326, 'duration': 9.465}, {'end': 2386.034, 'text': "it's going to come out and say memory error because you're trying to allocate.", 'start': 2381.791, 'duration': 4.243}], 'summary': 'Space complexity is crucial in algorithms; inadequate memory allocation can lead to errors.', 'duration': 28.898, 'max_score': 2357.136, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX802357136.jpg'}, {'end': 2418.015, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2390.456, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2394.318, 'text': "So it's telling you, I can't run this crap because you need more memory than what you have.", 'start': 2390.456, 'duration': 3.862}, {'end': 2399.381, 'text': 'So this notation of space complexity is the same, but instead of checking the time of the operations,', 'start': 2395.259, 'duration': 4.122}, {'end': 2401.322, 'text': "we're checking the size of the allocation of memory.", 'start': 2399.381, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 2406.945, 'text': "So in this quick example, we're just creating a function called memory, and we're putting it n equals 10.", 'start': 2401.96, 'duration': 4.985}, {'end': 2409.367, 'text': 'So then if we look at the code, it says 4x in range.', 'start': 2406.945, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 2411.148, 'text': 'And again, n was 10.', 'start': 2409.927, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 2412.41, 'text': "We're going to print memory.", 'start': 2411.148, 'duration': 1.262}, {'end': 2415.572, 'text': "So we're going to print the word, the string memory.", 'start': 2413.27, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 2418.015, 'text': 'So then we call memory 10.', 'start': 2415.592, 'duration': 2.423}], 'summary': 'Explanation of space complexity and memory allocation in code, with an example of n equals 10.', 'duration': 27.559, 'max_score': 2390.456, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX802390456.jpg'}, {'end': 2548.386, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2520.45, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2524.332, 'text': 'And if you had a space complexity of big O to the one and time complexity of big O to the n,', 'start': 2520.45, 'duration': 3.882}, {'end': 2529.615, 'text': "if you had to manipulate some aspect of the code or distort something, you'd rather do it from a space complexity standpoint,", 'start': 2524.332, 'duration': 5.283}, {'end': 2539.021, 'text': 'because the computational intensive of that from the big O of a constant is much lower in terms of scalability and in terms of limits than the time complexity of big O n,', 'start': 2529.615, 'duration': 9.406}, {'end': 2540.982, 'text': "because this, even though it's still linear,", 'start': 2539.021, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 2548.386, 'text': 'this is going to grow at a much faster growth rate in terms of computational intensive than the space complexity of a constant would.', 'start': 2540.982, 'duration': 7.404}], 'summary': 'Prefer manipulating code for space complexity to optimize scalability and limits over time complexity to lower computational intensity.', 'duration': 27.936, 'max_score': 2520.45, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX802520450.jpg'}], 'start': 1454.572, 'title': 'Understanding big o notation', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of list growth on computational intensity, exploring linear and quadratic big o functions, highlighting the significance of the fastest growing term and demonstrating linear growth rates, emphasizing the impact of n on computational time, and discussing space complexity in algorithms and array sequences.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1764.291, 'start': 1454.572, 'title': 'Understanding computational intensity in big o notation', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of list growth on computational intensity, exploring linear and quadratic big o functions, with specific examples and explanations, emphasizing the importance of big o notation in software development.', 'duration': 309.719, 'highlights': ['The computational intensity of the system increases as the list grows, resulting in a linear growth rate, denoted as big O to the N.', 'The quadratic representation of big O, demonstrated through the example of a nested loop function, highlights the exponential increase in operations as the elements grow, leading to a total of n squared assignments for n items in the list.', 'The significance of Big O notation in software development is underscored by the potential dangers of computational intensity for large inputs, as demonstrated by the example where an input of three results in nine outputs.', 'Insignificant terms in Big O notation are explained, emphasizing the importance of being aware of the computational complexity and efficiency when creating software.']}, {'end': 1923.631, 'start': 1764.291, 'title': 'Big o notation and growth rate', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of big o notation in analyzing the growth rate of functions, highlighting the significance of the fastest growing term and demonstrating linear growth rates with examples of functions and their respective big o complexities.', 'duration': 159.34, 'highlights': ['The most significant term in a function is the fastest growing term, which determines the overall outcome as the input grows larger.', 'The growth rate of a function is determined by the fastest growing term in the function, reflected in the Big O notation.', "The growth rate of a function with a linear growth pattern is represented as big O to the N, where the function's complexity increases linearly with the input size."]}, {'end': 2354.976, 'start': 1923.631, 'title': 'Big o notation and computational intensives', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of big o notation, computational intensives, and algorithms, emphasizing the impact of n on computational time, presenting examples of best and worst case scenarios, and highlighting the differences in their big o times.', 'duration': 431.345, 'highlights': ['Big O of n as n becomes infinity, representing the computational time of the function as n grows.', 'Best and worst case scenarios of algorithms and their impact on computational time.', 'Comparison of different Big O times and their impact as n gets larger.']}, {'end': 2785.986, 'start': 2357.136, 'title': 'Space complexity and array sequences', 'summary': 'Discusses space complexity in algorithms, emphasizing how it affects memory allocation, and also explains the concept of array sequences, highlighting the constant time retrieval for indexing and the representation of strings in memory.', 'duration': 428.85, 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the importance of space complexity in algorithms and its impact on memory allocation, illustrated with examples of memory errors when insufficient memory is available.', 'Explanation of space complexity using a code example, demonstrating the difference between time and space complexity and the concept of linear growth rate.', 'Comparison between time complexity and space complexity, highlighting the lower computational intensity of space complexity and its scalability advantage over time complexity.', 'Explanation of array sequences, including the manipulation by indexing and the constant time retrieval for indexing regardless of position in memory.', 'Detailing the representation of strings in memory, emphasizing the indexing position and the recall time regardless of the type of array or its indexing position.']}], 'duration': 1331.414, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX801454572.jpg', 'highlights': ['The quadratic representation of big O results in n squared assignments for n items in the list.', 'The most significant term in a function determines the overall outcome as the input grows larger.', 'Big O of n represents the computational time of the function as n grows.', 'The importance of space complexity in algorithms and its impact on memory allocation is emphasized.', 'The growth rate of a function with a linear pattern is represented as big O to the N.']}, {'end': 3824.178, 'segs': [{'end': 2837.284, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2808.849, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2814.626, 'text': "Like if you were splicing a list, The point is it's not gonna create a brand new list.", 'start': 2808.849, 'duration': 5.777}, {'end': 2820.815, 'text': 'All it does is it takes a temporary list that you created here and it just changes the index assignment.', 'start': 2814.807, 'duration': 6.008}, {'end': 2826.392, 'text': 'of that list to reflect where those elements are within memory.', 'start': 2821.667, 'duration': 4.725}, {'end': 2829.335, 'text': 'so down here we have, if you want to change an index, assignment to a new temp list.', 'start': 2826.392, 'duration': 2.943}, {'end': 2831.898, 'text': 'say we did temp index of 2, 0, 1, 2.', 'start': 2829.335, 'duration': 2.563}, {'end': 2833.019, 'text': "so that's this location here 13.", 'start': 2831.898, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 2837.284, 'text': "right now it's pointing to 13 within the previous list of primes.", 'start': 2833.019, 'duration': 4.265}], 'summary': "Splicing a list changes index assignment, doesn't create new list.", 'duration': 28.435, 'max_score': 2808.849, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX802808849.jpg'}, {'end': 2958.92, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2929.711, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2933.193, 'text': 'And then for i in range n, again, n is right now 10.', 'start': 2929.711, 'duration': 3.482}, {'end': 2936.434, 'text': "So it's going to be for one, for two, for three, for five, and it's going to go through this.", 'start': 2933.193, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 2939.956, 'text': "A is a variable that we're just saying, give me the length of the data at that point.", 'start': 2937.175, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 2941.476, 'text': 'Data, again, right now is an empty list.', 'start': 2939.996, 'duration': 1.48}, {'end': 2943.357, 'text': "So at the first point, it's going to say zero.", 'start': 2941.496, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 2945.998, 'text': 'B equals sys.getsizeof.', 'start': 2943.958, 'duration': 2.04}, {'end': 2948.66, 'text': 'Getsizeof is a method that resides in the sys module.', 'start': 2946.039, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 2951.177, 'text': "And we're saying, give me, give me the size of data.", 'start': 2949.537, 'duration': 1.64}, {'end': 2953.298, 'text': "And then I'm printing on the bottom here.", 'start': 2951.878, 'duration': 1.42}, {'end': 2954.678, 'text': 'We have a string that says length.', 'start': 2953.318, 'duration': 1.36}, {'end': 2958.92, 'text': 'Now this, it looks like a dictionary, right? It looks almost like a key value pair that we have here.', 'start': 2955.038, 'duration': 3.882}], 'summary': 'Using python to iterate through a list and retrieve the size of data. n is currently 10.', 'duration': 29.209, 'max_score': 2929.711, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX802929711.jpg'}, {'end': 3181.829, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3156.972, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3163.717, 'text': "but the point is you could, so you could even make this whatever the heck you want, and you can just see that it's gonna.", 'start': 3156.972, 'duration': 6.745}, {'end': 3167.46, 'text': "it's gonna create a new size and it's gonna hold it as long as it can,", 'start': 3163.717, 'duration': 3.743}, {'end': 3173.264, 'text': "and then it's going to move that array into a larger array of memory so that it can hold those point.", 'start': 3167.46, 'duration': 5.804}, {'end': 3174.585, 'text': "but it's not point for point.", 'start': 3173.264, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 3179.929, 'text': 'it will hold it for a certain number of time And as the length increases, then it will jump to the appropriate size of memory.', 'start': 3174.585, 'duration': 5.344}, {'end': 3181.829, 'text': 'Of course, until you get a memory error.', 'start': 3180.329, 'duration': 1.5}], 'summary': 'Resizable arrays can hold and move data to larger memory sizes, managing length increase and memory errors.', 'duration': 24.857, 'max_score': 3156.972, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX803156972.jpg'}, {'end': 3212.774, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3190.994, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 3205.761, 'text': 'We just did some low-level pieces of memory call and data storing for arrays and just showing you how exactly those things are stored and how we can jump through how Python can increase its memory size of arrays if necessary.', 'start': 3190.994, 'duration': 14.767}, {'end': 3212.774, 'text': 'Interview questions for me are things that you should pretty much kind of sort of have memorized.', 'start': 3209.73, 'duration': 3.044}], 'summary': 'Demonstrated memory handling for arrays in python.', 'duration': 21.78, 'max_score': 3190.994, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX803190994.jpg'}, {'end': 3518.51, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3492.182, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3499.088, 'text': 'because again, if it was gonna be true, if they did not equal each other, was true, then that means one string has a 13,, the other one has 16,', 'start': 3492.182, 'duration': 6.906}, {'end': 3500.749, 'text': "it can't be anagrams.", 'start': 3499.088, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 3504.433, 'text': 'So if they do not equal each other, return false, and then we can keep rolling through.', 'start': 3501.29, 'duration': 3.143}, {'end': 3506.154, 'text': 'So count frequency of each letter.', 'start': 3504.713, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 3509.917, 'text': "Count, we're just having as an empty dictionary, and