title
Could Hitler have been stopped? | Dan Carlin and Lex Fridman

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Lex Fridman Podcast full episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-k-ztNsBM54 Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get free vitamin D - SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free security camera - Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get free shipping - Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 CONNECT: - Subscribe to this YouTube channel - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

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{'title': 'Could Hitler have been stopped? | Dan Carlin and Lex Fridman', 'heatmap': [], 'summary': 'Explores heroism and patriotism in 1930s nazi germany, the resistance movements such as the white rose movement, and the potential downfall of hitler through scenarios like french intervention during the rhineland remilitarization.', 'chapters': [{'end': 232.224, 'segs': [{'end': 109.332, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3.103, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7.085, 'text': "I've recently almost done with the rise and the fall of the Third Reich.", 'start': 3.103, 'duration': 3.982}, {'end': 16.749, 'text': "It's one of the historical descriptions of Hitler's rise to power, Nazi's rise to power.", 'start': 7.785, 'duration': 8.964}, {'end': 23.912, 'text': "There's a few philosophical things I'd like to ask you to see if you can help.", 'start': 16.769, 'duration': 7.143}, {'end': 34.338, 'text': 'Uh, like one of the things I think about is uh, how does one be a hero in 1930s Nazi Germany?', 'start': 26.073, 'duration': 8.265}, {'end': 37.08, 'text': 'What does it mean to be a hero?', 'start': 34.459, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 40.623, 'text': 'What do heroic actions look like?', 'start': 38.001, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 49.989, 'text': 'I think about that because I think about how I move about in this world today.', 'start': 41.423, 'duration': 8.566}, {'end': 66.122, 'text': "you know? that we live in really chaotic and tense times where I don't think you want to draw any parallels between Nazi Germany and modern day in any of the nations we can think about,", 'start': 49.989, 'duration': 16.133}, {'end': 73.557, 'text': "but it's not out of the realm of possibility that Authoritarian governments take hold.", 'start': 66.122, 'duration': 7.435}, {'end': 76.499, 'text': 'Authoritarian companies take hold.', 'start': 73.577, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 88.608, 'text': "And I'd like to think that I could be in my little small way and inspire others to take the heroic action before things get bad.", 'start': 77.66, 'duration': 10.948}, {'end': 93.291, 'text': 'And I kind of try to place myself in.', 'start': 90.169, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 94.592, 'text': 'what would 1930s Germany look like.', 'start': 93.291, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 101.088, 'text': 'is it possible to stop a hitler?', 'start': 97.446, 'duration': 3.642}, {'end': 107.951, 'text': 'is it even the right way to think about it, and how does one be a hero in it?', 'start': 101.088, 'duration': 6.863}, {'end': 109.332, 'text': 'i mean you often talk about that.', 'start': 107.951, 'duration': 1.381}], 'summary': 'Exploring the concept of heroism in the context of 1930s nazi germany and its relevance to modern times.', 'duration': 106.229, 'max_score': 3.103, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lpWvz0dR3wc/pics/lpWvz0dR3wc3103.jpg'}, {'end': 197.97, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 138.8, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 147.766, 'text': "On the United States side, inside Germany, like the opposing figures, the German military didn't seem to understand this, maybe.", 'start': 138.8, 'duration': 8.966}, {'end': 153.309, 'text': "The other countries, certainly France and England didn't seem to understand this.", 'start': 147.786, 'duration': 5.523}, {'end': 161.534, 'text': "So I kind of tried to put myself into 1930s Germany as I'm Jewish, which is another little twist on the whole.", 'start': 153.949, 'duration': 7.585}, {'end': 164.496, 'text': 'Like what would I do??', 'start': 163.275, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 165.477, 'text': 'What should one do??', 'start': 164.636, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 169.815, 'text': 'Do you have interesting answers?', 'start': 168.014, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 176.18, 'text': 'So, earlier we had talked about Putin and we had talked about patriotism and love of country and those sorts of things.', 'start': 170.896, 'duration': 5.284}, {'end': 182.42, 'text': 'in order to be a hero in nazi germany.', 'start': 177.156, 'duration': 5.264}, {'end': 192.927, 'text': "by our views here, you would have had to have been anti-patriotic to the average german's viewpoint in the 1930s.", 'start': 182.42, 