title
Basics Of Cybersecurity For Beginners | Cybersecurity Fundamentals | Cybersecurity | Simplilearn

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🔥Cyber Security Course for 3-8 Yrs Work Exp: https://l.linklyhq.com/l/1tx76 🔥Cyber Security Course for 0-3 Yrs Work Exp: https://l.linklyhq.com/l/1ugBy 🔥Cyber Security Course for 8+ Yrs Work Exp: https://l.linklyhq.com/l/1tx7J ✅Subscribe to our Channel to learn more about the top Technologies: https://bit.ly/2VT4WtH ⏩ Check out the Cyber Security training videos: https://bit.ly/3cMmCxj #BasicsOfCybersecurityForBeginners #CybersecurityTraining #CybersecurityCertification #CybersecurityTrainingForBeginners #CybersecurityTutorial #CyberSecurity #CybersecurityCareer #Cyber_Security #CybersecurityCourse #Cybersecurity #simplilearn 🔥Enroll for Free Cyber Security Course & Get Your Completion Certificate: https://www.simplilearn.com/learn-cyber-security-basics-skillup?utm_campaign=BasicsOfCybersecurityForBeginners&utm_medium=Description&utm_source=youtube 🔥IIIT Bangalore Advanced Executive Program In Cybersecurity (India Only): https://www.simplilearn.com/pgp-advanced-executive-program-in-cyber-security?utm_campaign=SCE-IIITBangaloreCS&utm_medium=DescriptionFF&utm_source=youtube 🔥Cyber Security Masters Program (Discount Code - YTBE15): https://www.simplilearn.com/cyber-security-expert-master-program-training-course?utm_campaign=SCE-MasterCS&utm_medium=DescriptionFF&utm_source=youtube ➡️ About Post Graduate Program In Cyber Security This Post Graduate Program in Cyber Security will help you learn comprehensive approaches to protecting your infrastructure and securing data, including risk analysis, mitigation, and compliance. You will get foundational to advanced skills through industry-leading cyber security certification courses that are part of the program. ✅ Key Features - Simplilearn Post Graduate Certificate - Masterclasses from MIT Faculty - Featuring Modules from MIT SCC and EC-Council - 8X higher interaction in live online classes conducted by industry experts - Simplilearn's JobAssist helps you get noticed by top hiring companies - Industry case studies in cyber security - Access to CEH Pro Version - 25+ hands-on projects - Capstone project in 3 domains - MIT CSAIL Professional Programs Community ✅ Skills Covered - Advanced Hacking Concepts - Network Packet Analysis - Ethical Hacking - IDS Firewalls and Honeypots - Security and Risk Management - Network Security - Software Development Security - Cryptography OSI and TCPIP Models - Identity and Access Management - Security Assessment and Testing - Trojans Backdoors and Countermeasures - Mobile and Web Technologies 👉 Learn More at: https://www.simplilearn.com/pgp-cyber-security-certification-training-course?utm_campaign=BasicsOfCybersecurityForBeginners&utm_medium=Description&utm_source=youtube 🔥IIIT Bangalore Advanced Executive Program In Cybersecurity (India Only): https://www.simplilearn.com/pgp-advanced-executive-program-in-cyber-security?utm_campaign=SCE-IIITBangaloreCS&utm_medium=DescriptionFF&utm_source=youtube 🔥Cyber Security Masters Program (Discount Code - YTBE15): https://www.simplilearn.com/cyber-security-expert-master-program-training-course?utm_campaign=SCE-MasterCS&utm_medium=DescriptionFF&utm_source=youtube For more information about Simplilearn courses, visit: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Simplilearn - Twitter: https://twitter.com/simplilearn - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/simplilearn/ - Telegram Mobile: https://t.me/simplilearnupdates Get the Simplilearn app: https://simpli.app.link/OlbFAhqMqgb

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{'title': 'Basics Of Cybersecurity For Beginners | Cybersecurity Fundamentals | Cybersecurity | Simplilearn', 'heatmap': [{'end': 1877.813, 'start': 1763.614, 'weight': 0.834}, {'end': 3336.087, 'start': 3226.909, 'weight': 0.703}, {'end': 3651.347, 'start': 3434.97, 'weight': 0.727}], 'summary': "Covers the significance of online shopping security, various cyber attacks, preventive measures, and the roles of cybersecurity professionals, discussing top 10 cyber attacks, their impact and perpetrators, and highlighting the top 3 cybersecurity attacks with quantifiable data. it also emphasizes cybercrime motivations, types, and business impact, preventive measures, common cyber attacks, and computer security best practices, and covers cybersecurity careers, skills, and job roles with average annual salaries. additionally, it discusses the high demand for cybersecurity professionals, the simply learn cybersecurity expert master's program, basics of the osi model, network communication, dns security, software testing and security measures, operating systems, network protocols, cryptography basics, pki, rsa, and modern cryptographic objectives.", 'chapters': [{'end': 346.402, 'segs': [{'end': 31.681, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.289, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 0.869, 'text': 'Meet Anne.', 'start': 0.289, 'duration': 0.58}, {'end': 5.551, 'text': 'She often shops from www.shoppingcart.com.', 'start': 1.77, 'duration': 3.781}, {'end': 15.176, 'text': 'She has her information like email ID, address, and credit card details saved on the website to enable a faster and hassle-free shopping experience.', 'start': 6.332, 'duration': 8.844}, {'end': 18.376, 'text': 'The required information is stored in a server.', 'start': 16.175, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 25.899, 'text': 'One day, Anne received an email which stated her eligibility for a special discount voucher from shoppingcart.com.', 'start': 19.236, 'duration': 6.663}, {'end': 31.681, 'text': 'In order to receive the coupon code, she was asked to fill in her shoppingcart.com account credentials.', 'start': 26.559, 'duration': 5.122}], 'summary': "Anne's personal data compromised for discount voucher at shoppingcart.com", 'duration': 31.392, 'max_score': 0.289, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg289.jpg'}, {'end': 122.977, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 95.453, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 102.719, 'text': 'One of the most common types of cyber attacks is a malware attack like Trojan, Adware, and Spyware, to name a few.', 'start': 95.453, 'duration': 7.266}, {'end': 106.962, 'text': 'Had Anne downloaded any suspicious attachments online,', 'start': 103.419, 'duration': 3.543}, {'end': 112.126, 'text': 'her system could have gotten corrupted by certain malicious viruses embedded within the attachments.', 'start': 106.962, 'duration': 5.164}, {'end': 117.19, 'text': 'Next is a phishing attack, the type of cyber attack which Anne experienced.', 'start': 112.966, 'duration': 4.224}, {'end': 122.977, 'text': 'Here, the hacker usually sends fraudulent emails, which appear to be coming from a legitimate source.', 'start': 117.87, 'duration': 5.107}], 'summary': 'Malware attacks like trojan, adware, and spyware are common, with phishing being a prevalent type of cyber attack.', 'duration': 27.524, 'max_score': 95.453, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg95453.jpg'}, {'end': 249.487, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 199.956, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 206.459, 'text': 'These systems are made to look vulnerable in order to deceive attackers, and this, in turn, defends the real system.', 'start': 199.956, 'duration': 6.503}, {'end': 216.408, 'text': 'In addition to these, she also decided to use unique alphanumeric passwords, antivirus software, and started avoiding mails from unknown senders.', 'start': 207.179, 'duration': 9.229}, {'end': 218.59, 'text': "That was Anne's story.", 'start': 217.229, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 224.455, 'text': 'Cyber attacks are not just confined to individuals, but also to public and private organizations.', 'start': 219.311, 'duration': 5.144}, {'end': 230.761, 'text': 'The cyber attacks carried out in such places are more deadly, and they result in colossal losses.', 'start': 225.196, 'duration': 5.565}, {'end': 237.177, 'text': 'Motives of such attacks are many, starting from tampering with crucial data to monetary gains.', 'start': 231.713, 'duration': 5.464}, {'end': 241.421, 'text': "Let's have a look at a few of the cyber attacks that companies are subjected to.", 'start': 237.898, 'duration': 3.523}, {'end': 249.487, 'text': 'Various public sector organizations and large corporations face the Advanced Persistent Threat.', 'start': 242.322, 'duration': 7.165}], 'summary': 'Deceptive systems defend against cyber attacks; anne uses unique passwords and antivirus to avoid deadly attacks on public and private organizations.', 'duration': 49.531, 'max_score': 199.956, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg199956.jpg'}, {'end': 313.841, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 287.551, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 295.458, 'text': 'Amidst a plethora of cyber attacks, it is indeed a challenge for organizations with several networks and servers to ensure complete security.', 'start': 287.551, 'duration': 7.907}, {'end': 299.062, 'text': 'This is not an easy task and, to help with this,', 'start': 296.098, 'duration': 2.964}, {'end': 304.729, 'text': "cybersecurity professionals are hired to work on identifying cyber threats and securing a company's network.", 'start': 299.062, 'duration': 5.667}, {'end': 308.354, 'text': 'There are multiple job roles in the field of cybersecurity.', 'start': 305.43, 'duration': 2.924}, {'end': 313.841, 'text': 'If hacking fascinates you, then the role of an ethical hacker is something to be explored.', 'start': 308.975, 'duration': 4.866}], 'summary': 'Cybersecurity poses challenges for organizations; professionals are hired to identify threats and secure networks.', 'duration': 26.29, 'max_score': 287.551, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg287551.jpg'}], 'start': 0.289, 'title': 'Online shopping security and cybersecurity', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the significance of online shopping security in preventing financial loss due to scams, and also covers the concept of cybersecurity, various cyber attacks, preventive measures, and the roles of cybersecurity professionals in organizations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 46.393, 'start': 0.289, 'title': 'Online shopping security', 'summary': "Highlights the importance of online shopping security, as anne's stored information on a shopping website led to a substantial loss after falling victim to a phishing scam.", 'duration': 46.104, 'highlights': ["Anne's stored information on www.shoppingcart.com led to a substantial loss after falling victim to a phishing scam, highlighting the importance of online shopping security.", "Anne's email, address, and credit card details stored on shoppingcart.com were used in a phishing scam, resulting in a substantial loss, emphasizing the need for secure online storage of personal information.", "Anne's substantial loss due to a phishing scam after receiving a fake discount voucher from shoppingcart.com demonstrates the vulnerability of stored personal information, emphasizing the need for enhanced online shopping security measures.", "Anne's experience with a phishing scam after receiving a fake discount voucher from shoppingcart.com illustrates the potential risks of storing personal information online, emphasizing the importance of vigilance and skepticism towards unsolicited requests for account credentials."]}, {'end': 346.402, 'start': 47.414, 'title': 'Understanding cybersecurity and cyber attacks', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of cybersecurity and the various cyber attacks, including malware, phishing, man-in-the-middle, and password attacks, along with preventive measures such as firewalls, honeypots, and unique passwords and the different types of cyber attacks faced by companies, as well as the roles of cybersecurity professionals in organizations.', 'duration': 298.988, 'highlights': ['Types of Cyber Attacks Faced by Individuals The chapter discusses various cyber attacks faced by individuals, including malware, phishing, man-in-the-middle, and password attacks, and highlights the importance of preventive measures such as firewalls, honeypots, and unique passwords.', "Types of Cyber Attacks Faced by Companies The transcript also outlines the different types of cyber attacks faced by companies, such as Advanced Persistent Threat, denial of service (DoS) attack, distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack, and SQL injection attack, which pose significant threats to organizations' networks and data security.", 'Roles of Cybersecurity Professionals Furthermore, it emphasizes the diverse job roles in the field of cybersecurity, including ethical hackers who identify network vulnerabilities, security architects responsible for designing robust security structures, and chief information security officers entrusted with ensuring overall information safety in organizations.']}], 'duration': 346.113, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg289.jpg', 'highlights': ['The vulnerability of stored personal information emphasizes the need for enhanced online shopping security measures.', 'The potential risks of storing personal information online emphasize the importance of vigilance and skepticism towards unsolicited requests for account credentials.', 'The chapter discusses various cyber attacks faced by individuals, including malware, phishing, man-in-the-middle, and password attacks, and highlights the importance of preventive measures such as firewalls, honeypots, and unique passwords.', "The transcript outlines the different types of cyber attacks faced by companies, such as Advanced Persistent Threat, denial of service (DoS) attack, distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack, and SQL injection attack, which pose significant threats to organizations' networks and data security.", 'It emphasizes the diverse job roles in the field of cybersecurity, including ethical hackers who identify network vulnerabilities, security architects responsible for designing robust security structures, and chief information security officers entrusted with ensuring overall information safety in organizations.']}, {'end': 1197.054, 'segs': [{'end': 671.358, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 644.508, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 647.871, 'text': "This malware's motive was unlike any other usual cyberattacks.", 'start': 644.508, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 651.574, 'text': 'It aimed at destructing the equipment the computers controlled.', 'start': 648.431, 'duration': 3.143}, {'end': 656.819, 'text': "Stuxnet came with the deadly purpose of damaging Iran's nuclear infrastructure.", 'start': 652.435, 'duration': 4.384}, {'end': 664.786, 'text': 'It infected more than 200,000 computers, including 14 industrial sites and a uranium enrichment plant in Iran.', 'start': 657.539, 'duration': 7.247}, {'end': 671.358, 'text': 'Stuxnet initially spread via Microsoft Windows and targeted Siemens Industrial Control Systems.', 'start': 665.791, 'duration': 5.567}], 'summary': "Stuxnet malware targeted iran's nuclear infrastructure, infecting 200,000 computers and 14 industrial sites.", 'duration': 26.85, 'max_score': 644.508, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg644508.jpg'}, {'end': 744.821, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 712.113, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 716.317, 'text': 'This security breach happened from April to September 2014.', 'start': 712.113, 'duration': 4.204}, {'end': 722.983, 'text': "Criminals were believed to have used a third-party vendor's username and password to enter the perimeter of Home Depot's network.", 'start': 716.317, 'duration': 6.666}, {'end': 729.669, 'text': 'The attackers were then able to deploy custom-built malware on its self-checkout systems in the US and Canada.', 'start': 723.824, 'duration': 5.845}, {'end': 737.716, 'text': "Moving on to our Top 3 As you might be aware, the PlayStation gaming system is one of Sony's most popular products.", 'start': 730.47, 'duration': 7.246}, {'end': 744.821, 'text': 'Unfortunately, in April 2011, Sony executives witnessed abnormal activity on the PlayStation Network.', 'start': 738.276, 'duration': 6.545}], 'summary': 'Home depot breach: april-sept 2014, attackers used vendor credentials, deployed malware. playstation breach: april 2011, abnormal activity on network.', 'duration': 32.708, 'max_score': 712.113, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg712113.jpg'}, {'end': 801.451, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 769.455, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 771.396, 'text': 'The outage lasted for 23 days.', 'start': 769.455, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 775.658, 'text': 'Sony released almost daily announcements concerning the system outage.', 'start': 771.976, 'duration': 3.682}, {'end': 783.362, 'text': "In the end, Sony is believed to have invested approximately $170 million to improve the network's security,", 'start': 776.278, 'duration': 7.084}, {'end': 788.545, 'text': 'to investigate the attack and to cover the expenses of caring for the consumers that had been affected.', 'start': 783.362, 'duration': 5.183}, {'end': 792.026, 'text': "Let's now move on to the next attack at number 2.", 'start': 789.185, 'duration': 2.841}, {'end': 796.089, 'text': 'In May 2017, one of the most dangerous cyberattacks took place.', 'start': 792.026, 'duration': 4.063}, {'end': 801.451, 'text': 'It was known as the WannaCry ransomware attack, caused by the WannaCry crypto worm.', 'start': 796.929, 'duration': 4.522}], 'summary': "Sony's 23-day outage cost $170 million; wannacry cyberattack in 2017 was significant.", 'duration': 31.996, 'max_score': 769.455, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg769455.jpg'}, {'end': 844.082, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 816.637, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 820.379, 'text': 'The attack originated in Asia and then eventually spread across the globe.', 'start': 816.637, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 824.961, 'text': 'In a day, more than 200,000 computers were infected across 150 countries.', 'start': 820.919, 'duration': 4.042}, {'end': 832.514, 'text': 'The WannaCry cryptoworm locked the users out of the targeted systems and encrypted their data.', 'start': 827.11, 'duration': 5.404}, {'end': 839.919, 'text': 'The users were asked for a ransom of $300 to $600 which had to be paid via Bitcoin in exchange for their data.', 'start': 832.874, 'duration': 7.045}, {'end': 844.082, 'text': 'This attack took a toll on both private and government organizations.', 'start': 840.48, 