title
Brian Keating: Cosmology, Astrophysics, Aliens & Losing the Nobel Prize | Lex Fridman Podcast #257

description
Brian Keating is an experimental physicist at the UCSD, author of Losing the Nobel Prize, and host of the Into the Impossible podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex and use code Lex25 to get 25% off - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil - Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off - MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off - Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Brian's Twitter: https://twitter.com/DrBrianKeating Brian's YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/DrBrianKeating Books and resources mentioned: Losing the Nobel Prize: https://amzn.to/3E6GSHI Into the Impossible: https://amzn.to/3Fb6F2E PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 0:27 - Telescope 5:51 - Beginning of the universe 26:04 - Science and the Soviet Union 31:30 - What it's like to be a scientist 50:26 - Age of the universe 53:17 - Expansion of the universe 1:01:18 - Gravitational waves 1:04:30 - BICEP 1:29:45 - Nobel prize 1:52:47 - Joe Rogan 2:00:02 - Recognition in science 2:08:11 - Curiosity 2:15:59 - Losing the Nobel Prize 2:28:53 - Galileo Galilei 2:47:41 - Eric Weinstein 3:06:01 - Scientific community 3:23:42 - James Webb telescope 3:28:42 - Panspermia 3:32:12 - Origin of life 3:37:40 - Aliens 3:43:22 - Death and purpose 3:47:34 - God 3:53:30 - Power SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Brian Keating: Cosmology, Astrophysics, Aliens & Losing the Nobel Prize | Lex Fridman Podcast #257', 'heatmap': [], 'summary': "The podcast covers a wide range of topics including cosmological theories, challenges faced by soviet scientists, personal journeys and spirituality, nobel prize pursuit, measuring the universe's geometry, observing cosmic microwave background, challenges in science, finding cosmic awesomeness, galileo's pursuits, assessing expertise in physics and economics, scientific phenomena and space exploration, and finding meaning in scientific exploration and self-reflection, offering a deep and insightful exploration of various scientific and philosophical themes.", 'chapters': [{'end': 1584.352, 'segs': [{'end': 73.912, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 49.181, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 56.625, 'text': 'Yeah But certainly the telescope, to me, is a lever that has literally moved the Earth throughout history.', 'start': 49.181, 'duration': 7.444}, {'end': 59.106, 'text': 'So the OG telescope? The OG telescope, yeah.', 'start': 56.765, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 65.229, 'text': 'The one invented not by Galileo, as most people think, but by this guy Hans Lippershey in the Netherlands.', 'start': 59.126, 'duration': 6.103}, {'end': 73.912, 'text': 'And, you know, it was kind of interesting because in the 1600s, 14, 1500, 1600s, it was the beginning of movable type.', 'start': 66.069, 'duration': 7.843}], 'summary': 'The telescope, invented by hans lippershey, has moved the earth throughout history.', 'duration': 24.731, 'max_score': 49.181, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs849181.jpg'}, {'end': 231.817, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 205.696, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 210.24, 'text': 'They took the same two lenses and they looked inward, right? They looked at bacteria, they looked at, you know, hairs.', 'start': 205.696, 'duration': 4.544}, {'end': 211.721, 'text': 'In other words, they made the microscope.', 'start': 210.28, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 213.142, 'text': "And we're still doing that.", 'start': 212.301, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 217.345, 'text': 'And so, you know, to have a telescope, it serves a dual purpose.', 'start': 213.743, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 223.31, 'text': "It's not only a way of looking out, it's looking in, but it's also looking back in time.", 'start': 217.906, 'duration': 5.404}, {'end': 224.631, 'text': "In other words, you don't see a microscope.", 'start': 223.33, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 227.753, 'text': "You don't think, oh, I'm seeing this thing as it was, you know, one nanosecond ago.", 'start': 224.651, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 229.475, 'text': 'Light travels one foot per nanosecond.', 'start': 227.814, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 231.817, 'text': "No, you don't think about it like that.", 'start': 230.396, 'duration': 1.421}], 'summary': 'Microscope and telescope serve dual purpose, for looking inwards and outwards, and back in time.', 'duration': 26.121, 'max_score': 205.696, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs8205696.jpg'}, {'end': 334.874, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 307.8, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 312.384, 'text': "that resistor will come to the exact same temperature as the object it's looking at.", 'start': 307.8, 'duration': 4.584}, {'end': 313.921, 'text': 'Which is pretty amazing.', 'start': 313.1, 'duration': 0.821}, {'end': 316.122, 'text': "It means you're actually remotely measuring.", 'start': 313.981, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 319.844, 'text': "You're taking the temperature of Jupiter or whatever in effect.", 'start': 316.142, 'duration': 3.702}, {'end': 323.146, 'text': "And so it's allowing you to basically teleport.", 'start': 320.264, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 327.108, 'text': "And there's no other science that you can really do that, right? If you're an archaeologist, you can't.", 'start': 323.766, 'duration': 3.342}, {'end': 333.012, 'text': "Let me get into my time machine and go back and see what was Lucy really like? It's not possible.", 'start': 327.349, 'duration': 5.663}, {'end': 334.874, 'text': 'So the same thing happens.', 'start': 333.032, 'duration': 1.842}], 'summary': 'Resistor can remotely measure temperature, enabling teleportation-like capabilities.', 'duration': 27.074, 'max_score': 307.8, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs8307800.jpg'}, {'end': 512.077, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 488.555, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 495.681, 'text': 'However, if you go back beyond those first three minutes, we really have to say almost nothing because we are not capable.', 'start': 488.555, 'duration': 7.126}, {'end': 498.883, 'text': 'In other words, going backwards from the first three minutes,', 'start': 495.701, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 505.029, 'text': 'as famous Steven Weinberg titled his book actually marks a point where ignorance takes over.', 'start': 498.883, 'duration': 6.146}, {'end': 512.077, 'text': "In other words, we can't speculate on what happened three minutes before the preponderance of hydrogen was formed in our universe.", 'start': 505.209, 'duration': 6.868}], 'summary': 'Speculating on events before 3 minutes is impossible due to our limitations.', 'duration': 23.522, 'max_score': 488.555, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs8488555.jpg'}, {'end': 829.584, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 796.133, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 797.333, 'text': 'So you asked me about some of the alternatives.', 'start': 796.133, 'duration': 1.2}, {'end': 800.894, 'text': 'So one is Aeon theory, the conformal cyclic cosmology of Sir Roger Penrose.', 'start': 797.353, 'duration': 3.541}, {'end': 809.383, 'text': 'Another one that was really popular in the 60s and 70s, until the discovery of the primary component of my research field,', 'start': 801.474, 'duration': 7.909}, {'end': 816.791, 'text': 'the cosmic microwave background radiation or CMB, the three Kelvin all-pervasive signal that astronomers detected in 1965..', 'start': 809.383, 'duration': 7.408}, {'end': 822.297, 'text': 'That kind of spelled the death knell in some sense to what was called the quasi-steady state universe.', 'start': 816.791, 'duration': 5.506}, {'end': 829.584, 'text': 'Mm-hmm And then there was another model that kind of came out of that.', 'start': 822.698, 'duration': 6.886}], 'summary': 'The alternatives discussed include aeon theory, conformal cyclic cosmology, and the quasi-steady state universe, affected by the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation in 1965.', 'duration': 33.451, 'max_score': 796.133, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs8796133.jpg'}, {'end': 1026.242, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1000.202, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1010.53, 'text': 'he actively claims that inflation is baroque, pernicious, dangerous, malevolent not to science, not just to cosmology, but to society.', 'start': 1000.202, 'duration': 10.328}, {'end': 1016.875, 'text': "So here's a man who created a theory that's captivated the world or universe of cosmologists, such as it is.", 'start': 1010.97, 'duration': 5.905}, {'end': 1020.278, 'text': "It's not a huge universe, but there are more podcasters than cosmologists.", 'start': 1016.915, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 1021.539, 'text': 'Some do both.', 'start': 1020.999, 'duration': 0.54}, {'end': 1026.242, 'text': 'But this man created this theory with collaborators.', 'start': 1021.639, 'duration': 4.603}], 'summary': 'Inflation theory is regarded as baroque, pernicious, and dangerous, captivating cosmologists worldwide.', 'duration': 26.04, 'max_score': 1000.202, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs81000202.jpg'}, {'end': 1148.496, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1119.017, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1121.501, 'text': 'But nevertheless, this has certain attractions to it.', 'start': 1119.017, 'duration': 2.484}, {'end': 1129.011, 'text': 'And what it does most foremost is that it removes the quantum gravity aspect from cosmology.', 'start': 1122.142, 'duration': 6.869}, {'end': 1134.057, 'text': 'So it takes away 50% of the motivation for a theory of quantum gravity.', 'start': 1129.832, 'duration': 4.225}, {'end': 1136.42, 'text': 'You talked a lot about quantum gravity.', 'start': 1134.858, 'duration': 1.562}, {'end': 1138.964, 'text': 'You talked to people, eminent people on the show.', 'start': 1136.44, 'duration': 2.524}, {'end': 1146.253, 'text': 'Always latent in those conversations is sort of the teleological expectation that there is a theory of everything.', 'start': 1139.424, 'duration': 6.829}, {'end': 1148.496, 'text': 'There is a theory of quantum gravity.', 'start': 1146.674, 'duration': 1.822}], 'summary': 'Proposal removes quantum gravity aspect from cosmology, reducing theory motivation by 50%.', 'duration': 29.479, 'max_score': 1119.017, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs81119017.jpg'}, {'end': 1379.348, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1353.619, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 1358.342, 'text': 'really are the only entities capable of contemplating infinity.', 'start': 1353.619, 'duration': 4.723}, {'end': 1360.223, 'text': 'but we do so very imperfectly, right.', 'start': 1358.342, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 1372.406, 'text': "So if I say to you what's bigger the number of water molecules in this thing or the number of real numbers? Or if I say what's bigger the number of real numbers or rational numbers? They're all different classifications of the amount of infinities that there could be.", 'start': 1360.683, 'duration': 11.723}, {'end': 1374.527, 'text': 'Infinity to the infinity power.', 'start': 1373.246, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 1376.587, 'text': "When you have kids someday, they'll tell you, I love you infinity.", 'start': 1374.547, 'duration': 2.04}, {'end': 1377.528, 'text': 'You have to come back.', 'start': 1376.607, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 1379.348, 'text': 'I love you infinity plus one.', 'start': 1377.588, 'duration': 1.76}], 'summary': 'Entities contemplate infinity imperfectly. infinites come in different classifications.', 'duration': 25.729, 'max_score': 1353.619, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs81353619.jpg'}, {'end': 1485.892, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1461.687, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 1468.436, 'text': 'but then the question then arises, how do you make it more or less infinite? Yeah, all of that intuition fails completely.', 'start': 1461.687, 'duration': 6.749}, {'end': 1471.12, 'text': 'And I mean how do you represent it in a computer?', 'start': 1468.997, 'duration': 2.123}, {'end': 1476.186, 'text': "right?. It's either some placeholder for infinity or it's one divided by a very the smallest possible.", 'start': 1471.12, 'duration': 5.066}, {'end': 1479.669, 'text': 'um, you know real number that you can represent in the memory.', 'start': 1476.887, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 1485.892, 'text': "well, that's basically my undergraduate study in computer science is how to represent a floating point, a computer.", 'start': 1479.669, 'duration': 6.223}], 'summary': 'Challenges in representing infinity in computer science and the study of floating point representation.', 'duration': 24.205, 'max_score': 1461.687, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs81461687.jpg'}], 'start': 0.089, 'title': 'The impact of og telescope and alternative cosmological theories', 'summary': "Covers the significance of og telescope, remote temperature measurement, and alternative cosmological theories including aeon theory and conformal cyclic cosmology, pointing out limitations and challenges in understanding the universe's initial conditions and discussing the potential dangers of cosmic inflation and its implications on the search for a theory of quantum gravity.", 'chapters': [{'end': 487.835, 'start': 0.089, 'title': 'The og telescope and remote temperature measurement', 'summary': "Discusses the impact of the og telescope on human civilization and the significance of remote temperature measurement using radio telescopes, while also exploring the process of universe's fusion reactor, indicating that most light elements were produced in a time period shorter than the tv show the big bang theory.", 'duration': 487.746, 'highlights': ["The invention of the OG telescope by Hans Lippershey and its transformative impact on human civilization and the way we perceive the universe, with Galileo's significant improvement on the device. Impact of OG telescope on human civilization, Galileo's improvement on the device.", "The significance of telescopes in serving a dual purpose of looking out and looking in, allowing humans to see things as they were in the past, leading to a transformation in human cognition and perception of the universe. Telescopes' dual purpose, transformation in human cognition and perception.", "The remarkable capability of radio telescopes to remotely measure the temperature of distant objects, such as Jupiter, effectively serving as a unique form of 'teleportation' and allowing the understanding of phenomena like the March of the Penguins. Remote temperature measurement using radio telescopes, unique capabilities of radio telescopes.", "Insights into the universe's fusion reactor, where the fusion and production of light elements on the periodic table occurred in a time period shorter than the TV show The Big Bang Theory, leading to the generation of most light elements, including hydrogen, in a brief timespan. Universe's fusion reactor, production of light elements."]}, {'end': 912.889, 'start': 488.555, 'title': 'Alternatives to the big bang theory', 'summary': 'Discusses the limitations of the big bang theory, explores alternative cosmological models, such as aeon theory and conformal cyclic cosmology, and highlights the challenges in understanding the initial conditions of the universe.', 'duration': 424.334, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the limitations of the Big Bang theory and the inability to speculate on events before the first three minutes of the universe. It highlights the uncertainty about events before the preponderance of hydrogen was formed in the universe and the lack of knowledge about that epoch.', 'The chapter explores alternative cosmological models, such as Aeon theory and conformal cyclic cosmology, that challenge the singularity concept and propose cyclical universes. It mentions models proposed by renowned cosmologists, including Sir Roger Penrose, and how they stand in contrast to the singularity-based models, offering the possibility of cyclical universes with no beginning of time.', "The chapter emphasizes the challenge of understanding the initial conditions of the universe, using the analogy of a pendulum's oscillation and the need for initial and boundary conditions in physics. It discusses the difficulty in determining the initial conditions of the universe and their crucial role in understanding the universe's evolution, using the example of a pendulum's oscillation and the necessity of initial and boundary conditions in physics."]}, {'end': 1117.936, 'start': 913.17, 'title': 'Cosmic inflation: a critical evaluation', 'summary': 'Explores the concept of cosmic inflation, discussing its alternatives and the viewpoints of prominent figures such as paul steinhardt, highlighting the potential dangers and consequences associated with inflation and the multiverse.', 'duration': 204.766, 'highlights': ['Paul Steinhardt, a prominent figure in cosmology, has shifted from being a proponent of inflation to actively claiming that inflation is dangerous and malevolent, leading to consequences such as the multiverse, which he believes are outside the purview of science.', 'The chapter delves into the idea of time translation invariance and discusses the bouncing or cyclic cosmologies as alternatives to inflation, emphasizing the serious virtues associated with these theories.', 'The transcript provides insights into the critical evaluation of scientific theories, highlighting the importance of being unpersuaded by the beauty and symmetry of an idea and the significance of experimentalists in challenging theoretical concepts.', 'The discussion touches on the concept of Nobel Prize-winning inflation, distinguishing between cosmic inflation and the inflation recognized by the Nobel Prize in economics, adding an intriguing dimension to the exploration of inflationary theories.']}, {'end': 1329.846, 'start': 1119.017, 'title': 'Cosmic inflation and its negative impacts', 'summary': 'Discusses the implications of cosmic inflation, including its potential to spawn a multiverse, its impact on the search for a theory of quantum gravity, and its philosophical implications, questioning its meaningfulness and predictability.', 'duration': 210.829, 'highlights': ['Cosmic inflation removes the quantum gravity aspect from cosmology, eliminating 50% of the motivation for a theory of quantum gravity. This highlights the significant impact of cosmic inflation on the search for a theory of quantum gravity, quantifying the removal of 50% of the motivation for it.', 'Inflation can lead to the creation of a multiverse, potentially spawning an ever-increasing set of universes, as a robust consequence of inflationary cosmology and string theory. This highlights the potential consequence of cosmic inflation, quantifying its impact on the creation of a multiverse and its relationship to string theory.', 'The theory of cosmic inflation may lead to phenomena that are outside the reach of experimental science, and it may have philosophical implications, making life seem more meaningless. This highlights the potential negative impacts of cosmic inflation, both in terms of its implications for experimental science and its potential philosophical implications, quantifying its impact on the meaningfulness of life.']}, {'end': 1584.352, 'start': 1330.327, 'title': 'Contemplating infinity and its manifestations', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of infinity and its manifestations in the universe, emphasizing human limitations in comprehending it, and the implications of infinite concepts in physics and cosmology, questioning the predictive power of theories like multiverse and inflation.', 'duration': 254.025, 'highlights': ["Humans are the only entities capable of contemplating infinity, but do so very imperfectly. Humans' unique capability to contemplate infinity, but with limitations.", 'The manifestation of infinity through different classifications, such as the number of real numbers and rational numbers, illustrates the complexity of infinities. Illustration of the complexity of infinities through different classifications.', "The discussion on the singularity's infinite temperature raises questions about the contemplation of physical properties like density, pressure, temperature, and energy when they tend towards infinity. Questioning the contemplation of physical properties as they tend towards infinity.", 'Challenges in representing infinity in computer science, including the use of placeholders and the smallest possible real number, highlight the difficulties in capturing infinity in computational systems. Challenges in representing infinity in computer science and computational systems.', 'The debate about the consequences of theories like multiverse and inflation on the real world, questioning their predictive power and implications, highlights the philosophical and practical challenges in cosmology. Debate on the consequences of theories like multiverse and inflation, questioning their predictive power and implications.']}], 'duration': 1584.263, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs889.jpg', 'highlights': ["The invention of the OG telescope by Hans Lippershey and its transformative impact on human civilization and the way we perceive the universe, with Galileo's significant improvement on the device.", "The remarkable capability of radio telescopes to remotely measure the temperature of distant objects, such as Jupiter, effectively serving as a unique form of 'teleportation' and allowing the understanding of phenomena like the March of the Penguins.", 'The significance of telescopes in serving a dual purpose of looking out and looking in, allowing humans to see things as they were in the past, leading to a transformation in human cognition and perception of the universe.', 'The chapter discusses the limitations of the Big Bang theory and the inability to speculate on events before the first three minutes of the universe.', 'The chapter explores alternative cosmological models, such as Aeon theory and conformal cyclic cosmology, that challenge the singularity concept and propose cyclical universes.', 'Paul Steinhardt, a prominent figure in cosmology, has shifted from being a proponent of inflation to actively claiming that inflation is dangerous and malevolent, leading to consequences such as the multiverse, which he believes are outside the purview of science.', 'Cosmic inflation removes the quantum gravity aspect from cosmology, eliminating 50% of the motivation for a theory of quantum gravity.', 'Humans are the only entities capable of contemplating infinity, but do so very imperfectly.', 'The manifestation of infinity through different classifications, such as the number of real numbers and rational numbers, illustrates the complexity of infinities.', 'Challenges in representing infinity in computer science, including the use of placeholders and the smallest possible real number, highlight the difficulties in capturing infinity in computational systems.']