'duration': 10.507}, {'end': 197.97, 'text': 'right. you would have to have opposed your own government and your own country,', 'start': 192.927, 'duration': 5.043}], 'summary': 'Discussion about patriotism and opposition to government in 1930s germany as a jewish person.', 'duration': 59.17, 'max_score': 138.8, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lpWvz0dR3wc/pics/lpWvz0dR3wc138800.jpg'}], 'start': 3.103, 'title': 'Heroism and patriotism in nazi germany', 'summary': 'Delves into the concept of heroism in 1930s nazi germany, exploring its relevance to modern times and the potential for inspiring heroic actions. it also discusses the challenges of understanding historical events and the complexities of patriotism, emphasizing the lack of awareness of impending war and conflicting perspectives on patriotism in nazi germany.', 'chapters': [{'end': 109.332, 'start': 3.103, 'title': 'Heroism in 1930s nazi germany', 'summary': 'Explores the concept of heroism in 1930s nazi germany and its relevance to modern times, examining the potential for inspiring heroic actions in the face of authoritarianism and chaos.', 'duration': 106.229, 'highlights': ['The chapter delves into the philosophical question of heroism in 1930s Nazi Germany and its relevance to the present day, contemplating the potential for inspiring heroic actions in chaotic and tense times.', 'The discussion centers around the possibility of stopping a figure like Hitler and the concept of heroism in such a context, prompting introspection about inspiring others to take heroic actions before things worsen.', "Exploring the nature of heroic actions in a totalitarian regime, the conversation reflects on the individual's role in inspiring others to stand against authoritarian governments or companies, drawing parallels to the potential rise of such regimes in the modern world."]}, {'end': 232.224, 'start': 109.332, 'title': 'Understanding history and patriotism', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges of understanding historical events and the complexities of patriotism, highlighting the lack of awareness of impending war in the 1930s and the conflicting perspectives on patriotism in nazi germany.', 'duration': 122.892, 'highlights': ['The lack of awareness of the impending war in the 1930s, as evident in the perspectives of various countries, including the United States, Germany, France, and England.', "The conflicting views on patriotism in Nazi Germany, where being a hero would have required opposing one's own government and policies, presenting a complex and challenging situation for the people.", 'The thought-provoking reflection on the challenges and moral dilemmas faced by individuals, such as being Jewish in 1930s Germany and contemplating actions in the face of impending war.']}], 'duration': 229.121, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lpWvz0dR3wc/pics/lpWvz0dR3wc3103.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter delves into the philosophical question of heroism in 1930s Nazi Germany and its relevance to the present day, contemplating the potential for inspiring heroic actions in chaotic and tense times.', "Exploring the nature of heroic actions in a totalitarian regime, the conversation reflects on the individual's role in inspiring others to stand against authoritarian governments or companies, drawing parallels to the potential rise of such regimes in the modern world.", 'The lack of awareness of the impending war in the 1930s, as evident in the perspectives of various countries, including the United States, Germany, France, and England.', "The conflicting views on patriotism in Nazi Germany, where being a hero would have required opposing one's own government and policies, presenting a complex and challenging situation for the people.", 'The thought-provoking reflection on the challenges and moral dilemmas faced by individuals, such as being Jewish in 1930s Germany and contemplating actions in the face of impending war.', 'The discussion centers around the possibility of stopping a figure like Hitler and the concept of heroism in such a context, prompting introspection about inspiring others to take heroic actions before things worsen.']}, {'end': 713.829, 'segs': [{'end': 272.386, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 232.224, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 237.919, 'text': 'um, I will go away from the 1930s and go to the 1940s to answer your question.', 'start': 232.224, 'duration': 5.695}, {'end': 247.376, 'text': 'So there is movements like the White Rose Movement in Germany, which involved young people really and from various backgrounds,', 'start': 237.959, 'duration': 9.417}, {'end': 256.26, 'text': 'religious backgrounds often, who worked openly against the Nazi government at a time when power was already consolidated.', 'start': 247.376, 'duration': 8.884}, {'end': 260.922, 'text': 'the Gestapo was in full force, and they execute people who are against the government.', 'start': 256.26, 'duration': 4.662}, {'end': 268.325, 'text': 'And these young