title
Communications and Network Security | CISSP Training Videos

description
🔥Post Graduate Program In Cyber Security: https://www.simplilearn.com/pgp-cyber-security-certification-training-course?utm_campaign=CCSP-n6S5wR-NDyc&utm_medium=DescriptionFirstFold&utm_source=youtube 🔥IIIT Bangalore Advanced Executive Program In Cybersecurity (India Only): https://www.simplilearn.com/pgp-advanced-executive-program-in-cyber-security?utm_campaign=SCE-IIITBangaloreCS&utm_medium=DescriptionFF&utm_source=youtube 🔥Cyber Security Masters Program (Discount Code - YTBE15): https://www.simplilearn.com/cyber-security-expert-master-program-training-course?utm_campaign=SCE-MasterCS&utm_medium=DescriptionFF&utm_source=youtube Communication and Network Security : Domain 4 of the CISSP certification course offered by Simplilearn. This domain provides an introduction to the Communications and Network Security. CISSP Certification Training: https://www.simplilearn.com/cyber-security/cissp-certification-training?utm_campaign=Cissp-communication-networking-n6S5wR-NDyc&utm_medium=SC&utm_source=youtube 🔥IIIT Bangalore Advanced Executive Program In Cybersecurity (India Only): https://www.simplilearn.com/pgp-advanced-executive-program-in-cyber-security?utm_campaign=SCE-IIITBangaloreCS&utm_medium=DescriptionFF&utm_source=youtube 🔥Cyber Security Masters Program (Discount Code - YTBE15): https://www.simplilearn.com/cyber-security-expert-master-program-training-course?utm_campaign=SCE-MasterCS&utm_medium=DescriptionFF&utm_source=youtube #cissptrainingvideos2017 #cissp #cissptraining #cisspcertification #cissptrainingvideos #cissptutorial ➡️ About Post Graduate Program In Cyber Security This Post Graduate Program in Cyber Security will help you learn comprehensive approaches to protecting your infrastructure and securing data, including risk analysis, mitigation, and compliance. You will get foundational to advanced skills through industry-leading cyber security certification courses that are part of the program. ✅ Key Features - Simplilearn Post Graduate Certificate - Masterclasses from MIT Faculty - Featuring Modules from MIT SCC and EC-Council - 8X higher interaction in live online classes conducted by industry experts - Simplilearn's JobAssist helps you get noticed by top hiring companies - Industry case studies in cyber security - Access to CEH Pro Version - 25+ hands-on projects - Capstone project in 3 domains - MIT CSAIL Professional Programs Community ✅ Skills Covered - Advanced Hacking Concepts - Network Packet Analysis - Ethical Hacking - IDS Firewalls and Honeypots - Security and Risk Management - Network Security - Software Development Security - Cryptography OSI and TCPIP Models - Identity and Access Management - Security Assessment and Testing - Trojans Backdoors and Countermeasures - Mobile and Web Technologies For more updates on courses and tips follow us on: - Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/Simplilearn - Twitter: https://twitter.com/simplilearn Get the android app: http://bit.ly/1WlVo4u Get the iOS app: http://apple.co/1HIO5J0 🔥🔥 Interested in Attending Live Classes? Call Us: IN - 18002127688 / US - +18445327688

detail
{'title': 'Communications and Network Security | CISSP Training Videos', 'heatmap': [{'end': 304.694, 'start': 226.215, 'weight': 0.723}, {'end': 994.089, 'start': 373.81, 'weight': 0.802}, {'end': 1135.621, 'start': 1054.594, 'weight': 0.717}, {'end': 1454.838, 'start': 1272.33, 'weight': 0.743}, {'end': 1816.08, 'start': 1731.457, 'weight': 0.744}, {'end': 2116.182, 'start': 1888.749, 'weight': 0.821}, {'end': 6873.607, 'start': 6787.575, 'weight': 0.716}], 'summary': 'This cissp training video series covers communication and network security, osi model layers, tcp/ip model, lan technologies, network transmission methods, wan technologies, network protocols, multimedia collaboration, and wireless security, providing comprehensive insights and understanding.', 'chapters': [{'end': 62.5, 'segs': [{'end': 62.5, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.289, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5.872, 'text': 'Hello and welcome to Domain 4 of the CISSP certification course offered by SimpliLearn.', 'start': 0.289, 'duration': 5.583}, {'end': 10.575, 'text': 'This domain provides an introduction to the communications and network security.', 'start': 6.673, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 14.377, 'text': 'Let us explore the objectives of this domain in the next screen.', 'start': 11.316, 'duration': 3.061}, {'end': 22.422, 'text': 'After completing this domain, you will be able to describe the various secure network architectures and designs,', 'start': 14.417, 'duration': 8.005}, {'end': 26.344, 'text': 'recognize the importance of securing network components.', 'start': 22.422, 'duration': 3.922}, {'end': 28.746, 'text': 'list the different secure communication channels.', 'start': 26.344, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 32.782, 'text': 'List the common network attacks and the countermeasures.', 'start': 29.98, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 39.727, 'text': 'Let us begin with a scenario highlighting the importance of communication and network security in the next stream.', 'start': 34.023, 'duration': 5.704}, {'end': 47.853, 'text': 'Kevin, who is preparing for his CISSP exam, read an internal case file on a recent spam attack on Nutri Worldwide Inc.', 'start': 39.747, 'duration': 8.106}, {'end': 55.018, 'text': 'At the Minnesota plant, a vendor who had visited the plant used his laptop to complete a few transactions.', 'start': 49.054, 'duration': 5.964}, {'end': 58.378, 'text': 'He connected to the wireless after taking approvals.', 'start': 55.956, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 62.5, 'text': 'He used his flash drive to take backup of the transactions.', 'start': 59.378, 'duration': 3.122}], 'summary': 'Domain 4 of cissp covers secure network architectures, communication channels, network attacks, and countermeasures.', 'duration': 62.211, 'max_score': 0.289, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc289.jpg'}], 'start': 0.289, 'title': 'Cissp domain 4: communication & network security', 'summary': 'Introduces communications and network security, covering secure network architectures, secure communication channels, and common network attacks and countermeasures, with a scenario illustrating their importance.', 'chapters': [{'end': 62.5, 'start': 0.289, 'title': 'Cissp domain 4: communication & network security', 'summary': 'Covers an introduction to communications and network security, including the objectives such as describing secure network architectures, recognizing the importance of securing network components, listing secure communication channels, and identifying common network attacks and countermeasures, with a scenario illustrating the importance of communication and network security.', 'duration': 62.211, 'highlights': ['The chapter provides an introduction to communications and network security and covers objectives such as describing secure network architectures, recognizing the importance of securing network components, listing secure communication channels, and identifying common network attacks and countermeasures.', 'After completing this domain, one will be able to describe various secure network architectures and designs, recognize the importance of securing network components, list different secure communication channels, and list common network attacks and the countermeasures.', 'Kevin read an internal case file on a recent spam attack on Nutri Worldwide Inc., where a vendor used his laptop at the Minnesota plant to complete transactions, connect to the wireless after approvals, and take backups using a flash drive.']}], 'duration': 62.211, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc289.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces communications and network security objectives.', 'The domain enables the description of secure network architectures and designs.', 'Recognizing the importance of securing network components is a key objective.', 'Listing different secure communication channels is a crucial aspect of the domain.', 'Identifying common network attacks and countermeasures is a significant focus.', 'The scenario of a recent spam attack on Nutri Worldwide Inc. illustrates the importance of network security.']}, {'end': 779.156, 'segs': [{'end': 149.968, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 127.831, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 136.334, 'text': 'The OSI reference model describes how data and network information are communicated from one computer to another computer through a network media.', 'start': 127.831, 'duration': 8.503}, {'end': 143.257, 'text': 'The OSI reference model breaks this approach into seven distinct layers, also called the protocol stack.', 'start': 137.294, 'duration': 5.963}, {'end': 149.968, 'text': 'Layering divides a piece of data into functional groups that permit an easy understanding of each piece of data.', 'start': 144.386, 'duration': 5.582}], 'summary': 'Osi reference model facilitates communication through 7 layers.', 'duration': 22.137, 'max_score': 127.831, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc127831.jpg'}, {'end': 321.096, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 226.215, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 226.995, 'text': 'Transport layer.', 'start': 226.215, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 236.138, 'text': 'This layer provides transparent transfer of data between end systems or hosts and is responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow control.', 'start': 227.916, 'duration': 8.222}, {'end': 238.719, 'text': 'It ensures complete data transfer.', 'start': 236.959, 'duration': 1.76}, {'end': 240.8, 'text': 'Session layer.', 'start': 240.22, 'duration': 0.58}, {'end': 245.962, 'text': 'This layer establishes, manages, and terminates connections between applications.', 'start': 241.72, 'duration': 4.242}, {'end': 254.485, 'text': 'The session layer sets up, coordinates, and terminates conversations, exchanges, and dialogues between the applications at each end.', 'start': 246.922, 'duration': 7.563}, {'end': 257.896, 'text': 'It deals with session and connection coordination.', 'start': 255.535, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 260.416, 'text': 'Presentation layer.', 'start': 259.437, 'duration': 0.979}, {'end': 265.56, 'text': 'This layer provides independence from difference in data representation,', 'start': 261.517, 'duration': 4.043}, {'end': 270.762, 'text': 'as is encryption by translating from application to network format and vice versa.', 'start': 265.56, 'duration': 5.202}, {'end': 276.925, 'text': 'The presentation layer works to transform data into the form that the application layer can accept.', 'start': 271.943, 'duration': 4.982}, {'end': 284.387, 'text': 'This layer formats and encrypts data to be sent across a network, providing freedom from compatibility problems.', 'start': 278.305, 'duration': 6.082}, {'end': 286.988, 'text': 'It is also called the syntax layer.', 'start': 285.127, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 289.449, 'text': 'Application layer.', 'start': 288.608, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 293.87, 'text': 'This layer supports application and end user processes.', 'start': 290.589, 'duration': 3.281}, {'end': 299.532, 'text': 'Communication partners are identified, quality of service is identified,', 'start': 294.831, 'duration': 4.701}, {'end': 304.694, 'text': 'user authentication and privacy are considered and any constraints on data syntax are identified.', 'start': 299.532, 'duration': 5.162}, {'end': 308.509, 'text': 'Everything at this layer is application specific.', 'start': 306.027, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 315.553, 'text': 'This layer provides application services for file transfers, email, and other network software services.', 'start': 309.549, 'duration': 6.004}, {'end': 321.096, 'text': 'Telnet and FTP are applications that exist entirely in the application level.', 'start': 316.594, 'duration': 4.502}], 'summary': 'Transport layer ensures complete data transfer, session layer manages connections, presentation layer provides data independence, and application layer supports specific network services.', 'duration': 94.881, 'max_score': 226.215, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc226215.jpg'}, {'end': 423.283, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 386.752, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 391.153, 'text': 'Then it sends the rest of the packet up the protocol stack to the next highest layer.', 'start': 386.752, 'duration': 4.401}, {'end': 398.876, 'text': 'Each layer at the individual destination sees and deals only with the data that was packaged by its counterpart on the sending side.', 'start': 392.414, 'duration': 6.462}, {'end': 401.997, 'text': 'Let us now learn about each layer of the OSI model in detail.', 'start': 398.896, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 404.257, 'text': 'The first layer is the physical layer.', 'start': 402.537, 'duration': 1.72}, {'end': 412.66, 'text': 'This layer defines the physical connection between a computer and a network and converts the bits into voltages or light impulses for transmission.', 'start': 405.018, 'duration': 7.642}, {'end': 421.682, 'text': "It also defines the electrical and mechanical aspects of the device's interface to a physical transmission medium, such as twisted pair,", 'start': 413.775, 'duration': 7.907}, {'end': 423.283, 'text': 'coaxial or fiber optic.', 'start': 421.682, 'duration': 1.601}], 'summary': 'The osi model consists of multiple layers, including the physical layer that defines the physical connection and transmission methods for data.', 'duration': 36.531, 'max_score': 386.752, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc386752.jpg'}, {'end': 569.714, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 546.481, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 553.924, 'text': 'This layer defines how the small packets of data are routed and relayed between end systems on the same network or on interconnected networks.', 'start': 546.481, 'duration': 7.443}, {'end': 559.767, 'text': 'At this layer, message routing, error detection, and control of node data traffic are managed.', 'start': 554.464, 'duration': 5.303}, {'end': 565.833, 'text': "The network layer's primary function is to send packets from the source network to the destination network.", 'start': 560.592, 'duration': 5.241}, {'end': 569.714, 'text': 'Therefore, the network layer is primarily responsible for routing.', 'start': 566.393, 'duration': 3.321}], 'summary': 'Network layer routes and relays data packets, managing message routing, error detection, and traffic control.', 'duration': 23.233, 'max_score': 546.481, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc546481.jpg'}], 'start': 63.441, 'title': 'Osi model layers', 'summary': "Introduces secure network architecture and design, focusing on the osi reference model and its seven distinct layers, detailing the responsibilities and protocols of each layer, such as the physical layer's role in defining the physical connection and the application layer's responsibility in presenting data to the network.", 'chapters': [{'end': 315.553, 'start': 63.441, 'title': 'Secure network architecture', 'summary': 'Introduces secure network architecture and design, focusing on the osi reference model and its seven distinct layers, while highlighting the purpose of osi, its role in network communications, and the specific functions of each layer.', 'duration': 252.112, 'highlights': ['The OSI reference model was created by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in the early 1980s to help vendors create interoperable network devices.', 'The OSI reference model describes how data and network information are communicated through a network media, breaking the approach into seven distinct layers, with each layer addressing specific requirements of the communication process.', 'Each layer of the OSI model has unique properties and directly interacts with its adjacent layers, while also playing specific roles such as data encapsulation, error recovery, and flow control.', 'The application layer of the OSI model supports application and end user processes, identifying communication partners, quality of service, user authentication, privacy, and data syntax constraints, providing application services for file transfers, email, and other network software services.', 'The chapter also discusses the function of each layer in the OSI model, including the physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer.']