notice our brackets there.", 'start': 3506.795, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 3511.479, 'text': 'So we have an empty dictionary for count.', 'start': 3509.977, 'duration': 1.502}, {'end': 3514.008, 'text': "And now we're saying, we're gonna create a for loop.", 'start': 3512.267, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 3518.51, 'text': "For letter in S1, and I'm gonna actually do a debug for this so it makes more sense for you.", 'start': 3514.088, 'duration': 4.422}], 'summary': 'Checking if two strings are anagrams by comparing their lengths and counting letter frequency.', 'duration': 26.328, 'max_score': 3492.182, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX803492182.jpg'}, {'end': 3650.304, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3626.738, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3633.24, 'text': 'So now we can actually run through our function and you can see here it put into memory S1 Clint Eastwood,', 'start': 3626.738, 'duration': 6.502}, {'end': 3639.081, 'text': "into memory S2 Old West action and you can see we maintain the capitalization so far because we didn't do anything with the code.", 'start': 3633.24, 'duration': 5.841}, {'end': 3642.242, 'text': 'F8, so now we can be within the function because we have our arguments.', 'start': 3639.841, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 3644.142, 'text': 'S1 equals S1.replace.', 'start': 3642.742, 'duration': 1.4}, {'end': 3649.284, 'text': "So it should, if you're looking at S1, watch S1 as I F8 through this.", 'start': 3644.622, 'duration': 4.662}, {'end': 3650.304, 'text': "You're ready, set, go.", 'start': 3649.304, 'duration': 1}], 'summary': 'The function processed s1 and s2, maintaining capitalization. ready to execute.', 'duration': 23.566, 'max_score': 3626.738, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX803626738.jpg'}], 'start': 2785.988, 'title': 'Memory management and anagram comparison', 'summary': 'Covers list indexing, memory pointers, and python array memory management, emphasizing the importance of understanding pointers in computer science and memory management. it also explains anagram comparison functions and provides examples and detailed explanations of the process, highlighting the significance of memorizing code for dynamic arrays interview questions.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2929.211, 'start': 2785.988, 'title': 'List indexing and memory pointers', 'summary': 'Explains how index locations correspond to physical memory addresses, and how creating a new list involves manipulating pointers to reference elements without changing the original list, emphasizing the importance of understanding pointers in computer science and memory management.', 'duration': 143.223, 'highlights': ['Index locations correspond to physical memory addresses', 'Manipulating pointers to reference elements without changing the original list', 'Importance of understanding pointers in computer science and memory management']}, {'end': 3247.032, 'start': 2929.711, 'title': 'Python array memory management', 'summary': "Explains python's dynamic memory allocation for arrays, demonstrating how memory size increases as the array grows, with specific examples showing the memory allocation and referencing process, and ends with a focus on the importance of memorizing code for dynamic arrays interview questions.", 'duration': 317.321, 'highlights': ['Python automatically reserves 64 bytes in memory for an empty list, even though the length of the list has not changed yet.', "When the list reaches five elements, the memory size increases to 128, demonstrating Python's automatic memory management.", 'Explains the process where Python automatically reallocates memory and creates a new-sized array when the current memory capacity is reached.', 'Emphasizes the importance of memorizing code for dynamic arrays interview questions, highlighting the impact of memorizing code for future utilization and new code development.']}, {'end': 3824.178, 'start': 3247.032, 'title': 'Anagram comparison function', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of anagrams using examples and demonstrates the creation of a function to compare two strings to determine if they are anagrams, with a detailed explanation of the process and the use of two different programming environments.', 'duration': 577.146, 'highlights': ["The chapter introduces the concept of anagrams and demonstrates examples such as 'public relations' and 'crap built on lies' being anagrams, and 'Clint Eastwood' and 'Old West action' being anagrams.", "The chapter discusses the creation of a function in Jupyter Notebooks to compare two strings as anagrams, by ignoring spaces and capitalization, and demonstrates the use of Python methods such as 'replace' and 'sorted' to achieve this.", 'The chapter explains the limitations of using Python modules for an anagram solution in an interview scenario and emphasizes the need for an alternative solution using counts and dictionaries, which will be demonstrated in PyCharm.']}], 'duration': 1038.19, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX802785988.jpg', 'highlights': ['Python automatically reserves 64 bytes in memory for an empty list', 'Index locations correspond to physical memory addresses', 'Importance of understanding pointers in computer science and memory management', 'Emphasizes the importance of memorizing code for dynamic arrays interview questions', 'Explains the process where Python automatically reallocates memory and creates a new-sized array when the current memory capacity is reached', "The chapter introduces the concept of anagrams and demonstrates examples such as 'public relations' and 'crap built on lies' being anagrams", 'The chapter discusses the creation of a function in Jupyter Notebooks to compare two strings as anagrams, by ignoring spaces and capitalization', 'The chapter explains the limitations of using Python modules for an anagram solution in an interview scenario and emphasizes the need for an alternative solution using counts and dictionaries']}, {'end': 5168.348, 'segs': [{'end': 3894.801, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3869.529, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3875.952, 'text': "So the idea is all of these should be zero by the time we're done with going through Old West action.", 'start': 3869.529, 'duration': 6.423}, {'end': 3879.174, 'text': "We can see there's two T's in Old West action and we have two T's in Kalini-Switzo.", 'start': 3875.992, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 3880.455, 'text': 'It should go down.', 'start': 3879.674, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 3883.677, 'text': "So I'm just going to, again, start F8ing through this and you can see.", 'start': 3880.515, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 3885.037, 'text': 'up here.', 'start': 3884.677, 'duration': 0.36}, {'end': 3892.72, 'text': "If you watch up here as I F8 through all of this, you're going to see all these numbers go down one by one until they all get to zero.", 'start': 3885.077, 'duration': 7.643}, {'end': 3894.801, 'text': "And it's not that they're all going through zero.", 'start': 3893.4, 'duration': 1.401}], 'summary': 'Numbers in old west action and kalini-switzo should reach zero by f8ing through.', 'duration': 25.272, 'max_score': 3869.529, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX803869529.jpg'}, {'end': 4136.044, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4110.375, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4120.438, 'text': 'we wanna have a way of counting, exactly keeping track of what we see in terms of our array pairs and also outputs of our different array pairs.', 'start': 4110.375, 'duration': 10.063}, {'end': 4126.12, 'text': "so we're just going to create two different empty variables that are going to sit in memory and they're going to get filled as we go through,", 'start': 4120.438, 'duration': 5.682}, {'end': 4128.06, 'text': 'in this case, a for loop.', 'start': 4126.12, 'duration': 1.94}, {'end': 4129.001, 'text': 'so we want to go through.', 'start': 4128.06, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 4136.044, 'text': "we want to use a for loop to go through each of the elements within our array and somehow compare it to our target to see if it's going to be a match.", 'start': 4129.001, 'duration': 7.043}], 'summary': 'Creating variables to count and track array pairs and outputs using a for loop.', 'duration': 25.669, 'max_score': 4110.375, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX804110375.jpg'}, {'end': 4213.846, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4187.001, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4193.562, 'text': "So in this case, when the target variable is created in memory, it's going to fit that with the number 3 when it does that in memory.", 'start': 4187.001, 'duration': 6.561}, {'end': 4201.344, 'text': "So what do we want to do with that if that's going to be the case? Well, if the target is not seen, I want to somehow take that target that I get.", 'start': 4193.642, 'duration': 7.702}, {'end': 4203.924, 'text': "In this case, it's going to be 4 minus 1 is going to be 3.", 'start': 4201.364, 'duration': 2.56}, {'end': 4207.225, 'text': 'If that target is not seen, what do I want to do?', 'start': 4203.924, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 4213.846, 'text': "So if the target that we're computing is not in seen, and seen is the variable that we have created above,", 'start': 4207.805, 'duration': 6.041}], 'summary': "The target variable is set to 3 in memory, and it's computed as 4 minus 1 if not seen.", 'duration': 26.845, 'max_score': 4187.001, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX804187001.jpg'}, {'end': 4399.953, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4367.22, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4368.841, 'text': "And then I'm going to then, whoops-a-daisy.", 'start': 4367.22, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 4372.943, 'text': 'Then we want to do the maximum of the same thing, of that same combination.', 'start': 4369.441, 'duration': 3.502}, {'end': 4375.381, 'text': 'Get rid of that out of the way.', 'start': 4374.5, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 4380.404, 'text': 'So now what I want it to do is say, again, between one and three, now give me the maximum of that number.', 'start': 4375.921, 'duration': 4.483}, {'end': 4383.065, 'text': 'See if our parentheses match up.', 'start': 4381.064, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 4384.066, 'text': 'Yes, yes.', 'start': 4383.225, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 4385.247, 'text': "And we're in the add method.", 'start': 4384.206, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 4392.151, 'text': "Wonderful So again, as we go through this in the debugger, it'll be a lot cleaner for you.", 'start': 4385.307, 'duration': 6.844}, {'end': 4399.953, 'text': "And then, as we're going through this, I want to do one more piece in this for loop, which is then we want to give an output right?", 'start': 4393.487, 'duration': 6.466}], 'summary': 'Debugging code to find maximum between one and three in a for loop.', 'duration': 32.733, 'max_score': 4367.22, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX804367220.jpg'}, {'end': 4465.709, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4441.961, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4450.359, 'text': "So how do we do that? Well, I'm just going to put pass through, call our function, pass through the function here, pair sum.", 'start': 4441.961, 'duration': 8.398}, {'end': 4451.78, 'text': "So we're calling the function we created.", 'start': 4450.379, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 4453.361, 'text': 'I need to first put an array.', 'start': 4452.24, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 4456.683, 'text': 'And we said we were doing, what did we say we were doing? One, three, two, and two.', 'start': 4453.421, 'duration': 3.262}, {'end': 4458.164, 'text': "That's our array.", 'start': 4457.423, 'duration': 0.741}, {'end': 4460.846, 'text': 'And then I have to also give it a K value.', 'start': 4458.444, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 4462.166, 'text': "In this case, we're doing four.", 'start': 4460.866, 'duration': 1.3}, {'end': 4465.709, 'text': 'So let us, boop, boop, boop, boop.', 'start': 4463.027, 'duration': 2.682}], 'summary': 'Calling function pair sum with array [1, 3, 2, 2] and k value 4.', 'duration': 23.748, 'max_score': 4441.961, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX804441961.jpg'}, {'end': 4585.37, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4559.706, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 4565.628, 'text': 'So if the target is not in scene, so we can look at scene, right now scene is an empty set up top here.', 'start': 4559.706, 'duration': 5.922}, {'end': 4570.251, 'text': "If the target is not in scene, well target is three, it's not in scene, I want you to add the number.", 'start': 4566.029, 'duration': 4.222}, {'end': 4572.352, 'text': 'And the number right now in memory is one.', 'start': 4570.711, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 4576.354, 'text': 'So since three is not up in here, add the number.', 'start': 4572.892, 'duration': 3.462}, {'end': 4578.094, 'text': "So we're gonna F8 through there.", 'start': 4576.934, 'duration': 1.16}, {'end': 4581.116, 'text': 'And sure enough, in scene, now we have a one.', 'start': 4579.035, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 4585.37, 'text': "And now we can go to the next number in the array, because we're still within this loop here.", 'start': 4582.128, 'duration': 3.242}], 'summary': 'The target, currently not in the scene, has a number of one, and upon addition, the scene now contains the number one.', 'duration': 25.664, 'max_score': 4559.706, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX804559706.jpg'}, {'end': 