title
Java Interview Questions and Answers | Java Tutorial | Java Online Training | Edureka
description
🔥 Edureka Java Training (Use Code "𝐘𝐎𝐔𝐓𝐔𝐁𝐄𝟐𝟎") - https://www.edureka.co/java-j2ee-training-course
This Edureka Java tutorial video will help you to prepare yourself for Java Interviews ( Java Interview Questions Blog: https://goo.gl/831IWs ). Learn about the most important Java interview questions and answers and know what will set you apart in the interview process.
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This tutorial covers Java Interview Questions on:
4:08 Basic Java Questions
38:51 OOPS Questions
58:35 Servlets
1:07:37 JDBC
1:15:26 Spring
1:32:22 Hibernate
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About the Course
Edureka's Advanced Java/J2EE and SOA training and certification course is designed for students and professionals who want to be a Java Developer. This is a 42 hour course which will cover both core and advanced Java concepts like Database connectivity, Threads, Exception Handling, Collections, JSP, Servlets, XML Handling etc. We will also learn various Java frameworks like Hibernate and Spring. During our Java/ Certification training, our instructors will help you:
1. Develop the code with various Java data types, conditions and loops.
2. Implement arrays, functions and string handling techniques.
3. Understand object oriented programming through Java using Classes, Objects and various Java concepts like Abstract, Final etc.
4. Implement multi-threading and exception handling.
5. Use parse XML files using DOM and SAX in Java.
6. Write a code in JDBC to communicate with Database.
7. Develop web applications and JSP pages.
8. Interact with the database using hibernate framework.
9. Write code with spring framework components like Dependency Injection and Auto Wiring.
10. Implement SOA using web services.
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Who should go for this course?
This course is designed for professionals aspiring to become Java Developers. Programmers, Web Developers, Web Designers, Programming Hobbyists, Database Administrators, Youngsters who want to kick start their career are the key beneficiaries of this course.
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Why learn Java?
Java is a general-purpose, class-based, object-oriented computer programming language that was designed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems in 1995.
Key Highlights of Java:
Platform Independent: This allows programmers to develop applications that can run on any operating system.
Usability of Java: Java is most widely used programming language. It is present everywhere. It really doesn't matter which domain you are working in, you will surely come across Java sooner or later!
Open Source: The good news is that Java is available for free! All the development tools and the environment (JRE & JDK) that is used to develop Java applications are absolutely free of cost.
Android: Irrespective of the fact that you are tech savvy or not, most of us are badly bitten by the Android bug! Android is in great demand today and fortunately you need Java for Android development. Hence, the importance of Java has increased even more.
Hadoop: Hadoop is one of the most trending framework for processing Big Data. It has been designed and developed in Java.
In spite of having a tough competition on the server side from Microsoft and other companies, Java is doing extremely well on mobile platforms, thanks to Android! It has also been the primary language for Hadoop Developers.
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detail
{'title': 'Java Interview Questions and Answers | Java Tutorial | Java Online Training | Edureka', 'heatmap': [{'end': 367.983, 'start': 299.8, 'weight': 0.766}, {'end': 3158.425, 'start': 3090.476, 'weight': 0.769}, {'end': 3518.405, 'start': 3269.426, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': 'Covers essential java concepts including synchronization, wrapper classes, memory management, oop, runtime polymorphism, servlets, jdbc, spring framework, dependency injection, and hibernate benefits, offering comprehensive insights into java skills required for job prospects and salary trends.', 'chapters': [{'end': 793.378, 'segs': [{'end': 91.467, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 64.491, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 74.156, 'text': "So even if you browse on the various job indexing sites, you'll be able to see that Java has been rated as number one programming language.", 'start': 64.491, 'duration': 9.665}, {'end': 81.081, 'text': "So it's used by 10 million developers and over 15 billion of devices, they are powered by Java.", 'start': 74.857, 'duration': 6.224}, {'end': 91.467, 'text': 'And Java is nowadays very popular language, especially in terms of when you come up with a mobile application development with Android right?', 'start': 81.521, 'duration': 9.946}], 'summary': 'Java is the top programming language, used by 10 million developers and over 15 billion devices, especially in mobile app development with android.', 'duration': 26.976, 'max_score': 64.491, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM64491.jpg'}, {'end': 169.621, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 144.001, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 154.75, 'text': 'if we talk about the distribution and the salary trends again, java outshines right and 62% of the java development jobs are available in the market.', 'start': 144.001, 'duration': 10.749}, {'end': 159.655, 'text': 'right. we got various different roles in which the people can fit in.', 'start': 154.75, 'duration': 4.905}, {'end': 169.621, 'text': 'we got engineers, architects, programmers, leads, analysts and consultants right, and and we got one or two, two, four, six dollars per year,', 'start': 159.655, 'duration': 9.966}], 'summary': '62% of java development jobs are available in the market, offering salaries from $126,000 to $246,000 per year.', 'duration': 25.62, 'max_score': 144.001, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM144001.jpg'}, {'end': 240.407, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 211.504, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 218.67, 'text': "then you got Java database connectivity, where we'll be understanding and we'll be introducing to few of the concepts in the market.", 'start': 211.504, 'duration': 7.166}, {'end': 224.195, 'text': 'with respect to the database connectivity, then spring, as in the framework of frameworks right.', 'start': 218.67, 'duration': 5.525}, {'end': 229.179, 'text': "so we'll be discussing what is spring and emphasis will be on the MVC part.", 'start': 224.195, 'duration': 4.984}, {'end': 230.44, 'text': "that's like model view controller.", 'start': 229.179, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 233.222, 'text': "And lastly, we'll be discussing the Hibernate.", 'start': 230.9, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 240.407, 'text': 'So Hibernate is going to be the backend framework, right? How you can opt for Hibernate instead of JDBC.', 'start': 233.762, 'duration': 6.645}], 'summary': 'Introduction to java database connectivity, spring mvc, and hibernate as backend framework alternatives.', 'duration': 28.903, 'max_score': 211.504, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM211504.jpg'}, {'end': 286.035, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 257.498, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 260.339, 'text': "That's like JDK, JRE and JVM.", 'start': 257.498, 'duration': 2.841}, {'end': 264.482, 'text': 'So as a Java developer, you must have a fair knowledge.', 'start': 260.959, 'duration': 3.523}, {'end': 269.185, 'text': 'What exactly are these three terms, right? So guys, let us understand now.', 'start': 264.943, 'duration': 4.242}, {'end': 273.608, 'text': 'So Java virtual machine is basically an abstract machine.', 'start': 269.705, 'duration': 3.903}, {'end': 276.81, 'text': "It's a software which is already provided by the platform.", 'start': 273.708, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 279.752, 'text': 'So it provides the runtime environment.', 'start': 277.31, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 286.035, 'text': 'Whenever you are writing the Java source code, it gets compiled into the bytecode.', 'start': 280.152, 'duration': 5.883}], 'summary': 'Java developer needs fair knowledge of jdk, jre, and jvm. jvm is an abstract machine which provides the runtime environment for java source code compilation.', 'duration': 28.537, 'max_score': 257.498, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM257498.jpg'}, {'end': 379.831, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 299.8, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 305.044, 'text': 'so JRE set of libraries required by the JVM in order to execute your code.', 'start': 299.8, 'duration': 5.244}, {'end': 312.344, 'text': 'JDK is one development kit required by the Java developer.', 'start': 305.76, 'duration': 6.584}, {'end': 317.967, 'text': 'so it consists of various APIs for you through which you can write your code.', 'start': 312.344, 'duration': 5.623}, {'end': 319.408, 'text': 'so just one instance, right.', 'start': 317.967, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 327.012, 'text': 'so JDK will contain your various packages coming into, for example, java.io, java.utils.', 'start': 319.408, 'duration': 7.604}, {'end': 332.135, 'text': 'all these APIs, the set of library, the information that comes from your Java development kit.', 'start': 327.012, 'duration': 5.123}, {'end': 335.737, 'text': 'Other than that, it has various tools also available.', 'start': 332.655, 'duration': 3.082}, {'end': 344.321, 'text': 'For example, Java and Java C, right? So Java C is a tool which is used for compilation whereas Java is for the execution of your bytecode.', 'start': 336.117, 'duration': 8.204}, {'end': 347.063, 'text': 'So these tools are also part of JDK.', 'start': 344.721, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 349.304, 'text': "So let's switch on to the next question.", 'start': 347.583, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 353.806, 'text': 'What is synchronization? This is one of the hot favorite questions.', 'start': 350.004, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 358.969, 'text': 'Whenever you talk of threads, so we do have this term known as synchronization.', 'start': 354.346, 'duration': 4.623}, {'end': 367.983, 'text': "So synchronization is something where multiple threads, if they're gonna access the same object, right?", 'start': 359.617, 'duration': 8.366}, {'end': 372.426, 'text': 'So there is only one resource, which multiple threads they want to access.', 'start': 368.023, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 375.548, 'text': 'You need to come up with something known as synchronization.', 'start': 372.846, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 379.831, 'text': "So guys, what is synchronization? Here, we'll take up one example.", 'start': 375.908, 'duration': 3.923}], 'summary': 'Jdk includes apis and tools for java development. synchronization manages access to shared resources in multi-threaded programming.', 'duration': 25.485, 'max_score': 299.8, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM299800.jpg'}, {'end': 