}, {'end': 2155.545, 'segs': [{'end': 1618.25, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1584.372, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1584.672, 'text': "I don't know.", 'start': 1584.372, 'duration': 0.3}, {'end': 1591.539, 'text': "You know, what's amazing is how many of the Soviet scientists contributed to so much of what we understand today.", 'start': 1585.017, 'duration': 6.522}, {'end': 1593.279, 'text': 'And they were completely in hiding.', 'start': 1592.099, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 1594.219, 'text': "Like there's no Google.", 'start': 1593.299, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 1595.44, 'text': "They couldn't look up on scholar.", 'start': 1594.239, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 1596.24, 'text': 'They had nothing.', 'start': 1595.68, 'duration': 0.56}, {'end': 1599.661, 'text': 'They had to wait for journals to get approved by the communist party to get approved.', 'start': 1596.26, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 1603.102, 'text': "And then and then, and only then, if they weren't a member of some class.", 'start': 1599.701, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 1605.802, 'text': "I'm sure you know, like Jewish scientists, you had a passport.", 'start': 1603.102, 'duration': 2.7}, {'end': 1607.723, 'text': 'that said Jew on your passport.', 'start': 1605.802, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 1612.706, 'text': 'Yeah, and zeldovich, the famous um, yakov borosovich zeldovich.', 'start': 1607.963, 'duration': 4.743}, {'end': 1618.25, 'text': 'he was the advisor, one of my advisors, alexander polnareff, um, and he had to.', 'start': 1612.706, 'duration': 5.544}], 'summary': 'Soviet scientists made significant contributions despite being in hiding, facing restrictions and discrimination.', 'duration': 33.878, 'max_score': 1584.372, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs81584372.jpg'}, {'end': 1687.061, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1668.187, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1684.619, 'text': "At the same time there is interesting incentives in the Soviet system that maybe we can take this tangent for a brief moment that because there's a dictatorship authoritarian regime throughout the history of the 20th century for the Soviet Union,", 'start': 1668.187, 'duration': 16.432}, {'end': 1687.061, 'text': 'science was prioritized.', 'start': 1685.78, 'duration': 1.281}], 'summary': 'Soviet dictatorship prioritized science in 20th century.', 'duration': 18.874, 'max_score': 1668.187, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs81668187.jpg'}, {'end': 1787.134, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1763.87, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1771.138, 'text': "I mean one of the most famous, tragic to me cases is Fritz Haber, who invented the, you know, Haber Bosch process that allowed us to, I don't know.", 'start': 1763.87, 'duration': 7.268}, {'end': 1771.739, 'text': 'have you eaten yet??', 'start': 1771.138, 'duration': 0.601}, {'end': 1772.62, 'text': 'You look, it looks.', 'start': 1771.779, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 1775.624, 'text': 'I mean I know you fast, intermittent fast every day, and you do that.', 'start': 1772.62, 'duration': 3.004}, {'end': 1778.586, 'text': 'You know, I said Kleb and you got a little drool, but.', 'start': 1776.024, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 1781.069, 'text': "He says, I'm lifting and I look slim.", 'start': 1778.606, 'duration': 2.463}, {'end': 1782.59, 'text': 'This is amazing.', 'start': 1781.449, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 1784.532, 'text': "I'm going to clip this out and put it on Tinder.", 'start': 1782.67, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 1785.433, 'text': "I think that's a website.", 'start': 1784.572, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 1787.134, 'text': 'You got to swipe left or right for that.', 'start': 1785.453, 'duration': 1.681}], 'summary': 'Discussion about fritz haber and intermittent fasting.', 'duration': 23.264, 'max_score': 1763.87, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs81763870.jpg'}, {'end': 1924.45, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1898.983, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1905.67, 'text': "So there's a lot of elements of religiosity to science and to the Nobel Prize that's fascinating to explore.", 'start': 1898.983, 'duration': 6.687}, {'end': 1913.8, 'text': "and we will, and we still haven't finished the discussion of the beginning of the universe, which we'll return to.", 'start': 1906.571, 'duration': 7.229}, {'end': 1924.45, 'text': 'But now, since you opened the book, wow, pun, unintended of losing the Nobel Prize Can you tell me the story of BICEP,', 'start': 1914.14, 'duration': 10.31}], 'summary': 'Exploring religiosity in science and nobel prize, discussing bicep story.', 'duration': 25.467, 'max_score': 1898.983, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs81898983.jpg'}, {'end': 2040.393, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2009.807, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2014.849, 'text': "So, in case people don't know, Brian Keating is the host of Into the Impossible podcast,", 'start': 2009.807, 'duration': 5.042}, {'end': 2022.817, 'text': "where he's talked to some of the greatest scientists in history of science physicists, especially in the history of science.", 'start': 2014.849, 'duration': 7.968}, {'end': 2027.402, 'text': 'So when I talked to Freeman, I said, you know, Freeman, you call yourself an agnostic too.', 'start': 2023.397, 'duration': 4.005}, {'end': 2032.828, 'text': "Can you tell me something? Like, what do you do on Sundays? Do you go to church? He's like, no, I don't go to church.", 'start': 2027.702, 'duration': 5.126}, {'end': 2034.069, 'text': "uh, and i'm like.", 'start': 2033.428, 'duration': 0.641}, {'end': 2040.393, 'text': "well, imagine there was like an intelligent alien and he was looking down or she would z i don't know it.", 'start': 2034.069, 'duration': 6.324}], 'summary': 'Brian keating hosts into the impossible podcast, interviewing leading physicists, including a conversation with freeman about agnosticism and church attendance.', 'duration': 30.586, 'max_score': 2009.807, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs82009807.jpg'}], 'start': 1584.372, 'title': "Soviet scientists' struggle and fritz haber's tragic case", 'summary': "Highlights the challenges faced by soviet scientists including restricted information access and societal value, and discusses fritz haber's personal and ethical conflicts and the exploration of religiosity in science and the nobel prize.", 'chapters': [{'end': 1763.769, 'start': 1584.372, 'title': "Soviet scientists' struggle", 'summary': 'Highlights the challenges faced by soviet scientists, such as restricted access to information, discrimination based on class and religion, and the isolated development of scientific advancements, while also pointing out the unique incentives and societal value placed on scientists in the soviet union.', 'duration': 179.397, 'highlights': ['Soviet scientists faced restricted access to information and discrimination based on class and religion, impacting their ability to conduct research and collaborate with the Western scientific community. Restricted access to information, discrimination based on class and religion, impact on research and collaboration', 'Scientific advancements were developed in isolation from the West, with limited opportunities to interact with prominent figures like Stephen Hawking, showcasing the challenges and heroism of Soviet cosmologists. Isolated development of scientific advancements, limited interactions with Western scientists, challenges and heroism of Soviet cosmologists', 'The Soviet system prioritized science due to the authoritarian regime, leading to scientists being highly valued in society, despite the constraints imposed by the dictatorship. Prioritization of science, societal value of scientists, constraints imposed by the dictatorship']}, {'end': 2155.545, 'start': 1763.87, 'title': 'The tragic case of fritz haber', 'summary': 'Discusses the tragic story of fritz haber, who invented the haber bosch process, leading to the creation of fertilizers, while facing personal and ethical conflicts, and the exploration of religiosity in science and the nobel prize.', 'duration': 391.675, 'highlights': ["Fritz Haber's invention of the Haber Bosch process for fertilizer production, despite personal conflicts, and the subsequent ethical dilemmas and tragedies associated with its use in chemical warfare. Invented the Haber Bosch process, which is widely used in fertilizer production. Witnessed the application of ammonia, chlorine gas during trench warfare. Some of his relatives died in Auschwitz due to the chemical he invented.", 'The exploration of the religiosity in science and the Nobel Prize, and the comparison of scientific worship to religious practices. Discusses the religiosity in science, the Nobel Prize, and the comparison of scientific worship to religious practices.', "The personal journey of the author, Brian Keating, as a scientist, his agnostic beliefs, and the influence of his upbringing in a Jewish family with connections to Catholicism. Brian Keating's personal journey as a scientist and his agnostic beliefs influenced by his upbringing in a Jewish family with connections to Catholicism."]}], 'duration': 571.173, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs81584372.jpg', 'highlights': ['Invented the Haber Bosch process, which is widely used in fertilizer production. Witnessed the application of ammonia, chlorine gas during trench warfare. Some of his relatives died in Auschwitz due to the chemical he invented.', 'The Soviet system prioritized science due to the authoritarian regime, leading to scientists being highly valued in society, despite the constraints imposed by the dictatorship.', 'Scientific advancements were developed in isolation from the West, with limited opportunities to interact with prominent figures like Stephen Hawking, showcasing the challenges and heroism of Soviet cosmologists.', 'Discuss the religiosity in science, the Nobel Prize, and the comparison of scientific worship to religious practices.', "Brian Keating's personal journey as a scientist and his agnostic beliefs influenced by his upbringing in a Jewish family with connections to Catholicism.", 'Soviet scientists faced restricted access to information and discrimination based on class and religion, impacting their ability to conduct research and collaborate with the Western scientific community.']}, {'end': 3329.937, 'segs': [{'end': 2205.992, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2177.737, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2179.637, 'text': 'But in this case, I was 13.', 'start': 2177.737, 'duration': 1.9}, {'end': 2188.261, 'text': "I don't know if you remember when you were 13,, but if you extrapolate the next level up, it's like you go graduate student, postdoc professor.", 'start': 2179.637, 'duration': 8.624}, {'end': 2191.782, 'text': 'the next level up from confirmation altar boy is priest.', 'start': 2188.261, 'duration': 3.521}, {'end': 2196.945, 'text': "and I don't know if you're aware of this, but priests are not entitled to have relations with women.", 'start': 2192.282, 'duration': 4.663}, {'end': 2205.271, 'text': "And, as a 13 year old boy, kind of like future casting what life's gonna be like for myself if I continue on my path.", 'start': 2197.586, 'duration': 7.685}, {'end': 2205.992, 'text': 'I found it.', 'start': 2205.271, 'duration': 0.721}], 'summary': 'At age 13, i discovered a future path towards priesthood with strict rules.', 'duration': 28.255, 'max_score': 2177.737, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs82177737.jpg'}, {'end': 2320.269, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2291.31, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2297.533, 'text': "So this telescope's a very precious thing, in some ways a symbol of what got me into.", 'start': 2291.31, 'duration': 6.223}, {'end': 2299.234, 'text': 'you know what brought me.', 'start': 2297.533, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 2302.116, 'text': 'all the blessings I have in my life came from a telescope.', 'start': 2299.234, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 2310.181, 'text': 'And I always advise parents or even people for themselves you right here wherever we are a biggest city on earth, manhattan,', 'start': 2302.496, 'duration': 7.685}, {'end': 2311.702, 'text': 'where i was growing up as a 12 year old.', 'start': 2310.181, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 2320.269, 'text': 'outside of manhattan, you can see the exact same craters on the moon, the same rings of saturn, the same moons of jupiter, the same phases of v.', 'start': 2311.702, 'duration': 8.567}], 'summary': 'Telescope is a symbol of blessings, enabling view of celestial wonders from manhattan.', 'duration': 28.959, 'max_score': 2291.31, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs82291310.jpg'}, {'end': 2772.496, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2749.6, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2757.044, 'text': "but to go into only the most challenging, interesting things with the limited time that we have while we're alive.", 'start': 2749.6, 'duration': 7.444}, {'end': 2759.144, 'text': 'And for him, it was the foundations of quantum mechanics.', 'start': 2757.164, 'duration': 1.98}, {'end': 2763.707, 'text': 'For me, it was the foundations of the universe, and how did it come to be?', 'start': 2759.785, 'duration': 3.922}, {'end': 2767.25, 'text': 'And I felt like Well, people have been trying since Einstein to outdo Einstein,', 'start': 2763.767, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 2772.496, 'text': 'really have made great progress in the foundations of quantum mechanics, but this is an exciting time.', 'start': 2767.25, 'duration': 5.246}], 'summary': "Exploring foundations of quantum mechanics and universe's origins, significant progress made since einstein.", 'duration': 22.896, 'max_score': 2749.6, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs82749600.jpg'}, {'end': 2999.291, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2972.713, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2977.777, 'text': 'Like I knew astronomers knew these answers, like the universe at that time, between 10 and 20 billion years old.', 'start': 2972.713, 'duration': 5.064}, {'end': 2981.42, 'text': "Now we know it's 13.872 billion years old.", 'start': 2978.218, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 2985.143, 'text': "It's incredible the five digit, you know, for significant, five- What is it again? 13.", 'start': 2981.78, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 2985.684, 'text': '13.872 billion years.', 'start': 2985.143, 'duration': 0.541}, {'end': 2990.447, 'text': '872 million.', 'start': 2989.466, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 2995.309, 'text': "So is there a lot of plus or minus on that? What are the error bars on that? For me, I'm 50.", 'start': 2990.907, 'duration': 4.402}, {'end': 2999.291, 'text': 'So it would be the equivalent of you looking at me and telling me within 12 hours how old I am.', 'start': 2995.309, 'duration': 3.982}], 'summary': "Astronomers have determined the universe's age to be 13.872 billion years, with a precision akin to guessing someone's age within 12 hours at 50 years old.", 'duration': 26.578, 'max_score': 2972.713, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs82972713.jpg'}, {'end': 3299.415, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3266.253, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3270.555, 'text': 'We see things at 45 billion light years distance in that direction.', 'start': 3266.253, 'duration': 4.302}, {'end': 3276.538, 'text': 'And we see things at 45 billion light years in that direction, just turning our telescopes 180 degrees away.', 'start': 3271.095, 'duration': 5.443}, {'end': 3282.221, 'text': 'So that means we see things that themselves are 90 billion light years away from each other.', 'start': 3276.858, 'duration': 5.363}, {'end': 3284.782, 'text': "That's sort of the diameter of the observable universe.", 'start': 3282.541, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 3288.403, 'text': "Is there another universe beyond that? We don't know, so I'm conjecture.", 'start': 3285.362, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 3290.985, 'text': "There's not only one, there's an infinite number of them.", 'start': 3288.423, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 3299.415, 'text': "How are you emotionally okay with the fact that our universe is expanding? It's gonna be like Annie Hall, like with Alvy Singer.", 'start': 3291.265, 'duration': 8.15}], 'summary': 'The observable universe has a diameter of 90 billion light years, and there may be an infinite number of universes.', 'duration': 33.162, 'max_score': 3266.253, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs83266253.jpg'}], 'start': 2155.985, 'title': 'Personal journeys and universal wonders', 'summary': "Explores personal experiences with catholicism and a teenage decision, an inspirational journey of an astrophysicist, and the significance of the calendar and universe's age, highlighting unique perspectives and insights into human spirituality and scientific exploration.", 'chapters': [{'end': 2219.811, 'start': 2155.985, 'title': 'Exploring catholicism and a teenage decision', 'summary': "Explores the speaker's deep involvement in catholicism, from being an altar boy to considering becoming a priest at 13, leading to a realization about his future path.", 'duration': 63.826, 'highlights': ["The speaker's commitment to Catholicism is evident from being baptized, confirmed, and serving as an altar boy, showcasing serious skills in encouraging extra contributions, demonstrating a deep involvement in the faith.", 'At 13, the speaker contemplates the next level up from being an altar boy, which is becoming a priest, but realizes the implications of not being entitled to have relations with women, leading to a significant gap in his envisioned future path.', "The speaker's introspective moment at 13, considering his future path and the realization that being a priest would not align with his desires, showcases a critical decision-making process at a pivotal age."]}, {'end': 2898.139, 'start': 2219.811, 'title': 'Inspirational journey of an astrophysicist', 'summary': 'Details the profound impact of a childhood telescope in igniting the passion for science, leading to unique experiences and lessons, culminating in the pursuit of experimental astrophysics and the thirst for understanding the universe, emphasizing the visceral connection and the academic journey of a scientist.', 'duration': 678.328, 'highlights': ["The transformative impact of a childhood telescope in sparking a passion for science and replicating Galileo's observations, leading to a deep connection with the universe and the pursuit of experimental astrophysics. Transformative impact of childhood telescope, replication of Galileo's observations, pursuit of experimental astrophysics.", "The advice to parents to encourage their children's interest in astronomy through the use of a telescope, promoting a hands-on approach to science and fostering early scientific exploration and research. Encouragement for children's interest in astronomy, fostering early scientific exploration and research.", "The academic journey of a scientist likened to the 'academic Hunger Games,' highlighting the fierce competition for limited positions in higher education and research, underscoring the courage and challenges of aspiring scientists. Comparison of academic journey to 'academic Hunger Games,' fierce competition for limited positions, challenges of aspiring scientists.", "The pursuit of understanding the foundations of quantum mechanics and the universe, driven by a desire to engage in challenging and intellectually stimulating endeavors, drawing inspiration from the journey of the speaker's father. Pursuit of understanding quantum mechanics and the universe, inspiration from the speaker's father's journey.", 'The aspiration to comprehend the source of experimental signals in physics, equating it to understanding the primary essence of theoretical physics and the human mind, emphasizing the fundamental nature of the signal and its origin. Aspiration to comprehend the source of experimental signals, emphasis on the fundamental nature of the signal and its origin.']}, {'end': 3329.937, 'start': 2898.719, 'title': "Significance of the calendar and universe's age", 'summary': "Discusses the significance of certain days on the calendar, with new year's eve being highlighted, and delves into the precision of measuring the universe's age, emphasizing the surprising accuracy of 13.872 billion years and the expansion of the observable universe.", 'duration': 431.218, 'highlights': ["The precision of measuring the universe's age is highlighted, emphasizing the surprising accuracy of 13.872 billion years, equivalent to a half a percent level accuracy. Measuring the universe's age with a surprising accuracy of 13.872 billion years, which is equivalent to a half a percent level accuracy.", 'The expansion of the observable universe is discussed, emphasizing the ability to see things approximately three times the age of the universe away from us, indicating the diameter of the observable universe to be around 90 billion light years. Discussion on the expansion of the observable universe and the ability to see things approximately three times the age of the universe away from us, indicating the diameter of the observable universe to be around 90 billion light years.', "The significance of certain days on the calendar is discussed, with New Year's Eve being highlighted as a significant day for many people. Discussion on the significance of certain days on the calendar, with New Year's Eve being highlighted as a significant day for many people."]}], 'duration': 1173.952, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs82155985.jpg', 'highlights': ["The speaker's introspective moment at 13, considering his future path and the realization that being a priest would not align with his desires, showcases a critical decision-making process at a pivotal age.", "The transformative impact of a childhood telescope in sparking a passion for science and replicating Galileo's observations, leading to a deep connection with the universe and the pursuit of experimental astrophysics.", "The pursuit of understanding the foundations of quantum mechanics and the universe, driven by a desire to engage in challenging and intellectually stimulating endeavors, drawing inspiration from the journey of the speaker's father.", "Measuring the universe's age with a surprising accuracy of 13.872 billion years, which is equivalent to a half a percent level accuracy.", 'The expansion of the observable universe is discussed, emphasizing the ability to see things approximately three times the age of the universe away from us, indicating the diameter of the observable universe to be around 90 billion light years.']