4761.163, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4732.886, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4735.127, 'text': "So when I F8 through this for loop here, it's going to leave.", 'start': 4732.886, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 4737.067, 'text': 'And sure enough, it did.', 'start': 4736.327, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 4737.987, 'text': 'It left the for loop.', 'start': 4737.107, 'duration': 0.88}, {'end': 4739.988, 'text': 'Why? Because there were no more numbers in the array.', 'start': 4738.047, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 4740.628, 'text': 'We were done.', 'start': 4740.228, 'duration': 0.4}, {'end': 4745.398, 'text': 'Next executable line of code outside the for loop is this print statement.', 'start': 4741.917, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 4747.919, 'text': "And that's where we have print is equaling one, a new line.", 'start': 4745.778, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 4749.419, 'text': 'And we want to join.', 'start': 4748.379, 'duration': 1.04}, {'end': 4750.66, 'text': "And by that joining, we're going to map.", 'start': 4749.439, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 4752.981, 'text': "We're going to create a string of our list of outputs.", 'start': 4751.06, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 4755.061, 'text': 'So right now we have two outputs.', 'start': 4753.201, 'duration': 1.86}, {'end': 4757.422, 'text': "And that new line is just going to mean that it's going to take one, three.", 'start': 4755.161, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 4759.123, 'text': "And on a new line, it'll put two, two.", 'start': 4757.462, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 4761.163, 'text': 'Again, if I did this properly.', 'start': 4759.643, 'duration': 1.52}], 'summary': 'Loop iterates through array, prints two outputs with specific format.', 'duration': 28.277, 'max_score': 4732.886, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX804732886.jpg'}, {'end': 4890.067, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4857.497, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 4867.862, 'text': "So first off, we're simply just gonna create, we'll call it largest, nothing too crazy there, and we're gonna pass an array through it.", 'start': 4857.497, 'duration': 10.365}, {'end': 4874.866, 'text': 'So first off, we wanna make sure that the array is even an appropriate length in order to create a sum.', 'start': 4869.023, 'duration': 5.843}, {'end': 4880.232, 'text': "So we're just gonna have if the length, of our array equals zero.", 'start': 4874.946, 'duration': 5.286}, {'end': 4890.067, 'text': 'Well, what do we want it to do? We can return Too small, nothing fancy there.', 'start': 4880.252, 'duration': 9.815}], 'summary': "Create 'largest' function to check array length and return 'too small' if length is zero.", 'duration': 32.57, 'max_score': 4857.497, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX804857497.jpg'}, {'end': 4971.806, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4946.299, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 4951.98, 'text': 'So now we want to go from the next index position, which index position of one, the second number in the array and go all the way to the end.', 'start': 4946.299, 'duration': 5.681}, {'end': 4956.881, 'text': "So that's just going to be starting at one and then the colon for going to the end, then we can close it off.", 'start': 4952.32, 'duration': 4.561}, {'end': 4964.583, 'text': "So in our for loop, we want to count for each number, but again we don't need, We don't have to account for the first index position,", 'start': 4957.941, 'duration': 6.642}, {'end': 4966.644, 'text': 'because we already did here in this line.', 'start': 4964.583, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 4971.806, 'text': "So now we can start from the second in this position and go to the end of the array in this counting essentially what we're doing.", 'start': 4966.704, 'duration': 5.102}], 'summary': 'Iterating from index 1 to end, skipping first index position', 'duration': 25.507, 'max_score': 4946.299, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX804946299.jpg'}], 'start': 3824.218, 'title': 'Debugging and array pair sum', 'summary': 'Covers debugging techniques for anagram code, introduces array pair sum, and discusses adjudicating array pairs to find combinations equaling the target value. it provides examples and recommendations for job interview questions.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4110.375, 'start': 3824.218, 'title': 'Anagram code debugging and array pair sum', 'summary': 'Explains the process of debugging code for checking anagrams and introduces the concept of array pair sum, providing an example of finding pairs of integers that can sum up to a specific value.', 'duration': 286.157, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the process of debugging code for checking anagrams', 'Introduces the concept of array pair sum, providing an example of finding pairs of integers that can sum up to a specific value', 'Demonstrates error handling for arrays with less than two elements']}, {'end': 4385.247, 'start': 4110.375, 'title': 'Adjudicating array pairs for target value', 'summary': 'Discusses creating and adjudicating array pairs to find combinations that equal the target value k, using a for loop and minimum/maximum calculations, with examples of 4, 3, and 1.', 'duration': 274.872, 'highlights': ['Creating variables to count and store array pairs and outputs using a for loop', 'Calculating target values by subtracting array elements from the target value k', 'Adjudicating array pairs based on the presence of target values in the scene', 'Determining the minimum and maximum of number-target combinations']}, {'end': 4732.826, 'start': 4385.307, 'title': 'Debugging and running a function', 'summary': 'Explains the process of debugging a function in python, where a pair sum function is called with a given array and k value, creating a set and outputting a tuple based on certain conditions.', 'duration': 347.519, 'highlights': ['The process of debugging a pair sum function in Python is explained, where a given array and K value are passed, creating a set and outputting a tuple based on certain conditions.', 'The function pair sum is called with an array of [1, 3, 2, 2] and a K value of 4, creating a set and outputting a tuple based on specific conditions within the for loop.', 'Explanation of the step-by-step process of creating a set and outputting a tuple based on conditions within the for loop when calling the pair sum function in Python.']}, {'end': 5168.348, 'start': 4732.886, 'title': 'Debugging a for loop and finding the largest sum in an array', 'summary': 'Covers debugging a for loop to print a list of outputs and finding the largest continuous sum in an array using a defined function, with a recommendation to memorize these aspects for job interview questions.', 'duration': 435.462, 'highlights': ['Debugging a For Loop', 'Finding the Largest Sum in an Array', 'Recommendation for Job Interviews']}], 'duration': 1344.13, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX803824218.jpg', 'highlights': ['Introduces the concept of array pair sum, providing an example of finding pairs of integers that can sum up to a specific value', 'Adjudicating array pairs based on the presence of target values in the scene', 'The process of debugging a pair sum function in Python is explained, where a given array and K value are passed, creating a set and outputting a tuple based on certain conditions', 'Creating variables to count and store array pairs and outputs using a for loop', 'Demonstrates error handling for arrays with less than two elements', 'Calculating target values by subtracting array elements from the target value k', 'Determining the minimum and maximum of number-target combinations', 'Recommendation for Job Interviews', 'Debugging a For Loop', 'Finding the Largest Sum in an Array']}, {'end': 5932.063, 'segs': [{'end': 5387.026, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5358.317, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5362.541, 'text': "It's going to keep it at 10 as we go through the next number, which is now going to be 3.", 'start': 5358.317, 'duration': 4.224}, {'end': 5363.741, 'text': "So now we're going to F8 through that.", 'start': 5362.541, 'duration': 1.2}, {'end': 5365.882, 'text': 'So now the current sum is 12, max is 10.', 'start': 5364.101, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 5366.702, 'text': "So you know what's going to happen.", 'start': 5365.882, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 5367.582, 'text': "It's going to turn the max to 12.", 'start': 5366.742, 'duration': 0.84}, {'end': 5369.182, 'text': "And we're going to go through this.", 'start': 5367.582, 'duration': 1.6}, {'end': 5371.283, 'text': 'I like the negative numbers because it really brings it home.', 'start': 5369.282, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 5373.383, 'text': 'Here we go, negative 12.', 'start': 5372.203, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 5374.884, 'text': "Let's run through current sum calculations.", 'start': 5373.383, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 5380.705, 'text': 'Now current sum is 14 because we did 26 plus negative 12.', 'start': 5374.944, 'duration': 5.761}, {'end': 5387.026, 'text': 'And that was obviously going to be less than the number of negative 12, even though it was going to be 14.', 'start': 5380.705, 'duration': 6.321}], 'summary': 'The current sum reached 14, exceeding the max of 12, due to adding negative 12.', 'duration': 28.709, 'max_score': 5358.317, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX805358317.jpg'}, {'end': 5484.939, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5454.823, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5458.205, 'text': 'depending on the running sums and the sum trackers.', 'start': 5454.823, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 5460.867, 'text': 'we were using either current sum or the maximum sum.', 'start': 5458.205, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 5468.336, 'text': 'Just start to put these into memory so you have your interview algorithms at call whenever you need them.', 'start': 5462.254, 'duration': 6.082}, {'end': 5476.037, 'text': 'And the largest benefit of all of this is that when you are working on different projects, you can always say well,', 'start': 5468.356, 'duration': 7.681}, {'end': 5480.478, 'text': 'I need to do X and I can pull that from this array, or I can pull this from this array.', 'start': 5476.037, 'duration': 4.441}, {'end': 5484.939, 'text': "How the hell do I go from beginning to end? How do I go reverse? Oh, I can take this from this array that I've memorized.", 'start': 5480.518, 'duration': 4.421}], 'summary': 'Memorizing algorithmic concepts aids in project work, enabling quick recall and implementation.', 'duration': 30.116, 'max_score': 5454.823, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX805454823.jpg'}, {'end': 5617.091, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5584.219, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5591.161, 'text': "So what is that actually doing? So s is our argument that we're putting through a function reverse that we defined and we're splitting it.", 'start': 5584.219, 'duration': 6.942}, {'end': 5592.622, 'text': "We're applying this split method on it.", 'start': 5591.241, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 5596.724, 'text': 'So what does that do? I wanted to quickly show exactly.', 'start': 5592.642, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 5597.664, 'text': 'Let me bring up.', 'start': 5596.744, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 5603.218, 'text': "I think I'll bring this one up for now.", 'start': 5600.873, 'duration': 2.345}, {'end': 5605.684, 'text': 'So let me copy what we have here.', 'start': 5603.459, 'duration': 2.225}, {'end': 5607.187, 'text': 'And I just want to show you something.', 'start': 5605.764, 'duration': 1.423}, {'end': 5617.091, 'text': "So what if we did and I'm gonna show you like a backhanded way, in a sense of doing this if I wanted to,", 'start': 5611.269, 'duration': 5.822}], 'summary': 'Explanation of using the split method in a function', 'duration': 32.872, 'max_score': 5584.219, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX805584219.jpg'}, {'end': 5701.776, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5676.737, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5681.861, 'text': "So all I'm going to do, again, to keep with this method of simplicity, I'm going to get rid of all this for just a hot second.", 'start': 5676.737, 'duration': 5.124}, {'end': 5690.187, 'text': "So we've taken our argument S, which is a string, and we're saying take that string and now here and split it into pieces.", 'start': 5682.901, 'duration': 7.286}, {'end': 5694.791, 'text': 'And then with those pieces, we have a new S now, which is a split version of that string, meaning it just.', 'start': 5690.347, 'duration': 4.444}, {'end': 5697.353, 'text': 'segment. so we have the string.', 'start': 5695.271, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 5698.173, 'text': 'this is the best.', 'start': 5697.353, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 5701.776, 'text': "so it's going to take this and it's going to take this and it's going to take the, and it's going to take best.", 'start': 5698.173, 'duration': 3.603}], 'summary': 'Splitting a string into segments to simplify the process.', 'duration': 25.039, 'max_score': 5676.737, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX805676737.jpg'}, {'end': 5900.05, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5868.466, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 5869.887, 'text': 'So we reversed it appropriately.', 'start': 5868.466, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 5872.17, 'text': 'We no longer have spaces.', 'start': 5870.588, 'duration': 1.582}, {'end': 5874.073, 'text': 'Now we have our separator is the hyphen.', 'start': 5872.23, 'duration': 1.843}, {'end': 5877.076, 'text': 'So to show you, let me make it a dollar sign.', 'start': 5874.673, 'duration': 2.403}, {'end': 5879.264, 'text': "We'll run it again.", 'start': 5878.564, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 5883.185, 'text': 'So now best dollar sign, the dollar sign is dollar sign this.', 'start': 5879.284, 'duration': 3.901}, {'end': 5889.327, 'text': "So all I did was with the dot join method, we're giving the separator how we want it to be separated, and then we want it to join it.", 'start': 5883.626, 'duration': 5.701}, {'end': 5892.148, 'text': 'And if you want spaces, then put it in your separator.', 'start': 5889.347, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 5900.05, 'text': "And now you'll have spaces surrounding the dollar sign and the dot join method after we reversed it, after we split it up into a new list.", 'start': 5892.528, 'duration': 7.522}], 'summary': 'Reversed, removed spaces, and used hyphen separator. applied dot join method with dollar sign as separator.', 'duration': 31.584, 'max_score': 5868.466, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX805868466.jpg'}], 'start': 5169.268, 'title': 'Debugging and finding maximum continuous sum', 'summary': 'Covers the debugging process of a largest continuous sum code, analyzing the step-by-step memory allocation and variable changes while explaining the logic behind the code execution. it also covers the process of finding the maximum continuous sum in an array, showcasing how the code iteratively updates the maximum sum and current sum, with examples of negative numbers and the importance of memorizing fundamental pieces early on.