'duration': 3.602}], 'summary': 'Wannacry attack spread to 150 countries, infected 200,000+ computers, demanded $300-$600 ransom in bitcoin, affecting private and government organizations.', 'duration': 27.445, 'max_score': 816.637, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg816637.jpg'}, {'end': 886.525, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 860.032, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 864.417, 'text': 'Security experts in a few countries believed that North Korea was behind this attack.', 'start': 860.032, 'duration': 4.385}, {'end': 868.442, 'text': "And finally, let's see what we have at number 1.", 'start': 864.958, 'duration': 3.484}, {'end': 874.863, 'text': 'More than two decades ago, in March 1999, the Melissa virus, a mass-mailing macrovirus, was released.', 'start': 868.442, 'duration': 6.421}, {'end': 880.644, 'text': 'It targeted Microsoft Word and Outlook-based systems and created considerable network traffic.', 'start': 875.623, 'duration': 5.021}, {'end': 883.985, 'text': 'Melissa virus infected computers via emails.', 'start': 881.344, 'duration': 2.641}, {'end': 886.525, 'text': 'The email would look like an important message.', 'start': 884.545, 'duration': 1.98}], 'summary': 'North korea suspected in attack; melissa virus caused significant network traffic in 1999.', 'duration': 26.493, 'max_score': 860.032, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg860032.jpg'}], 'start': 346.402, 'title': 'Cyber attacks and cybersecurity breaches', 'summary': 'Discusses the top 10 cyber attacks, such as those on estonia, ukraine, nasa, and sony pictures, along with the impact and perpetrators. it also highlights the top 3 cybersecurity attacks, including the playstation network compromise, wannacry ransomware attack, and the havoc caused by the melissa virus, with quantifiable data on affected users, infected computers, and damages.', 'chapters': [{'end': 729.669, 'start': 346.402, 'title': 'Top 10 cyber attacks', 'summary': 'Discusses the top 10 cyber attacks of all time, including the cyber attacks on estonia, ukraine, nasa, sony pictures, tjx, stuxnet, and home depot, showcasing the impact and perpetrators of each attack.', 'duration': 383.267, 'highlights': ['The cyber attack on Estonia involved unprecedented levels of internet traffic, leading to DDoS attacks, and is believed to have been orchestrated by Russia, crippling Estonian society. The cyber attacks on Estonia involved unprecedented levels of internet traffic, leading to DDoS attacks, and is believed to have been orchestrated by Russia, which largely crippled Estonian society.', 'The cyber attack on Ukraine resulted in a power outage affecting about 230,000 people, with Russia-based hackers being held responsible for the phishing email-based attack on the power companies. The cyber attack on Ukraine resulted in a power outage affecting about 230,000 people, with Russia-based hackers being held responsible for the phishing email-based attack on the power companies.', 'The cyber attack on NASA, executed by a 15-year-old hacker, caused a 21-day shutdown of NASA computers, resulting in a financial impact of $41,000 and the theft of government emails, usernames, and passwords. The cyber attack on NASA, executed by a 15-year-old hacker, caused a 21-day shutdown of NASA computers, resulting in a financial impact of $41,000 and the theft of government emails, usernames, and passwords.', 'The cyber attack on Sony Pictures resulted in the leak of confidential data by the hacker group Guardians of Peace, leading to the cancellation of a movie release and a suspected link to the government of North Korea. The cyber attack on Sony Pictures resulted in the leak of confidential data by the hacker group Guardians of Peace, leading to the cancellation of a movie release and a suspected link to the government of North Korea.', 'The cyber attack on TJX led to the theft of 45.6 million debit and credit card details, attributed to a group of hackers, resulting in the reissuing and blocking of thousands of payment cards and a financial impact on affected banks. The cyber attack on TJX led to the theft of 45.6 million debit and credit card details, attributed to a group of hackers, resulting in the reissuing and blocking of thousands of payment cards and a financial impact on affected banks.', "The Stuxnet cyber attack aimed at damaging Iran's nuclear infrastructure, infecting over 200,000 computers, including 14 industrial sites, and is believed to have been created by the US and Israeli intelligence, leading to severe damage to Iranian reactors. The Stuxnet cyber attack aimed at damaging Iran's nuclear infrastructure, infecting over 200,000 computers, including 14 industrial sites, and is believed to have been created by the US and Israeli intelligence, leading to severe damage to Iranian reactors.", "The cyber attack on Home Depot resulted in the compromise of 56 million payment cards and 53 million customer email addresses, attributed to criminals using a third-party vendor's username and password to deploy custom-built malware on self-checkout systems in the US and Canada. The cyber attack on Home Depot resulted in the compromise of 56 million payment cards and 53 million customer email addresses, attributed to criminals using a third-party vendor's username and password to deploy custom-built malware on self-checkout systems in the US and Canada."]}, {'end': 1197.054, 'start': 730.47, 'title': 'Top 3 cybersecurity attacks', 'summary': 'Highlights the top 3 cybersecurity attacks, including the playstation network compromise affecting 77 million users, the wannacry ransomware attack infecting over 200,000 computers across 150 countries, and the havoc caused by the melissa virus, leading to nearly 80 million worth of damages and disruption of almost 1 million email accounts worldwide.', 'duration': 466.584, 'highlights': ['The PlayStation Network compromise affected approximately 77 million accounts, leading to a 23-day outage and an investment of approximately $170 million by Sony to improve security and cover consumer expenses. The compromise resulted in a 23-day outage and required an investment of approximately $170 million.', 'The WannaCry ransomware attack infected over 200,000 computers across 150 countries, causing damages ranging from hundreds of millions to billions of dollars, and was believed to be initiated by North Korea. The attack caused damages ranging from hundreds of millions to billions of dollars and was attributed to North Korea.', 'The Melissa virus caused nearly 80 million worth of damages and disrupted almost 1 million email accounts worldwide, leading to the shutdown of agencies and slowing down of internet traffic in some locations. The virus caused nearly 80 million worth of damages and disrupted almost 1 million email accounts worldwide, leading to significant disruptions.']}], 'duration': 850.652, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg346402.jpg', 'highlights': ['The WannaCry ransomware attack infected over 200,000 computers across 150 countries, causing damages ranging from hundreds of millions to billions of dollars, and was believed to be initiated by North Korea.', 'The PlayStation Network compromise affected approximately 77 million accounts, leading to a 23-day outage and an investment of approximately $170 million by Sony to improve security and cover consumer expenses.', 'The Melissa virus caused nearly 80 million worth of damages and disrupted almost 1 million email accounts worldwide, leading to significant disruptions.', "The cyber attack on Home Depot resulted in the compromise of 56 million payment cards and 53 million customer email addresses, attributed to criminals using a third-party vendor's username and password to deploy custom-built malware on self-checkout systems in the US and Canada.", "The Stuxnet cyber attack aimed at damaging Iran's nuclear infrastructure, infecting over 200,000 computers, including 14 industrial sites, and is believed to have been created by the US and Israeli intelligence, leading to severe damage to Iranian reactors."]}, {'end': 2486.11, 'segs': [{'end': 1299.348, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1273.56, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1284.362, 'text': 'What would be the motivational aspect for a person to conduct such an activity, right? So basically to cause damage like WannaCry happened in 2017.', 'start': 1273.56, 'duration': 10.802}, {'end': 1292.464, 'text': 'The perpetrators, those used WannaCry probably gained a lot in the ransom that they demanded for that data to be decrypted.', 'start': 1284.362, 'duration': 8.102}, {'end': 1296.885, 'text': 'But it also cost the world a lot of money in profits that were lost.', 'start': 1292.684, 'duration': 4.201}, {'end': 1299.348, 'text': "So let's talk about types of cybercrime.", 'start': 1297.325, 'duration': 2.023}], 'summary': 'Wannacry cyberattack in 2017 caused significant financial losses globally.', 'duration': 25.788, 'max_score': 1273.56, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg1273560.jpg'}, {'end': 1877.813, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1763.614, 'weight': 0.834, 'content': [{'end': 1775.323, 'text': 'most of the countries nowadays would have a secret cyber cell consisting of highly skilled hackers who are interested with the task of spying on the enemies and trying to gather information by hacking into their infrastructure.', 'start': 1763.614, 'duration': 11.709}, {'end': 1777.164, 'text': 'Now it is not going to be a legit job.', 'start': 1775.603, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 1781.846, 'text': 'It will always be masked by a legit organization, but this does happen.', 'start': 1777.444, 'duration': 4.402}, {'end': 1787.149, 'text': 'Hacktivism Individuals who promote a political agenda by hacking, especially defacing or disabling websites.', 'start': 1782.046, 'duration': 5.103}, {'end': 1793.892, 'text': 'The difference between suicide hackers and hacktivism is suicide hackers have a social cause that they want to promote.', 'start': 1787.369, 'duration': 6.523}, {'end': 1800.996, 'text': "Hacktivists would have a political agenda and they're going to deface websites and they're going to promote their agenda by defacing such websites.", 'start': 1794.112, 'duration': 6.884}, {'end': 1804.599, 'text': "All right, so let's talk about some common attacks in cybersecurity.", 'start': 1801.556, 'duration': 3.043}, {'end': 1809.164, 'text': "The most common attack ever seen in today's world is a denial of service attack.", 'start': 1805.04, 'duration': 4.124}, {'end': 1821.156, 'text': 'So this is where the hacker tries to consume the resources of the victim server in such a way that there are no resources available for legitimate users to connect to the server and conduct their business.', 'start': 1809.424, 'duration': 11.732}, {'end': 1824.277, 'text': 'Other attacks that you face would be malware attacks,', 'start': 1821.576, 'duration': 2.701}, {'end': 1830.679, 'text': 'where there would be a malicious software that would deliver a Trojan virus or a worm to the victim,', 'start': 1824.277, 'duration': 6.402}, {'end': 1834.021, 'text': "thus infecting the victim's machine and rendering it useless.", 'start': 1830.679, 'duration': 3.342}, {'end': 1835.721, 'text': 'A man-in-the-middle attack,', 'start': 1834.481, 'duration': 1.24}, {'end': 1844.005, 'text': "where the hacker would put himself in between your machine and the router and start sniffing data packets that you're sending,", 'start': 1835.721, 'duration': 8.284}, {'end': 1847.747, 'text': 'thus trying to compromise information contained within those packets.', 'start': 1844.005, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 1856.555, 'text': "So the phishing attack is where a hacker will send a seemingly legitimate looking message to you an email, let's say,", 'start': 1848.228, 'duration': 8.327}, {'end': 1866.063, 'text': 'asking you to perform certain actions where the hacker would be impersonating another organization and you fall prey to that and end up giving your confidential information.', 'start': 1856.555, 'duration': 9.508}, {'end': 1869.146, 'text': 'Drive-by attack, cross-site scripting attacks,', 'start': 1866.723, 'duration': 2.423}, {'end': 1877.813, 'text': 'where web applications get compromised and scripts are embedded within those applications or within commands that are sent out by the users.', 'start': 1869.146, 'duration': 8.667}], 'summary': 'Countries have secret cyber cells with skilled hackers for spying and cyber attacks. common attacks include denial of service, malware, man-in-the-middle, phishing, and web application compromises.', 'duration': 114.199, 'max_score': 1763.614, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg1763614.jpg'}, {'end': 1830.679, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1801.556, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1804.599, 'text': "All right, so let's talk about some common attacks in cybersecurity.", 'start': 1801.556, 'duration': 3.043}, {'end': 1809.164, 'text': "The most common attack ever seen in today's world is a denial of service attack.", 'start': 1805.04, 'duration': 4.124}, {'end': 1821.156, 'text': 'So this is where the hacker tries to consume the resources of the victim server in such a way that there are no resources available for legitimate users to connect to the server and conduct their business.', 'start': 1809.424, 'duration': 11.732}, {'end': 1824.277, 'text': 'Other attacks that you face would be malware attacks,', 'start': 1821.576, 'duration': 2.701}, {'end': 1830.679, 'text': 'where there would be a malicious software that would deliver a Trojan virus or a worm to the victim,', 'start': 1824.277, 'duration': 6.402}], 'summary': 'Common cyber attacks include denial of service and malware attacks targeting victim servers.', 'duration': 29.123, 'max_score': 1801.556, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg1801556.jpg'}, {'end': 1988.842, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1955.214, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1960.218, 'text': 'So as you can see, this graph shows us how cybercrime has progressed over the years.', 'start': 1955.214, 'duration': 5.004}, {'end': 1963.94, 'text': 'In 1990s, MNC database, Pentagon and IBM were hacked.', 'start': 1960.318, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 1969.765, 'text': 'Again in 1990s, national crackdown on criminals, Microsoft NT operating system pierced.', 'start': 1964.741, 'duration': 5.024}, {'end': 1974.168, 'text': 'So this is where hacking started becoming more mainstream.', 'start': 1969.905, 'duration': 4.263}, {'end': 1979.293, 'text': 'Right Before this, hacking was very much limited to organizations who use computers.', 'start': 1974.508, 'duration': 4.785}, {'end': 1988.842, 'text': 'But in the late 80s Internet happened and then we had e-commerce coming in, which basically led to our online retail stores,', 'start': 1979.553, 'duration': 9.289}], 'summary': 'Cybercrime has evolved since the 1980s, with notable hacks in the 1990s on mnc database, pentagon, and ibm, as well as the microsoft nt operating system.', 'duration': 33.628, 'max_score': 1955.214, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg1955214.jpg'}, {'end': 2248.728, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2221.651, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2226.534, 'text': "when you're typing the username and password, they send an OTP or a one-time password,", 'start': 2221.651, 'duration': 4.883}, {'end': 2233.078, 'text': 'which is auto-generated by a server and sent to a registered device that the person owns, for example a cell phone.', 'start': 2226.534, 'duration': 6.544}, {'end': 2239.642, 'text': "So that's one added layer of security where you're not only relying on the password, which can be cracked,", 'start': 2233.438, 'duration': 6.204}, {'end': 2245.426, 'text': "but you're relying on a third-party device as well, which the person needs to have physical access to,", 'start': 2239.642, 'duration': 5.784}, {'end': 2248.728, 'text': "where they're going to receive the OTP and then they're going to input it.", 'start': 2245.426, 'duration': 3.302}], 'summary': 'Otp provides an added security layer by requiring physical access to a registered device for input, enhancing password security.', 'duration': 27.077, 'max_score': 2221.651, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg2221651.jpg'}, {'end': 2339.821, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2277.877, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2286.32, 'text': 'So, as new vulnerabilities in applications or operating systems are found out, the software vendors or the developers of those softwares,', 'start': 2277.877, 'duration': 8.443}, {'end': 2291.401, 'text': 'over a period of time, start sending out these updates, also called patches, to the end users.', 'start': 2286.32, 'duration': 5.081}, {'end': 2298.967, 'text': 'It is very important for the end users to identify these security patches and install them on their devices as soon as possible.', 'start': 2291.821, 'duration': 7.146}, {'end': 2305.332, 'text': 'else they remain open for those vulnerabilities and unpatched systems thus can easily be hacked.', 'start': 2298.967, 'duration': 6.365}, {'end': 2306.833, 'text': 'Usage of an antivirus.', 'start': 2305.692, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 2311.356, 'text': 'To protect yourself from viruses, worms, Trojans, essentially malwares,', 'start': 2307.133, 'duration': 4.223}, {'end': 2315.78, 'text': "there needs to be a software that's installed on your computer that is going to watch out for them.", 'start': 2311.356, 'duration': 4.424}, {'end': 2319.624, 'text': 'You cannot rely on the operating system itself to protect you.', 'start': 2316.34, 'duration': 3.284}, {'end': 2324.529, 'text': 'So there has to be an antivirus which will be scanning the connections that you are making, the websites,', 'start': 2320.024, 'duration': 4.505}, {'end': 2330.935, 'text': 'that you will be visiting the files that are getting executed in the background and ensure that everything that is happening is legit.', 'start': 2324.529, 'duration': 6.406}, {'end': 2333.478, 'text': 'Installing a firewall on a system or a server.', 'start': 2331.256, 'duration': 2.222}, {'end': 2339.821, 'text': 'A firewall essentially is a software or a hardware that allows or disallows some functionality.', 'start': 2333.818, 'duration': 6.003}], 'summary': 'Regularly install security patches, use antivirus, and implement firewall for protection against vulnerabilities and malware.', 'duration': 61.944, 'max_score': 2277.877, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg2277877.jpg'}, {'end': 2404.321, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2379.441, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 