}, {'end': 779.156, 'start': 316.594, 'title': 'Understanding osi model layers', 'summary': "Explains the osi model layers, detailing the responsibilities and protocols of each layer, such as the physical layer's role in defining the physical connection and the application layer's responsibility in presenting data to the network.", 'duration': 462.562, 'highlights': ["Each layer of the OSI model, from the physical layer to the application layer, is detailed, including their responsibilities, protocols, and examples, providing a comprehensive understanding of the model's structure.", "The physical layer's responsibilities include defining the physical connection between a computer and a network, converting bits into voltages or light impulses for transmission, and defining standard interfaces, with examples like RS-232 and RS-449, showcasing its crucial role in network communication.", 'The data link layer, responsible for establishing communication links between devices, formatting messages into data frames, and controlling frame synchronization and error check, plays a pivotal role in network communication, with examples like Token ring and Ethernet highlighting its significance.', "The network layer's primary function of routing packets from the source network to the destination network, along with its role in managing message routing, error detection, and node data traffic, demonstrates its crucial role in ensuring effective data transmission within and across networks.", "The transport layer's responsibilities, including maintaining end-to-end integrity and control of the session, establishing logical connections between sending and destination hosts, and providing mechanisms for multiplexing upper layer applications, are crucial for ensuring reliable data transport services.", "The session layer's tasks, such as making initial contact with other computers, setting up communication lines, formatting data for transfer, and providing session restart and recovery, emphasize its role in managing the communication session from end to end, ensuring effective data exchange.", "The presentation layer's functions, such as data translation, compression, decompression, encryption, and decryption, along with its association with various standards like Hypertext Transfer Protocol and Musical Instrument Digital Interface, illustrate its pivotal role in presenting data to the network and enabling diverse application entries into the network."]}], 'duration': 715.715, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc63441.jpg', 'highlights': ['The OSI reference model describes how data and network information are communicated through a network media, breaking the approach into seven distinct layers.', 'The application layer of the OSI model supports application and end user processes, identifying communication partners, quality of service, user authentication, privacy, and data syntax constraints.', "Each layer of the OSI model, from the physical layer to the application layer, is detailed, including their responsibilities, protocols, and examples, providing a comprehensive understanding of the model's structure.", "The physical layer's responsibilities include defining the physical connection between a computer and a network, converting bits into voltages or light impulses for transmission, and defining standard interfaces, with examples like RS-232 and RS-449, showcasing its crucial role in network communication.", "The network layer's primary function of routing packets from the source network to the destination network, along with its role in managing message routing, error detection, and node data traffic, demonstrates its crucial role in ensuring effective data transmission within and across networks."]}, {'end': 2382.333, 'segs': [{'end': 1135.621, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1054.594, 'weight': 0.717, 'content': [{'end': 1064.88, 'text': 'It corresponds to the IP protocol, but also to Internet Control Message Protocol and Internet Group Management Protocol.', 'start': 1054.594, 'duration': 10.286}, {'end': 1069.741, 'text': 'In terms of the OSI model, it corresponds to layer 3..', 'start': 1064.88, 'duration': 4.861}, {'end': 1074.525, 'text': 'The host-to-host transport layer includes everything required to move data between applications.', 'start': 1069.741, 'duration': 4.784}, {'end': 1077.687, 'text': 'It corresponds to TCP and UDP.', 'start': 1075.185, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 1083.332, 'text': 'In terms of the OSI model, it corresponds to layer 4.', 'start': 1078.588, 'duration': 4.744}, {'end': 1087.215, 'text': 'The application layer covers everything specific to a session or application.', 'start': 1083.332, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 1090.738, 'text': 'In other words, everything related to the data payload.', 'start': 1087.836, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 1097.102, 'text': 'In terms of the OSI model, it corresponds to layers 5 through 7.', 'start': 1091.719, 'duration': 5.383}, {'end': 1102.346, 'text': 'Owing to its core structure, it is not well suited to describe application-level information exchange.', 'start': 1097.102, 'duration': 5.244}, {'end': 1108.47, 'text': 'All hosts on the Internet have a logical and numerical ID called an Internet Protocol address.', 'start': 1102.606, 'duration': 5.864}, {'end': 1116.276, 'text': 'On the Internet or any network using IP, each data packet is assigned an IP address of the sender and the recipient.', 'start': 1109.351, 'duration': 6.925}, {'end': 1122.641, 'text': "Each device receives the packet and makes routing decisions based on the packet's destination IP address.", 'start': 1117.377, 'duration': 5.264}, {'end': 1127.215, 'text': 'IP addressing provides an unreliable datagram service.', 'start': 1124.173, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 1135.621, 'text': 'This means it does not guarantee that the package will be delivered at all, delivered only once, or even delivered in the order in which it was sent.', 'start': 1127.996, 'duration': 7.625}], 'summary': 'Ip protocol corresponds to layers 3 and 4, assigns ip addresses, and provides unreliable datagram service.', 'duration': 81.027, 'max_score': 1054.594, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc1054594.jpg'}, {'end': 1264.191, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1234.843, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1245.811, 'text': 'The new address space provides the potential for a maximum of 2 to the power 128, or about 3.403 by 10 to the power 38 addresses.', 'start': 1234.843, 'duration': 10.968}, {'end': 1252.756, 'text': 'IPv6 became more predominant since the release of Microsoft Vista and Windows 7 operating systems.', 'start': 1246.972, 'duration': 5.784}, {'end': 1257.72, 'text': 'These operating systems support IPv6 and have it enabled by default.', 'start': 1253.737, 'duration': 3.983}, {'end': 1264.191, 'text': 'Most modern Linux operating systems, such as Ubuntu, are also by default IPv6 enabled.', 'start': 1258.703, 'duration': 5.488}], 'summary': 'Ipv6 enables about 3.403x10^38 addresses, widely supported by modern operating systems.', 'duration': 29.348, 'max_score': 1234.843, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc1234843.jpg'}, {'end': 1454.838, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1272.33, 'weight': 0.743, 'content': [{'end': 1294.139, 'text': 'Example of a typical IVP6 network address is FE80 colon 0000 colon 0000 colon 0000 colon 0202 colon B3FF colon FE1E colon 8329.', 'start': 1272.33, 'duration': 21.809}, {'end': 1299.081, 'text': 'The main intent of this addressing is not just to provide an adequate quantity of addresses,', 'start': 1294.139, 'duration': 4.942}, {'end': 1303.743, 'text': 'but to allow an effective combination of subnetwork routing prefixes at the routing node.', 'start': 1299.081, 'duration': 4.662}, {'end': 1306.025, 'text': 'Now, let us discuss Classful IP Addressing.', 'start': 1303.763, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 1311.367, 'text': 'Originally, the entire available IP address space was divided into two parts.', 'start': 1306.825, 'duration': 4.542}, {'end': 1315.809, 'text': 'The network number that consists of the first 8 bits of an IP address.', 'start': 1312.147, 'duration': 3.662}, {'end': 1319.191, 'text': 'The host address that consists of the remaining 24 bits.', 'start': 1316.89, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 1326.473, 'text': 'This resulted in only 256 possible networks in the entire internet, which was not feasible.', 'start': 1321.069, 'duration': 5.404}, {'end': 1332.578, 'text': 'Thus, the concept of classful networks was introduced, which resulted in a greater number of smaller networks.', 'start': 1327.014, 'duration': 5.564}, {'end': 1336.201, 'text': 'There are five types of classful IP addressing.', 'start': 1333.719, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 1340.444, 'text': 'Class A, B, C, D, and E.', 'start': 1336.661, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 1345.168, 'text': 'Class A network consists of an 8-bit network address and a 24-bit host address.', 'start': 1340.444, 'duration': 4.724}, {'end': 1347.038, 'text': 'IP ranges from 0.0.', 'start': 1346.098, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 1347.438, 'text': '0.0 to 126.255.', 'start': 1347.038, 'duration': 0.4}, {'end': 1348.259, 'text': '255.255 and implied netmask is 255.0.', 'start': 1347.438, 'duration': 0.821}, {'end': 1350.239, 'text': '0.0 Thus Class A network could contain 16, 777, 214 nodes.', 'start': 1348.259, 'duration': 1.98}, {'end': 1375.469, 'text': '126 such networks were created for large organizations, consist of a 16-bit network address and a 16-bit host address.', 'start': 1367.962, 'duration': 7.507}, {'end': 1377.311, 'text': 'IP ranges from 128.0.', 'start': 1376.35, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 1377.501, 'text': '0.0 to 191.255.', 'start': 1377.311, 'duration': 0.19}, {'end': 1385.468, 'text': '255.255 and implied net mass is 255.255.', 'start': 1377.501, 'duration': 7.967}, {'end': 1393.987, 'text': '0.0 Each network could contain 65, 534 nodes.', 'start': 1385.468, 'duration': 8.519}, {'end': 1395.067, 'text': '16, 382 of such networks were created.', 'start': 1394.007, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 1398.05, 'text': 'C network consists of a 24-bit network address and an 8-bit host address.', 'start': 1395.087, 'duration': 2.963}, {'end': 1406.28, 'text': 'IP ranges from 192.0.', 'start': 1405.419, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 1406.44, 'text': '0.0 to 223.255.', 'start': 1406.28, 'duration': 0.16}, {'end': 1407.251, 'text': '255.255 and implied netmask is 255.255.', 'start': 1406.44, 'duration': 0.811}, {'end': 1408.922, 'text': '255.0 Thus Class C network could contain 254 nodes.', 'start': 1407.251, 'duration': 1.671}, {'end': 1410.844, 'text': 'Over 2 million such networks were created.', 'start': 1408.942, 'duration': 1.902}, {'end': 1412.785, 'text': 'Class D network is reserved for multicast.', 'start': 1411.004, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 1430.18, 'text': 'IP ranges from 224.0.', 'start': 1429.219, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 1430.48, 'text': '0.0 to 239.255.', 'start': 1430.18, 'duration': 0.3}, {'end': 1432.721, 'text': '255.255 Class E network is reserved for research purposes.', 'start': 1430.48, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 1433.672, 'text': 'It ranges from 240.0.', 'start': 1432.741, 'duration': 0.931}, {'end': 1442.898, 'text': '0.0 to 255.255.', 'start': 1433.672, 'duration': 9.226}, {'end': 1454.838, 'text': "255.255 In the next screen, we will discuss the class's inter-domain routing.", 'start': 1442.898, 'duration': 11.94}], 'summary': 'Ipv6 allows for more addresses, classful ip addressing divided into 5 classes a, b, c, d, and e, with specific ranges and node capacities.', 'duration': 182.508, 'max_score': 1272.33, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc1272330.jpg'}, {'end': 1496.899, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1472.517, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1481.8, 'text': 'The Internet Engineering Task Force introduced CIDR in 1993 to replace the previous addressing architecture of classful network design on the Internet.', 'start': 1472.517, 'duration': 9.283}, {'end': 1492.223, 'text': 'The goal of CIDR was to slow the growth of routing tables on routers across the Internet and to help slow the rapid exhaustion of IPv4 addresses.', 'start': 1482.86, 'duration': 9.363}, {'end': 1496.899, 'text': 'IP addresses consist of two groups of bits in the address.', 'start': 1493.678, 'duration': 3.221}], 'summary': 'Cidr introduced in 1993 to slow routing table growth and conserve ipv4 addresses.', 'duration': 24.382, 'max_score': 1472.517, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc1472517.jpg'}, {'end': 1816.08, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1731.457, 'weight': 0.744, 'content': [{'end': 1738.339, 'text': 'The unicast addressing type is the most common type of addressing, where a packet is sent to a single IP address destination.', 'start': 1731.457, 'duration': 6.882}, {'end': 1746.341, 'text': 'Anycast address type is where a packet is sent only to one of the groups of nodes, whichever is closest or most available.', 'start': 1739.059, 'duration': 7.282}, {'end': 1752.487, 'text': 'Multicast address type is where a packet is sent to a group of receiving nodes on different networks.', 'start': 1747.563, 'duration': 4.924}, {'end': 1756.75, 'text': 'A packet is sent to a multicast address in the range of 224.0.', 'start': 1753.428, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 1757.04, 'text': '0.0 to 239.255.', 'start': 1756.75, 'duration': 0.29}, {'end': 1760.453, 'text': '255.255 It is also sent to the routers in the network track recipients.', 'start': 1757.04, 'duration': 3.413}, {'end': 1772.559, 'text': 'it propagates packets to destinations as needed.', 'start': 1770.037, 'duration': 2.522}, {'end': 1781.146, 'text': "Broadcast Address Type is where a packet is sent to a network's broadcast address, which causes the packet to be sent to all nodes on a network.", 'start': 1773.2, 'duration': 7.946}, {'end': 1789.973, 'text': 'Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol and Address Resolution Protocol utilize broadcast nodes.', 'start': 1782.207, 'duration': 7.766}, {'end': 1792.375, 'text': "Let's now discuss routed and routing protocols.", 'start': 1789.993, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 1800.333, 'text': 'Routers use router-to-router communication protocol to determine the most efficient network routes between two nodes on a network.', 'start': 1793.45, 'duration': 6.883}, {'end': 1807.336, 'text': 'They help routers in making good routing decisions, making the right choice about which way to forward packets.', 'start': 1801.273, 'duration': 6.063}, {'end': 1816.08, 'text': 'Routed protocol is a protocol which provides enough information in its network layer address to allow the packet to reach its destination.', 'start': 1808.537, 'duration': 7.543}], 'summary': 'Unicast, anycast, multicast, and broadcast address types and their functions. routed and routing protocols for efficient network routes.', 'duration': 84.623, 'max_score': 1731.457, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc1731457.jpg'}, {'end': 2116.182, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1888.749, 