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5342.703, 'start': 5169.268, 'title': 'Debugging largest continuous sum code', 'summary': 'Covers the debugging process of a largest continuous sum code, analyzing the step-by-step memory allocation and variable changes while explaining the logic behind the code execution.', 'duration': 173.435, 'highlights': ['The chapter provides a step-by-step analysis of the largest continuous sum code debugging process, including the allocation of memory and variable changes.', 'It explains the logic behind the code execution and tracks the changes in variables, such as current sum and max sum, while iterating through the array.', 'The debugging process involves evaluating the current sum and max sum variables at each step, ensuring the accurate computation of the largest continuous sum.']}, {'end': 5932.063, 'start': 5343.103, 'title': 'Maximum continuous sum', 'summary': 'Covers the process of finding the maximum continuous sum in an array, showcasing how the code iteratively updates the maximum sum and current sum, with examples of negative numbers and the importance of memorizing fundamental pieces early on.', 'duration': 588.96, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates the process of finding the maximum continuous sum in an array, showcasing how the code iteratively updates the maximum sum and current sum.', "Negative numbers are used as examples to illustrate the code's functionality in updating the maximum continuous sum.", 'The importance of memorizing fundamental pieces early on is emphasized, particularly in the context of leveraging interview algorithms and working on different projects.']}], 'duration': 762.795, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX805169268.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter provides a step-by-step analysis of the largest continuous sum code debugging process, including memory allocation and variable changes.', 'The chapter demonstrates the process of finding the maximum continuous sum in an array, showcasing iterative updates of maximum sum and current sum.', 'The debugging process involves evaluating current sum and max sum variables at each step, ensuring accurate computation of the largest continuous sum.', 'The chapter explains the logic behind the code execution and tracks changes in variables, such as current sum and max sum, while iterating through the array.', "Negative numbers are used as examples to illustrate the code's functionality in updating the maximum continuous sum.", 'The importance of memorizing fundamental pieces early on is emphasized, particularly in the context of leveraging interview algorithms and working on different projects.']}, {'end': 7409.933, 'segs': [{'end': 6161.273, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6133.65, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6137.251, 'text': "You're gonna see when we do this, when we debug it in memory, it's gonna pull that T out.", 'start': 6133.65, 'duration': 3.601}, {'end': 6143.313, 'text': "If index of zero, starting at zero, not in spaces, well, it's not in spaces, that's gonna be true.", 'start': 6138.812, 'duration': 4.501}, {'end': 6152.496, 'text': "So what do I wanna do if it's true? Well, I want to create some kind of another variable where it's going to maintain that letter.", 'start': 6143.853, 'duration': 8.643}, {'end': 6161.273, 'text': "So we're gonna call it word start and we'll just make it equal to I so that we know where the word is starting for this index.", 'start': 6154.249, 'duration': 7.024}], 'summary': 'Debugging in memory to identify word start index.', 'duration': 27.623, 'max_score': 6133.65, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX806133650.jpg'}, {'end': 6332.695, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6309.456, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6317.362, 'text': 'So if we collected a letter in here, so while not in spaces, so this would have been so far as we run through this, so far we have the letter T.', 'start': 6309.456, 'duration': 7.906}, {'end': 6322.647, 'text': "So if index of zero of the S is not in space, that's true, it's T.", 'start': 6317.362, 'duration': 5.285}, {'end': 6324.788, 'text': 'Word start equals I.', 'start': 6322.647, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 6327.17, 'text': 'Word start is down below here, so equals I.', 'start': 6324.788, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 6332.695, 'text': "So that's equaling zero at that moment, which is actually gonna be the S of word start.", 'start': 6327.17, 'duration': 5.525}], 'summary': "The letter 't' occurs at index 0, and the word starts with 'i'.", 'duration': 23.239, 'max_score': 6309.456, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX806309456.jpg'}, {'end': 6385.363, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6360.159, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6367.377, 'text': "So why am I doing that? Because if I'm going to get a space, while i is less than length if si is not in spaces.", 'start': 6360.159, 'duration': 7.218}, {'end': 6375.089, 'text': 'If this becomes a false meaning, I have a space bam, I wanna come down and I wanna increase my i so I can go to the next element.', 'start': 6367.537, 'duration': 7.552}, {'end': 6380.537, 'text': "that's within my string, ergo the argument that I'm passing through the function that we are defining.", 'start': 6375.089, 'duration': 5.448}, {'end': 6385.363, 'text': 'And when all is said and done, what do we need to do? We need to return something.', 'start': 6382.08, 'duration': 3.283}], 'summary': 'Iterating through a string to find spaces and increase count.', 'duration': 25.204, 'max_score': 6360.159, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX806360159.jpg'}], 'start': 5932.063, 'title': 'String and sentence reversal in python', 'summary': 'Covers string reversal using built-in functions and without using built-ins, sentence reversal through word manipulation, and string manipulation, indexing, and rotation of arrays in python, providing detailed explanations and examples for each concept.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6133.63, 'start': 5932.063, 'title': 'String reversal in python', 'summary': 'Demonstrates two ways to reverse a string in python, utilizing built-in functions and without using built-ins, and also explains the process of iterating through the string to reverse it, with a detailed explanation of the code.', 'duration': 201.567, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates two ways to reverse a string in Python, utilizing built-in functions and without using built-ins', 'The process of iterating through the string to reverse it, with a detailed explanation of the code']}, {'end': 6879.031, 'start': 6133.65, 'title': 'Sentence reversal', 'summary': "Details the process of reversing a sentence by breaking it into words and then reversing the order of the words, demonstrated with an example string 'this is the best', resulting in the reversed sentence 'best the is this'. it also explains the debugging process and the use of loops and conditions to achieve the desired outcome.", 'duration': 745.381, 'highlights': ["The chapter explains the process of reversing a sentence by breaking it into words and then reversing the order of the words, demonstrated with an example string 'this is the best', resulting in the reversed sentence 'best the is this'.", 'It details the debugging process and the use of loops and conditions to achieve the desired outcome, with a step-by-step breakdown of the code execution and variable updates during the process.', 'The chapter demonstrates the use of while loops, conditions, and variable manipulation to iterate through the input string, identify words, and reverse the order of the words, providing a comprehensive understanding of the logic behind the sentence reversal algorithm.']}, {'end': 7091.642, 'start': 6879.071, 'title': 'String manipulation and indexing in python', 'summary': 'Discusses the utilization of the split function, reverse method, and indexing in python, emphasizing their importance in element manipulation and creating counts, with a focus on a string manipulation exercise and the big o notation for rotational arrays.', 'duration': 212.571, 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the importance of the split function, reverse method, and indexing in Python, particularly in element manipulation and creating counts, and highlights their relevance in string manipulation exercises.', 'The speaker discusses the significance of indexing, particularly in data science and machine learning, and its utilization in manipulating databases and arrays.', 'The discussion emphasizes the big O notation for rotational arrays and the efficiency of O(n) linear time complexity, detailing the process of comparing arrays and highlighting the significance of index positions.']}, {'end': 7409.933, 'start': 7091.642, 'title': 'Rotation of two lists', 'summary': 'Explains how to check if two lists are rotations of each other by comparing their elements and index positions, and includes a defined function with an edge check and iteration method to find the key element in list two, with a break statement to optimize the search process.', 'duration': 318.291, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains how to check if two lists are rotations of each other by comparing their elements and index positions, and includes a defined function with an edge check and iteration method to find the key element in list two, with a break statement to optimize the search process.', 'The function includes an edge check to verify if the lengths of the two lists are the same, and returns False if the lengths are different, ensuring the elements and index locations are exactly the same for a rotation to be valid.', "The defined function initializes the first element of list one and stores it as 'key' at index position zero, and initializes 'key index' as a counter to be used in the iteration process through list two.", "The iteration through list two involves a for loop to search for the 'key' element from list one, and if found, the 'key index' is updated to reflect the index position in list two matching the 'key' element from list one.", "A break statement is used to exit the iteration through list two once the matching index position for the 'key' element from list one is found, optimizing the search process."]}], 'duration': 1477.87, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX805932063.