2385.465, 'text': 'looking like a genuine email, asking you to connect to that particular server and fooling you into you,', 'start': 2379.441, 'duration': 6.024}, {'end': 2388.187, 'text': 'giving that confidential information to the hacker.', 'start': 2385.465, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 2391.61, 'text': 'so you should either the antivirus or, in addition to that,', 'start': 2388.627, 'duration': 2.983}, {'end': 2398.976, 'text': "would have a anti-phishing toolbar which would identify the websites that you're visiting and give you the risk rating of that website.", 'start': 2391.61, 'duration': 7.366}, {'end': 2404.321, 'text': 'uh, giving you an idea whether this website was ever reported as a phishing website or not.', 'start': 2398.976, 'duration': 5.345}], 'summary': 'Use antivirus and anti-phishing toolbar to protect against email scams and phishing websites.', 'duration': 24.88, 'max_score': 2379.441, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg2379441.jpg'}, {'end': 2479.086, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2444.325, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 2445.926, 'text': 'and then securing DNS servers.', 'start': 2444.325, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 2454.072, 'text': 'DNS is a domain name server, which is basically an index that maps your domain names to your IP addresses.', 'start': 2445.926, 'duration': 8.146}, {'end': 2459.495, 'text': 'So the domain name system is an index that maps your domain names to your IP addresses.', 'start': 2454.472, 'duration': 5.023}, {'end': 2465.839, 'text': 'Now on the internet computers do not know domain names, they can only identify IP addresses and MAC addresses.', 'start': 2459.735, 'duration': 6.104}, {'end': 2471.702, 'text': "So when we type in let's say google.com on our browser, the computer doesn't know what google.com is.", 'start': 2465.999, 'duration': 5.703}, {'end': 2479.086, 'text': 'What it does is it sends the packet to the DNS server and in the DNS server it queries where google.com is located.', 'start': 2471.922, 'duration': 7.164}], 'summary': 'Dns servers map domain names to ip addresses for internet communication.', 'duration': 34.761, 'max_score': 2444.325, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg2444325.jpg'}], 'start': 1197.054, 'title': 'Cybersecurity threats and best practices', 'summary': 'Discusses cybercrime motivations, types, and business impact, preventive measures, common cyber attacks, and computer security best practices, emphasizing the impact of cybersecurity incidents on businesses and providing insights into different types of cybercrimes and their potential impact on organizations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1416.915, 'start': 1197.054, 'title': 'Cybersecurity threats and business impact', 'summary': 'Discusses cybercrime, including motivations and types, and a business scenario where a malicious link causes system damage, highlighting the impact of cybersecurity incidents on businesses and the methods used by cybercriminals.', 'duration': 219.861, 'highlights': ['Cybercrime involves unauthorized activities using computing devices, leading to security incidents and financial losses such as phishing attacks targeting bank accounts and identity theft.', 'Motivations for cybercrime include financial gain through activities like ransomware attacks, causing significant financial losses and damages globally, exemplified by the WannaCry incident in 2017.', 'Types of cybercrime include computer-assisted crimes like online bank hijacking, crimes where the computer itself is the target such as denial of service attacks, and incidental crimes where the computer is used temporarily to store illegal data like child pornography.', 'An employee clicking on a suspicious link in a business scenario leads to system crashes, demonstrating the real-world impact of cyber threats and the methods used by cybercriminals to infiltrate systems and cause damage.']}, {'end': 1800.996, 'start': 1417.435, 'title': 'Preventing cyber attacks and understanding motives', 'summary': 'Covers the preventive measures taken by a security team after users reported system crashes, the motives for cybercrimes, and different types of hackers, including their intentions and motivations. it also discusses the different types of cybercrimes and their potential impact on organizations.', 'duration': 383.561, 'highlights': ['Preventive Measures Against Cyber Attacks The security team blocked Facebook and Skype on all machines to prevent possible attacks, demonstrating a preventive mechanism to safeguard the systems from potential cyber threats.', 'Motives for Cybercrimes The motives for committing cybercrimes include disrupting business continuity, data theft, financial loss, achieving military objectives, demanding ransom, damaging reputation, and promoting religious or political beliefs.', 'Types of Hackers The chapter discusses different types of hackers, including black hat hackers with malicious intent, grey hat hackers who work offensively and defensively, white hat hackers who use their skills for defensive purposes, suicide hackers aiming to bring down critical infrastructure for a cause, script kiddies with minimal technical knowledge, cyber terrorists motivated by religious or political beliefs, state-sponsored hackers employed by the government, and hacktivists promoting a political agenda through hacking.']}, {'end': 2178.544, 'start': 1801.556, 'title': 'Common cybersecurity attacks', 'summary': 'Discusses common cyber attacks, including denial of service, malware, man-in-the-middle, phishing, drive-by, cross-site scripting, password, eavesdropping, sql injection, and cryptography-based attacks, along with historical cybercrime incidents and notable hackers.', 'duration': 376.988, 'highlights': ["In 2016, Kaspersky reported around 758 million malicious attacks, identifying themselves. Kaspersky's report on 758 million malicious attacks in 2016 showcases the scale of cyber threats.", 'In 2001, cyber criminals targeted eBay, Yahoo, CNN, Amazon, and others. The coordinated cyber attacks on major organizations like eBay, Yahoo, CNN, and Amazon in 2001 demonstrate the widespread nature of cybercrime.', 'The chapter provides historical incidents of cybercrime, including attacks on Pentagon, IBM, eBay, and Adobe, highlighting the evolution of cyber threats over the years. The historical incidents of cybercrime involving major entities like Pentagon, IBM, eBay, and Adobe demonstrate the evolution and impact of cyber threats over time.', 'Notable hackers such as Robert Morris, Kevin Poulsen, David Smith, and Adam Bot Bill are mentioned, providing insights into significant individuals involved in cybercrime. The mention of notable hackers like Robert Morris, Kevin Poulsen, David Smith, and Adam Bot Bill offers insights into significant individuals involved in cybercrime.', 'The chapter explains various common cyber attacks, including denial of service, malware, man-in-the-middle, phishing, drive-by, cross-site scripting, password, eavesdropping, SQL injection, and cryptography-based attacks, shedding light on the diverse threats in cybersecurity. The detailed explanation of common cyber attacks like denial of service, malware, phishing, and others provides a comprehensive understanding of the diverse threats in cybersecurity.']}, {'end': 2486.11, 'start': 2178.544, 'title': 'Computer security best practices', 'summary': 'Discusses various computer security best practices, including two-way authentication, password complexity standards, regular software updates, antivirus usage, firewall installation, phishing prevention, cryptography encryption, and securing dns servers.', 'duration': 307.566, 'highlights': ['Two-way authentication, such as using OTP, adds an extra layer of security beyond just a password, making it harder for unauthorized access. Two-way authentication, like OTP, provides an additional security layer beyond passwords, enhancing security and reducing the risk of unauthorized access.', 'Regular software updates are crucial to patch vulnerabilities and enhance security, reducing the risk of unpatched systems being hacked. Frequent software updates are essential for patching vulnerabilities and strengthening security, mitigating the potential for unpatched systems to be compromised.', 'Installing antivirus software is necessary to protect against viruses, worms, Trojans, and malwares, ensuring that all activities on the computer are legitimate. Antivirus software is vital for safeguarding against various malicious threats and verifying the legitimacy of computer activities, enhancing overall security.', "Firewall installation helps in limiting the threat landscape by allowing or disallowing specific functionalities, thereby reducing the risk of potential hacking. By controlling which ports and services are running, firewall installation decreases the potential threat landscape, bolstering the computer's security.", 'Utilizing anti-phishing measures, like an anti-phishing toolbar, helps in identifying potential phishing websites and mitigating the risk of falling victim to phishing attacks. Employing anti-phishing tools, such as an anti-phishing toolbar, aids in recognizing potential phishing sites and minimizing the likelihood of succumbing to phishing attempts.', 'Cryptography encryption is essential for securing sensitive data and enhancing business value, requiring a deep understanding of protocols, data value, and encryption implementation. Implementing cryptography encryption is critical for safeguarding sensitive data and improving business value, necessitating a thorough comprehension of protocols, data importance, and encryption methods.', 'Securing DNS servers is crucial for mapping domain names to IP addresses, ensuring the proper routing of network traffic and preventing potential DNS-related attacks. Securing DNS servers is vital for accurately mapping domain names to IP addresses, facilitating proper network traffic routing, and mitigating potential DNS-related security threats.']}], 'duration': 1289.056, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg1197054.jpg', 'highlights': ['Motivations for cybercrime include financial gain through activities like ransomware attacks, causing significant financial losses and damages globally, exemplified by the WannaCry incident in 2017.', 'The chapter explains various common cyber attacks, including denial of service, malware, man-in-the-middle, phishing, drive-by, cross-site scripting, password, eavesdropping, SQL injection, and cryptography-based attacks, shedding light on the diverse threats in cybersecurity.', 'The historical incidents of cybercrime involving major entities like Pentagon, IBM, eBay, and Adobe demonstrate the evolution and impact of cyber threats over time.', 'Two-way authentication, like OTP, provides an additional security layer beyond passwords, enhancing security and reducing the risk of unauthorized access.', 'Regular software updates are crucial to patch vulnerabilities and enhance security, reducing the risk of unpatched systems being hacked.', 'Installing antivirus software is necessary to protect against viruses, worms, Trojans, and malwares, ensuring that all activities on the computer are legitimate.', 'Firewall installation helps in limiting the threat landscape by allowing or disallowing specific functionalities, thereby reducing the risk of potential hacking.', 'Utilizing anti-phishing measures, like an anti-phishing toolbar, helps in identifying potential phishing websites and mitigating the risk of falling victim to phishing attacks.', 'Securing DNS servers is crucial for mapping domain names to IP addresses, ensuring the proper routing of network traffic and preventing potential DNS-related attacks.']}, {'end': 3441.435, 'segs': [{'end': 2650.119, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2616.191, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2618.333, 'text': "So let's see these domains in details.", 'start': 2616.191, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 2619.475, 'text': 'Asset security.', 'start': 2618.634, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 2620.896, 'text': 'Now when we say assets.', 'start': 2619.735, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 2629.041, 'text': 'assets could be applications, could be networking, devices could be computers, could be routers, could be wireless access points,', 'start': 2620.896, 'duration': 8.145}, {'end': 2632.484, 'text': 'and all these devices have their own operating systems.', 'start': 2629.041, 'duration': 3.443}, {'end': 2639.689, 'text': 'they have their own functionality, and it is important that we look at the security of each and every asset that the organization owns.', 'start': 2632.484, 'duration': 7.205}, {'end': 2641.877, 'text': 'Security architecture and engineering.', 'start': 2640.157, 'duration': 1.72}, {'end': 2650.119, 'text': "Now, not everyone can just walk in an organization and then say, let's start implementing security in a particular manner.", 'start': 2642.137, 'duration': 7.982}], 'summary': 'The importance of securing various assets, including applications, networking devices, and computers, is emphasized in the discussion on asset security and security architecture and engineering.', 'duration': 33.928, 'max_score': 2616.191, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg2616191.jpg'}, {'end': 2723.285, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2695.306, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 2699.389, 'text': 'now, with cloud computing coming in and hybrid clouds happening,', 'start': 2695.306, 'duration': 4.083}, {'end': 2707.615, 'text': "where you got a deployment of a physical infrastructure talking to something that is on the cloud let's say aws or microsoft azure right,", 'start': 2699.389, 'duration': 8.226}, {'end': 2714.899, 'text': 'and data flows are happening globally these days you have to be very careful how these data are going to be transmitted across the network.', 'start': 2707.615, 'duration': 7.284}, {'end': 2723.285, 'text': 'thus, you have to create those paths and ensure that those parts are monitored properly, are regulated properly and do not have any data leakage.', 'start': 2714.899, 'duration': 8.386}], 'summary': 'With cloud computing and hybrid clouds, data flows globally, requiring careful monitoring to prevent data leakage.', 'duration': 27.979, 'max_score': 2695.306, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg2695306.jpg'}, {'end': 2821.213, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2777.114, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 2782.555, 'text': 'there should be some internal mechanisms that are in place which will try to identify these attacks,', 'start': 2777.114, 'duration': 5.441}, {'end': 2788.437, 'text': 'warn the appropriate administrator and that administrator will walk in and try to investigate that attack.', 'start': 2782.555, 'duration': 5.882}, {'end': 2790.698, 'text': 'So day to day operations are a must.', 'start': 2788.597, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 2792.599, 'text': 'security assessment and testing.', 'start': 2791.198, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 2799.522, 'text': 'Now that we all have these mechanisms in place, are they going to remain constant for the rest of our lives? No.', 'start': 2792.779, 'duration': 6.743}, {'end': 2802.083, 'text': 'IT is an ever evolving scenario.', 'start': 2799.922, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 2809.366, 'text': 'So we need to assess and test our security controls on a regular basis to ensure that there are no gaps left.', 'start': 2802.343, 'duration': 7.023}, {'end': 2812.428, 'text': 'What I configure today may be irrelevant tomorrow.', 'start': 2809.606, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 2819.231, 'text': 'So I have to constantly keep on looking at the latest security trends, the latest vulnerabilities that are being identified,', 'start': 2812.648, 'duration': 6.583}, {'end': 2821.213, 'text': 'the patches that are being installed,', 'start': 2819.471, 'duration': 1.742}], 'summary': 'Regular security assessment and testing are essential for evolving it scenario.', 'duration': 44.099, 'max_score': 2777.114, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg2777114.jpg'}, {'end': 2932.186, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2898.617, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 2899.518, 'text': 'all of these attacks.', 'start': 2898.617, 'duration': 0.901}, {'end': 2905.602, 'text': 'So, starting off from a technical perspective, where we are going to look at ethical hacking or security,', 'start': 2899.838, 'duration': 5.764}, {'end': 2910.186, 'text': 'where we are going to assess and do a vulnerability assessment and penetration test.', 'start': 2905.602, 'duration': 4.584}, {'end': 2916.712, 'text': 'There are certifications from Comchia, like Security Plus, or from EC Council, which is the Certified Ethical Hacking Training,', 'start': 2910.246, 'duration': 6.466}, {'end': 2920.936, 'text': 'which basically allows us to become vulnerability assessment and penetration testing experts.', 'start': 2916.712, 'duration': 4.224}, {'end': 2932.186, 'text': "So we'll be technically be testing each and every device and trying to hack those devices to see if that vulnerability is real and what can be attained out of that vulnerability.", 'start': 2921.316, 'duration': 10.87}], 'summary': 'Ethical hacking involves vulnerability assessment and penetration testing, with certifications like security plus and certified ethical hacking training.', 'duration': 33.569, 'max_score': 2898.617, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg2898617.jpg'}, {'end': 2954.239, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2932.526, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2940.931, 'text': 'CISSP is very high level is a very high level certification that normally is considered as a management level certification right.', 'start': 2932.526, 'duration': 8.405}, {'end': 2947.115, 'text': 'so just to get certified yourself, you need at least five years of experience in the IT security field.', 'start': 2940.931, 'duration': 6.184}, {'end': 2954.239, 'text': "this is where you get certified and you're basically a chief information security officer, where you're going to develop policies,", 'start': 2947.115, 'duration': 7.124}], 'summary': 'Cissp certification requires at least 5 years of it security experience to become a chief information security officer.', 'duration': 21.713, 'max_score': 2932.526, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg2932526.jpg'}, {'end': 3337.047, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 3215.086, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3219.067, 