}, {'end': 4197.538, 'segs': [{'end': 3437.667, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3405.09, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3408.312, 'text': "There's actually, I'm gonna say, this is gonna set your friends up.", 'start': 3405.09, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 3416.457, 'text': "There's 420 photons from the fusion of the light elements that we call the cosmic microwave background inside that box at any second.", 'start': 3408.472, 'duration': 7.985}, {'end': 3418.458, 'text': 'Okay All right, hold on a second.', 'start': 3416.617, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 3422.82, 'text': "What? 420, that's, I've heard of that number before.", 'start': 3418.538, 'duration': 4.282}, {'end': 3425.522, 'text': "All right, let's- It used to be 69, but then they changed it.", 'start': 3422.84, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 3428.724, 'text': 'Wow, physics works in mysterious ways.', 'start': 3426.823, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 3431.225, 'text': "In a millimeter box, it's 69.", 'start': 3429.304, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 3437.667, 'text': "What are we talking about here? What's in the box? That's right.", 'start': 3431.225, 'duration': 6.442}], 'summary': '420 photons from cosmic microwave background fuse in the box.', 'duration': 32.577, 'max_score': 3405.09, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs83405090.jpg'}, {'end': 3768.444, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3744.625, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3752.01, 'text': "we're using them to try to confirm if or if not inflation occurred.", 'start': 3744.625, 'duration': 7.385}, {'end': 3757.815, 'text': 'so did inflation the spark that ignited the fusion of the elements in the early part of the universe and the expansion,', 'start': 3752.01, 'duration': 5.805}, {'end': 3759.516, 'text': 'the initial expansion of the universe?', 'start': 3757.815, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 3760.617, 'text': 'did that take place?', 'start': 3759.516, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 3768.444, 'text': "there's only one way that cosmologists believe we could ever see that through the imprint of these primordial gravitational waves,", 'start': 3760.617, 'duration': 7.827}], 'summary': "Cosmologists are using primordial gravitational waves to confirm inflation and the early universe's expansion.", 'duration': 23.819, 'max_score': 3744.625, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs83744625.jpg'}, {'end': 3833.991, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3809.327, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3817.87, 'text': 'like barry used and his colleagues, but instead using the cmb, the light, the primordial ancient fossils of the universe,', 'start': 3809.327, 'duration': 8.543}, {'end': 3819.59, 'text': 'the oldest light in the universe.', 'start': 3817.87, 'duration': 1.72}, {'end': 3827.229, 'text': "we're going to use that as a film quote, unquote, onto which gravitational waves get exposed, And hope you can.", 'start': 3819.59, 'duration': 7.639}, {'end': 3828.63, 'text': 'so what are the challenges there?', 'start': 3827.229, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 3831.39, 'text': 'to get enough accuracy for the exposure?', 'start': 3828.63, 'duration': 2.76}, {'end': 3833.991, 'text': 'So the signal, as I said.', 'start': 3831.89, 'duration': 2.101}], 'summary': 'Using the oldest light in the universe as a film to capture gravitational waves presents challenges in achieving accuracy for exposure.', 'duration': 24.664, 'max_score': 3809.327, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs83809327.jpg'}, {'end': 3927.197, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3900.218, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3903.621, 'text': 'My father won all these prizes, awards, et cetera, but he never won a Nobel Prize.', 'start': 3900.218, 'duration': 3.403}, {'end': 3907.405, 'text': 'And some parents in America, they compete with their kids.', 'start': 3904.222, 'duration': 3.183}, {'end': 3909.447, 'text': 'Oh, I was a football player in high school.', 'start': 3907.765, 'duration': 1.682}, {'end': 3910.107, 'text': "I'll show you.", 'start': 3909.467, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 3911.468, 'text': 'And whatever, wrestling, whatever.', 'start': 3910.147, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 3912.749, 'text': 'And some of us could be healthy too.', 'start': 3911.488, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 3917.112, 'text': "But with me and my dad, it wasn't super healthy.", 'start': 3913.87, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 3923.035, 'text': 'We would compete and he was much more of a pure mathematician and I was an experimental physicist.', 'start': 3917.812, 'duration': 5.223}, {'end': 3927.197, 'text': 'So we had both different ideas in what was worth prioritizing our time.', 'start': 3923.075, 'duration': 4.122}], 'summary': 'Father and son competed in achievements, with differing priorities in mathematics and physics.', 'duration': 26.979, 'max_score': 3900.218, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs83900218.jpg'}], 'start': 3329.977, 'title': 'Understanding universe and nobel prize pursuit', 'summary': 'Covers misconceptions about the expanding universe, photon presence in space, and the quest for the nobel prize through innovative research and the creation of bicep one.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3365.411, 'start': 3329.977, 'title': 'Expanding universe and misconceptions', 'summary': "Discusses the misconception of a child about the expanding universe and the humorous conversation with his mother, emphasizing that brooklyn and the solar system are not expanding, and humorously linking the concept with elon musk's rocket.", 'duration': 35.434, 'highlights': ["The child's misconception about the expanding universe and the humorous conversation with his mother, emphasizing that Brooklyn and the solar system are not expanding.", "The question about what the universe is expanding into and the humorous comparison to Elon Musk's rocket."]}, {'end': 3874.796, 'start': 3365.411, 'title': 'Photons, neutrinos, and gravitational waves', 'summary': 'Explores the contents of a cubic centimeter in space, revealing the presence of 420 photons from the cosmic microwave background, large numbers of particles and the use of gravitational waves to confirm the occurrence of inflation.', 'duration': 509.385, 'highlights': ["There are 420 photons from the cosmic microwave background inside a cubic centimeter in space, revealing the richness of the universe's particle content.", 'Gravitational waves are being utilized to confirm the occurrence of inflation and the expansion of the universe, by capturing their imprint on the oldest light in the universe, the cosmic microwave background.', 'The challenge lies in accurately measuring the polarization of the photons, which is essential for detecting the effects of gravitational waves on the cosmic microwave background.']}, {'end': 4197.538, 'start': 3876.417, 'title': 'The quest for the nobel prize', 'summary': 'Discusses the origin story and rivalry between a father and son, the pursuit of the nobel prize, and the creation of bicep one to study the inflationary epoch of the universe, aiming for a groundbreaking discovery.', 'duration': 321.121, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the origin story and rivalry between a father and son, the pursuit of the Nobel Prize. Father-son rivalry, pursuit of Nobel Prize, competitive nature.', 'The creation of Bicep One to study the inflationary epoch of the universe, aiming for a groundbreaking discovery. Creation of Bicep One, study of inflationary epoch, pursuit of groundbreaking discovery.']}], 'duration': 867.561, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs83329977.jpg', 'highlights': ['The challenge lies in accurately measuring the polarization of the photons, essential for detecting the effects of gravitational waves on the cosmic microwave background.', 'Gravitational waves are being utilized to confirm the occurrence of inflation and the expansion of the universe, capturing their imprint on the oldest light in the universe, the cosmic microwave background.', 'The creation of Bicep One to study the inflationary epoch of the universe, aiming for a groundbreaking discovery.', 'The chapter discusses the origin story and rivalry between a father and son, the pursuit of the Nobel Prize.', "There are 420 photons from the cosmic microwave background inside a cubic centimeter in space, revealing the richness of the universe's particle content."]}, {'end': 4770.593, 'segs': [{'end': 4262.961, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4237.907, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4243.39, 'text': 'very close to flat, along with a preceding experiment done at Princeton by Lyman Page and other collaborators.', 'start': 4237.907, 'duration': 5.483}, {'end': 4245.071, 'text': 'So the shape of the universe is flat.', 'start': 4243.41, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 4247.032, 'text': 'The geometry of the universe is flat.', 'start': 4245.251, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 4251.375, 'text': 'How did he do that experiment? So he used the cosmic microwave background.', 'start': 4247.833, 'duration': 3.542}, {'end': 4255.437, 'text': 'And so what I said is you have to look for triangles in the universe.', 'start': 4251.975, 'duration': 3.462}, {'end': 4256.858, 'text': 'So you can measure triangles on Earth.', 'start': 4255.457, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 4257.558, 'text': 'You can.', 'start': 4256.878, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 4262.961, 'text': "actually, it's hard to show that the Earth is curved, but you can show the Earth is curved using triangles, mountaintops, et cetera,", 'start': 4257.558, 'duration': 5.403}], 'summary': "The universe's geometry is flat, measured using cosmic microwave background and triangles on earth.", 'duration': 25.054, 'max_score': 4237.907, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs84237907.jpg'}, {'end': 4424.696, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4398.408, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4404.291, 'text': "using this thing called hierarchical equal area triangles, called heel picks, is what it's called.", 'start': 4398.408, 'duration': 5.883}, {'end': 4409.718, 'text': 'Just stitch all this stuff together and stitch it together very accurately.', 'start': 4404.751, 'duration': 4.967}, {'end': 4414.484, 'text': 'Yeah Get high statistical significance in order to reduce the statistical errors.', 'start': 4409.738, 'duration': 4.746}, {'end': 4419.231, 'text': 'Very clean signal and measurement device to reduce the systematic errors.', 'start': 4415.005, 'duration': 4.226}, {'end': 4422.195, 'text': 'Those are the two predominant sources of error in any measurement.', 'start': 4419.271, 'duration': 2.924}, {'end': 4424.696, 'text': 'Those that can be improved by more and more measurement.', 'start': 4422.795, 'duration': 1.901}], 'summary': 'Using hierarchical equal area triangles (heel picks) for accurate stitching to achieve high statistical significance and reduce systematic errors in measurements.', 'duration': 26.288, 'max_score': 4398.408, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs84398408.jpg'}, {'end': 4589.534, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4561.201, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4567.083, 'text': '20th of the temperature of the cosmic background itself, which is the coolest temperature in the whole universe.', 'start': 4561.201, 'duration': 5.882}, {'end': 4572.325, 'text': 'so we had to cool these down to about 0.1 or 0.2 degrees kelvin above absolute zero.', 'start': 4567.083, 'duration': 5.242}, {'end': 4579.327, 'text': 'to do that, we need to put it inside of a huge vacuum chamber and suck out all the air molecules and water molecules and take it to a very,', 'start': 4572.325, 'duration': 7.002}, {'end': 4584.929, 'text': 'very special place called the south pole, antarctica, from which i retrieved for you a patch there.', 'start': 4579.327, 'duration': 5.602}, {'end': 4589.534, 'text': 'it is over there, So when you go there, you get these bright red jackets.', 'start': 4584.929, 'duration': 4.605}], 'summary': 'Cooling to 0.1-0.2k using vacuum chamber at south pole, antarctica.', 'duration': 28.333, 'max_score': 4561.201, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs84561201.jpg'}, {'end': 4665.95, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4601.601, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4604.844, 'text': 'and the base is called the Amundsen-Scott South Polar Station.', 'start': 4601.601, 'duration': 3.243}, {'end': 4611.65, 'text': "So it's a little known fact of geopolitics that whatever country occupies a region has ownership over it.", 'start': 4605.484, 'duration': 6.166}, {'end': 4616.914, 'text': "Now there is a treaty in Antarctica, you can't use it for military purposes, for mining, et cetera, et cetera.", 'start': 4611.97, 'duration': 4.944}, {'end': 4621.338, 'text': "But I don't know if you know, but about 12 years ago, Putin sent a submarine to the North Pole.", 'start': 4616.934, 'duration': 4.404}, {'end': 4626.522, 'text': "Now there's no land at the North Pole, right? So what did he do? He stuck it on the ocean underneath.", 'start': 4621.358, 'duration': 5.164}, {'end': 4634.329, 'text': 'But the South Pole is on a continent called Antarctica, which was first reached about 110 years ago, the first time in human history.', 'start': 4627.843, 'duration': 6.486}, {'end': 4637.671, 'text': 'Antarctica means the opposite of the bear.', 'start': 4635.449, 'duration': 2.222}, {'end': 4641.534, 'text': 'It means like no bears there, basically opposite of where polar bears are.', 'start': 4637.691, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 4643.076, 'text': 'Arctic means polar bear.', 'start': 4641.735, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 4645.017, 'text': "That's where, in Greek.", 'start': 4643.176, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 4647.719, 'text': 'Yeah So Antarctica means the opposite place of that.', 'start': 4645.217, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 4652.183, 'text': 'So humans never even saw it, let alone went to the South Pole, which is kind of in the middle of that continent.', 'start': 4647.759, 'duration': 4.424}, {'end': 4656.607, 'text': 'We went to take this telescope somewhere extremely dry.', 'start': 4653.604, 'duration': 3.003}, {'end': 4663.649, 'text': "It turns out the Sahara Desert, San Diego, Texas, there's no place like the South Pole or Chile.", 'start': 4657.327, 'duration': 6.322}, {'end': 4665.95, 'text': 'Those are the two premier places on Earth.', 'start': 4663.769, 'duration': 2.181}], 'summary': "Antarctica's south pole is a key geographical and scientific location with no bears, and premier for telescopes.", 'duration': 64.349, 'max_score': 4601.601, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs84601601.jpg'}, {'end': 4750.382, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4706.024, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4708.526, 'text': "to get absorbed in some water molecule in the Earth's atmosphere.", 'start': 4706.024, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 4713.99, 'text': 'So you take it to a place with the fewest number of water molecules per square centimeter of surface area.', 'start': 4709.066, 'duration': 4.924}, {'end': 4719.895, 'text': 'And that happens to be either Chile or my other project, the Simons Observatory is located, or you take it to the South Pole.', 'start': 4714.47, 'duration': 5.425}, {'end': 4725.56, 'text': 'We took it to the South Pole and spent a couple of months of my life down there.', 'start': 4720.715, 'duration': 4.845}, {'end': 4728.683, 'text': "And it's like being on Hoth.", 'start': 4726.161, 'duration': 2.522}, {'end': 4732.467, 'text': "It's a completely otherworldly environment.", 'start': 4729.484, 'duration': 2.983}, {'end': 4735.47, 'text': 'Ice, planar, flat as a pancake.', 'start': 4732.828, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 4739.274, 'text': 'And the buildings are built up on stilts.', 'start': 4737.613, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 4742.477, 'text': "They're built up because the snow will otherwise cover them over.", 'start': 4739.935, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 4746.399, 'text': 'The nearest medical facilities are 4,000 miles away.', 'start': 4743.397, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 4750.382, 'text': 'If you have any issues with your wisdom teeth, they yank them before you go down there.', 'start': 4746.84, 'duration': 3.542}], 'summary': 'Experiment conducted at south pole for low water molecule environment, with medical facilities 4000 miles away.', 'duration': 44.358, 'max_score': 4706.024, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs84706024.jpg'}], 'start': 4197.618, 'title': "Measuring the universe's flat geometry and antarctica's south pole expedition", 'summary': "Discusses andrew lang's experiment measuring the universe's flat geometry using cosmic microwave background and the significance of the south pole, including the international treaty, expedition challenges, and its importance for scientific research.", 'chapters': [{'end': 4579.327, 'start': 4197.618, 'title': "Measuring the universe's flat geometry", 'summary': "Discusses andrew lang's experiment that measured the universe's flat geometry using cosmic microwave background, involving triangles based on proto-galaxy sized objects, which had 44,000 patches to build accurate statistics, leading to the creation of hierarchical equal area triangles and machine learning algorithms.", 'duration': 381.709, 'highlights': ["Andrew Lang's experiment measured the universe's flat geometry using cosmic microwave background, involving triangles based on proto-galaxy sized objects, which had 44,000 patches to build accurate statistics. The experiment measured the universe's flat geometry using cosmic microwave background, utilizing proto-galaxy sized objects to form triangles and had 44,000 patches to build accurate statistics.", "Creation of hierarchical equal area triangles and machine learning algorithms were based on Andrew Lang's experiment and are still used today for data analysis. Andrew Lang's experiment led to the creation of hierarchical equal area triangles and machine learning algorithms, which are still used today for data analysis.", 'The experiment involved the use of very sensitive detectors, cooled to about 0.1 or 0.2 degrees kelvin above absolute zero, placed inside a huge vacuum chamber to eliminate air and water molecules. The experiment involved using very sensitive detectors, cooled to about 0.1 or 0.2 degrees kelvin above absolute zero, placed inside a huge vacuum chamber to eliminate air and water molecules.']}, {'end': 4770.593, 'start': 4579.327, 'title': 'Antarctica: the south pole expedition', 'summary': 'Explores the unique geopolitical and scientific significance of the south pole, including the international treaty, expedition challenges, and the importance of its dry environment for scientific research.', 'duration': 191.266, 'highlights': ['The South Pole is located in Antarctica, which is protected by a treaty prohibiting military and mining activities. The South Pole is located in Antarctica, which is protected by a treaty prohibiting military and mining activities.', "The South Pole was first reached about 110 years ago, and its name 'Antarctica' means the opposite of where polar bears are. The South Pole was first reached about 110 years ago, and its name 'Antarctica' means the opposite of where polar bears are.", 'The South Pole and Chile are noted as the two premier places on Earth for being extremely dry, suitable for scientific research. The South Pole and Chile are noted as the two premier places on Earth for being extremely dry, suitable for scientific research.', 'The unique dry environment of the South Pole is crucial for scientific research, as it minimizes water molecules that could interfere with scientific measurements. The unique dry environment of the South Pole is crucial for scientific research, as it minimizes water molecules that could interfere with scientific measurements.', 'The South Pole is described as an otherworldly environment, with extreme conditions that require medical preparations before visiting. The South Pole is described as an otherworldly environment, with extreme conditions that require medical preparations before visiting.']}], 'duration': 572.975, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs84197618.jpg', 'highlights': ["Andrew Lang's experiment measured the universe's flat geometry using cosmic microwave background, involving triangles based on proto-galaxy sized objects, which had 44,000 patches to build accurate statistics.", "Creation of hierarchical equal area triangles and machine learning algorithms were based on Andrew Lang's experiment and are still used today for data analysis.", 'The experiment involved the use of very sensitive detectors, cooled to about 0.1 or 0.2 degrees kelvin above absolute zero, placed inside a huge vacuum chamber to eliminate air and water molecules.', 'The South Pole is located in Antarctica, which is protected by a treaty prohibiting military and mining activities.', 'The unique dry environment of the South Pole is crucial for scientific research, as it minimizes water molecules that could interfere with scientific measurements.', 'The South Pole and Chile are noted as the two premier places on Earth for being extremely dry, suitable for scientific research.', "The South Pole was first reached about 110 years ago, and its name 'Antarctica' means the opposite of where polar bears are.", 'The South Pole is described as an otherworldly environment, with extreme conditions that require medical preparations before visiting.']