457.879, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 433.014, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 442.28, 'text': 'So synchronization is a process which gonna keep all the concurrent traits in the execution to be in a synchronous mode one after the other.', 'start': 433.014, 'duration': 9.266}, {'end': 445.502, 'text': 'The lock acquisition is gonna come up into action.', 'start': 442.3, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 453.387, 'text': 'Synchronization will avoid the memory consistency errors due to any inconsistent view of the shared memory.', 'start': 446.062, 'duration': 7.325}, {'end': 457.879, 'text': 'Let us understand the difference between processes and threads now.', 'start': 454.056, 'duration': 3.823}], 'summary': 'Synchronization ensures orderly execution, preventing memory errors and managing threads.', 'duration': 24.865, 'max_score': 433.014, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM433014.jpg'}, {'end': 730.223, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 699.602, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 703.464, 'text': 'so one process when it wants to interact with the other process.', 'start': 699.602, 'duration': 3.862}, {'end': 711.268, 'text': 'we call the processes as inter-process communication, where threads within a process they can directly interact with each other.', 'start': 703.464, 'duration': 7.804}, {'end': 714.45, 'text': 'When we talk of the control statement.', 'start': 712.129, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 720.314, 'text': 'so processes can only exercise control over the child processes,', 'start': 714.45, 'duration': 5.864}, {'end': 725.097, 'text': 'whereas threads can exercise considerable control over the threads of the same process.', 'start': 720.314, 'duration': 4.783}, {'end': 730.223, 'text': 'Any change in the parent process will not affect the child process,', 'start': 725.902, 'duration': 4.321}], 'summary': 'Inter-process communication allows processes to interact, while threads within a process can directly interact with each other. processes can exercise control over child processes, while threads can exercise considerable control over threads of the same process.', 'duration': 30.621, 'max_score': 699.602, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM699602.jpg'}, {'end': 770.718, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 747.747, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 754.929, 'text': 'whereas threads share the same memory space which is being allocated to the process by the operating system.', 'start': 747.747, 'duration': 7.182}, {'end': 763.433, 'text': 'so, guys, once again, process is controlled by OS, whereas threads are controlled by the programmer in a program right, or you can say,', 'start': 755.549, 'duration': 7.884}, {'end': 765.134, 'text': 'by the process itself.', 'start': 763.433, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 768.917, 'text': 'if you talk of the dependency level, processes are independent.', 'start': 765.134, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 770.718, 'text': 'where threads they gonna get dependent?', 'start': 768.917, 'duration': 1.801}], 'summary': 'Processes are controlled by os, while threads are controlled by the programmer and may become dependent.', 'duration': 22.971, 'max_score': 747.747, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM747747.jpg'}], 'start': 0.069, 'title': 'Java and synchronization', 'summary': 'Provides insights into the market demand for java, highlighting its popularity, job prospects, and salary trends. it also delves into key java topics and addresses fundamental interview questions. additionally, it discusses synchronization in multithreading and the differences between processes and threads, covering key points such as synchronization, multithreading, and memory structure.', 'chapters': [{'end': 353.806, 'start': 0.069, 'title': 'Java interview insights', 'summary': 'Provides insights into the market demand for java, highlighting its popularity, job prospects, and salary trends, with java being rated as the number one programming language, used by 10 million developers, over 15 billion devices powered by java, and an average salary of $124,600 per year for java developers in the us. additionally, it delves into key topics such as oop, servlets, jdbc, spring, and hibernate, and addresses fundamental java interview questions including the differences between jdk, jre, and jvm, and the concept of synchronization.', 'duration': 353.737, 'highlights': ['Java being rated as the number one programming language Java has been rated as the number one programming language, used by 10 million developers, and over 15 billion devices are powered by Java.', 'Average salary of $124,600 per year for Java developers in the US The average salary for a Java developer in the US is $124,600 per year, with 62% of Java development jobs available in the market.', 'Key topics such as OOP, servlets, JDBC, Spring, and Hibernate The chapter covers key topics such as OOP, servlets, JDBC, Spring, and Hibernate, providing insights into these fundamental aspects of Java development.', 'Differences between JDK, JRE, and JVM The chapter explains the differences between JDK, JRE, and JVM, providing a fundamental understanding for Java developers.', 'Concept of synchronization The chapter addresses the concept of synchronization, a hot favorite question in Java interviews, providing insights into this important topic.']}, {'end': 793.378, 'start': 354.346, 'title': 'Synchronization and threads vs. processes', 'summary': 'Discusses synchronization in multithreading, explaining the concept through an example of booking movie tickets and then delves into the differences between processes and threads, covering key points such as synchronization, multithreading, control statements, memory structure, and dependency levels.', 'duration': 439.032, 'highlights': ['Synchronization is essential for multiple threads accessing the same resource, ensuring only one thread can access it at a time, thus maintaining memory consistency and avoiding shared memory inconsistencies. Synchronization is crucial for ensuring memory consistency and avoiding shared memory inconsistencies when multiple threads access the same resource.', 'Threads are controlled by the programmer, and they share the same memory space allocated to the process by the operating system, unlike processes, which run in separate memory spaces. Threads are controlled by the programmer and share the same memory space allocated to the process, unlike processes that run in separate memory spaces.', 'Processes exercise control over child processes, while threads can exercise considerable control over other threads within the same process, leading to potential dependencies between threads. Processes exercise control over child processes, while threads can have dependencies on each other within the same process.', 'Processes are independent, whereas threads can have dependencies, as demonstrated by the outsourcing of tasks from the main thread to user threads, creating a reliance between them. Processes are independent, while threads can have dependencies, as seen in the outsourcing of tasks from the main thread to user threads, creating reliance between them.']}], 'duration': 793.309, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM69.jpg', 'highlights': ['Java has been rated as the number one programming language, used by 10 million developers, and over 15 billion devices are powered by Java.', 'The average salary for a Java developer in the US is $124,600 per year, with 62% of Java development jobs available in the market.', 'The chapter covers key topics such as OOP, servlets, JDBC, Spring, and Hibernate, providing insights into these fundamental aspects of Java development.', 'The chapter explains the differences between JDK, JRE, and JVM, providing a fundamental understanding for Java developers.', 'The chapter addresses the concept of synchronization, a hot favorite question in Java interviews, providing insights into this important topic.', 'Synchronization is crucial for ensuring memory consistency and avoiding shared memory inconsistencies when multiple threads access the same resource.', 'Threads are controlled by the programmer and share the same memory space allocated to the process, unlike processes that run in separate memory spaces.', 'Processes exercise control over child processes, while threads can have dependencies on each other within the same process.', 'Processes are independent, while threads can have dependencies, as seen in the outsourcing of tasks from the main thread to user threads, creating reliance between them.']}, {'end': 1486.527, 'segs': [{'end': 848.024, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 794.179, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 799.622, 'text': 'so the next fundamental is what exactly is a wrapper class?', 'start': 794.179, 'duration': 5.443}, {'end': 805.945, 'text': 'now, this is also one of you know, the hot, favorite question which is always asked what is the wrapper class?', 'start': 799.622, 'duration': 6.323}, {'end': 809.527, 'text': 'what is meant by the term boxing or the auto boxing?', 'start': 805.945, 'duration': 3.582}, {'end': 811.729, 'text': 'so let us see this part, guys.', 'start': 809.527, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 820.433, 'text': 'so wrapper classes, they are the way where we can convert the java primitives into the reference types.', 'start': 811.729, 'duration': 8.704}, {'end': 821.414, 'text': "that's like the objects.", 'start': 820.433, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 827.278, 'text': "so each and every primitive type has a wrapper class defined and it's in by default.", 'start': 822.253, 'duration': 5.025}, {'end': 829.1, 'text': 'they are available in java.lang package.', 'start': 827.278, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 831.742, 'text': 'you need not to import any package.', 'start': 829.1, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 841.038, 'text': 'so for boolean, we got boolean right, for char we got character and for int we got integer, for double, so on and so forth, guys.', 'start': 831.742, 'duration': 9.296}, {'end': 848.024, 'text': 'so wrapper classes are the means by which you are able to convert your primitives into the references.', 'start': 841.038, 'duration': 6.986}], 'summary': 'Wrapper classes convert java primitives into reference types.', 'duration': 53.845, 'max_score': 794.179, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM794179.jpg'}, {'end': 931.309, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 896.803, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 914.152, 'text': 'on the other way around, when you say in J, assign irif, dot int value, so this concept is known as unboxing right, extracting the value from object.', 'start': 896.803, 'duration': 17.349}, {'end': 922.838, 'text': 'so you must understand this concept over here, boxing versus unboxing, which is achieved with the help of wrapper classes.', 'start': 914.152, 'duration': 8.686}, {'end': 929.388, 'text': 'other than that, you can also say integer kref, assign i.', 'start': 922.838, 'duration': 6.55}, {'end': 931.309, 'text': 'so this is known as auto boxing.', 'start': 