'text': 'Hence, a career in cybersecurity is demanding and equally rewarding.', 'start': 3215.086, 'duration': 3.981}, {'end': 3223.908, 'text': "Finding the right career path in the cybersecurity industry isn't always easy.", 'start': 3219.707, 'duration': 4.201}, {'end': 3226.169, 'text': 'Here, we are here to help you with that.', 'start': 3224.408, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 3234.659, 'text': "There are a few prerequisites for a career in cybersecurity, the basic one being a bachelor's degree in a subject relating to cybersecurity.", 'start': 3226.909, 'duration': 7.75}, {'end': 3243.009, 'text': "However, if you don't have a relevant degree, you can always take up relevant cybersecurity certifications and kickstart your cybersecurity journey.", 'start': 3235.34, 'duration': 7.669}, {'end': 3251.576, 'text': 'A few other skills like networking, knowledge of operating systems, and cloud security are required to start and grow your cybersecurity career.', 'start': 3243.911, 'duration': 7.665}, {'end': 3256.139, 'text': 'You can check out our video on the top five cybersecurity skills to know more.', 'start': 3252.196, 'duration': 3.943}, {'end': 3262.003, 'text': 'Cybersecurity jobs vary from entry level to executive management and everything in between.', 'start': 3257.1, 'duration': 4.903}, {'end': 3265.265, 'text': 'There are several cybersecurity paths available today.', 'start': 3262.483, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 3272.17, 'text': 'It is best if you start with entry level and then move on to the next level with the help of certifications and relevant experience.', 'start': 3265.745, 'duration': 6.425}, {'end': 3276.452, 'text': 'Here, let us have a look at the top five cybersecurity job roles today.', 'start': 3272.85, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 3279.774, 'text': 'The first job role is that of a network engineer.', 'start': 3277.152, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 3284.316, 'text': "Network engineers construct and administer a company's computer networks.", 'start': 3280.554, 'duration': 3.762}, {'end': 3289.279, 'text': 'They are responsible for installing, configuring, and supporting network equipment.', 'start': 3284.957, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 3293.221, 'text': 'They also configure and maintain firewalls, switches, and routers.', 'start': 3289.819, 'duration': 3.402}, {'end': 3299.285, 'text': 'This entry-level cybersecurity job can help you start your journey to become an ethical hacker.', 'start': 3293.902, 'duration': 5.383}, {'end': 3303.027, 'text': 'The annual average salary of a network engineer in the US is $85,098.', 'start': 3299.985, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 3303.987, 'text': 'And in India, it is around 510,000 rupees.', 'start': 3303.027, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 3313.012, 'text': 'Second on our list is information security analyst.', 'start': 3310.371, 'duration': 2.641}, {'end': 3318.375, 'text': 'As an information security analyst, your primary duty is to protect sensitive information.', 'start': 3313.593, 'duration': 4.782}, {'end': 3323.638, 'text': 'Information security analysts create and implement plans for preventing cyber attacks.', 'start': 3319.075, 'duration': 4.563}, {'end': 3327.56, 'text': 'They monitor data access and ensure compliance with policies.', 'start': 3324.138, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 3332.824, 'text': 'Depending on the cyber threat, they decide if it has to be resolved or escalated further.', 'start': 3328.3, 'duration': 4.524}, {'end': 3336.087, 'text': 'In the US, an information security analyst earns $89,140 annually.', 'start': 3333.384, 'duration': 2.703}, {'end': 3337.047, 'text': 'And in India, they earn 6,42,756 rupees.', 'start': 3336.107, 'duration': 0.94}], 'summary': 'Cybersecurity offers diverse job roles and lucrative salaries, such as $85,098 in the us for network engineers and $89,140 for information security analysts.', 'duration': 121.961, 'max_score': 3215.086, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg3215086.jpg'}, {'end': 3284.316, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3257.1, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3262.003, 'text': 'Cybersecurity jobs vary from entry level to executive management and everything in between.', 'start': 3257.1, 'duration': 4.903}, {'end': 3265.265, 'text': 'There are several cybersecurity paths available today.', 'start': 3262.483, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 3272.17, 'text': 'It is best if you start with entry level and then move on to the next level with the help of certifications and relevant experience.', 'start': 3265.745, 'duration': 6.425}, {'end': 3276.452, 'text': 'Here, let us have a look at the top five cybersecurity job roles today.', 'start': 3272.85, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 3279.774, 'text': 'The first job role is that of a network engineer.', 'start': 3277.152, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 3284.316, 'text': "Network engineers construct and administer a company's computer networks.", 'start': 3280.554, 'duration': 3.762}], 'summary': 'Cybersecurity offers diverse job roles from entry level to executive management, with network engineer being a top role.', 'duration': 27.216, 'max_score': 3257.1, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg3257100.jpg'}], 'start': 2486.37, 'title': 'Cybersecurity careers and skills', 'summary': 'Covers the role of cybersecurity experts, data security in cloud computing, and top cybersecurity career options. it emphasizes defense techniques, certifications like security plus and certified ethical hacking training, and top five cybersecurity job roles with their average annual salaries in the us and india.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2695.306, 'start': 2486.37, 'title': 'Cybersecurity expertise and defense techniques', 'summary': "Discusses the role of a cybersecurity expert in protecting an organization's infrastructure, including identifying potential flaws, implementing defense mechanisms, and monitoring and mitigating weaknesses in assets and network domains.", 'duration': 208.936, 'highlights': ["Cybersecurity expert's role in protecting organization's assets and infrastructure A cybersecurity expert is responsible for identifying potential flaws, threats, and implementing defense mechanisms to protect an organization's assets and infrastructure.", 'Techniques for vulnerability management and monitoring Techniques include vulnerability scanning to identify potential flaws, monitoring data flow through the network, and identifying any malicious activities on a day-to-day basis.', 'Testing weaknesses and implementing defense mechanisms After identifying weaknesses, the cybersecurity expert tests and validates them, then implements measures such as patching, installing updates, and using firewalls to mitigate weaknesses and strengthen areas prone to attacks.', 'Domains in cybersecurity: Asset security and Security architecture and engineering The domains include ensuring security of various assets such as applications, networking devices, and implementing standardized security architecture and engineering practices to maintain consistency and effectiveness.', 'Standardizing security through policies and procedures Creating standardized security implementation plans, policies, and procedures to ensure consistent and effective security measures across the organization.']}, {'end': 2932.186, 'start': 2695.306, 'title': 'Ensuring data security in cloud computing', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of securing data transmission, identity and access management, day-to-day security operations, assessment and testing, software development security, and risk management in the context of cloud computing, and recommends certifications like security plus and certified ethical hacking training for career enhancement.', 'duration': 236.88, 'highlights': ['Certifications like Security Plus and Certified Ethical Hacking Training are recommended for technical expertise in vulnerability assessment and penetration testing. These certifications are mentioned as valuable for technical expertise in vulnerability assessment and penetration testing, providing a pathway for career enhancement.', 'The chapter stresses the need for constant assessment and testing of security controls to ensure compliance with the latest security standards and vulnerabilities. Constant assessment and testing of security controls is emphasized to adapt to the ever-evolving IT landscape and ensure compliance with the latest security standards and vulnerabilities.', 'Importance of day-to-day security operations, including monitoring and response to attacks like denial of service and password attacks, is highlighted. The significance of day-to-day security operations, such as monitoring and responding to attacks, is underscored, emphasizing the need for proactive security measures.', 'Emphasis is placed on securing data transmission, identity and access management, software development security, and risk management in the context of cloud computing. The chapter highlights the critical areas of securing data transmission, identity and access management, software development security, and risk management in the context of cloud computing.']}, {'end': 3441.435, 'start': 2932.526, 'title': 'Top cybersecurity career options', 'summary': 'Outlines the key cybersecurity certifications such as cissp, cisa, cism, crisc, and ccsp, and their roles in it security, risk management, and cloud security. it also highlights the demand for skilled cybersecurity professionals, the need for relevant skills and certifications, and the top five cybersecurity job roles with their average annual salaries in the us and india.', 'duration': 508.909, 'highlights': ['The demand for skilled cybersecurity professionals is increasing due to the rise in cyber attacks, digital transformation, and data breaches, creating a rewarding career path in cybersecurity. The increasing virtualization of the world, coupled with the surge in cyber attacks and data breaches, has led to an escalating demand for skilled cybersecurity professionals, making a career in cybersecurity both demanding and rewarding.', "The chapter highlights the prerequisites for a career in cybersecurity, including the need for a bachelor's degree in a relevant subject, or the option to pursue relevant cybersecurity certifications if a relevant degree is not available. The chapter emphasizes the prerequisites for a cybersecurity career, such as the need for a bachelor's degree in a relevant field or the option to kickstart the cybersecurity journey through relevant certifications in the absence of a relevant degree.", 'It outlines the top five cybersecurity job roles, including network engineer, information security analyst, Ethical Hacker, security architect, and Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), along with their average annual salaries in the US and India. The chapter details the top five cybersecurity job roles, ranging from network engineer to CISO, and provides their average annual salaries in the US and India, offering a comprehensive overview of the various career paths available in cybersecurity.', 'It introduces key cybersecurity certifications such as CISSP, CISA, CISM, CRISC, and CCSP, highlighting their roles in managing IT security, system auditing, information security management, risk assessment, and cloud security. The chapter introduces pivotal cybersecurity certifications such as CISSP, CISA, CISM, CRISC, and CCSP, shedding light on their respective roles in IT security, system auditing, information security management, risk assessment, and cloud security.']}], 'duration': 955.065, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg2486370.jpg', 'highlights': ['The demand for skilled cybersecurity professionals is increasing due to the rise in cyber attacks, digital transformation, and data breaches, creating a rewarding career path in cybersecurity.', 'The chapter details the top five cybersecurity job roles, ranging from network engineer to CISO, and provides their average annual salaries in the US and India, offering a comprehensive overview of the various career paths available in cybersecurity.', 'The chapter introduces pivotal cybersecurity certifications such as CISSP, CISA, CISM, CRISC, and CCSP, shedding light on their respective roles in IT security, system auditing, information security management, risk assessment, and cloud security.', 'The increasing virtualization of the world, coupled with the surge in cyber attacks and data breaches, has led to an escalating demand for skilled cybersecurity professionals, making a career in cybersecurity both demanding and rewarding.', "The chapter emphasizes the prerequisites for a cybersecurity career, such as the need for a bachelor's degree in a relevant field or the option to kickstart the cybersecurity journey through relevant certifications in the absence of a relevant degree.", 'The domains include ensuring security of various assets such as applications, networking devices, and implementing standardized security architecture and engineering practices to maintain consistency and effectiveness.', 'The chapter stresses the need for constant assessment and testing of security controls to ensure compliance with the latest security standards and vulnerabilities.', 'The significance of day-to-day security operations, such as monitoring and responding to attacks, is underscored, emphasizing the need for proactive security measures.', 'The chapter highlights the critical areas of securing data transmission, identity and access management, software development security, and risk management in the context of cloud computing.', 'Certifications like Security Plus and Certified Ethical Hacking Training are recommended for technical expertise in vulnerability assessment and penetration testing, providing a pathway for career enhancement.']}, {'end': 5852.607, 'segs': [{'end': 3484.171, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3441.475, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3444.518, 'text': 'Several companies are looking for skilled cybersecurity professionals.', 'start': 3441.475, 'duration': 3.043}, {'end': 3457.51, 'text': 'Philips, Siemens, Google, Microsoft, and GE to name a few.', 'start': 3453.325, 'duration': 4.185}, {'end': 3464.477, 'text': 'With passion, the right amount of experience and relevant certifications, you can grow your cybersecurity career.', 'start': 3458.01, 'duration': 6.467}, {'end': 3473.708, 'text': "You can check out Simply Learn Cybersecurity Expert Master's Program to equip you with the necessary skills needed to become an expert in this rapidly growing domain.", 'start': 3465.018, 'duration': 8.69}, {'end': 3482.351, 'text': 'This course will help you learn various methods as to how you can protect your infrastructure, secure your data, run risk analysis,', 'start': 3474.448, 'duration': 7.903}, {'end': 3484.171, 'text': 'achieve compliance and much more.', 'start': 3482.351, 'duration': 1.82}], 'summary': "Companies like philips, siemens, google, microsoft, and ge are seeking cybersecurity professionals. simply learn cybersecurity expert master's program can equip you with the necessary skills for this rapidly growing domain.", 'duration': 42.696, 'max_score': 3441.475, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg3441475.jpg'}, {'end': 3564.461, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3537.578, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3543.889, 'text': 'First is the physical layer, the data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation and application.', 'start': 3537.578, 'duration': 6.311}, {'end': 3553.898, 'text': 'When such a question is asked in an interview, it is not only that we identify these seven layers explaining what the OSI model is in the first place.', 'start': 3544.656, 'duration': 9.242}, {'end': 3559.64, 'text': 'We then try to identify these seven layers and we give a brief description about each and every layer.', 'start': 3554.078, 'duration': 5.562}, {'end': 3564.461, 'text': 'If there are any additional questions, they will come after this basic question.', 'start': 3560.26, 'duration': 4.201}], 'summary': 'Osi model consists of 7 layers; understanding and describing them is crucial in interviews.', 'duration': 26.883, 'max_score': 3537.578, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg3537578.jpg'}, {'end': 3920.827, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3893.879, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3899.944, 'text': 'So when data is being transmitted over a network, it can be transmitted either in one of these particular manners.', 'start': 3893.879, 'duration': 6.065}, {'end': 3903.587, 'text': 'It can either be a unicast, multicast, or a broadcast.', 'start': 3900.024, 'duration': 3.563}, {'end': 3910.64, 'text': 'So what is unicast? Unicast is when a message is sent from a single user to a single receiver.', 'start': 3904.188, 'duration': 6.452}, {'end': 3917.825, 'text': 'So one to one, right? So one machine talking to another machine and nobody else.', 'start': 3911.22, 'duration': 6.605}, {'end': 3920.827, 'text': 'So also known as point to point communications.', 'start': 3918.345, 'duration': 2.482}], 'summary': 'Data can be transmitted as unicast, multicast, or broadcast, with unicast being one-to-one communication.', 'duration': 26.948, 'max_score': 3893.879, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg3893879.jpg'}, {'end': 4120.171, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4097.486, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4105.174, 'text': 'There is a DNS server which will have this index, a database of all the domains associated with their IP addresses.', 'start': 4097.486, 'duration': 7.688}, {'end': 4109.698, 'text': "If one particular DNS server does not have that information that you're looking for,", 'start': 4105.935, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 4114.624, 'text': 'it may query another DNS server who may have that particular response.', 'start': 4109.698, 'duration': 4.926}, {'end': 4120.171, 'text': 'So the first thing is when you type in domain name, it gets resolved with the DNS.', 'start': 4115.305, 'duration': 4.866}], 'summary': 'Dns server resolves domain names with their ip addresses.', 'duration': 22.685, 'max_score': 4097.486, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg4097486.jpg'}, {'end': 4725.216, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4694.974, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4699.117, 'text': 'What do you mean by IP config and IF config? Both of these are commands.', 'start': 4694.974, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 