people would go out and distribute pamphlets, and many of them got their heads cut off with guillotines for their trouble.', 'start': 261.281, 'duration': 7.044}, {'end': 272.386, 'text': 'and they knew that that was going to be the penalty.', 'start': 269.145, 'duration': 3.241}], 'summary': 'In the 1940s, the white rose movement in germany openly opposed the nazi government, leading to executions by the gestapo.', 'duration': 40.162, 'max_score': 232.224, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lpWvz0dR3wc/pics/lpWvz0dR3wc232224.jpg'}, {'end': 325.193, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 293.613, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 300.154, 'text': 'there are people in the german military who opposed and worked against Hitler, for example.', 'start': 293.613, 'duration': 6.541}, {'end': 309.783, 'text': "But to me that's almost cowardly compared to what these young people did in the White Rose Movement, because those people in the Wehrmacht,", 'start': 301.014, 'duration': 8.769}, {'end': 316.19, 'text': "for example, who were secretly trying to undermine Hitler, they're not really putting their lives on the line to the same degree.", 'start': 309.783, 'duration': 6.407}, {'end': 325.193, 'text': 'And so I think, when I look at heroes and listen, I remember once saying there were no conscientious objectors in Germany,', 'start': 317.75, 'duration': 7.443}], 'summary': "Some opposed hitler in german military, but white rose movement's young people risked more", 'duration': 31.58, 'max_score': 293.613, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lpWvz0dR3wc/pics/lpWvz0dR3wc293613.jpg'}, {'end': 423.47, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 394.071, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 410.738, 'text': "It's the power of the state to so propagandize values and morality in a way that favors the state that you can turn people who today we look at as unbelievably brave and moral and crusading for righteousness,", 'start': 394.071, 'duration': 16.667}, {'end': 412.819, 'text': 'and turn them into enemies of the people.', 'start': 410.738, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 416.743, 'text': 'So, I mean, in my mind, it would be people like that.', 'start': 414.66, 'duration': 2.083}, {'end': 421.728, 'text': 'See, I think, so hero is a funny word.', 'start': 417.323, 'duration': 4.405}, {'end': 423.47, 'text': 'We romanticize the notion.', 'start': 422.088, 'duration': 1.382}], 'summary': 'State propaganda can turn brave crusaders into enemies; heroism is romanticized.', 'duration': 29.399, 'max_score': 394.071, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lpWvz0dR3wc/pics/lpWvz0dR3wc394071.jpg'}, {'end': 521.591, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 494.861, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 506.926, 'text': "I would suggest that we need to take into account the context of the times that led to Hitler's rise of power and created the conditions where his message resonated.", 'start': 494.861, 'duration': 12.065}, {'end': 510.927, 'text': 'That is not a message that resonates at all times, right?', 'start': 507.766, 'duration': 3.161}, {'end': 521.591, 'text': 'It is impossible to understand the rise of Hitler without dealing with the First World War and the aftermath of the First World War and the inflationary,', 'start': 512.528, 'duration': 9.063}], 'summary': "Understanding hitler's rise requires considering the context of the times including the aftermath of the first world war and inflationary conditions.", 'duration': 26.73, 'max_score': 494.861, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lpWvz0dR3wc/pics/lpWvz0dR3wc494861.jpg'}], 'start': 232.224, 'title': 'Resistance in nazi germany', 'summary': "Delves into the white rose movement's brave opposition to the nazi government, highlighting their diverse backgrounds and the risks they faced, while contrasting it with the actions of the german military. it also explores the socio-political context of hitler's rise to power.", 'chapters': [{'end': 272.386, 'start': 232.224, 'title': 'Resistance movements in 1940s', 'summary': 'Discusses the white rose movement in germany, where young people from diverse backgrounds openly opposed the nazi government, distributing pamphlets despite the risk of execution by the gestapo.', 'duration': 40.162, 'highlights': ['The White Rose Movement involved young people from diverse backgrounds openly opposing the Nazi government, distributing pamphlets despite the risk of execution by the Gestapo.', 'Many members of the White Rose Movement were executed, with some getting their heads cut off with guillotines for their resistance.', "The movement's defiance took place in a time of consolidated power, with the Gestapo in full force."]