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates two ways to reverse a string in Python, utilizing built-in functions and without using built-ins', "The chapter explains the process of reversing a sentence by breaking it into words and then reversing the order of the words, demonstrated with an example string 'this is the best', resulting in the reversed sentence 'best the is this'", 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of the split function, reverse method, and indexing in Python, particularly in element manipulation and creating counts, and highlights their relevance in string manipulation exercises', 'The chapter explains how to check if two lists are rotations of each other by comparing their elements and index positions, and includes a defined function with an edge check and iteration method to find the key element in list two, with a break statement to optimize the search process']}, {'end': 8790.691, 'segs': [{'end': 7808.455, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7773.712, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7774.533, 'text': "That's why it's a one.", 'start': 7773.712, 'duration': 0.821}, {'end': 7778.596, 'text': "Key index equals zero, that's just the variable key index, and we're equaling zero.", 'start': 7775.454, 'duration': 3.142}, {'end': 7784.781, 'text': "Now for i in range, this is the length of list two, so it's gonna iterate through list two.", 'start': 7778.637, 'duration': 6.144}, {'end': 7789.704, 'text': "So the first, the i is gonna be zero, because that's where we're starting.", 'start': 7785.962, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 7800.612, 'text': 'If list two i, so if the index position i, so if I look at list two, the first index value is gonna be number four, and index position zero.', 'start': 7791.305, 'duration': 9.307}, {'end': 7808.455, 'text': "If it equals the key, right now the key equals one, then we'll jump down and we'll break and we'll go down.", 'start': 7801.972, 'duration': 6.483}], 'summary': 'Iterating through list two to find key equals one.', 'duration': 34.743, 'max_score': 7773.712, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX807773712.jpg'}, {'end': 7862.747, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7833.784, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 7835.364, 'text': "Now it's gonna change to I equals two.", 'start': 7833.784, 'duration': 1.58}, {'end': 7837.465, 'text': "Key and still one, because that's what we created.", 'start': 7835.504, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 7839.566, 'text': 'And index position two is a six.', 'start': 7837.485, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 7842.768, 'text': "So it's not gonna be satisfied, it's gonna be false.", 'start': 7840.666, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 7848.834, 'text': "Now it's three, index position three is a seven, still not a one, so we're gonna F8 through that.", 'start': 7842.868, 'duration': 5.966}, {'end': 7852.117, 'text': "Now it's a four, zero, one, two, three, four.", 'start': 7848.854, 'duration': 3.263}, {'end': 7859.524, 'text': 'And now at index position four of list two, the number one equals the key index of one in list one.', 'start': 7852.137, 'duration': 7.387}, {'end': 7862.747, 'text': 'So now that they match, it should take us out of this loop.', 'start': 7860.004, 'duration': 2.743}], 'summary': 'Loop through list elements to match and exit when found.', 'duration': 28.963, 'max_score': 7833.784, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX807833784.jpg'}, {'end': 8042.863, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 7900.524, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 7905.627, 'text': "and i'm gonna, when i'm done with this, i'm gonna do a little lesson on the module, because it may not make sense to some people.", 'start': 7900.524, 'duration': 5.103}, {'end': 7910.209, 'text': "so for x and range length of list, so x is going to be zero because we're starting at position zero.", 'start': 7905.627, 'duration': 4.582}, {'end': 7912.831, 'text': "we're waiting for the range.", 'start': 7910.209, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 7914.372, 'text': 'l2 index equals four.', 'start': 7912.831, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 7915.152, 'text': 'so how did we get that?', 'start': 7914.372, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 7917.713, 'text': 'well, the key index right now is four plus x.', 'start': 7915.152, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 7920.195, 'text': 'x is zero, four plus zero is four, four module.', 'start': 7917.713, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 7923.997, 'text': 'the length of list one is seven, so we can go one, two, three, four, five, six, seven.', 'start': 7920.195, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 7926.939, 'text': 'So 4, modulo 7 is 4..', 'start': 7924.597, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 7931.723, 'text': "If you don't understand that, I'll do a quick video showing how that comes about in just a moment.", 'start': 7926.939, 'duration': 4.784}, {'end': 7946.004, 'text': 'If list 1x does not equal the list of L2 index and right now it does not the index position of 0 is 1, and the list 2 index position of 4, 0, 1, 2, 3,', 'start': 7933.264, 'duration': 12.74}, {'end': 7948.097, 'text': '4, is 1 and 1, so it does.', 'start': 7946.004, 'duration': 2.093}, {'end': 7951.28, 'text': "So if they don't match, return false, but they do match.", 'start': 7948.557, 'duration': 2.723}, {'end': 7954.94, 'text': "So now it's going to go to the next one.", 'start': 7953.86, 'duration': 1.08}, {'end': 7955.921, 'text': 'X is going to be one.', 'start': 7954.96, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 7957.761, 'text': 'L and X is going to have to go up to five.', 'start': 7955.941, 'duration': 1.82}, {'end': 7967.623, 'text': "So now it's checking the values at index position one, which is two, and list two index position, which is now this a five, which is a two.", 'start': 7958.221, 'duration': 9.402}, {'end': 7969.624, 'text': "So you see how it's going element for element now.", 'start': 7967.724, 'duration': 1.9}, {'end': 7971.344, 'text': "So I'm just going to go through that.", 'start': 7970.484, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 7972.065, 'text': 'That matches.', 'start': 7971.384, 'duration': 0.681}, {'end': 7973.665, 'text': "So it's going to go to two and six.", 'start': 7972.125, 'duration': 1.54}, {'end': 7978.986, 'text': "So now we're at three and three, and they actually do equal each other.", 'start': 7974.385, 'duration': 4.601}, {'end': 7980.007, 'text': 'So this is going to be false.', 'start': 7979.006, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 7981.487, 'text': "So it's going to jump back into loop.", 'start': 7980.047, 'duration': 1.44}, {'end': 7984.77, 'text': "Now we're at three and six.", 'start': 7983.55, 'duration': 1.22}, {'end': 7989.612, 'text': "So we're at four, zero, one, two, three.", 'start': 7985.391, 'duration': 4.221}, {'end': 7994.013, 'text': "So we're at four for X and a position of six.", 'start': 7989.692, 'duration': 4.321}, {'end': 7996.674, 'text': 'So zero, one, two, three, four, five, six.', 'start': 7994.213, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 8000.555, 'text': "And we're gonna be matching up the, we didn't even do it yet.", 'start': 7997.494, 'duration': 3.061}, {'end': 8002.356, 'text': "It's not four and six, it's gotta be three and seven.", 'start': 8000.575, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 8003.936, 'text': "Yeah, I didn't go through it yet.", 'start': 8002.616, 'duration': 1.32}, {'end': 8009.378, 'text': "So it goes to an index of zero because again, zero to six is one to seven, but we're doing a range.", 'start': 8004.516, 'duration': 4.862}, {'end': 8015.627, 'text': "So now we're matching up index position three of list one and index position zero of list two.", 'start': 8010.158, 'duration': 5.469}, {'end': 8017.29, 'text': 'So zero, one, two, three.', 'start': 8015.687, 'duration': 1.603}, {'end': 8019.112, 'text': "So that's four and four.", 'start': 8017.35, 'duration': 1.762}, {'end': 8020.735, 'text': 'So it did jump into the list.', 'start': 8019.233, 'duration': 1.502}, {'end': 8024.921, 'text': "So it's going to do this until we extinguish the range of the list.", 'start': 8020.775, 'duration': 4.146}, {'end': 8029.589, 'text': 'And that should be it for the range because we only get up to six.', 'start': 8026.826, 'duration': 2.763}, {'end': 8036.016, 'text': "So once we jump out of the range and we're going to return true, because we've, we found that these L these two lists, they have the same length.", 'start': 8029.609, 'duration': 6.407}, {'end': 8039.74, 'text': 'They are composed of the same elements and the elements are in the same order.', 'start': 8036.476, 'duration': 3.264}, {'end': 8042.863, 'text': 'The only difference being the starting index position.', 'start': 8039.94, 'duration': 2.923}], 'summary': 'Explaining a module with an example of comparing two lists.', 'duration': 142.339, 'max_score': 7900.524, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX807900524.jpg'}, {'end': 8556.668, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8528.51, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8531.071, 'text': 'now we want to do we have to cover for other?', 'start': 8528.51, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 8531.751, 'text': 'oops, look at that.', 'start': 8531.071, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 8533.972, 'text': 'I forgot a colon.', 'start': 8531.751, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 8539.802, 'text': 'we have to now account for other instances.', 'start': 8533.972, 'duration': 5.83}, {'end': 8543.563, 'text': "so what if p1 because we have if they're equal to each other?", 'start': 8539.802, 'duration': 3.761}, {'end': 8548.185, 'text': "what if it's greater than?", 'start': 8543.563, 'duration': 4.622}, {'end': 8549.545, 'text': "what if it's greater?", 'start': 8548.185, 'duration': 1.36}, {'end': 8550.185, 'text': 'what if the values?', 'start': 8549.545, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 8556.668, 'text': "if, if the index at a element is larger than the one that's at the b element, we want to move point.", 'start': 8550.185, 'duration': 6.483}], 'summary': 'Addressing different scenarios for comparing elements and moving points', 'duration': 28.158, 'max_score': 8528.51, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX808528510.jpg'}, {'end': 8716.7, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8681.768, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 8684.129, 'text': "So let's check if the positions are correct.", 'start': 8681.768, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 8688.352, 'text': "We're checking common elements.", 'start': 8686.731, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 8689.552, 'text': 'So they both have a one.', 'start': 8688.372, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 8691.153, 'text': "That's true.", 'start': 8690.453, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 8693.395, 'text': 'They both do not have a three.', 'start': 8692.154, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 8695.899, 'text': 'They both have a four.', 'start': 8694.878, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 8700.465, 'text': 'They both have a nine.', 'start': 8699.604, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 8701.426, 'text': 'So one, four, nine.', 'start': 8700.545, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 8710.317, 'text': 'Excellent So again, but this was the common elements of A to B.', 'start': 8707.374, 'duration': 2.943}, {'end': 8713.038, 'text': "So you'll notice it didn't put a 10.", 'start': 8710.317, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 8716.7, 'text': "where you would think, why didn't, but it's not a common element.", 'start': 8713.038, 'duration': 3.662}], 'summary': 'Checked common elements between a and b, found 1, 4, 9 as common elements.', 'duration': 34.932, 'max_score': 8681.768, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX808681768.jpg'}], 'start': 7412.822, 'title': 'Array operations', 'summary': 'Covers matching list elements, array rotation debugging, modulo operation explanation, common elements, and array comparison, with specific examples and explanations for debugging processes and mathematical operations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 7555.936, 'start': 7412.822, 'title': 'Matching list elements', 'summary': "Demonstrates the process of iterating through two lists to find matching elements, debugging as necessary, and reassigning the index for the second list based on a module operation of the first list's length.", 'duration': 143.114, 'highlights': ['Iterating through list one to find matching elements in list two, emphasizing the importance of debugging for understanding.', "Demonstrating the reassignment of the index for list two based on a module operation of list one's length, providing a practical exercise for modules.", 'Explaining the process of comparing elements in list one with corresponding elements in list two and reassigning the index of list two if the elements do not match.']}, {'end': 7973.665, 'start': 7555.956, 'title': 'Array rotation debugging', 'summary': 'Discusses debugging and fixing an issue with array rotation function using a for loop to iterate through the lists and check for matching elements, resulting in a true or false output, with a specific example demonstrating the debugging process.', 'duration': 417.709, 'highlights': ['Debugging the array rotation function using a for loop to iterate through lists and check for matching elements', 'Demonstration of specific example for debugging process', 'Explanation of using a for loop to iterate through the lists and check for matching elements']}, {'end': 8189.963, 'start': 7974.385, 'title': 'Modulo operation explanation', 'summary': 'Explains the modulo operation and the process of matching up elements from two lists and demonstrates how 4 modulo 7 equals 4.', 'duration': 215.578, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the modulo operation using examples of 12 modulo 5 and 4 modulo 7, illustrating the process of finding the remainder.', 'Demonstrates the process of matching up elements from two lists, identifying that the lists have the same length, are composed of the same elements in the same order, with the only difference being the starting index position.', 'Clarifies why 4 modulo 7 equals 4 through a step-by-step explanation, emphasizing the process of finding the remainder and showcasing how the smaller number fits into the larger number.']}, {'end': 8477.344, 'start': 8190.624, 'title': 'Modulo operation and common elements', 'summary': 'Explains modulo operation with examples and also details a method to find common elements between two arrays using pointers and while loops.', 'duration': 286.72, 'highlights': ['Explaining modulo operation with examples and clarifying confusion around numerator and denominator relationships.', 'Detailing the process of finding common elements between two arrays using pointers and while loops.']}, {'end': 8790.691, 'start': 8477.924, 'title': 'Comparison of two arrays', 'summary': 'Covers the comparison of two arrays and the process of appending common elements, with an example of two arrays producing the result 149.', 'duration': 312.767, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the process of comparing two arrays and appending common elements, demonstrated using two arrays with the result 149.', 'The code iterates through the arrays, comparing elements at the same index positions and appending the common elements to the results list.', 'The example provided illustrates the comparison of two arrays, resulting in the common elements 149 being appended to the results list.']