4703.02, 'text': 'The first one on a Windows machine, the second one on a Linux machine.', 'start': 4699.257, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 4706.63, 'text': 'So ipconfig is known as the Internet Protocol Configuration.', 'start': 4703.789, 'duration': 2.841}, {'end': 4716.373, 'text': 'This is a command that is used on the command line interface of Microsoft Windows to view all the adapters and the configuration of each and every adapters for their network interfaces.', 'start': 4707.21, 'duration': 9.163}, {'end': 4725.216, 'text': 'So, as you can see on the right hand side in the command prompt screen, if, once you type in the ipconfig command on the C prompt and press enter,', 'start': 4716.753, 'duration': 8.463}], 'summary': 'Ip config and if config are commands used for network interface configuration on windows and linux machines.', 'duration': 30.242, 'max_score': 4694.974, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg4694974.jpg'}, {'end': 5299.811, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5274.692, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 5282.458, 'text': "It depends on which level you're giving an interview on, but you're looking at it from a freshers perspective or a less experienced perspective.", 'start': 5274.692, 'duration': 7.766}, {'end': 5287.401, 'text': 'And thus, these are some of the aspects that we want to look at and the comparisons between C, C++ and Java.', 'start': 5283.218, 'duration': 4.183}, {'end': 5299.811, 'text': 'So the five aspects that we are looking at are pointers, code translations, storage allocation, inheritance and overall security based on C,', 'start': 5288.662, 'duration': 11.149}], 'summary': 'Comparing c, c++, and java based on pointers, code translations, storage allocation, inheritance, and security.', 'duration': 25.119, 'max_score': 5274.692, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg5274692.jpg'}, {'end': 5461.373, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5432.089, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 5439.356, 'text': 'Keylogger or some malicious software that is going to have a negative impact on security of your particular device.', 'start': 5432.089, 'duration': 7.267}, {'end': 5443.277, 'text': 'So the question here is what are the different sources of malware?', 'start': 5440.174, 'duration': 3.103}, {'end': 5450.723, 'text': "We want to identify the most common sources through which malwares infect end-user devices in today's world.", 'start': 5443.577, 'duration': 7.146}, {'end': 5452.845, 'text': 'And we can start with pop-up ads.', 'start': 5451.184, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 5454.667, 'text': 'So most of the websites.', 'start': 5453.526, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 5461.373, 'text': "if you're visiting untrusted sites, if you're being redirected to sites that you don't know about, there'll be a lot of pop-ups coming your way.", 'start': 5454.667, 'duration': 6.706}], 'summary': 'Malware can infect devices via pop-up ads and untrusted sites.', 'duration': 29.284, 'max_score': 5432.089, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg5432089.jpg'}], 'start': 3441.475, 'title': 'Cybersecurity and networking fundamentals', 'summary': "Discusses the high demand for cybersecurity professionals at companies like philips, siemens, google, microsoft, and ge, and introduces the simply learn cybersecurity expert master's program. it also covers the basics of the osi model, network communication, and dns security, along with comparing the security aspects of c, c++, and java. key concepts such as tcp/ip, ip configuration, and malware sources are also explained.", 'chapters': [{'end': 3484.171, 'start': 3441.475, 'title': 'High-demand cybersecurity jobs', 'summary': "Discusses the high demand for cybersecurity professionals, with companies like philips, siemens, google, microsoft, and ge seeking skilled individuals. it also mentions the simply learn cybersecurity expert master's program, which offers essential skills for becoming an expert in cybersecurity.", 'duration': 42.696, 'highlights': ["The Simply Learn Cybersecurity Expert Master's Program equips individuals with necessary skills for becoming an expert in the cybersecurity domain, offering methods to protect infrastructure, secure data, run risk analysis, achieve compliance, and more.", 'Several companies, including Philips, Siemens, Google, Microsoft, and GE, are actively seeking skilled cybersecurity professionals.']}, {'end': 3893.559, 'start': 3484.751, 'title': 'Cybersecurity career: osi model basics', 'summary': 'Delves into the basics of the osi model, explaining its seven layers, including their functions and key protocols such as tcp and udp, for establishing network connectivity and data transmission.', 'duration': 408.808, 'highlights': ['The OSI model comprises seven layers: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application, each serving specific functions in the network architecture, with emphasis on TCP and UDP protocols for connectivity and data transmission.', 'The physical layer deals with the physical transmission of data, including network interface cards and cables, while the data link layer focuses on encoding/decoding data packets into bits and MAC addressing for routing.', 'The network layer handles the transfer of datagrams, routing, and logical addressing, involving IP addressing and routing of packets (IP version 4 and IP version 6), while the transport layer is responsible for end-to-end connections through TCP and UDP protocols.', 'The session layer controls signals between computers, managing the establishment, maintenance, and termination of connections, including the handling of control signals such as the three-way handshake and acknowledgment packets for TCP connections.', 'The presentation layer translates data into the application layer format, encompassing data translation, formatting, MIME encoding, and encryption mechanisms, while the application layer facilitates protocol usage for application communication and data transfer.']}, {'end': 4592.131, 'start': 3893.879, 'title': 'Network communication and security overview', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of network communication, including unicast, multicast, and broadcast, along with dns, firewall types, vpn, and advantages of distributed processing.', 'duration': 698.252, 'highlights': ['Unicast, multicast, and broadcast methods of network communication are explained. The chapter provides a detailed explanation of unicast, multicast, and broadcast methods of network communication, outlining their specific use cases and how data is transmitted in each method.', 'DNS is described as the system responsible for mapping domain names to IP addresses. The transcript explains the functionality of DNS, including its role in resolving domain names to their corresponding IP addresses and the process of DNS query and resolution.', 'Different types of firewalls, including packet filtering, proxy, and stateful multilayer inspection, are discussed. The chapter covers the various types of firewalls, such as packet filtering, proxy, and stateful multilayer inspection, detailing their functionalities, responsibilities, and how they analyze and filter network traffic.', 'The concept and benefits of VPN, as well as the advantages of distributed processing, are explained. The transcript provides an overview of VPN, describing its role in creating encrypted tunnels for secure internet connections, as well as the advantages of distributed processing, including reliability, cost-effectiveness, scalability, and data recovery.']}, {'end': 5250.997, 'start': 4592.232, 'title': 'Networking fundamentals', 'summary': 'Covers tcp/ip, ip config and if config commands, difference between domain and workgroup, and data encapsulation in networking, emphasizing on key points like the role of tcp/ip in networking, configuration commands for windows and linux, and distinctions between domain and workgroup networks.', 'duration': 658.765, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers TCP/IP, IP config and IF config commands, emphasizing on the role of TCP/IP in establishing networking, IP configuration for Windows and Linux, and the differences between domain and workgroup networks.', 'TCP/IP is a set of communication protocols that define how data should be transmitted over the Internet, and once installed on a machine, it interacts with the hardware, enabling end-to-end communications.', 'The ipconfig command on Windows and the ifconfig command on Linux are used to view all the adapters and their configurations, including IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways, to determine network connectivity and the number of computers in a network.', 'The difference between a domain and a workgroup lies in their network models, where a workgroup is decentralized and allows individual management of resources on each PC, while a domain is centralized and managed by an administrator, providing access to network-wide resources and applications.', 'Data encapsulation refers to the process of adding headers and trailers to data, where the data link layer binds each packet into a frame containing hardware addresses of the source and destination computers, enabling routing and communication.', 'Methods to keep a computer secure include multi-factor authentication, secure passwords, regular software updates, installation of antivirus and firewall, anti-phishing software, encryption of data, and securing DNS to prevent attacks and data leakage.']}, {'end': 5852.607, 'start': 5251.357, 'title': 'Securing dns and comparing c, c++, and java security', 'summary': 'Covers the steps to use secure dns and compares the security aspects of c, c++, and java, highlighting pointers, code translations, storage allocation, inheritance, and overall security, with java being the most secure. it also discusses the sources of malware, including pop-up ads, usbs, documents and executable files, internet downloads, network connections, email attachments, and malicious advertisements. additionally, it explains how emails work using smtp and dns servers.', 'duration': 601.25, 'highlights': ['Comparing Security Aspects of C, C++, and Java The chapter discusses the security aspects of C, C++, and Java, comparing pointers, code translations, storage allocation, inheritance, and overall security, with Java being the most secure, C++ being mid-level, and C being the least secure.', 'Sources of Malware The most common sources of malware are identified, including pop-up ads, USBs, documents and executable files, internet downloads, network connections, email attachments, and malicious advertisements, which can infect end-user devices.', 'Email Working Process The process of sending an email is explained, involving the use of SMTP, email client, mail exchange server, DNS server, internet, and recipient mail server, with the sender and recipient email addresses, message subject, and body being essential components.', 'Steps to Use Secure DNS The chapter outlines eight steps to use secure DNS or DNS over HTTPS to encrypt DNS queries, enhancing the security of devices, computers, and applications.']}], 'duration': 2411.132, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg3441475.jpg', 'highlights': ["The Simply Learn Cybersecurity Expert Master's Program equips individuals with necessary skills for becoming an expert in the cybersecurity domain, offering methods to protect infrastructure, secure data, run risk analysis, achieve compliance, and more.", 'Several companies, including Philips, Siemens, Google, Microsoft, and GE, are actively seeking skilled cybersecurity professionals.', 'The OSI model comprises seven layers: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application, each serving specific functions in the network architecture, with emphasis on TCP and UDP protocols for connectivity and data transmission.', 'Unicast, multicast, and broadcast methods of network communication are explained. The chapter provides a detailed explanation of unicast, multicast, and broadcast methods of network communication, outlining their specific use cases and how data is transmitted in each method.', 'DNS is described as the system responsible for mapping domain names to IP addresses. The transcript explains the functionality of DNS, including its role in resolving domain names to their corresponding IP addresses and the process of DNS query and resolution.', 'The chapter covers TCP/IP, IP config and IF config commands, emphasizing on the role of TCP/IP in establishing networking, IP configuration for Windows and Linux, and the differences between domain and workgroup networks.', 'Comparing Security Aspects of C, C++, and Java The chapter discusses the security aspects of C, C++, and Java, comparing pointers, code translations, storage allocation, inheritance, and overall security, with Java being the most secure, C++ being mid-level, and C being the least secure.', 'Sources of Malware The most common sources of malware are identified, including pop-up ads, USBs, documents and executable files, internet downloads, network connections, email attachments, and malicious advertisements, which can infect end-user devices.']}, {'end': 7483.098, 'segs': [{'end': 6299.563, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6255.538, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6261.68, 'text': "so they're going to try to find out vulnerabilities, try to steal data and try to sell it on the gray market.", 'start': 6255.538, 'duration': 6.142}, {'end': 6265.183, 'text': 'So a white box would emulate an internal attack.', 'start': 6262.36, 'duration': 2.823}, {'end': 6267.845, 'text': 'a black box would emulate an external attack.', 'start': 6265.183, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 6278.195, 'text': 'Moving on to question 17, what is use case testing? Now use case testing is a functional test and it is also a black box test.', 'start': 6268.166, 'duration': 10.029}, {'end': 6283.6, 'text': 'What is a functional test? It tests the functionality of a particular software once it has been created.', 'start': 6278.435, 'duration': 5.165}, {'end': 6288.293, 'text': "Why is it a black box test? Because the user doesn't know what the functionality is.", 'start': 6284.81, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 6294.939, 'text': 'They just want to find out each and every scenario and try to see what that scenario generates as a response.', 'start': 6288.333, 'duration': 6.606}, {'end': 6299.563, 'text': 'They are not sure whether that is the appropriate response that should be generated or not.', 'start': 6295.239, 'duration': 4.324}], 'summary': 'Testing involves emulating internal and external attacks, as well as functional and black box tests to assess software functionality.', 'duration': 44.025, 'max_score': 6255.538, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg6255538.jpg'}, {'end': 6557.842, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6523.486, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6528.247, 'text': 'Static testing will always be 100% accurate in a very short amount of time because it is immediate.', 'start': 6523.486, 'duration': 4.761}, {'end': 6533.209, 'text': 'You have created it and then the export is going to test it to see whether everything is fine or not.', 'start': 6528.928, 'duration': 4.281}, {'end': 6536.11, 'text': 'It is all about prevention mechanism.', 'start': 6533.989, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 6541.291, 'text': "So since you're doing it at the inception itself, if you find any flaw it gets immediately repaired.", 'start': 6536.15, 'duration': 5.141}, {'end': 6546.193, 'text': 'So this is about preventing vulnerabilities from creeping into that application at a later point in time.', 'start': 6541.331, 'duration': 4.862}, {'end': 6550.857, 'text': 'Whereas dynamic on the other side is done at the end of the development life cycle.', 'start': 6547.014, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 6555.32, 'text': 'So you have generated the application, everything is ready, now you want to do dynamic testing.', 'start': 6551.177, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 6557.842, 'text': 'Includes functional and non-functional testing.', 'start': 6555.861, 'duration': 1.981}], 'summary': 'Static testing is 100% accurate for prevention, dynamic testing is done at the end of development cycle.', 'duration': 34.356, 'max_score': 6523.486, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg6523486.jpg'}, {'end': 6617.455, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6593.535, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 6599.7, 'text': 'and the management is then going to figure out a way of patching those vulnerabilities so that they can be mitigated.', 'start': 6593.535, 'duration': 6.165}, {'end': 6603.443, 'text': 'Moving on to the next question what are the test levels in software testing?', 'start': 6600.02, 'duration': 3.423}, {'end': 6609.409, 'text': 'So, as far as software testing is concerned, there are four test levels module testing, integration testing,', 'start': 6603.924, 'duration': 5.485}, {'end': 6612.572, 'text': 'system testing and the final one is acceptance testing.', 'start': 6609.409, 'duration': 3.163}, {'end': 6617.455, 'text': 'So in the testing phase of your development lifecycle, the first thing is a module test.', 'start': 6613.132, 'duration': 4.323}], 'summary': 'Management will address vulnerabilities; 4 test levels in software testing.', 'duration': 23.92, 'max_score': 6593.535, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg6593535.jpg'}, {'end': 6719.51, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6690.071, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 6694.413, 'text': 'the network dependencies that the application may have all of those would come under system testing.', 'start': 6690.071, 'duration': 4.342}, {'end': 6704.14, 'text': "And then the acceptance testing, which is basically a quality assurance exercise that the application meets the client's requirements.", 'start': 6695.094, 'duration': 9.046}, {'end': 6708.563, 'text': 'So the client in the first stage would have given the scope of what needs to be achieved.', 'start': 6704.76, 'duration': 3.803}, {'end': 6715.087, 'text': "In the acceptance testing, you're verifying that that scope has been met and the client requirements have been met,", 'start': 6709.143, 'duration': 5.944}, {'end': 6719.51, 'text': 'and you can assure the client about the functionality and the performance of that particular application.', 'start': 6715.087, 'duration': 4.423}], 'summary': 'System testing covers network dependencies, while acceptance testing ensures client requirements are met for functionality and performance.', 'duration': 29.439, 