929.388, 'duration': 1.921}], 'summary': 'Concepts of boxing, unboxing, and auto boxing are explained in java.', 'duration': 34.506, 'max_score': 896.803, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM896803.jpg'}, {'end': 991.675, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 963.906, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 967.367, 'text': 'so this is known as auto unboxing.', 'start': 963.906, 'duration': 3.461}, {'end': 971.549, 'text': 'so important question again what is boxing versus unboxing?', 'start': 967.367, 'duration': 4.182}, {'end': 976.07, 'text': 'and thereafter, what is auto boxing versus auto unboxing?', 'start': 971.549, 'duration': 4.521}, {'end': 983.133, 'text': 'so the major reason why we do boxing or unboxing is to convert primitives into the objects.', 'start': 976.07, 'duration': 7.063}, {'end': 991.675, 'text': "now you're talking about object oriented programming structure, right, so we are always thinking of objects now.", 'start': 983.133, 'duration': 8.542}], 'summary': 'Auto unboxing converts primitives into objects in object-oriented programming.', 'duration': 27.769, 'max_score': 963.906, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM963906.jpg'}, {'end': 1091.83, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1063.957, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1070.842, 'text': 'So final is a keyword where you are able to mark your variables as constant.', 'start': 1063.957, 'duration': 6.885}, {'end': 1073.683, 'text': 'you can also mark your classes to be final.', 'start': 1070.842, 'duration': 2.841}, {'end': 1074.623, 'text': 'in that context.', 'start': 1073.683, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 1077.624, 'text': 'you cannot inherit from that class.', 'start': 1074.623, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 1083.887, 'text': 'you can also mark the methods to be final in this regard, your methods, they will not be overridden.', 'start': 1077.624, 'duration': 6.263}, {'end': 1091.83, 'text': 'so final can be used with three of the concepts final as a variable, final as a class and final as a method.', 'start': 1083.887, 'duration': 7.943}], 'summary': "Using 'final' to mark variables, classes, and methods as constant and uninheritable.", 'duration': 27.873, 'max_score': 1063.957, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM1063957.jpg'}, {'end': 1190.51, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1139.435, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1141.977, 'text': 'either exception comes or it does not.', 'start': 1139.435, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 1151.961, 'text': 'so finally, is that piece of block which will be executed whether the exception is coming or it is not coming.', 'start': 1142.817, 'duration': 9.144}, {'end': 1161.285, 'text': 'for example, if you want to close the database connections now, exception is there or not, but we would like to close the connection at any cost,', 'start': 1151.961, 'duration': 9.324}, {'end': 1164.407, 'text': 'right? so you mention all such statements in your finally block.', 'start': 1161.285, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 1166.729, 'text': 'so the next part is finalize.', 'start': 1164.967, 'duration': 1.762}, {'end': 1170.212, 'text': 'so guys, finalize is a kind of a destructor.', 'start': 1166.729, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 1178.119, 'text': 'so whenever the object will be removed from the memory by the garbage collector, so this finalize method will be executed.', 'start': 1170.212, 'duration': 7.907}, {'end': 1190.51, 'text': 'so you can explicitly try out this example where you can say system.gc right and you need to just mention your references to be pointing to the null and thereafter your finalize will be executed.', 'start': 1178.119, 'duration': 12.391}], 'summary': 'Finally block ensures execution, finalize is a destructor, and explicitly triggers finalize.', 'duration': 51.075, 'max_score': 1139.435, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM1139435.jpg'}, {'end': 1311.241, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1276.488, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1278.95, 'text': 'so before we jump on the string buffer and string builder,', 'start': 1276.488, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 1285.474, 'text': 'we must understand they are both similar concepts when they are compared with the string class.', 'start': 1278.95, 'duration': 6.524}, {'end': 1292.418, 'text': 'so string is immutable version, whereas string buffer and string builder they are the mutable versions.', 'start': 1285.474, 'duration': 6.944}, {'end': 1294.838, 'text': 'right. so let me define this part.', 'start': 1293.058, 'duration': 1.78}, {'end': 1298.259, 'text': 'what is meant by mutability versus immutability?', 'start': 1294.838, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 1311.241, 'text': 'consider you got this string str1, which is a new string having hello, and you got this one more guy known as string builder.', 'start': 1298.259, 'duration': 12.982}], 'summary': 'String buffer and string builder are mutable, unlike string which is immutable.', 'duration': 34.753, 'max_score': 1276.488, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM1276488.jpg'}], 'start': 794.179, 'title': 'Java wrapper classes and keywords', 'summary': 'Covers the concept of wrapper classes in java, including boxing, unboxing, and auto boxing, as well as the usage of keywords final, finally, and finalize. it also discusses the differences between string buffer and string builder, providing insights into their immutability, mutability, and performance characteristics.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1018.307, 'start': 794.179, 'title': 'Wrapper classes in java', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of wrapper classes in java, including boxing, unboxing, and auto boxing, to convert primitives into reference types, enabling object-oriented programming structure.', 'duration': 224.128, 'highlights': ['Wrapper classes are used to convert Java primitives into reference types, enabling object-oriented programming structure. This is the main concept discussed in the chapter, emphasizing the importance of wrapper classes in enabling object-oriented programming structure.', 'The chapter explains boxing, unboxing, and auto boxing as methods to convert primitives into references, demonstrating the concept through examples like Integer kref = i and l = kref. The chapter provides detailed explanations and examples of boxing, unboxing, and auto boxing, which are key concepts related to wrapper classes in Java.', 'The chapter emphasizes the significance of boxing or unboxing to strictly adhere to the object-oriented programming structure. It highlights the importance of boxing or unboxing in ensuring adherence to the object-oriented programming structure in Java.']}, {'end': 1486.527, 'start': 1018.307, 'title': 'Java final, finally, finalize, and string buffer vs string builder', 'summary': 'Explains the keywords final, finally, and finalize in java, highlighting that final is used to make variables, classes, and methods constant, finally is used in exception handling to execute certain instructions regardless of exceptions, and finalize is a method that is executed when an object is removed from memory. additionally, it discusses the difference between string buffer and string builder, emphasizing that string is immutable while string buffer and string builder are mutable, with string buffer being thread-safe and string builder being more efficient performance-wise.', 'duration': 468.22, 'highlights': ['The final keyword in Java is used to make variables, classes, and methods constant, preventing their values from being changed, such as marking a variable as final to prohibit value changes, marking classes as final to prevent inheritance, and marking methods as final to prevent overriding.', 'The finally keyword in Java is used in exception handling to specify a block of code that will be executed whether an exception occurs or not, ensuring certain instructions are executed regardless of exceptions, such as closing database connections.', 'The finalize method in Java acts as a destructor, being executed when an object is removed from memory by the garbage collector, and can be explicitly triggered by invoking System.gc and setting references to null, allowing for pre-destruction actions to be performed.', 'The difference between String Buffer and String Builder in Java is that String is immutable while String Buffer and String Builder are mutable, with String Buffer being thread-safe and suitable for use in multi-threaded environments, while String Builder is more efficient performance-wise due to the absence of synchronization overhead.']}], 'duration': 692.348, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM794179.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter provides detailed explanations and examples of boxing, unboxing, and auto boxing, which are key concepts related to wrapper classes in Java.', 'The chapter emphasizes the significance of boxing or unboxing in ensuring adherence to the object-oriented programming structure in Java.', 'The chapter explains boxing, unboxing, and auto boxing as methods to convert primitives into references, demonstrating the concept through examples like Integer kref = i and l = kref.', 'Wrapper classes are used to convert Java primitives into reference types, enabling object-oriented programming structure. This is the main concept discussed in the chapter, emphasizing the importance of wrapper classes in enabling object-oriented programming structure.', 'The final keyword in Java is used to make variables, classes, and methods constant, preventing their values from being changed, such as marking a variable as final to prohibit value changes, marking classes as final to prevent inheritance, and marking methods as final to prevent overriding.', 'The finally keyword in Java is used in exception handling to specify a block of code that will be executed whether an exception occurs or not, ensuring certain instructions are executed regardless of exceptions, such as closing database connections.', 'The difference between String Buffer and String Builder in Java is that String is immutable while String Buffer and String Builder are mutable, with String Buffer being thread-safe and suitable for use in multi-threaded environments, while String Builder is more efficient performance-wise due to the absence of synchronization overhead.', 'The finalize method in Java acts as a destructor, being executed when an object is removed from memory by the garbage collector, and can be explicitly triggered by invoking System.gc and setting references to null, allowing for pre-destruction actions to be performed.']