'weight': 0.821, 'content': [{'end': 1892.788, 'text': "IGRP's maximum hot count is 255.", 'start': 1888.749, 'duration': 4.039}, {'end': 1895.55, 'text': 'IGRP was replaced by EIGRP.', 'start': 1892.788, 'duration': 2.762}, {'end': 1900.933, 'text': 'IGRP does not use TCP or UDP, but runs directly over IP.', 'start': 1896.25, 'duration': 4.683}, {'end': 1905.715, 'text': 'It is used by routers to exchange routing data within an autonomous system.', 'start': 1901.973, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 1911.339, 'text': 'Are the types of network protocols transmission control protocol, user datagram protocol,', 'start': 1905.835, 'duration': 5.504}, {'end': 1918.546, 'text': 'Internet Protocol Address Resolution Protocol and Internet Control Message Protocol.', 'start': 1912.304, 'duration': 6.242}, {'end': 1924.288, 'text': 'Transmission Control Protocol provides a complete, duplex and reliable connection.', 'start': 1918.546, 'duration': 5.742}, {'end': 1929.89, 'text': 'The incoming TCP packets are sequenced to match the original transmission sequence numbers.', 'start': 1925.148, 'duration': 4.742}, {'end': 1933.551, 'text': 'Any lost or damaged packets are retransmitted.', 'start': 1930.95, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 1938.931, 'text': 'TCP is costly in terms of network overhead and is slower than UDP.', 'start': 1934.67, 'duration': 4.261}, {'end': 1944.873, 'text': 'Reliable data transport is addressed by TCP to ensure the following goals are achieved.', 'start': 1939.632, 'duration': 5.241}, {'end': 1950.395, 'text': 'An acknowledgement is sent back to the sender on the reception of delivered segments.', 'start': 1946.294, 'duration': 4.101}, {'end': 1953.856, 'text': 'Any unacknowledged segments are retransmitted.', 'start': 1951.635, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 1959.182, 'text': 'Segments are sequenced back in their proper order on arrival at their destination.', 'start': 1955.259, 'duration': 3.923}, {'end': 1965.245, 'text': 'A manageable data flow is maintained in order to avoid congestion, overloading, and data loss.', 'start': 1960.002, 'duration': 5.243}, {'end': 1980.955, 'text': 'Port types are reserved for well-known ports 0 to 1023, registered ports 1024 to 49151, and dynamic ports 49152 to 65535.', 'start': 1966.146, 'duration': 14.809}, {'end': 1986.097, 'text': 'Examples include HTTP, FTP, and is similar to TCP.', 'start': 1980.955, 'duration': 5.142}, {'end': 1992.639, 'text': 'However, it gives only best effort delivery, which means it offers no error correction,', 'start': 1986.537, 'duration': 6.102}, {'end': 1998.881, 'text': 'does not sequence the packet segments and does not care in which order the packet segments arrive at their destination.', 'start': 1992.639, 'duration': 6.242}, {'end': 2002.442, 'text': 'It is referred to as an unreliable protocol.', 'start': 1999.881, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 2009.608, 'text': 'UDP does not create a virtual circuit and does not contact the destination before delivering the data.', 'start': 2003.9, 'duration': 5.708}, {'end': 2012.952, 'text': 'Thus, it is considered a connectionless protocol.', 'start': 2010.168, 'duration': 2.784}, {'end': 2017.838, 'text': 'UDP imposes less overhead, which makes it faster than TCP.', 'start': 2014.133, 'duration': 3.705}, {'end': 2024.648, 'text': 'This is for applications that can afford to lose a packet now and then, such as streaming video or audio.', 'start': 2019.107, 'duration': 5.541}, {'end': 2033.531, 'text': 'Examples include DNS, TFTP, and VoIP is a network layer protocol which handles addressing and routing.', 'start': 2025.629, 'duration': 7.902}, {'end': 2038.872, 'text': 'IP specifies the packet format of datagrams and the addressing scheme.', 'start': 2034.691, 'duration': 4.181}, {'end': 2047.51, 'text': 'There are two types of IP versions IPv4 and IPv6.', 'start': 2040.026, 'duration': 7.484}, {'end': 2053.654, 'text': "Internet Protocol needs to know the hardware address of the packet's destination so it can send the packet.", 'start': 2047.51, 'duration': 6.144}, {'end': 2059.456, 'text': 'ARP is used to match an IP address to a Media Access Control address.', 'start': 2054.655, 'duration': 4.801}, {'end': 2065.121, 'text': 'ARP allows the 32-bit IP address to be matched with this hardware address.', 'start': 2060.538, 'duration': 4.583}, {'end': 2071.81, 'text': 'A MAC address is a 6-byte, 12-digit hexadecimal number subdivided into two parts.', 'start': 2066.348, 'duration': 5.462}, {'end': 2077.551, 'text': "The first 3 bytes of first half of the MAC address is the manufacturer's identifier.", 'start': 2072.77, 'duration': 4.781}, {'end': 2084.813, 'text': 'This can be a good troubleshooting aid if a network device is malfunctioning because it will isolate the brand of the failing device.', 'start': 2078.331, 'duration': 6.482}, {'end': 2090.735, 'text': 'The second half of the MAC address is the serial number the manufacturer has assigned to the device.', 'start': 2086.014, 'duration': 4.721}, {'end': 2096.014, 'text': 'ARP interrogates the network by sending out broadcasts,', 'start': 2092.634, 'duration': 3.38}, {'end': 2102.477, 'text': 'seeking a network node that has a specific IP address and then asking it to reply with its hardware address.', 'start': 2096.014, 'duration': 6.463}, {'end': 2111.68, 'text': 'ARP maintains a dynamic table, known as the ARP cache, of the translations between IP addresses and MAC addresses,', 'start': 2103.738, 'duration': 7.942}, {'end': 2116.182, 'text': 'so that it has to broadcast a request to every host only the first time it is needed.', 'start': 2111.68, 'duration': 4.502}], 'summary': "Igrp's max hot count is 255, replaced by eigrp, tcp provides duplex and reliable connection, udp offers best effort delivery.", 'duration': 227.433, 'max_score': 1888.749, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc1888749.jpg'}, {'end': 1938.931, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1912.304, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1918.546, 'text': 'Internet Protocol Address Resolution Protocol and Internet Control Message Protocol.', 'start': 1912.304, 'duration': 6.242}, {'end': 1924.288, 'text': 'Transmission Control Protocol provides a complete, duplex and reliable connection.', 'start': 1918.546, 'duration': 5.742}, {'end': 1929.89, 'text': 'The incoming TCP packets are sequenced to match the original transmission sequence numbers.', 'start': 1925.148, 'duration': 4.742}, {'end': 1933.551, 'text': 'Any lost or damaged packets are retransmitted.', 'start': 1930.95, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 1938.931, 'text': 'TCP is costly in terms of network overhead and is slower than UDP.', 'start': 1934.67, 'duration': 4.261}], 'summary': 'Tcp provides reliable connection with sequencing and retransmission, but has high overhead and is slower than udp.', 'duration': 26.627, 'max_score': 1912.304, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc1912304.jpg'}, {'end': 2172.255, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2144.208, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2150.729, 'text': 'Internet Control Message Protocol is a management protocol and messaging service provider for IP.', 'start': 2144.208, 'duration': 6.521}, {'end': 2157.691, 'text': "ICMP's primary function is to send messages between network devices regarding the health of the network.", 'start': 2151.649, 'duration': 6.042}, {'end': 2166.053, 'text': 'It can inform hosts a better route to a destination if there is trouble with an existing route and it can help identify the problem with the route.', 'start': 2158.471, 'duration': 7.582}, {'end': 2172.255, 'text': 'Ping is an ICMP utility used to check the physical connectivity of machines on a network.', 'start': 2167.11, 'duration': 5.145}], 'summary': 'Icmp is a protocol for network health, helping improve routes and troubleshoot, including ping utility.', 'duration': 28.047, 'max_score': 2144.208, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc2144208.jpg'}, {'end': 2367.368, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2336.059, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2339.341, 'text': 'In the next screen, we will discuss distributed network protocol.', 'start': 2336.059, 'duration': 3.282}, {'end': 2341.362, 'text': 'In process automation systems,', 'start': 2339.361, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 2349.567, 'text': 'different components communicate with each other using a set of communication protocols known as DNP3 or distributed network protocol.', 'start': 2341.362, 'duration': 8.205}, {'end': 2355.29, 'text': 'It was developed for communications between various types of data acquisition and control equipment.', 'start': 2350.487, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 2358.885, 'text': 'It is commonly used in electric and water companies.', 'start': 2356.144, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 2367.368, 'text': 'One of the examples of systems using DNP3 is Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition or SCADA.', 'start': 2359.985, 'duration': 7.383}], 'summary': 'Dnp3 facilitates communication between process automation components; commonly used in electric and water companies.', 'duration': 31.309, 'max_score': 2336.059, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc2336059.jpg'}], 'start': 780.037, 'title': 'Tcp/ip model and ip addressing', 'summary': 'Covers the tcpip model with four layers and protocols, including http, ftp, and smtp, as well as ipv4, ipv6 with 3.403x10^38 addresses, cidr, and its impact on routing tables, private networks, tcp, udp, ip, arp, and security implications of network protocols like icmp and http, and dnp3 for process automation systems.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1108.47, 'start': 780.037, 'title': 'Tcpip model overview', 'summary': 'Explains the tcpip model, consisting of four layers: network access, internet, host-to-host, and application, and provides examples of protocols at each layer, including http, ftp, and smtp.', 'duration': 328.433, 'highlights': ['The TCPIP model consists of four layers: network access, internet, host-to-host, and application, with examples of protocols at each layer, including HTTP, FTP, and SMTP.', 'The host-to-host layer protocols are Transmission Control Protocol and User Datagram Protocol, ensuring reliable end-to-end communications and error-free data delivery.', 'The Internet layer designates protocols for logical packet transmission, IP addressing, routing, and communication flow control between hosts, with examples like Internet Protocol Address Resolution Protocol and Internet Control Message Protocol.', 'The network access layer oversees hardware addressing, physical data transmission protocols, and monitoring data exchange between hosts and the network, with examples such as Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Token Ring, ATM, and PPP.']}, {'end': 1299.081, 'start': 1109.351, 'title': 'Understanding ip addressing', 'summary': 'Explains ip addressing, including ipv4 and ipv6, with ipv6 providing a potential maximum of about 3.403 by 10 to the power 38 addresses and its increasing predominance since the release of microsoft vista and windows 7 operating systems.', 'duration': 189.73, 'highlights': ['IPv6 provides the potential for a maximum of 2 to the power 128, or about 3.403 by 10 to the power 38 addresses.', 'IPv6 became predominant since the release of Microsoft Vista and Windows 7 operating systems, which support IPv6 and have it enabled by default.', 'IPv4 addresses are 32 bits in length, allowing nearly 4.3 billion addresses, expressed as a dot decimal notation, xx.xx.xx.xx, where the range of each xx is 0 to 255 decimal.', 'The availability of IPv4 addresses in a world where humans and their devices outnumber them became a major problem, leading to the creation of IPv6, which uses 128-bit addresses.']}, {'end': 1597.428, 'start': 1299.081, 'title': 'Cidr and classful ip addressing', 'summary': 'Discusses classful ip addressing, the five types of classful ip addressing, the introduction of cidr to replace the previous addressing architecture, its goal to slow the growth of routing tables on routers across the internet and the more efficient allocation of available ip addresses on the internet.', 'duration': 298.347, 'highlights': ['CIDR introduced in 1993 to replace classful network design on the Internet, aiming to slow the growth of routing tables on routers and help slow the rapid exhaustion of IPv4 addresses.', 'The process of dividing a network into two or more networks is called subnetting, with CIDR permitting the creation of subnet masks of any length from 8 bits to 31 bits, allowing more efficient allocation of available IP addresses on the Internet.', 'Classful network design for IPv4 sized the network address resulting in the blocks of Class A, B, or C addresses, while classless inter-domain routing allocates address space to internet service providers and end users on any address bit boundary instead of on 8-bit segments.', 'CIDR notation is a syntax of specifying IP addresses and their associated routing prefix, used as the basis of traffic routing between IP networks and for address allocation policies.']}, {'end': 2144.188, 'start': 1598.396, 'title': 'Ip addressing and network protocols', 'summary': 'Discusses private networks, loopback addresses, different types of ip addressing, routed and routing protocols, and network protocols like tcp, udp, ip, and arp.', 'duration': 545.792, 'highlights': ['Private network addresses include 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255, and 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255, while loopback addresses range from 127.0.0.1 to 127.0.0.255.', 'Multicast address type ranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255, allowing a packet to be sent to a group of receiving nodes on different networks.', 'RIP uses hop count as a primary routing metric, with a maximum of 15 hops supported, but has given way to more scalable and reliable protocols like OSPF and ISIS.', 'TCP provides reliable data transport, maintaining a manageable data flow and ensuring delivery acknowledgement, while UDP is faster and suitable for applications that can afford to lose a packet now and then.', 'ARP is used to match an IP address to a MAC address, maintaining a dynamic table of translations between IP addresses and MAC addresses known as the ARP cache.']}, {'end': 2382.333, 'start': 2144.208, 'title': 'Network protocols and security', 'summary': 'Discusses the functions of icmp, http, and multi-layer protocols, including their security implications, and introduces the distributed network protocol dnp3 used in process automation systems.', 'duration': 238.125, 'highlights': ["ICMP's primary function is to send messages between network devices regarding the health of the network, including informing hosts of better routes and helping to identify problems with routes.", 'HTTP proxying can be used as a security measure to hide internal network information, but open proxy servers pose risks by allowing unrestricted access and serving as stepping stones for launching attacks.', 'Multi-layer protocols provide added security through encryption but can also give rise to vulnerabilities and issues of covert channels that give unauthorized access or cause information disclosure.', 'DNP3, or distributed network protocol, is used in process automation systems for communications between data acquisition and control equipment, commonly in electric and water companies, and is utilized in systems like Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) for centralized monitoring and control over large areas.']}], 'duration': 1602.296, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc780037.jpg', 'highlights': ["IPv6 provides a maximum of 3.403x10^38 addresses, surpassing IPv4's 4.3 billion addresses.", 'CIDR introduced in 1993 to slow routing table growth and conserve IPv4 addresses.', 'TCP ensures reliable end-to-end communications, while UDP is faster but less reliable.', 'ICMP informs hosts of better routes and network health, aiding in problem identification.', 'DNP3 is used in process automation systems for communications between equipment.']