title
Python Tutorial for Beginners | Learn Python for Beginners - 2024 | Python Training | Edureka

description
🔥 Edureka Python Certification Training: https://www.edureka.co/python-programming-certification-training This Edureka video on 'Python tutorial for beginners' will help you understand all the concepts you need to know in order to learn Python Programming. Here are the topics that are covered in this Python Tutorial for Beginners: 2:07 Introduction to Python 8:20 Python Installation 9:25 Anaconda Installation 11:14 Naming Conventions in Python 11:51 Python Variables 16:29 Python Data Types 21:31 Python Flow Control 45:21 Python Functions 57:26 Python Data Structures 1:16:04 Algorithms in Python 1:54:01 OOPs in Python Python Tutorial Playlist: https://goo.gl/WsBpKe Python Blog Series: http://bit.ly/2sqmP4s #Edureka #PythonEdureka #PythonTutorialforbeginners #pythonProgramming #pythonTutorial #PythonTraining Do subscribe to our channel and hit the bell icon to never miss an update from us in the future: https://goo.gl/6ohpTV PG in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning with NIT Warangal : https://www.edureka.co/post-graduate/machine-learning-and-ai Post Graduate Certification in Data Science with IIT Guwahati - https://www.edureka.co/post-graduate/data-science-program (450+ Hrs || 9 Months || 20+ Projects & 100+ Case studies) Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- How it Works? 1. This is a 5 Week Instructor-led Online Course,40 hours of assignment and 20 hours of project work 2. We have a 24x7 One-on-One LIVE Technical Support to help you with any problems you might face or any clarifications you may require during the course. 3. At the end of the training, you will be working on a real-time project for which we will provide you a Grade and a Verifiable Certificate! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - About the Course Edureka's Python Online Certification Training will make you an expert in Python programming. It will also help you learn Python the Big data way with integration of Machine learning, Pig, Hive and Web Scraping through beautiful soup. During our Python Certification training, our instructors will help you: 1. Master the Basic and Advanced Concepts of Python 2. Understand Python Scripts on UNIX/Windows, Python Editors and IDEs 3. Master the Concepts of Sequences and File operations 4. Learn how to use and create functions, sorting different elements, Lambda function, error handling techniques and Regular expressions ans using modules in Python 5. Gain expertise in machine learning using Python and build a Real Life Machine Learning application 6. Understand the supervised and unsupervised learning and concepts of Scikit-Learn 7. Master the concepts of MapReduce in Hadoop 8. Learn to write Complex MapReduce programs 9. Understand what is PIG and HIVE, Streaming feature in Hadoop, MapReduce job running with Python 10. Implementing a PIG UDF in Python, Writing a HIVE UDF in Python, Pydoop and/Or MRjob Basics 11. Master the concepts of Web scraping in Python 12. Work on a Real Life Project on Big Data Analytics using Python and gain Hands on Project Experience - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Why learn Python? Programmers love Python because of how fast and easy it is to use. Python cuts development time in half with its simple to read syntax and easy compilation feature. Debugging your programs is a breeze in Python with its built in debugger. Using Python makes Programmers more productive and their programs ultimately better. Python continues to be a favorite option for data scientists who use it for building and using Machine learning applications and other scientific computations. Python runs on Windows, Linux/Unix, Mac OS and has been ported to Java and .NET virtual machines. Python is free to use, even for the commercial products, because of its OSI-approved open source license. Python has evolved as the most preferred Language for Data Analytics and the increasing search trends on python also indicates that Python is the next "Big Thing" and a must for Professionals in the Data Analytics domain. Who should go for python? Edureka’s Data Science certification course in Python is a good fit for the below professionals: · Programmers, Developers, Technical Leads, Architects · Developers aspiring to be a ‘Machine Learning Engineer' · Analytics Managers who are leading a team of analysts · Business Analysts who want to understand Machine Learning (ML) Techniques · Information Architects who want to gain expertise in Predictive Analytics · 'Python' professionals who want to design automatic predictive models For more information, Please write back to us at sales@edureka.in or call us at IND: 9606058406 / US: 18338555775 (toll free)

detail