}, {'end': 713.829, 'start': 272.386, 'title': 'The white rose movement and heroes in nazi germany', 'summary': "Discusses the remarkable bravery and sacrifice of the white rose movement in nazi germany, contrasting it with the actions of the german military against hitler, and explores the socio-political context that led to hitler's rise to power.", 'duration': 441.443, 'highlights': ["The White Rose Movement's remarkable bravery and sacrifice far exceeds the actions of the German military against Hitler, as they put their lives and their families at risk. The White Rose Movement's actions are portrayed as remarkably brave and sacrificial, far surpassing the actions of the German military against Hitler.", "The socio-political context, including economic suffering, dissatisfaction with the Weimar Republic's government, and the lack of appealing options, created conditions that facilitated Hitler's rise to power. The socio-political context, including economic suffering, dissatisfaction with the Weimar Republic's government, and the lack of appealing options, facilitated Hitler's rise to power.", "The power of the state to manipulate values and morality is evident in how individuals seen as brave and moral were turned into enemies of the people by state propaganda. State propaganda's ability to manipulate values and morality is highlighted by the transformation of brave and moral individuals into enemies of the people."]}], 'duration': 481.605, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lpWvz0dR3wc/pics/lpWvz0dR3wc232224.jpg', 'highlights': ['The White Rose Movement involved diverse young people openly opposing the Nazi government, risking execution by the Gestapo.', 'Members of the White Rose Movement were executed, some by guillotine, in a time of consolidated power with the Gestapo in full force.', "The movement's defiance took place in a time of consolidated power, with the Gestapo in full force.", "The White Rose Movement's bravery and sacrifice far exceeds the actions of the German military against Hitler, putting their lives and families at risk.", "The socio-political context, including economic suffering and dissatisfaction with the Weimar Republic's government, facilitated Hitler's rise to power.", "State propaganda's ability to manipulate values and morality is highlighted by the transformation of brave and moral individuals into enemies of the people."]}, {'end': 1020.253, 'segs': [{'end': 753.899, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 713.829, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 723.701, 'text': "your enemies and all these sorts of things were absolutely deluged and overwhelmed and drowned out by the bitterness, the hatred and, let's be honest,", 'start': 713.829, 'duration': 9.872}, {'end': 727.744, 'text': 'the sense that you were continually being abused by your former enemies.', 'start': 723.701, 'duration': 4.043}, {'end': 733.647, 'text': "There were a lot of people in the Allied side that realized this and said, we're setting up the next war.", 'start': 728.204, 'duration': 5.443}, {'end': 742.912, 'text': 'I mean they understood that you can only do certain things to collective human populations for a certain period of time before it is natural for them to want to.', 'start': 733.667, 'duration': 9.245}, {'end': 747.075, 'text': 'And you can see German posters from the region, Nazi propaganda posters.', 'start': 743.113, 'duration': 3.962}, {'end': 751.558, 'text': 'that show them breaking off the chains of their enemies, and i mean germany awake, right?', 'start': 747.435, 'duration': 4.123}, {'end': 753.899, 'text': 'that was the, the great um slogan.', 'start': 751.558, 'duration': 2.341}], 'summary': 'Post-war bitterness led to a fear of setting up the next war, as evidenced by german propaganda posters.', 'duration': 40.07, 'max_score': 713.829, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lpWvz0dR3wc/pics/lpWvz0dR3wc713829.jpg'}, {'end': 893.03, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 869.239, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 876.483, 'text': "But I do think that had the French responded militarily to Hitler's initial moves into that area, that he would have been thwarted.", 'start': 869.239, 'duration': 7.244}, {'end': 882.726, 'text': "And I think he himself believed, if I'm remembering my reading, that this would have led to his downfall.", 'start': 876.703, 'duration': 6.023}, {'end': 885.027, 'text': 'so the potential see.', 'start': 883.286, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 893.03, 'text': "what i don't like about this is that it almost legitimizes military intervention at a very early stage to prevent worse things from happening.", 'start': 885.027, 'duration': 8.003}], 'summary': 'French military response to hitler could have thwarted him, potentially leading to his downfall.', 'duration': 23.791, 'max_score': 869.239, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lpWvz0dR3wc/pics/lpWvz0dR3wc869239.jpg'}, {'end': 1020.253, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 999.619, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1002.06, 'text': 'I mean, Hitler arose in 1913.', 'start': 999.619, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 1003.02, 'text': "He doesn't get anywhere.", 'start': 