title
Richard Wolff: Marxism and Communism | Lex Fridman Podcast #295

description
Richard Wolff is a Marxist philosopher and economist. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Skiff: https://skiff.org/lex to get early access - Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit - Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off - Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium - Linode: https://linode.com/lex to get $100 free credit EPISODE LINKS: Richard's Twitter: https://twitter.com/profwolff Richard's Website: https://www.rdwolff.com Contending Economic Theories (book): https://amzn.to/3HykPwT Understanding Marxism (book): https://amzn.to/39qpm8b Understanding Socialism (book): https://amzn.to/3Og9XG3 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 1:52 - Marxism 10:21 - Communism 45:27 - Human nature 57:43 - Economics 1:04:34 - Capitalism 1:36:58 - Governments and corporations 1:47:53 - Stalinism 2:01:52 - Nazis 2:08:48 - Socialism vs Marxism 2:16:28 - Bernie Sanders and AOC 2:33:29 - Cultural Marxism 2:40:28 - Darkest moments 2:45:58 - Advice for young people 2:48:17 - Mortality 2:52:08 - Meaning of life SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Richard Wolff: Marxism and Communism | Lex Fridman Podcast #295', 'heatmap': [{'end': 8348.026, 'start': 8242.688, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': "Richard wolff discusses exploitative class structures, marxism's development and global influence, the evolution of marxism, its impact on seizing the state, socialism, capitalism, the fallacy of redistribution, challenges of human nature, gender pay disparity, capitalism's impact on living standards, transportation, power dynamics on societal mentality, and modern marxism's influence on the transition from feudalism to capitalism, and aoc and bernie as early shoots of modern marxism.", 'chapters': [{'end': 716.384, 'segs': [{'end': 34.811, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.149, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2.75, 'text': 'Slaves produce a surplus which the master gets.', 'start': 0.149, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 6.191, 'text': 'Serfs produce a surplus which the lord gets.', 'start': 3.67, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 10.632, 'text': 'Employees produce a surplus which the employer gets.', 'start': 6.991, 'duration': 3.641}, {'end': 12.793, 'text': "It's very simple.", 'start': 11.552, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 28.022, 'text': 'These are exploitative class structures, because one class produces a surplus appropriated, distributed by another group of people,', 'start': 13.853, 'duration': 14.169}, {'end': 34.811, 'text': 'not the ones who produced it, which creates hostility, enmity, envy, anger,', 'start': 28.022, 'duration': 6.789}], 'summary': 'Different classes produce surplus for others, creating hostility and anger.', 'duration': 34.662, 'max_score': 0.149, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y149.jpg'}, {'end': 176.895, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 137.994, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 154.016, 'text': "But because these ideas that he put forward spread as fast as they did and as globally as they did, Literally, it's 140 years since Marx died.", 'start': 137.994, 'duration': 16.022}, {'end': 163.345, 'text': 'And in that time, his ideas have become major types of thinking in every country on the earth.', 'start': 154.856, 'duration': 8.489}, {'end': 176.895, 'text': "If you know much about the great ideas of human history, That's an extraordinary spread in an extraordinarily short period of historical time.", 'start': 164.806, 'duration': 12.089}], 'summary': "Marx's ideas spread globally in 140 years, becoming major types of thinking worldwide.", 'duration': 38.901, 'max_score': 137.994, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y137994.jpg'}, {'end': 334, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 298.159, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 300.742, 'text': "That's an easy transport even then.", 'start': 298.159, 'duration': 2.583}, {'end': 307.067, 'text': 'And for a short time, very short, Marxism had a different..', 'start': 301.663, 'duration': 5.404}, {'end': 318.088, 'text': 'In addition to being a critique of capitalism, it became a theory of how to organize society differently.', 'start': 309.321, 'duration': 8.767}, {'end': 321.29, 'text': 'Before that had only been implicit.', 'start': 319.088, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 323.372, 'text': 'Now it became explicit.', 'start': 321.49, 'duration': 1.882}, {'end': 334, 'text': 'What is the leadership of the Paris Commune going to do and why and in what order? In other words, governing, organizing a society.', 'start': 323.832, 'duration': 10.168}], 'summary': 'Marxism shifted from implicit to explicit critique of capitalism, offering new theory for society organization.', 'duration': 35.841, 'max_score': 298.159, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y298159.jpg'}, {'end': 534.581, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 505.963, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 509.085, 'text': 'Anyway, the importance in terms of Marxism is that now..', 'start': 505.963, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 522.155, 'text': 'this seizure of power by a group of Marxists, that is, a group of people inspired by Marx, developing what you might call a Russian,', 'start': 510.35, 'duration': 11.805}, {'end': 526.678, 'text': 'even though there were differences among the Russians too, but a Russian interpretation.', 'start': 522.155, 'duration': 4.523}, {'end': 534.581, 'text': 'This now has to be transformed from a critique of capitalism into a plan.', 'start': 527.418, 'duration': 7.163}], 'summary': 'Group of marxists seizing power, transforming critique into plan.', 'duration': 28.618, 'max_score': 505.963, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y505963.jpg'}, {'end': 593.376, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 561.157, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 564.039, 'text': 'is that you have kind of a bifurcation.', 'start': 561.157, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 570.282, 'text': 'Much of Marxism remains chiefly the critique of capitalism,', 'start': 564.819, 'duration': 5.463}, {'end': 583.61, 'text': 'but another part of it becomes a set—and they differ from one to the other—a set of notions of what an alternative post-capitalist society ought to look like,', 'start': 570.282, 'duration': 13.328}, {'end': 584.471, 'text': 'how it ought to work.', 'start': 583.61, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 593.376, 'text': "and there's lots of disagreement about it, lots of confusion, and I would say that that's still where it is,", 'start': 585.291, 'duration': 8.085}], 'summary': 'Marxism critique focuses on capitalism, while proposing diverse visions for a post-capitalist society.', 'duration': 32.219, 'max_score': 561.157, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y561157.jpg'}], 'start': 0.149, 'title': 'Exploitative class structures and marxism', 'summary': "Discusses exploitative class structures and their impact, exploring marxism's development, global influence, diverse interpretations, and specific historical events and figures, as outlined by richard wolff and historical events like the paris commune and russian revolution.", 'chapters': [{'end': 111.205, 'start': 0.149, 'title': 'Exploitative class structures', 'summary': 'Discusses exploitative class structures as a simple concept where one class produces a surplus appropriated by another, leading to hostility, enmity, and class struggle, as explained by richard wolff, a top marxist economist and philosopher.', 'duration': 111.056, 'highlights': ['The exploitative class structures, where one class produces a surplus appropriated by another group, lead to hostility, enmity, envy, and class struggle.', "It's important to study the ideas of Karl Marx and their implementations throughout the 20th and 21st centuries to understand the concepts of Marxism, Socialism, and Communism.", 'The conversation features Richard Wolff, a renowned Marxist economist and philosopher, discussing the exploitation of surplus produced by different classes.', 'The podcast seeks to promote understanding of Marxist ideas and encourages challenging dogmatically accepted beliefs, even if it is unpleasant or dangerous.']}, {'end': 716.384, 'start': 112.326, 'title': 'Understanding marxism and its impact', 'summary': 'Explores the development and global influence of marxism, from its founding inspiration by karl marx to its diverse interpretations and the transformation into a critique of capitalism and a plan for alternative post-capitalist societies, with specific focus on key historical events and key figures such as the paris commune, russian revolution, and the implications on the 20th-century implementations.', 'duration': 604.058, 'highlights': ["Marxism's spread and influence globally in 140 years, becoming major types of thinking in every country on the earth. Marxism's rapid and widespread influence has made it a major type of thinking in every country on earth.", 'The transformation of Marxism into a critique of capitalism and a plan for alternative post-capitalist societies, with diverse interpretations and disagreements on what an alternative society should look like. Marxism evolved from a critique of capitalism to include diverse interpretations of what an alternative post-capitalist society should look like, leading to disagreements and confusion.', "The significance of the Paris Commune in transforming Marxism into a theory of how to organize society differently, leading to a brief but impactful shift in Marxism's focus. The Paris Commune led to a brief but impactful shift in Marxism's focus, transforming it into a theory of how to organize society differently.", 'The Russian Revolution as a pivotal moment when Marxists seized power and had to transform Marxism from a critique of capitalism into a plan for the Soviet Union, leading to trial and error in the development of a post-capitalist society. The Russian Revolution was a pivotal moment that required Marxists to transform Marxism from a critique of capitalism into a plan for the Soviet Union, leading to trial and error in the development of a post-capitalist society.', "Marxism's dual focus on the critique of capitalism and notions of alternative post-capitalist societies, leading to disagreement, confusion, and the framework of the tradition. Marxism encompasses a dual focus on critiquing capitalism and envisioning alternative post-capitalist societies, leading to disagreement and confusion within the tradition."]}], 'duration': 716.235, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y149.jpg', 'highlights': ["Marxism's rapid and widespread influence has made it a major type of thinking in every country on earth.", 'The Russian Revolution was a pivotal moment that required Marxists to transform Marxism from a critique of capitalism into a plan for the Soviet Union, leading to trial and error in the development of a post-capitalist society.', "The Paris Commune led to a brief but impactful shift in Marxism's focus, transforming it into a theory of how to organize society differently.", 'Marxism encompasses a dual focus on critiquing capitalism and envisioning alternative post-capitalist societies, leading to disagreement and confusion within the tradition.', 'The exploitative class structures, where one class produces a surplus appropriated by another group, lead to hostility, enmity, envy, and class struggle.']}, {'end': 1833.661, 'segs': [{'end': 816.662, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 787.483, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 799.007, 'text': 'And so for a while they could enunciate their interpretation and it came to be widely grasped as something which, by the way,', 'start': 787.483, 'duration': 11.524}, {'end': 802.49, 'text': 'gets called in the literature official Marxism.', 'start': 799.007, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 809.676, 'text': 'The very idea that you would put that adjective in front of Marxism or Soviet Marxism or Russian Marxism.', 'start': 802.81, 'duration': 6.866}, {'end': 816.662, 'text': 'there were these words where the adjective was meant to somehow say kind of this is the canon.', 'start': 809.676, 'duration': 6.986}], 'summary': 'Official marxism widely grasped as the canon.', 'duration': 29.179, 'max_score': 787.483, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y787483.jpg'}, {'end': 874.44, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 839.659, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 851.488, 'text': 'where the taboo against Marxism kicks in right after World War II is so total in this country that I, for example, through most of my adult life,', 'start': 839.659, 'duration': 11.829}, {'end': 867.636, 'text': 'have had to spend a ridiculous amount of my time simply explaining to American audiences that the Marxism they take as canonical is that old Soviet Marxism,', 'start': 851.488, 'duration': 16.148}, {'end': 874.44, 'text': "which wasn't the canon before 1917 and hasn't been since at least the 1960s.", 'start': 867.636, 'duration': 6.804}], 'summary': 'Marxism taboo after wwii; spent ridiculous time explaining old soviet marxism to american audiences.', 'duration': 34.781, 'max_score': 839.659, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y839659.jpg'}, {'end': 1042.948, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1012.313, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1015.936, 'text': "one interesting, so Stalin's implementation of all of this.", 'start': 1012.313, 'duration': 3.623}, {'end': 1026.881, 'text': 'one interesting characteristic is to from the international aspect of the ideal of Marxism to make it all about nation, nationalism,', 'start': 1015.936, 'duration': 10.945}, {'end': 1027.862, 'text': 'the strength of nation.', 'start': 1026.881, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 1036.265, 'text': "And then, so Maoism is, it's different in that it's focused on agriculture, on rural.", 'start': 1028.702, 'duration': 7.563}, {'end': 1042.948, 'text': "And then Trotskyism, I don't know, except that it's anti-Stalin.", 'start': 1037.726, 'duration': 5.222}], 'summary': 'Stalinism, maoism, and trotskyism differ in focus and ideology.', 'duration': 30.635, 'max_score': 1012.313, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y1012313.jpg'}, {'end': 1205.325, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1176.647, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1186.912, 'text': "let's call it a mixture of militant working-class people on the one hand and critical or radical intelligentsia on the other.", 'start': 1176.647, 'duration': 10.265}, {'end': 1188.893, 'text': 'they now wanted a different question.', 'start': 1186.912, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 1191.294, 'text': 'They were persuaded by the analysis.', 'start': 1189.253, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 1197.897, 'text': 'They were agreeable that capitalism was a phase they would like to do better than.', 'start': 1191.374, 'duration': 6.523}, {'end': 1201.399, 'text': 'And the question became how do we do this??', 'start': 1199.096, 'duration': 2.303}, {'end': 1203.743, 'text': 'Not anymore, should we?', 'start': 1202.161, 'duration': 1.582}, {'end': 1205.325, 'text': 'why should we?', 'start': 1203.743, 'duration': 1.582}], 'summary': 'Militant working-class and radical intelligentsia seek to improve capitalism.', 'duration': 28.678, 'max_score': 1176.647, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y1176647.jpg'}, {'end': 1358.986, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1331.436, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1335.838, 'text': 'And that means how do we reward the workers in an ethical way?', 'start': 1331.436, 'duration': 4.402}, {'end': 1339.819, 'text': 'So those are the questions of.', 'start': 1335.998, 'duration': 3.821}, {'end': 1342.82, 'text': 'But the government was not part of that picture.', 'start': 1339.819, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 1352.244, 'text': "So it's very significant that towards the end of the 19th century, Marx is still alive when this begins, but it really gets going after he dies.", 'start': 1343.401, 'duration': 8.843}, {'end': 1358.986, 'text': 'is this debate among Marxists about the role of the state.', 'start': 1353.104, 'duration': 5.882}], 'summary': "Debates among marxists about state's role in rewarding workers in 19th century.", 'duration': 27.55, 'max_score': 