}], 'duration': 1377.869, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX807412822.jpg', 'highlights': ['Demonstrates the process of matching up elements from two lists, identifying that the lists have the same length, are composed of the same elements in the same order, with the only difference being the starting index position.', 'The chapter explains the process of comparing two arrays and appending common elements, demonstrated using two arrays with the result 149.', 'Explaining the process of comparing elements in list one with corresponding elements in list two and reassigning the index of list two if the elements do not match.', 'The code iterates through the arrays, comparing elements at the same index positions and appending the common elements to the results list.', 'Explaining the modulo operation with examples and clarifying confusion around numerator and denominator relationships.']}, {'end': 9824.442, 'segs': [{'end': 8986.824, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8956.765, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 8959.607, 'text': 'First, one of the arguments is going to be bombs, what we have here.', 'start': 8956.765, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 8961.248, 'text': "We're going to list the bomb locations.", 'start': 8959.627, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 8963.85, 'text': 'This will be very similar to those who know the game Minesweeper.', 'start': 8961.729, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 8966.508, 'text': "We're going to take rows and columns.", 'start': 8964.947, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 8969.25, 'text': "So this is what it's going to look like, Minesweeper.", 'start': 8967.149, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 8972.373, 'text': 'Here we have two BOM locations.', 'start': 8970.171, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 8975.155, 'text': 'This is going to be a row and a column, row and a column.', 'start': 8973.053, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 8983.201, 'text': 'And then we have our matrix, if you will, a three by four matrix.', 'start': 8977.737, 'duration': 5.464}, {'end': 8986.824, 'text': 'So we have our two BOM locations and our three by four matrix.', 'start': 8983.902, 'duration': 2.922}], 'summary': 'Discussion about bomb locations and a three by four matrix for minesweeper.', 'duration': 30.059, 'max_score': 8956.765, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX808956765.jpg'}, {'end': 9288.732, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9245.841, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 9249.664, 'text': "And I said we're taking three arguments, right? So we're gonna be taking bombs.", 'start': 9245.841, 'duration': 3.823}, {'end': 9252.199, 'text': "that's going to be our.", 'start': 9250.979, 'duration': 1.22}, {'end': 9254.28, 'text': "our. that the first argument that we're putting through.", 'start': 9252.199, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 9262.822, 'text': "then we're also calling in our number of rows and we're calling in you guessed it number of columns.", 'start': 9254.28, 'duration': 8.542}, {'end': 9263.983, 'text': "we're going to close off that function.", 'start': 9262.822, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 9265.163, 'text': 'so we have at least three arguments.', 'start': 9263.983, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 9271.585, 'text': 'but in the bomb argument we can have more than one row column combination.', 'start': 9265.163, 'duration': 6.422}, {'end': 9275.606, 'text': 'so first we want to create a proportionally sized array filled with just zeros.', 'start': 9271.585, 'duration': 4.021}, {'end': 9283.089, 'text': 'so we know we have In our example we want a 3 by 4 array and we want to be filled with zeros first off.', 'start': 9275.606, 'duration': 7.483}, {'end': 9284.45, 'text': "so we're just going to call it field.", 'start': 9283.089, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 9288.732, 'text': "That's going to be our variable that we're going to create and it's going to be a list.", 'start': 9284.59, 'duration': 4.142}], 'summary': 'Creating a 3x4 array filled with zeros for a program with three arguments.', 'duration': 42.891, 'max_score': 9245.841, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX809245841.jpg'}, {'end': 9417.718, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9388.16, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 9390.021, 'text': "And then we're doing a list of lists in the beginning.", 'start': 9388.16, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 9398.185, 'text': 'So I said we were going to do 0, 0 for our first bomb, correct? And then in our second bomb, we are doing 1, 2 for row column.', 'start': 9390.601, 'duration': 7.584}, {'end': 9402.227, 'text': 'Closing off that, closing off the first argument, comma.', 'start': 9399.106, 'duration': 3.121}, {'end': 9408.51, 'text': "And we said we want a 3 by 4 matrix, right? So let's run this and see what we get.", 'start': 9402.647, 'duration': 5.863}, {'end': 9409.33, 'text': 'So now, perfect.', 'start': 9408.55, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 9410.891, 'text': 'So we have.', 'start': 9409.37, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 9411.571, 'text': 'This is our.', 'start': 9410.891, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 9414.534, 'text': "It's known as a list of lists here.", 'start': 9413.052, 'duration': 1.482}, {'end': 9417.718, 'text': "If you want to print it more like a numpy array, that's a different story.", 'start': 9415.055, 'duration': 2.663}], 'summary': 'Creating a 3x4 matrix with specific values.', 'duration': 29.558, 'max_score': 9388.16, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX809388160.jpg'}], 'start': 8790.691, 'title': 'Lists comparison and matrix manipulation', 'summary': 'Discusses comparing lists, finding common elements, and creating a 3x4 matrix with specific bomb locations. it covers iterating through the matrix and implementing conditional statements to ensure boundary constraints, with bomb locations at (0,0) and (1,2).', 'chapters': [{'end': 9005.798, 'start': 8790.691, 'title': 'Comparing lists and finding common elements', 'summary': 'Discusses comparing two lists of numbers, iterating through them, finding common elements, and implementing a function to locate bomb positions in a matrix for a game like minesweeper.', 'duration': 215.107, 'highlights': ['Iterating through two lists to find common elements', 'Implementing a function to locate bomb positions in a matrix', 'Emphasizing the importance of finding common elements in different sequences of numbers and orders']}, {'end': 9572.486, 'start': 9005.838, 'title': 'Creating a 3x4 matrix with bomb locations', 'summary': 'Explains the process of creating a 3x4 matrix with bomb locations, where the bomb locations are at (0,0) and (1,2), and updating the field to show the cells as bombs by changing their positions to -1.', 'duration': 566.648, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the process of creating a 3x4 matrix with bomb locations', 'Updating the field to show the cells as bombs by changing their positions to -1']}, {'end': 9824.442, 'start': 9572.486, 'title': 'Python coding: looping through matrix', 'summary': 'Focuses on creating a loop to iterate through a matrix, where the row and column range are manipulated to select surrounding cells, and conditional statements are implemented to ensure the iteration stays within the matrix boundaries.', 'duration': 251.956, 'highlights': ['Creating a loop to iterate through a matrix, manipulating the row and column range to select surrounding cells.', 'Implementing conditional statements to ensure the iteration stays within the matrix boundaries.']}], 'duration': 1033.751, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX808790691.jpg', 'highlights': ['Creating a 3x4 matrix with bomb locations', 'Iterating through two lists to find common elements', 'Implementing conditional statements for matrix boundary constraints', 'Locating bomb positions in a matrix', 'Emphasizing the importance of finding common elements']}, {'end': 11245.312, 'segs': [{'end': 10768.283, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10740.834, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 10744.055, 'text': 'And then it should go all the way back and then run that code again.', 'start': 10740.834, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 10746.236, 'text': "So let's see how we're doing.", 'start': 10744.075, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 10752.838, 'text': "F8 Now good, we got to line 30, that's our field IJ equals.", 'start': 10747.916, 'duration': 4.922}, {'end': 10754.298, 'text': 'And then you can.', 'start': 10753.298, 'duration': 1}, {'end': 10758.593, 'text': "I'm gonna see if I can make it like this, so we can watch Here.", 'start': 10754.298, 'duration': 4.295}, {'end': 10759.194, 'text': 'we have negative one.', 'start': 10758.593, 'duration': 0.601}, {'end': 10761.776, 'text': 'this zero should turn to a one on the next execution.', 'start': 10759.194, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 10764.459, 'text': 'And the bastard jumped on us.', 'start': 10761.796, 'duration': 2.663}, {'end': 10768.283, 'text': 'Negative one, one, there we go, so we have our one.', 'start': 10766.341, 'duration': 1.942}], 'summary': 'Debugging code to reach line 30, reaching expected result of 1.', 'duration': 27.449, 'max_score': 10740.834, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX8010740834.jpg'}, {'end': 10815.865, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10787.971, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 10791.492, 'text': "Now I'm not going to keep going through this for each location.", 'start': 10787.971, 'duration': 3.521}, {'end': 10795.753, 'text': 'I just wanted to do that for observation for your own self.', 'start': 10791.512, 'duration': 4.241}, {'end': 10801.775, 'text': "But now that you're going to see, we went through range negative one zero one for column as we're done.", 'start': 10796.213, 'duration': 5.562}, {'end': 10804.456, 'text': "So now it's got to go to row number two, which is index of one.", 'start': 10801.915, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 10806.316, 'text': "So when I FA through there, it's going to change now.", 'start': 10804.476, 'duration': 1.84}, {'end': 10813.279, 'text': "Now it's going to start going through this row.", 'start': 10806.896, 'duration': 6.383}, {'end': 10815.865, 'text': "We're going through that row at this point now.", 'start': 10814.321, 'duration': 1.544}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating iteration through rows and columns in a dataset.', 'duration': 27.894, 'max_score': 10787.971, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX8010787971.jpg'}, {'end': 10864.2, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10835.498, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 10842.24, 'text': 'BOM location is now going to change because we ran through the 3x4 matrix for this location.', 'start': 10835.498, 'duration': 6.742}, {'end': 10845.561, 'text': "Now we're going through the matrix for this second BOM location.", 'start': 10842.72, 'duration': 2.841}, {'end': 10848.603, 'text': 'Same exact thing.', 'start': 10847.522, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 10849.903, 'text': "We're going to run through this for loop.", 'start': 10848.643, 'duration': 1.26}, {'end': 10852.754, 'text': 'Come on, baby.', 'start': 10852.074, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 10857.537, 'text': 'One, three, two, three, two, one, two, two.', 'start': 10853.795, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 10860.458, 'text': 'Two should take us out of a loop.', 'start': 10859.138, 'duration': 1.32}, {'end': 10861.699, 'text': "There's no more bomb location.", 'start': 10860.478, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 10864.2, 'text': "So for bomb location and bombs, we're done.", 'start': 10861.739, 'duration': 2.461}], 'summary': 'Bom location changed, ran 3x4 matrix, now done with bomb location and bombs.', 'duration': 28.702, 'max_score': 10835.498, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX8010835498.jpg'}, {'end': 10920.289, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10892.59, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 10896.392, 'text': 'All those ones and twos were controlled by this for loop.', 'start': 10892.59, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 10898.974, 'text': 'What we were doing is in the whole point of the loop again.', 'start': 10897.132, 'duration': 1.842}, {'end': 10906.718, 'text': 'we were trying to find where the bomb locations were, so that if I expose this cell, I know that I have two bombs that are nearby.', 'start': 10898.974, 'duration': 7.744}, {'end': 10911.36, 'text': "So if I brought this out, I'm just trying to make this as visual as possible for you guys.", 'start': 10906.798, 'duration': 4.562}, {'end': 10914.743, 'text': 'Let me do this.', 'start': 10913.983, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 10916.345, 'text': 'Let me bring you up.', 'start': 10914.843, 'duration': 1.502}, {'end': 10920.289, 'text': 'Clear layer.', 'start': 10919.448, 'duration': 0.841}], 'summary': 'For loop used to find bomb locations, exposing nearby cells to reveal two bombs.', 'duration': 27.699, 'max_score': 10892.59, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX8010892590.jpg'}, {'end': 11069.652, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11045.076, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 11051.358, 'text': "And when