}, {'end': 5715.208, 'segs': [{'end': 4836.069, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4771.293, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4775.794, 'text': "And we go to those great lengths because it's a pristine environment to observe these precious photons.", 'start': 4771.293, 'duration': 4.501}, {'end': 4780.136, 'text': 'And we built this telescope and it weighs tens of thousands of pounds.', 'start': 4776.615, 'duration': 3.521}, {'end': 4784.538, 'text': "And it had to scan the sky almost like it's a robot.", 'start': 4780.776, 'duration': 3.762}, {'end': 4787.12, 'text': "I mean, it's scanning the sky almost unattended.", 'start': 4784.659, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 4792.563, 'text': 'We have a guy who spends a year of his life down there, a girl who spends a year of their life down there.', 'start': 4788.481, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 4794.024, 'text': "They're called winter overs.", 'start': 4793.003, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 4798.627, 'text': "They arrive in sometimes as early as November and they don't leave until the following December.", 'start': 4794.344, 'duration': 4.283}, {'end': 4801.808, 'text': "And we always joke, we'll pay you $75,000.", 'start': 4799.327, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 4804.39, 'text': 'You just have to work for one night of your life.', 'start': 4801.808, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 4805.15, 'text': "That's all.", 'start': 4804.45, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 4807.112, 'text': "It's a long night.", 'start': 4806.331, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 4814.156, 'text': "And what BICEP is, and I couldn't bring my polarized sunglasses here, so I brought these actual polarizers here.", 'start': 4807.992, 'duration': 6.164}, {'end': 4820.72, 'text': 'So if you take this and put it in front of your telescope there, you have now made a polarimeter.', 'start': 4814.556, 'duration': 6.164}, {'end': 4823.601, 'text': 'You have made a polarization-sensitive telescope.', 'start': 4821.22, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 4829.025, 'text': 'Now, you may not be able to immediately know how you would use such a thing, but one way to think about it.', 'start': 4824.182, 'duration': 4.843}, {'end': 4832.447, 'text': 'now take this guy and look at a light.', 'start': 4829.025, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 4836.069, 'text': 'look at a light source, put one up to your eye and now put the other one in front of it.', 'start': 4832.447, 'duration': 3.622}], 'summary': 'Telescope weighs tens of thousands of pounds, winter overs spend a year there, and joke about paying $75,000 for one night of work.', 'duration': 64.776, 'max_score': 4771.293, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs84771293.jpg'}, {'end': 4970.636, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4943.456, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4948.298, 'text': 'So this is a special type of material that, um, separates light based on its polarization.', 'start': 4943.456, 'duration': 4.842}, {'end': 4951.199, 'text': 'Pretty clean bi signal.', 'start': 4948.458, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 4953.9, 'text': "Yeah It's, it's cleanly too.", 'start': 4951.499, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 4956.561, 'text': "Yeah I'm seeing, I'm seeing too very cleanly.", 'start': 4954.58, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 4957.582, 'text': "It's very crisp, right.", 'start': 4956.781, 'duration': 0.801}, {'end': 4959.704, 'text': "So that's yours to keep with every time you host me.", 'start': 4957.602, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 4962.527, 'text': 'Now, take the polarizer underneath your left hand.', 'start': 4960.025, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 4967.933, 'text': 'Yep Put it on top of the crystal and kind of move it back and forth.', 'start': 4963.408, 'duration': 4.525}, {'end': 4970.636, 'text': 'Wow This is incredible.', 'start': 4967.973, 'duration': 2.663}], 'summary': 'Material separates light by polarization, with crisp results. impressive demonstration.', 'duration': 27.18, 'max_score': 4943.456, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs84943456.jpg'}, {'end': 5052.542, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5029.841, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 5037.707, 'text': 'and and this has to be done at temperatures close to absolute zero, under vacuum conditions, one billionth of the pressure we feel here at sea level.', 'start': 5029.841, 'duration': 7.866}, {'end': 5042.417, 'text': 'So why is it that this kind of device could win a Nobel Prize?', 'start': 5038.635, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 5047.039, 'text': 'So when the CMB was discovered, it was discovered serendipitously.', 'start': 5043.177, 'duration': 3.862}, {'end': 5052.542, 'text': 'There were two radio astronomers working at the time at Bell Laboratories.', 'start': 5047.3, 'duration': 5.242}], 'summary': 'Research conducted at temperatures close to absolute zero, under vacuum conditions, led to the serendipitous discovery of the cmb by two radio astronomers at bell laboratories.', 'duration': 22.701, 'max_score': 5029.841, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs85029841.jpg'}, {'end': 5341.222, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5310.2, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 5312.2, 'text': "You do get kind of a measurement if they're close in weight.", 'start': 5310.2, 'duration': 2}, {'end': 5313.301, 'text': "That's why they use four Kelvin.", 'start': 5312.32, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 5314.046, 'text': 'Got it.', 'start': 5313.806, 'duration': 0.24}, {'end': 5321.17, 'text': "Just to linger on the fact that there's a romantic element to the fact that you're arriving at the same temperature.", 'start': 5314.787, 'duration': 6.383}, {'end': 5322.591, 'text': "That's fascinating.", 'start': 5321.21, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 5326.413, 'text': "You're measuring signal in terms of temperature at the source.", 'start': 5322.631, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 5331.036, 'text': "There's something about temperature that's intimate.", 'start': 5328.975, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 5332.437, 'text': "Yeah It's cool.", 'start': 5331.256, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 5341.222, 'text': 'Yeah, Especially since all life is basically conversion of energy and trying to control entropy, which is then related to thermodynamics,', 'start': 5332.557, 'duration': 8.665}], 'summary': 'Measuring signal in terms of temperature, with a romantic element, related to thermodynamics.', 'duration': 31.022, 'max_score': 5310.2, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs85310200.jpg'}, {'end': 5437.701, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5394.246, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 5400.968, 'text': 'They ended up discovering the heat left over from the fusion of helium from hydrogen, et cetera.', 'start': 5394.246, 'duration': 6.722}, {'end': 5403.029, 'text': 'And that was a serendipitous discovery.', 'start': 5401.808, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 5404.669, 'text': 'They won the Nobel Prize in 1978.', 'start': 5403.049, 'duration': 1.62}, {'end': 5406.89, 'text': 'It was the first one ever awarded in cosmology.', 'start': 5404.669, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 5411.731, 'text': 'My reasoning is what if you could explain not only how the elements got formed,', 'start': 5407.71, 'duration': 4.021}, {'end': 5416.773, 'text': 'but how the whole universe got formed? and kill off every other model of science.', 'start': 5411.731, 'duration': 5.042}, {'end': 5418.414, 'text': "so if that weren't enough,", 'start': 5416.773, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 5427.857, 'text': 'every scientist you know worth his or her salt had told me and andrew lang and and our colleagues this is a slam dunk nobel prize if you could do it,', 'start': 5418.414, 'duration': 9.443}, {'end': 5430.658, 'text': 'because it was really explaining again the stakes of this.', 'start': 5427.857, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 5433.879, 'text': 'science is different than, like super fluidity, plasma physics.', 'start': 5430.658, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 5437.701, 'text': 'when you talk about the origin of the universe, It ties into everything.', 'start': 5433.879, 'duration': 3.822}], 'summary': 'Serendipitous discovery of heat from fusion led to nobel prize in 1978, first in cosmology.', 'duration': 43.455, 'max_score': 5394.246, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs85394246.jpg'}, {'end': 5666.005, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5640.665, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 5645.391, 'text': 'they are just exquisitely making these sensors tens of thousands of them.', 'start': 5640.665, 'duration': 4.726}, {'end': 5650.657, 'text': 'The initial BICEP-1 instrument, of course, we just called it BICEP, that only had 98 detectors.', 'start': 5645.791, 'duration': 4.866}, {'end': 5657.221, 'text': "Simon's Observatory is going to have 100 times more just in one of our four telescopes.", 'start': 5652.279, 'duration': 4.942}, {'end': 5665.485, 'text': "We're going to have 60,000 detectors operating full-time at 0.1 degree above absolute zero in the Atacama Desert.", 'start': 5657.722, 'duration': 7.763}, {'end': 5666.005, 'text': "We'll get there.", 'start': 5665.545, 'duration': 0.46}], 'summary': "Simon's observatory will have 60,000 detectors, 100x more than bicep, operating in atacama desert.", 'duration': 25.34, 'max_score': 5640.665, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs85640665.jpg'}], 'start': 4771.293, 'title': 'Observing precious photons, polarimeter and birefringent crystal, and discovery of cosmic microwave background', 'summary': "Discusses the observation of precious photons using a heavy telescope, the creation of a polarimeter, and the accidental discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, leading to advancements in detectors and upgraded capabilities, with winter overs being paid $75,000 for one night's work and the temperature of cosmic microwave background radiation measured at 2.7265 degrees kelvin.", 'chapters': [{'end': 4814.156, 'start': 4771.293, 'title': 'Observing precious photons', 'summary': "Discusses the efforts to observe precious photons in a pristine environment using a telescope that weighs tens of thousands of pounds and requires year-long commitment from staff, with winter overs staying for over a year and being paid $75,000 for one night's work.", 'duration': 42.863, 'highlights': ['The telescope weighs tens of thousands of pounds and scans the sky like a robot, requiring year-long commitment from staff, with winter overs staying for over a year.', "The staff are called winter overs, spending a year at the site from November to December and getting paid $75,000 for one night's work.", 'The telescope is used to observe precious photons in a pristine environment.']}, {'end': 5275.984, 'start': 4814.556, 'title': 'Polarimeter and birefringent crystal', 'summary': 'Discusses the creation of a polarimeter by using polarizers in front of a telescope, the quadrupolar pattern of light, the polarization of light and the use of a birefringent crystal to separate light based on its polarization. it also explains how the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation led to the development of radio astronomy and the measurement of its temperature at 2.7265 degrees kelvin.', 'duration': 461.428, 'highlights': ['The creation of a polarimeter by using polarizers in front of a telescope, the quadrupolar pattern of light, and the polarization of light. Creation of a polarimeter with polarizers, quadrupolar pattern of light, and explanation of light polarization.', 'The use of a birefringent crystal to separate light based on its polarization. Application of a birefringent crystal to separate light based on polarization.', 'The discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation and its measurement at 2.7265 degrees Kelvin. Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation and its temperature measurement.']}, {'end': 5715.208, 'start': 5276.024, 'title': 'Discovery of cosmic microwave background', 'summary': "Discusses the accidental discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation by penzias and wilson, the significance of measuring temperature in signal detection, the potential implications for nobel prize recognition, and the advancements in bicep2's detectors, leading to its upgraded capabilities.", 'duration': 439.184, 'highlights': ['Penzias and Wilson accidentally discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation, winning the Nobel Prize in 1978, marking the first Nobel Prize awarded in cosmology. The accidental discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation by Penzias and Wilson led to their Nobel Prize win in 1978, making it a significant event in the history of cosmology.', 'The chapter emphasizes the significance of measuring signal in terms of temperature, using four Kelvin to compare unknown and known signals, akin to a balance, and discusses the intimate nature of temperature in relation to energy conversion and thermodynamics. The significance of measuring signal in terms of temperature using four Kelvin is highlighted, as it allows for comparison of unknown and known signals similar to a balance, and is linked to the intimate nature of temperature in energy conversion and thermodynamics.', 'The implications for Nobel Prize recognition in the field of cosmology are discussed, with the potential for groundbreaking discoveries related to the origins of the universe to be recognized with the prestigious award. The discussion about the potential Nobel Prize recognition in cosmology emphasizes the significance of groundbreaking discoveries related to the origins of the universe being considered for the prestigious award.', "Advancements in BICEP2's detectors, transitioning from semiconductors to superconductors, and the significant increase in the number of detectors from 98 to 512, are highlighted, showcasing the enhanced capabilities of BICEP2's instruments. The advancements in BICEP2's detectors, transitioning to superconductors and increasing the number of detectors from 98 to 512, are highlighted, demonstrating the enhanced capabilities of BICEP2's instruments."]}], 'duration': 943.915, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs84771293.jpg', 'highlights': ['The telescope weighs tens of thousands of pounds and scans the sky like a robot, requiring year-long commitment from staff, with winter overs staying for over a year.', "The staff are called winter overs, spending a year at the site from November to December and getting paid $75,000 for one night's work.", 'The telescope is used to observe precious photons in a pristine environment.', 'The creation of a polarimeter by using polarizers in front of a telescope, the quadrupolar pattern of light, and the polarization of light.', 'The use of a birefringent crystal to separate light based on its polarization.', 'The discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation and its measurement at 2.7265 degrees Kelvin.', 'Penzias and Wilson accidentally discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation, winning the Nobel Prize in 1978, marking the first Nobel Prize awarded in cosmology.', 'The chapter emphasizes the significance of measuring signal in terms of temperature using four Kelvin, allowing for comparison of unknown and known signals similar to a balance, and is linked to the intimate nature of temperature in energy conversion and thermodynamics.', 'The implications for Nobel Prize recognition in the field of cosmology are discussed, with the potential for groundbreaking discoveries related to the origins of the universe to be recognized with the prestigious award.', "Advancements in BICEP2's detectors, transitioning to superconductors and increasing the number of detectors from 98 to 512, are highlighted, demonstrating the enhanced capabilities of BICEP2's instruments."]}, {'end': 8129.088, 'segs': [{'end': 5874.441, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5843.479, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5846.823, 'text': 'I was no longer one of the co-principal investigators as I was on BICEP1.', 'start': 5843.479, 'duration': 3.344}, {'end': 5850.447, 'text': 'So I continued on BICEP1 as the co-leader of it, but not on BICEP2.', 'start': 5846.883, 'duration': 3.564}, {'end': 5854.231, 'text': 'And, you know, obviously that was pretty painful.', 'start': 5851.187, 'duration': 3.044}, {'end': 5859.554, 'text': 'This is all happening at the same time as you lose this father figure.', 'start': 5854.591, 'duration': 4.963}, {'end': 5868.518, 'text': "Now there's this one betrayal in a way and then there's another or something that feels like a betrayal.", 'start': 5860.374, 'duration': 8.144}, {'end': 5874.441, 'text': 'Yeah He had been the only one looking out for my interest in the new experiment.', 'start': 5868.819, 'duration': 5.622}], 'summary': 'Transitioned from co-pi on bicep1 to co-leader, not on bicep2. felt betrayed.', 'duration': 30.962, 'max_score': 5843.479, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs85843479.jpg'}, {'end': 5912.753, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5888.996, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5897.065, 'text': 'I mean, science is not free from egos and, and, uh, and competition and, and, uh, and desires rightfully or wrongfully for credit and attribution.', 'start': 5888.996, 'duration': 8.069}, {'end': 5905.523, 'text': "Was he the source of strength and confidence for you as a scientist, as a man? I mean, we're kind of alone in this world.", 'start': 5897.472, 'duration': 8.051}, {'end': 5912.753, 'text': 'When you take on difficult things, we often kind of grasp at a few folks that give us strength.', 'start': 5906.324, 'duration': 6.429}], 'summary': 'Science involves ego, competition, and desire for credit. support is crucial in facing challenges.', 'duration': 23.757, 'max_score': 5888.996, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs85888996.jpg'}, {'end': 6203.286, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6178.579, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6185.065, 'text': 'I never got a guide how to be a professor, how to teach how to lead a research group, how to deal with the death of an advisor,', 'start': 6178.579, 'duration': 6.486}, {'end': 6187.228, 'text': 'how to deal with an unruly graduate student or two.', 'start': 6185.065, 'duration': 2.163}, {'end': 6194.336, 'text': "So we're all reinventing it, which is kind of ironic and insane if you think about it, because the academic system that I am a part of,", 'start': 6188.549, 'duration': 5.787}, {'end': 6196.318, 'text': 'and you are a part of, is 1,000 years old.', 'start': 6194.336, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 6203.286, 'text': 'Dates back to Bologna, Northern Italy, 1088 or so, first universities were established.', 'start': 6196.879, 'duration': 6.407}], 'summary': 'Academic system is 1,000 years old, yet lacks guidance for professors in teaching, leading research, and managing students.', 'duration': 24.707, 'max_score': 6178.579, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs86178579.jpg'}, {'end': 6291.329, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6261.434, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6262.354, 'text': 'First, I think about his kids.', 'start': 6261.434, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 6266.395, 'text': 'Felt at first, now there goes my chance at winning a Nobel Prize.', 'start': 6263.314, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 6270.456, 'text': 'And hence the title of the book was like, I knew I would not win the Nobel Prize.', 'start': 6266.455, 'duration': 4.001}, {'end': 6274.077, 'text': "It also means that there's parts of the Nobel Prize that have to be done away with.", 'start': 6271.136, 'duration': 2.941}, {'end': 6275.197, 'text': "It's a double entendre.", 'start': 6274.177, 'duration': 1.02}, {'end': 6278.458, 'text': 'Like we need to lose aspects of the Nobel Prize to help science out.', 'start': 6275.237, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 6279.919, 'text': 'We can talk about that a different time.', 'start': 6278.558, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 6286.223, 'text': 'In the context of like now thinking back on it, that was such a minuscule part of it.', 'start': 6281.277, 'duration': 4.946}, {'end': 6289.908, 'text': "because, let's say, he did win the Nobel Prize, or I did win the.", 'start': 6286.223, 'duration': 3.685}, {'end': 6291.329, 'text': 'you know, any of us did.', 'start': 6289.908, 'duration': 1.421}], 'summary': 'The speaker reflects on not winning the nobel prize and suggests eliminating aspects to benefit science.', 'duration': 29.895, 'max_score': 6261.434, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs86261434.jpg'}, {'end': 6396.421, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6358.987, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 6360.632, 'text': "So you've said the words Nobel prize over 240 times.", 'start': 6358.987, 'duration': 1.645}, {'end': 6368.174, 'text': 'It is so strange as a symbol that unites this whole scientific journey.', 'start': 6361.99, 'duration': 6.184}, {'end': 6383.082, 'text': "It's both sad and beautiful that a little prize, a little award, a medal, a little plaque, they'll be most likely forgotten by history completely.", 'start': 6368.694, 'duration': 14.388}, {'end': 6385.926, 'text': 'some silly list.', 'start': 6384.844, 'duration': 1.082}, {'end': 6391.814, 'text': "It's somehow a catalyst for greatness.", 'start': 6387.788, 'duration': 4.026}, {'end': 6394.939, 'text': "It resulted in you doing your life's work.", 'start': 6392.255, 'duration': 2.684}, {'end': 6396.421, 'text': 'The dream of it.', 'start': 6395.66, 'duration': 0.761}], 'summary': "The nobel prize was mentioned over 240 times, serving as a catalyst for scientific greatness and resulting in life's work.", 'duration': 37.434, 'max_score': 6358.987, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs86358987.jpg'}, {'end': 6841.211, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6789.664, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 6797.205, 'text': 'And it also coincided with my entry into grad school and this whole journey of academia.', 'start': 6789.664, 'duration': 7.541}, {'end': 6804.407, 'text': 'So grad school, getting my PhD, then going to MIT and then Google, and then just looking at this whole world of research.', 'start': 6797.606, 'duration': 6.801}, {'end': 6817.329, 'text': 'What I really loved about how Joe Rogan approaches the world is that he celebrates others, like he promotes them.', 'start': 6806.584, 'duration': 10.745}, {'end': 6826.894, 'text': 'He gets like genuinely, and I now know this from just being a friend privately, he genuinely gets excited by the success of others.', 'start': 6817.389, 'duration': 9.505}, {'end': 6836.826, 'text': 'And the contrast of that to how folks in academia often behave was always really disappointing to me,', 'start': 6827.814, 'duration': 9.012}, {'end': 6841.211, 'text': 'because the natural just on a basic human level there is.', 'start': 6836.826, 'duration': 4.385}], 'summary': "Transition from academia to industry, inspired by joe rogan's supportive approach.", 'duration': 51.547, 'max_score': 6789.664, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs86789664.jpg'}, {'end': 6893.011, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6868.257, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 6874.823, 'text': "which is like there's not even a willingness to celebrate publicly the awesomeness of others.", 'start': 6868.257, 'duration': 6.566}, {'end': 6883.305, 'text': 'you people in academia are often best equipped technically, in terms of language, to celebrate others.', 'start': 6874.823, 'duration': 8.482}, {'end': 6890.93, 'text': 'They understand the beauty, like the full richness of why the cool idea is as cool as it is.', 'start': 6883.345, 'duration': 7.585}, {'end': 6893.011, 'text': "And they're in the best position to celebrate it.", 'start': 6890.99, 'duration': 2.021}], 'summary': "Academia should celebrate others' awesomeness publicly to enhance cool ideas.", 'duration': 24.754, 'max_score': 6868.257, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs86868257.jpg'}, {'end': 6995.741, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6967.005, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 6969.887, 'text': "we're promoting each other and therefore the pie grows.", 'start': 6967.005, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 6973.749, 'text': 'Because everybody else gets excited about this whole thing, and the pie grows.', 'start': 6970.267, 'duration': 3.482}, {'end': 6984.014, 'text': 'Right now, the scientists, by not celebrating each other, are not growing the pie, and now, because of that, science becomes less and less popular.', 'start': 6974.149, 'duration': 9.865}, {'end': 6984.615, 'text': "It's a flywheel.", 'start': 6984.054, 'duration': 0.561}, {'end': 6986.736, 'text': 'Exactly No, and I want to point out two things.', 'start': 6985.215, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 6995.741, 'text': "One is that I remember you went on Joe's show maybe a couple of years ago, and then he gave you a watch, He gave you like a Rolex, right? Yeah.", 'start': 6986.816, 'duration': 8.925}], 'summary': 'Promoting each other grows the pie, but scientists not celebrating leads to less popular science.', 'duration': 28.736, 'max_score': 6967.005, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs86967005.jpg'}, {'end': 7178.938, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7151.861, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 7156.364, 'text': 'Like in other words, do the things, and this really relates back to what Aristotle once said.', 'start': 7151.861, 'duration': 4.503}, {'end': 7163.708, 'text': 'Aristotle once said, why do parents love kids more than kids love parents? As much as you love your dad and your mom, they still love you more.', 'start': 7156.424, 'duration': 7.284}, {'end': 7167.111, 'text': 'And because you love that which you sacrifice for.', 'start': 7164.709, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 7167.731, 'text': "Here's a proof.", 'start': 7167.191, 'duration': 0.54}, {'end': 7170.913, 'text': 'I know a lot of families that have kids with special needs.', 'start': 7168.832, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 7177.257, 'text': 'Some with severe, one of my uncles on the Keating side had severe what they called mental retardation.', 'start': 7171.093, 'duration': 6.164}, {'end': 7178.938, 'text': "Now it's probably has a different name.", 'start': 7177.297, 'duration': 1.641}], 'summary': "Aristotle's concept of love: parents love kids more because they sacrifice for them.", 'duration': 27.077, 'max_score': 7151.861, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs87151861.jpg'}, {'end': 7223.087, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7192.147, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 7193.908, 'text': 'You love that which you sacrifice for.', 'start': 