'max_score': 6690.071, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg6690071.jpg'}, {'end': 6750.2, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6727.335, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 6737.168, 'text': 'So, in the previous scenarios, when we have started testing now, if you find out when you execute a particular use case and then you find out a flaw,', 'start': 6727.335, 'duration': 9.833}, {'end': 6743.173, 'text': 'What would be the steps that you would utilize to address those particular flaws in those tests?', 'start': 6737.648, 'duration': 5.525}, {'end': 6750.2, 'text': "The first step will always be record, then you're going to report it and then you're going to introduce a control process for it.", 'start': 6743.534, 'duration': 6.666}], 'summary': 'Address flaws in tests by recording, reporting, and introducing a control process.', 'duration': 22.865, 'max_score': 6727.335, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg6727335.jpg'}, {'end': 7344.528, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7322.167, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 7332.515, 'text': "You're going to try to hide all the activity that you have done so that to conceal the actual attack and preventing the user from realizing that they have been compromised.", 'start': 7322.167, 'duration': 10.348}, {'end': 7340.305, 'text': "So these are the five steps that will be involved in hacking a server network application or any computing device you'll come across.", 'start': 7333.379, 'duration': 6.926}, {'end': 7344.528, 'text': 'The next question refers to what are the various sniffing tools.', 'start': 7340.685, 'duration': 3.843}], 'summary': 'Hacking involves concealing activity and using sniffing tools to compromise computing devices.', 'duration': 22.361, 'max_score': 7322.167, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg7322167.jpg'}, {'end': 7427.408, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7401.246, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 7410.816, 'text': 'but it is also a known troubleshooting technique used by administrators and network administrators to analyze any issues that may be going on in the network.', 'start': 7401.246, 'duration': 9.57}, {'end': 7418.264, 'text': 'So the first tool you see on the screen is Wireshark, like we stated, is available for Windows, Linux as well.', 'start': 7411.157, 'duration': 7.107}, {'end': 7427.408, 'text': 'Then there is TCP dump, which again has the same capability of Wireshark but is a command line version, whereas Wireshark also has a GUI,', 'start': 7419.025, 'duration': 8.383}], 'summary': 'Wireshark and tcp dump are tools used for network troubleshooting and analysis.', 'duration': 26.162, 'max_score': 7401.246, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg7401246.jpg'}, {'end': 7483.098, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7456.059, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 7465.707, 'text': "Then you've got Etercap which is a tool to launch man-in-the-middle attacks, data capturing and is essentially a Linux command line based tool.", 'start': 7456.059, 'duration': 9.648}, {'end': 7474.795, 'text': 'Then Dsniff is another password and network capturing tool which can help you capture data packets prominently a Linux tool.', 'start': 7466.348, 'duration': 8.447}, {'end': 7476.877, 'text': 'Same with EterApe.', 'start': 7475.596, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 7483.098, 'text': 'This is a graphical tool which will allow you to capture data,', 'start': 7478.538, 'duration': 4.56}], 'summary': 'Tools like etercap, dsniff, and eterape enable data capture and network attacks on linux systems.', 'duration': 27.039, 'max_score': 7456.059, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg7456059.jpg'}], 'start': 5853.328, 'title': 'Software testing and security measures', 'summary': 'Discusses threats faced by companies, including natural, manmade, technical, and supply system threats, and explains black box and white box testing methods. it also covers ethical hacking, use case testing, static vs dynamic testing in software, system testing, acceptance testing, and server hacking steps with sniffing tools.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6191.855, 'start': 5853.328, 'title': 'Company threats and testing methods', 'summary': 'Discusses the types of threats companies can face, including natural, manmade, technical, and supply system threats, and explains black box and white box testing methods for software and infrastructure.', 'duration': 338.527, 'highlights': ['Natural threats include acts of God such as storms, floods, earthquakes, and fires, and companies need to identify immediate threats and prepare for them based on geographic location and climate. Natural threats, such as storms, floods, earthquakes, and fires, require companies to identify immediate threats based on geographic location and climate and prepare for them.', 'Man-made threats encompass strikes, lockouts, hackers, theft, war, and rioting, necessitating business continuity or disaster recovery plans to mitigate their impact. Man-made threats like strikes, lockouts, hackers, theft, war, and rioting require business continuity or disaster recovery plans to mitigate their impact.', 'Technical threats include software bugs, operating system bugs, application bugs, hardware failures, and supply chain failures, all of which can disrupt business operations and require proactive planning. Technical threats, such as software bugs, operating system bugs, application bugs, hardware failures, and supply chain failures, can disrupt business operations and require proactive planning.', 'Supply system threats encompass environmental dependencies like electricity, internet services, and hardware vendors, requiring backup plans such as power generators and alternative vendors to ensure continuity. Supply system threats involve environmental dependencies like electricity, internet services, and hardware vendors, necessitating backup plans such as power generators and alternative vendors for continuity.', 'Black box testing involves conducting tests without knowledge shared with the tester, while white box testing provides the tester with information about the application, enabling them to conduct more targeted assessments. Black box testing is conducted without knowledge shared with the tester, while white box testing provides the tester with information about the application, enabling more targeted assessments.']}, {'end': 6426.96, 'start': 6191.855, 'title': 'Ethical hacking and use case testing', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of black box and white box audits in emulating external and internal attacks, as well as the concept of use case testing as a functional black box test for software functionality, exemplified by testing user document management scenarios.', 'duration': 235.105, 'highlights': ['Black box and white box audits are important in emulating external and internal attacks, with the former simulating an outsider attack and the latter emulating an internal attack by a disgruntled employee misusing access rights. Black box and white box audits are crucial for emulating external and internal attacks, with the former simulating an outsider attack and the latter emulating an internal attack by a disgruntled employee misusing access rights.', "Use case testing is a functional black box test for software functionality, where testers exercise the whole system from start to finish without detailed knowledge of the system's internal mechanisms, exemplified by scenarios such as testing user document management functionality. Use case testing is a functional black box test for software functionality, where testers exercise the whole system from start to finish without detailed knowledge of the system's internal mechanisms, exemplified by scenarios such as testing user document management functionality."]}, {'end': 6690.071, 'start': 6426.96, 'title': 'Static vs dynamic testing in software', 'summary': 'Explains the difference between static and dynamic testing in software development, highlighting that static testing is done at the early stages to prevent flaws, while dynamic testing is done at the end to identify vulnerabilities and cure them through functional and non-functional testing. it also covers the four test levels in software testing: module testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing.', 'duration': 263.111, 'highlights': ['Static testing is done in the early stages of development to prevent flaws, including walkthroughs, code review, and immediate repairs, ensuring 100% accuracy in a short time. Static testing is 100% accurate and immediate, involving walkthroughs, code review, and immediate flaw repairs at the inception stage, preventing vulnerabilities from creeping into the application at a later point in time.', 'Dynamic testing is conducted at the end of the development life cycle and includes functional and non-functional testing to identify vulnerabilities and cure them. Dynamic testing, conducted at the end of the development life cycle, involves functional and non-functional testing to identify vulnerabilities and cure them, such as reporting to management and mitigating the vulnerabilities.', "The four test levels in software testing are module testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing, each focusing on specific aspects of the software's functionality and integration. The four test levels in software testing are module testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing, each focusing on specific aspects of the software's functionality, integration, and performance to ensure its proper functioning and readiness for deployment."]}, {'end': 7083.506, 'start': 6690.071, 'title': 'Software testing and system processes', 'summary': 'Covers system testing, acceptance testing, and steps to resolve testing issues, along with an overview of virtual memory and different scheduling algorithms used in the context of processors.', 'duration': 393.435, 'highlights': ["System testing involves testing network dependencies, while acceptance testing verifies that the application meets the client's requirements. System testing encompasses network dependencies, while acceptance testing ensures that the application fulfills client requirements.", 'The valuable steps to resolve issues while testing include recording, reporting, and introducing a control process. Steps to resolve testing issues involve recording, reporting, and implementing a control process.', 'Virtual memory is created on the hard disk to supplement RAM, and it is utilized when the RAM is insufficient. Virtual memory is generated on the hard disk to complement RAM and is utilized when the RAM is inadequate.', 'Different scheduling algorithms include first come first serve, shortest job first, priority scheduling, multiple level queues, shortest remaining time, and round-robin method. Various scheduling algorithms encompass first come first serve, shortest job first, priority scheduling, multiple level queues, shortest remaining time, and round-robin method.']}, {'end': 7483.098, 'start': 7086.325, 'title': 'Hacking a server: steps & sniffing tools', 'summary': 'Explains the five steps involved in hacking a server or network, including reconnaissance, scanning, gaining access, maintaining access, and covering tracks, as well as detailing various sniffing tools used for capturing data packets over a network.', 'duration': 396.773, 'highlights': ['The five steps involved in hacking a server or network, including reconnaissance, scanning, gaining access, maintaining access, and covering tracks. The chapter details the five generic steps involved in hacking a server or network, emphasizing reconnaissance, scanning for vulnerabilities, gaining access through attacks, maintaining access through installing keyloggers or trojans, and covering tracks to hide the attack activity.', 'Wireshark, a common tool for network analysis, is available for both Windows and Linux, and is used for data capturing and troubleshooting network issues. The chapter highlights Wireshark as a common tool for network analysis, available for both Windows and Linux, used for data capturing and as a troubleshooting technique for network administrators.', 'The mention of various sniffing tools such as MSN Sniffer, Ethercap, TCP dump, Dsniff, and EterApe, each with specific capabilities and compatibility with different operating systems. The chapter provides information about various sniffing tools like MSN Sniffer, Ethercap, TCP dump, Dsniff, and EterApe, emphasizing their specific capabilities and compatibility with different operating systems.']}], 'duration': 1629.77, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg5853328.jpg', 'highlights': ['Black box and white box testing methods are crucial for emulating external and internal attacks.', 'Use case testing is a functional black box test for software functionality.', 'Static testing ensures 100% accuracy in a short time by preventing flaws in the early stages of development.', 'Dynamic testing is conducted at the end of the development life cycle to identify vulnerabilities and cure them.', 'The four test levels in software testing are module testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing.', "System testing involves testing network dependencies, while acceptance testing verifies that the application meets the client's requirements.", 'The valuable steps to resolve issues while testing include recording, reporting, and introducing a control process.', 'The chapter details the five generic steps involved in hacking a server or network, emphasizing reconnaissance, scanning for vulnerabilities, gaining access, maintaining access, and covering tracks.', 'Wireshark is highlighted as a common tool for network analysis, available for both Windows and Linux, used for data capturing and troubleshooting network issues.', 'The chapter provides information about various sniffing tools like MSN Sniffer, Ethercap, TCP dump, Dsniff, and EterApe, emphasizing their specific capabilities and compatibility with different operating systems.']}, {'end': 8215.902, 'segs': [{'end': 7552.092, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7521.45, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 7524.812, 'text': 'and then we are trying to figure out what an operating system is in the first place.', 'start': 7521.45, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 7528.454, 'text': 'But an operating system essentially, as the slide says,', 'start': 7525.212, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 7535.219, 'text': 'is a software program that provides a platform for computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software.', 'start': 7528.454, 'duration': 6.765}, {'end': 7540.503, 'text': 'so it is basically an enabler for human interaction with the hardware that you have.', 'start': 7535.219, 'duration': 5.284}, {'end': 7547.409, 'text': "if you take the operating system out of the question, it's just some hardware which cannot interact with you.", 'start': 7540.503, 'duration': 6.906}, {'end': 7552.092, 'text': 'but essentially, when you have operating system like microsoft, windows or linux or mac,', 'start': 7547.409, 'duration': 4.683}], 'summary': 'An operating system enables human-computer interaction and allows hardware to communicate with software.', 'duration': 30.642, 'max_score': 7521.45, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg7521450.jpg'}, {'end': 7768.721, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7740.636, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7747.292, 'text': 'So, as you can see on the screen, five types of operating systems batched OS, distributed operating systems, time sharing,', 'start': 7740.636, 'duration': 6.656}, {'end': 7749.015, 'text': 'multi-program and real-time.', 'start': 7747.292, 'duration': 1.723}, {'end': 7754.906, 'text': 'What are batched operating systems? The computer operator places the jobs coming from input devices into batches.', 'start': 7749.356, 'duration': 5.55}, {'end': 7761.699, 'text': 'So consider this not from a desktop perspective, but from a server perspective,', 'start': 7755.638, 'duration': 6.061}, {'end': 7768.721, 'text': 'where these devices are used by organizations to compute and to crunch some processes.', 'start': 7761.699, 'duration': 7.022}], 'summary': 'Five types of operating systems: batched os, distributed, time sharing, multi-program, and real-time.', 'duration': 28.085, 'max_score': 7740.636, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg7740636.jpg'}, {'end': 8028.197, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7995.122, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8002.245, 'text': 'whereas physical addresses are generated and computed by the memory management unit or the MMU that you have on your computers.', 'start': 7995.122, 'duration': 7.123}, {'end': 8009.621, 'text': 'And as far as logical addresses, they are variable, whereas a physical address is always going to be constant.', 'start': 8003.394, 'duration': 6.227}, {'end': 8014.907, 'text': 'Looking at the next question what is the difference between logical address space and physical address space?', 'start': 8010.121, 'duration': 4.786}, {'end': 8028.197, 'text': 'So, moving on from the previous question to this the logical address is address created by the CPU for the processors that need to be addressed and that need to be stored as a buffer in the physical memory.', 'start': 8014.927, 'duration': 13.27}], 'summary': 'Physical addresses are constant, logical addresses are variable. logical addresses created by cpu for processors and stored in physical memory.', 'duration': 33.075, 'max_score': 7995.122, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg7995122.jpg'}, {'end': 8069.105, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8038.782, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 8041.884, 'text': 'Then the next question discusses shells.', 'start': 8038.782, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 8048.848, 'text': 'So what shells are used in Linux? Now what is a shell? Shell is the command line interface that we utilize on a Linux machine.', 'start': 8042.044, 'duration': 6.804}, {'end': 8052.731, 'text': 'So The terminal window, as we call it, is a shell.', 'start': 8048.908, 'duration': 3.823}, {'end': 8057.875, 'text': "And there are different variations of a shell based on what Linux operating systems you're using.", 'start': 8053.632, 'duration': 4.243}, {'end': 8065.582, 'text': "The desktop operating systems that you use, or the server operating systems in today's world that you're going to use normally,", 'start': 8058.316, 'duration': 7.266}, {'end': 8069.105, 'text': 'will always have a bash shell, which is the first shell that you