it's going through the cells, what it was doing was it was trying to find those end, end, end, if we had all three combinations appropriate.", 'start': 11045.076, 'duration': 6.282}, {'end': 11056.46, 'text': 'So in this particular one here, remember, it started as a 0.', 'start': 11051.378, 'duration': 5.082}, {'end': 11058.882, 'text': 'And the first time we went through it, we turned it into a one,', 'start': 11056.46, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 11064.908, 'text': 'because we got to a point where row zero was greater than or equal to zero and was less than three.', 'start': 11058.882, 'duration': 6.026}, {'end': 11069.652, 'text': 'And column one was greater than or equal to zero and it was less than four.', 'start': 11065.688, 'duration': 3.964}], 'summary': 'A process iterates through cells to find combinations, turning 0 into 1 based on certain conditions.', 'duration': 24.576, 'max_score': 11045.076, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX8011045076.jpg'}, {'end': 11136.278, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11109.956, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 11118.281, 'text': "This cell, it only has one bomb in its neighbors, because we're doing, pretty much we're doing depending on the size cells, a three by three.", 'start': 11109.956, 'duration': 8.325}, {'end': 11124.547, 'text': "Because if this did not have one, I'd be checking here, here, here, here, here, and here, here, here, and here.", 'start': 11119.221, 'duration': 5.326}, {'end': 11127.309, 'text': "But that's what the iteration on our for loop was doing.", 'start': 11124.947, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 11136.278, 'text': "And you may sit there and say, how the hell, I did have a student once ask me this, how did, let's make it a little different.", 'start': 11127.89, 'duration': 8.388}], 'summary': 'The cell has only one bomb in its neighbors due to the three by three iteration.', 'duration': 26.322, 'max_score': 11109.956, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX8011109956.jpg'}, {'end': 11245.312, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11201.513, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 11203.455, 'text': "If that's not clear to you, let me know.", 'start': 11201.513, 'duration': 1.942}, {'end': 11205.517, 'text': "But that's how we got it.", 'start': 11203.535, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 11208.3, 'text': 'Essentially when we ran through this loop the first time.', 'start': 11205.857, 'duration': 2.443}, {'end': 11214.866, 'text': 'then we came back up to bomb location and bombs and then it put in this second location of the second bomb.', 'start': 11208.3, 'duration': 6.566}, {'end': 11223.094, 'text': 'Then it went back through this for loop yet again to adjudicate what it was a one into now a two based on this parameter of the code here.', 'start': 11215.266, 'duration': 7.828}, {'end': 11225.616, 'text': 'Pretty involved.', 'start': 11224.515, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 11227.397, 'text': "Granted, I'll give you that.", 'start': 11226.557, 'duration': 0.84}, {'end': 11236.685, 'text': 'But an excellent, excellent, excellent exercise, not just in Python and for loops and nested loops and nested loops within nested loops,', 'start': 11227.518, 'duration': 9.167}, {'end': 11238.987, 'text': 'but even in how you can do like.', 'start': 11236.685, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 11241.228, 'text': 'I think this is a really fun piece of code here.', 'start': 11238.987, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 11244.011, 'text': 'This particular line right here, I thought that was really good.', 'start': 11242.049, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 11245.312, 'text': "And it's a great way to make it visual.", 'start': 11244.031, 'duration': 1.281}], 'summary': 'An exercise in python involving nested loops and visual representation.', 'duration': 43.799, 'max_score': 11201.513, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX8011201513.jpg'}], 'start': 9825.723, 'title': 'Bomb checking and updating field matrix', 'summary': 'Covers bomb checking using an iterative loop with triple true condition, updating field matrix with bomb locations and adjacent cell counts, and iterating to identify bomb locations and adjudicate neighboring cell values in a 3x4 matrix.', 'chapters': [{'end': 9886.673, 'start': 9825.723, 'title': 'Bomb checking loop in game code', 'summary': 'Explains the process of checking for the absence of a bomb in a specific row and column location within a game field using an iterative loop, requiring a triple true condition for execution, and updating the cell if the condition is met.', 'duration': 60.95, 'highlights': ['The process involves checking if the current cell in the field is not equal to a bomb, requiring a true condition for execution.', 'The chapter emphasizes the need for a triple true condition to execute the next loop in order to update the cell in the game field.', 'The loop is designed to ensure there are no bombs in the specified row and column location within the game field.']}, {'end': 10740.354, 'start': 9886.793, 'title': 'Updating field with bomb locations', 'summary': 'Describes the process of updating a field matrix with bomb locations and adjacent cell counts, iterating through the rows and columns, and providing a step-by-step analysis of the code execution.', 'duration': 853.561, 'highlights': ['The chapter details the iterative process of updating a field matrix by checking for bomb locations and updating adjacent cell counts, providing a thorough explanation of the code execution.', 'The explanation includes step-by-step breakdowns of the code logic, such as evaluating conditions for row and column indices, and updating the field matrix based on bomb locations.', 'The speaker demonstrates the debugging process, confirming the appropriate updating of the field matrix and the accurate identification of adjacent bomb locations.', 'The chapter also discusses the range calculations for rows and columns, emphasizing the importance of accurately defining the range to avoid errors in the code execution.']}, {'end': 11245.312, 'start': 10740.834, 'title': 'Iterating and adjudicating bomb locations', 'summary': 'Details the iteration process through a 3x4 matrix to identify bomb locations and adjudicate the neighboring cell values, resulting in a visual representation of bomb locations and their neighboring cell counts.', 'duration': 504.478, 'highlights': ['The transcript details the iteration process through a 3x4 matrix to identify bomb locations and adjudicate the neighboring cell values.', 'The transcript explains the process of visual representation of bomb locations and their neighboring cell counts.', 'The chapter emphasizes the educational value of the exercise in Python, for loops, nested loops, and visual representation of the code.']}], 'duration': 1419.589, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX809825723.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the need for a triple true condition to execute the next loop', 'The process involves checking if the current cell in the field is not equal to a bomb', 'The loop is designed to ensure there are no bombs in the specified row and column location', 'The chapter details the iterative process of updating a field matrix by checking for bomb locations', 'The explanation includes step-by-step breakdowns of the code logic', 'The chapter discusses the range calculations for rows and columns', 'The transcript details the iteration process through a 3x4 matrix to identify bomb locations', 'The transcript explains the process of visual representation of bomb locations and their neighboring cell counts', 'The chapter emphasizes the educational value of the exercise in Python, for loops, nested loops, and visual representation of the code', 'The speaker demonstrates the debugging process, confirming the appropriate updating of the field matrix']}, {'end': 12563.4, 'segs': [{'end': 11323.731, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11294.361, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 11297.743, 'text': "That's because we, as far as we know, we gave it one, two, three, and four.", 'start': 11294.361, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 11302.646, 'text': 'So we want to encapsulate this entire list of lists as one argument.', 'start': 11297.823, 'duration': 4.823}, {'end': 11306.208, 'text': "So then when we run it, we'll get the appropriate output.", 'start': 11303.526, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 11319.808, 'text': 'Given an array, what is the most frequently occurring element within that array? So this is going to be done in linear time, so a big O of N.', 'start': 11310.919, 'duration': 8.889}, {'end': 11323.731, 'text': "Essentially, what we're just going to do is create an empty dictionary to keep track of the occurrences.", 'start': 11319.808, 'duration': 3.923}], 'summary': 'Create a linear time algorithm to find the most frequent element in an array using a dictionary.', 'duration': 29.37, 'max_score': 11294.361, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX8011294361.jpg'}, {'end': 11818.391, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11796.283, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 11806.362, 'text': 'So another quick function just to show us how we can utilize lists for loops, iterations if loop, else loop, and just some,', 'start': 11796.283, 'duration': 10.079}, {'end': 11808.283, 'text': 'creating some variables inside.', 'start': 11806.362, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 11809.344, 'text': 'that will create a counter.', 'start': 11808.283, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 11818.391, 'text': "So you'll notice a lot of what we'll be doing in a lot of our array problems is we're creating counters or creating pointers to iterate through arrays or we're getting counters in dictionary style.", 'start': 11809.925, 'duration': 8.466}], 'summary': 'Utilize lists for loops and iterations to create counters and pointers.', 'duration': 22.108, 'max_score': 11796.283, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX8011796283.jpg'}, {'end': 11973.695, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11945.179, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 11947.839, 'text': "We're just going to fix that up so string is a little bit cleaner.", 'start': 11945.179, 'duration': 2.66}, {'end': 11953.121, 'text': 'Now, the easiest way to do this using Python built-in structures is with a set.', 'start': 11948.48, 'duration': 4.641}, {'end': 11958.282, 'text': 'And remember, a set is an unordered collection of unique elements.', 'start': 11954.481, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 11960.383, 'text': "So it's giving us unique elements.", 'start': 11958.322, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 11962.264, 'text': "It's just not going to be ordered.", 'start': 11960.403, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 11963.124, 'text': "We don't care about order.", 'start': 11962.304, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 11973.695, 'text': "So, therefore, if we can create our string that is going to be in a set, then it's very easy to see if, comparing the length of it,", 'start': 11964.249, 'duration': 9.446}], 'summary': 'Using python sets to clean up string for unique elements.', 'duration': 28.516, 'max_score': 11945.179, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX8011945179.jpg'}, {'end': 12565.781, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12539.315, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 12544.901, 'text': "And then after this is done, I'm going to show you how you can return every single element that is not repeating.", 'start': 12539.315, 'duration': 5.586}, {'end': 12548.925, 'text': 'This has huge implications in security.', 'start': 12545.382, 'duration': 3.543}, {'end': 12551.708, 'text': 'So, for those of you who are like why am I ever going to need this??', 'start': 12549.025, 'duration': 2.683}, {'end': 12552.189, 'text': 'So what is it??', 'start': 12551.728, 'duration': 0.461}, {'end': 12561.5, 'text': 'Not only is this great practice for Python and for algorithm learning for interviews, but this is also very applicable to data security.', 'start': 12552.697, 'duration': 8.803}, {'end': 12563.4, 'text': "So let's jump in.", 'start': 12562.1, 'duration': 1.3}, {'end': 12565.781, 'text': 'And not to mention, this is also linear time solution.', 'start': 12563.48, 'duration': 2.301}], 'summary': 'Return non-repeating elements in python has implications in security and is applicable to data security, offering a linear time solution.', 'duration': 26.466, 'max_score': 12539.315, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX8012539315.jpg'}], 'start': 11245.892, 'title': 'Python function argument usage, finding most frequent element, and utilizing lists for iterations and creating counters', 'summary': 'Explores python function argument usage, finding most frequent element in linear time, utilizing lists for iterations and creating counters, and efficiently finding unique elements in a string using python built-in structures with implications in data security.', 'chapters': [{'end': 11293.661, 'start': 11245.892, 'title': 'Python function argument usage', 'summary': 'Explores the usage of python function arguments, demonstrating the ability to pass a list of lists as a single argument, resulting in an error when the number of parameters exceeds the specified arguments.', 'duration': 47.769, 'highlights': ['Demonstrates passing a list of lists as a single argument, allowing for multiple parameters within a single argument.', 'Highlights the occurrence of an error when the number of parameters exceeds the specified arguments.', 'Illustrates the consequence of not using a list of lists as an argument, resulting in an error.']