}, {'end': 3300.428, 'segs': [{'end': 2431.394, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2405.514, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2414.281, 'text': 'There are three types of LAN network technologies Ethernet, Token Ring and Fiber Distributed Data Interface.', 'start': 2405.514, 'duration': 8.767}, {'end': 2421.626, 'text': 'Ethernet, defined in IEEE 802.3,, played a major role in the rapid spread of LANs in the 1980s.', 'start': 2414.281, 'duration': 7.345}, {'end': 2428.371, 'text': 'The architecture was flexible, relatively inexpensive, and it was easy to add and remove devices from the LAN.', 'start': 2422.487, 'duration': 5.884}, {'end': 2431.394, 'text': 'It is the most popular LAN architecture.', 'start': 2429.389, 'duration': 2.005}], 'summary': 'Ethernet, token ring, and fddi are lan technologies, with ethernet leading the rapid spread of lans in the 1980s.', 'duration': 25.88, 'max_score': 2405.514, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc2405514.jpg'}, {'end': 2483.66, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2457.029, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2462.754, 'text': 'Because devices must retransmit when more than one device attempts to send data on the medium,', 'start': 2457.029, 'duration': 5.725}, {'end': 2466.998, 'text': 'too many retransmissions due to collisions can cause serious amount of degradation.', 'start': 2462.754, 'duration': 4.244}, {'end': 2473.498, 'text': 'The Ethernet standard supports coaxial cable, unshielded twisted pair, and fiber optics.', 'start': 2468.137, 'duration': 5.361}, {'end': 2477.379, 'text': 'Ethernet was originally rated at 10 Mbps.', 'start': 2474.538, 'duration': 2.841}, {'end': 2483.66, 'text': 'However, with 10 MB disk drives, users quickly figured out how to use and exceed its capacity.', 'start': 2477.999, 'duration': 5.661}], 'summary': 'Ethernet standard supports multiple cable types, originally rated at 10 mbps, but users quickly exceeded its capacity.', 'duration': 26.631, 'max_score': 2457.029, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc2457029.jpg'}, {'end': 2539.283, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2513.429, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2519.072, 'text': 'IBM originally designed Token Ring IEEE 802.5.', 'start': 2513.429, 'duration': 5.643}, {'end': 2526.277, 'text': 'Token Ring was adapted with some modification by the IEEE as IEEE 802.5.', 'start': 2519.072, 'duration': 7.205}, {'end': 2530.679, 'text': "Despite the architecture's name, Token Ring uses a physical star topology.", 'start': 2526.277, 'duration': 4.402}, {'end': 2533.9, 'text': 'The logical topology, however, is a ring.', 'start': 2531.659, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 2539.283, 'text': 'Each device receives data from its upstream neighbor and transmits to its downstream neighbor.', 'start': 2534.541, 'duration': 4.742}], 'summary': 'Ibm designed token ring ieee 802.5, using physical star topology with logical ring, facilitating data transmission between devices.', 'duration': 25.854, 'max_score': 2513.429, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc2513429.jpg'}, {'end': 2802.492, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2769.911, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2771.112, 'text': 'Maximum length is 100 meters.', 'start': 2769.911, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 2782.99, 'text': 'Suitable for 100 megabits and can be used for Gigabit Ethernet Category 6, Backward compatible with Category 5 and 5e.', 'start': 2772.904, 'duration': 10.086}, {'end': 2789.074, 'text': 'Higher specifications for noise and crosstalk Suitable for Gigabit Ethernet.', 'start': 2782.99, 'duration': 6.084}, {'end': 2792.256, 'text': 'Maximum cable length is 100 meters.', 'start': 2789.074, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 2800.361, 'text': 'Category 7, More stringent than Category 6, cabling CAT 7, is suitable for 10 Gigabit networks.', 'start': 2792.256, 'duration': 8.105}, {'end': 2802.492, 'text': 'Maximum length is 100 meters.', 'start': 2801.292, 'duration': 1.2}], 'summary': 'Cables support 100 meters, suitable for 100 megabits, backward compatible with category 5, and suitable for 10 gigabit networks.', 'duration': 32.581, 'max_score': 2769.911, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc2769911.jpg'}, {'end': 2861.934, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2832.484, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 2838.928, 'text': 'Coax is more expensive, yet it is more resistant to electromagnetic interference than twisted pair cabling.', 'start': 2832.484, 'duration': 6.444}, {'end': 2842.31, 'text': 'It can transmit at a greater bandwidth and distance.', 'start': 2839.909, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 2845.813, 'text': 'Coax can come in two types of LANs.', 'start': 2843.751, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 2849.115, 'text': 'Thin net, RG58 size.', 'start': 2846.853, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 2852.277, 'text': 'Thick net, RG8 or RG11 size.', 'start': 2850.015, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 2857.672, 'text': 'There are two common types of coaxial cable transmission methods.', 'start': 2854.67, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 2861.934, 'text': 'Baseband The cable carries only a single channel.', 'start': 2858.652, 'duration': 3.282}], 'summary': 'Coax is more expensive but offers greater bandwidth and distance, with two types of lans and two common transmission methods.', 'duration': 29.45, 'max_score': 2832.484, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc2832484.jpg'}, {'end': 2942.979, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2916.62, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2922.844, 'text': 'Fiber optic cable is the most reliable cable type and it is also the expensive one to install and terminate.', 'start': 2916.62, 'duration': 6.224}, {'end': 2927.228, 'text': 'The light source transmits the optical signal on the fiber cable.', 'start': 2924.045, 'duration': 3.183}, {'end': 2934.273, 'text': 'There are two types of light sources, light emitting diodes and diode lasers.', 'start': 2928.188, 'duration': 6.085}, {'end': 2942.979, 'text': 'Light emitting diodes are the sophisticated LEDs found in consumer electronic, less expensive than diode lasers.', 'start': 2935.274, 'duration': 7.705}], 'summary': 'Fiber optic cable is reliable, with 2 light sources: leds and diode lasers.', 'duration': 26.359, 'max_score': 2916.62, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc2916620.jpg'}, {'end': 3037.703, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3011.471, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3016.994, 'text': 'A network topology defines the manner in which the network devices are organized to facilitate communications.', 'start': 3011.471, 'duration': 5.523}, {'end': 3021.716, 'text': 'A LAN topology defines this transmission manner for a local area network.', 'start': 3017.594, 'duration': 4.122}, {'end': 3029.439, 'text': 'There are five common LAN topologies, such as bus, ring, star, hierarchical, and mesh.', 'start': 3022.396, 'duration': 7.043}, {'end': 3037.703, 'text': 'In a bus topology, all transmissions of the network nodes travel the full length of the cable and are received by all other stations.', 'start': 3030.5, 'duration': 7.203}], 'summary': 'Lan topology organizes network devices for communication, with five common types: bus, ring, star, hierarchical, and mesh.', 'duration': 26.232, 'max_score': 3011.471, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc3011471.jpg'}, {'end': 3079.509, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3048.619, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 3055.162, 'text': 'In a ring topology, the network nodes are connected by unidirectional transmission links to form a closed loop.', 'start': 3048.619, 'duration': 6.543}, {'end': 3058.804, 'text': 'Tokenring and FDDI use this topology.', 'start': 3056.123, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 3065.287, 'text': 'In a star topology, the nodes of a network are connected directly to a central LAN device.', 'start': 3060.305, 'duration': 4.982}, {'end': 3070.905, 'text': 'The logical bus and ring topologies are often implemented physically in a star topology.', 'start': 3066.243, 'duration': 4.662}, {'end': 3079.509, 'text': 'Although Ethernet is logically thought of as a bus topology, its first implementations were thinnet and thicknet on a bus.', 'start': 3071.846, 'duration': 7.663}], 'summary': 'Ring topology forms a closed loop; star topology connects nodes to central lan device; ethernet first used thinnet and thicknet on a bus.', 'duration': 30.89, 'max_score': 3048.619, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc3048619.jpg'}, {'end': 3122.154, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3096.092, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 3100.678, 'text': 'In a mesh topology, all the nodes are connected to every other node in a network.', 'start': 3096.092, 'duration': 4.586}, {'end': 3104.842, 'text': 'This topology may be used to create backbone redundant networks.', 'start': 3101.519, 'duration': 3.323}, {'end': 3109.628, 'text': 'A full mesh topology has every node connected to every other node.', 'start': 3105.844, 'duration': 3.784}, {'end': 3114.974, 'text': 'A partial mesh topology may be used to connect multiple full mesh networks together.', 'start': 3110.689, 'duration': 4.285}, {'end': 3119.013, 'text': 'Let us discuss network transmission channel in the following screen.', 'start': 3116.072, 'duration': 2.941}, {'end': 3122.154, 'text': 'No matter what type of media access technology is being used,', 'start': 3119.033, 'duration': 3.121}], 'summary': 'Mesh topology connects all nodes, may create redundant networks, useful for multiple full mesh networks.', 'duration': 26.062, 'max_score': 3096.092, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc3096092.jpg'}, {'end': 3188.216, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3163.739, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 3172.162, 'text': 'Under the Ethernet Carrier Sense Multiple Access or CSMA with Collision Detection or CD media access process,', 'start': 3163.739, 'duration': 8.423}, {'end': 3177.504, 'text': 'any computer on a CSMA with CD LAN can access the network anytime.', 'start': 3172.162, 'duration': 5.342}, {'end': 3183.826, 'text': 'Before sending the data, the CSMA with CD hosts listen to the traffic on the network.', 'start': 3178.184, 'duration': 5.642}, {'end': 3188.216, 'text': 'A host that wants to send the data waits until there is no traffic.', 'start': 3184.813, 'duration': 3.403}], 'summary': 'Csma/cd allows any computer on the lan to access the network anytime, by listening to and waiting for no traffic.', 'duration': 24.477, 'max_score': 3163.739, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc3163739.jpg'}], 'start': 2383.542, 'title': 'Lan network technologies and topologies', 'summary': 'Provides an overview of lan network technologies, including ethernet, token ring, and fiber distributed data interface, discussing their architectures, topologies, bandwidth capabilities, and standards support. additionally, it covers legacy technologies, transmission media, and network topologies such as bus, ring, star, hierarchical, and mesh, along with media access technologies and methods like csma-cd and csma-ca.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2579.039, 'start': 2383.542, 'title': 'Lan network technologies overview', 'summary': 'Discusses lan network technologies including ethernet, token ring, and fiber distributed data interface, with details on their architectures, physical and logical topologies, bandwidth capabilities, and standards support.', 'duration': 195.497, 'highlights': ['Ethernet is the most popular LAN architecture, with flexible architecture, relatively inexpensive, and support for various physical topologies (bus, star, point-to-point) and logical topology (bus) (relevance: 5)', "Ethernet's CSMA-CD protocol allows devices to transmit data efficiently, with support for different types of cables and increasing bandwidth standards (10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1000 Mbps) (relevance: 4)", 'Token Ring uses a physical star topology and logical ring topology, with a token passing mechanism to mediate device transmission, and support for IEEE 802.5 standard (relevance: 3)']}, {'end': 2986.674, 'start': 2580.439, 'title': 'Legacy technologies and transmission media', 'summary': 'Discusses legacy technologies like token ring and fddi, which have been largely replaced by ethernet, and also covers transmission media including twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables, highlighting their categories, specifications, and advantages.', 'duration': 406.235, 'highlights': ['FDDI was designed as a 100 Mbps network backbone with two counter-rotating rings, providing a reliable backup in case of a break or outage.', 'UTP cabling comes in several categories, with Category 5 suitable for 100 megabits and Gigabit Ethernet, while Category 6 is suitable for Gigabit Ethernet and Category 7 is suitable for 10 Gigabit networks.', 'Coaxial cable requires repeaters in every 200 to 500 meters, works at 2 to 50 mbps, and can transmit at a greater bandwidth and distance compared to twisted pair cabling.', 'Fiber optic cable, although expensive to install and terminate, is the most reliable and offers higher transmission speeds and greater distances due to less dilution, with two types: multimode fiber and single-mode fiber.']}, {'end': 3119.013, 'start': 2987.834, 'title': 'Network topologies overview', 'summary': 'Discusses the core, cladding, and jacket layers of a transmission medium, and then delves into the five common lan topologies, including bus, ring, star, hierarchical, and mesh, and their respective characteristics and applications.', 'duration': 131.179, 'highlights': ['The five common LAN topologies are bus, ring, star, hierarchical, and mesh, each with specific characteristics and implementations.', 'Ethernet primarily uses bus topology, while Tokenring and FDDI use ring topology.', 'Star topology physically implements logical bus and ring topologies and provides more resilience for the entire topology when a station experiences errors.', 'Mesh topology connects all nodes to every other node, and may be used to create backbone redundant networks.']}, {'end': 3300.428, 'start': 3119.033, 'title': 'Media access technologies', 'summary': 'Explains the main resource shared by all systems and devices on a network, including media access technologies like ethernet, token ring, fddi, and wi-fi, and methods such as csma-cd and csma-ca, with a focus on carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance.', 'duration': 181.395, 'highlights': ['The main resource shared by all systems and devices on a network is a network transmission channel, and examples of media access technologies include Ethernet over STP-UTP, token ring over coaxial cabling, FDDI over fiber, and Wi-Fi over a frequency spectrum, highlighting the variety of technologies utilized in networking.', 'CSMA-CD allows any computer on a LAN to access the network anytime, with hosts waiting until there is no traffic before sending data, and it was created to overcome collisions that occur when packets are simultaneously transmitted from different nodes, highlighting the function and purpose of CSMA-CD in network transmission.', 'CSMA with Collision Avoidance involves workstations attached to coaxial cables, monitoring carrier activity and using methods such as RTS and CTS to avoid collisions, ensuring that workstations can communicate effectively and avoid data transmission conflicts, emphasizing the importance of collision avoidance in network communication.']