see on the screen.', 'start': 8065.582, 'duration': 3.523}], 'summary': 'Linux utilizes various shells, with bash being the primary shell for desktop and server operating systems.', 'duration': 30.323, 'max_score': 8038.782, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg8038782.jpg'}, {'end': 8222.704, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8196.224, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 8202.808, 'text': 'And the last state is zombie, where the process is terminated but the process table still holds the information.', 'start': 8196.224, 'duration': 6.584}, {'end': 8207.371, 'text': 'Maybe it is waiting for the kill request before it gets terminated.', 'start': 8203.489, 'duration': 3.882}, {'end': 8211.941, 'text': 'So these are the five states for a Linux process to be in.', 'start': 8208.26, 'duration': 3.681}, {'end': 8215.902, 'text': 'And that brings us to the 10 questions in the operating system and application space.', 'start': 8212.421, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 8219.624, 'text': "In the next video, we'll be looking at 10 more questions on cyber attacks.", 'start': 8216.323, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 8222.704, 'text': 'Interview questions based on cyber attacks.', 'start': 8220.224, 'duration': 2.48}], 'summary': 'The linux process can be in five states, leading to 10 questions on operating systems and cyber attacks.', 'duration': 26.48, 'max_score': 8196.224, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg8196224.jpg'}], 'start': 7483.098, 'title': 'Operating systems and network protocols', 'summary': 'Discusses the functionality of operating systems, the difference between microkernel and macrokernel, and the different types of operating systems including batched os, distributed os, time sharing os, multi-programmed os, and real-time os.', 'chapters': [{'end': 7874.553, 'start': 7483.098, 'title': 'Understanding operating systems and network protocols', 'summary': 'Discusses the functionality of operating systems, the difference between microkernel and macrokernel, and the different types of operating systems including batched os, distributed os, time sharing os, multi-programmed os, and real-time os.', 'duration': 391.455, 'highlights': ['An operating system is a software program that provides a platform for computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software, enabling human interaction with the hardware. The operating system enables interaction and manipulation of hardware, such as drivers for LAN, sound, and graphics cards, input and output functions, and GUI for applications like Microsoft Office.', 'The difference between microkernel and macrokernel lies in size, speed, extendability, and security implications, with examples of popular operating systems using each type. Microkernels are small, fast, and easily extendable but prone to crashing the entire operating system, while macrokernels are larger, slower, less extendable, and offer more security.', 'The different types of operating systems include batched OS, distributed OS, time sharing OS, multi-programmed OS, and real-time OS, each serving specific purposes such as job processing, resource sharing, and priority-based task execution. Batched OS processes jobs in batches, distributed OS connects multiple computers for resource sharing, time sharing OS minimizes response time, multi-programmed OS uses CPU scheduling, and real-time OS prioritizes critical operations.']}, {'end': 8215.902, 'start': 7875.153, 'title': 'Difference between logical and physical address spaces, linux shells, and process states', 'summary': 'Discusses the difference between logical and physical address spaces, highlighting the generation and accessibility of logical and physical addresses, the types of shells used in linux including their functionalities and the process states in linux, detailing the five states a process can be in.', 'duration': 340.749, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the difference between logical and physical address spaces, highlighting the generation and accessibility of logical and physical addresses, the types of shells used in Linux including their functionalities and the process states in Linux, detailing the five states a process can be in. This encompasses the core content of the transcript, covering the key topics of logical and physical address spaces, types of shells in Linux, and the process states in Linux, providing a comprehensive overview of the main concepts discussed.', 'Logical addresses are generated by the CPU during processing time, whereas physical addresses are generated and computed by the memory management unit (MMU), and logical addresses are variable while physical addresses are constant. This highlights the key differences between logical and physical addresses, emphasizing the generation and variability of logical addresses and the constant nature of physical addresses, providing a clear distinction between the two.', 'The most common shell in Linux is the bash shell, which is the default for Linux distribution and is utilized for scripting and executing regular commands, while other shells such as KSH, CSH, and ZSH have different functionalities depending on specific usage. This emphasizes the prevalence of the bash shell in Linux and introduces the functionalities of other shells like KSH, CSH, and ZSH, providing insights into their specific purposes and features.', 'In Linux, the process states include ready, running, blocked or wait, completed or terminated, and zombie, each representing different stages and conditions of a process. This outlines the five states of a process in Linux, providing a clear understanding of the various stages and conditions a process can be in, offering a comprehensive overview of process states.']}], 'duration': 732.804, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg7483098.jpg', 'highlights': ['The different types of operating systems include batched OS, distributed OS, time sharing OS, multi-programmed OS, and real-time OS, each serving specific purposes such as job processing, resource sharing, and priority-based task execution.', 'Logical addresses are generated by the CPU during processing time, whereas physical addresses are generated and computed by the memory management unit (MMU), and logical addresses are variable while physical addresses are constant.', 'The most common shell in Linux is the bash shell, which is the default for Linux distribution and is utilized for scripting and executing regular commands, while other shells such as KSH, CSH, and ZSH have different functionalities depending on specific usage.', 'In Linux, the process states include ready, running, blocked or wait, completed or terminated, and zombie, each representing different stages and conditions of a process.', 'An operating system is a software program that provides a platform for computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software, enabling human interaction with the hardware.']}, {'end': 9280.247, 'segs': [{'end': 8362.273, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8335.921, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8343.162, 'text': 'a blind SQL injection, where it is either Boolean based or a time based attack, and then an out of bounds SQL injection.', 'start': 8335.921, 'duration': 7.241}, {'end': 8347.879, 'text': "Essentially, you're looking at databases and you're looking at application security,", 'start': 8343.995, 'duration': 3.884}, {'end': 8353.245, 'text': 'where you want to encourage secure coding practices so an unvalidated input is mitigated.', 'start': 8347.879, 'duration': 5.366}, {'end': 8362.273, 'text': "The next question is what is spoofing? Now in spoofing, you're basically assuming the identity of another person.", 'start': 8355.409, 'duration': 6.864}], 'summary': 'Discusses sql injection and spoofing in application security.', 'duration': 26.352, 'max_score': 8335.921, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg8335921.jpg'}, {'end': 8448.365, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8424.648, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8434.293, 'text': 'Thus, the attacker will construct a botnet, and through that botnet, they will launch a distributed denial of service attack to the target victim.', 'start': 8424.648, 'duration': 9.645}, {'end': 8439.696, 'text': 'So a botnet, there are two terms that we want to look at over here.', 'start': 8435.494, 'duration': 4.202}, {'end': 8443.739, 'text': 'The first term is a bot, and the second one being the botnet itself.', 'start': 8439.736, 'duration': 4.003}, {'end': 8448.365, 'text': "Bot is a software that, once installed on a victim's machine,", 'start': 8444.259, 'duration': 4.106}], 'summary': 'Attacker will construct a botnet to launch a ddos attack on the target victim.', 'duration': 23.717, 'max_score': 8424.648, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg8424648.jpg'}, {'end': 9178.38, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9155.212, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 9162.137, 'text': 'So the main difference between these two types of hackers, a black hat and a white hat is the intent and the authorization.', 'start': 9155.212, 'duration': 6.925}, {'end': 9164.84, 'text': 'So black hat hackers will have malicious intent.', 'start': 9162.578, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 9170.164, 'text': 'They will try to personally gain from that attack by finding out vulnerabilities.', 'start': 9165.18, 'duration': 4.984}, {'end': 9174.679, 'text': 'They also will not have authorization to conduct whatever activity they are doing.', 'start': 9170.717, 'duration': 3.962}, {'end': 9178.38, 'text': 'Whereas on the other side, white hat hackers will be hired by organizations.', 'start': 9175.019, 'duration': 3.361}], 'summary': 'Black hat hackers have malicious intent, while white hat hackers are hired by organizations.', 'duration': 23.168, 'max_score': 9155.212, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg9155212.jpg'}, {'end': 9226.882, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9194.887, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 9199.849, 'text': 'The main difference between a black hat and a white hat is the authorization and the intent.', 'start': 9194.887, 'duration': 4.962}, {'end': 9209.015, 'text': 'The next question, what are honeypots? Now, honeypots are a very interesting device that can be introduced in a network.', 'start': 9200.472, 'duration': 8.543}, {'end': 9216.478, 'text': 'These basically are decoy servers that are implemented in a network to attract the attention of an attacker.', 'start': 9209.976, 'duration': 6.502}, {'end': 9226.882, 'text': 'It is there to lure an attacker into attacking that particular device, thus creating a security blanket for the rest of the devices.', 'start': 9217.538, 'duration': 9.344}], 'summary': 'Black hat vs white hat: difference lies in authorization and intent. honeypots are decoy servers to lure and protect network from attackers.', 'duration': 31.995, 'max_score': 9194.887, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg9194887.jpg'}], 'start': 8216.323, 'title': 'Cybersecurity threats', 'summary': 'Covers sql injection vulnerability, cybersecurity threats like spoofing, ddos attacks, arp poisoning, ransomware, and cyber attacks including social engineering, man in the middle attacks, and the role of honeypots in network security.', 'chapters': [{'end': 8353.245, 'start': 8216.323, 'title': 'Understanding sql injection vulnerability', 'summary': "Discusses sql injection vulnerability, where a user can inject a sql input to the database, emphasizing that it's an application and coding flaw, and covers different types of sql injections and the need for secure coding practices.", 'duration': 136.922, 'highlights': ['SQL injection vulnerability is a result of invalidated inputs being accepted and sent forward to the database, leading to executable statements and unwarranted responses. The vulnerability lies in the application and coding, where unvalidated inputs are accepted and sent forward to the database, confusing it into an executable statement and creating unwarranted responses.', "The chapter explains that SQL injection vulnerability is not specifically a database vulnerability, but it's more related to the application and coding of the application. The vulnerability is not specific to the database but is more related to the application and its coding, emphasizing the need for configuring queries at the application level to manage the vulnerability.", 'Different types of SQL injections are mentioned, including in-band SQL injection, blind SQL injection, and out of bounds SQL injection, highlighting the need for encouraging secure coding practices to mitigate unvalidated input. The chapter covers various types of SQL injections such as in-band, blind, and out of bounds SQL injections, emphasizing the need for secure coding practices to mitigate the acceptance of unvalidated input.']}, {'end': 8819.794, 'start': 8355.409, 'title': 'Cybersecurity threats overview', 'summary': 'Covers the concepts of spoofing, distributed denial of service (ddos) attacks, arp poisoning, and ransomware, explaining how they work and how to mitigate them.', 'duration': 464.385, 'highlights': ["Explanation of DDoS attack and botnet A DDoS attack involves overwhelming a network's bandwidth to prevent legitimate users from accessing it, typically executed through a botnet, where a single device cannot generate enough traffic, so attackers create a network of infected machines to launch the attack.", 'ARP poisoning prevention techniques To prevent ARP poisoning, packet filtering, avoiding trust relationships, and using ARP spoofing detection software can be employed, as well as leveraging tools like network visualizers and antiviruses with built-in capabilities to identify and mitigate ARP spoofing attacks.', 'Types of ransomware Ransomware includes scareware, which manipulates users into buying unwanted software; screen lockers, which prevent logging in and demand payment to access encrypted data; and encrypting ransomware, which encrypts files and demands payment in return for decryption keys.']}, {'end': 9280.247, 'start': 8820.413, 'title': 'Cyber security 101: attacks and hackers', 'summary': 'Explains the concepts of active and passive cyber attacks, social engineering attacks, man in the middle attacks, and the differences between black hat and white hat hackers, emphasizing the intent and authorization behind each type. it also covers the use and purpose of honeypots in network security.', 'duration': 459.834, 'highlights': ['Difference Between Black Hat and White Hat Hackers Black hat hackers have malicious intent, lack authorization, and aim for personal gain or disruption, while white hat hackers are ethical hackers hired by organizations, authorized to discover vulnerabilities and help mitigate them.', 'Active and Passive Cyber Attacks Active cyber attacks involve disrupting networks, modifying data, and altering system resources, while passive attacks involve intercepting data without modification, offering a clear distinction between the two methods.', 'Social Engineering Attacks Social engineering attacks manipulate individuals to disclose confidential information, with three categories including phishing, spear phishing, and veiling attacks, each targeting different groups with varying levels of research and customization.', 'Man in the Middle Attack The man in the middle attack involves an attacker eavesdropping on the communication between a client and server, posing as the server, and potentially modifying or copying data, highlighting the vulnerability in the communication process.', "Honeypots in Network Security Honeypots are decoy servers introduced in a network to divert attackers' attention, simulate vulnerabilities, and alert administrators of potential attacks, serving as a valuable tool in network security."]}], 'duration': 1063.924, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg8216323.jpg', 'highlights': ['Different types of SQL injections are mentioned, including in-band SQL injection, blind SQL injection, and out of bounds SQL injection, highlighting the need for encouraging secure coding practices to mitigate unvalidated input.', "Explanation of DDoS attack and botnet A DDoS attack involves overwhelming a network's bandwidth to prevent legitimate users from accessing it, typically executed through a botnet, where a single device cannot generate enough traffic, so attackers create a network of infected machines to launch the attack.", 'Difference Between Black Hat and White Hat Hackers Black hat hackers have malicious intent, lack authorization, and aim for personal gain or disruption, while white hat hackers are ethical hackers hired by organizations, authorized to discover vulnerabilities and help mitigate them.', "Honeypots in Network Security Honeypots are decoy servers introduced in a network to divert attackers' attention, simulate vulnerabilities, and alert administrators of potential attacks, serving as a valuable tool in network security."]