1331.436, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y1331436.jpg'}, {'end': 1573.031, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1548.872, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 1556.002, 'text': "And so most of the time when you get to the point where it's even a relevant discussion, not an abstract thing for conferences,", 'start': 1548.872, 'duration': 7.13}, {'end': 1558.906, 'text': 'but a real strategic issue.', 'start': 1556.002, 'duration': 2.904}, {'end': 1560.047, 'text': 'the reformists have won.', 'start': 1558.906, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 1564.649, 'text': "I'll give you an example from the United States.", 'start': 1562.748, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 1573.031, 'text': 'In the Great Depression of the 1930s you had an extraordinary shift to the left in the United States,', 'start': 1565.249, 'duration': 7.782}], 'summary': 'Reformists won in the real strategic issue; e.g., leftward shift in us during 1930s.', 'duration': 24.159, 'max_score': 1548.872, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y1548872.jpg'}, {'end': 1766.714, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1730.343, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 1735.085, 'text': 'We were right, we were the revolutionaries, we seized the state here in Russia.', 'start': 1730.343, 'duration': 4.742}, {'end': 1745.59, 'text': 'Now we have the state, and socialism is when the working class captures the state either by reform or revolution,', 'start': 1736.226, 'duration': 9.364}, {'end': 1753.713, 'text': "and then uses its power over the state to make the transition from capitalism to the better thing we're going toward.", 'start': 1745.59, 'duration': 8.123}, {'end': 1766.714, 'text': 'And again, make a long story short, in the interest of time, what happens, which is not unusual in human history, is that the means becomes the end.', 'start': 1756.021, 'duration': 10.693}], 'summary': 'Socialism involves working class seizing state for transition from capitalism.', 'duration': 36.371, 'max_score': 1730.343, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y1730343.jpg'}], 'start': 716.984, 'title': 'Evolution of marxism', 'summary': "Explores the global impact of russian marxism and its spread, soviet marxism's unique elements and impact, the shift in marxist movement in the late 19th century, and the marxist perspective on seizing the state with examples such as the great depression in the us.", 'chapters': [{'end': 896.514, 'start': 716.984, 'title': 'Russian marxism and its global impact', 'summary': 'Explores the rapid spread of russian marxism throughout the world and its impact, including the creation of official marxism and the subsequent taboo against marxism in the united states.', 'duration': 179.53, 'highlights': ['The rapid spread of Russian Marxism throughout the world led to a lack of stability and connection back to its origins, making it widely grasped as official Marxism for 30-40 years.', 'The Russian interpretation of Marxism was widely accepted and even labeled as official Marxism, creating a presumption that it was the right one due to their success in implementing it.', 'The taboo against Marxism in the United States post-World War II led to a widespread misunderstanding, with many unaware that the canonical Marxism they know is the old Soviet Marxism, not the pre-1917 or post-1960s version.']}, {'end': 1125.745, 'start': 896.534, 'title': 'Soviet marxism and its impact', 'summary': "Discusses the unique elements of soviet marxism, including leninism, stalinism, maoism, and trotskyism, and their impact on revolutions such as the cuban, chinese, and vietnamese, as well as the early days of marx's writings and his critique of capitalism.", 'duration': 229.211, 'highlights': ['The impact of Soviet Marxism on revolutions such as the Cuban, Chinese, and Vietnamese is discussed, including the unique elements of Leninism, Stalinism, Maoism, and Trotskyism. The discussion explores how each revolution was a response to the way the Soviets implemented Marxism, with differences and reactions shaping their unique elements and approaches.', "The early days of Marx's writings and his critique of capitalism are examined, highlighting his scholarly approach and the influence of his life in the 19th century. The transcript delves into Marx's scholarly approach and the influence of his life in the 19th century, emphasizing his critique of capitalism and the gathering of precursors to his own work.", 'The detailed level comparison of the particular schools of Soviet Marxism, such as Leninism, Stalinism, Maoism, and Trotskyism, is discussed, including their unique elements and impacts. The chapter provides a detailed comparison of the particular schools of Soviet Marxism, exploring the unique elements of each, such as the vanguard party in Leninism, nationalism in Stalinism, focus on agriculture in Maoism, and the anti-Stalin stance in Trotskyism.']}, {'end': 1358.986, 'start': 1126.946, 'title': 'Marxist movement shift in late 19th century', 'summary': 'Discusses the shift in the marxist movement in the late 19th century, where the focus moved from analyzing capitalism to strategizing on how to surpass it, leading to a debated role of the state among marxists.', 'duration': 232.04, 'highlights': ['The focus shifted to strategizing on how to surpass capitalism. The audience, including working-class people and radical intelligentsia, wanted to move beyond capitalism and debated on the mechanism to achieve this.', 'Debate among Marxists about the role of the state emerged in late 19th century. Towards the end of the 19th century, a significant debate among Marxists about the role of the state emerged, marking a shift in focus from the workings of capitalism to the mechanism of surpassing it.', "Marx's primary focus was on the workings of capitalism and class struggle. Marx's primary interest was in the details of how capitalism works, the class struggle, and the core economic objective of capitalism, which was to maximize profit."]}, {'end': 1833.661, 'start': 1359.566, 'title': 'State in marxism: reform vs revolution', 'summary': 'Discusses the marxist perspective on seizing the state, with a split between reformism and revolution, highlighting the historical example of the great depression in the us, where reformists achieved significant successes over revolutionaries.', 'duration': 474.095, 'highlights': ['In the Great Depression of the 1930s, the reformists in the US achieved significant successes, creating a leftist presence and implementing reforms such as Social Security, unemployment insurance, and minimum wage, all paid for by taxes on corporations and the rich. Great Depression reforms in the US: Social Security, unemployment insurance, minimum wage, federal employment program.', 'The split between reformism and revolution in Marxist strategy has historically favored reformists, as revolution is considered frightening and dangerous, leading to reformists winning most strategic discussions. Historical favor towards reformism over revolution in Marxist strategy.', "The state is seen as crucial in Marxism, where the working class aims to capture the state through either reform or revolution to transition from capitalism to socialism. The state's crucial role in Marxism, transition from capitalism to socialism."]}], 'duration': 1116.677, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y716984.jpg', 'highlights': ['The rapid spread of Russian Marxism led to a lack of stability and connection back to its origins, making it widely grasped as official Marxism for 30-40 years.', 'The taboo against Marxism in the United States post-World War II led to a widespread misunderstanding, with many unaware that the canonical Marxism they know is the old Soviet Marxism, not the pre-1917 or post-1960s version.', 'The Russian interpretation of Marxism was widely accepted and even labeled as official Marxism, creating a presumption that it was the right one due to their success in implementing it.', 'The impact of Soviet Marxism on revolutions such as the Cuban, Chinese, and Vietnamese is discussed, including the unique elements of Leninism, Stalinism, Maoism, and Trotskyism.', 'The detailed level comparison of the particular schools of Soviet Marxism, such as Leninism, Stalinism, Maoism, and Trotskyism, is discussed, including their unique elements and impacts.', 'The focus shifted to strategizing on how to surpass capitalism. The audience, including working-class people and radical intelligentsia, wanted to move beyond capitalism and debated on the mechanism to achieve this.', 'Debate among Marxists about the role of the state emerged in late 19th century.', 'In the Great Depression of the 1930s, the reformists in the US achieved significant successes, creating a leftist presence and implementing reforms such as Social Security, unemployment insurance, and minimum wage, all paid for by taxes on corporations and the rich.', 'The state is seen as crucial in Marxism, where the working class aims to capture the state through either reform or revolution to transition from capitalism to socialism.']}, {'end': 2578.755, 'segs': [{'end': 1866.392, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1834.201, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1838.244, 'text': 'They declare that they are socialism.', 'start': 1834.201, 'duration': 4.043}, {'end': 1850.071, 'text': 'In other words, socialism becomes when you capture the state, not when the state capture has enabled you to do X, Y, Z, other things.', 'start': 1838.744, 'duration': 11.327}, {'end': 1856.575, 'text': 'No, no, the state itself, once you have it, is socialism.', 'start': 1850.451, 'duration': 6.124}, {'end': 1859.816, 'text': "So when a socialist captures the state, that's socialism.", 'start': 1856.755, 'duration': 3.061}, {'end': 1862.871, 'text': "Exactly And that's exactly right.", 'start': 1859.937, 'duration': 2.934}, {'end': 1866.392, 'text': "I feel like that's definitionally confusing.", 'start': 1864.431, 'duration': 1.961}], 'summary': 'Socialism is defined as capturing the state, not when enabling x, y, z activities.', 'duration': 32.191, 'max_score': 1834.201, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y1834201.jpg'}, {'end': 1915.891, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1889.662, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1898.767, 'text': 'The post office, Amtrak, the Tennessee, all the examples in the United States where the government runs something.', 'start': 1889.662, 'duration': 9.105}, {'end': 1901.028, 'text': 'This is socialism.', 'start': 1899.407, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 1905.502, 'text': "See, capitalism is if the government doesn't run it.", 'start': 1902.099, 'duration': 3.403}, {'end': 1912.288, 'text': "If a private individual who's not a government official runs it, well, then it's capitalism.", 'start': 1906.022, 'duration': 6.266}, {'end': 1915.891, 'text': "If the government takes it, then it's socialism.", 'start': 1912.688, 'duration': 3.203}], 'summary': 'Government-run services like post office and amtrak are examples of socialism in the united states.', 'duration': 26.229, 'max_score': 1889.662, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y1889662.jpg'}, {'end': 1969.7, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1947.618, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1957.914, 'text': 'Right What is the connection between that struggle and central planning that is often, central planning is often associated with Marxism.', 'start': 1947.618, 'duration': 10.296}, {'end': 1960.895, 'text': 'So a centralized power doing.', 'start': 1958.814, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 1969.7, 'text': 'Allocation So that has to do with a very specific set of implementations initiated by the Soviet Union.', 'start': 1961.856, 'duration': 7.844}], 'summary': 'The connection between struggle and central planning associated with marxism, with specific implementations from the soviet union.', 'duration': 22.082, 'max_score': 1947.618, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y1947618.jpg'}, {'end': 2256.226, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2212.887, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2216.549, 'text': 'Anyway, let me get to the core of it, what I think will help.', 'start': 2212.887, 'duration': 3.662}, {'end': 2227.247, 'text': "Marx was interested in the relationship of people in the process of production, that he's interested in the factory, the office, the store,", 'start': 2217.998, 'duration': 9.249}, {'end': 2228.589, 'text': 'what goes on?', 'start': 2227.247, 'duration': 1.342}, {'end': 2236.357, 'text': 'and by that he means what are the relationships among the people that come together in a workplace?', 'start': 2228.589, 'duration': 7.768}, {'end': 2256.226, 'text': 'And what he analyzes is that there is something going on there that has not been adequately understood and that has not been adequately addressed as an object needing transformation.', 'start': 2238.36, 'duration': 17.866}], 'summary': 'Marx analyzed workplace relationships, highlighting need for transformation.', 'duration': 43.339, 'max_score': 2212.887, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y2212887.jpg'}, {'end': 2453.137, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2425.77, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2434.637, 'text': 'Communism would be if the workers who produce the surplus together decide what to do with it.', 'start': 2425.77, 'duration': 8.867}, {'end': 2441.152, 'text': 'So this has to do not just with who gets it, but more importantly, who gets to decide who gets it.', 'start': 2435.29, 'duration': 5.862}, {'end': 2444.694, 'text': 'Well, who gets it and who gets to decide what to do with it.', 'start': 2441.732, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 2449.215, 'text': "Right Because you can't decide it if you don't have disposition over it.", 'start': 2444.894, 'duration': 4.321}, {'end': 2453.137, 'text': "So that's the logic of the word sequence.", 'start': 2449.635, 'duration': 3.502}], 'summary': 'Communism empowers workers to collectively decide surplus distribution and utilization.', 'duration': 27.367, 'max_score': 2425.77, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y2425770.jpg'}], 'start': 1834.201, 'title': 'Socialism, capitalism, and marxism', 'summary': "Provides insights into socialism and capitalism, using examples like the post office and amtrak. it also discusses the connection between marxism and central planning, emphasizing the absence of central planning in marx's work and the importance of surplus in shaping society.", 'chapters': [{'end': 1915.891, 'start': 1834.201, 'title': 'Understanding socialism vs. capitalism', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of socialism as the capture of the state, with examples like the post office and amtrak being considered socialist entities in the united states, contrasting them with capitalism as being run by private individuals.', 'duration': 81.69, 'highlights': ['The state itself, once captured, is considered socialism, as exemplified by the post office and Amtrak in the United States.', 'The definition of socialism is equated with the government running entities like the post office and Amtrak, while capitalism is associated with private individuals running them.', 'Socialism is defined as capturing the state, which is considered the essence of socialism.']