7192.147, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 7199.172, 'text': "Sacrifice is reduction of entropy, it's storing and investing, and you wanna protect that.", 'start': 7194.468, 'duration': 4.704}, {'end': 7202.214, 'text': 'you know, that, that to me really speaks to this.', 'start': 7199.932, 'duration': 2.282}, {'end': 7204.275, 'text': "So I, you know, I don't hold it against, but it is true.", 'start': 7202.234, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 7210.079, 'text': "Like scientists are, you know, when they're described again, they're often said to be like children, right? You've heard this description.", 'start': 7204.335, 'duration': 5.744}, {'end': 7211.96, 'text': "They're inquisitive, they're curious, they're passionate.", 'start': 7210.099, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 7212.78, 'text': 'They love that.', 'start': 7212.38, 'duration': 0.4}, {'end': 7213.221, 'text': "And I'm like, yeah.", 'start': 7212.8, 'duration': 0.421}, {'end': 7214.301, 'text': "And they don't play well with others.", 'start': 7213.241, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 7215.602, 'text': "They're jealous, they're petty, they're selfish.", 'start': 7214.321, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 7216.763, 'text': "They won't share their ball and they'll go home.", 'start': 7215.622, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 7219.785, 'text': "We, you can't, there's no such thing as a single edge sword.", 'start': 7217.463, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 7223.087, 'text': 'I wish there were, you know, because you, we, we need some more of that.', 'start': 7219.845, 'duration': 3.242}], 'summary': 'Sacrifice is about reducing entropy and investing, scientists are inquisitive but also jealous and selfish.', 'duration': 30.94, 'max_score': 7192.147, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs87192147.jpg'}, {'end': 7308.938, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7282.712, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 7286.816, 'text': "By the way, the book's only three chapters out of 11 about the Nobel Prize and it's a fact.", 'start': 7282.712, 'duration': 4.104}, {'end': 7293.263, 'text': "But you know, one of the things that's been so interesting, like I'm speaking actually this coming up in December,", 'start': 7287.417, 'duration': 5.846}, {'end': 7296.646, 'text': "is that the Nobel Prize is given out on the day of Alfred Nobel's death.", 'start': 7293.263, 'duration': 3.383}, {'end': 7306.215, 'text': "There's a lot of, and they bring in flowers, not from his birthplace, but from his mausoleum, which is in San Romino in Italy.", 'start': 7297.568, 'duration': 8.647}, {'end': 7308.938, 'text': "It's a lot of like death fascination.", 'start': 7307.256, 'duration': 1.682}], 'summary': "The nobel prize is awarded on alfred nobel's death day, with flowers from his mausoleum in san romino, italy.", 'duration': 26.226, 'max_score': 7282.712, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs87282712.jpg'}, {'end': 7943.107, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7912.261, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 7912.982, 'text': 'He has curiosity.', 'start': 7912.261, 'duration': 0.721}, {'end': 7918.925, 'text': "Like he's not gonna stop talking about something until he hops it, until he understands it, until he gets it viscerally.", 'start': 7913.002, 'duration': 5.923}, {'end': 7926.571, 'text': "And I respect that because, as I say in this more recent book, Passion's kind of like the dopamine hit that gets you started into like oh,", 'start': 7918.945, 'duration': 7.626}, {'end': 7927.211, 'text': "I'm gonna be great.", 'start': 7926.571, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 7928.753, 'text': 'Maybe I could win a Nobel Prize.', 'start': 7927.672, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 7930.194, 'text': "That's not gonna sustain you.", 'start': 7929.013, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 7934.739, 'text': 'The sustenance comes from the passion converting to curiosity.', 'start': 7930.775, 'duration': 3.964}, {'end': 7943.107, 'text': "And what I wanna do is convert as many things as possible to things that I can then, because actually I've had on people that discuss addiction.", 'start': 7935.259, 'duration': 7.848}], 'summary': 'Passion should convert to curiosity for sustenance and understanding, driving continuous learning.', 'duration': 30.846, 'max_score': 7912.261, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs87912261.jpg'}, {'end': 8090.354, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8065.381, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 8072.185, 'text': 'so, like um, which i think is at the, at the core, at least this, correlated with curiosity, is in every situation.', 'start': 8065.381, 'duration': 6.804}, {'end': 8077.47, 'text': 'try to find the exciting, the fascinating.', 'start': 8073.729, 'duration': 3.741}, {'end': 8083.672, 'text': "Like in every situation, you sitting at the, I don't know, waiting for something at a DMV or something like that.", 'start': 8077.73, 'duration': 5.942}, {'end': 8090.354, 'text': 'Find something that excites you like a thought, like watch people or start to think about.', 'start': 8084.012, 'duration': 6.342}], 'summary': 'Curiosity is correlated with finding excitement in every situation.', 'duration': 24.973, 'max_score': 8065.381, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs88065381.jpg'}], 'start': 5715.268, 'title': 'Challenges in science', 'summary': "Discusses the challenges of losing a mentor in scientific collaboration, the impact of the nobel prize, joe rogan's influence on celebrating others, and the value of sacrifice and curiosity in science.", 'chapters': [{'end': 6218.042, 'start': 5715.268, 'title': 'Challenges of scientific collaboration', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges and emotional impact of losing a mentor and facing professional setbacks in a scientific collaboration, highlighting the loss of a mentor due to suicide, the impact on the collaboration, and the competitive nature of scientific research.', 'duration': 502.774, 'highlights': ['The devastating impact of losing a mentor due to suicide and the emotional toll it took on the individual, affecting their career and personal identity. Emotional impact of losing a mentor, impact on personal and professional identity.', "The competitive nature of scientific research, the desire for credit and attribution, and the impact of collaborations on individuals' careers. Competition in scientific research, desire for credit, impact of collaborations on careers.", 'Challenges in navigating the academic system, including dealing with the death of an advisor, leading a research group, and lack of guidance in academia. Challenges in academia, lack of guidance, navigating the academic system.']}, {'end': 6732.467, 'start': 6218.062, 'title': 'Impact of nobel prize on science', 'summary': 'Discusses the emotional impact of losing a mentor, the significance and insignificance of the nobel prize, and the intricate details of how certain individuals won or could have won the nobel prize, shedding light on the complexities and limitations of the prestigious award.', 'duration': 514.405, 'highlights': ['The emotional impact of losing a mentor and the feeling of losing out on the guidance and agreements made, as well as the impact on the scientific community, is discussed. Emotional impact, mentorship, scientific loss', 'Contemplation on the significance and insignificance of the Nobel Prize, expressing the shift of focus towards the value of the prize and its impact on science rather than personal achievement. Shift in focus, value of the prize', 'The intricate details of how certain individuals won or could have won the Nobel Prize, shedding light on the complexities and limitations of the prestigious award. Details of Nobel Prize recipients and potential recipients']}, {'end': 6986.736, 'start': 6732.668, 'title': "Joe rogan's influence on celebrating others", 'summary': "Discusses the contrast between joe rogan's genuine excitement for others' success and the lack of celebration in academia, emphasizing the importance of publicly celebrating others' accomplishments to foster growth and popularity in science and other fields.", 'duration': 254.068, 'highlights': ["Joe Rogan's genuine excitement for others' success contrasts with the lack of celebration in academia, emphasizing the importance of publicly celebrating others' accomplishments to foster growth and popularity in science and other fields. Contrast between Joe Rogan's attitude and the lack of celebration in academia, Importance of publicly celebrating others' accomplishments, Impact on fostering growth and popularity in science and other fields", "The nature of excitement in academia often comes with jealousy and a desire to outdo others, leading to a lack of genuine pure excitement for others' success. Jealousy and desire to outdo others in academia, Lack of genuine pure excitement for others' success", 'The lack of public celebration of others in academia hinders the growth of the scientific community and contributes to the declining popularity of science. Impact of lack of celebration on hindering growth of the scientific community, Contribution to declining popularity of science']}, {'end': 7224.008, 'start': 6986.816, 'title': "Joe rogan's mentoring and the value of sacrifice", 'summary': 'Discusses the valuable mentorship provided by joe rogan, the importance of sacrifice in parenting, and the comparison of scientists to children, emphasizing the concept of sacrifice and investment.', 'duration': 237.192, 'highlights': ["Joe Rogan's mentorship and his desire for others' success Joe Rogan's genuine spirit of graciousness and mentorship, as he expresses his desire for others, especially those close to him, to be more successful, reflecting a valuable mentorship approach.", 'The importance of sacrifice in parenting The chapter emphasizes the concept of sacrifice in parenting, illustrating that parents love their children more because they sacrifice for them, highlighting the relationship between sacrifice, love, and investment in children.', 'Comparison of scientists to children and the concept of sacrifice The comparison of scientists to children highlights their inquisitive nature and passion, while also emphasizing their selfish and jealous traits, drawing a parallel to the concept of sacrifice and investment.']}, {'end': 8129.088, 'start': 7224.668, 'title': 'The nobel prize and the quest for curiosity', 'summary': 'Delves into the impact of the nobel prize in science, the fascination with the prize, and the quest for sustained curiosity, while highlighting the need for introspection, the decline in curiosity with age, and the potential for cultivating curiosity from a young age.', 'duration': 904.42, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the impact of the Nobel Prize in science and its influence on the pursuit of scientific exploration, while emphasizing the need for introspection within the scientific community. Discusses the impact of the Nobel Prize in science; Emphasizes the need for introspection within the scientific community.', 'It highlights the decline in curiosity with age and the need to sustain curiosity, suggesting a potential correlation between curiosity and the quest for sustained interest in scientific exploration. Highlights the decline in curiosity with age; Suggests a potential correlation between curiosity and the quest for sustained interest in scientific exploration.', 'The chapter touches on the potential for cultivating curiosity from a young age and discusses the importance of finding fascination and excitement in every situation, emphasizing the value of sustained curiosity. Touches on the potential for cultivating curiosity from a young age; Emphasizes the value of sustained curiosity.']}], 'duration': 2413.82, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs85715268.jpg', 'highlights': ['Emotional impact of losing a mentor, impact on personal and professional identity', 'Challenges in academia, lack of guidance, navigating the academic system', 'Competition in scientific research, desire for credit, impact of collaborations on careers', 'Shift in focus, value of the Nobel Prize', 'Details of Nobel Prize recipients and potential recipients', "Importance of publicly celebrating others' accomplishments, Impact on fostering growth and popularity in science and other fields", "Jealousy and desire to outdo others in academia, Lack of genuine pure excitement for others' success", 'Impact of lack of celebration on hindering growth of the scientific community, Contribution to declining popularity of science', "Joe Rogan's genuine spirit of graciousness and mentorship, as he expresses his desire for others, especially those close to him, to be more successful, reflecting a valuable mentorship approach", 'The chapter emphasizes the concept of sacrifice in parenting, illustrating that parents love their children more because they sacrifice for them, highlighting the relationship between sacrifice, love, and investment in children', 'The comparison of scientists to children highlights their inquisitive nature and passion, while also emphasizing their selfish and jealous traits, drawing a parallel to the concept of sacrifice and investment', 'Discusses the impact of the Nobel Prize in science; Emphasizes the need for introspection within the scientific community', 'Highlights the decline in curiosity with age; Suggests a potential correlation between curiosity and the quest for sustained interest in scientific exploration', 'Touches on the potential for cultivating curiosity from a young age; Emphasizes the value of sustained curiosity']}, {'end': 9054.523, 'segs': [{'end': 8156.804, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8129.168, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 8136.591, 'text': 'I think you, at the core, really have to have this muscle of finding the awesomeness in everything.', 'start': 8129.168, 'duration': 7.423}, {'end': 8147.096, 'text': "Because if you're able to find the awesomeness in everything, whatever journey you take, whatever weird that you take through,", 'start': 8136.651, 'duration': 10.445}, {'end': 8148.217, 'text': 'life is going to be productive.', 'start': 8147.096, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 8150.299, 'text': "It's gonna end up in a great place.", 'start': 8148.237, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 8152.22, 'text': 'So like that muscle is at the core of it.', 'start': 8150.679, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 8156.804, 'text': 'And I guess curiosity is central to that.', 'start': 8152.26, 'duration': 4.544}], 'summary': 'Cultivate the muscle of finding awesomeness in everything, leading to a productive and great life; curiosity is central to this.', 'duration': 27.636, 'max_score': 8129.168, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs88129168.jpg'}, {'end': 8391.182, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8356.436, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 8357.116, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 8356.436, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 8357.677, 'text': 'Correct my math.', 'start': 8357.136, 'duration': 0.541}, {'end': 8358.097, 'text': "I'm wrong.", 'start': 8357.717, 'duration': 0.38}, {'end': 8359.558, 'text': 'To the 20th is a million.', 'start': 8358.477, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 8361.66, 'text': 'To the 30th is a billion.', 'start': 8360.298, 'duration': 1.362}, {'end': 8369.745, 'text': "So we're outpacing Moore's law in terms of the sensitivity of our instruments to detect these feeble signals from the cosmos.", 'start': 8362.059, 'duration': 7.686}, {'end': 8374.991, 'text': "And they don't have to deal with in the semiconductor factory in Santa Clara California.", 'start': 8370.447, 'duration': 4.544}, {'end': 8379.475, 'text': "they don't have to deal with like meteorites and things like coming into the laboratory.", 'start': 8374.991, 'duration': 4.484}, {'end': 8384.058, 'text': "It's a clean room, it's pristine, they can control everything about it, right? We can't control the cosmos.", 'start': 8379.775, 'duration': 4.283}, {'end': 8391.182, 'text': 'the cosmos is literally littered with particles of schmutz, of failed planets, asteroids, um meteoroids,', 'start': 8384.779, 'duration': 6.403}], 'summary': "Our instruments outpace moore's law in sensitivity to detect cosmic signals, reaching a billion at the 30th.", 'duration': 34.746, 'max_score': 8356.436, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs88356436.jpg'}, {'end': 8438.722, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8411.892, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8416.215, 'text': "But there's extremely large number of tiny dust particles and microscopic grains.", 'start': 8411.892, 'duration': 4.323}, {'end': 8418.817, 'text': "And then there's a fair number of intermediate sized particles.", 'start': 8416.535, 'duration': 2.282}, {'end': 8429.458, 'text': "It turns out this little guy here is the end product of a collapsing star that explodes in what's called a supernova, type 2 supernova.", 'start': 8419.713, 'duration': 9.745}, {'end': 8438.722, 'text': 'So stars spend most of their life fusing helium nuclei, protons, and neutrons into helium nuclei.', 'start': 8430.158, 'duration': 8.564}], 'summary': 'Stars produce helium nuclei and end as supernovae, emitting particles of varying sizes.', 'duration': 26.83, 'max_score': 8411.892, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs88411892.jpg'}, {'end': 8678.708, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8647.783, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8648.523, 'text': 'Yes, exactly.', 'start': 8647.783, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 8651.746, 'text': "It's a little school up there in the Cambridge area.", 'start': 8649.444, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 8657.551, 'text': 'And so they ended up making this announcement that we had discovered the aftershocks of inflation.', 'start': 8652.927, 'duration': 4.624}, {'end': 8661.414, 'text': 'We detected the gravitational waves, shaking up the CMB.', 'start': 8658.211, 'duration': 3.203}, {'end': 8669.2, 'text': 'And on that day past Lex Friedman podcast, back when it was called Artificial Intelligence, Max Tegmark said goodbye universe,', 'start': 8661.434, 'duration': 7.766}, {'end': 8671.342, 'text': 'hello multiverse and hello Nobel Prize.', 'start': 8669.2, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 8678.708, 'text': 'See, he saw that as confirmatory evidence, not only of inflation, not only of gravitational waves, but of the multiverse.', 'start': 8672.202, 'duration': 6.506}], 'summary': 'Gravitational waves detected, confirming inflation, multiverse. nobel prize potential.', 'duration': 30.925, 'max_score': 8647.783, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs88647783.jpg'}, {'end': 8849.57, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8819.924, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 8821.085, 'text': 'so you would like to see.', 'start': 8819.924, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 8824.087, 'text': "um, because that's a big part of transparency, is the?", 'start': 8821.085, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 8824.347, 'text': 'is the?', 'start': 8824.087, 'duration': 0.26}, {'end': 8833.623, 'text': "To me, in the space of science at least, that's as beautiful because it reveals the.", 'start': 8826.18, 'duration': 7.443}, {'end': 8835.164, 'text': 'it tells a great story.', 'start': 8833.623, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 8837.225, 'text': "There's an excitement.", 'start': 8835.224, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 8838.865, 'text': "There's a- Humanity.", 'start': 8837.425, 'duration': 1.44}, {'end': 8844.888, 'text': "So there's a climax to the triumph, but there's also a climax to the disappointment at the end.", 'start': 8840.086, 'duration': 4.802}, {'end': 8849.57, 'text': 'Yes, Because that also eventually leads to triumph again.', 'start': 8844.928, 'duration': 4.642}], 'summary': 'Transparency in science reveals the triumph and disappointment, leading to eventual triumph again.', 'duration': 29.646, 'max_score': 8819.924, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs88819924.jpg'}], 'start': 8129.168, 'title': 'Finding cosmic awesomeness', 'summary': "Emphasizes the importance of finding awesomeness in everything, discussing challenges in detecting feeble cosmic signals, prevalence of cosmic debris, and the excitement and disappointments in the space of science, including key elements like iron and the implications of detecting gravitational waves from the cosmic microwave background (cmb) on the concept of a multiverse. it also highlights the importance of transparency and the recognition of scientists' human fallibility, and the assayer project in assessing theories of everything with experiments.", 'chapters': [{'end': 8374.991, 'start': 8129.168, 'title': 'Finding awesomeness in everything', 'summary': "Emphasizes the importance of finding the awesomeness in everything and discusses the challenges and significance of detecting feeble cosmic signals, showcasing the outpacing of moore's law in instrument sensitivity.", 'duration': 245.823, 'highlights': ['The importance of finding the awesomeness in everything is highlighted as a core muscle for a productive life journey.', "The challenges and significance of detecting feeble cosmic signals are discussed, showcasing the outpacing of Moore's law in instrument sensitivity.", 'The discussion includes the technical details of detecting gravitational waves and the characteristic twofold symmetry pattern under rotation.', 'Insight into the study of astrophysics and cosmology, distinguishing between their focus and potential prejudices within the field, is provided.', 'The chapter also delves into the measurement of signals and the astonishing sensitivity of modern instruments in detecting feebly signals from the cosmos.']}, {'end': 8693.449, 'start': 8374.991, 'title': 'Cosmic debris and its implications', 'summary': 'Discusses the prevalence of cosmic debris, including failed planets, asteroids, and microscopic grains, and its impact on the formation of celestial bodies, with a focus on the role of supernovae in producing elements like iron and the implications of detecting gravitational waves from the cosmic microwave background (cmb) on the concept of a multiverse.', 'duration': 318.458, 'highlights': ['The detection of gravitational waves from the CMB was announced on March 17th, indicating the aftershocks of inflation and leading to discussions about the multiverse and potential Nobel Prize implications. The announcement of detecting gravitational waves from the CMB on March 17th sparked discussions about the multiverse and its potential Nobel Prize implications.', "Supernovae produce elements like iron through a collapsing star's explosion, with implications for the formation of celestial bodies and the synthesis of crucial substances like hemoglobin. Supernovae play a crucial role in producing elements like iron through a collapsing star's explosion, contributing to the formation of celestial bodies and the synthesis of substances like hemoglobin.", 'The prevalence of cosmic debris, including failed planets, asteroids, and microscopic grains, has implications for the formation of celestial bodies and the interference with telescopic observations. The abundance of cosmic debris, such as failed planets, asteroids, and microscopic grains, affects the formation of celestial bodies and interferes with telescopic observations.']