}, {'end': 2319.435, 'segs': [{'end': 1516.472, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1486.527, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1491.912, 'text': 'and you will be able to see that builder will outshine the buffer in terms of performance.', 'start': 1486.527, 'duration': 5.385}, {'end': 1496.758, 'text': 'All right, so let us understand the difference between heap and stack.', 'start': 1492.915, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 1499.159, 'text': 'So stack and heap.', 'start': 1497.378, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 1504.623, 'text': 'they are two memories which are very much famous when you talk about the Java runtime, right?', 'start': 1499.159, 'duration': 5.464}, {'end': 1506.505, 'text': 'So Java runtime, the RAM.', 'start': 1505.024, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 1509.166, 'text': 'we got these two major data structures, stack and heap.', 'start': 1506.505, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 1516.472, 'text': 'So first of all, let us see how the stack and heap will come into action, right? So let us take one example, guys.', 'start': 1509.847, 'duration': 6.625}], 'summary': 'Builder outperforms buffer; stack and heap in java runtime ram.', 'duration': 29.945, 'max_score': 1486.527, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM1486527.jpg'}, {'end': 1569.023, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1537.288, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1540.59, 'text': 'so this circle is representing the heap memory.', 'start': 1537.288, 'duration': 3.302}, {'end': 1542.031, 'text': 'so both of them are a part of RAM.', 'start': 1540.59, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 1543.632, 'text': 'now, right, so both the data structure.', 'start': 1542.031, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 1545.073, 'text': 'they are part of RAM.', 'start': 1543.632, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 1547.655, 'text': 'we got stack and heap.', 'start': 1545.073, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 1554.78, 'text': 'so let us understand this point of stack and heap, how the data will be stored and where it will be stored.', 'start': 1547.655, 'duration': 7.125}, {'end': 1558.261, 'text': "I'll just take up one basic example from the eclipse.", 'start': 1555.36, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 1561.081, 'text': 'now, whenever you will be creating an object.', 'start': 1558.261, 'duration': 2.82}, {'end': 1569.023, 'text': 'so, for example, finalize demo, I said fdref, assign new, finalize demo.', 'start': 1561.081, 'duration': 7.942}], 'summary': 'The transcript discusses stack and heap memory in ram, using an example from eclipse.', 'duration': 31.735, 'max_score': 1537.288, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM1537288.jpg'}, {'end': 1850.155, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1819.01, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1822.674, 'text': 'now let us have some more differences between stack and heap.', 'start': 1819.01, 'duration': 3.664}, {'end': 1831.122, 'text': 'so guys, stack memory is used only by one thread of execution, whereas heap memory is used by the all parts of the application.', 'start': 1822.674, 'duration': 8.448}, {'end': 1840.169, 'text': 'if you talk on the excess level, objects stored in the heap are globally accessible, whereas stack memory cannot be accessed by the other threads.', 'start': 1831.122, 'duration': 9.047}, {'end': 1845.132, 'text': 'memory is like LIFO, whereas the heap memory is basically the tree structure.', 'start': 1840.169, 'duration': 4.963}, {'end': 1850.155, 'text': 'now right, so the memory management is based on the generation associated to each object.', 'start': 1845.132, 'duration': 5.023}], 'summary': 'Stack and heap memory differ in usage and accessibility; stack is lifo, while heap forms a tree structure.', 'duration': 31.145, 'max_score': 1819.01, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM1819010.jpg'}, {'end': 1907.752, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1881.161, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1891.288, 'text': 'so now, please, guys, in case of java, every object is dynamically constructed, so there is nothing like objects being constructed in the stack,', 'start': 1881.161, 'duration': 10.127}, {'end': 1897.172, 'text': 'right. so we are just giving a general overview of heap and stack over here, not typically in line to your, java.', 'start': 1891.288, 'duration': 5.884}, {'end': 1899.485, 'text': 'these are the general differences.', 'start': 1898.084, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 1907.752, 'text': 'now, in Java, your each and every object will be constructed dynamically in the heap space, not in the stack space.', 'start': 1899.485, 'duration': 8.267}], 'summary': 'In java, every object is dynamically constructed in the heap space, not in the stack space.', 'duration': 26.591, 'max_score': 1881.161, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM1881161.jpg'}, {'end': 2276.265, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2210.475, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2216.319, 'text': "now, when you need to compare the objects, you don't use double equal to.", 'start': 2210.475, 'duration': 5.844}, {'end': 2221.103, 'text': 'instead you use this method known as dot equals.', 'start': 2216.319, 'duration': 4.784}, {'end': 2227.748, 'text': 'right, so you say let us compare the strings using equals method.', 'start': 2221.103, 'duration': 6.645}, {'end': 2232.652, 'text': "so here I'll say equals and not equals.", 'start': 2227.748, 'duration': 4.904}, {'end': 2238.074, 'text': "So we don't compare strings using the equal to operator.", 'start': 2233.991, 'duration': 4.083}, {'end': 2239.575, 'text': "that's very risky.", 'start': 2238.074, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 2240.796, 'text': "it's one big mistake.", 'start': 2239.575, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 2244.158, 'text': 'You compare the strings with the equals method.', 'start': 2241.256, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 2253.465, 'text': 'Equals method is not comparing the references, it is comparing the values within the objects.', 'start': 2244.759, 'duration': 8.706}, {'end': 2262.431, 'text': "So that's what we are able to understand comparison of references versus comparison of values.", 'start': 2254.605, 'duration': 7.826}, {'end': 2265.877, 'text': 'so you can take up this program.', 'start': 2263.775, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 2271.021, 'text': 'guys over here, if you can see right, just go ahead and try to run this execution.', 'start': 2265.877, 'duration': 5.144}, {'end': 2273.643, 'text': 'we got one more program over here.', 'start': 2271.021, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 2276.265, 'text': 'let us predict the output for this program.', 'start': 2273.643, 'duration': 2.622}], 'summary': 'Use .equals method for comparing strings, not double equal to operator.', 'duration': 65.79, 'max_score': 2210.475, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM2210475.jpg'}], 'start': 1486.527, 'title': 'Java memory management', 'summary': "Discusses java memory management, emphasizing the differences between stack and heap, object construction, memory allocation, and the significance of using the 'equals' method over the 'equal to' operator for comparing strings, with a code demonstration.", 'chapters': [{'end': 1561.081, 'start': 1486.527, 'title': 'Java runtime: stack vs heap', 'summary': 'Discusses the difference between stack and heap in java runtime, highlighting their role in ram allocation and data storage.', 'duration': 74.554, 'highlights': ['The Java runtime utilizes two major data structures, stack and heap, which play a significant role in RAM allocation.', 'The stack and heap are both part of RAM, with the stack and heap memory being divided into two parts.', 'The chapter explains the difference between stack and heap, focusing on how data is stored and where it is stored in these memory structures.']}, {'end': 2319.435, 'start': 1561.081, 'title': 'Object construction and memory management', 'summary': "Explains the concept of object construction and memory management in java, detailing the creation of objects, memory allocation, and differences between stack and heap memory, emphasizing the significance of using 'equals' method over 'equal to' operator for comparing strings, and providing a code demonstration.", 'duration': 758.354, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the concept of object construction and memory management in Java Focuses on the key topic of the chapter, providing an overview of the subject matter.', 'Differences between stack and heap memory are emphasized Details the distinctions between stack and heap memory, highlighting their specific roles and characteristics in memory management.', "Significance of using 'equals' method over 'equal to' operator for comparing strings is highlighted Emphasizes the importance of utilizing the 'equals' method instead of the 'equal to' operator for comparing strings, clarifying the distinction between comparing references and comparing values within objects.", 'Code demonstration is provided for understanding the mentioned concepts Offers a practical illustration to enhance comprehension of the discussed concepts, enabling hands-on practice for the audience.']}], 'duration': 832.908, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM1486527.jpg', 'highlights': ['The Java runtime utilizes two major data structures, stack and heap, which play a significant role in RAM allocation.', 'The chapter explains the difference between stack and heap, focusing on how data is stored and where it is stored in these memory structures.', 'Differences between stack and heap memory are emphasized Details the distinctions between stack and heap memory, highlighting their specific roles and characteristics in memory management.', "Significance of using 'equals' method over 'equal to' operator for comparing strings is highlighted Emphasizes the importance of utilizing the 'equals' method instead of the 'equal to' operator for comparing strings, clarifying the distinction between comparing references and comparing values within objects.", 'Code demonstration is provided for understanding the mentioned concepts Offers a practical illustration to enhance comprehension of the discussed concepts, enabling hands-on practice for the audience.', 'The chapter explains the concept of object construction and memory management in Java Focuses on the key topic of the chapter, providing an overview of the subject matter.']