}, {'end': 2578.755, 'start': 1916.211, 'title': 'Marxism and central planning', 'summary': "Explores the connection between marxism and central planning, emphasizing the absence of central planning in marx's work, and delves into the concept of exploitation as defined by marx, highlighting the importance of surplus and its distribution in shaping class structures and society.", 'duration': 662.544, 'highlights': ["Marxism and central planning are not inherently connected, as central planning is not found in Marx's writings, and the association primarily stems from specific implementations by the Soviet Union. Absence of central planning in Marx's work, association with specific implementations by the Soviet Union", "Marx's focus lies in the relationship of people in the process of production, analyzing the exploitation defined as the surplus produced by workers but appropriated and distributed by others, leading to class struggle. Focus on relationship in production, definition and analysis of exploitation, impact on class struggle", 'Exploitation is defined as the surplus produced by one class and appropriated by another, creating class structures and societal issues such as hostility, resentment, and class struggle. Definition of exploitation, creation of class structures, societal impact', 'The concept of surplus and its distribution forms the core of exploitation, with communism defined as the workers collectively deciding the disposition of the surplus they produce. Core of exploitation, definition of communism, collective disposition of surplus', 'The distribution of surplus by people other than the producers leads to exploitative class structures, fostering hostility and societal issues, as exemplified through a metaphorical story about distribution of ice cream cones among children. Impact of surplus distribution, creation of exploitative class structures, metaphorical illustration of exploitation']}], 'duration': 744.554, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y1834201.jpg', 'highlights': ['The state itself, once captured, is considered socialism, as exemplified by the post office and Amtrak in the United States.', 'Socialism is defined as capturing the state, which is considered the essence of socialism.', 'The definition of socialism is equated with the government running entities like the post office and Amtrak, while capitalism is associated with private individuals running them.', "Marxism and central planning are not inherently connected, as central planning is not found in Marx's writings, and the association primarily stems from specific implementations by the Soviet Union.", "Marx's focus lies in the relationship of people in the process of production, analyzing the exploitation defined as the surplus produced by workers but appropriated and distributed by others, leading to class struggle.", 'The concept of surplus and its distribution forms the core of exploitation, with communism defined as the workers collectively deciding the disposition of the surplus they produce.']}, {'end': 3230.208, 'segs': [{'end': 2636.667, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2580.516, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2582.437, 'text': "And that's how you solve the problem.", 'start': 2580.516, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 2589.46, 'text': "Until a psychologist comes along and says, you know, you didn't fix it by what you just did.", 'start': 2583.457, 'duration': 6.003}, {'end': 2592.661, 'text': 'You should never have done that in the first place.', 'start': 2590.54, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 2595.402, 'text': 'My response.', 'start': 2594.642, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 2608.046, 'text': 'so you understand all of the efforts to deal with inequality economic, political, cultural these are all giving the ice cream cone back to the kid.', 'start': 2595.402, 'duration': 12.644}, {'end': 2610.747, 'text': 'You should never do this in the first place.', 'start': 2608.446, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 2614.149, 'text': 'The reallocation of resources creates bitterness in the populace.', 'start': 2610.767, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 2615.309, 'text': 'Look at Harvard.', 'start': 2614.449, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 2623.252, 'text': "This country is tearing itself apart now in a way that I have never seen in my life and I've lived here all my life and I've worked here all my life.", 'start': 2615.709, 'duration': 7.543}, {'end': 2625.953, 'text': "It's tearing itself apart.", 'start': 2624.632, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 2636.667, 'text': "and it's tearing itself apart basically over the re-division, the redistribution of wealth, having so badly distributed it in the first.", 'start': 2625.953, 'duration': 10.714}], 'summary': 'Efforts to address inequality may worsen societal divide and discontent, as seen in the redistribution of wealth.', 'duration': 56.151, 'max_score': 2580.516, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y2580516.jpg'}, {'end': 2686.599, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2658.621, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2670.949, 'text': 'If you make a revolution and all you do is remove the private exploiter and substitute a government official without changing the relationship,', 'start': 2658.621, 'duration': 12.328}, {'end': 2677.613, 'text': "You can call yourself a Marxist all day long, but you're not getting the point of the Marxism.", 'start': 2672.83, 'duration': 4.783}, {'end': 2683.317, 'text': 'The point was not who the exploiter is, but the exploitation per se.', 'start': 2677.953, 'duration': 5.364}, {'end': 2686.599, 'text': "You've got to change the organization of the workplace,", 'start': 2683.517, 'duration': 3.082}], 'summary': 'Marxism seeks to change workplace organization, not just replace exploiters with government officials.', 'duration': 27.978, 'max_score': 2658.621, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y2658621.jpg'}, {'end': 2788.335, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2759.92, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2773.606, 'text': 'So the clever, the charismatic, the sexy, the muscular, the powerful, however you define that, start becoming a leader and start to do,', 'start': 2759.92, 'duration': 13.686}, {'end': 2777.348, 'text': 'maybe exploitation in a non-negative sense, a more generic sense.', 'start': 2773.606, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 2783.132, 'text': 'starts to become an employer, not in a capitalist sense, but just as a human.', 'start': 2777.968, 'duration': 5.164}, {'end': 2786.554, 'text': 'Here, you go do this, and in exchange, I will give you this.', 'start': 2783.172, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 2788.335, 'text': 'Just becomes the leadership role right?', 'start': 2786.594, 'duration': 1.741}], 'summary': 'Leadership involves becoming employer, offering exchange for work, not in a capitalist sense.', 'duration': 28.415, 'max_score': 2759.92, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y2759920.jpg'}, {'end': 2878.231, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2850.335, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2854.697, 'text': 'Is there some human nature that makes people want to do this??', 'start': 2850.335, 'duration': 4.362}, {'end': 2859.719, 'text': "Well, whatever that is, this has to be repressed, or else we don't have a society.", 'start': 2855.457, 'duration': 4.262}, {'end': 2868.327, 'text': 'And Freud helps us to understand that that repression is going on all the time and it has consequences.', 'start': 2860.823, 'duration': 7.504}, {'end': 2870.067, 'text': "It's not a finished project.", 'start': 2868.687, 'duration': 1.38}, {'end': 2871.828, 'text': "You repress it, it's gone.", 'start': 2870.087, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 2872.969, 'text': "It doesn't work like that.", 'start': 2871.908, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 2878.231, 'text': 'So, for example, when you get a bunch of people together at some point,', 'start': 2873.629, 'duration': 4.602}], 'summary': "Freud's theory highlights the constant repression of human nature, impacting society.", 'duration': 27.896, 'max_score': 2850.335, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y2850335.jpg'}, {'end': 3033.766, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3003.687, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3005.869, 'text': 'The capitalist is actually putting up a lot of risk.', 'start': 3003.687, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 3015.275, 'text': 'Are they not in sort of aggregating this organization and taking this giant effort hiring a lot of people?', 'start': 3007.45, 'duration': 7.825}, {'end': 3018.718, 'text': "aren't they taking on risk that this is going to be a giant failure?", 'start': 3015.275, 'duration': 3.443}, {'end': 3020.539, 'text': "So, first of all, there's risk.", 'start': 3019.058, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 3023.952, 'text': 'almost in everything you undertake.', 'start': 3022.23, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 3033.766, 'text': "Any project that begins now and ends in the future takes a risk that between now and that future, something's gonna happen that makes it not work out.", 'start': 3024.093, 'duration': 9.673}], 'summary': 'Capitalists take on significant risk when starting and running organizations, hiring many people, and undertaking projects.', 'duration': 30.079, 'max_score': 3003.687, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y3003687.jpg'}], 'start': 2580.516, 'title': 'Fallacy of redistribution and challenges of human nature', 'summary': 'Discusses the fallacy of resource reallocation, emphasizing the need for workplace organization, and explores challenges of human nature in economic systems, including the emergence of hierarchies and risks undertaken by workers and capitalists.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2686.599, 'start': 2580.516, 'title': 'The fallacy of redistribution', 'summary': 'Delves into the fallacy of resource reallocation and the tearing apart of the country over wealth redistribution, emphasizing the need to address workplace organization over government change.', 'duration': 106.083, 'highlights': ['The country is tearing itself apart over the redistribution of wealth, which has been poorly distributed in the first place, leading to bitterness in the populace.', 'The focus should be on changing the organization of the workplace rather than just substituting government officials, as the core issue lies in exploitation per se.', 'Efforts to deal with inequality in economic, political, and cultural aspects are likened to giving an ice cream cone back to a kid, signifying the futility of these endeavors.']}, {'end': 3230.208, 'start': 2686.599, 'title': 'Challenges of human nature in economic systems', 'summary': 'Explores the challenges of human nature in economic systems, highlighting the natural emergence of hierarchies, the repression of human behavior, and the risks undertaken by both workers and capitalists.', 'duration': 543.609, 'highlights': ['The natural emergence of hierarchies in human interactions. Humans form hierarchies naturally, with characteristics like cleverness, charisma, and strength leading to leadership roles.', 'The repression of human behavior in societal forms and consequences of such repression. Societal forms rule out disruptive human behaviors through repression, which has ongoing consequences.', 'The risks undertaken by both workers and capitalists in economic activities. Both workers and capitalists undertake risks in their economic activities, such as relocation, job security, and financial commitments.']}], 'duration': 649.692, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y2580516.jpg', 'highlights': ['The country is tearing itself apart over the redistribution of wealth, leading to bitterness in the populace.', 'Efforts to deal with inequality in economic, political, and cultural aspects are likened to giving an ice cream cone back to a kid, signifying the futility of these endeavors.', 'The focus should be on changing the organization of the workplace rather than just substituting government officials, as the core issue lies in exploitation per se.', 'The natural emergence of hierarchies in human interactions, with characteristics like cleverness, charisma, and strength leading to leadership roles.', 'The repression of human behavior in societal forms and consequences of such repression, ruling out disruptive human behaviors through repression, which has ongoing consequences.', 'The risks undertaken by both workers and capitalists in economic activities, such as relocation, job security, and financial commitments.']}, {'end': 3809.315, 'segs': [{'end': 3286.884, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3258.95, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3264.434, 'text': 'to give that a lower salary than you give the guy who watches your car?', 'start': 3258.95, 'duration': 5.484}, {'end': 3267.116, 'text': 'Come on, I know how to explain it.', 'start': 3265.154, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 3270.64, 'text': 'Gender explained, all kinds of issues.', 'start': 3268.358, 'duration': 2.282}, {'end': 3275.706, 'text': 'The car park people are males and the childcare people are females.', 'start': 3271.161, 'duration': 4.545}, {'end': 3279.89, 'text': 'And that in our culture is a very big marker of what.', 'start': 3275.986, 'duration': 3.904}, {'end': 3286.884, 'text': 'but the one who said only the economics professor, Nobody else says this stuff,', 'start': 3279.89, 'duration': 6.994}], 'summary': 'Gender pay gap: lower salary for childcare workers than car park attendants.', 'duration': 27.934, 'max_score': 3258.95, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y3258950.jpg'}, {'end': 3366.322, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3339.471, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3347.894, 'text': 'The notion is, if you take away one worker right now from the pile, what will be the diminution of the output?', 'start': 3339.471, 'duration': 8.423}, {'end': 3351.096, 'text': "That's the marginal product of that worker.", 'start': 3348.055, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 3359.977, 'text': 'Measured by? The amount of the output that diminishes output of the raw product, of the product.', 'start': 3351.616, 'duration': 8.361}, {'end': 3363.059, 'text': 'Usually in real terms, so physical, not the value.', 'start': 3360.337, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 3366.322, 'text': "You could do a value, but it's really more the physical you're at.", 'start': 3363.079, 'duration': 3.243}], 'summary': 'Measuring worker productivity by the physical output that diminishes when one worker is removed from the pile.', 'duration': 26.851, 'max_score': 3339.471, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y3339471.jpg'}, {'end': 3510.738, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3483.982, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3491.354, 'text': "No, but the serious part of this is that economics- You know, it's really about capitalism.", 'start': 3483.982, 'duration': 7.372}, {'end': 3494.275, 'text': 'Economics as a discipline is born with capital.', 'start': 3491.914, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 3495.135, 'text': 'There was no such thing.', 'start': 3494.295, 'duration': 0.84}, {'end': 3501.676, 'text': 'When I teach, I teach courses at the university, for example, called history of economic thought right?', 'start': 3496.075, 'duration': 5.601}, {'end': 3504.497, 'text': 'And I begin the students with Aristotle and Plato.', 'start': 3502.176, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 3510.738, 'text': 'And I say, you know, they talked about really interesting things, but they never called it economics.', 'start': 3505.657, 'duration': 5.081}], 'summary': 'Economics is rooted in capitalism and originated with capital, as seen in the history of economic thought from aristotle and plato.', 'duration': 26.756, 'max_score': 3483.982, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y3483982.jpg'}, {'end': 3574.322, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3549.467, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3559.051, 'text': "So they were both interested in this phenomena, that we're not just producing goods and then distributing among us, we're doing it in a quid pro quo.", 'start': 3549.467, 'duration': 9.584}, {'end': 3562.753, 'text': "I'll give you three oranges, you give me two shirts, a market exchange.", 'start': 3559.091, 'duration': 3.662}, {'end': 3569.458, 'text': 'And both Aristotle and Plato hated markets, denounced them, and for the same reason.', 'start': 3563.613, 'duration': 5.845}, {'end': 3572.701, 'text': 'They destroy social cohesion.', 'start': 3570.079, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 3574.322, 'text': 'They destroy community.', 'start': 3573.081, 'duration': 1.241}], 'summary': 'Aristotle and plato both disliked markets for disrupting social cohesion and community.', 'duration': 24.855, 'max_score': 3549.467, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y3549467.jpg'}, {'end': 3785.47, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3759.551, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 3763.753, 'text': 'We are in greater need of solving this problem than that problem.', 'start': 3759.551, 'duration': 4.202}, {'end': 3772.438, 'text': "And so we're gonna lend money to people working on this problem more readily, or more money than we lend over here because we're going to.", 'start': 3764.013, 'duration': 8.425}, {'end': 3775.44, 'text': 'but instead what we do is who can pay the highest interest rate?', 'start': 3772.438, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 3779.324, 'text': 'Whoa, what are you doing?', 'start': 3776.661, 'duration': 2.663}, {'end': 3782.147, 'text': 'What ethics would justify you doing it?', 'start': 3779.764, 'duration': 2.383}, {'end': 3783.689, 'text': "It's like a market in general.", 'start': 3782.407, 'duration': 1.282}, {'end': 3785.47, 'text': 'Something is in shortage.', 'start': 3784.249, 'duration': 1.221}], 'summary': 'Prioritizing lending to address urgent problems over profit-driven decisions.', 'duration': 25.919, 'max_score': 3759.551, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y3759551.jpg'}], 'start': 3231.024, 'title': 'Gender pay disparity', 'summary': 'Discusses the unjust salary difference between childcare workers and car park attendants, highlighting the gender and cultural biases that contribute to this discrepancy. it also delves into the fallacy of identifying the marginal product of a factor of production in economics and the impact of capitalism on the field, including the critique of market relations by plato and aristotle and the role of interest rates in modern economics.