}], 'duration': 916.886, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc2383542.jpg', 'highlights': ["Ethernet's CSMA-CD protocol supports increasing bandwidth standards (10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1000 Mbps)", 'Ethernet is the most popular LAN architecture, with flexible and relatively inexpensive architecture', 'Fiber optic cable offers higher transmission speeds and greater distances due to less dilution', 'UTP Category 6 is suitable for Gigabit Ethernet, and Category 7 is suitable for 10 Gigabit networks', 'Token Ring uses a physical star topology and logical ring topology, with support for IEEE 802.5 standard', 'The five common LAN topologies are bus, ring, star, hierarchical, and mesh', 'Star topology physically implements logical bus and ring topologies and provides more resilience', 'CSMA-CD allows any computer on a LAN to access the network anytime, with hosts waiting until there is no traffic before sending data', 'Mesh topology connects all nodes to every other node, and may be used to create backbone redundant networks', 'Coaxial cable works at 2 to 50 mbps and can transmit at a greater bandwidth and distance compared to twisted pair cabling']}, {'end': 4261.06, 'segs': [{'end': 3331.061, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3301.649, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3305.892, 'text': 'In the following screen, we will discuss the three types of land transmission methods.', 'start': 3301.649, 'duration': 4.243}, {'end': 3308.715, 'text': 'Let us now discuss the flavors of land transmission methods.', 'start': 3305.913, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 3312.077, 'text': 'There are three flavors of land transmission methods.', 'start': 3309.615, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 3319.554, 'text': 'They are Unicast, the packet is sent from a single source to a single destination address, Multicast.', 'start': 3312.498, 'duration': 7.056}, {'end': 3324.577, 'text': 'The source packet is copied and sent to specific multiple destinations on the network.', 'start': 3320.295, 'duration': 4.282}, {'end': 3331.061, 'text': 'Broadcast The packet is copied and sent to all the nodes on the network or segment of a network.', 'start': 3325.618, 'duration': 5.443}], 'summary': 'Discussing three flavors of land transmission methods: unicast, multicast, and broadcast.', 'duration': 29.412, 'max_score': 3301.649, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc3301649.jpg'}, {'end': 3559.996, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3531.035, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3537.498, 'text': 'VLANs can aid in isolating segments with sensitive data from the rest of the broadcast domain and can increase security assurance.', 'start': 3531.035, 'duration': 6.463}, {'end': 3542.008, 'text': 'They can reduce the number of router hops and increase the usable bandwidth.', 'start': 3538.527, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 3548.931, 'text': 'VLANs reduce routing broadcast because ACLs control the stations and the traffic they receive.', 'start': 3543.409, 'duration': 5.522}, {'end': 3552.593, 'text': 'VLANs are segmented logically rather than physically.', 'start': 3550.132, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 3559.996, 'text': 'They may be created to segregate job or department functions that require heavy bandwidth without affecting the rest of the network.', 'start': 3553.273, 'duration': 6.723}], 'summary': 'Vlans enhance security, reduce router hops, and increase usable bandwidth by logically segmenting and controlling traffic, improving network performance.', 'duration': 28.961, 'max_score': 3531.035, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc3531035.jpg'}, {'end': 3602.026, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3576.174, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3582.436, 'text': 'Trunking is a technology that allows information from multiple VLANs to be carried over just one link between switches.', 'start': 3576.174, 'duration': 6.262}, {'end': 3591.58, 'text': 'The VLAN Trunking Protocol is a protocol that switches use to communicate amongst themselves about VLAN configuration.', 'start': 3583.476, 'duration': 8.104}, {'end': 3602.026, 'text': 'When a VLAN is implemented with private port switching, it provides fairly stringent security because broadcast vulnerabilities are minimized.', 'start': 3592.721, 'duration': 9.305}], 'summary': 'Trunking technology carries multiple vlans over one link between switches.', 'duration': 25.852, 'max_score': 3576.174, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc3576174.jpg'}, {'end': 3701.152, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3671.821, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3675.724, 'text': 'In the next screen, we will focus on network access control devices.', 'start': 3671.821, 'duration': 3.903}, {'end': 3680.328, 'text': 'Network access control devices are used to allow only the legitimate traffic on the network.', 'start': 3675.744, 'duration': 4.584}, {'end': 3682.57, 'text': 'An example is a firewall.', 'start': 3681.128, 'duration': 1.442}, {'end': 3685.452, 'text': 'Firewalls were invented in the 1980s.', 'start': 3683.49, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 3691.938, 'text': 'These devices are placed at a network boundary, designed to block unwanted incoming or outgoing traffic.', 'start': 3686.433, 'duration': 5.505}, {'end': 3701.152, 'text': 'A firewall works by examining each packet and consulting a list of rules to determine whether the packet should be permitted to pass through the firewall or be blocked.', 'start': 3692.987, 'duration': 8.165}], 'summary': 'Network access control devices like firewalls allow only legitimate traffic, invented in the 1980s.', 'duration': 29.331, 'max_score': 3671.821, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc3671821.jpg'}, {'end': 3979.564, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3956.204, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3964.831, 'text': 'protocols that are considered connectionless, such as UDP-based applications and remote procedure calls RPCs, can be tracked easily.', 'start': 3956.204, 'duration': 8.627}, {'end': 3969.275, 'text': 'Let us understand the firewall architectures in the following screen.', 'start': 3965.912, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 3976.001, 'text': 'The four basic types of firewall architectures are packet filtering routers, screened host firewalls,', 'start': 3969.295, 'duration': 6.706}, {'end': 3979.564, 'text': 'dual-homed host firewalls and screened subnet firewalls.', 'start': 3976.001, 'duration': 3.563}], 'summary': 'Udp-based applications and rpcs can be easily tracked. four basic types of firewall architectures are packet filtering routers, screened host firewalls, dual-homed host firewalls, and screened subnet firewalls.', 'duration': 23.36, 'max_score': 3956.204, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc3956204.jpg'}], 'start': 3301.649, 'title': 'Network transmission & security', 'summary': 'Covers land transmission methods - unicast, multicast, and broadcast, various network devices, vlans, their benefits, network access control, firewall architectures, and important network security terms, providing a comprehensive understanding of network transmission and security.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3486.521, 'start': 3301.649, 'title': 'Land transmission methods & network devices', 'summary': 'Discusses three flavors of land transmission methods - unicast, multicast, and broadcast - and various network devices including repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, routers, wireless access points, and hotspots.', 'duration': 184.872, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains three flavors of land transmission methods: Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast.', 'It covers various network devices such as repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, routers, wireless access points, and hotspots.', 'Routers operate at the network layer, layer three of the OSI protocol model, and are necessary when communicating between virtual LANs, VLANs.', 'Switches send the data packet only to the specified port where the destination MAC address is located, relying on the MAC address to determine the source and destination of a packet.', 'A wireless access point, WAP, is a device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or related standards.']}, {'end': 3956.204, 'start': 3486.541, 'title': 'Understanding vlans and network access control', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of vlans, their benefits including increased security and reduced broadcast traffic, and the role of network access control devices such as firewalls in allowing only legitimate traffic on the network.', 'duration': 469.663, 'highlights': ['VLANs create isolated broadcast domains to increase security and reduce broadcast traffic, aiding in isolating segments with sensitive data from the rest of the network.', 'Trunking allows communication between multiple VLANs on different switches via a single link, enhancing network efficiency.', 'Network access control devices, such as firewalls, inspect incoming packets and use various techniques like packet filtering, application level, circuit level, and stateful inspection to control network traffic and enhance security.']}, {'end': 4261.06, 'start': 3956.204, 'title': 'Firewall architectures & network security terms', 'summary': 'Covers firewall architectures including packet filtering routers, screened host firewalls, dual-homed host firewalls, and screened subnet firewalls, along with important network security terms such as demilitarized zone, bastion host, and endpoint security. the chapter also discusses the responsibilities and features of a modern firewall, including its ability to perform deep packet inspection and context-based filtering.', 'duration': 304.856, 'highlights': ['The four basic types of firewall architectures are packet filtering routers, screened host firewalls, dual-homed host firewalls, and screened subnet firewalls, providing various levels of security and protection to the networks.', "Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), also known as perimeter networking, is a physical or logical sub-network that adds a layer of security to an organization's local area network, serving as a buffer zone between an unprotected network and a protected network.", "Endpoint Security places the responsibility of security on the device, including the protection of a business's network from employee memory devices that may unknowingly contain malware, and increasing use of desktop firewalls and antivirus software among broadband users.", 'A stateful inspection firewall is being worked on, which can perform deep packet inspection on all layers of the OSI model, is transparent to the user, context-based, and capable of discarding unsolicited packets arriving from the internet.']}], 'duration': 959.411, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc3301649.jpg', 'highlights': ['VLANs create isolated broadcast domains to increase security and reduce broadcast traffic.', 'The chapter explains three flavors of land transmission methods: Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast.', 'Network access control devices, such as firewalls, inspect incoming packets and use various techniques like packet filtering, application level, circuit level, and stateful inspection to control network traffic and enhance security.', 'The four basic types of firewall architectures are packet filtering routers, screened host firewalls, dual-homed host firewalls, and screened subnet firewalls, providing various levels of security and protection to the networks.', 'Trunking allows communication between multiple VLANs on different switches via a single link, enhancing network efficiency.']}, {'end': 4600.164, 'segs': [{'end': 4325.355, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4300.29, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4308.752, 'text': 'Campus Area Network is a typically large campus network that connects multiple buildings with each other across a high-performance switched backbone on the main campus.', 'start': 4300.29, 'duration': 8.462}, {'end': 4315.653, 'text': 'Metropolitan Area Network, or MAN, is essentially a LAN that extends over a city or metropolitan area.', 'start': 4309.212, 'duration': 6.441}, {'end': 4325.355, 'text': 'It is commonly a backbone network that connects business to WANs, often using SONNET or FDDI rings provided by the telecommunications vendors.', 'start': 4316.613, 'duration': 8.742}], 'summary': 'Campus area network connects multiple buildings; metropolitan area network extends over a city.', 'duration': 25.065, 'max_score': 4300.29, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc4300290.jpg'}, {'end': 4472.321, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4425.998, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4432.363, 'text': 'To become familiar with the various type of WAN technologies, you must understand WAN protocols, topologies, and devices.', 'start': 4425.998, 'duration': 6.365}, {'end': 4438.648, 'text': 'Similar to LAN protocols, WAN protocols are the rules for communicating between computers on a WAN.', 'start': 4433.243, 'duration': 5.405}, {'end': 4442.672, 'text': 'Since WAN is often used for connecting diverse networks.', 'start': 4439.569, 'duration': 3.103}, {'end': 4447.876, 'text': 'these protocols address the issues involved with communications between many large and unrelated networks.', 'start': 4442.672, 'duration': 5.204}, {'end': 4451.44, 'text': 'WANs use packet switching and circuit switching technologies.', 'start': 4448.637, 'duration': 2.803}, {'end': 4460.618, 'text': 'The different types of WAN technologies are WAN Switching and Devices, Network Address Translation, Frame Relay,', 'start': 4452.335, 'duration': 8.283}, {'end': 4467.56, 'text': 'Multi-Protocol Label Switching and Voice over Internet Protocol.', 'start': 4460.618, 'duration': 6.942}, {'end': 4472.321, 'text': 'WAN switching is required when the network grows and needs more than a single point-to-point connection.', 'start': 4467.56, 'duration': 4.761}], 'summary': 'Understanding wan protocols, topologies, and devices is essential for addressing issues in communicating between diverse networks using wan technologies like packet switching and circuit switching.', 'duration': 46.323, 'max_score': 4425.998, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc4425998.jpg'}, {'end': 4520.262, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4490.473, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4496.596, 'text': 'A circuit switch network describes a type of WAN that consists of a physical, permanent connection from one point to another.', 'start': 4490.473, 'duration': 6.123}, {'end': 4499.697, 'text': 'This technology is older than packet switching.', 'start': 4497.516, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 4502.819, 'text': 'Telephone is an example of circuit switch networks.', 'start': 4500.317, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 4504.94, 'text': 'Packet Switch Networks.', 'start': 4503.919, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 4512.579, 'text': 'Packet switching is defined as a networking method where nodes share bandwidth with each other by sending small data units called packets.', 'start': 4505.936, 'duration': 6.643}, {'end': 4520.262, 'text': 'A packet switch network, PSN or PSDN, is a network that uses packet switching technology for data transfer.', 'start': 4513.459, 'duration': 6.803}], 'summary': 'Circuit switch networks use physical connections, while packet switch networks share bandwidth via small data units (packets).', 'duration': 29.789, 'max_score': 4490.473, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc4490473.jpg'}], 'start': 4263.542, 'title': 'Data networks and wan technologies', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of data networks, including nic, transmission medium, nos, and lan devices, and discusses types of lans including can and man. it also provides an overview of wan technologies, protocols, topologies, and devices, such as wan switching, circuit switching, packet switching, and wan devices.