}, {'end': 2861.581, 'segs': [{'end': 2367.522, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2319.995, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2328.841, 'text': 'so these are some of the basic questions right highlighted by us, which are very important and crucial from the interview perspective.', 'start': 2319.995, 'duration': 8.846}, {'end': 2333.044, 'text': "next we'll be jumping on to the object oriented programming structure.", 'start': 2328.841, 'duration': 4.203}, {'end': 2340.69, 'text': 'now this is one key area which company or an interviewer is looking and expecting.', 'start': 2333.044, 'duration': 7.646}, {'end': 2343.372, 'text': 'as a developer, you should be quite good on these concepts,', 'start': 2340.69, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 2353.097, 'text': 'because the advanced concepts or any of the application development model it relies heavily on object oriented programming structure.', 'start': 2343.372, 'duration': 9.725}, {'end': 2357.818, 'text': 'so let us see what we can have in the object oriented programming structure.', 'start': 2353.097, 'duration': 4.721}, {'end': 2364.981, 'text': 'so the very first question, as in question number 12, is the difference between abstract classes and interfaces.', 'start': 2357.818, 'duration': 7.163}, {'end': 2367.522, 'text': 'so let us see some of the differences again.', 'start': 2364.981, 'duration': 2.541}], 'summary': 'Understanding object-oriented programming is crucial for interviews, including differences between abstract classes and interfaces.', 'duration': 47.527, 'max_score': 2319.995, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM2319995.jpg'}, {'end': 2629.417, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2599.99, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2610.645, 'text': 'the same method, draw over the same reference variable s, we are able to draw different, different shapes dynamically at runtime.', 'start': 2599.99, 'duration': 10.655}, {'end': 2615.792, 'text': 'so, guys, this beautiful concept is known as runtime polymorphism.', 'start': 2610.645, 'duration': 5.147}, {'end': 2624.755, 'text': 'right, and what we need to understand from here is that the guy draw in the shape method is useless.', 'start': 2616.451, 'duration': 8.304}, {'end': 2629.417, 'text': 'having this concept over here, that s is a new shape.', 'start': 2624.755, 'duration': 4.662}], 'summary': 'Runtime polymorphism allows drawing different shapes dynamically at runtime using the same reference variable.', 'duration': 29.427, 'max_score': 2599.99, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM2599990.jpg'}, {'end': 2681.022, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2651.873, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2660.116, 'text': 'so you can change the architecture of your program and you can bring down one more class shape,', 'start': 2651.873, 'duration': 8.243}, {'end': 2668.738, 'text': 'mark this guy as abstract and mark the method within your class also as abstract.', 'start': 2660.116, 'duration': 8.622}, {'end': 2675, 'text': 'so an abstract class is a class for which you cannot have objects.', 'start': 2668.738, 'duration': 6.262}, {'end': 2678.481, 'text': "now you can't create the objects right.", 'start': 2675, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 2681.022, 'text': "so here you can see, it's an error.", 'start': 2678.481, 'duration': 2.541}], 'summary': 'Changing program architecture to abstract class prevents object creation', 'duration': 29.149, 'max_score': 2651.873, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM2651873.jpg'}, {'end': 2785.38, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2757.212, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2763.494, 'text': 'so the parent object is constructed by the runtime environment and then the child object is created.', 'start': 2757.212, 'duration': 6.282}, {'end': 2765.314, 'text': 'so abstract class is a class.', 'start': 2763.494, 'duration': 1.82}, {'end': 2774.037, 'text': 'you cannot create the objects but the runtime environment can do so and it can have abstract methods which have no definitions.', 'start': 2765.314, 'duration': 8.723}, {'end': 2779.159, 'text': 'so no definition for this guy who has to define this guy.', 'start': 2774.037, 'duration': 5.122}, {'end': 2785.38, 'text': 'the child has to mandatorily define the definition for the draw.', 'start': 2779.159, 'duration': 6.221}], 'summary': 'Abstract classes have undefined methods; child classes must define them.', 'duration': 28.168, 'max_score': 2757.212, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM2757212.jpg'}], 'start': 2319.995, 'title': 'Object oriented programming and runtime polymorphism', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of understanding object-oriented programming in interviews, particularly abstract classes and interfaces, and explains runtime polymorphism and abstract classes, showcasing the dynamic drawing of shapes and the enforcement of method definitions.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2367.522, 'start': 2319.995, 'title': 'Interview questions: object oriented programming', 'summary': 'Highlights the importance of understanding object-oriented programming in interviews and emphasizes the significance of concepts like abstract classes and interfaces in application development.', 'duration': 47.527, 'highlights': ['Understanding object-oriented programming is crucial for interviews and application development, with a focus on concepts like abstract classes and interfaces.', 'The difference between abstract classes and interfaces is a key area of focus in object-oriented programming interviews.']}, {'end': 2861.581, 'start': 2367.522, 'title': 'Runtime polymorphism and abstract classes', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of runtime polymorphism and abstract classes, highlighting how child classes redefine methods, enabling the dynamic drawing of different shapes at runtime, and the use of abstract classes to enforce method definitions in child classes.', 'duration': 494.059, 'highlights': ['Runtime polymorphism allows dynamic drawing of different shapes at runtime, with child classes redefining methods to achieve this. The concept of runtime polymorphism enables the dynamic drawing of different shapes at runtime by redefining methods in child classes.', 'Abstract classes enforce method definitions in child classes, with the runtime environment constructing objects and inheriting from parent to child. Abstract classes enforce method definitions in child classes, with the runtime environment constructing objects and inheriting from parent to child.', 'Abstract classes cannot be instantiated, and abstract methods must be redefined in child classes; failure to do so results in an error. Abstract classes cannot be instantiated, and abstract methods must be redefined in child classes; failure to do so results in an error.']}], 'duration': 541.586, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM2319995.jpg', 'highlights': ['Understanding object-oriented programming is crucial for interviews and application development, with a focus on concepts like abstract classes and interfaces.', 'The difference between abstract classes and interfaces is a key area of focus in object-oriented programming interviews.', 'Runtime polymorphism allows dynamic drawing of different shapes at runtime, with child classes redefining methods to achieve this.', 'The concept of runtime polymorphism enables the dynamic drawing of different shapes at runtime by redefining methods in child classes.', 'Abstract classes enforce method definitions in child classes, with the runtime environment constructing objects and inheriting from parent to child.', 'Abstract classes cannot be instantiated, and abstract methods must be redefined in child classes; failure to do so results in an error.']}, {'end': 3509.876, 'segs': [{'end': 2919.733, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2886.384, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2893.998, 'text': "so i'll say one interface shape with the method as wide draw.", 'start': 2886.384, 'duration': 7.614}, {'end': 2898.56, 'text': 'so, guys, this is the best way to achieve runtime polymorphism now.', 'start': 2893.998, 'duration': 4.562}, {'end': 2900.061, 'text': 'so what I will do?', 'start': 2898.56, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 2908.286, 'text': 'I will not say extend shape, but I will say implement shape now this is the difference which we must observe over here.', 'start': 2900.061, 'duration': 8.225}, {'end': 2919.733, 'text': 'so rather than doing an extension, I am doing an implementation and in the interfaces, by default the methods are public abstract.', 'start': 2908.286, 'duration': 11.447}], 'summary': 'Using interface for runtime polymorphism, implementing instead of extending.', 'duration': 33.349, 'max_score': 2886.384, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM2886384.jpg'}, {'end': 2985.109, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2959.278, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2970.806, 'text': 'this is the kind of traffic police or the police department is imposing the rules on us to wear a seat belt and now we need to define that rule right.', 'start': 2959.278, 'duration': 11.528}, {'end': 2978.611, 'text': 'so traffic police is imposing a rule to follow the traffic lights and it is up to us that how we define that rule.', 'start': 2970.806, 'duration': 7.805}, {'end': 2982.161, 'text': "So it's not a parent and a child relationship kind of concept.", 'start': 2978.991, 'duration': 3.17}, {'end': 2985.109, 'text': "it's not parent object and the child object concept.", 'start': 2982.161, 'duration': 2.948}], 'summary': 'Traffic police imposing seat belt and traffic light rules.', 'duration': 25.831, 'max_score': 2959.278, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM2959278.jpg'}, {'end': 3185.451, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 3090.476, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3093.718, 'text': 'the visibility is public or not right.', 'start': 3090.476, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 3095.138, 'text': 'so it is by default public.', 'start': 3093.718, 'duration': 1.42}, {'end': 3097.6, 'text': 'somehow, if you mention nothing, it is by default public.', 'start': 3095.138, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 3099.942, 'text': 'now. so here we can have constructors.', 'start': 3097.6, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 3101.103, 'text': 'here you cannot have constructor.', 'start': 3099.942, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 3106.348, 'text': "it means that you don't create the objects but runtime environment will create.", 'start': 3101.103, 'duration': 5.245}, {'end': 3110.392, 'text': 'here neither you can create nor the runtime environment can create.', 'start': 3106.348, 'duration': 4.044}, {'end': 3114.295, 'text': 'abstract classes are faster as compared to the interfaces.', 'start': 3110.392, 'duration': 3.903}, {'end': 3120.681, 'text': 'they are slow because it requires extra in direction to find the corresponding method in the actual class right.', 'start': 3114.295, 'duration': 6.386}, {'end': 3125.966, 'text': "so that's what we got some of the theoretical differences after the practical implementations.", 'start': 3120.681, 'duration': 5.285}, {'end': 3129.328, 'text': 'so polymorphism, I hope, is now very well clear, right?', 'start': 3125.966, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 3140.896, 'text': 'so, guys, polymorphism means more than one forms where a mobile phone can serve the purpose of camera, remote mp3 player and alarm clock,', 'start': 3129.328, 'duration': 11.568}, {'end': 3143.277, 'text': 'so on and so forth, right.', 'start': 3140.896, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 3146.819, 'text': 'so polymorphism can be characterized into two parts.', 'start': 3143.277, 'duration': 3.542}, {'end': 3150.322, 'text': 'one is at the runtime, one is the compile time.', 'start': 3146.819, 'duration': 3.503}, {'end': 3158.425, 'text': 'so, guys, runtime polymorphism is where you are coming up with this parent and a child relationship again.', 'start': 3150.322, 'duration': 8.103}, {'end': 3163.87, 'text': 'we saw this map, example, shape, circle, polygon and rectangle right.', 'start': 3158.425, 