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3286.884, 'start': 3231.024, 'title': 'Gender discrepancy in childcare vs car park salaries', 'summary': 'Discusses the unjust salary difference between childcare workers and car park attendants, highlighting the gender and cultural biases that contribute to this discrepancy.', 'duration': 55.86, 'highlights': ['The unfairness of giving lower salary to childcare workers compared to car park attendants, despite the crucial role of childcare in mental formation of toddlers.', 'The gender and cultural biases are highlighted as the root cause of the salary discrepancy between childcare workers and car park attendants.', 'Criticism towards the economic system for undervaluing the important role of childcare workers in mental formation of toddlers.']}, {'end': 3809.315, 'start': 3286.884, 'title': 'Economics: the marginal product fallacy', 'summary': 'Discusses the fallacy of identifying the marginal product of a factor of production in economics and the impact of capitalism on the field, highlighting the critique of market relations by plato and aristotle and the role of interest rates in modern economics.', 'duration': 522.431, 'highlights': ['The fallacy of identifying the marginal product of a factor of production in economics is discussed, highlighting its limitations and the inability to accurately measure the impact of removing a worker on the output. Limitations of identifying the marginal product in economics and the inability to accurately measure the impact of removing a worker on the output.', 'The chapter explores the influence of capitalism on the field of economics, tracing the origins of economics as a discipline to the emergence of capitalism. Influence of capitalism on the field of economics and the origins of economics as a discipline.', "Plato and Aristotle's critique of market relations is examined, emphasizing their disdain for markets due to their perceived negative impact on social cohesion and community. Critique of market relations by Plato and Aristotle and their concerns about the negative impact on social cohesion and community.", 'The role of interest rates in modern economics is scrutinized, questioning the ethical justifications for lending based on the highest interest rates and discussing the concept of shortage in market dynamics. Ethical considerations of lending based on interest rates and the concept of shortage in market dynamics.']}], 'duration': 578.291, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y3231024.jpg', 'highlights': ['The unfairness of giving lower salary to childcare workers compared to car park attendants, despite the crucial role of childcare in mental formation of toddlers.', 'The gender and cultural biases are highlighted as the root cause of the salary discrepancy between childcare workers and car park attendants.', 'Criticism towards the economic system for undervaluing the important role of childcare workers in mental formation of toddlers.', 'The fallacy of identifying the marginal product of a factor of production in economics is discussed, highlighting its limitations and the inability to accurately measure the impact of removing a worker on the output.', 'Influence of capitalism on the field of economics and the origins of economics as a discipline.', 'Critique of market relations by Plato and Aristotle and their concerns about the negative impact on social cohesion and community.', 'The role of interest rates in modern economics is scrutinized, questioning the ethical justifications for lending based on the highest interest rates and discussing the concept of shortage in market dynamics.']}, {'end': 5474.07, 'segs': [{'end': 3832.454, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3809.715, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3817.637, 'text': "Okay, now how are you going to do it? In a market, you allow people who have a lot of money to bid up the price of whatever's short.", 'start': 3809.715, 'duration': 7.922}, {'end': 3824.311, 'text': 'That solves your problem because as the price goes up, the poor people, they drop out.', 'start': 3819.029, 'duration': 5.282}, {'end': 3829.993, 'text': "They can't buy the thing at the exalted price, so you've got a way of distributing the shortage.", 'start': 3824.351, 'duration': 5.642}, {'end': 3832.454, 'text': 'It goes to the people with the most money.', 'start': 3830.293, 'duration': 2.161}], 'summary': 'In a market, allowing people with more money to bid up prices distributes shortages to the wealthy.', 'duration': 22.739, 'max_score': 3809.715, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y3809715.jpg'}, {'end': 4046.481, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4019.277, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4028.913, 'text': 'because he lived at the time when major breakthroughs in textile technology and mining and chemistry and so on were achieved.', 'start': 4019.277, 'duration': 9.636}, {'end': 4042.6, 'text': 'But as to the notion that capitalism is therefore responsible for the improvement in the quality or the standard of living of the mass of people,', 'start': 4031.015, 'duration': 11.585}, {'end': 4046.481, 'text': 'Marx now comes back and says oh wait a minute here.', 'start': 4042.6, 'duration': 3.881}], 'summary': 'Marx challenges the idea that capitalism improved living standards.', 'duration': 27.204, 'max_score': 4019.277, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y4019277.jpg'}, {'end': 4813.239, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4785.112, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4787.113, 'text': "Those employees don't elect those people.", 'start': 4785.112, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 4790.534, 'text': 'There is no accountability.', 'start': 4788.453, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 4794.855, 'text': 'It is the most undemocratic arrangement imaginable.', 'start': 4790.974, 'duration': 3.881}, {'end': 4806.687, 'text': 'And this society insists on calling itself democratic when it has organized the minor matter of producing everything in a way that is autocratic.', 'start': 4795.575, 'duration': 11.112}, {'end': 4811.258, 'text': 'So to push back on a few things.', 'start': 4809.057, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 4813.239, 'text': 'So one is.', 'start': 4811.598, 'duration': 1.641}], 'summary': 'Lack of accountability in undemocratic work environment.', 'duration': 28.127, 'max_score': 4785.112, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y4785112.jpg'}, {'end': 5053.019, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5022.009, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5024.711, 'text': 'Here, you can work your ass off if you have a good idea.', 'start': 5022.009, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 5026.133, 'text': 'The odds are better in the lottery.', 'start': 5024.731, 'duration': 1.402}, {'end': 5028.234, 'text': "That's not true.", 'start': 5026.954, 'duration': 1.28}, {'end': 5029.915, 'text': "There's a lot of new businesses.", 'start': 5028.434, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 5032.295, 'text': 'How many Teslas do you notice?', 'start': 5030.355, 'duration': 1.94}, {'end': 5043.357, 'text': "Tesla's a really bad example because the car company, the automotive sector, is so difficult to they operate at such a thin margin of profit.", 'start': 5032.315, 'duration': 11.042}, {'end': 5053.019, 'text': "They're probably a good example of like capitalism just completely coming to a halt in terms of lack of innovation, you know.", 'start': 5044.037, 'duration': 8.982}], 'summary': 'New businesses provide better odds than tesla in the automotive sector.', 'duration': 31.01, 'max_score': 5022.009, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y5022009.jpg'}, {'end': 5180.665, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5151.491, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 5153.454, 'text': "You and I don't live in the same place, then.", 'start': 5151.491, 'duration': 1.963}, {'end': 5158.661, 'text': "So you're saying that the forces of capitalism take over the minds of the people at the top.", 'start': 5153.694, 'duration': 4.967}, {'end': 5163.126, 'text': 'and then they cease being human, essentially.', 'start': 5159.702, 'duration': 3.424}, {'end': 5164.928, 'text': 'The basic, okay.', 'start': 5163.146, 'duration': 1.782}, {'end': 5174.378, 'text': 'Depending on your model of humans, but they lose track of the better angels of their nature and they just become cogs in the machine,', 'start': 5165.048, 'duration': 9.33}, {'end': 5175.76, 'text': 'but they just happen to be the cog at the top.', 'start': 5174.378, 'duration': 1.382}, {'end': 5180.665, 'text': "I would put it differently, that the system is so set up, it's a little bit like natural selection.", 'start': 5175.78, 'duration': 4.885}], 'summary': 'Capitalism can lead top individuals to lose their humanity and become cogs in the system.', 'duration': 29.174, 'max_score': 5151.491, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y5151491.jpg'}, {'end': 5481.152, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5452.324, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5454.346, 'text': "You can't do this to a working class.", 'start': 5452.324, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 5458.47, 'text': 'When this was done to the German working class in the 1920s, Hitler was the result.', 'start': 5454.966, 'duration': 3.504}, {'end': 5465.287, 'text': "You keep doing that in this country, we're already watching it, you're going to get that too.", 'start': 5460.526, 'duration': 4.761}, {'end': 5467.228, 'text': "You're already getting bits and pieces.", 'start': 5465.728, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 5468.508, 'text': "You can't keep doing it.", 'start': 5467.468, 'duration': 1.04}, {'end': 5471.97, 'text': "So there's a quiet suffering amidst the working class that's growing.", 'start': 5468.528, 'duration': 3.442}, {'end': 5472.99, 'text': 'Taking out on it.', 'start': 5472.05, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 5474.07, 'text': 'That can turn to anger.', 'start': 5473.03, 'duration': 1.04}, {'end': 5481.152, 'text': 'Some little 18-year-old kid who has to go three hours in his car and blow away people in a supermarket.', 'start': 5474.27, 'duration': 6.882}], 'summary': 'The quiet suffering in the working class may lead to anger and violent outbursts.', 'duration': 28.828, 'max_score': 5452.324, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y5452324.jpg'}], 'start': 3809.715, 'title': 'Impact of capitalism', 'summary': "Discusses market dynamics, inequality, and capitalism's impact on living standards, highlighting resistance to improving lives. it also explores moral condemnation of capitalism, proposes democratic decision-making, and critiques capitalism's flaws and societal consequences.", 'chapters': [{'end': 4174.033, 'start': 3809.715, 'title': 'Market dynamics and capitalism', 'summary': 'Discusses the dynamics of a market system, the resulting inequality, and the impact of capitalism on the standard of living, highlighting the historical context and the resistance of capitalists to improving the lives of the mass of people.', 'duration': 364.318, 'highlights': ['The market allows people with more money to bid up prices during shortages, leading to the distribution of scarce resources to the wealthy, exacerbating inequality. The market dynamics allow wealthy individuals to outbid others during shortages, leading to the unequal distribution of resources and exacerbating inequality.', 'Capitalism has historically been associated with resistance from capitalists towards improving the lives of the mass of people, including opposing measures like raising the minimum wage, resulting in growing inequality. Capitalists have consistently resisted efforts to improve the standard of living for workers, including opposing measures like raising the minimum wage, leading to growing inequality over time.', "The chapter delves into Marx's perspective on capitalism, acknowledging its technological dynamism but critiquing its responsibility for the improvement in the quality of life for the mass of people. Marx acknowledges the technological dynamism of capitalism but argues that it has not significantly improved the standard of living for the mass of people, attributing resistance from capitalists and growing inequality to the system."]}, {'end': 4700.82, 'start': 4174.033, 'title': "Capitalism's moral condemnation", 'summary': 'Highlights the moral condemnation of capitalism for not utilizing technology to benefit workers, as evidenced by a production process example and proposes a democratic mechanism for decision-making.', 'duration': 526.787, 'highlights': ["The chapter highlights the moral condemnation of capitalism for not utilizing technology to benefit workers, as evidenced by a production process example and proposes a democratic mechanism for decision-making. Capitalism's failure to utilize technology for the benefit of workers is morally condemned. The production process example illustrates how technological advancements lead to worker layoffs and increased profits for employers. The proposal of a democratic mechanism for decision-making is presented as an alternative.", 'The proposal of a democratic mechanism for decision-making is presented as an alternative. A democratic mechanism for decision-making is proposed as an alternative to the current undemocratic system. The emphasis is on collectively deciding the allocation of surplus and technological advancements.', 'The production process example illustrates how technological advancements lead to worker layoffs and increased profits for employers. The example demonstrates how technological advancements result in worker layoffs and increased profits for employers. It highlights the negative impact on workers due to the capitalist decision-making process.']}, {'end': 4965.608, 'start': 4701.421, 'title': 'Democracy in workplace', 'summary': 'Discusses the undemocratic nature of workplace organization in the united states, highlighting the absence of democracy in the workplace, the impact of competition on accountability, and the emergence of monopoly through competition.', 'duration': 264.187, 'highlights': ['The undemocratic nature of workplace organization in the United States The transcript emphasizes the lack of democracy in the workplace, where a tiny group of unaccountable people controls a vast mass of employees.', 'Impact of competition on accountability Competition leads to the emergence of monopoly, as winning in competition results in the firing of workers by the losing party, ultimately leading to the concentration of economic power.', 'Emergence of monopoly through competition The speaker explains that monopoly is the product of competition, as winning in competition leads to the acquisition of resources from the losing party, ultimately resulting in the concentration of economic power.']