{'title': 'Python Tutorial for Beginners | Learn Python for Beginners - 2024 | Python Training | Edureka', 'heatmap': [{'end': 812.539, 'start': 628.094, 'weight': 0.87}, {'end': 1088.255, 'start': 899.15, 'weight': 0.741}, {'end': 1348.688, 'start': 1255.358, 'weight': 0.793}, {'end': 2705.436, 'start': 2429.313, 'weight': 0.755}, {'end': 4499.757, 'start': 4310.511, 'weight': 0.746}], 'summary': "This python tutorial for beginners covers python's revolution, installation, variables, flow control, loop control, functions, data structures, algorithms, sorting, searching, and object-oriented programming, providing insights into python's trends, installation, and usage, with practical examples and code demonstrations, geared towards 2024. it includes explanations and examples of python's data types, data structures, and algorithms, as well as sorting and searching algorithms, and object-oriented programming concepts.", 'chapters': [{'end': 662.865, 'segs': [{'end': 93.861, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 64.012, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 67.013, 'text': "By the way, if you see a python just walk away and don't mess with it.", 'start': 64.012, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 68.823, 'text': 'Okay, so jokes apart.', 'start': 67.742, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 72.025, 'text': "Let's take a quick look at what's in store for you guys in this session.", 'start': 69.183, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 78.45, 'text': 'We shall begin this discussion with a small introduction to the python programming language, covering its birth history,', 'start': 72.726, 'duration': 5.724}, {'end': 82.793, 'text': 'major projects that use python, reasons for its popularity features Etc.', 'start': 78.45, 'duration': 4.343}, {'end': 89.157, 'text': "Then we shall move on to see how to install python and the anaconda platform once we're done with the installation.", 'start': 83.453, 'duration': 5.704}, {'end': 93.861, 'text': 'We shall talk about the aspects such as naming conventions variables and data types in python.', 'start': 89.478, 'duration': 4.383}], 'summary': 'Introduction to python programming, installation, and basics covered in this session.', 'duration': 29.849, 'max_score': 64.012, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW064012.jpg'}, {'end': 232.215, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 205.405, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 210.667, 'text': 'Not just the Google search engine, but Google developers of YouTube also rely heavily on python,', 'start': 205.405, 'duration': 5.262}, {'end': 214.228, 'text': 'because python is used in almost every bit of YouTube.', 'start': 210.667, 'duration': 3.561}, {'end': 221.871, 'text': 'Dropbox Dropbox, as many of us know, is a file hosting service that allows file storage, synchronization, cloud Etc.', 'start': 214.228, 'duration': 7.643}, {'end': 227.093, 'text': 'This award-winning application runs on python in its backend, Cora.', 'start': 222.571, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 232.215, 'text': 'this website has answers to all your questions, and the developers of Cora actually rely on python.', 'start': 227.093, 'duration': 5.122}], 'summary': "Python is integral to google's youtube and dropbox's backend, powering essential functions and services.", 'duration': 26.81, 'max_score': 205.405, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW0205405.jpg'}, {'end': 308.966, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 282.702, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 290.245, 'text': 'python provides a huge number of libraries that are great for machine learning, data science, scientific experimentation, data visualizations, Etc.', 'start': 282.702, 'duration': 7.543}, {'end': 295.219, 'text': 'These libraries come with huge package of functions that can be used by the programmers.', 'start': 291.337, 'duration': 3.882}, {'end': 299.841, 'text': 'Also, they come with documentations that are very convincing big data.', 'start': 295.759, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 304.824, 'text': 'One of the biggest reasons for python success is its big data and cloud.', 'start': 300.302, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 308.966, 'text': 'python is one of the best data science language that companies look out for.', 'start': 304.824, 'duration': 4.142}], 'summary': 'Python offers numerous libraries for data science, machine learning, and data visualization, with extensive documentation, contributing to its success in big data and cloud, making it a preferred language for companies.', 'duration': 26.264, 'max_score': 282.702, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW0282702.jpg'}, {'end': 352.337, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 326.14, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 333.263, 'text': 'accessibility Python is one of the most accessible languages, thereby helping any newbie to learn and master it.', 'start': 326.14, 'duration': 7.123}, {'end': 336.604, 'text': 'learners can access and execute Python without any difficulties.', 'start': 333.263, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 339.905, 'text': "So those are some of the reasons for Python's popularity.", 'start': 337.424, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 342.966, 'text': "Now, let's move on and take a look at the features of Python.", 'start': 340.625, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 345.933, 'text': 'Python has a huge set of incredible features.', 'start': 