'duration': 5.445}, {'end': 3166.673, 'text': 'so what happens in the runtime polymorphism?', 'start': 3163.87, 'duration': 2.803}, {'end': 3170.416, 'text': 'you create a parent class and then you create a child class.', 'start': 3166.673, 'duration': 3.743}, {'end': 3185.451, 'text': 'child class must override the method of the parent class and thereafter you do an upcasting by saying the reference variable of the parent can point to the object of child and whenever you will execute the method,', 'start': 3170.416, 'duration': 15.035}], 'summary': 'Default visibility is public, abstract classes are faster than interfaces, and polymorphism explained with examples.', 'duration': 94.975, 'max_score': 3090.476, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM3090476.jpg'}, {'end': 3250.187, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3218.582, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3220.644, 'text': 'so here return type will not make any difference.', 'start': 3218.582, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 3224.007, 'text': 'but here everything should be exactly same.', 'start': 3220.644, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 3231.693, 'text': 'if you talk of the behavior, method overloading is basically adding or extending the methods behavior,', 'start': 3224.007, 'duration': 7.686}, {'end': 3236.457, 'text': 'whereas overriding is changing the existing behavior of the method.', 'start': 3231.693, 'duration': 4.764}, {'end': 3239.939, 'text': 'now right, so here we are trying to add the functionality.', 'start': 3236.457, 'duration': 3.482}, {'end': 3242.101, 'text': 'here we are trying to change the functionality.', 'start': 3239.939, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 3250.187, 'text': 'so compile time polymorphism versus runtime polymorphism, different signature versus same signature.', 'start': 3242.101, 'duration': 8.086}], 'summary': "Method overloading adds functionality, while overriding changes functionality. it's compile time polymorphism vs. runtime polymorphism with different vs. same signature.", 'duration': 31.605, 'max_score': 3218.582, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM3218582.jpg'}], 'start': 2861.581, 'title': 'Achieving runtime polymorphism in java', 'summary': 'Discusses achieving runtime polymorphism through abstract classes and interfaces, emphasizing implementation of interface methods, differences between extension and implementation, and limitations of multiple inheritance in java.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2985.109, 'start': 2861.581, 'title': 'Runtime polymorphism through interfaces', 'summary': 'Discusses achieving runtime polymorphism through abstract classes and interfaces, emphasizing the best way to achieve it is by implementing an interface with methods, leading to the restriction of object creation and clarifying the difference between extension and implementation.', 'duration': 123.528, 'highlights': ['The best way to achieve runtime polymorphism is through implementing an interface with methods, rather than extending a class.', 'Interfaces restrict object creation and do not entail a parent-child relationship, akin to traffic police imposing rules without defining how they are followed.', 'Abstract classes were used to achieve runtime polymorphism, addressing the issue of object creation and draw method execution.', 'By default, methods in interfaces are public abstract, preventing the creation of objects both by developers and the runtime environment.']}, {'end': 3509.876, 'start': 2986.074, 'title': 'Runtime polymorphism & inheritance in java', 'summary': 'Discusses the concepts of abstract classes and interfaces, their differences in terms of providing default code, instance variables, methods, and visibility, as well as the implementation of runtime polymorphism through parent-child relationships, overloading and overriding methods, and the limitations of multiple inheritance in java.', 'duration': 523.802, 'highlights': ['Runtime polymorphism achieved through parent and child relationships, upcasting, and method overriding Explains the process of achieving runtime polymorphism by creating a parent class, a child class, and utilizing upcasting to execute the method of the child class, emphasizing the importance of method overriding in this context.', 'Differences between method overloading and overriding in terms of signature and behavior Details the distinctions between method overloading and overriding, highlighting the requirement for different signatures in overloading and the exact same signature in overriding, as well as the effects on method behavior.', 'Explanation of the limitations of multiple inheritance in Java and the diamond problem Discusses the concept of multiple inheritance, the unavailability of support for it in Java, and the potential issues such as the diamond problem that arise from attempting to inherit from multiple classes.', 'Illustration of the execution of constructors and the roles of blocks and static blocks in Java Provides examples of constructor execution, the roles of regular blocks and static blocks, and their respective executions upon object creation and class loading in Java.']}], 'duration': 648.295, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM2861581.jpg', 'highlights': ['The best way to achieve runtime polymorphism is through implementing an interface with methods, rather than extending a class.', 'Runtime polymorphism achieved through parent and child relationships, upcasting, and method overriding Explains the process of achieving runtime polymorphism by creating a parent class, a child class, and utilizing upcasting to execute the method of the child class, emphasizing the importance of method overriding in this context.', 'Differences between method overloading and overriding in terms of signature and behavior Details the distinctions between method overloading and overriding, highlighting the requirement for different signatures in overloading and the exact same signature in overriding, as well as the effects on method behavior.', 'Interfaces restrict object creation and do not entail a parent-child relationship, akin to traffic police imposing rules without defining how they are followed.']}, {'end': 4504.596, 'segs': [{'end': 3637.815, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3583.855, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3596.72, 'text': 'So Java servlet is a server-side technology which will extend the capability of web servers by providing support for dynamic response and data persistence.', 'start': 3583.855, 'duration': 12.865}, {'end': 3607.085, 'text': 'We got javax.servlet and javax.servlet.http package which provides the various APIs for writing the servlet program.', 'start': 3596.98, 'duration': 10.105}, {'end': 3618.971, 'text': 'Now any servlet program should implement the servlet interface along with the lifecycle methods where you can manage your code snippets.', 'start': 3607.465, 'duration': 11.506}, {'end': 3624.279, 'text': 'as most web applications there exist, using the HTTP protocol.', 'start': 3619.571, 'duration': 4.708}, {'end': 3631.331, 'text': 'so we got a class known as HTTP servlet and we got a corresponding hierarchy for the same.', 'start': 3624.279, 'duration': 7.052}, {'end': 3633.591, 'text': 'so over the web.', 'start': 3632.19, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 3636.054, 'text': 'we use two of the major methods.', 'start': 3633.591, 'duration': 2.463}, {'end': 3637.815, 'text': 'one is the get, one is the post.', 'start': 3636.054, 'duration': 1.761}], 'summary': 'Java servlet extends web servers for dynamic response and data persistence using javax.servlet and javax.servlet.http packages, implementing servlet interface and lifecycle methods, and utilizing http protocol with methods like get and post.', 'duration': 53.96, 'max_score': 3583.855, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM3583855.jpg'}, {'end': 3784.869, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3755.09, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3756.611, 'text': 'So what are the various methods?', 'start': 3755.09, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 3770.198, 'text': 'So number one we got the user authentication, then the hidden form fields, cookies, URL rewriting and we got HTTP session API also to manage.', 'start': 3757.231, 'duration': 12.967}, {'end': 3781.664, 'text': 'the So session is a conversational state between the client and server and it can consist of multiple request and responses between both of them.', 'start': 3770.198, 'duration': 11.466}, {'end': 3784.869, 'text': 'now, HTTP is a stateless protocol.', 'start': 3782.628, 'duration': 2.241}], 'summary': 'Methods for session management include user authentication, hidden form fields, cookies, url rewriting, and http session api.', 'duration': 29.779, 'max_score': 3755.09, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM3755090.jpg'}, {'end': 3910.117, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3878.331, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3881.193, 'text': 'Now, what is a possible life cycle of a servlet?', 'start': 3878.331, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 3883.674, 'text': 'now, this is really important when you talk of servlets.', 'start': 3881.193, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 3888.518, 'text': 'guys, right, so, servlets, they got five stages.', 'start': 3883.674, 'duration': 4.844}, {'end': 3896.703, 'text': "when you talk of the life cycle, right, the first of all, the servlet will be loaded, then it's gonna be instantiated, initialized,", 'start': 3888.518, 'duration': 8.185}, {'end': 3901.306, 'text': 'then a request will be sent to a servlet and then finally, the servlet will be destroyed.', 'start': 3896.703, 'duration': 4.603}, {'end': 3910.117, 'text': 'So we got init, service and destroy as the three lifecycle callbacks involved when you write the servlet program.', 'start': 3901.826, 'duration': 8.291}], 'summary': 'Servlets have a life cycle of five stages: loading, instantiation, initialization, request processing, and destruction.', 'duration': 31.786, 'max_score': 3878.331, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM3878331.jpg'}, {'end': 3957.347, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3929.701, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3939.525, 'text': 'Now this other resource can be possibly a servlet or an HTML file or a JSP file and we can do so using the two different methods.', 'start': 3929.701, 'duration': 9.824}, {'end': 3943.446, 'text': 'One is the forward method, other one is the include method.', 'start': 3939.845, 'duration': 3.601}, {'end': 3949.383, 'text': 'So what happens over here is when you send out the request from the servlet 1 to servlet 2.', 'start': 3944.201, 'duration': 5.182}, {'end': 3957.347, 'text': 'when you use the forward method, response generated from the servlet 2 will be sent back to the client.', 'start': 3949.383, 'duration': 7.964}], 'summary': 'Servlets can use forward or include methods to send requests to other resources, such as servlets, html files, or jsp files.', 'duration': 27.646, 'max_score': 3929.701, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM3929701.jpg'}, {'end': 