}, {'end': 9054.523, 'start': 8694.29, 'title': 'Science triumphs and disappointments', 'summary': "Highlights the excitement and disappointments in the space of science, emphasizing the need for transparency and the recognition of scientists' human fallibility, as well as the importance of the assayer project in assessing theories of everything with experiments.", 'duration': 360.233, 'highlights': ["The chapter emphasizes the excitement and disappointments in the space of science, with the need for transparency and recognition of scientists' human fallibility, as well as the importance of the Assayer Project in assessing theories of everything with experiments.", 'The speaker discusses the problem of sensationalized science media coverage, where initial excitement about scientific discoveries often leads to retraction and minimal coverage of the retractions, highlighting the need for transparency and equal funding for publicity and retractions.', "The speaker emphasizes the drama and triumphs of the scientific process, mentioning the importance of acknowledging scientists' human fallibility and the need for transparency in the space of science, as well as the ups and downs that define the scientific journey.", "The chapter discusses the significance of the Assayer Project in assessing theories of everything with experiments, drawing inspiration from Galileo's approach to science and his tendency to be both right and wrong in his discoveries, highlighting the need for experimental exploration of phenomena.", "The speaker mentions the Assayer Project as a significant endeavor to assess theories of everything with experiments, drawing inspiration from Galileo's approach to science and highlighting the importance of experimental exploration of scientific phenomena."]}], 'duration': 925.355, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs88129168.jpg', 'highlights': ['The detection of gravitational waves from the CMB was announced on March 17th, indicating the aftershocks of inflation and leading to discussions about the multiverse and potential Nobel Prize implications.', "Supernovae play a crucial role in producing elements like iron through a collapsing star's explosion, contributing to the formation of celestial bodies and the synthesis of substances like hemoglobin.", 'The importance of finding the awesomeness in everything is highlighted as a core muscle for a productive life journey.', "The chapter emphasizes the excitement and disappointments in the space of science, with the need for transparency and recognition of scientists' human fallibility, as well as the importance of the Assayer Project in assessing theories of everything with experiments.", "The challenges and significance of detecting feeble cosmic signals are discussed, showcasing the outpacing of Moore's law in instrument sensitivity."]}, {'end': 10797.839, 'segs': [{'end': 9129.972, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9094.012, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 9098.714, 'text': "member t-shirts coming out soon, let's stream.com merch merch.", 'start': 9094.012, 'duration': 4.702}, {'end': 9102.096, 'text': "But it's actually not trivial to do that.", 'start': 9100.655, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 9107.798, 'text': 'But most of my students, graduate students, can prove that the Earth is round or explain how the Earth- It is actually not trivial to do though.', 'start': 9102.136, 'duration': 5.662}, {'end': 9108.398, 'text': "It's not.", 'start': 9108.058, 'duration': 0.34}, {'end': 9111.219, 'text': 'Yeah And much harder is to prove that the Earth goes around the sun.', 'start': 9108.698, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 9113.18, 'text': "In fact, that's extremely hard to prove.", 'start': 9111.679, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 9119.602, 'text': 'And almost none of my students, even after they get their PhD and the final exam, I kind of like to just give them a little bit of humility.', 'start': 9113.24, 'duration': 6.362}, {'end': 9122.164, 'text': 'Because I think to be a good scientist, You need to be humble.', 'start': 9119.622, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 9124.747, 'text': 'You need to have a little humility and you need to have swagger.', 'start': 9122.284, 'duration': 2.463}, {'end': 9126.428, 'text': 'You need to feel like a little cocky.', 'start': 9125.107, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 9127.309, 'text': 'Like I can do this.', 'start': 9126.448, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 9129.972, 'text': "I can do this thing that Einstein by definition couldn't do.", 'start': 9127.409, 'duration': 2.563}], 'summary': "Students struggle to prove earth's roundness and earth's orbit. emphasizes importance of humility and confidence in science.", 'duration': 35.96, 'max_score': 9094.012, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs89094012.jpg'}, {'end': 9323.933, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9298.597, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 9307.245, 'text': "Frank Wilczek and Carlo Rovelli and my friend Lucio Piccirillo the first ever audiobook of one of Galileo's dialogue,", 'start': 9298.597, 'duration': 8.648}, {'end': 9311.209, 'text': 'the one where he claimed to find evidence for the orbit of the Earth around the Sun.', 'start': 9307.245, 'duration': 3.964}, {'end': 9311.91, 'text': 'but it was an error.', 'start': 9311.209, 'duration': 0.701}, {'end': 9314.609, 'text': "So you're reading parts of this text, which is incredible.", 'start': 9312.588, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 9316.19, 'text': "Yeah, it's a brilliant book.", 'start': 9314.729, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 9318.35, 'text': 'So this book was written in 1632.', 'start': 9316.55, 'duration': 1.8}, {'end': 9323.933, 'text': 'It was written and it was the one that caused him to go into house arrest and almost threatened to be tortured.', 'start': 9318.35, 'duration': 5.583}], 'summary': "Galileo's 1632 book led to house arrest for claiming earth orbits sun.", 'duration': 25.336, 'max_score': 9298.597, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs89298597.jpg'}, {'end': 9524.849, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9493.503, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 9494.503, 'text': 'Galileo wrote many books.', 'start': 9493.503, 'duration': 1}, {'end': 9497.541, 'text': 'one of which is called The Military Compass.', 'start': 9495.7, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 9502.002, 'text': 'And this is an interesting book for my blockchain and your blockchain aficionados.', 'start': 9498.201, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 9507.864, 'text': 'In this book, he talks about a compass, which is not a magnetic compass, but an actual slide rule.', 'start': 9502.642, 'duration': 5.222}, {'end': 9508.944, 'text': "It's basically a slide rule.", 'start': 9507.904, 'duration': 1.04}, {'end': 9511.105, 'text': "And it's a manual.", 'start': 9509.565, 'duration': 1.54}, {'end': 9514.006, 'text': "It's like, imagine if your phone came with a manual.", 'start': 9511.485, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 9519.668, 'text': "Nowadays, they don't, right? But this was a manual for how to use this slide rule, which is enormously important.", 'start': 9514.046, 'duration': 5.622}, {'end': 9521.769, 'text': 'And he gives a whole bunch of worked examples.', 'start': 9519.808, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 9522.489, 'text': "It's a brilliant book.", 'start': 9521.869, 'duration': 0.62}, {'end': 9524.849, 'text': 'One of the examples is how do you convert money?', 'start': 9523.129, 'duration': 1.72}], 'summary': "Galileo's book 'the military compass' discusses an important manual for using a non-magnetic compass, with worked examples on converting money.", 'duration': 31.346, 'max_score': 9493.503, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs89493503.jpg'}, {'end': 9646.508, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9613.314, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 9614.554, 'text': 'So it was an incredibly important job.', 'start': 9613.314, 'duration': 1.24}, {'end': 9620.116, 'text': 'And so this person would take this piece of inanimate rock and use it to do something valuable.', 'start': 9615.255, 'duration': 4.861}, {'end': 9626.879, 'text': 'What I want to do in the Assayer Project is take this plethora of physical theories of everything.', 'start': 9620.717, 'duration': 6.162}, {'end': 9631.801, 'text': "I said recently, you know, we should give a Nobel Prize to someone who doesn't come up with a theory of everything.", 'start': 9626.939, 'duration': 4.862}, {'end': 9633.761, 'text': "Because there's just..", 'start': 9632.361, 'duration': 1.4}, {'end': 9634.181, 'text': "That's good.", 'start': 9633.761, 'duration': 0.42}, {'end': 9637.242, 'text': "There's just, like, it's just rotten with them.", 'start': 9634.842, 'duration': 2.4}, {'end': 9638.803, 'text': "And I think it's great.", 'start': 9637.603, 'duration': 1.2}, {'end': 9640.444, 'text': 'You know, I often say that..', 'start': 9639.083, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 9646.508, 'text': "Theory is kind of like software and I'm not denigrating software at all, but like you can create a lot of software.", 'start': 9641.764, 'duration': 4.744}], 'summary': 'The assayer project aims to consolidate physical theories, potentially awarding a nobel prize for non-theory of everything contributions.', 'duration': 33.194, 'max_score': 9613.314, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs89613314.jpg'}, {'end': 10528.535, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10505.998, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 10516.79, 'text': "But if you're more like a theoretician who kind of works in the realm of ideas, in the realm of intuitions, it is also a source of pleasure.", 'start': 10505.998, 'duration': 10.792}, {'end': 10517.911, 'text': 'You mentioned dopamine.', 'start': 10516.85, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 10528.535, 'text': "A source of dopamine that you can communicate to others that you're really excited by the possibility of solving the deepest mysteries of the universe.", 'start': 10518.512, 'duration': 10.023}], 'summary': 'Theoretical work can be a source of pleasure and excitement, driven by dopamine, in solving mysteries of the universe.', 'duration': 22.537, 'max_score': 10505.998, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs810505998.jpg'}], 'start': 9054.543, 'title': "Galileo's scientific pursuits", 'summary': "Discusses galileo's perceptive observations, discoveries, the assayer project, and the challenges of scientific publishing, emphasizing the importance of humility, unique predictions, and managing criticism.", 'chapters': [{'end': 9129.972, 'start': 9054.543, 'title': "Galileo's perceptive observations", 'summary': "Discusses galileo's perceptive observations about the solar system, the challenges of proving the earth's shape and its orbit around the sun, and the importance of humility in scientific pursuits.", 'duration': 75.429, 'highlights': ["Galileo's perceptive observations about the solar system, including the Copernican hypothesis, and the difficulty in proving the Earth's shape and its orbit around the sun.", "Challenges faced in proving the Earth's shape and orbit, with most graduate students struggling to prove the Earth's roundness and the difficulty in proving its orbit around the sun.", 'The importance of humility in scientific pursuits and the notion of needing both humility and swagger in scientific endeavors.']}, {'end': 9556.06, 'start': 9130.293, 'title': "Galileo's discoveries and audiobook", 'summary': "Discusses galileo's discoveries, including the proof of earth's orbit around the sun, his blunders, and the production of the first audiobook of his dialogue, while also highlighting the value of his book 'the military compass' and its financial worth.", 'duration': 425.767, 'highlights': ["Galileo's proof of the Earth's orbit around the Sun through stellar aberration and tides, despite his blunders, is discussed, along with the production of the first audiobook of his dialogue with other renowned scientists.", "The significance of Galileo's book 'The Military Compass,' which includes worked examples of currency conversions and the financial worth of its first printings from 1600, is highlighted.", "Details about the first ever audiobook production of Galileo's dialogue, the involvement of renowned scientists, and the release date of the audiobook on Galileo's birthday, February 15th, 2022, are outlined.", "The method of proving the Earth's orbit around the Sun through stellar aberration and tides, as well as the correction needed for the effect when measuring the cosmic microwave background, is explained.", "The discovery of Galileo's blunders, including his erroneous beliefs about the Earth's tides and the composition of the Milky Way, is discussed, shedding light on his mistakes."]}, {'end': 10354.594, 'start': 9556.18, 'title': 'The assayer project: reevaluating theories of everything', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of the assayer project in reevaluating the plethora of physical theories of everything, emphasizing the need for unique predictions and experiments to test them, while highlighting the significance of being worldly and curious in exploring diverse theories.', 'duration': 798.414, 'highlights': ['The Assayer Project aims to evaluate numerous physical theories of everything and stresses the necessity of unique predictions and experiments to test them, emphasizing the importance of global curiosity and exploration of diverse theories.', 'The chapter emphasizes the significance of unique predictions and experiments to challenge and validate theories, asserting the importance of being worldly and curious in exploring diverse theories.', 'It discusses the limitations of retrodictions and advocates for the need to come up with new, uniquely predictive elements in theories of everything, underlining the importance of being experimentalist and theorist.', 'The transcript highlights the need for applying Bayesian reasoning with confidence intervals and regular updates based on experimental results to evaluate theories of everything, stressing the significance of constructive criticism and exploration of various theories.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of being open-minded and respectful towards various theories, highlighting the need for graciousness and understanding in exploring and evaluating different theories of everything.']}, {'end': 10797.839, 'start': 10354.954, 'title': 'Navigating the psychology of scientific publishing', 'summary': 'Delves into the challenges of scientific publishing, the psychology of craving responses, the thrill of public perception, and the struggle of completing ambitious projects while managing criticism and compliments.', 'duration': 442.885, 'highlights': ['The thrill of public perception and the excitement of solving the deepest mysteries of the universe is a source of pleasure, fueled by the dopamine release. The speaker discusses the pleasure derived from public excitement about ambitious scientific projects and the release of dopamine, serving as motivation.', 'The psychological effect of enjoying planning and dreaming in the early stages of projects, leading to a struggle to take projects to completion, is a common challenge faced by engineers and individuals in various fields. The psychological effect of enjoying the planning and dreaming stages of projects, but struggling to take them to completion, is mentioned as a common challenge faced by engineers and individuals in various fields.', "The speaker delves into the rarity of having a paper published with no referees' comments, highlighting the low percentage of such occurrences, emphasizing the craving for responses in scientific publishing. The speaker emphasizes the rarity of having a paper published with no referees' comments, highlighting the low percentage of such occurrences and the craving for responses in scientific publishing."]}], 'duration': 1743.296, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs89054543.jpg', 'highlights': ["Galileo's proof of the Earth's orbit around the Sun through stellar aberration and tides, despite his blunders, is discussed, along with the production of the first audiobook of his dialogue with other renowned scientists.", 'The Assayer Project aims to evaluate numerous physical theories of everything and stresses the necessity of unique predictions and experiments to test them, emphasizing the importance of global curiosity and exploration of diverse theories.', 'The thrill of public perception and the excitement of solving the deepest mysteries of the universe is a source of pleasure, fueled by the dopamine release. The speaker discusses the pleasure derived from public excitement about ambitious scientific projects and the release of dopamine, serving as motivation.', "Challenges faced in proving the Earth's shape and orbit, with most graduate students struggling to prove the Earth's roundness and the difficulty in proving its orbit around the sun.", 'The importance of humility in scientific pursuits and the notion of needing both humility and swagger in scientific endeavors.', "The significance of Galileo's book 'The Military Compass,' which includes worked examples of currency conversions and the financial worth of its first printings from 1600, is highlighted."]}, {'end': 11980.302, 'segs': [{'end': 11106.73, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11081.068, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 11088.732, 'text': "And so like the proven expertise thing, I mean, there's a lot of people that go to their grave without the recognition they deserve.", 'start': 11081.068, 'duration': 7.664}, {'end': 11089.852, 'text': "And it's a tragedy.", 'start': 11088.932, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 11095.395, 'text': 'But the fact is like, you have to fight for that recognition.', 'start': 11090.513, 'duration': 4.882}, {'end': 11097.236, 'text': 'The tragedy happens for a reason.', 'start': 11095.695, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 11106.73, 'text': "You can't just say this person is obviously brilliant and therefore they deserve the credit in every single domain.", 'start': 11097.276, 'duration': 9.454}], 'summary': 'Recognition must be fought for; not everyone is credited in every domain.', 'duration': 25.662, 'max_score': 11081.068, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs811081068.jpg'}, {'end': 11414.794, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11388.034, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 11396.458, 'text': "i mean i and i don't want to sort of mock this, because i think it's very possible that there is either kernels of interesting ideas or in whole,", 'start': 11388.034, 'duration': 8.424}, {'end': 11408.769, 'text': "like there is, geniuses out there that are unheard, but because there's so much noise, you do have to weigh, like hire,", 'start': 11396.458, 'duration': 12.311}, {'end': 11414.794, 'text': "the Ed Wittens of the world when they make statements, and that's why you build up a track record.", 'start': 11408.769, 'duration': 6.025}], 'summary': "In a world of noise, it's important to weigh the statements of geniuses like ed witten to build a track record.", 'duration': 26.76, 'max_score': 11388.034, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs811388034.jpg'}, {'end': 11473.504, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11443.568, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 11445.008, 'text': 'Meteorite at a time.', 'start': 11443.568, 'duration': 1.44}, {'end': 11460.202, 'text': "Because then I mean because then there's something about the scientific community that they have perhaps an oversensitive bullshit sensor to where they're not going to give the full effort of their attention if you don't have the track record.", 'start': 11445.248, 'duration': 14.954}, {'end': 11465.803, 'text': "Now, you could say that's a kind of club that only you have to have 10, you have to have this.", 'start': 11460.242, 'duration': 5.561}, {'end': 11473.504, 'text': "Yes, that exists, but there's some aspect in which you have to play the game a little bit to get the machine of science going.", 'start': 11465.883, 'duration': 7.621}], 'summary': 'Scientific community requires track record for full attention, playing the game is necessary for scientific progress.', 'duration': 29.936, 'max_score': 11443.568, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs811443568.jpg'}, {'end': 11530.78, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11506.976, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 11514.324, 'text': "I think doing that, first of all, I think there's an element of almost snarkiness, because none of these scientists are believing Gnostics.", 'start': 11506.976, 'duration': 7.348}, {'end': 11517.326, 'text': "They're not theists, right? So they're using it as kind of a stand-in.", 'start': 11514.764, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 11521.751, 'text': "And they always talk about Einstein, and he was like a Spinozan, and he wasn't a theist.", 'start': 11517.707, 'duration': 4.044}, {'end': 11523.012, 'text': "God doesn't play dice.", 'start': 11522.091, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 11525.214, 'text': "Einstein's mentions of God, yeah.", 'start': 11523.152, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 11530.78, 'text': "Yeah, and then Stephen Hawking says, when we get M-theory understood, we'll know the mind of God.", 'start': 11525.234, 'duration': 5.546}], 'summary': "Scientists use references to god as stand-ins, like einstein's 'god doesn't play dice' and hawking's 'know the mind of god'.", 'duration': 23.804, 'max_score': 11506.976, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs811506976.jpg'}, {'end': 11600.02, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11566.059, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 11567.56, 'text': 'Again, you have to go in with some swagger.', 'start': 11566.059, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 11572.783, 'text': 'You have to have a little bit of arrogance, but you should, I agree, mix with a little bit of humility.', 'start': 11567.74, 'duration': 5.043}, {'end': 11573.844, 'text': "So he's doing something.", 'start': 11572.843, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 11575.725, 'text': 'He comes from outside of academia.', 'start': 11574.204, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 11577.966, 'text': "Now, if he rails against, I'm talking about Eric now.", 'start': 11576.005, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 11579.667, 'text': "If he's just railing oh the system.", 'start': 11578.286, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 11583.75, 'text': "and I'm not going to publish because F, that and that's only created by greedy journals.", 'start': 11579.667, 'duration': 4.083}, {'end': 11585.331, 'text': "I don't think he's doing himself any favors.", 'start': 11583.75, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 11588.132, 'text': "On the other hand, if he's shopping it, if he's talking it,", 'start': 11585.631, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 11600.02, 'text': "if he's willing to expose it to criticism and to even embrace people who may not have the purest intentions, perhaps, but in the sense of like,", 'start': 11588.132, 'duration': 11.888}], 'summary': 'Balancing arrogance with humility is key in academia; openness to criticism and embracing different perspectives is important for success.', 'duration': 33.961, 'max_score': 11566.059, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs811566059.jpg'}, {'end': 11730.259, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11700.299, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 11701.599, 'text': "It's part of the Assayer project.", 'start': 11700.299, 'duration': 1.3}, {'end': 11703.96, 'text': "And actually, I shouldn't say that there are no people.", 'start': 11702.04, 'duration': 1.92}, {'end': 11704.661, 'text': 'There are very serious.', 'start': 11704, 'duration': 0.661}, {'end': 11709.523, 'text': 'Louis Alvarez-Gaumet at SUNY Stony Brook, the Simon Center for Geometrical Physics.', 'start': 11704.721, 'duration': 4.802}, {'end': 11712.244, 'text': 'So he and I are running this seminar.', 'start': 11710.143, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 