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4315.653, 'start': 4263.542, 'title': 'Data network basics', 'summary': 'Discusses the basics of a data network, including the components required for communication, such as nic, transmission medium, nos, and lan devices, as well as the common types of lans including can and man.', 'duration': 52.111, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the essential components required for communication on a data network, including NIC, transmission medium, NOS, and LAN devices.', 'It details the common types of LANs, including Campus Area Network (CAN) and Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), with the former connecting multiple buildings across a high-performance switched backbone and the latter extending over a city or metropolitan area.']}, {'end': 4600.164, 'start': 4316.613, 'title': 'Types of networks and wan technologies', 'summary': 'Discusses the types of networks including internet, intranet, and extranet, and provides an overview of wan technologies, protocols, topologies, and devices, such as wan switching, circuit switching, packet switching, and wan devices.', 'duration': 283.551, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the types of networks including internet, intranet, and extranet, and provides an overview of WAN technologies, protocols, topologies, and devices, such as WAN switching, circuit switching, packet switching, and WAN devices.', 'WAN protocols are the rules for communicating between computers on a WAN, addressing the issues involved with communications between diverse networks.', 'WANs use packet switching and circuit switching technologies, with different types of WAN technologies including WAN Switching and Devices, Network Address Translation, Frame Relay, Multi-Protocol Label Switching, and Voice over Internet Protocol.', "Circuit switch networks consist of a physical, permanent connection from one point to another, while packet switch networks use packet switching technology for data transfer, breaking data into packets and sending them based on the router's understanding of the best available route.", 'WAN devices such as routers, multiplexers, WAN switches, and Network Address Translation (NAT) are essential for WAN protocols in various topologies, enabling the conversion of IP addresses between networks.']}], 'duration': 336.622, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc4263542.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter details the common types of LANs, including Campus Area Network (CAN) and Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).', 'It provides an overview of WAN technologies, protocols, topologies, and devices, such as WAN switching, circuit switching, and packet switching.', 'WAN protocols address the issues involved with communications between diverse networks.', 'WANs use packet switching and circuit switching technologies, with different types of WAN technologies including WAN Switching and Devices, Network Address Translation, Frame Relay, Multi-Protocol Label Switching, and Voice over Internet Protocol.', 'Circuit switch networks consist of a physical, permanent connection from one point to another, while packet switch networks use packet switching technology for data transfer.']}, {'end': 6029.701, 'segs': [{'end': 4670.893, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4601.024, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4608.796, 'text': 'The Internet Assigned Number Authority has reserved three blocks of the IP address space for private Internet addresses 10.0.', 'start': 4601.024, 'duration': 7.772}, {'end': 4613.92, 'text': '0.0 through 10.255.', 'start': 4608.796, 'duration': 5.124}, {'end': 4617.934, 'text': '255.255 172.16.', 'start': 4613.92, 'duration': 4.014}, {'end': 4618.23, 'text': '0.0 through 172.31.', 'start': 4617.934, 'duration': 0.296}, {'end': 4618.26, 'text': '255.255 192.168.', 'start': 4618.23, 'duration': 0.03}, {'end': 4618.635, 'text': '0.0 through 192.168.', 'start': 4618.26, 'duration': 0.375}, {'end': 4624.3, 'text': '255.255 FrameRelay is a high performance WAN protocol that operates at the data link layer of the OSI model.', 'start': 4618.635, 'duration': 5.665}, {'end': 4645.188, 'text': 'Originally designed for use across ISDN interfaces,', 'start': 4641.866, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 4651.233, 'text': 'it is currently used with a variety of other interfaces and is a major standard for high-speed WAN communications.', 'start': 4645.188, 'duration': 6.045}, {'end': 4654.104, 'text': 'FrameRelay is a successor to X.', 'start': 4651.993, 'duration': 2.111}, {'end': 4655.616, 'text': '25 and LAPB.', 'start': 4654.104, 'duration': 1.512}, {'end': 4662.861, 'text': 'It is the fastest of the WAN protocols listed because of its simplified framing approach which utilizes no error correction.', 'start': 4656.436, 'duration': 6.425}, {'end': 4670.893, 'text': 'FrameRelay uses SVCs, PVCs, and Data Link Connection Identifiers for addressing.', 'start': 4663.991, 'duration': 6.902}], 'summary': 'Three blocks of private ip addresses reserved; framerelay is a high-speed wan protocol, successor to x.25 and lapb.', 'duration': 69.869, 'max_score': 4601.024, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc4601024.jpg'}, {'end': 4717.26, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4692.119, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4697.524, 'text': 'It can be used to carry different kinds of traffic, including both voice telephone traffic and IP packets.', 'start': 4692.119, 'duration': 5.405}, {'end': 4702.728, 'text': 'MPLS operates at a layer 2.5.', 'start': 4698.444, 'duration': 4.284}, {'end': 4706.171, 'text': 'Voice over Internet Protocol is a category of hardware and software.', 'start': 4702.728, 'duration': 3.443}, {'end': 4717.26, 'text': 'It enables people to use the Internet as the transmission medium for telephone calls by sending voice data in packets using IP rather than by traditional circuit transmissions of the PSTN.', 'start': 4706.812, 'duration': 10.448}], 'summary': 'Mpls carries voice and ip traffic at layer 2.5, enabling voip over the internet.', 'duration': 25.141, 'max_score': 4692.119, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc4692119.jpg'}, {'end': 4834.241, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4742.936, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 4749.203, 'text': 'It allows Fibre Channel to use 10 Gigabit Ethernet networks or higher speeds while preserving the Fibre Channel protocol.', 'start': 4742.936, 'duration': 6.267}, {'end': 4760.155, 'text': 'FCOE converges storage and IP protocols on a single cable transport and interface by moving Fibre Channel traffic across existing high-speed Ethernet infrastructure.', 'start': 4750.264, 'duration': 9.891}, {'end': 4765.49, 'text': 'Internet. Small Computer System Interface or iSCSI,', 'start': 4761.488, 'duration': 4.002}, {'end': 4774.413, 'text': 'is a transport layer protocol that defines how small computer system interface or SCSI packets should be transported over a TCP slash IP network.', 'start': 4765.49, 'duration': 8.923}, {'end': 4780.736, 'text': 'iSCSI enables data transfers over intranets and manages storage over long distances.', 'start': 4775.614, 'duration': 5.122}, {'end': 4789.159, 'text': 'It can be used to transmit data over local area networks or LANs, wide area networks or WANs, or the internet.', 'start': 4781.676, 'duration': 7.483}, {'end': 4793.66, 'text': 'It can also enable location independent data storage and retrieval.', 'start': 4789.979, 'duration': 3.681}, {'end': 4797.662, 'text': 'Let us discuss virtualized networks in the following slides.', 'start': 4794.661, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 4805.905, 'text': 'Virtual Storage Area Network or VSAN is a collection of ports from a set of connected fiber channel switches that forms a virtual fabric.', 'start': 4797.682, 'duration': 8.223}, {'end': 4813.214, 'text': 'Ports within a single switch can be partitioned into multiple vSANs, despite sharing hardware resources.', 'start': 4806.872, 'duration': 6.342}, {'end': 4821.937, 'text': 'vSAN allows isolation of traffic within particular portions of a storage area network, or SAN, by creating a logical partition.', 'start': 4814.214, 'duration': 7.723}, {'end': 4825.998, 'text': 'Software. Defined Networking or SDN,', 'start': 4823.217, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 4834.241, 'text': 'allows network administrators to support a network fabric across multi-vendor equipment by decoupling the control from the physical infrastructure.', 'start': 4825.998, 'duration': 8.243}], 'summary': 'Fcoe enables fibre channel over 10g ethernet, iscsi manages storage over ip, vsan provides virtual fabric, sdn decouples network control.', 'duration': 91.305, 'max_score': 4742.936, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc4742936.jpg'}, {'end': 4938.177, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4902.838, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4922.931, 'text': 'Other remote access protocols include VPN using PPTP and L2TP, Internet Protocol Security, IPSCC, Secure Socket Layer, Secure HTTP and Secure Shell.', 'start': 4902.838, 'duration': 20.093}, {'end': 4929.994, 'text': 'VPN is created by building a secure communication link between two nodes, emulating the properties of a point-to-point private link.', 'start': 4922.931, 'duration': 7.063}, {'end': 4938.177, 'text': 'A VPN can be used to facilitate remote access, VPN, network-to-network VPN, and intranet access VPN.', 'start': 4930.894, 'duration': 7.283}], 'summary': 'Various remote access protocols include vpn using pptp and l2tp, ipscc, ssl, ssh. vpn provides secure communication for remote, network-to-network, and intranet access.', 'duration': 35.339, 'max_score': 4902.838, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc4902838.jpg'}, {'end': 5129.228, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5097.133, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5102.055, 'text': 'Tunnel mode used by security gateways, which can provide point-to-point IPsec tunnels.', 'start': 5097.133, 'duration': 4.922}, {'end': 5104.096, 'text': 'It encrypts the entire packet.', 'start': 5102.695, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 5108.518, 'text': 'The payload and header are protected, that is, encryption and hash.', 'start': 5104.496, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 5113.24, 'text': 'Used for network-to-network, host-to-network and host-to-host communications.', 'start': 5109.258, 'duration': 3.982}, {'end': 5120.523, 'text': 'As its name suggests, in transport mode, the protocol protects the message passed down to IP from the transport layer.', 'start': 5113.9, 'duration': 6.623}, {'end': 5129.228, 'text': 'The message is processed by AHESP and the appropriate headers added in front of the transport UDP or TCP header.', 'start': 5121.263, 'duration': 7.965}], 'summary': 'Tunnel mode encrypts entire packets for secure network communication using ipsec.', 'duration': 32.095, 'max_score': 5097.133, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc5097133.jpg'}, {'end': 5203.057, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5173.174, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 5176.577, 'text': 'In the next screen, we will understand IPsec Security Protocol.', 'start': 5173.174, 'duration': 3.403}, {'end': 5181.501, 'text': 'Authentication header provides authentication and integrity for each packet of network data.', 'start': 5176.617, 'duration': 4.884}, {'end': 5186.426, 'text': 'It offers no confidentiality, but rather acts as a digital signature for the data.', 'start': 5182.002, 'duration': 4.424}, {'end': 5193.612, 'text': 'AH also protects against replay attacks where data is sniffed off a network and resent,', 'start': 5187.386, 'duration': 6.226}, {'end': 5197.875, 'text': 'often in an attempt to fraudulently reuse encrypted authentication credentials.', 'start': 5193.612, 'duration': 4.263}, {'end': 5203.057, 'text': 'AH operates directly on top of IP using IP protocol number 51.', 'start': 5198.675, 'duration': 4.382}], 'summary': "Ipsec's authentication header provides packet-level authentication and integrity without confidentiality, preventing replay attacks and operating on top of ip using protocol number 51.", 'duration': 29.883, 'max_score': 5173.174, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc5173174.jpg'}, {'end': 5544.242, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5511.576, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5519.638, 'text': 'The Internet Key Exchange or IKE protocol is a key management protocol standard that is used in conjunction with the IPSec standard.', 'start': 5511.576, 'duration': 8.062}, {'end': 5528.619, 'text': 'IKE enhances IPSec by providing additional features, flexibility, and ease of configuration for the IPSec standard.', 'start': 5520.638, 'duration': 7.981}, {'end': 5533.4, 'text': 'IPSec can, however, be configured without IKE.', 'start': 5530.06, 'duration': 3.34}, {'end': 5544.242, 'text': 'A variety of encryption algorithms like AES, DES, MD%, SHA-1 can be employed by IPSec.', 'start': 5534.8, 'duration': 9.442}], 'summary': 'Ike protocol enhances ipsec with additional features, flexibility, and ease of configuration, supporting encryption algorithms like aes, des, md5, and sha-1.', 'duration': 32.666, 'max_score': 5511.576, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc5511576.jpg'}, {'end': 5688.845, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5657.654, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5660.777, 'text': 'It was the first widespread public key encryption program.', 'start': 5657.654, 'duration': 3.123}, {'end': 5666.961, 'text': 'PGP is a complete crypto system that uses cryptographic protection to protect email and files.', 'start': 5661.357, 'duration': 5.604}, {'end': 5675.208, 'text': 'It can use RSA public key encryption for key management and use IDEA symmetric cipher for bulk encryption of data,', 'start': 5667.662, 'duration': 7.546}, {'end': 5679.111, 'text': 'although the user has the option of picking different types of algorithms for these functions.', 'start': 5675.208, 'duration': 3.903}, {'end': 5688.845, 'text': 'PGP can provide confidentiality by using the IDEA encryption algorithm, integrity by using the MD5 hashing algorithm,', 'start': 5680.043, 'duration': 8.802}], 'summary': 'Pgp is the first widespread public key encryption program, using rsa and idea algorithms for email and file protection.', 'duration': 31.191, 'max_score': 5657.654, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc5657654.jpg'}, {'end': 5798.321, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5770.287, 'weight': 14, 'content': [{'end': 5775.651, 'text': 'while HTTPS protects the communication channel between two computers, messages and all.', 'start': 5770.287, 'duration': 5.364}, {'end': 5784.055, 'text': 'HTTPS uses SSL, TLS, and HTTP to provide a protected circuit between a client and server.', 'start': 5776.651, 'duration': 7.404}, {'end': 5793.799, 'text': 'So SHTTP is used if an individual message needs to be encrypted, but if all information that passes between two computers must be encrypted,', 'start': 5784.535, 'duration': 9.264}, {'end': 5798.321, 'text': 'then HTTPS is used, which is SSL over HTTP.', 'start': 5793.799, 'duration': 4.522}], 'summary': 'Https provides a secure circuit between client and server using ssl, tls, and http.', 'duration': 28.034, 'max_score': 5770.287, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc5770287.jpg'}, {'end': 5911.479, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5880.483, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 5889.925, 'text': 'the ssl protocol was developed by netscape in 1994 to secure internet client server transactions, mostly used for e-commerce applications.', 'start': 5880.483, 'duration': 9.442}, {'end': 5896.746, 'text': 'the ssl protocol authenticates the server to the client using public key cryptography and digital certificates.', 'start': 5889.925, 'duration': 6.821}, {'end': 5900.967, 'text': 'in addition, this protocol provides for optional client to server authentication.', 'start': 5896.746, 'duration': 4.221}, {'end': 5911.479, 'text': 'It supports the use of RSA public key algorithms, IDEA, DES and 3DES private key algorithms and the MD5 hash function.', 'start': 5901.897, 'duration': 9.582}], 'summary': 'Ssl protocol secures internet transactions since 1994, used for e-commerce, supports rsa, idea, des, 3des, and md5.', 'duration': 30.996, 'max_score': 5880.483, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc5880483.jpg'}, {'end': 5989.475, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5963.913, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 5969.818, 'text': 'businesses and users do not see it as efficient because it requires more parties to coordinate their efforts,', 'start': 5963.913, 'duration': 5.905}, {'end': 5977.586, 'text': 'more software installation and configuration for each entity involved, and more effort and cost than the widely used SSL method.', 'start': 5969.818, 'duration': 7.768}, {'end': 5985.011, 'text': 'SET is a cryptographic protocol and infrastructure developed to send encrypted credit card numbers over the internet.', 'start': 5978.926, 'duration': 6.085}, {'end': 5989.475, 'text': 'The following entities would be involved with an SET transaction,', 'start': 5985.672, 'duration': 3.803}], 'summary': 'Set is seen as inefficient due to increased coordination, software installation, and cost compared to ssl for sending encrypted credit card numbers over the internet.', 'duration': 25.562, 'max_score': 5963.913, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc5963913.jpg'}], 'start': 4601.024, 'title': 'Network technologies and protocols', 'summary': 'Covers various network technologies and protocols including ip address blocks, framerelay, mpls, voip, fcoe, iscsi, vsan, sdn, remote access, vpn, ipsec, ipsec process, pgp, shttp, https, ssl, and set protocol. it discusses their functionalities, benefits, speed, addressing methods, and security features, aiming to provide insights into emerging and established networking solutions.