4096.787, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4064.327, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4067.831, 'text': 'now, right, so Java database connectivity.', 'start': 4064.327, 'duration': 3.504}, {'end': 4070.293, 'text': 'we got the first thing as JDBC driver.', 'start': 4067.831, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 4075.396, 'text': 'So whenever you want to create a connection, you must have a driver right?', 'start': 4070.874, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 4084.381, 'text': 'So, guys, driver is the layer which will help us to interact our JDBC APIs with the database.', 'start': 4075.917, 'duration': 8.464}, {'end': 4086.642, 'text': 'So there are four major types of drivers.', 'start': 4084.821, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 4090.465, 'text': 'We call them type 1, type 2, type 3 and type 4 driver.', 'start': 4087.023, 'duration': 3.442}, {'end': 4096.787, 'text': 'It goes like JDBC, ODBC, bridge driver, native API driver, which is a partial Java driver.', 'start': 4090.905, 'duration': 5.882}], 'summary': 'Jdbc involves four major types of drivers: type 1, type 2, type 3, and type 4.', 'duration': 32.46, 'max_score': 4064.327, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM4064327.jpg'}, {'end': 4132.89, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4112.689, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 4123.238, 'text': "it's gonna use the JDBC API and the JDBC driver manager will interact with the driver and drivers will further interact with the drivers for the databases,", 'start': 4112.689, 'duration': 10.549}, {'end': 4128.203, 'text': 'libraries, and so and hence this whole channel of communication will be established.', 'start': 4123.238, 'duration': 4.965}, {'end': 4132.89, 'text': 'So what are the various steps to connect to the database in Java?', 'start': 4129.288, 'duration': 3.602}], 'summary': 'Using jdbc api and driver manager to connect to databases in java.', 'duration': 20.201, 'max_score': 4112.689, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM4112689.jpg'}, {'end': 4253.197, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4225.516, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 4235.626, 'text': 'So what are the different JDBC API components? So guys we got various interfaces and classes coming into the Java JDBC package.', 'start': 4225.516, 'duration': 10.11}, {'end': 4242.673, 'text': 'So we got java.sql package and many of the libraries if you can see the APIs are mentioned over here.', 'start': 4236.127, 'duration': 6.546}, {'end': 4253.197, 'text': 'So in the interface part we got connection statement, prepared statement, result set, result set metadata, database metadata and callable statement.', 'start': 4243.374, 'duration': 9.823}], 'summary': 'The jdbc api includes interfaces and classes like connection, statement, prepared statement, result set, result set metadata, database metadata, and callable statement.', 'duration': 27.681, 'max_score': 4225.516, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM4225516.jpg'}, {'end': 4377.928, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4352.431, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 4359.476, 'text': 'so here we can use the transaction management logic, which means atomicity.', 'start': 4352.431, 'duration': 7.045}, {'end': 4363.94, 'text': 'so atomicity means that all and everything should happen at once.', 'start': 4359.476, 'duration': 4.464}, {'end': 4365.141, 'text': 'so let us understand.', 'start': 4363.94, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 4372.526, 'text': 'so connection is one important interface with the help of which we can manage the transaction For the transactions.', 'start': 4365.141, 'duration': 7.385}, {'end': 4377.928, 'text': 'let us assume I want to transfer the amount from one account to the other account.', 'start': 4372.526, 'duration': 5.402}], 'summary': 'Using transaction management for atomicity in transferring amounts between accounts.', 'duration': 25.497, 'max_score': 4352.431, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM4352431.jpg'}, {'end': 4451.12, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4424.849, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 4429.011, 'text': 'so there is one more possible difference between three of the APIs.', 'start': 4424.849, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 4433.033, 'text': "that's like execute, execute query and execute update.", 'start': 4429.011, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 4437.134, 'text': 'so guys, execute query, execute, update and execute.', 'start': 4433.033, 'duration': 4.101}, {'end': 4439.255, 'text': 'these are the three different APIs.', 'start': 4437.134, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 4449.239, 'text': 'all the three APIs are used to perform the SQL operations over the database, but query method is always focused to do a retrieve operation.', 'start': 4439.255, 'duration': 9.984}, {'end': 4451.12, 'text': 'if you can see now, select operation.', 'start': 4449.239, 'duration': 1.881}], 'summary': 'Three apis: execute, execute query, and execute update. query method focuses on retrieve operation.', 'duration': 26.271, 'max_score': 4424.849, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM4424849.jpg'}], 'start': 3509.876, 'title': 'Java servlets, jdbc, and session management', 'summary': 'Provides an overview of java servlets, covering server-side technology, javax.servlet and javax.servlet.http packages, servlet interface, http methods, session management, servlet context, servlet config, servlet life cycle, request dispatcher, cookies, java database connectivity, jdbc drivers, database connection in java, jdbc api components, jdbc connection interface, and sql methods.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3807.156, 'start': 3509.876, 'title': 'Java servlets overview', 'summary': 'Introduces java servlets, explaining that it is a server-side technology extending web server capabilities, using javax.servlet and javax.servlet.http packages, implementing servlet interface, and discussing http methods like get and post, along with session management techniques.', 'duration': 297.28, 'highlights': ['Java servlets are server-side technology extending web server capabilities, using javax.servlet and javax.servlet.http packages. Java servlets extend web server capabilities using javax.servlet and javax.servlet.http packages, allowing for dynamic response and data persistence.', 'Servlet programs should implement the servlet interface and lifecycle methods for managing code snippets. Servlet programs should implement the servlet interface and lifecycle methods, providing a way to manage code snippets effectively.', 'Discussion of HTTP methods like get and post, along with their differences in handling data. Explains the differences between HTTP methods get and post, detailing their distinct handling of data and security implications.', 'Session management techniques include user authentication, hidden form fields, cookies, URL rewriting, and HTTP session API. Session management techniques encompass user authentication, hidden form fields, cookies, URL rewriting, and HTTP session API for managing data within the session.']}, {'end': 4064.327, 'start': 3807.156, 'title': 'Servlets & java database connectivity', 'summary': 'Discusses the difference between servlet context and servlet config, the life cycle of a servlet, request dispatcher, session management using cookies, and java database connectivity.', 'duration': 257.171, 'highlights': ['Servlet context vs. servlet config Servlet context is on a global level and servlet config is a single object associated with a particular servlet, both containing key-value pairs mentioned within the web.xml file.', 'Life cycle of a servlet The servlet has five stages in its life cycle: loading, instantiation, initialization, receiving a request, and destruction, with three lifecycle callbacks: init, service, and destroy.', 'Request dispatcher and its methods The request dispatcher forwards requests to other resources like servlets, HTML, or JSP files using forward and include methods, with different behaviors for response handling.', 'Session management using cookies Cookies are textual data stored on the client machine, sent from the server, and managed using methods like get cookies and add cookie within a servlet.', 'Java Database Connectivity The chapter also covers Java Database Connectivity, dealing with database connections and operations.']}, {'end': 4504.596, 'start': 4064.327, 'title': 'Java database connectivity', 'summary': 'Covers the different types of jdbc drivers, the sequential steps to connect to a database in java, the various jdbc api components, the jdbc connection interface for transaction management, and the differences between execute, execute query, and execute update methods.', 'duration': 440.269, 'highlights': ['There are four major types of drivers in Java Database Connectivity: type 1, type 2, type 3, and type 4 driver. The transcript introduces the four major types of JDBC drivers, providing an essential understanding of the different driver types available in Java Database Connectivity.', 'The sequential steps to connect to a database in Java involve registering the driver, creating the connection, creating a statement over the connection, executing SQL queries, and closing the connections. The transcript outlines the five sequential steps required to establish a connection to a database in Java, emphasizing the essential process for performing CRUD operations.', 'The Java JDBC package includes various interfaces and classes such as connection, statement, prepared statement, result set, result set metadata, database metadata, callable statement, driver manager, BLOB, CLOB, and SQL exception. The transcript details the components of the Java JDBC package, highlighting the key interfaces and classes that play crucial roles in database connectivity and management.', 'The JDBC connection interface is important for managing transactions in Java, allowing for the execution of atomic operations and providing methods for transaction management such as auto commit, commit, roll back, and close. The transcript emphasizes the significance of the JDBC connection interface in managing transactions in Java, showcasing its functionality and the methods available for transaction management.', 'The differences between execute, execute query, and execute update methods in Java JDBC are explained, outlining their distinct purposes in performing SQL operations over the database. The transcript highlights the differences between the execute, execute query, and execute update methods in Java JDBC, elucidating their specific roles and the types of SQL operations they are focused on.']