}, {'end': 5474.07, 'start': 4965.969, 'title': 'Critique of capitalism', 'summary': 'Discusses the flaws of capitalism, highlighting the challenges faced by new businesses, the monopolistic tendencies of successful firms, and the contradiction of capitalism with human nature, along with the potential societal consequences of unchecked corporate greed and exploitation.', 'duration': 508.101, 'highlights': ['The American dream of moving from poverty to extreme wealth is discussed, with a focus on the challenges faced by new businesses. The chapter delves into the entrepreneurial spirit of the United States, emphasizing the ability to start from poverty and build a successful business, while highlighting the difficulties faced by new businesses in competing with established giants like Google and Facebook.', "The monopolistic tendencies of successful firms and the impact on market dynamics are explored, with a specific emphasis on the automotive sector and Tesla's challenges. The discussion focuses on how successful firms tend to become monopolistic, influencing market dynamics and pricing, using the automotive sector and Tesla as an example of the challenges and thin profit margins faced by new entrants.", 'The contradiction of capitalism with human nature is examined, with a critique of the dehumanizing effects on individuals in leadership positions within the corporate sector. The chapter critiques the dehumanizing effects of capitalism on individuals in leadership roles, highlighting the conflict between the pursuit of profit and considerations for human well-being, leading to a loss of basic decency and ethical decision-making.', 'The potential societal consequences of corporate greed and exploitation are outlined, with a warning about the growing suffering and potential for societal unrest within the working class. There is a warning about the potential societal consequences of unchecked corporate greed and exploitation, with a focus on the growing suffering within the working class, leading to the potential for societal unrest and even comparisons to historical events.']}], 'duration': 1664.355, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y3809715.jpg', 'highlights': ['The undemocratic nature of workplace organization in the United States.', 'The potential societal consequences of corporate greed and exploitation are outlined, with a warning about the growing suffering and potential for societal unrest within the working class.', "The monopolistic tendencies of successful firms and the impact on market dynamics are explored, with a specific emphasis on the automotive sector and Tesla's challenges.", 'The market allows people with more money to bid up prices during shortages, leading to the distribution of scarce resources to the wealthy, exacerbating inequality.', "The chapter delves into Marx's perspective on capitalism, acknowledging its technological dynamism but critiquing its responsibility for the improvement in the quality of life for the mass of people.", 'The chapter critiques the dehumanizing effects of capitalism on individuals in leadership roles, highlighting the conflict between the pursuit of profit and considerations for human well-being, leading to a loss of basic decency and ethical decision-making.']}, {'end': 7030.564, 'segs': [{'end': 5565.108, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5502.907, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5509.49, 'text': "If you're interested, 49,000 people were killed in automobile accidents this last year.", 'start': 5502.907, 'duration': 6.583}, {'end': 5513.691, 'text': 'The number was just released yesterday, 49,000.', 'start': 5509.75, 'duration': 3.941}, {'end': 5516.753, 'text': 'Automobiles are the single largest pollutant in the country.', 'start': 5513.692, 'duration': 3.061}, {'end': 5519.814, 'text': 'They use up an enormous amount of energy.', 'start': 5517.193, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 5523.616, 'text': 'They use up enormous amount of resources.', 'start': 5520.475, 'duration': 3.141}, {'end': 5532.853, 'text': "There is a way to make transportation much more rational, and we've known it for decades.", 'start': 5526.567, 'duration': 6.286}, {'end': 5535.295, 'text': "It's called mass transportation.", 'start': 5532.913, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 5547.867, 'text': "It's a really beautifully maintained, crystal clear, clean, frequent system of buses, trains, street trolleys, vans.", 'start': 5535.856, 'duration': 12.011}, {'end': 5550.509, 'text': 'It could easily be done in this society.', 'start': 5548.787, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 5556.044, 'text': 'In fact, I once did a project that I estimated cost $30 billion.', 'start': 5552.202, 'duration': 3.842}, {'end': 5561.427, 'text': "That's less than we're sending to Ukraine to do this, to reconfigure it.", 'start': 5557.184, 'duration': 4.243}, {'end': 5565.108, 'text': 'A public transit system where? Everywhere in this country.', 'start': 5562.087, 'duration': 3.021}], 'summary': '49,000 people killed in auto accidents last year, advocating for mass transit system.', 'duration': 62.201, 'max_score': 5502.907, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y5502907.jpg'}, {'end': 5619.397, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5584.198, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5588.44, 'text': "Okay? So I'm trying to be rational here.", 'start': 5584.198, 'duration': 4.242}, {'end': 5594.484, 'text': 'If we have a climate crisis which everyone tells me we do,', 'start': 5590.62, 'duration': 3.864}, {'end': 5603.014, 'text': "if it's got a lot to do with fossil fuels which everybody tells me it has to do and with the use of the fossil fuel, particularly for the automobile,", 'start': 5594.484, 'duration': 8.53}, {'end': 5605.917, 'text': 'then the solution to the problem would be mass transit.', 'start': 5603.014, 'duration': 2.903}, {'end': 5609.693, 'text': "We don't, we're doing nothing to make that happen.", 'start': 5606.792, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 5619.397, 'text': "Nothing Well, there's, you know, you could argue that autonomous vehicles is a kind of public transit because it's going to be reusable vehicles.", 'start': 5610.153, 'duration': 9.244}], 'summary': 'Climate crisis calls for mass transit as a solution, but little action is being taken to implement it.', 'duration': 35.199, 'max_score': 5584.198, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y5584198.jpg'}, {'end': 5800.841, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5776.764, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5784.45, 'text': 'a way to enhance the individual freedom of the mass of people who have had that freedom eroded under the capitalists.', 'start': 5776.764, 'duration': 7.686}, {'end': 5787.131, 'text': "That's a motive for my Marxism.", 'start': 5784.49, 'duration': 2.641}, {'end': 5788.673, 'text': 'It was for Marx, too.', 'start': 5787.612, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 5790.534, 'text': 'He loved the French Revolution.', 'start': 5788.733, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 5799.44, 'text': 'He loved the the great three, and then democracy, the American contribution, if you like.', 'start': 5791.134, 'duration': 8.306}, {'end': 5800.841, 'text': 'He believed in all of that.', 'start': 5799.74, 'duration': 1.101}], 'summary': 'Marxism aims to enhance individual freedom eroded under capitalism, inspired by the french revolution and american democracy.', 'duration': 24.077, 'max_score': 5776.764, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y5776764.jpg'}, {'end': 5884.439, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5859.147, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5866.611, 'text': 'Large numbers of people lose their homes in a downturn, like the so-called Great Recession of 2008.', 'start': 5859.147, 'duration': 7.464}, {'end': 5868.712, 'text': 'Who do they blame? The government.', 'start': 5866.611, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 5874.294, 'text': 'Large numbers of people go unemployed, and what is the media all about? The government.', 'start': 5869.552, 'duration': 4.742}, {'end': 5877.536, 'text': "If I were a capitalist, I'd love this.", 'start': 5875.475, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 5884.439, 'text': "I'd kick the workers by throwing them out of their home, and they don't get angry at me, they get angry at the government.", 'start': 5878.296, 'duration': 6.143}], 'summary': 'During economic downturns, people blame the government for home loss and unemployment, rather than the capitalists.', 'duration': 25.292, 'max_score': 5859.147, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y5859147.jpg'}, {'end': 5936.081, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5906.224, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 5908.646, 'text': "There's some pushback I give on the accountability.", 'start': 5906.224, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 5916.009, 'text': "I think there is some accountability we can discuss in a Hegelian way who there's more accountability for.", 'start': 5908.666, 'duration': 7.343}, {'end': 5921.132, 'text': 'I would say that in theory, government is perfectly accountable.', 'start': 5916.349, 'duration': 4.783}, {'end': 5923.173, 'text': "That's the whole point of a democratic system.", 'start': 5921.432, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 5924.914, 'text': 'is you vote people in.', 'start': 5923.833, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 5932.118, 'text': "In practice, there's a giant growing bureaucracy that is accountable only on the surface.", 'start': 5925.514, 'duration': 6.604}, {'end': 5936.081, 'text': "There's two parties that seem to be- Are the same.", 'start': 5932.178, 'duration': 3.903}], 'summary': "Government's accountability in theory is perfect, but in practice, bureaucracy is only accountable on the surface.", 'duration': 29.857, 'max_score': 5906.224, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y5906224.jpg'}, {'end': 6085.956, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6056.722, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 6063.529, 'text': 'And when they grow to be big, they keep buying whoever they were dealing with before, so they could better control them,', 'start': 6056.722, 'duration': 6.807}, {'end': 6072.058, 'text': 'which requires them then to plan the production and distribution of goods inside rather than buying them in the market.', 'start': 6063.529, 'duration': 8.529}, {'end': 6076.849, 'text': 'The model of the government is the private corporation.', 'start': 6073.086, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 6085.956, 'text': 'I have spent my life, give you an example, in American universities, big ones, famous ones, not just as a student, but as a professor.', 'start': 6077.489, 'duration': 8.467}], 'summary': 'Big corporations control production and distribution, resembling government as private entity.', 'duration': 29.234, 'max_score': 6056.722, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y6056722.jpg'}, {'end': 6184.477, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6157.512, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 6163.298, 'text': "they're accountable by sort of the consumer spending or not spending their money on, whatever the heck the company is selling.", 'start': 6157.512, 'duration': 5.786}, {'end': 6166.361, 'text': 'The government is accountable by votes.', 'start': 6164.159, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 6180.133, 'text': "And it seems like government, unlike companies, for most of companies' history, is always too big to fail, meaning it can always just print money.", 'start': 6168.423, 'duration': 11.71}, {'end': 6184.477, 'text': 'It can always save itself, and that creates a bureaucracy.', 'start': 6180.834, 'duration': 3.643}], 'summary': 'Consumers hold companies accountable by spending or not, while government is accountable through votes and has the power to print money, leading to bureaucracy.', 'duration': 26.965, 'max_score': 6157.512, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y6157512.jpg'}, {'end': 6662.198, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6632.084, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 6637.027, 'text': 'Lenin and his associates were able to take over from them later in that same year.', 'start': 6632.084, 'duration': 4.943}, {'end': 6640.93, 'text': 'The rest of the world, though, was horrified.', 'start': 6639.129, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 6654.655, 'text': 'The rest of the world saw Marxism having taken this immense leap from being a political party, a movement critical of capitalism, yes,', 'start': 6641.789, 'duration': 12.866}, {'end': 6657.536, 'text': 'but still not challenging the power.', 'start': 6654.655, 'duration': 2.881}, {'end': 6660.617, 'text': 'Now it had the power and in a big country.', 'start': 6657.936, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 6662.198, 'text': 'And they freaked out.', 'start': 6661.318, 'duration': 0.88}], 'summary': "Lenin and associates took power in 1917, shocking the world with marxism's sudden shift in influence and control.", 'duration': 30.114, 'max_score': 6632.084, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y6632084.jpg'}, {'end': 6877.072, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6849.77, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 6853.291, 'text': 'So, the French would say, tout seul, right? All alone.', 'start': 6849.77, 'duration': 3.521}, {'end': 6855.012, 'text': "That's one.", 'start': 6854.472, 'duration': 0.54}, {'end': 6858.253, 'text': 'The second thing is economic isolation.', 'start': 6855.952, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 6867.885, 'text': "Russia's a poor country and it needed what it got before the war, which were heavy investments from the French and the Germans particularly,", 'start': 6859.178, 'duration': 8.707}, {'end': 6868.685, 'text': 'but others too.', 'start': 6867.885, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 6870.587, 'text': 'Now this was all cut off.', 'start': 6869.286, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 6875.01, 'text': 'And you can see the replay with the sanctions program.', 'start': 6871.187, 'duration': 3.823}, {'end': 6877.072, 'text': "We're going to do it again.", 'start': 6876.331, 'duration': 0.741}], 'summary': 'Russia faces economic isolation due to heavy investment cuts and sanctions.', 'duration': 27.302, 'max_score': 6849.77, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y6849770.jpg'}, {'end': 6955.322, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6924.061, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 6930.803, 'text': 'maybe because of the idealistic nature of focusing on the working class and workers unite?', 'start': 6924.061, 'duration': 6.742}, {'end': 6936.285, 'text': 'that naturally leads to formation of a dictatorial force,', 'start': 6930.803, 'duration': 5.482}, {'end': 6948.92, 'text': 'a dictator that says let us temporarily give power to this person to manage some of the details of how to run the democracy,', 'start': 6936.285, 'duration': 12.635}, {'end': 6955.322, 'text': 'of giving voice to the workers so that they get to choose, and then that naturally leads to a dictator.', 'start': 6948.92, 'duration': 6.402}], 'summary': 'Idealistic focus on working class can lead to dictator formation.', 'duration': 31.261, 'max_score': 6924.061, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y6924061.jpg'}], 'start': 5474.27, 'title': 'Transportation, marxism, and corruption', 'summary': 'Delves into the urgent need for rational transportation, the tension between marxism and individual freedom in america, and the intertwining of government and corporations, highlighting the benefits of mass transit, erosion of individual freedom, and lack of accountability in government and corporations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5722.878, 'start': 5474.27, 'title': 'The need for rational transportation', 'summary': 'Discusses the urgent need for rational transportation, highlighting the high automobile accident fatalities and the potential benefits of a well-maintained mass transit system, emphasizing its cost-effectiveness and environmental impact.', 'duration': 248.608, 'highlights': ['Mass transit could be a cost-effective solution to the climate crisis, as it is estimated to have cost $30 billion, less than the funds allocated for other purposes. A well-maintained mass transit system estimated to cost $30 billion could effectively address the climate crisis, offering a cost-effective solution.', '49,000 people were killed in automobile accidents last year, emphasizing the high fatalities and environmental impact of automobiles as the largest pollutant in the country. The high fatality rate of 49,000 people in automobile accidents emphasizes the urgent need for more rational and safer transportation alternatives.', 'The focus on individual electric cars and autonomous vehicles is criticized as irrational, contributing to the continued reliance on individual fossil fuel-based transportation. The focus on individual electric cars and autonomous vehicles is criticized as irrational, perpetuating the reliance on fossil fuel-based transportation instead of promoting more rational and sustainable mass transit solutions.']