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4670.893, 'start': 4601.024, 'title': 'Ip address blocks and framerelay protocol', 'summary': 'Discusses the reserved blocks of ip address space for private internet addresses and the high-speed wan protocol framerelay, highlighting its speed and addressing methods.', 'duration': 69.869, 'highlights': ['FrameRelay is a high performance WAN protocol that operates at the data link layer of the OSI model, currently used with a variety of interfaces and is a major standard for high-speed WAN communications.', 'FrameRelay is the fastest of the WAN protocols listed because of its simplified framing approach which utilizes no error correction.', 'The Internet Assigned Number Authority has reserved three blocks of the IP address space for private Internet addresses 10.0. 0.0 through 10.255. 255.255, 172.16. 0.0 through 172.31. 255.255, and 192.168. 0.0 through 192.168. 255.255.', 'FrameRelay uses SVCs, PVCs, and Data Link Connection Identifiers for addressing.']}, {'end': 4860.287, 'start': 4671.733, 'title': 'Mpls and emerging network technologies', 'summary': 'Discusses mpls and emerging network technologies including voip, fcoe, iscsi, vsan, sdn, and remote access, highlighting their functionalities and benefits.', 'duration': 188.554, 'highlights': ['MPLS enables the transport of various types of traffic, such as voice telephone traffic and IP packets, operating at layer 2.5 with major benefits in cost, interoperability, and performance.', 'VOIP allows voice data to be sent in packets using IP, providing benefits in cost, interoperability, and performance, while enabling transmission of telephone calls over the Internet.', 'FCOE technology enables fiber channel communications to run directly over Ethernet, converging storage and IP protocols on a single cable transport, allowing the use of 10 Gigabit Ethernet networks or higher speeds.', 'iSCSI is a transport layer protocol that enables data transfers over intranets and long distances with benefits in location independent data storage and retrieval, as well as data transmission over LANs, WANs, and the internet.', 'VSAN forms a virtual fabric by collecting ports from connected fiber channel switches, enabling the isolation of traffic within particular portions of a SAN by creating a logical partition.', 'SDN decouples the control from the physical infrastructure, allowing support of a network fabric across multi-vendor equipment, with the limitations of complexity, inability to scale, and vendor dependence.', 'The chapter also emphasizes the importance of security practitioners ensuring the hardening of the host system for guest operating systems in a virtual machine.']}, {'end': 5405.441, 'start': 4861.178, 'title': 'Remote access technologies', 'summary': 'Discusses remote access technologies, including vpn, and ipsec, which reduce networking costs, provide flexible work styles, and secure internet protocol communications.', 'duration': 544.263, 'highlights': ['VPN enables secure communication and reduces networking costs by using the internet (5 connections per session).', 'Internet Protocol Security suite adds a cryptographic layer to both IPv4 and IPv6, providing Virtual Private Networks for private data over the Internet.', "IPsec's tunnel mode encrypts the entire packet, used for network-to-network, host-to-network, and host-to-host communications.", "IPsec's transport mode protects the message from the transport layer, used for host-to-host communications only.", 'Authentication header of IPsec provides authentication and integrity for each packet of network data, offering no confidentiality, and operates directly on top of IP using IP protocol number 51.']}, {'end': 5657.654, 'start': 5406.121, 'title': 'Ipsec process overview', 'summary': 'Explains the ipsec process, including concepts such as security associations, security parameter index (spi), internet key exchange (ike) protocol, and the five main steps of ipsec operation. it also outlines the benefits provided by ike and the common encryption algorithms used by ipsec.', 'duration': 251.533, 'highlights': ['The Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol provides additional features, flexibility, and ease of configuration for the IPSec standard, enhancing IPSec by eliminating the need to manually specify all the IPSec security parameters, allowing key changes during IPSec sessions, and providing certification authority support, dynamic peer authentication, and anti-replay services.', 'The IPSec operation can be broken down into five main steps: interesting traffic initiation, IKE Phase 1 authentication and IKE SA negotiation, IKE Phase 2 for IPSec SA parameter negotiation, data transfer based on IPSec parameters and keys, and IPSec tunnel termination through deletion or timing out.', 'A Security Association (SA) is a simplex one-way connection used to negotiate ESP or AH parameters, with bidirectional traffic secured by a pair of SAs and the identification of each SA connection by a unique 32-bit number known as the Security Parameter Index (SPI).', 'The IPSec process utilizes encryption algorithms such as AES, DES, MD5, and SHA-1, with IPSec gateways implementing confidentiality, authentication, or both for the entire original packet and IPv4 header, and the IPSec process involving components like AH, ESP, ISAKMP, and IKE protocols.']}, {'end': 6029.701, 'start': 5657.654, 'title': 'Pgp and secure communication protocols', 'summary': 'Discusses the pretty good privacy (pgp) encryption program, its encryption algorithms, key management, and trust model. it also covers the differences between secure shttp, https, and ssl, as well as the secure electronic transaction (set) protocol proposed by visa and mastercard.', 'duration': 372.047, 'highlights': ['PGP is a complete crypto system that uses cryptographic protection to protect email and files, employing RSA public key encryption for key management and IDEA symmetric cipher for bulk encryption of data.', 'PGP provides confidentiality using the IDEA encryption algorithm, integrity using the MD5 hashing algorithm, authentication using public key certificates, and non-repudiation using cryptographically signed messages.', "PGP uses its own type of digital certificates and relies on a web of trust in its key management approach, where each user generates and distributes public keys, and users sign each other's public keys to create a community of trust.", 'Secure SHTTP protects individual messages sent between two computers, while HTTPS protects the communication channel and messages between two computers using SSL, TLS, and HTTP to provide a protected circuit between a client and server.', 'SSL protocol, developed by Netscape, authenticates the server to the client using public key cryptography and digital certificates, providing server authentication and optional client authentication, and supports RSA public key algorithms, IDEA, DES, and 3DES private key algorithms, and the MD5 hash function.', 'Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) is a security technology proposed by Visa and MasterCard for transmitting encrypted credit card numbers over the internet, requiring multiple entities to upgrade their software and hardware for implementation.']}], 'duration': 1428.677, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc4601024.jpg', 'highlights': ['FrameRelay is a high performance WAN protocol with simplified framing approach.', 'MPLS enables transport of various traffic types at layer 2.5 with cost benefits.', "IPsec's tunnel mode encrypts entire packet for network-to-network communications.", 'IKE protocol enhances IPSec by providing additional features and flexibility.', 'PGP uses cryptographic protection for email and files, employing RSA and IDEA.', 'VPN enables secure communication and reduces networking costs using the internet.', 'FCOE technology converges storage and IP protocols on a single cable transport.', "IPsec's transport mode protects the message from the transport layer.", 'VSAN forms a virtual fabric by collecting ports from connected fiber channel switches.', 'iSCSI enables data transfers over intranets and long distances with location independence.', 'SDN decouples control from physical infrastructure, supporting network fabric across multi-vendor equipment.', 'SSL protocol authenticates the server to the client using public key cryptography.', "IPsec's AH provides authentication and integrity for each packet of network data.", 'SET is a security technology proposed by Visa and MasterCard for transmitting encrypted credit card numbers over the internet.', 'SHTTP protects individual messages sent between two computers.', 'The Internet Assigned Number Authority has reserved three blocks of the IP address space for private Internet addresses.']}, {'end': 7550.61, 'segs': [{'end': 6088.089, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6030.541, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6034.142, 'text': 'The access server then hangs up and calls the user back at a predetermined phone number.', 'start': 6030.541, 'duration': 3.601}, {'end': 6036.883, 'text': "Let's now discuss various types of multimedia collaborations.", 'start': 6034.162, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 6039.365, 'text': 'Remote or virtual meetings.', 'start': 6037.884, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 6046.949, 'text': 'These are real-time interactions that take place over the Internet using integrated audio and video, chat tools, and application sharing.', 'start': 6040.145, 'duration': 6.804}, {'end': 6051.032, 'text': 'Instant messaging, abbreviated as IM,', 'start': 6048.01, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 6058.076, 'text': 'is a type of communication service that enables you to create a private chat room with another individual to communicate real-time over the Internet.', 'start': 6051.032, 'duration': 7.044}, {'end': 6069.337, 'text': 'Telecollaboration refers to a set of software technologies that enable the integration and extension of personal desktop collaboration into high-definition video conferencing solutions.', 'start': 6059.312, 'duration': 10.025}, {'end': 6075.82, 'text': 'Telepresence, a set of technologies which allows a person to feel as if they were present,', 'start': 6070.658, 'duration': 5.162}, {'end': 6082.044, 'text': 'to give the appearance of being present or to have an effect via telerobotics at a place other than their true location.', 'start': 6075.82, 'duration': 6.224}, {'end': 6088.089, 'text': 'The next screen will focus on wireless technology is the fastest growing area of network connectivity.', 'start': 6082.967, 'duration': 5.122}], 'summary': 'Multimedia collaborations include virtual meetings, im, telecollaboration, telepresence, and wireless technology.', 'duration': 57.548, 'max_score': 6030.541, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc6030541.jpg'}, {'end': 6365.055, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6337.994, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6341.557, 'text': '802.11n. specified speeds of up to 130 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz band.', 'start': 6337.994, 'duration': 3.563}, {'end': 6343.82, 'text': 'and. 802.11i specified speeds of security protocol.', 'start': 6341.557, 'duration': 2.263}, {'end': 6365.055, 'text': 'In the next screen we will learn about Bluetooth as a Wireless Personal Area Network technology for relatively low-speed data communication over short distances.', 'start': 6354.966, 'duration': 10.089}], 'summary': '802.11n offers speeds up to 130 mbps, 802.11i specifies security protocol, and bluetooth is for low-speed data communication over short distances.', 'duration': 27.061, 'max_score': 6337.994, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc6337994.jpg'}, {'end': 6443.783, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6417.133, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 6421.936, 'text': 'Bluetooth data rates range from 1 megabit per second to 3 megabits per second.', 'start': 6417.133, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 6427.879, 'text': "Bluetooth's power consumption is very low, which makes it suitable for low-power devices.", 'start': 6423.056, 'duration': 4.823}, {'end': 6431.501, 'text': 'The maximum range for communications is 10 meters.', 'start': 6428.939, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 6436.8, 'text': 'Bluetooth devices can authenticate through a process called pairing,', 'start': 6433.038, 'duration': 3.762}, {'end': 6443.783, 'text': 'during which two devices can exchange a cryptographic secret key that the two devices can later use to securely identify themselves.', 'start': 6436.8, 'duration': 6.983}], 'summary': 'Bluetooth data rates range from 1-3 mbps, with low power consumption and a 10-meter range for communications.', 'duration': 26.65, 'max_score': 6417.133, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc6417133.jpg'}, {'end': 6755.609, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6727.124, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 6728.744, 'text': 'Wireless scanning and eavesdropping.', 'start': 6727.124, 'duration': 1.62}, {'end': 6737.136, 'text': 'Wireless technology is also vulnerable to eavesdropping, especially because intruders do not have to physically tap into a network.', 'start': 6730.151, 'duration': 6.985}, {'end': 6739.097, 'text': 'War driving.', 'start': 6738.497, 'duration': 0.6}, {'end': 6741.499, 'text': 'War driving.', 'start': 6740.338, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 6751.126, 'text': 'also war walking is a term used to describe a hacker who, armed with a laptop and a wireless adapter card and traveling via a car, bus, subway,', 'start': 6741.499, 'duration': 9.627}, {'end': 6755.609, 'text': 'train or