11715.745, 'text': "Hopefully this summer we're going to reenact the famous Shelter Island conferences of the 1900s.", 'start': 11712.284, 'duration': 3.461}, {'end': 11720.649, 'text': 'where Feynman got together and they calculated the Lamb shift.', 'start': 11717.546, 'duration': 3.103}, {'end': 11722.651, 'text': 'But what did that feature?', 'start': 11721.11, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 11730.259, 'text': 'The harmony, the resonant minds behind the best experimentalists in cosmology, particle physics, condensed matter,', 'start': 11722.671, 'duration': 7.588}], 'summary': 'Planning to reenact shelter island conferences with louis alvarez-gaumet at suny stony brook to gather top minds in physics and calculate the lamb shift.', 'duration': 29.96, 'max_score': 11700.299, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs811700299.jpg'}, {'end': 11779.977, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11750.377, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 11757.343, 'text': 'There is a aspect that I hope to see, and it goes back to our sort of discussion about Joe Rogan.', 'start': 11750.377, 'duration': 6.966}, {'end': 11761.226, 'text': 'I do hope to see sort of love and humility in the presentation.', 'start': 11758.123, 'duration': 3.103}, {'end': 11769.429, 'text': "Like let go of this kind of, fear of your ideas being stolen and the ego that's inherent to the scientific pursuit.", 'start': 11761.266, 'duration': 8.163}, {'end': 11779.977, 'text': "And now that everybody's established and known entities, let go of that a little bit so we can explore and celebrate ideas.", 'start': 11769.569, 'duration': 10.408}], 'summary': 'Encourage love, humility, and openness in scientific pursuits for idea exploration and celebration.', 'duration': 29.6, 'max_score': 11750.377, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs811750377.jpg'}, {'end': 11853.2, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11823.381, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 11826.404, 'text': "by the way, we spent all this time, lex, and i don't know why it is.", 'start': 11823.381, 'duration': 3.023}, {'end': 11828.586, 'text': "it's a phenomenon purely in theoretical physics.", 'start': 11826.404, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 11832.589, 'text': "people are looking for the toe and they're overlooking the gut.", 'start': 11828.586, 'duration': 4.003}, {'end': 11838.612, 'text': "In other words, they're spending all this time in the theory of everything, the God, and there's this gut that unifies the three stronger forces.", 'start': 11832.909, 'duration': 5.703}, {'end': 11840.213, 'text': "We don't have a single theory for that.", 'start': 11838.752, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 11842.935, 'text': "And people like Glashow, they've tried and failed at it.", 'start': 11840.273, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 11843.915, 'text': "Yeah, for people who don't know,", 'start': 11842.955, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 11853.2, 'text': "there's four forces gut grant unification theories that unifies the three forces stuff and trying to get a shortcut to the theory of everything which unifies the four.", 'start': 11843.915, 'duration': 9.285}], 'summary': 'The gut unifies three stronger forces, but lacks a single theory. glashow has failed at unification theories.', 'duration': 29.819, 'max_score': 11823.381, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs811823381.jpg'}, {'end': 11914.672, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11889.818, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 11898.394, 'text': "The only two people in this book of nine Nobel laureates who told me they don't have the imposter syndrome were two theorists Frank Wilczek and Sheldon Glashow.", 'start': 11889.818, 'duration': 8.576}, {'end': 11904.609, 'text': "And, you know, Frank is a pretty interesting, and I know eventually we're gonna talk about the meaning of life, but you talk about Frank.", 'start': 11899.528, 'duration': 5.081}, {'end': 11914.672, 'text': 'Frank invented this theory along with his advisor and another, a third person, in the early 1970s, which from 1974, three when he was at Princeton,', 'start': 11905.309, 'duration': 9.363}], 'summary': "Two out of nine nobel laureates in the book don't have imposter syndrome, including theorists frank wilczek and sheldon glashow.", 'duration': 24.854, 'max_score': 11889.818, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs811889818.jpg'}], 'start': 10797.879, 'title': 'Assessing expertise and scientific challenges', 'summary': 'Delves into evaluating expertise in physics and economics, stressing the importance of proven track records and recognition. it also explores challenges in gaining credibility within the scientific community, emphasizing the need to exhibit a blend of arrogance and humility, and discusses the assayer project, highlighting the significance of love and humility in scientific presentations and the pursuit of theories of everything.', 'chapters': [{'end': 11443.007, 'start': 10797.879, 'title': 'Evaluating expertise in physics and economics', 'summary': 'Discusses the assessment of expertise in physics and economics, emphasizing the need for proven track records and recognition within academic communities, using examples from historical and contemporary physicists and the challenges of distinguishing genuine innovation from noise.', 'duration': 645.128, 'highlights': ['The importance of proven expertise and recognition within academic communities is emphasized in assessing expertise in physics and economics, with a focus on the challenges of distinguishing genuine innovation from noise. Emphasizes the importance of proven expertise and recognition within academic communities, challenges of distinguishing genuine innovation from noise', 'Comparing the track record of experts like James Clerk Maxwell and Juan Maldacena, highlighting the skepticism faced by new ideas and the necessity of building a track record to establish credibility. Comparison of track records of experts, highlighting skepticism faced by new ideas, necessity of building a track record to establish credibility', 'Discussing the challenges of distinguishing genuine innovation from noise in the field of artificial intelligence and the importance of weighing expertise and track records when assessing new ideas. Challenges of distinguishing genuine innovation from noise in artificial intelligence, importance of weighing expertise and track records']}, {'end': 11699.919, 'start': 11443.568, 'title': 'Challenges in scientific community', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges of gaining credibility within the scientific community, emphasizing the need to play the game and exhibit a blend of arrogance and humility, while also touching on the portrayal of god and the dynamics of academic relationships.', 'duration': 256.351, 'highlights': ['The scientific community requires a certain level of credibility and track record for full attention and participation, creating a need to play the game to get the machine of science going. The scientific community demands a track record for attention, emphasizing the need to play the game to propel the machine of science forward.', "The discussion on the portrayal of God and the use of references to God by scientists, emphasizing the lack of belief in God as a prerequisite, while acknowledging the topic's association with God. The debate surrounding the portrayal of God and references to God by scientists, highlighting the lack of belief in God as a prerequisite, despite the association with the topic.", 'The dynamics of academic relationships and the importance of exhibiting a blend of arrogance and humility, along with the need to embrace criticism and diverse perspectives while navigating academia. Emphasizing the dynamics of academic relationships and the significance of demonstrating a blend of arrogance and humility, as well as embracing criticism and diverse perspectives within academia.']}, {'end': 11980.302, 'start': 11700.299, 'title': 'The assayer project and scientific collaboration', 'summary': 'Discusses the assayer project and the upcoming reenactment of the shelter island conferences, emphasizing the importance of love and humility in scientific presentations, the pursuit of theories of everything, and the challenges faced by nobel laureates in overcoming imposter syndrome.', 'duration': 280.003, 'highlights': ['Louis Alvarez-Gaumet at SUNY Stony Brook and the speaker are running the Assayer project seminar, with plans to reenact the Shelter Island conferences of the 1900s, emphasizing collaboration and knowledge sharing.', 'The chapter highlights the importance of love and humility in scientific presentations, encouraging the release of fear and ego for the exploration and celebration of ideas.', 'The discussion delves into the pursuit of theories of everything, including disagreements on scientific claims and the distinction between the theory of everything and the gut unifying the three stronger forces, shedding light on the challenges and differing perspectives in theoretical physics.', "The chapter also explores the challenges faced by Nobel laureates, particularly the imposter syndrome, with insights from Frank Wilczek and Sheldon Glashow's confidence and dedication in their scientific pursuits."]}], 'duration': 1182.423, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs810797879.jpg', 'highlights': ['Emphasizes the importance of proven expertise and recognition within academic communities, challenges of distinguishing genuine innovation from noise', 'Comparison of track records of experts, highlighting skepticism faced by new ideas, necessity of building a track record to establish credibility', 'Challenges of distinguishing genuine innovation from noise in artificial intelligence, importance of weighing expertise and track records', 'The scientific community demands a track record for attention, emphasizing the need to play the game to propel the machine of science forward', 'The debate surrounding the portrayal of God and references to God by scientists, highlighting the lack of belief in God as a prerequisite, despite the association with the topic', 'Emphasizing the dynamics of academic relationships and the significance of demonstrating a blend of arrogance and humility, as well as embracing criticism and diverse perspectives within academia', 'Louis Alvarez-Gaumet at SUNY Stony Brook and the speaker are running the Assayer project seminar, with plans to reenact the Shelter Island conferences of the 1900s, emphasizing collaboration and knowledge sharing', 'The chapter highlights the importance of love and humility in scientific presentations, encouraging the release of fear and ego for the exploration and celebration of ideas', 'The discussion delves into the pursuit of theories of everything, including disagreements on scientific claims and the distinction between the theory of everything and the gut unifying the three stronger forces, shedding light on the challenges and differing perspectives in theoretical physics', "The chapter also explores the challenges faced by Nobel laureates, particularly the imposter syndrome, with insights from Frank Wilczek and Sheldon Glashow's confidence and dedication in their scientific pursuits"]}, {'end': 13270.723, 'segs': [{'end': 12226.247, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12195.233, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 12197.674, 'text': 'Is dark energy a constant or does it vary??', 'start': 12195.233, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 12200.795, 'text': 'That has to vary in order for this theory to be true,', 'start': 12198.294, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 12206.298, 'text': 'because that eventually has to decay so that the universe can not support itself and collapse again, again, classically.', 'start': 12200.795, 'duration': 5.503}, {'end': 12208.559, 'text': 'So we could use low energy phenomenon.', 'start': 12206.718, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 12214.822, 'text': "It's hard to think of supernova as being a low energy phenomenon, but we use that as a tracer of the cosmic expansion field and see,", 'start': 12208.579, 'duration': 6.243}, {'end': 12216.502, 'text': 'does it change or is it a constant?', 'start': 12214.822, 'duration': 1.68}, {'end': 12222.505, 'text': "That's an example of a low energy limit to prove a high energy phenomenon like this collapsing universe in the cyclic model.", 'start': 12216.582, 'duration': 5.923}, {'end': 12226.247, 'text': 'Speaking of things that cost a lot, but are super exciting.', 'start': 12223.085, 'duration': 3.162}], 'summary': 'Dark energy must vary for the theory to be true, decay to collapse, using supernova as a tracer of cosmic expansion.', 'duration': 31.014, 'max_score': 12195.233, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs812195233.jpg'}, {'end': 12309.374, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12285.588, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 12296.572, 'text': 'Is this as somebody who likes telescopes and this is one of the I think it says took 20 years to build $9.7 billion.', 'start': 12285.588, 'duration': 10.984}, {'end': 12299.193, 'text': 'Is that way too much, too little?', 'start': 12296.712, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 12300.514, 'text': 'Are you excited about this thing?', 'start': 12299.313, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 12309.374, 'text': "It's sufficiently different from what I do in my field that it's incredibly interesting to me, because I have no horse in that race.", 'start': 12301.371, 'duration': 8.003}], 'summary': 'Telescope took 20 years and $9.7 billion, exciting but not my field.', 'duration': 23.786, 'max_score': 12285.588, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs812285588.jpg'}, {'end': 12539.591, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12507.431, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 12510.533, 'text': 'that was its key project when it was designed and launched.', 'start': 12507.431, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 12514.594, 'text': "um but because it is optical telescope, it's sensitive to more.", 'start': 12510.533, 'duration': 4.061}, {'end': 12517.215, 'text': 'you know, close-in red shifts, so shorter distances.', 'start': 12514.594, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 12518.916, 'text': 'now, james webb is much, much higher.', 'start': 12517.215, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 12521.577, 'text': 'redshift, it can probe the darker, deeper, distant universe.', 'start': 12518.916, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 12526.526, 'text': "Okay, let's talk about not the distant universe but our neighboring planets.", 'start': 12522.324, 'duration': 4.202}, {'end': 12529.187, 'text': 'First, I gotta ask you about the moon.', 'start': 12527.206, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 12539.591, 'text': "So there's a piece of the moon on this table that you've given me that we didn't have to pick up that arrived here.", 'start': 12532.408, 'duration': 7.183}], 'summary': 'James webb optical telescope can probe the distant universe with higher redshift, while also observing neighboring planets and moon samples on earth.', 'duration': 32.16, 'max_score': 12507.431, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs812507431.jpg'}, {'end': 12642.904, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12616.54, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 12623.522, 'text': "So I'm actually not of the opinion that there is life elsewhere in the universe, at least technological life that we can see.", 'start': 12616.54, 'duration': 6.982}, {'end': 12625.062, 'text': 'I see this look of horror on your face.', 'start': 12623.582, 'duration': 1.48}, {'end': 12631.271, 'text': 'I am personally extremely pessimistic, would be extremely surprised.', 'start': 12626.123, 'duration': 5.148}, {'end': 12639.302, 'text': "I'm curious by the transition, because you just said that life could have arrived from Mars,", 'start': 12631.631, 'duration': 7.671}, {'end': 12642.904, 'text': 'or like from planet to planet because of the meteorites striking it and so on.', 'start': 12639.302, 'duration': 3.602}], 'summary': 'Speaker is pessimistic about finding technological life elsewhere in the universe, despite considering the possibility of life arriving from mars or other planets via meteorites.', 'duration': 26.364, 'max_score': 12616.54, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs812616540.jpg'}, {'end': 12996.429, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12967.885, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 12970.045, 'text': 'All the different things that we have to get to technological life.', 'start': 12967.885, 'duration': 2.16}, {'end': 12979.668, 'text': "There's only 10 to the, only, there's 10 to the 22nd, we think, planets in the observable universe, not the galaxy.", 'start': 12971.018, 'duration': 8.65}, {'end': 12988.766, 'text': "So that's 100 times fewer than the probability to get, you know, 100% clearing these eight very low hurdles of one in 1,000.", 'start': 12980.429, 'duration': 8.337}, {'end': 12996.429, 'text': "That's fascinating, because now I really need to listen to your conversation with Lee Cronin, who I believe you had, because he believes the opposite.", 'start': 12988.766, 'duration': 7.663}], 'summary': 'There are 10^22 planets in the observable universe, 100 times fewer than the probability to clear 8 low hurdles of 1 in 1,000.', 'duration': 28.544, 'max_score': 12967.885, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs812967885.jpg'}, {'end': 13247.548, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13224.662, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 13232.964, 'text': "it's such a humbling force, or maybe not, or maybe it's a motivator to say, yeah, I don't know which force would take over.", 'start': 13224.662, 'duration': 8.302}, {'end': 13238.766, 'text': 'Maybe it would be governments with military start to think like well, how do we kill it??', 'start': 13233.144, 'duration': 5.622}, {'end': 13243.027, 'text': "If there's a lot of life out there, how do we create the defenses?", 'start': 13240.266, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 13243.987, 'text': 'How do we extract it?', 'start': 13243.067, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 13247.548, 'text': 'Or yeah, or mine it for benefits.', 'start': 13244.167, 'duration': 3.381}], 'summary': 'Discussion on the possibility of extraterrestrial life and its implications on defense and resource extraction.', 'duration': 22.886, 'max_score': 13224.662, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs813224662.jpg'}], 'start': 11980.703, 'title': 'Scientific phenomena and space exploration', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of low-energy experiments, the potential of the james webb space telescope, the origin of moon rock and panspermia theory, and the unique nature and challenges of studying the origin of life. it also assesses the probability of achieving technological life in the universe and the potential impact of discovering extraterrestrial life on human society.', 'chapters': [{'end': 12261.119, 'start': 11980.703, 'title': 'Low energy phenomena and cost-effective experiments', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of focusing on low energy experiments for testing phenomena and the cost-effectiveness of scientific projects, including questioning the feasibility and cost of large-scale accelerators and the potential of using low energy phenomena to study high energy events.', 'duration': 280.416, 'highlights': ["Isaac Newton's low energy experiment using prisms to demonstrate color synthesis without high-energy equipment. Newton's low energy experiment with prisms to show color synthesis without high-energy equipment showcases the potential of low energy experiments in proving scientific principles.", 'Questioning the cost and feasibility of large scientific projects like the future circular collider and emphasizing the 10% per year operating cost rule of thumb. The discussion on the cost and feasibility of large scientific projects, such as the future circular collider, and the emphasis on the 10% per year operating cost rule of thumb provides insight into the practical considerations of funding and managing complex scientific endeavors.', 'Exploring the potential of using low energy phenomena, such as supernova explosions, as tracers of cosmic expansion to study high energy phenomena like the collapsing universe in the cyclic model. The exploration of using low energy phenomena, like supernova explosions, as tracers of cosmic expansion to study high energy phenomena, such as the collapsing universe in the cyclic model, highlights the innovative approach to leveraging natural phenomena for scientific research.']}, {'end': 12529.187, 'start': 12261.42, 'title': 'James webb space telescope', 'summary': 'Discusses the james webb space telescope, its $9.7 billion cost, potential impact, and the risks associated with its success, while also highlighting the capabilities to transform our understanding of the universe and neighboring planets.', 'duration': 267.767, 'highlights': ["The James Webb Space Telescope cost $9.7 billion and took 20 years to build, posing significant risks if it fails, potentially dampening public inspiration for space science and engineering. The telescope's substantial cost of $9.7 billion and 20 years of construction pose significant risks to the public's inspiration for space science and engineering if it fails, potentially dampening the prospects and inspiration of the public for what science and engineering can do in space.", 'The telescope is anticipated to transform our understanding of the universe by enabling the discovery of extrasolar planets with moons, asteroid belts, and even extrasolar planets in other galaxies, as well as conduct spectroscopy and imaging to probe the distant universe. The James Webb Space Telescope is expected to transform our understanding of the universe by enabling the discovery of extrasolar planets with moons, asteroid belts, and even extrasolar planets in other galaxies, as well as conduct spectroscopy and imaging to probe the distant universe.', "The telescope's capabilities include the ability to go back farther in time than the Hubble telescope, allowing for the study of cosmology and measurement of the Hubble constant. The James Webb Space Telescope's capabilities include the ability to go back farther in time than the Hubble telescope, allowing for the study of cosmology and measurement of the Hubble constant."]}, {'end': 12713.324, 'start': 12532.408, 'title': 'Origin of moon rock and panspermia theory', 'summary': 'Explains how a piece of moon rock arrived on earth, the concept of panspermia, and the potential for life spreading throughout the galaxy, along with the skepticism towards finding technological life in the universe.', 'duration': 180.916, 'highlights': ["The moon rock arrived on Earth via gravity and was not collected by the Apollo astronauts due to legal restrictions. The moon rock's delivery method and legal restrictions on owning pieces of the moon.", 'Pieces of Mars and Earth can be exchanged, raising the possibility of life transferring between planets in the solar system and beyond. The concept of panspermia and the potential for life to spread throughout the galaxy.', "Expressing skepticism about the existence of technological life in the universe, emphasizing the mystery of the origin of life on Earth. The skepticism towards finding technological life in the universe and the mystery of life's origin on Earth."]