}, {'end': 6001.321, 'start': 5725.16, 'title': 'Marxism vs individualism in america', 'summary': 'Discusses the tension between marxism and individual freedom, highlighting the erosion of individual freedom under capitalism and the con of blaming the government for societal issues, while questioning the accountability of both government and corporations in american politics.', 'duration': 276.161, 'highlights': ['The erosion of individual freedom under capitalism is a motive for Marxism, as it aims to enhance the individual freedom of the mass of people who have had that freedom eroded under the capitalists. Marxism aims to enhance the individual freedom of the mass of people who have had that freedom eroded under capitalists.', 'The con of blaming the government for societal issues, such as unemployment and housing crisis, diverts attention from the responsibility of corporations and capitalism, allowing them to escape accountability. The diversion of blame towards the government for societal issues such as unemployment and the housing crisis allows corporations and capitalism to escape accountability.', 'The chapter questions the accountability of both government and corporations in American politics, highlighting the lack of genuine accountability in the democratic system and the integration of media into creating the illusion of opposition between the two parties and the government and corporations. The chapter questions the accountability of both government and corporations in American politics, highlighting the lack of genuine accountability in the democratic system and the integration of media into creating the illusion of opposition between the two parties and the government and corporations.']}, {'end': 6261.083, 'start': 6001.321, 'title': 'Corruption in government and corporations', 'summary': 'Discusses the intertwining of government and corporations, highlighting the lack of accountability in government, the preference of corporations for central planning, and the differing levels of accountability between government and companies.', 'duration': 259.762, 'highlights': ['The government and the private sector are intertwined, with corporations preferring central planning and acquiring smaller companies to maintain control, leading to planned production and distribution within the corporation.', 'Companies are more accountable than government, as they feel the impact of bad decisions and can go bankrupt, while government can often distribute blame and is not under the same level of pressure to make good decisions.', 'The lack of serious accountability in government leads to inefficiency and poor decision-making, as it can always print money and save itself, accumulating bad decisions without facing the same consequences as companies.', 'Universities model themselves after businesses, organizing their bureaucracy in a business-like manner, further blurring the lines between the government and the private sector.']}, {'end': 7030.564, 'start': 6261.643, 'title': "Marxism's impact on soviet union", 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of marxism on the soviet union and the global response, highlighting the isolation, economic challenges, and geopolitical dynamics, ultimately questioning the implementation of marxism leading to dictatorship and bloodshed.', 'duration': 768.921, 'highlights': ["The global condemnation and isolation of the Soviet Union as a result of the rise of Marxism led to significant hostility and an attempt to crush the revolution by several powerful countries. The rest of the world's horrified reaction to the immense leap of Marxism to power in the Soviet Union resulted in utter isolation and condemnation, leading to hostile actions such as the agreement of multiple countries to invade the Soviet Union.", 'The economic isolation and loss of foreign investments due to the collapse of the old Russian regime contributed to the challenges faced by the Soviet Union and its socialist ideology. The loss of heavy investments from foreign countries due to the collapse of the old Russian regime led to economic isolation, creating significant challenges for the Soviet Union and its socialist ideology, impacting its ability to develop and progress.', "The theoretical focus on the working class and workers unite, coupled with the concentration of power, potentially led to the emergence of a dictatorial force and challenges in implementing democracy. The focus on Marx's ideals, particularly the working class and workers unite, along with the concentration of power, raised concerns about the potential emergence of a dictatorial force and the complexities of implementing democracy, leading to challenges and power struggles."]}], 'duration': 1556.294, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y5474270.jpg', 'highlights': ['A well-maintained mass transit system estimated to cost $30 billion could effectively address the climate crisis, offering a cost-effective solution.', 'The high fatality rate of 49,000 people in automobile accidents emphasizes the urgent need for more rational and safer transportation alternatives.', 'The focus on individual electric cars and autonomous vehicles is criticized as irrational, perpetuating the reliance on fossil fuel-based transportation instead of promoting more rational and sustainable mass transit solutions.', 'Marxism aims to enhance the individual freedom of the mass of people who have had that freedom eroded under capitalists.', 'The diversion of blame towards the government for societal issues such as unemployment and the housing crisis allows corporations and capitalism to escape accountability.', 'The chapter questions the accountability of both government and corporations in American politics, highlighting the lack of genuine accountability in the democratic system and the integration of media into creating the illusion of opposition between the two parties and the government and corporations.', 'The government and the private sector are intertwined, with corporations preferring central planning and acquiring smaller companies to maintain control, leading to planned production and distribution within the corporation.', 'Companies are more accountable than government, as they feel the impact of bad decisions and can go bankrupt, while government can often distribute blame and is not under the same level of pressure to make good decisions.', 'The lack of serious accountability in government leads to inefficiency and poor decision-making, as it can always print money and save itself, accumulating bad decisions without facing the same consequences as companies.', "The rest of the world's horrified reaction to the immense leap of Marxism to power in the Soviet Union resulted in utter isolation and condemnation, leading to hostile actions such as the agreement of multiple countries to invade the Soviet Union.", 'The loss of heavy investments from foreign countries due to the collapse of the old Russian regime led to economic isolation, creating significant challenges for the Soviet Union and its socialist ideology, impacting its ability to develop and progress.', "The focus on Marx's ideals, particularly the working class and workers unite, along with the concentration of power, raised concerns about the potential emergence of a dictatorial force and the complexities of implementing democracy, leading to challenges and power struggles."]}, {'end': 8883.395, 'segs': [{'end': 7197.94, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7169.949, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 7173.39, 'text': "doesn't follow the calendar of a political revolution.", 'start': 7169.949, 'duration': 3.441}, {'end': 7174.591, 'text': "That's the fundamental question.", 'start': 7173.43, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 7184.535, 'text': 'Is there something about communism that creates a mentality that enables somebody like Stalin or Mao?', 'start': 7174.691, 'duration': 9.844}, {'end': 7194.739, 'text': "No, I think it's the social issues and problems that society has that make them then go to what they find familiar to, what seems to make sense,", 'start': 7185.175, 'duration': 9.564}, {'end': 7195.379, 'text': "and he's the guy.", 'start': 7194.739, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 7197.94, 'text': 'Look, let me give you an example from American history.', 'start': 7195.619, 'duration': 2.321}], 'summary': "Communism's influence on leaders like stalin or mao is not as significant as societal issues and problems.", 'duration': 27.991, 'max_score': 7169.949, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y7169949.jpg'}, {'end': 7562.772, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7534.771, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 7537.893, 'text': 'They put the word socialist in their party,', 'start': 7534.771, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 7547.44, 'text': "but they wanted to make it clear that they weren't anything to do with the Soviet Union or anything to do with Marxism, so they put the word national.", 'start': 7537.893, 'duration': 9.547}, {'end': 7552.324, 'text': 'Nazi is the first four letters of national, national in German.', 'start': 7547.92, 'duration': 4.404}, {'end': 7556.767, 'text': 'NAZI is how you spell national in the German language.', 'start': 7552.984, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 7558.789, 'text': 'National socialism, but definitely not communists.', 'start': 7556.787, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 7559.53, 'text': "That's right.", 'start': 7559.049, 'duration': 0.481}, {'end': 7560.831, 'text': 'They killed communists.', 'start': 7559.87, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 7562.772, 'text': 'They fought communists in the street.', 'start': 7561.071, 'duration': 1.701}], 'summary': 'The nazis distanced themselves from socialism, fighting against communists in the street.', 'duration': 28.001, 'max_score': 7534.771, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y7534771.jpg'}, {'end': 7828.238, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7786.524, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7796.246, 'text': 'Is there a nice way to delineate, draw a line between Marxism and socialism? Or if Marxism is kind of a part of socialism?', 'start': 7786.524, 'duration': 9.722}, {'end': 7797.947, 'text': "That's better.", 'start': 7797.307, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 7805.408, 'text': 'Can you speak to like, maybe try to define once again what Marxism is and what socialism is? Right.', 'start': 7797.987, 'duration': 7.421}, {'end': 7825.837, 'text': 'Marxism is a systematic analysis, heavily focused on economics and, as I said earlier, devoted to mostly a critique of capitalism.', 'start': 7806.068, 'duration': 19.769}, {'end': 7828.238, 'text': "and that's its strength.", 'start': 7825.837, 'duration': 2.401}], 'summary': 'Marxism is an economic analysis critical of capitalism, a key part of socialism.', 'duration': 41.714, 'max_score': 7786.524, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y7786524.jpg'}, {'end': 8049.891, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8019.94, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 8025.063, 'text': 'maybe by definition such variety in their thinkers, but they kind of stand for a.', 'start': 8019.94, 'duration': 5.123}, {'end': 8030.713, 'text': 'dismantling of a power center.', 'start': 8028.19, 'duration': 2.523}, {'end': 8036.739, 'text': 'And that, if not equates, tends to rhyme with some of the ideas of socialism.', 'start': 8031.333, 'duration': 5.406}, {'end': 8040.082, 'text': 'Absolutely So where you have the, you know.', 'start': 8037.079, 'duration': 3.003}, {'end': 8049.891, 'text': "There's a whole train of thought in socialist ideas and in Marxist ideas that uses the phrase, quote, the withering away of the state.", 'start': 8040.282, 'duration': 9.609}], 'summary': 'Diverse thinkers advocate dismantling power centers, aligning with socialist ideas.', 'duration': 29.951, 'max_score': 8019.94, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y8019940.jpg'}, {'end': 8348.026, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 8196.652, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8199.735, 'text': 'And they sometimes refer to those ideas as democratic socialism.', 'start': 8196.652, 'duration': 3.083}, {'end': 8209.906, 'text': "Right. The crucial thing about Bernie and about AOC and it's particularly true about Bernie is because AOC is much younger and Bernie is an older man.", 'start': 8199.775, 'duration': 10.131}, {'end': 8224.217, 'text': 'Bernie, being roughly my age, has been around formatively as a student, as an activist, then coming up through the ranks in Burlington, Vermont,', 'start': 8211.528, 'duration': 12.689}, {'end': 8225.498, 'text': 'as a mayor and all the rest.', 'start': 8224.217, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 8232.361, 'text': 'He lived through, for lack of a better term, I would call Cold War America.', 'start': 8227.298, 'duration': 5.063}, {'end': 8240.267, 'text': 'And the taboo in Cold War America, running from around 1945-6 to the present, I mean, it really never stopped.', 'start': 8232.922, 'duration': 7.345}, {'end': 8246.369, 'text': 'was a Manichaean worldview.', 'start': 8242.688, 'duration': 3.681}, {'end': 8256.031, 'text': 'The United States is good, it defines democracy, and the Soviet Union is awful, it defines whatever the opposite of democracy should be called.', 'start': 8246.888, 'duration': 9.143}, {'end': 8258.152, 'text': 'Good here, evil there.', 'start': 8257.031, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 8272.92, 'text': 'It was taken so far that even among the ranks of academic individuals, it was impossible to have a conversation.', 'start': 8258.893, 'duration': 14.027}, {'end': 8275.981, 'text': "I mean, I can't tell, just make it very personal.", 'start': 8273.059, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 8290.227, 'text': 'The number of times I would raise my hand in my classes at Harvard or Stanford or Yale and I would ask a question that had something to do with Marxism because I was studying it on my own.', 'start': 8276.38, 'duration': 13.847}, {'end': 8298.191, 'text': "There were no courses that teach this to me, except by people who trashed it, other than that, and I didn't want that.", 'start': 8291.169, 'duration': 7.022}, {'end': 8310.637, 'text': "So I would ask a question and I would see in the faces of my teachers—both those I didn't much care for and those who were good teachers that I liked—fear.", 'start': 8300.333, 'duration': 10.304}, {'end': 8311.916, 'text': 'It was just fear.', 'start': 8311.076, 'duration': 0.84}, {'end': 8313.438, 'text': "They didn't want to go there.", 'start': 8312.437, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 8315.378, 'text': "They didn't want to answer my question.", 'start': 8313.737, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 8319.379, 'text': 'And after a while, I got to know some of them, and I found out why.', 'start': 8315.879, 'duration': 3.5}, {'end': 8323.481, 'text': "Because you don't know how the rest of the class is going to understand this.", 'start': 8320.24, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 8328.822, 'text': "Either they would have to say I don't know which would be the honest truth for many of them,", 'start': 8324.12, 'duration': 4.702}, {'end': 8331.822, 'text': "but a professor does not want to say in a classroom I don't know.", 'start': 8328.822, 'duration': 3}, {'end': 8334.263, 'text': 'this is not cool.', 'start': 8331.822, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 8342.105, 'text': "Or they'd have to, if they knew, they'd have to say something that indicated they didn't know really much and they weren't eager to do that.", 'start': 8334.282, 'duration': 7.823}, {'end': 8344.365, 'text': 'Or they would know something.', 'start': 8342.684, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 8348.026, 'text': 'And maybe that would be because they were interested.', 'start': 8345.145, 'duration': 2.881}], 'summary': "Bernie's experiences in cold war america shaped his views on democratic socialism.", 'duration': 61.5, 'max_score': 8196.652, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y8196652.jpg'}, {'end': 8750.428, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8726.767, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 8736.413, 'text': "Pretty soon—it's already happening—there'll be people who need and want to go further in the direction of socialism than Bernie and AOC are comfortable with.", 'start': 8726.767, 'duration': 9.646}, {'end': 8739.315, 'text': 'You can already see the shoots of it now.', 'start': 8736.814, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 