other form of transport, goes around sniffing for WLANs.', 'start': 6751.126, 'duration': 4.483}], 'summary': 'Wireless technology vulnerable to eavesdropping, war driving and war walking.', 'duration': 28.485, 'max_score': 6727.124, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc6727124.jpg'}, {'end': 6873.607, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 6787.575, 'weight': 0.716, 'content': [{'end': 6797.784, 'text': 'WEP, short for Wired Equivalency Privacy, a security protocol for wireless local area networks, WLANs, defined in the 802.11b standard.', 'start': 6787.575, 'duration': 10.209}, {'end': 6807.112, 'text': 'LANs are inherently more secure than WLANs because LANs are somewhat protected by the physicalities of their structure,', 'start': 6798.985, 'duration': 8.127}, {'end': 6812.297, 'text': 'having some or all part of the network inside a building that can be protected from unauthorized access.', 'start': 6807.112, 'duration': 5.185}, {'end': 6820.136, 'text': 'WLANs, which are over radio waves, do not have the same physical structure and therefore are more vulnerable to tampering.', 'start': 6813.77, 'duration': 6.366}, {'end': 6830.545, 'text': 'Wired Equivalency Privacy uses StreamCypher for confidentiality and CRC32 Checksum for data integrity.', 'start': 6821.417, 'duration': 9.128}, {'end': 6841.054, 'text': 'WPA-PSK is an authentication mechanism in which users provide some form of credentials to verify that they should be allowed access to a network.', 'start': 6832.406, 'duration': 8.648}, {'end': 6849.829, 'text': 'This requires a single password entered into each WLAN node, access points, wireless routers, client adapters, bridges.', 'start': 6842.062, 'duration': 7.767}, {'end': 6855.333, 'text': 'As long as the passwords match, a client will be granted access to a WLAN.', 'start': 6850.97, 'duration': 4.363}, {'end': 6864.681, 'text': "WPA-PSK mode is designed for home and small office networks and doesn't require an authentication server.", 'start': 6856.795, 'duration': 7.886}, {'end': 6873.607, 'text': 'Each wireless network device authenticates with the access point using the same 256-bit key generated from a password or passphrase.', 'start': 6865.686, 'duration': 7.921}], 'summary': 'Wep provides security for wlans using streamcypher and crc32. wpa-psk offers authentication with a single password for home and small office networks.', 'duration': 86.032, 'max_score': 6787.575, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc6787575.jpg'}, {'end': 6967.328, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6938.166, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 6942.189, 'text': 'This standard specifies security mechanisms for wireless networks.', 'start': 6938.166, 'duration': 4.023}, {'end': 6944.25, 'text': 'wireless best practices.', 'start': 6942.189, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 6947.632, 'text': "change the access point's default SSID.", 'start': 6944.25, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 6950.554, 'text': 'disable the broadcast SSID function on the AP.', 'start': 6947.632, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 6955.145, 'text': 'Enable WPA2 for better security.', 'start': 6951.624, 'duration': 3.521}, {'end': 6957.666, 'text': 'Employ MAC address filtering.', 'start': 6955.145, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 6962.627, 'text': 'Implement a RADIUS or Kerberos server to provide strong authentication.', 'start': 6957.666, 'duration': 4.961}, {'end': 6967.328, 'text': 'Physically locate the AP in an area that limits its radio emanations.', 'start': 6962.627, 'duration': 4.701}], 'summary': 'Standard specifies security for wireless networks, including wpa2 and mac address filtering.', 'duration': 29.162, 'max_score': 6938.166, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc6938166.jpg'}, {'end': 7019.547, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6991.028, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 6994.609, 'text': 'Hilda Jacobs was asked to provide suggestions for securing communication.', 'start': 6991.028, 'duration': 3.581}, {'end': 6999.151, 'text': 'Kevin worked with Hilda in this assignment, and they produced their report.', 'start': 6995.57, 'duration': 3.581}, {'end': 7006.475, 'text': 'The report suggested that all the site-to-site communication over the public network or internet should use IPSec.', 'start': 7000.092, 'duration': 6.383}, {'end': 7014.785, 'text': 'Administrators will have to use SSH instead of Telnet for administration of network devices or servers over the network.', 'start': 7008.163, 'duration': 6.622}, {'end': 7019.547, 'text': 'SSH provides more secure communication channel as compared to Telnet.', 'start': 7015.806, 'duration': 3.741}], 'summary': 'Report recommends using ipsec for site-to-site communication and ssh instead of telnet for network administration.', 'duration': 28.519, 'max_score': 6991.028, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc6991028.jpg'}, {'end': 7257.96, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7229.499, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 7234.982, 'text': 'Often, the volume of spam is so high that over 90% of all email on the internet is spam.', 'start': 7229.499, 'duration': 5.483}, {'end': 7243.027, 'text': 'Phishing Phishing is a type of spam where the content of a message is designed to masquerade a trustworthy organization.', 'start': 7236.423, 'duration': 6.604}, {'end': 7252.154, 'text': 'The intention is to defraud the recipient by persuading them to an authentic-looking website where they will enter secret information such as user IDs,', 'start': 7244.107, 'duration': 8.047}, {'end': 7257.96, 'text': 'passwords, bank account or credit card numbers, date of birth, social insurance numbers and so on.', 'start': 7252.154, 'duration': 5.806}], 'summary': 'Over 90% of internet email is spam, including phishing attempts to defraud recipients.', 'duration': 28.461, 'max_score': 7229.499, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc7229499.jpg'}, {'end': 7347.446, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7320.356, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 7324.737, 'text': 'Let us look at the countermeasures of network attacks in the following access control lists.', 'start': 7320.356, 'duration': 4.381}, {'end': 7333.139, 'text': 'The earliest and the common technique used to block unwanted traffic is the use of access control lists on network routers.', 'start': 7325.717, 'duration': 7.422}, {'end': 7342.604, 'text': 'ACLs. while they may lack the strength to handle some of the more complex types of TCPIP sessions that include the use of dynamically allocated ports,', 'start': 7334.201, 'duration': 8.403}, {'end': 7347.446, 'text': 'they often represent a good first line of defense to block several types of unwanted traffic.', 'start': 7342.604, 'duration': 4.842}], 'summary': 'Acls on network routers are effective in blocking unwanted traffic, serving as a good first line of defense', 'duration': 27.09, 'max_score': 7320.356, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc7320356.jpg'}], 'start': 6030.541, 'title': 'Multimedia collaboration and wireless security', 'summary': 'Covers multimedia collaboration technologies including remote meetings, instant messaging, and wireless connectivity. it also discusses ieee 802.11 wireless standards, bluetooth, security vulnerabilities, wireless encryption protocols, and network security countermeasures.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6088.089, 'start': 6030.541, 'title': 'Multimedia collaboration technologies', 'summary': 'Discusses various multimedia collaboration technologies including remote or virtual meetings, instant messaging, telecollaboration, telepresence, and wireless technology as the fastest growing area of network connectivity.', 'duration': 57.548, 'highlights': ['Telepresence allows a person to feel as if they were present or to have an effect via telerobotics at a place other than their true location.', 'Remote or virtual meetings are real-time interactions over the Internet using integrated audio and video, chat tools, and application sharing.', 'Instant messaging enables private real-time communication over the Internet.', 'Telecollaboration integrates and extends personal desktop collaboration into high-definition video conferencing solutions.', 'Wireless technology is the fastest growing area of network connectivity.']}, {'end': 6725.683, 'start': 6088.749, 'title': 'Wireless technologies and security', 'summary': "Discusses ieee 802.11 wireless standards, spread spectrum technologies, and bluetooth, highlighting 802.11 specifications, operational modes, and security vulnerabilities, as well as bluetooth's applications, pairing process, and potential attacks.", 'duration': 636.934, 'highlights': ['IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standards, including 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, and 802.11i, specify speeds up to 54 Mbps and security protocol specifications.', 'Bluetooth operates in the 2.4 to 2.5 GHz band with FHSS technology, has data rates ranging from 1-3 Mbps, and a maximum communication range of 10 meters, making it suitable for low-power devices.', 'The chapter explains the vulnerabilities inherent to wireless computing, such as DOS attacks, WAP gap, insertion attacks, rogue access points, WEP weaknesses, and SSID issues, highlighting the challenges of securing and managing wireless-enabled devices like laptops.', 'Specific types of attacks on Bluetooth-enabled devices are detailed, including blue jacking, blue snarfing, blue bugging, backdoor attacks, and denial of service attacks, with potential consequences including identity theft and financial damage.']}, {'end': 7187.679, 'start': 6727.124, 'title': 'Wireless security overview', 'summary': 'Discusses wireless security vulnerabilities such as eavesdropping and war driving, and provides insights into wireless encryption protocols, network attacks, and best practices for improving communication security.', 'duration': 460.555, 'highlights': ['Wireless technology vulnerability to eavesdropping and war driving, with common exploits finding many wireless networks with WEP disabled and using only the SSID for access control.', 'Overview of wireless encryption protocols including WEP, WPA-PSK, WPA and WPA2 Enterprise, with details on their authentication mechanisms and security features.', 'Explanation of 802.1X Port-Based Network Access Control Standard and IEEE 802.11i as an amendment to the original IEEE 802.11, specifying security mechanisms for wireless networks.', 'Best practices for wireless security, including changing default SSID, enabling WPA2, employing MAC address filtering, implementing VPN tunnels, and regularly conducting penetration tests.', 'Suggestions for securing communication channels, such as using IPSec for site-to-site communication and SSH instead of Telnet for administration, along with notes on the disadvantages of Telnet.', 'Insights into various network attacks including DOS, DDoS, teardrop, Ping of Death, send flood, sequence number, Smurf, and DNS poisoning, with detailed descriptions of each attack.']}, {'end': 7550.61, 'start': 7187.719, 'title': 'Network security countermeasures', 'summary': 'Discusses various network security threats such as rootkits, worms, spam, phishing, farming, ip spoofing, arp poisoning, masquerading, and presents countermeasures including access control lists, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, intrusion prevention systems, antivirus software, private addressing, closing unnecessary ports and services, security patches, unified threat management, and gateways.', 'duration': 362.891, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers various network security threats such as rootkits, worms, spam, phishing, farming, IP spoofing, ARP poisoning, masquerading, and presents countermeasures including access control lists, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, intrusion prevention systems, antivirus software, private addressing, closing unnecessary ports and services, security patches, unified threat management, and gateways.', 'Over 90% of all email on the internet is spam, greatly adding to the volume of email traffic.', 'Phishing is a type of spam designed to defraud recipients, often by masquerading as a trustworthy organization, leading them to enter sensitive information.', 'Private addressing not only conserves publicly routable IP addresses but also makes systems with private IP addresses more difficult to attack.', 'Closing unnecessary and unused ports and services on systems and devices is a highly effective method to reduce the probability of successful attacks.', 'All applicable security patches should be installed on servers and network devices as soon as it is practical to do so, contributing to the security of the network.', 'The use of proper countermeasures provides confidentiality, integrity, availability, and authentication for transmissions over private and public communication networks.']}], 'duration': 1520.069, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/n6S5wR-NDyc/pics/n6S5wR-NDyc6030541.jpg', 'highlights': ['IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standards specify speeds up to 54 Mbps and security protocol specifications.', 'Telepresence allows a person to feel as if they were present via telerobotics at a place other than their true location.', 'Remote or virtual meetings are real-time interactions over the Internet using integrated audio and video, chat tools, and application sharing.', 'Instant messaging enables private real-time communication over the Internet.', 'Bluetooth operates in the 2.4 to 2.5 GHz band with FHSS technology, has data rates ranging from 1-3 Mbps, and a maximum communication range of 10 meters.', 'The chapter covers various network security threats such as rootkits, worms, spam, phishing, farming, IP spoofing, ARP poisoning, masquerading, and presents countermeasures including access control lists, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, intrusion prevention systems, antivirus software, private addressing, closing unnecessary ports and services, security patches, unified threat management, and gateways.', 'Wireless technology vulnerability to eavesdropping and war driving, with common exploits finding many wireless networks with WEP disabled and using only the SSID for access control.', 'Best practices for wireless security, including changing default SSID, enabling WPA2, employing MAC address filtering, implementing VPN tunnels, and regularly conducting penetration tests.', 'Over 90% of all email on the internet is spam, greatly adding to the volume of email traffic.', 'Suggestions for securing communication channels, such as using IPSec for site-to-site communication and SSH instead of Telnet for administration, along with notes on the disadvantages of Telnet.']}], 'highlights': ["IPv6 provides 3.403x10^38 addresses, surpassing IPv4's 4.3 billion.", "Ethernet's CSMA-CD supports increasing bandwidth standards (10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1000 Mbps).", 'VLANs create isolated broadcast domains to increase security and reduce broadcast traffic.', 'IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standards specify speeds up to 54 Mbps and security protocol specifications.', 'The OSI reference model describes how data and network information are communicated through a network media, breaking the approach into seven distinct layers.', 'TCP ensures reliable end-to-end communications, while UDP is faster but less reliable.', 'The chapter introduces communications and network security objectives.', 'The domain enables the description of secure network architectures and designs.', 'Recognizing the importance of securing network components is a key objective.', 'Listing different secure communication channels is a crucial aspect of the domain.', 'Identifying common network attacks and countermeasures is a significant focus.', 'The scenario of a recent spam attack on Nutri Worldwide Inc. illustrates the importance of network security.']}