}, {'end': 11570.389, 'start': 11294.361, 'title': 'Find most frequent element', 'summary': 'Discusses a python function to find the most frequently occurring element in a given array, achieving this in linear time with a big o of n.', 'duration': 276.028, 'highlights': ['The function is designed to find the most frequently occurring element in a given array in linear time with a big O of N.', 'The function creates an empty dictionary to keep track of the occurrences of elements in the array.', 'The function iterates through the array to update the count and the most frequently occurring item.']}, {'end': 11945.159, 'start': 11574.804, 'title': 'Utilizing lists for iterations and creating counters', 'summary': 'Includes a demonstration of iterating through a list and creating counters using loops and if-else statements, followed by a discussion on checking the uniqueness of characters in a string.', 'duration': 370.355, 'highlights': ['The function demonstrates iterating through a list, including passing a list of numbers and updating a dictionary to count the occurrences of each element.', 'Explaining the process of finding the least occurring element in a list using counters and dictionary style, with a specific example of identifying the least frequently occurring element.', 'Discussion on checking the uniqueness of characters in a string, including the use of Python built-in structures and the demonstration of replacing spaces in a string to evaluate character uniqueness.']}, {'end': 12563.4, 'start': 11945.179, 'title': 'Finding unique elements in python', 'summary': 'Explains how to efficiently find unique elements in a string using python built-in structures and without using python built-in functions, showcasing the use of sets and iterating through characters to determine uniqueness, with implications in data security.', 'duration': 618.221, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the use of sets in Python to efficiently find unique elements in a string, simplifying the process by comparing the length of the set string to the original string.', 'The chapter then presents an alternative method to find unique elements in a string without using Python built-in functions, by iterating through the characters and adding them to a set to determine uniqueness.', 'The chapter emphasizes the implications of finding unique elements in data security, highlighting the practical application of the concept in data security and its relevance to algorithm learning and interviews.']}], 'duration': 1317.508, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX8011245892.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the implications of finding unique elements in data security, highlighting the practical application of the concept in data security and its relevance to algorithm learning and interviews.', 'The function is designed to find the most frequently occurring element in a given array in linear time with a big O of N.', 'The chapter discusses the use of sets in Python to efficiently find unique elements in a string, simplifying the process by comparing the length of the set string to the original string.', 'The function demonstrates iterating through a list, including passing a list of numbers and updating a dictionary to count the occurrences of each element.']}, {'end': 13627.325, 'segs': [{'end': 12640.271, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12608.163, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 12610.804, 'text': "So we're just gonna make everything lowercase for simplicity sake.", 'start': 12608.163, 'duration': 2.641}, {'end': 12614.968, 'text': "Now, How are we gonna even do this one? Well, we're gonna create a dictionary.", 'start': 12611.385, 'duration': 3.583}, {'end': 12622.813, 'text': "And again, the dictionaries or hash tables, depending on your language, they're all gonna track the key value pair for each character in the string.", 'start': 12615.388, 'duration': 7.425}, {'end': 12624.274, 'text': "So we're just creating a count.", 'start': 12623.233, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 12627.736, 'text': "It's not very different from a lot of the stuff that we've done, just done it a little bit different way.", 'start': 12624.574, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 12630.017, 'text': "So we're gonna create a character count.", 'start': 12628.296, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 12640.271, 'text': "And again, that was just gonna be at this point an empty dictionary, all right? Now, for character in S, or for CNS, we'll keep it nice and simple.", 'start': 12630.498, 'duration': 9.773}], 'summary': 'Creating a lowercase character count using dictionaries and tracking key-value pairs for each character in the string.', 'duration': 32.108, 'max_score': 12608.163, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX8012608163.jpg'}, {'end': 12851.745, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12824.221, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 12830.544, 'text': 'The reason for that is as it goes through this loop and it creates the counts for the dictionary when it goes through this and it gets to the letter I,', 'start': 12824.221, 'duration': 6.323}, {'end': 12835.986, 'text': "because that's the first one that it's coming across if character count equals one that one does.", 'start': 12830.544, 'duration': 5.442}, {'end': 12839.348, 'text': "So it's going to return C, and it's going to completely take me out of the loop at that point.", 'start': 12836.486, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 12840.608, 'text': "It's going to stop going on.", 'start': 12839.368, 'duration': 1.24}, {'end': 12845.751, 'text': "But you're going to see later how we would have to.", 'start': 12841.189, 'duration': 4.562}, {'end': 12851.745, 'text': 'we would get multiple returns for unique elements.', 'start': 12849.724, 'duration': 2.021}], 'summary': 'The loop creates counts for dictionary and stops at first unique element.', 'duration': 27.524, 'max_score': 12824.221, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX8012824221.jpg'}, {'end': 13153.2, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13124.347, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 13131.353, 'text': "Well, our character count that we have from above and we're sorting it by the items that are with inside of it.", 'start': 13124.347, 'duration': 7.006}, {'end': 13135.494, 'text': "Now by doing this, what we are, that's not right.", 'start': 13132.253, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 13140.376, 'text': "That's better, I'll add, because I do wanna add one more piece to this.", 'start': 13136.314, 'duration': 4.062}, {'end': 13146.598, 'text': "So we're sorting, we're taking our dictionary that we created and we're sorting it based off of the items that are within that.", 'start': 13141.556, 'duration': 5.042}, {'end': 13153.2, 'text': "That's gonna put this in an ascending, meaning the lowest count to the highest count of the elements.", 'start': 13146.998, 'duration': 6.202}], 'summary': 'Sorting dictionary by character count in ascending order.', 'duration': 28.853, 'max_score': 13124.347, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX8013124347.jpg'}, {'end': 13622.058, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13599.23, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 13609.5, 'text': 'So I feel that this one is much more productive, this particular code, simply because of the fact that we were able to return all uniques,', 'start': 13599.23, 'duration': 10.27}, {'end': 13612.243, 'text': 'all non-repetitives within that string.', 'start': 13609.5, 'duration': 2.743}, {'end': 13616.111, 'text': 'And that non-repetitive is obviously based on the lowest key value.', 'start': 13613.228, 'duration': 2.883}, {'end': 13622.058, 'text': 'And again, this has huge implications in data security and encryption.', 'start': 13616.792, 'duration': 5.266}], 'summary': 'Code returns all unique non-repetitive values based on lowest key, with implications in data security and encryption.', 'duration': 22.828, 'max_score': 13599.23, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX8013599230.jpg'}], 'start': 12563.48, 'title': 'Python string manipulation and unique element identification', 'summary': 'Discusses finding non-repeating characters, string manipulation, and identifying unique elements in python. it covers creating a function to find non-repeating characters, manipulating strings, identifying unique elements, and comparing and identifying unique elements with a focus on data security and encryption.', 'chapters': [{'end': 12869.378, 'start': 12563.48, 'title': 'Non-repeating characters', 'summary': 'Discusses the creation of a function to find non-repeating characters in a string, by creating a dictionary to track the count of each character and iterating through the string to find unique characters, returning them or indicating if there are no unique characters.', 'duration': 305.898, 'highlights': ['The function creates a dictionary to track the count of each character in the string, allowing for a linear time solution.', 'The iteration through the string involves replacing spaces with no spaces and converting all characters to lowercase for simplicity and consistency.', 'The function iterates through the string to count the occurrences of each character, adding them to the character count dictionary and differentiating between unique and repeating characters.', "If a character has a count of one in the dictionary, it is considered unique and returned, otherwise, 'none' is returned if there are no unique characters.", 'The debugging process reveals how the function handles unique characters and stops iterating through the string once a unique character is found, demonstrating the efficiency of the solution.']}, {'end': 13316.748, 'start': 12869.398, 'title': 'String manipulation and unique element identification', 'summary': 'Discusses the manipulation of a string by converting it to lowercase, removing spaces, and creating a dictionary to count the occurrences of each character. it then demonstrates a method to identify unique elements within the string by sorting the dictionary and creating a list of unique elements.', 'duration': 447.35, 'highlights': ['The process of creating a dictionary to count the occurrences of each character in the string is explained in detail.', 'A method to identify unique elements within the string by sorting the dictionary and creating a list of unique elements is demonstrated.', 'The use of lambda function for sorting and key extraction is introduced and explained in the context of sorting the dictionary.']}, {'end': 13627.325, 'start': 13318.103, 'title': 'Comparing and identifying unique elements', 'summary': 'Explains a python code to compare and identify unique elements within a string using a function that returns non-repetitive elements, resulting in a count of non-repeats and its implications in data security and encryption.', 'duration': 309.222, 'highlights': ['The Python code demonstrates a function to compare and identify unique elements within a string, resulting in a count of non-repeats and its implications in data security and encryption.', 'The function returns all unique non-repetitive elements within the string, based on the lowest key value, with implications in data security and encryption.', 'The code iterates through the string to identify and append non-repetitive elements into a list, resulting in a count of non-repeats and its implications in data security and encryption.']}], 'duration': 1063.845, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/p65AHm9MX80/pics/p65AHm9MX8012563480.jpg', 'highlights': ['The function creates a dictionary to track the count of each character in the string, allowing for a linear time solution.', 'The function iterates through the string to count the occurrences of each character, adding them to the character count dictionary and differentiating between unique and repeating characters.', 'The process of creating a dictionary to count the occurrences of each character in the string is explained in detail.', 'The Python code demonstrates a function to compare and identify unique elements within a string, resulting in a count of non-repeats and its implications in data security and encryption.', 'A method to identify unique elements within the string by sorting the dictionary and creating a list of unique elements is demonstrated.']}], 'highlights': ["The 'sum two' algorithm is significantly faster than 'sum one' when computing the sum of numbers from 1 to n, with 'sum two' taking nanoseconds while 'sum one' takes microseconds for the same input value of n=100.", 'The primary purpose of the video series is to analyze algorithms and their relevance for computer science interviews.', 'Big O notation is used to objectively compare the efficiency of the two algorithms by describing how quickly the runtime will grow relative to the input as the input gets arbitrarily large.', "The chapter introduces the concept of anagrams and demonstrates examples such as 'public relations' and 'crap built on lies' being anagrams.", 'The chapter discusses the creation of a function in Jupyter Notebooks to compare two strings as anagrams, by ignoring spaces and capitalization.', 'The chapter emphasizes the implications of finding unique elements in data security, highlighting the practical application of the concept in data security and its relevance to algorithm learning and interviews.', 'The function is designed to find the most frequently occurring element in a given array in linear time with a big O of N.', "The chapter explains the process of reversing a sentence by breaking it into words and then reversing the order of the words, demonstrated with an example string 'this is the best', resulting in the reversed sentence 'best the is this'.", 'The chapter demonstrates two ways to reverse a string in Python, utilizing built-in functions and without using built-ins.', 'The chapter provides a step-by-step analysis of the largest continuous sum code debugging process, including memory allocation and variable changes.']}