8747.144, 'text': 'You know, AOC voted together with most of the others to support the money for Ukraine.', 'start': 8739.836, 'duration': 7.308}, {'end': 8750.428, 'text': 'A lot of people in the socialist movement do not support that.', 'start': 8747.224, 'duration': 3.204}], 'summary': "Growing support for socialism beyond bernie and aoc's comfort level.", 'duration': 23.661, 'max_score': 8726.767, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y8726767.jpg'}], 'start': 7030.644, 'title': 'Impact of power dynamics on societal mentality', 'summary': "Explores the enduring influence of unequal power distribution on societal mentality, referencing historical and contemporary political revolutions and societal shifts, and delves into the influence of marx's ideas on the rise of the nazi party, the distinction between democracy and republic, the enduring impact of cold war perceptions on academic discourse, and the awakening of socialism in america.", 'chapters': [{'end': 7311.515, 'start': 7030.644, 'title': 'Impact of power dynamics on societal mentality', 'summary': 'Discusses the lasting influence of unequal power distribution across history and its impact on societal mentality, exemplified by historical and contemporary political revolutions and societal shifts.', 'duration': 280.871, 'highlights': ["The influence of unequal power distribution on societal mentality is exemplified through historical and contemporary political revolutions, such as the Russian and Cuban revolutions, as well as contemporary shifts in the Republican Party's stance. The discussion highlights the lasting impact of unequal power dynamics on societal mentality through examples like the Russian and Cuban revolutions, as well as the contemporary shifts in the Republican Party's stance.", 'The chapter emphasizes the influence of historical power structures and institutions in shaping societal mentality and behavior, as demonstrated by the impact of feudalism, religious traditions, and political revolutions. The influence of historical power structures and institutions, such as feudalism, religious traditions, and political revolutions, in shaping societal mentality and behavior is emphasized.', "The discussion delves into contemporary examples, such as the shift in the Republican Party's stance, to illustrate the impact of societal desperation in tapping into older forms and individualism, leading to significant shifts in government policies and societal attitudes. Contemporary examples, including the shift in the Republican Party's stance, are used to illustrate the impact of societal desperation in tapping into older forms and individualism, leading to significant shifts in government policies and societal attitudes."]}, {'end': 7666.828, 'start': 7312.775, 'title': "Marx's influence on the rise of national socialism", 'summary': "Discusses the influence of marx's ideas on the rise of the national socialist german worker party (nazi party), highlighting hitler's use of socialism as a populist message and the party's opposition to communism and socialism, culminating in its ascension to power in 1933.", 'duration': 354.053, 'highlights': ["The National Socialist German Worker Party (Nazi Party) utilized the term 'socialist' to appeal to the German working class, although it was explicitly not aligned with Marxism or communism. The party strategically adopted the term 'socialist' to gain support from the working class, while distancing itself from Marxism and communism, demonstrating its calculated approach to political messaging.", "Hitler's populist message to the ruling group emphasized the threat of socialism and communism, leading to his invitation to form a new government in 1933. Hitler leveraged a populist message, warning the ruling group of the rising influence of socialism and communism, ultimately securing an invitation to form a new government in 1933, showcasing the power of his political rhetoric.", 'The chapter delves into the significance of the German working class in shaping political strategies, with various parties, including the Nazi Party, vying to gain their support by aligning with socialism. The German working class held significant influence, prompting political parties like the Nazi Party to align themselves with socialism to gain support and expand their influence, underscoring the pivotal role of the working class in shaping political strategies.']}, {'end': 8225.498, 'start': 7668.37, 'title': 'Democracy, republic, and socialism', 'summary': 'Discusses the distinction between democracy and republic, the relationship between marxism and socialism, and the influence of bernie sanders and aoc in modern democratic socialism.', 'duration': 557.128, 'highlights': ['Marxism is a systematic analysis focused on economics and a critique of capitalism, while socialism is a broader idea aiming to do better than capitalism. Marxism is centered on economic analysis and critique of capitalism, distinct from the broader concept of socialism, which seeks overall improvement beyond capitalism.', 'The influence of Marx and Marxism within the broad socialist tradition surpasses that of other traditions like anarchism. The impact of Marx and Marxism is unparalleled within the socialist tradition, exceeding even influential traditions like anarchism.', "The idea of the 'withering away of the state' in socialist and Marxist thought stands for dismantling the power center, as suggested by Lenin's quotation. The concept of the 'withering away of the state' in socialist and Marxist thought aligns with the idea of dismantling the power center, as exemplified by Lenin's quotation.", "The chapter delves into the influence and representation of Bernie Sanders and AOC in modern democratic socialism. The discussion includes the influence and representation of Bernie Sanders and AOC in modern democratic socialism, particularly highlighting Bernie's long-standing presence and AOC's emergence as a political figure."]}, {'end': 8428.911, 'start': 8227.298, 'title': 'Challenges of cold war perceptions', 'summary': 'Discusses the enduring impact of cold war perceptions on academic discourse, highlighting the fear and reluctance of professors to engage with alternative ideologies, particularly marxism, leading to limited educational opportunities and the perpetuation of biased economic debates.', 'duration': 201.613, 'highlights': ['The enduring impact of Cold War perceptions on academic discourse, particularly the fear and reluctance of professors to engage with alternative ideologies, is highlighted. The chapter details the taboo in Cold War America, where the Manichaean worldview perpetuated the perception of the United States as good and the Soviet Union as evil, leading to the fear and reluctance of professors to engage with alternative ideologies such as Marxism, limiting educational opportunities.', 'The limited educational opportunities in studying Marxism due to the fear and bias against it in academic institutions are emphasized. The speaker recounts his personal experience of facing reluctance and fear from professors when attempting to engage with Marxism in academic settings, leading to a lack of courses and guidance in studying the ideology.', "The perpetuation of biased economic debates and the challenges faced in independently learning about different economic theories are discussed. The chapter delves into the biased economic debates between neoclassical and Keynesian economics, highlighting the animosity and limitations within these academic discussions, and the speaker's struggle in independently learning about these theories due to academic biases."]}, {'end': 8883.395, 'start': 8429.491, 'title': "Socialism's awakening in america", 'summary': 'Discusses the awakening of socialism in america, starting with bernie sanders as an early sign and the potential for a shift towards more confrontational socialism, with growing disagreements within the socialist movement.', 'duration': 453.904, 'highlights': ["Bernie Sanders' emergence as an early sign of socialism's awakening in America, defying expectations by openly running as a socialist and gaining momentum.", "The shift towards more confrontational socialism and growing disagreements within the socialist movement, as evidenced by AOC's support for funding in Ukraine, despite objections from some in the socialist sphere.", 'The potential for a shift towards more confrontational socialism and the likelihood of growing disagreements within the socialist movement as it progresses.', 'The discussion of the awakening of socialism in America and the potential for AOC to become president in the future.']}], 'duration': 1852.751, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y7030644.jpg', 'highlights': ['The enduring impact of Cold War perceptions on academic discourse, particularly the fear and reluctance of professors to engage with alternative ideologies, is highlighted.', "The influence of unequal power distribution on societal mentality is exemplified through historical and contemporary political revolutions, such as the Russian and Cuban revolutions, as well as contemporary shifts in the Republican Party's stance.", "The National Socialist German Worker Party (Nazi Party) utilized the term 'socialist' to appeal to the German working class, although it was explicitly not aligned with Marxism or communism.", 'Marxism is a systematic analysis focused on economics and a critique of capitalism, while socialism is a broader idea aiming to do better than capitalism.', "The idea of the 'withering away of the state' in socialist and Marxist thought stands for dismantling the power center, as suggested by Lenin's quotation.", 'The chapter delves into the influence and representation of Bernie Sanders and AOC in modern democratic socialism.', 'The discussion of the awakening of socialism in America and the potential for AOC to become president in the future.']}, {'end': 10422.082, 'segs': [{'end': 8914.207, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8883.795, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8899.984, 'text': 'Anyway, the point is that AOC and Bernie should be, I think, evaluated as the early shoots after a long winter of Cold War, isolation from the whole.', 'start': 8883.795, 'duration': 16.189}, {'end': 8905.966, 'text': 'you know when I explain to people The contribution made, for example,', 'start': 8899.984, 'duration': 5.982}, {'end': 8912.027, 'text': "to modern Marxism—I'll give you an example—by the French philosopher Louis Althusser.", 'start': 8905.966, 'duration': 6.061}, {'end': 8914.207, 'text': "I don't know if the name means anything to you.", 'start': 8912.047, 'duration': 2.16}], 'summary': 'Aoc and bernie represent early shoots after a long cold war winter, contributing to modern marxism.', 'duration': 30.412, 'max_score': 8883.795, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y8883795.jpg'}, {'end': 8988.335, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8959.66, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8972.326, 'text': 'tried to bring a version of postmodernism into Marxism, with enormous impact all over the world where he traveled, not just in Europe,', 'start': 8959.66, 'duration': 12.666}, {'end': 8972.966, 'text': 'all over right?', 'start': 8972.326, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 8975.988, 'text': "So if you want to look him up, I'll spell it out for you.", 'start': 8973.406, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 8981.451, 'text': 'Sure A-L-T-H-U-S-S-E-R.', 'start': 8976.008, 'duration': 5.443}, {'end': 8984.573, 'text': 'Luis The Luis is spelled L-O-U-I-S.', 'start': 8981.811, 'duration': 2.762}, {'end': 8986.194, 'text': 'Luis Althusser.', 'start': 8984.693, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 8986.994, 'text': 'Look him up.', 'start': 8986.554, 'duration': 0.44}, {'end': 8988.335, 'text': "You'll see tons of stuff.", 'start': 8987.034, 'duration': 1.301}], 'summary': 'Luis althusser brought postmodernism into marxism with global impact.', 'duration': 28.675, 'max_score': 8959.66, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y8959660.jpg'}, {'end': 9077.051, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9045.154, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 9047.175, 'text': "I'm a historian too,", 'start': 9045.154, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 9057.48, 'text': 'and I know that the transition out of feudalism in Europe to capitalism was a transition that took centuries and that occurred in fits and starts.', 'start': 9047.175, 'duration': 10.305}, {'end': 9061.902, 'text': 'So, for example, a feudal manor would start to disintegrate.', 'start': 9057.54, 'duration': 4.362}, {'end': 9063.502, 'text': 'Serfs would run away.', 'start': 9062.302, 'duration': 1.2}, {'end': 9065.223, 'text': "They'd run into a town.", 'start': 9063.843, 'duration': 1.38}, {'end': 9071.046, 'text': 'How would they live in the town? They had no land anymore because they had run away from the feudal manor.', 'start': 9065.904, 'duration': 5.142}, {'end': 9077.051, 'text': 'A deal was struck without the people involved in the deal understanding what they were doing.', 'start': 9072.648, 'duration': 4.403}], 'summary': 'Feudalism to capitalism transition took centuries in europe, with manors disintegrating and serfs running into towns.', 'duration': 31.897, 'max_score': 9045.154, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y9045154.jpg'}, {'end': 9155.724, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9122.935, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 9135.549, 'text': 'Some of them lasted weeks or months or years, but it took a long time before The conditions were ready for a kind of a general switch.', 'start': 9122.935, 'duration': 12.614}, {'end': 9142.212, 'text': 'And once that was done, it grew on itself and became the global capitalist system we have today.', 'start': 9136.309, 'duration': 5.903}, {'end': 9144.353, 'text': "That's the only model we have.", 'start': 9142.692, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 9148.895, 'text': "So for me, that's what I see when I look at socialism.", 'start': 9144.993, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 9153.297, 'text': 'I see the Paris Commune was an event, an attempt.', 'start': 9149.615, 'duration': 3.682}, {'end': 9155.724, 'text': 'lasted a few weeks.', 'start': 9154.742, 'duration': 0.982}], 'summary': 'The global capitalist system evolved over time, with the paris commune as a short-lived attempt at socialism.', 'duration': 32.789, 'max_score': 9122.935, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y9122935.jpg'}, {'end': 9551.525, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9524.042, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 9534.21, 'text': 'If I were teaching, which I have done, a course in cultural Marxism, Those would be three major blocks on the syllabus.', 'start': 9524.042, 'duration': 10.168}, {'end': 9542.98, 'text': 'I would give you articles and books to read of their stuff because it has been so seminal in provoking many, many others.', 'start': 9534.791, 'duration': 8.189}, {'end': 9551.525, 'text': 'So there is something to be said and understood about the kind of culture that capitalism creates and the kind of culture that enables capitalism.', 'start': 9543.3, 'duration': 8.225}], 'summary': "Cultural marxism course covers three major blocks, influential in provoking others, and examines culture's impact on capitalism.", 'duration': 27.483, 'max_score': 9524.042, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y9524042.jpg'}, {'end': 10002.126, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9971.298, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 9980.353, 'text': 'about how to have a career like that, or maybe how to have a career or a life they can be proud of? Yeah,', 'start': 9971.298, 'duration': 9.055}, {'end': 9984.856, 'text': 'First of all, my advice is go for it.', 'start': 9982.934, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 9991.58, 'text': 'The conditions for doing that now are infinitely better than they were when I had to do it.', 'start': 9985.256, 'duration': 6.324}, {'end': 9997.123, 'text': "And I could do it, and I'm happy I did it.", 'start': 9992.82, 'duration': 4.303}, {'end': 10002.126, 'text': "Becoming a teacher is one of those decisions I made that I've never regretted.", 'start': 9997.543, 'duration': 4.583}], 'summary': 'Encouragement to pursue a fulfilling career, citing improved conditions and personal satisfaction from becoming a teacher.', 'duration': 30.828, 'max_score': 9971.298, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y9971298.jpg'}, {'end': 10180.276, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10144.758, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 