}, {'end': 12905.755, 'start': 12713.944, 'title': 'Origin of life: a special event', 'summary': 'Discusses the unique nature of the origin of life on earth, the challenges of studying it due to the lack of evidence, and the implications for our understanding of life in the universe, highlighting the complexity of replicating and understanding the origin of life.', 'duration': 191.811, 'highlights': ['Studying the origin of life on Earth is complicated due to the lack of evidence and the unique nature of the event.', 'The implications of life not originating on Earth would challenge our current understanding of life in the universe and the basic prerequisites of life.', 'The complexity of replicating and understanding the origin of life is a huge question that involves going from inanimate to animate objects.', 'The necessity of specific conditions, planetary phenomena, and celestial bodies for the sustenance of life further complicates the study of the origin of life.', "The speaker reflects on the challenges of discussing complex topics and emphasizes the inevitability of saying 'stupid things' at times."]}, {'end': 13270.723, 'start': 12910.999, 'title': 'Probability of technological life', 'summary': 'Discusses the probability of achieving technological life in the universe by highlighting the low likelihood of clearing the eight hurdles for eukaryotic life and debates the potential impact of discovering extraterrestrial life on human society.', 'duration': 359.724, 'highlights': ['Lee Cronin believes that the evolution of biology on Earth could have occurred in almost an infinite number of ways, suggesting that achieving technological life may be trivial, contrary to the low probability of clearing eight hurdles for eukaryotic life.', 'The chapter emphasizes the low probability of overcoming the eight hurdles for eukaryotic life, estimated at 1 in 10 to the 24th power, due to the numerous factors required for the development of technological life.', 'The discussion also raises the question of the potential societal impact of discovering extraterrestrial life, considering the current destructive behavior of humanity towards the environment and each other.', 'The speaker challenges the transformative nature of discovering extraterrestrial life, arguing that it may not significantly alter human behavior and societal dynamics given the existing destructive tendencies and lack of action towards environmental preservation and poverty alleviation.']}], 'duration': 1290.02, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs811980703.jpg', 'highlights': ['The James Webb Space Telescope is expected to transform our understanding of the universe by enabling the discovery of extrasolar planets with moons, asteroid belts, and even extrasolar planets in other galaxies, as well as conduct spectroscopy and imaging to probe the distant universe.', 'The exploration of using low energy phenomena, like supernova explosions, as tracers of cosmic expansion to study high energy phenomena, such as the collapsing universe in the cyclic model, highlights the innovative approach to leveraging natural phenomena for scientific research.', "The telescope's substantial cost of $9.7 billion and 20 years of construction pose significant risks to the public's inspiration for space science and engineering if it fails, potentially dampening the prospects and inspiration of the public for what science and engineering can do in space.", 'The chapter emphasizes the low probability of overcoming the eight hurdles for eukaryotic life, estimated at 1 in 10 to the 24th power, due to the numerous factors required for the development of technological life.', "The skepticism towards finding technological life in the universe and the mystery of life's origin on Earth.", 'The discussion also raises the question of the potential societal impact of discovering extraterrestrial life, considering the current destructive behavior of humanity towards the environment and each other.']}, {'end': 14372.315, 'segs': [{'end': 13299.672, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13270.743, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 13272.185, 'text': "You're not gonna think about certain things.", 'start': 13270.743, 'duration': 1.442}, {'end': 13275.746, 'text': 'But I just think there is a sort of wish fulfillment.', 'start': 13272.745, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 13281.127, 'text': "Like every time there's, why are we going to Mars and digging and flying this cool-ass helicopter? We're looking for water.", 'start': 13275.786, 'duration': 5.341}, {'end': 13283.088, 'text': 'Like stipulate that water was there.', 'start': 13281.267, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 13284.928, 'text': 'Like, I believe there was water.', 'start': 13283.708, 'duration': 1.22}, {'end': 13287.629, 'text': 'I think we should investigate and see what the geology was like.', 'start': 13284.948, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 13291.13, 'text': "But don't you think, so you're saying- I don't think you're gonna get meaning from it.", 'start': 13288.169, 'duration': 2.961}, {'end': 13291.71, 'text': "That's all I'm saying.", 'start': 13291.17, 'duration': 0.54}, {'end': 13293.531, 'text': "I'm not saying it's not worth doing.", 'start': 13292.39, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 13299.672, 'text': "I'm just saying there's a wish fulfillment aspect that people will find meaning for life from science.", 'start': 13293.751, 'duration': 5.921}], 'summary': 'Discussion about mars exploration and the search for water, questioning the meaning and fulfillment derived from scientific pursuits.', 'duration': 28.929, 'max_score': 13270.743, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs813270743.jpg'}, {'end': 13332.914, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13304.407, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 13317.234, 'text': "What if it's this intelligent civilization, living obviously probably not on Mars, but somewhere like in a neighboring galaxy, that we sorry,", 'start': 13304.407, 'duration': 12.827}, {'end': 13322.317, 'text': 'in a neighboring star system, that we discover?', 'start': 13317.234, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 13324.819, 'text': "don't you think that profound change in meaning?", 'start': 13322.317, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 13332.914, 'text': 'I mean, I guess again, I assume that because of this pan-sameric process or whatever, that the probability is much, much greater than zero.', 'start': 13325.387, 'duration': 7.527}], 'summary': 'Discovery of an intelligent civilization in a neighboring star system could profoundly change our understanding, with a high probability.', 'duration': 28.507, 'max_score': 13304.407, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs813304407.jpg'}, {'end': 13466.644, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13421.443, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 13428.688, 'text': "Again, I'm not like a practicing, I'm not like, you know, like I'm not like full on into my birth religion, Judaism.", 'start': 13421.443, 'duration': 7.245}, {'end': 13440.663, 'text': 'But at the same token, one of the things Einstein did say is that religion without science is lame, and science without religion is lame.', 'start': 13429.688, 'duration': 10.975}, {'end': 13442.045, 'text': "It's blind and lame.", 'start': 13441.224, 'duration': 0.821}, {'end': 13447.433, 'text': "Anyway, the point is that you can't get meaning from just knowing facts.", 'start': 13442.126, 'duration': 5.307}, {'end': 13451.515, 'text': 'Like Wikipedia knows more than all of us will ever know, right? It has no wisdom.', 'start': 13447.473, 'duration': 4.042}, {'end': 13453.757, 'text': 'Wisdom, it means sapien.', 'start': 13452.056, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 13455.557, 'text': 'The word wisdom in Latin is sapien.', 'start': 13453.877, 'duration': 1.68}, {'end': 13456.358, 'text': 'We are wise.', 'start': 13455.618, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 13460.84, 'text': "And by the way, do you know what we're, our real name is Homo sapiens sapien.", 'start': 13456.758, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 13462.942, 'text': "So it's man who knows that he knows.", 'start': 13461.281, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 13466.644, 'text': "Do you know what he knows? Do you know what the knowing is? It's that he's gonna die.", 'start': 13463.182, 'duration': 3.462}], 'summary': 'Einstein emphasized the importance of combining religion and science, highlighting the significance of wisdom and the realization of human mortality.', 'duration': 45.201, 'max_score': 13421.443, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs813421443.jpg'}, {'end': 13574.188, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13547.498, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 13556.323, 'text': 'But like also unapologetically, he says, you know, we will know God or we will know the mind of God or whatever the quotes, those kinds of things.', 'start': 13547.498, 'duration': 8.825}, {'end': 13569.249, 'text': "That's exciting, that physics might be able to find equations that unlock our origins at the very core and, like the fabric of it, all too,", 'start': 13558.504, 'duration': 10.745}, {'end': 13570.33, 'text': 'not just our origins.', 'start': 13569.249, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 13574.188, 'text': "you know, what's at the beginning.", 'start': 13571.687, 'duration': 2.501}], 'summary': 'Physics may unlock our origins and the fabric of the universe.', 'duration': 26.69, 'max_score': 13547.498, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs813547498.jpg'}, {'end': 13787.542, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13757.086, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 13759.147, 'text': "Now you've got 2 million followers, 5 million, whatever.", 'start': 13757.086, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 13760.668, 'text': "It doesn't do anything.", 'start': 13759.527, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 13761.968, 'text': "It's called the hedonic treadmill.", 'start': 13760.748, 'duration': 1.22}, {'end': 13767.851, 'text': 'Like once you get to a certain level, it takes a lot more change, and followers money impact women.', 'start': 13762.008, 'duration': 5.843}, {'end': 13771.713, 'text': 'whatever you want to make, you have one more quanta of happiness, right?', 'start': 13767.851, 'duration': 3.862}, {'end': 13775.555, 'text': 'On the other hand, this is a concept from entropy.', 'start': 13772.314, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 13779.377, 'text': 'I could make your life miserable in an infinite number of ways.', 'start': 13776.296, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 13783.7, 'text': "In other words, there's more space to make your life unhappy than happy.", 'start': 13779.638, 'duration': 4.062}, {'end': 13787.542, 'text': 'And so I thought about that in the context of what Sam said about happiness.', 'start': 13784.58, 'duration': 2.962}], 'summary': "Having millions of followers or money doesn't guarantee happiness due to the concept of hedonic treadmill and entropy, which suggests more potential for unhappiness than happiness.", 'duration': 30.456, 'max_score': 13757.086, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs813757086.jpg'}, {'end': 13884.722, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13859.793, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 13868.881, 'text': "and when we think about what is good, let's do those things that would devastate us, and a lot of that could be relationships.", 'start': 13859.793, 'duration': 9.088}, {'end': 13877.255, 'text': "And there's a powerful concept from network theory, which is that the number of connections.", 'start': 13870.029, 'duration': 7.226}, {'end': 13882.5, 'text': "in a network I'm just saying it for your own it grows as the square of the elements in the matrix, in the number, right?", 'start': 13877.255, 'duration': 5.245}, {'end': 13884.722, 'text': 'So you think of a matrix with n people.', 'start': 13882.66, 'duration': 2.062}], 'summary': 'Building good relationships is essential, as connections in a network grow exponentially.', 'duration': 24.929, 'max_score': 13859.793, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs813859793.jpg'}, {'end': 13948.329, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13919.847, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 13924.889, 'text': 'And I think that is where purpose and maybe approaching some notion of God can come from.', 'start': 13919.847, 'duration': 5.042}, {'end': 13935.801, 'text': "So that is a source of meaning, maximizing the goodness in life, and the way you know it's good is if it's taken away, it would devastate you.", 'start': 13925.674, 'duration': 10.127}, {'end': 13937.142, 'text': "That's one way.", 'start': 13936.601, 'duration': 0.541}, {'end': 13942.565, 'text': 'Think about it, your brand, your business, your spouse, your kids.', 'start': 13939.123, 'duration': 3.442}, {'end': 13948.329, 'text': "I mean, parents can't, I've known parents that have, Jim Simons, here's a perfect example.", 'start': 13943.466, 'duration': 4.863}], 'summary': 'Finding purpose in life through meaningful relationships and experiences is crucial for personal fulfillment.', 'duration': 28.482, 'max_score': 13919.847, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs813919847.jpg'}, {'end': 14170.386, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14144.664, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 14154.192, 'text': "and that to me is why I mean that feels to me like a healthy way to live life and at least for me, it's the one I really enjoy.", 'start': 14144.664, 'duration': 9.528}, {'end': 14162.199, 'text': 'A lot of people tell me that maybe being so self-critical, so hard on yourself, is not a good way to go, but more and more as I get older,', 'start': 14154.212, 'duration': 7.987}, {'end': 14163.72, 'text': "I realize it's just who I am.", 'start': 14162.199, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 14170.386, 'text': "You have to at a certain point accept this is how I'm always going to be, this self-critical.", 'start': 14163.74, 'duration': 6.646}], 'summary': 'Accepting self-criticism as a healthy way to live life.', 'duration': 25.722, 'max_score': 14144.664, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs814144664.jpg'}], 'start': 13270.743, 'title': 'Finding meaning in scientific exploration, understanding human essence, and self-reflection', 'summary': 'Explores the search for meaning in scientific exploration, including the possibility of finding water on mars and life beyond earth. it delves into human mortality, happiness, and relationships, and discusses self-criticism and the altering effects of fame, money, and power, providing insights on personal experiences and reflections on the nature of god.', 'chapters': [{'end': 13447.433, 'start': 13270.743, 'title': 'The search for meaning in scientific exploration', 'summary': 'Explores the search for meaning in scientific exploration, including the possibility of finding water on mars, the likelihood of life beyond earth, and the intersection of religion and science in the quest for understanding, with a focus on the existential value of scientific pursuits.', 'duration': 176.69, 'highlights': ['The search for water on Mars and its potential geological implications is discussed. The speaker emphasizes the wish fulfillment aspect of searching for water on Mars and the importance of investigating its geology.', 'The probability of finding life beyond Earth and the potential impact on existential meaning is considered. The discussion delves into the likelihood of discovering an intelligent civilization in a neighboring star system and its profound impact on existential meaning.', "The intersection of religion and science in the quest for meaning is explored. The speaker touches on the religious undercurrent in scientific exploration and references Einstein's statement on the complementary nature of religion and science."]}, {'end': 13919.647, 'start': 13447.473, 'title': 'Understanding homo sapiens sapien', 'summary': 'Delves into the unique knowledge of human mortality, the concept of happiness and the potential for belief in an infinite source of goodness, while emphasizing the value of relationships and increasing high-quality connections.', 'duration': 472.174, 'highlights': ["The word 'wisdom' in Latin is sapien, and as Homo sapiens sapien, we are the only creatures that know we are going to die.", "The concept of happiness is explored, highlighting the hedonic treadmill and the role of entropy in determining what truly impacts one's happiness.", 'The discussion turns to the potential for belief in an infinite source of goodness, emphasizing the importance of increasing credulity in the goodness of life and the value of relationships in network theory.']}, {'end': 14372.315, 'start': 13919.847, 'title': 'Finding purpose and self-criticism', 'summary': 'Discusses the source of meaning in life, the altering effects of fame, money, and power, and the importance of self-criticism in living a healthy and fulfilling life, with insights on personal experiences and reflections on the nature of god.', 'duration': 452.468, 'highlights': ['The source of meaning in life is maximizing the goodness that, when taken away, would devastate you, such as family and values, and the altering effects of fame, money, and power are discussed. Maximizing the goodness in life and its impact, reflections on the altering effects of fame, money, and power.', 'The importance of self-criticism in living a healthy and fulfilling life, with personal reflections on being highly self-critical and the happiness derived from simple experiences. Emphasis on self-criticism, finding happiness in simple experiences.', 'Reflections on the nature of God, clues of beauty in the world, and the intricate beauty of scientific equations are shared, questioning the notion of God and leaving clues of beauty for humanity. Reflections on the nature of God, the beauty of scientific equations, and leaving clues of beauty for humanity.']}], 'duration': 1101.572, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/nhGwJLXzHs8/pics/nhGwJLXzHs813270743.jpg', 'highlights': ['The probability of finding life beyond Earth and the potential impact on existential meaning is considered. The discussion delves into the likelihood of discovering an intelligent civilization in a neighboring star system and its profound impact on existential meaning.', 'The search for water on Mars and its potential geological implications is discussed. The speaker emphasizes the wish fulfillment aspect of searching for water on Mars and the importance of investigating its geology.', "The intersection of religion and science in the quest for meaning is explored. The speaker touches on the religious undercurrent in scientific exploration and references Einstein's statement on the complementary nature of religion and science.", 'The source of meaning in life is maximizing the goodness that, when taken away, would devastate you, such as family and values, and the altering effects of fame, money, and power are discussed. Maximizing the goodness in life and its impact, reflections on the altering effects of fame, money, and power.', 'The importance of self-criticism in living a healthy and fulfilling life, with personal reflections on being highly self-critical and the happiness derived from simple experiences. Emphasis on self-criticism, finding happiness in simple experiences.', 'Reflections on the nature of God, clues of beauty in the world, and the intricate beauty of scientific equations are shared, questioning the notion of God and leaving clues of beauty for humanity. Reflections on the nature of God, the beauty of scientific equations, and leaving clues of beauty for humanity.', "The concept of happiness is explored, highlighting the hedonic treadmill and the role of entropy in determining what truly impacts one's happiness.", "The word 'wisdom' in Latin is sapien, and as Homo sapiens sapien, we are the only creatures that know we are going to die.", 'The discussion turns to the potential for belief in an infinite source of goodness, emphasizing the importance of increasing credulity in the goodness of life and the value of relationships in network theory.']}], 'highlights': ["The invention of the OG telescope by Hans Lippershey and its transformative impact on human civilization and the way we perceive the universe, with Galileo's significant improvement on the device.", "The remarkable capability of radio telescopes to remotely measure the temperature of distant objects, such as Jupiter, effectively serving as a unique form of 'teleportation' and allowing the understanding of phenomena like the March of the Penguins.", 'The significance of telescopes in serving a dual purpose of looking out and looking in, allowing humans to see things as they were in the past, leading to a transformation in human cognition and perception of the universe.', 'The chapter discusses the limitations of the Big Bang theory and the inability to speculate on events before the first three minutes of the universe.', 'The chapter explores alternative cosmological models, such as Aeon theory and conformal cyclic cosmology, that challenge the singularity concept and propose cyclical universes.', 'Paul Steinhardt, a prominent figure in cosmology, has shifted from being a proponent of inflation to actively claiming that inflation is dangerous and malevolent, leading to consequences such as the multiverse, which he believes are outside the purview of science.', 'The chapter emphasizes the significance of measuring signal in terms of temperature using four Kelvin, allowing for comparison of unknown and known signals similar to a balance, and is linked to the intimate nature of temperature in energy conversion and thermodynamics.', 'The Soviet system prioritized science due to the authoritarian regime, leading to scientists being highly valued in society, despite the constraints imposed by the dictatorship.', 'Scientific advancements were developed in isolation from the West, with limited opportunities to interact with prominent figures like Stephen Hawking, showcasing the challenges and heroism of Soviet cosmologists.', "The pursuit of understanding the foundations of quantum mechanics and the universe, driven by a desire to engage in challenging and intellectually stimulating endeavors, drawing inspiration from the journey of the speaker's father.", 'The expansion of the observable universe is discussed, emphasizing the ability to see things approximately three times the age of the universe away from us, indicating the diameter of the observable universe to be around 90 billion light years.', 'The challenge lies in accurately measuring the polarization of the photons, essential for detecting the effects of gravitational waves on the cosmic microwave background.', 'Gravitational waves are being utilized to confirm the occurrence of inflation and the expansion of the universe, capturing their imprint on the oldest light in the universe, the cosmic microwave background.', 'The creation of Bicep One to study the inflationary epoch of the universe, aiming for a groundbreaking discovery.', "Andrew Lang's experiment measured the universe's flat geometry using cosmic microwave background, involving triangles based on proto-galaxy sized objects, which had 44,000 patches to build accurate statistics.", 'The South Pole is located in Antarctica, which is protected by a treaty prohibiting military and mining activities.', 'The telescope weighs tens of thousands of pounds and scans the sky like a robot, requiring year-long commitment from staff, with winter overs staying for over a year.', 'Emotional impact of losing a mentor, impact on personal and professional identity', 'Challenges in academia, lack of guidance, navigating the academic system', 'The James Webb Space Telescope is expected to transform our understanding of the universe by enabling the discovery of extrasolar planets with moons, asteroid belts, and even extrasolar planets in other galaxies, as well as conduct spectroscopy and imaging to probe the distant universe.', 'The exploration of using low energy phenomena, like supernova explosions, as tracers of cosmic expansion to study high energy phenomena, such as the collapsing universe in the cyclic model, highlights the innovative approach to leveraging natural phenomena for scientific research.']}