}], 'duration': 994.72, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM3509876.jpg', 'highlights': ['Java servlets extend web server capabilities using javax.servlet and javax.servlet.http packages, allowing for dynamic response and data persistence.', 'Servlet programs should implement the servlet interface and lifecycle methods, providing a way to manage code snippets effectively.', 'Session management techniques encompass user authentication, hidden form fields, cookies, URL rewriting, and HTTP session API for managing data within the session.', 'Life cycle of a servlet involves five stages: loading, instantiation, initialization, receiving a request, and destruction, with three lifecycle callbacks: init, service, and destroy.', 'The request dispatcher forwards requests to other resources like servlets, HTML, or JSP files using forward and include methods, with different behaviors for response handling.', 'There are four major types of drivers in Java Database Connectivity: type 1, type 2, type 3, and type 4 driver.', 'The sequential steps to connect to a database in Java involve registering the driver, creating the connection, creating a statement over the connection, executing SQL queries, and closing the connections.', 'The Java JDBC package includes various interfaces and classes such as connection, statement, prepared statement, result set, result set metadata, database metadata, callable statement, driver manager, BLOB, CLOB, and SQL exception.', 'The JDBC connection interface is important for managing transactions in Java, allowing for the execution of atomic operations and providing methods for transaction management such as auto commit, commit, roll back, and close.', 'The differences between execute, execute query, and execute update methods in Java JDBC are explained, outlining their distinct purposes in performing SQL operations over the database.']}, {'end': 5058.222, 'segs': [{'end': 4553.905, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4504.596, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4508.599, 'text': 'we got various APIs available in the Java database connectivity.', 'start': 4504.596, 'duration': 4.003}, {'end': 4510.48, 'text': 'but we need to come up and understand.', 'start': 4508.599, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 4512.621, 'text': 'there are the five different steps.', 'start': 4510.48, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 4519.224, 'text': 'so you start from loading the driver, then creating a connection, writing the statements,', 'start': 4512.621, 'duration': 6.603}, {'end': 4523.647, 'text': 'executing the statement and finally moving on to the closing of the statements.', 'start': 4519.224, 'duration': 4.423}, {'end': 4527.069, 'text': 'so the next part is the framework of frameworks.', 'start': 4524.227, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 4528.53, 'text': "that's like the spring framework.", 'start': 4527.069, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 4532.472, 'text': 'so if you know this, if you have a hold on your spring framework, guys.', 'start': 4528.53, 'duration': 3.942}, {'end': 4536.334, 'text': "so it's like you are done with almost everything now, right?", 'start': 4532.472, 'duration': 3.862}, {'end': 4540.797, 'text': 'so one of the most important framework in the enterprise edition of Java.', 'start': 4536.334, 'duration': 4.463}, {'end': 4542.918, 'text': 'let us see what is spring framework.', 'start': 4540.797, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 4544.9, 'text': 'so what exactly is spring, guys?', 'start': 4542.918, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 4553.905, 'text': 'so spring is an application framework which focuses on a concept known as inversion of control for the Java platform.', 'start': 4544.9, 'duration': 9.005}], 'summary': 'Java database connectivity involves 5 steps; spring is an important framework with inversion of control concept.', 'duration': 49.309, 'max_score': 4504.596, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM4504596.jpg'}, {'end': 4726.397, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4677.995, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4689.744, 'text': 'the web module of the spring framework can help us to write the web applications where spring MVC is one of the majorly used frameworks in the market now.', 'start': 4677.995, 'duration': 11.749}, {'end': 4695.208, 'text': 'so model view controller, where model represents the data container,', 'start': 4689.744, 'duration': 5.464}, {'end': 4701.953, 'text': 'view represents the UI or the presentation and controller represents the business logic, as in servlets.', 'start': 4695.208, 'duration': 6.745}, {'end': 4702.933, 'text': 'now right,', 'start': 4701.953, 'duration': 0.98}, {'end': 4715.475, 'text': 'so spring MVC is one of the very important concern when it comes to develop the web applications and we got various web services coming out in this module itself.', 'start': 4702.933, 'duration': 12.542}, {'end': 4720.076, 'text': 'let us move on to some annotations which are used in the spring configuration.', 'start': 4715.475, 'duration': 4.601}, {'end': 4726.397, 'text': 'so, guys, there are various annotations now which are used in the spring framework, now at the rate required, right.', 'start': 4720.076, 'duration': 6.321}], 'summary': 'Spring mvc is a major framework for web applications, with annotations playing a crucial role.', 'duration': 48.402, 'max_score': 4677.995, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM4677995.jpg'}, {'end': 4954.065, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4925.342, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4936.392, 'text': 'scopes of the Bean can be mentioned over here using attribute known as scope, and here now I am going to mention it as prototype.', 'start': 4925.342, 'duration': 11.05}, {'end': 4939.255, 'text': 'you can see we got this guy as a prototype.', 'start': 4936.392, 'duration': 2.863}, {'end': 4948.343, 'text': 'now when I run my code again, you will find one significant difference that here the reference is coming out to be different.', 'start': 4939.255, 'duration': 9.088}, {'end': 4954.065, 'text': 'it means now by default, it was giving me the singleton as a design pattern,', 'start': 4948.343, 'duration': 5.722}], 'summary': 'Java bean scope set to prototype, resulting in different references. default singleton design pattern changed.', 'duration': 28.723, 'max_score': 4925.342, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM4925342.jpg'}, {'end': 5032.05, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4985.098, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4989.861, 'text': 'so prototype means you can have every time a new object.', 'start': 4985.098, 'duration': 4.763}, {'end': 4993.243, 'text': 'request means one object per entire request,', 'start': 4989.861, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 5000.828, 'text': 'session means one object per entire session and global session means one object per entire global session on an application level.', 'start': 4993.243, 'duration': 7.585}, {'end': 5003.89, 'text': 'So how is a Bean added to a Spring application?', 'start': 5001.508, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 5006.832, 'text': 'So, guys, you use this tag known as Bean.', 'start': 5003.91, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 5012.056, 'text': 'you mention the ID and then you can have the properties as in key value pair right?', 'start': 5006.832, 'duration': 5.224}, {'end': 5018.041, 'text': 'So what is the role of Dispatcher Servlet and Context Loader Listener?', 'start': 5012.617, 'duration': 5.424}, {'end': 5024.326, 'text': 'So guys, Dispatcher Servlet is acting as a front controller in the Spring MVC.', 'start': 5018.601, 'duration': 5.725}, {'end': 5026.768, 'text': 'So many times I will call it as a receptionist now.', 'start': 5024.366, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 5028.449, 'text': 'so what happens?', 'start': 5027.188, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 5032.05, 'text': "any request when it's gonna land up to your web application.", 'start': 5028.449, 'duration': 3.601}], 'summary': 'Spring application components and their roles explained, including prototype, request, session, and global session scopes, as well as the usage of beans, dispatcher servlet, and context loader listener.', 'duration': 46.952, 'max_score': 4985.098, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/oYXivKMSEqM/pics/oYXivKMSEqM4985098.jpg'}], 'start': 4504.596, 'title': 'Java database connectivity & spring framework', 'summary': 'Covers java database connectivity with five steps and an overview of the spring framework including its core features, lightweight advantage, and various modules available. additionally, it discusses bean scopes in spring, covering singleton and prototype, and the role of dispatcher servlet and context loader listener in spring mvc.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4750.223, 'start': 4504.596, 'title': 'Java database connectivity & spring framework', 'summary': 'Covers the java database connectivity with five steps: loading the driver, creating a connection, writing statements, executing the statement, and closing statements, followed by an overview of the spring framework including its core features, lightweight advantage, and various modules available.', 'duration': 245.627, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the Java Database Connectivity with five steps: loading the driver, creating a connection, writing statements, executing the statement, and closing statements. It outlines the five key steps of Java Database Connectivity, providing a clear process for database interaction.', 'Spring framework is an application framework focusing on inversion of control for the Java platform, providing lightweight, high-performance, and integrated framework architecture for enterprise applications. Provides an overview of the Spring framework, highlighting its core features, lightweight advantage, and integrated framework architecture for enterprise applications.', "The core container of the Spring framework focuses on inversion of control and dependency injection, while the web module includes the widely used Spring MVC framework for developing web applications. Details the core container's focus on inversion of control and dependency injection, and the web module's inclusion of the popular Spring MVC framework for web application development.", 'Various annotations are used in the Spring framework for configuration purposes, such as @Required, @Autowired, @PreDestroy, @PostConstruct, @Resource, and @Qualifier. Highlights the annotations used in the Spring framework for configuration purposes, providing insight into their specific functions and purposes.']}, {'end': 5058.222, 'start': 4751.178, 'title': 'Bean scopes in spring', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of bean in spring, covering bean scopes such as singleton and prototype, and the role of dispatcher servlet and context loader listener in spring mvc.', 'duration': 307.044, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the concept of bean in Spring, covering bean scopes such as singleton and prototype. It explains the concept of bean class with attributes, setter, and getter methods, and demonstrates the extraction of bean from the Spring container. It also highlights the difference between singleton and prototype scopes.', 'The role of Dispatcher Servlet and Context Loader Listener in Spring MVC is explained. It describes Dispatcher Servlet as the front controller in Spring MVC, responsible for dispatching requests, and Context Loader Listener as a listener providing event callbacks during the loading of the web application context.', 'The process of adding a Bean to a Spring application is detailed. It mentions the use of the