}, {'end': 10419.279, 'segs': [{'end': 9326.806, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9301.545, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 9311.453, 'text': 'Now, cryptography is used by security professionals to scramble data into non readable format, which is used in securing that information.', 'start': 9301.545, 'duration': 9.908}, {'end': 9319.562, 'text': 'So it involves converting data from a readable format into a non-readable format and then reversing it back to readable format again.', 'start': 9313.018, 'duration': 6.544}, {'end': 9326.806, 'text': 'For example, the word computer is now scrambled into looking like an unreadable format.', 'start': 9320.402, 'duration': 6.404}], 'summary': 'Cryptography secures data by scrambling it into non-readable format.', 'duration': 25.261, 'max_score': 9301.545, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg9301545.jpg'}, {'end': 9506.863, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9477.41, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 9480.491, 'text': 'The plain message is broken down into fixed size blocks and then encrypted.', 'start': 9477.41, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 9484.633, 'text': 'Now a block cipher is normally used for data that is stored.', 'start': 9480.812, 'duration': 3.821}, {'end': 9490.776, 'text': 'So a data that is stored on a hard disk and we want to encrypt that data, that is known as block encryption or a block cipher.', 'start': 9484.853, 'duration': 5.923}, {'end': 9498.599, 'text': 'So a block cipher is an algorithm that will allow you to encrypt data that is stored onto a hard disk.', 'start': 9491.036, 'duration': 7.563}, {'end': 9506.863, 'text': "so in this example, we've got a plain text which is 64 bits in size, and we have added a layer of encryption to it.", 'start': 9498.599, 'duration': 8.264}], 'summary': 'Data is encrypted using block cipher, 64-bit plain text added encryption layer.', 'duration': 29.453, 'max_score': 9477.41, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg9477410.jpg'}, {'end': 9545.561, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9518.129, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 9523.311, 'text': 'Now? the public key infrastructure is a set of policies which secures the communication between a server and a client.', 'start': 9518.129, 'duration': 5.182}, {'end': 9525.992, 'text': 'It uses two cryptographic keys, public and private.', 'start': 9523.331, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 9535.255, 'text': 'So the infrastructure itself is a set of policies, people, procedures and techniques which are standardized in nature.', 'start': 9526.632, 'duration': 8.623}, {'end': 9545.561, 'text': 'and are globally accepted, which allow us to use digital certificates to encrypt data and decrypt the data at the other end.', 'start': 9536.195, 'duration': 9.366}], 'summary': 'Public key infrastructure secures server-client communication using cryptographic keys and standardized policies.', 'duration': 27.432, 'max_score': 9518.129, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg9518129.jpg'}, {'end': 9765.126, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9724.207, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 9731.749, 'text': 'So, going back to the previous slide, these are the key players that have been standardized in the public key infrastructure.', 'start': 9724.207, 'duration': 7.542}, {'end': 9735.61, 'text': 'The certification authority is the authority that issues the digital certificates.', 'start': 9732.189, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 9739.671, 'text': 'The validation authority is the one who validates that digital certificate.', 'start': 9735.93, 'duration': 3.741}, {'end': 9748.994, 'text': 'Moving on, what is RSA? RSA is one of the first public key crypto systems that is used for secure data transmission.', 'start': 9740.331, 'duration': 8.663}, {'end': 9751.656, 'text': 'It stands for Rivest, Shamir and Edelman.', 'start': 9749.054, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 9760.642, 'text': 'Now, these are the three people who have created this algorithm, Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Edelman, who are the inventors of this technique.', 'start': 9752.156, 'duration': 8.486}, {'end': 9765.126, 'text': 'It is an asymmetric cryptography algorithm which works on both public and private keys.', 'start': 9761.183, 'duration': 3.943}], 'summary': 'Rsa is a public key crypto system invented by rivest, shamir, and edelman, used for secure data transmission.', 'duration': 40.919, 'max_score': 9724.207, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg9724207.jpg'}, {'end': 9921.486, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9896.408, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 9902.472, 'text': 'So the main and the prime objectives of modern cryptography are as follows, mentioned on your screen', 'start': 9896.408, 'duration': 6.064}, {'end': 9904.333, 'text': 'The first one is confidentiality.', 'start': 9902.772, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 9906.615, 'text': 'The second one is non-repudiation.', 'start': 9905.074, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 9908.816, 'text': 'Third one is authenticity.', 'start': 9907.735, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 9910.69, 'text': 'And the fourth one is integrity.', 'start': 9909.319, 'duration': 1.371}, {'end': 9917.805, 'text': 'Now if I go back to the first one confidentiality that is where I want to keep data confidential.', 'start': 9911.482, 'duration': 6.323}, {'end': 9921.486, 'text': 'That means it will only be visible to the authorized users.', 'start': 9918.165, 'duration': 3.321}], 'summary': 'Modern cryptography aims for confidentiality, non-repudiation, authenticity, and integrity to keep data secure.', 'duration': 25.078, 'max_score': 9896.408, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg9896408.jpg'}, {'end': 10271.253, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10243.191, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 10246.973, 'text': 'Now all of these need to be secured or highly secured based on PCI DSS.', 'start': 10243.191, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 10250.856, 'text': 'which is the payment card industry data security standard.', 'start': 10248.234, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 10256.902, 'text': 'So these standards ensure that certain protocols are utilized to attain that level of security.', 'start': 10251.197, 'duration': 5.705}, {'end': 10263.328, 'text': 'SAFR is one of those block ciphers that is used under the digital payment gateway infrastructure.', 'start': 10257.022, 'duration': 6.306}, {'end': 10271.253, 'text': 'Next question, how does the public infrastructure, public key infrastructure work? Now we have already discussed this in the previous diagrams.', 'start': 10263.888, 'duration': 7.365}], 'summary': 'Securing systems based on pci dss for data security standard with safr block cipher and public key infrastructure.', 'duration': 28.062, 'max_score': 10243.191, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg10243191.jpg'}, {'end': 10342.328, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10317.902, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 10323.868, 'text': 'And now the last question, what is the Blowfish algorithm? It is a 64-bit symmetric encryption algorithm.', 'start': 10317.902, 'duration': 5.966}, {'end': 10329.275, 'text': 'So this is an algorithm that uses the same key to encrypt and the same key to decrypt.', 'start': 10323.888, 'duration': 5.387}, {'end': 10331.878, 'text': 'The same secret key is used to encrypt and decrypt the messages.', 'start': 10329.495, 'duration': 2.383}, {'end': 10336.584, 'text': 'Here the operations are based on exclusive ORs and additions on 32-bit words.', 'start': 10332.339, 'duration': 4.245}, {'end': 10340.487, 'text': 'the key has a maximum length of 448 bits.', 'start': 10338.166, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 10342.328, 'text': 'now, this is a little bit technical.', 'start': 10340.487, 'duration': 1.841}], 'summary': 'Blowfish is a 64-bit symmetric encryption algorithm using a 448-bit key, based on exclusive ors and additions on 32-bit words.', 'duration': 24.426, 'max_score': 10317.902, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg10317902.jpg'}], 'start': 9281.132, 'title': 'Cryptography basics, pki, rsa, and modern objectives', 'summary': 'Covers cybersecurity basics, cryptography, pki, rsa, and modern cryptography objectives. it includes explanations of encryption, decryption, block ciphers, pki players, digital certificates, rsa algorithm, and modern cryptographic objectives such as confidentiality, non-repudiation, authenticity, and integrity.', 'chapters': [{'end': 9498.599, 'start': 9281.132, 'title': 'Cybersecurity and cryptography basics', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of cybersecurity and cryptography, including an explanation of cryptography, encryption, decryption, ciphertext, and cleartext, and the concept of block ciphers.', 'duration': 217.467, 'highlights': ['Cryptography involves converting data from a readable format into a non-readable format and then reversing it back to readable format again, using techniques such as shifting alphabets to scramble text. Techniques like shifting alphabets to scramble text.', 'Ciphertext refers to the text which is encrypted and totally undesirable, while the message received after decryption is known as clear text. Explanation of ciphertext and clear text.', 'Block cipher is a method of encrypting the plain message block by block, commonly used for encrypting data stored on a hard disk. Explanation of block cipher and its use for encrypting data stored on a hard disk.']}, {'end': 9878.7, 'start': 9498.599, 'title': 'Public key infrastructure and rsa', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of public key infrastructure (pki) as a set of policies securing communication using two cryptographic keys, and the rsa algorithm for secure data transmission. it explains the players involved in pki, the process of obtaining digital certificates, and the role of certification and validation authorities. additionally, it outlines the concept of rsa as an asymmetric cryptography algorithm and mentions alternative authentication mechanisms such as duo security, okta, google authenticator, and lastpass.', 'duration': 380.101, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the concept of public key infrastructure (PKI) as a set of policies securing communication using two cryptographic keys. PKI is outlined as a set of policies securing communication using two cryptographic keys, public and private, allowing the use of digital certificates to encrypt and decrypt data.', 'It explains the players involved in PKI, the process of obtaining digital certificates, and the role of certification and validation authorities. The various players in PKI, the process of obtaining digital certificates, and the role of certification and validation authorities are described, outlining the steps involved in obtaining and utilizing digital certificates.', 'The RSA algorithm is described as an asymmetric cryptography algorithm for secure data transmission. RSA is introduced as an asymmetric cryptography algorithm for secure data transmission, utilizing public and private keys for encryption and decryption.', 'It outlines alternative authentication mechanisms such as Duo Security, Okta, Google Authenticator, and LastPass. Alternative authentication mechanisms including Duo Security, Okta, Google Authenticator, and LastPass are mentioned as options for secure access and data transmission, offering various authorization and authentication features.']}, {'end': 10419.279, 'start': 9879.778, 'title': 'Modern cryptography objectives', 'summary': 'Discusses the prime objectives of modern cryptography, including confidentiality, non-repudiation, authenticity, and integrity, and their applications in ensuring data security and trustworthiness.', 'duration': 539.501, 'highlights': ['Modern cryptography objectives: confidentiality, non-repudiation, authenticity, and integrity These objectives aim to ensure data security and trustworthiness, such as through maintaining confidentiality by allowing access to authorized users, preventing denial of transactions through non-repudiation, proving identities through authenticity, and ensuring data integrity.', 'SAFR: secure and fast encryption routine, widely used in digital payment cards SAFR is a block cipher with a 64-bit block size and byte-oriented algorithm, widely used in applications like digital payment cards to secure sensitive information based on PCI DSS.', 'Public key infrastructure: process of requesting, validating, and using digital certificates for secure transactions The process involves requesting a digital certificate, validation by the registration authority and certification authority, and using the digital certificate to sign transactions for secure validation and processing.', 'Blowfish algorithm: 64-bit symmetric encryption algorithm, utilizing the same key for encryption and decryption The Blowfish algorithm is a symmetric encryption algorithm with a maximum key length of 448 bits, used for encrypting and decrypting data, distinguishing it from asymmetric algorithms and stream ciphers.']}], 'duration': 1138.147, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/njPY7pQTRWg/pics/njPY7pQTRWg9281132.jpg', 'highlights': ['Cryptography involves converting data from a readable format into a non-readable format and then reversing it back to readable format again, using techniques such as shifting alphabets to scramble text.', 'Block cipher is a method of encrypting the plain message block by block, commonly used for encrypting data stored on a hard disk.', 'The chapter discusses the concept of public key infrastructure (PKI) as a set of policies securing communication using two cryptographic keys.', 'The RSA algorithm is described as an asymmetric cryptography algorithm for secure data transmission, utilizing public and private keys for encryption and decryption.', 'Modern cryptography objectives: confidentiality, non-repudiation, authenticity, and integrity These objectives aim to ensure data security and trustworthiness, such as through maintaining confidentiality by allowing access to authorized users, preventing denial of transactions through non-repudiation, proving identities through authenticity, and ensuring data integrity.', 'SAFR: secure and fast encryption routine, widely used in digital payment cards SAFR is a block cipher with a 64-bit block size and byte-oriented algorithm, widely used in applications like digital payment cards to secure sensitive information based on PCI DSS.', 'Public key infrastructure: process of requesting, validating, and using digital certificates for secure transactions The process involves requesting a digital certificate, validation by the registration authority and certification authority, and using the digital certificate to sign transactions for secure validation and processing.', 'Blowfish algorithm: 64-bit symmetric encryption algorithm, utilizing the same key for encryption and decryption The Blowfish algorithm is a symmetric encryption algorithm with a maximum key length of 448 bits, used for encrypting and decrypting data, distinguishing it from asymmetric algorithms and stream ciphers.']}], 'highlights': ['The WannaCry ransomware attack infected over 200,000 computers across 150 countries, causing damages ranging from hundreds of millions to billions of dollars, and was believed to be initiated by North Korea.', 'The demand for skilled cybersecurity professionals is increasing due to the rise in cyber attacks, digital transformation, and data breaches, creating a rewarding career path in cybersecurity.', 'Motivations for cybercrime include financial gain through activities like ransomware attacks, causing significant financial losses and damages globally, exemplified by the WannaCry incident in 2017.', 'The vulnerability of stored personal information emphasizes the need for enhanced online shopping security measures.', 'The potential risks of storing personal information online emphasize the importance of vigilance and skepticism towards unsolicited requests for account credentials.', 'The chapter discusses various cyber attacks faced by individuals, including malware, phishing, man-in-the-middle, and password attacks, and highlights the importance of preventive measures such as firewalls, honeypots, and unique passwords.', "The transcript outlines the different types of cyber attacks faced by companies, such as Advanced Persistent Threat, denial of service (DoS) attack, distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack, and SQL injection attack, which pose significant threats to organizations' networks and data security.", 'The Melissa virus caused nearly 80 million worth of damages and disrupted almost 1 million email accounts worldwide, leading to significant disruptions.', "The cyber attack on Home Depot resulted in the compromise of 56 million payment cards and 53 million customer email addresses, attributed to criminals using a third-party vendor's username and password to deploy custom-built malware on self-checkout systems in the US and Canada.", "The Stuxnet cyber attack aimed at damaging Iran's nuclear infrastructure, infecting over 200,000 computers, including 14 industrial sites, and is believed to have been created by the US and Israeli intelligence, leading to severe damage to Iranian reactors.", 'The chapter details the top five cybersecurity job roles, ranging from network engineer to CISO, and provides their average annual salaries in the US and India, offering a comprehensive overview of the various career paths available in cybersecurity.', 'The chapter introduces pivotal cybersecurity certifications such as CISSP, CISA, CISM, CRISC, and CCSP, shedding light on their respective roles in IT security, system auditing, information security management, risk assessment, and cloud security.', 'The increasing virtualization of the world, coupled with the surge in cyber attacks and data breaches, has led to an escalating demand for skilled cybersecurity professionals, making a career in cybersecurity both demanding and rewarding.', "The chapter emphasizes the prerequisites for a cybersecurity career, such as the need for a bachelor's degree in a relevant field or the option to kickstart the cybersecurity journey through relevant certifications in the absence of a relevant degree.", 'The different types of operating systems include batched OS, distributed OS, time sharing OS, multi-programmed OS, and real-time OS, each serving specific purposes such as job processing, resource sharing, and priority-based task execution.', 'Logical addresses are generated by the CPU during processing time, whereas physical addresses are generated and computed by the memory management unit (MMU), and logical addresses are variable while physical addresses are constant.', 'The most common shell in Linux is the bash shell, which is the default for Linux distribution and is utilized for scripting and executing regular commands, while other shells such as KSH, CSH, and ZSH have different functionalities depending on specific usage.', 'In Linux, the process states include ready, running, blocked or wait, completed or terminated, and zombie, each representing different stages and conditions of a process.', 'The different types of SQL injections are mentioned, including in-band SQL injection, blind SQL injection, and out of bounds SQL injection, highlighting the need for encouraging secure coding practices to mitigate unvalidated input.', "Explanation of DDoS attack and botnet A DDoS attack involves overwhelming a network's bandwidth to prevent legitimate users from accessing it, typically executed through a botnet, where a single device cannot generate enough traffic, so attackers create a network of infected machines to launch the attack.", 'Difference Between Black Hat and White Hat Hackers Black hat hackers have malicious intent, lack authorization, and aim for personal gain or disruption, while white hat hackers are ethical hackers hired by organizations, authorized to discover vulnerabilities and help mitigate them.', "Honeypots in Network Security Honeypots are decoy servers introduced in a network to divert attackers' attention, simulate vulnerabilities, and alert administrators of potential attacks, serving as a valuable tool in network security."]}