1002.06, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 1010.405, 'text': "Because Germany's institutional power is enough to simply quash that.", 'start': 1005.421, 'duration': 4.984}, {'end': 1018.692, 'text': "It's the fact that Germany was unstable anyway that prevented a united front that would have kept radicalism from getting out of hand.", 'start': 1010.865, 'duration': 7.827}, {'end': 1020.253, 'text': 'Does that make sense? Yes, absolutely.', 'start': 1018.712, 'duration': 1.541}], 'summary': "Germany's institutional power prevented hitler from rising in 1913.", 'duration': 20.634, 'max_score': 999.619, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lpWvz0dR3wc/pics/lpWvz0dR3wc999619.jpg'}], 'start': 713.829, 'title': "Post-war bitterness, conflict & hitler's downfall", 'summary': 'Delves into the post-war bitterness and its potential consequences for future conflicts, along with exploring the potential downfall of hitler through scenarios like french intervention during the rhineland remilitarization and historical influences on his rise to power.', 'chapters': [{'end': 753.899, 'start': 713.829, 'title': 'Post-war bitterness and future conflict', 'summary': 'Discusses how post-war bitterness and hatred led to a sense of abuse by former enemies, potentially setting the stage for future conflicts, as seen in the realization of some allied individuals and nazi propaganda posters.', 'duration': 40.07, 'highlights': ['The bitterness and hatred after the war overwhelmed the sense of being abused by former enemies, potentially setting up the next war.', 'Allied individuals recognized the consequences of mistreating collective human populations, leading to a realization of setting up the next war.', 'Nazi propaganda posters depicted the breaking off of chains by Germany, suggesting a resurgence and potential future conflict.']}, {'end': 1020.253, 'start': 753.899, 'title': "Hitler's potential downfall", 'summary': "Discusses the potential ways hitler could have been stopped, including military intervention by the french when he remilitarized the rhineland, and the influence of historical trends and forces on hitler's rise to power.", 'duration': 266.354, 'highlights': ["The French military intervention when Hitler remilitarized the Rhineland could have thwarted Hitler's plans and potentially led to his downfall, as he was in no position to respond to force at the time.", "Hitler's rise to power was influenced by the historical context and trends of the time, making it uncertain whether removing him from the equation would have prevented equally bad situations or another charismatic leader from emerging.", "The institutional instability of Germany in the 1930s and 40s allowed radicalism to flourish, and a more stable Germany could have prevented Hitler's rise to power, as seen in other periods of German history."]}], 'duration': 306.424, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lpWvz0dR3wc/pics/lpWvz0dR3wc713829.jpg', 'highlights': ['The bitterness and hatred after the war potentially set up the next war.', 'Nazi propaganda suggested a resurgence and potential future conflict.', 'Allied recognition of mistreating human populations led to a realization of setting up the next war.', "French military intervention in the Rhineland could have thwarted Hitler's plans and led to his downfall.", "Hitler's rise to power was influenced by historical context and trends, making it uncertain whether removing him would have prevented equally bad situations.", 'Institutional instability of Germany in the 1930s allowed radicalism to flourish.']}], 'highlights': ["French military intervention in the Rhineland could have thwarted Hitler's plans and led to his downfall.", 'The lack of awareness of the impending war in the 1930s, as evident in the perspectives of various countries, including the United States, Germany, France, and England.', 'The White Rose Movement involved diverse young people openly opposing the Nazi government, risking execution by the Gestapo.', "The movement's defiance took place in a time of consolidated power, with the Gestapo in full force.", "The White Rose Movement's bravery and sacrifice far exceeds the actions of the German military against Hitler, putting their lives and families at risk.", 'The chapter delves into the philosophical question of heroism in 1930s Nazi Germany and its relevance to the present day, contemplating the potential for inspiring heroic actions in chaotic and tense times.', 'The discussion centers around the possibility of stopping a figure like Hitler and the concept of heroism in such a context, prompting introspection about inspiring others to take heroic actions before things worsen.', "The socio-political context, including economic suffering and dissatisfaction with the Weimar Republic's government, facilitated Hitler's rise to power.", "State propaganda's ability to manipulate values and morality is highlighted by the transformation of brave and moral individuals into enemies of the people.", 'Institutional instability of Germany in the 1930s allowed radicalism to flourish.']}