10149.22, 'text': 'What role has love played in your life? Enormous.', 'start': 10144.758, 'duration': 4.462}, {'end': 10152.785, 'text': 'Because I came from a family.', 'start': 10151.544, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 10164.39, 'text': 'you know if your family is political refugees, which mine were, who had to interrupt their lives, moved to another continent, learn another language,', 'start': 10152.785, 'duration': 11.605}, {'end': 10168.472, 'text': 'find another life, income and job.', 'start': 10164.39, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 10170.993, 'text': 'the disruption goes real deep.', 'start': 10168.472, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 10173.029, 'text': 'for any refugee.', 'start': 10172.108, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 10176.853, 'text': 'So my mother and father were both refugees.', 'start': 10173.289, 'duration': 3.564}, {'end': 10180.276, 'text': 'They met as refugees.', 'start': 10177.954, 'duration': 2.322}], 'summary': 'Love has played an enormous role in the lives of political refugee family members who had to interrupt their lives, move to another continent, learn another language, find another life, income, and job, resulting in a deep disruption.', 'duration': 35.518, 'max_score': 10144.758, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y10144758.jpg'}, {'end': 10414.132, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10389.53, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 10396.236, 'text': "You're one of the great communicators and educators out there today, and it's a huge honor that you would sit with me for so many hours.", 'start': 10389.53, 'duration': 6.706}, {'end': 10396.796, 'text': 'Thank you.', 'start': 10396.416, 'duration': 0.38}, {'end': 10397.577, 'text': 'This is awesome.', 'start': 10396.816, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 10401.18, 'text': 'Thanks for listening to this conversation with Richard Wolff.', 'start': 10398.598, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 10405.583, 'text': 'To support this podcast, please check out our sponsors in the description.', 'start': 10402.02, 'duration': 3.563}, {'end': 10409.146, 'text': 'And now, let me leave you with some words from Karl Marx.', 'start': 10406.464, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 10414.132, 'text': 'The philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways.', 'start': 10410.487, 'duration': 3.645}], 'summary': 'Interview with richard wolff, renowned communicator and educator. thanks for listening.', 'duration': 24.602, 'max_score': 10389.53, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y10389530.jpg'}], 'start': 8883.795, 'title': 'Marxism and capitalism impact', 'summary': "Discusses the impact of aoc and bernie as early shoots of modern marxism, the transition from feudalism to capitalism, the influence of cultural marxism, and richard wolff's views on capitalism and life's meaning, covering key figures and parallels in the political and cultural spheres.", 'chapters': [{'end': 9042.855, 'start': 8883.795, 'title': 'Impact of aoc and bernie', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of aoc and bernie as early shoots of modern marxism, with a focus on the influence of louis althusser, a french philosopher, and the contrast between the political climate in france and the us during the cold war.', 'duration': 159.06, 'highlights': ["Louis Althusser's contribution to modern Marxism, particularly his attempt to integrate postmodernism into Marxism, had a significant global impact, evidenced by the widespread influence of his works, some of which were published by MIT Press.", "The contrast between the political climate in France and the US during the Cold War is highlighted through the example of Althusser's tenure as the rector of Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris and his active membership in the French Communist Party, presenting a stark contrast to the political environment in the US.", "The mention of the textbook 'Contending Economic Theories, Neoclassical, Keynesian, and Marxian' published by MIT Press, authored by the speaker, provides insight into the academic influence and reach of Marxist economic theories.", "The distinction between 'Marxian economics' and 'Marxist' is briefly discussed, with the speaker offering an explanation of the usage of the terms as a noun and an adjective, hinting at a nuanced understanding of Marxist concepts.", 'The discussion of AOC and Bernie as early shoots of modern Marxism, in the context of Cold War isolation, emphasizes their role in shaping contemporary political discourse and the evolution of Marxist ideologies.']}, {'end': 9457.568, 'start': 9045.154, 'title': 'Feudalism to capitalism transition', 'summary': 'Discusses the gradual transition from feudalism to capitalism, spanning centuries, with examples of serfs transitioning to waged labor, and the parallels drawn between early socialist attempts and the eventual rise of global capitalism.', 'duration': 412.414, 'highlights': ['Feudal manor disintegration and serfs transitioning to waged labor Describes how serfs transitioned to waged labor in towns as feudal manors disintegrated, without understanding the implications of the deal.', 'Efforts unconscious, not self-aware, to transition out of feudalism Explains the unconscious efforts to transition out of feudalism to a new system, some lasting only a few days while others persisted for longer periods.', 'Early socialist attempts and parallels drawn with the rise of global capitalism Draws parallels between early socialist attempts like the Paris Commune and the eventual rise of global capitalism, highlighting the learning process and the evolution of ideologies.']}, {'end': 9833.63, 'start': 9458.028, 'title': 'Cultural marxism and its impact', 'summary': 'Discusses the influence of cultural marxism in analyzing the interaction between capitalism and culture, highlighting the key figures such as georg lukacs, antonio gramsci, stuart hall, and walter benjamin, and the impact on academic study and personal experiences.', 'duration': 375.602, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the influence of cultural Marxism in analyzing the interaction between capitalism and culture, highlighting key figures such as Georg Lukacs, Antonio Gramsci, Stuart Hall, and Walter Benjamin. Key figures mentioned: Georg Lukacs, Antonio Gramsci, Stuart Hall, and Walter Benjamin.', 'The impact of cultural Marxism on academic study is emphasized, with the mention of teaching a course in cultural Marxism and the influential works of major figures in the field. Reference to teaching a course in cultural Marxism and influential works of major figures.', 'Personal experiences related to the study of Marxism are discussed, highlighting the challenges faced and the role of academic prestige in navigating difficult situations. Discussion of personal experiences and the role of academic prestige in difficult situations.']}, {'end': 10422.082, 'start': 9834.951, 'title': "Richard wolff: capitalism, career advice, and life's meaning", 'summary': "Discusses richard wolff's views on capitalism, the significant changes in his career over the last 10 years, advice for students, the importance of being a critic of society, his perspective on death, the role of love in his life, and the meaning of life, emphasizing the impact of struggles in making life meaningful.", 'duration': 587.131, 'highlights': ["Richard Wolff's significant career change over the last 10 years, from occasional public events to doing two to four interviews every day, reflects a substantial shift in demand and engagement, indicating a growing hunger for his insights and perspectives.", 'Wolff encourages high school and college students to pursue non-standard careers, emphasizing that the conditions for doing so are now infinitely better than before, suggesting a positive shift in opportunities for unconventional career paths.', 'Wolff expresses the gratification and joy he experiences as a critic of society, noting the encouragement and gratitude from people who appreciate his insights, highlighting the fulfilling nature of his role as a societal critic.', 'Wolff shares his perspective on death, expressing his lack of fear and concern for himself but acknowledging his worry for his wife, providing insight into his personal life and emotional attachments.', "Wolff reflects on the significant role of love in his life, attributing it to his family's history as political refugees and the pressure to achieve in order to fulfill his parents' unattainable aspirations, offering a glimpse into his personal motivations and struggles.", 'Wolff shares his perspective on the meaning of life, emphasizing the significance and satisfaction derived from the struggles in relationships, understanding complex concepts, and communicating effectively, providing insight into his philosophical outlook on life.']}], 'duration': 1538.287, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/o0Bi-q89j5Y/pics/o0Bi-q89j5Y8883795.jpg', 'highlights': ["Louis Althusser's global impact on modern Marxism, integrating postmodernism into Marxism.", 'AOC and Bernie as early shoots of modern Marxism, shaping contemporary political discourse.', 'Transition of serfs to waged labor as feudal manors disintegrated, highlighting unconscious efforts.', 'Draws parallels between early socialist attempts and the rise of global capitalism.', 'Influence of cultural Marxism on analyzing capitalism and culture, highlighting key figures.', "Richard Wolff's significant career change, reflecting growing demand for his insights.", 'Encourages pursuing non-standard careers, indicating positive shift in opportunities.', 'Reflects on the significant role of love in his life, offering insight into personal motivations.']}], 'highlights': ["Marxism's rapid and widespread influence has made it a major type of thinking in every country on earth.", 'The Russian Revolution was a pivotal moment that required Marxists to transform Marxism from a critique of capitalism into a plan for the Soviet Union, leading to trial and error in the development of a post-capitalist society.', "The Paris Commune led to a brief but impactful shift in Marxism's focus, transforming it into a theory of how to organize society differently.", 'Marxism encompasses a dual focus on critiquing capitalism and envisioning alternative post-capitalist societies, leading to disagreement and confusion within the tradition.', 'The exploitative class structures, where one class produces a surplus appropriated by another group, lead to hostility, enmity, envy, and class struggle.', 'The rapid spread of Russian Marxism led to a lack of stability and connection back to its origins, making it widely grasped as official Marxism for 30-40 years.', 'The taboo against Marxism in the United States post-World War II led to a widespread misunderstanding, with many unaware that the canonical Marxism they know is the old Soviet Marxism, not the pre-1917 or post-1960s version.', 'The Russian interpretation of Marxism was widely accepted and even labeled as official Marxism, creating a presumption that it was the right one due to their success in implementing it.', 'The impact of Soviet Marxism on revolutions such as the Cuban, Chinese, and Vietnamese is discussed, including the unique elements of Leninism, Stalinism, Maoism, and Trotskyism.', 'The state is seen as crucial in Marxism, where the working class aims to capture the state through either reform or revolution to transition from capitalism to socialism.', 'The state itself, once captured, is considered socialism, as exemplified by the post office and Amtrak in the United States.', 'Socialism is defined as capturing the state, which is considered the essence of socialism.', 'The definition of socialism is equated with the government running entities like the post office and Amtrak, while capitalism is associated with private individuals running them.', "Marxism and central planning are not inherently connected, as central planning is not found in Marx's writings, and the association primarily stems from specific implementations by the Soviet Union.", "Marx's focus lies in the relationship of people in the process of production, analyzing the exploitation defined as the surplus produced by workers but appropriated and distributed by others, leading to class struggle.", 'The concept of surplus and its distribution forms the core of exploitation, with communism defined as the workers collectively deciding the disposition of the surplus they produce.', 'The country is tearing itself apart over the redistribution of wealth, leading to bitterness in the populace.', 'Efforts to deal with inequality in economic, political, and cultural aspects are likened to giving an ice cream cone back to a kid, signifying the futility of these endeavors.', 'The focus should be on changing the organization of the workplace rather than just substituting government officials, as the core issue lies in exploitation per se.', 'The natural emergence of hierarchies in human interactions, with characteristics like cleverness, charisma, and strength leading to leadership roles.', 'The repression of human behavior in societal forms and consequences of such repression, ruling out disruptive human behaviors through repression, which has ongoing consequences.', 'The unfairness of giving lower salary to childcare workers compared to car park attendants, despite the crucial role of childcare in mental formation of toddlers.', 'The gender and cultural biases are highlighted as the root cause of the salary discrepancy between childcare workers and car park attendants.', 'The undemocratic nature of workplace organization in the United States.', "The monopolistic tendencies of successful firms and the impact on market dynamics are explored, with a specific emphasis on the automotive sector and Tesla's challenges.", 'The market allows people with more money to bid up prices during shortages, leading to the distribution of scarce resources to the wealthy, exacerbating inequality.', 'A well-maintained mass transit system estimated to cost $30 billion could effectively address the climate crisis, offering a cost-effective solution.', 'The high fatality rate of 49,000 people in automobile accidents emphasizes the urgent need for more rational and safer transportation alternatives.', 'Marxism aims to enhance the individual freedom of the mass of people who have had that freedom eroded under capitalists.', 'The lack of serious accountability in government leads to inefficiency and poor decision-making, as it can always print money and save itself, accumulating bad decisions without facing the same consequences as companies.', "The rest of the world's horrified reaction to the immense leap of Marxism to power in the Soviet Union resulted in utter isolation and condemnation, leading to hostile actions such as the agreement of multiple countries to invade the Soviet Union.", 'The enduring impact of Cold War perceptions on academic discourse, particularly the fear and reluctance of professors to engage with alternative ideologies, is highlighted.', "The influence of unequal power distribution on societal mentality is exemplified through historical and contemporary political revolutions, such as the Russian and Cuban revolutions, as well as contemporary shifts in the Republican Party's stance.", "The National Socialist German Worker Party (Nazi Party) utilized the term 'socialist' to appeal to the German working class, although it was explicitly not aligned with Marxism or communism.", 'Marxism is a systematic analysis focused on economics and a critique of capitalism, while socialism is a broader idea aiming to do better than capitalism.', "The idea of the 'withering away of the state' in socialist and Marxist thought stands for dismantling the power center, as suggested by Lenin's quotation.", 'The chapter delves into the influence and representation of Bernie Sanders and AOC in modern democratic socialism.', "Louis Althusser's global impact on modern Marxism, integrating postmodernism into Marxism.", 'AOC and Bernie as early shoots of modern Marxism, shaping contemporary political discourse.', 'Transition of serfs to waged labor as feudal manors disintegrated, highlighting unconscious efforts.', 'Draws parallels between early socialist attempts and the rise of global capitalism.', 'Influence of cultural Marxism on analyzing capitalism and culture, highlighting key figures.', "Richard Wolff's significant career change, reflecting growing demand for his insights.", 'Encourages pursuing non-standard careers, indicating positive shift in opportunities.', 'Reflects on the significant role of love in his life, offering insight into personal motivations.']}