343.692, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 352.337, 'text': 'It is an interpreted language meaning that the instructions are executed directly without being compiled previously.', 'start': 346.654, 'duration': 5.683}], 'summary': 'Python is popular due to its accessibility and features, such as interpreted nature.', 'duration': 26.197, 'max_score': 326.14, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW0326140.jpg'}, {'end': 437.914, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 407.169, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 411.617, 'text': 'Not just that Python developers are also among the highest paid professionals all over the world.', 'start': 407.169, 'duration': 4.448}, {'end': 418.024, 'text': 'However, the salaries may vary depending on factors such as experience location skill set Etc.', 'start': 412.381, 'duration': 5.643}, {'end': 426.028, 'text': 'On an average, an entry-level python developer earns about 5 lakh INR in India and about 88 K in the US per year,', 'start': 418.664, 'duration': 7.364}, {'end': 430.331, 'text': 'according to a survey carried out by pay scale till June 2019..', 'start': 426.028, 'duration': 4.303}, {'end': 437.914, 'text': 'Also salaries of python developers vary geographically in the US the best location for a python developer seems to be California.', 'start': 430.331, 'duration': 7.583}], 'summary': 'Python developers are highly paid, with entry-level salaries averaging 5 lakh inr in india and 88k in the us, varying by location and experience.', 'duration': 30.745, 'max_score': 407.169, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW0407169.jpg'}, {'end': 503.189, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 471.53, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 477.455, 'text': 'Python is compared to C++ is better in terms of code readability the syntax the scope of variables Etc.', 'start': 471.53, 'duration': 5.925}, {'end': 483.62, 'text': 'Python leads are in areas such as code readability job Trends popularity Etc.', 'start': 478.496, 'duration': 5.124}, {'end': 486.602, 'text': "So now that you're aware of Python and its importance.", 'start': 484.36, 'duration': 2.242}, {'end': 489.744, 'text': "Let's move on and see how to install this on your systems.", 'start': 487.082, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 494.808, 'text': 'Python can be obtained from the python software Foundation website at python.org.', 'start': 490.665, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 503.189, 'text': 'Typically that involves downloading the appropriate installer for your operating system and running it on your machine now to do that.', 'start': 496.064, 'duration': 7.125}], 'summary': 'Python is better than c++ in terms of code readability, job trends, and popularity. it can be obtained from the python software foundation website at python.org.', 'duration': 31.659, 'max_score': 471.53, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW0471530.jpg'}], 'start': 11.621, 'title': 'Python: revolution and trends', 'summary': 'Explores the transformation of python into a technology revolution, highlighting its efficiency, ease of learning, and applications. it also provides an overview of python, including job and salary trends, installation process, and comparisons with other languages.', 'chapters': [{'end': 118.192, 'start': 11.621, 'title': 'Pythonization: the language revolution', 'summary': 'Explores the transformation of python from being feared in the past to revolutionizing the technology world today, by highlighting its efficiency with code, ease of learning, and a comprehensive tutorial on the language and its applications.', 'duration': 106.571, 'highlights': ['Python code can be up to 10 times shorter than that of other languages such as C, C++, and Java, making it more efficient. (Quantifiable data: 10 times shorter code)', 'Python can be learned by just anyone, emphasizing its accessibility and ease of learning. (Key point: accessibility, ease of learning)', 'The tutorial provides comprehensive learning on Python, covering its birth history, major projects, installation process, naming conventions, data types, flow control, functions, data structures, algorithms, OOPs, and file handling, highlighting the extensive coverage of Python. (Key points: comprehensive coverage, various topics)']}, {'end': 662.865, 'start': 118.832, 'title': 'Python overview and job trends', 'summary': 'Provides an overview of python, including its history, key projects, popularity reasons, features, job trends, and salary trends, along with a comparison with other languages. it also outlines the process of installing python and anaconda, emphasizing the significance of ides, particularly jupyter, for python development.', 'duration': 544.033, 'highlights': ["Python's popularity is evident from its active community, extensive libraries for machine learning and data science, versatility, and accessibility, making it the top choice for big data and cloud applications. Python's popularity is attributed to its healthy active community, extensive libraries for machine learning and data science, versatility, and accessibility, making it the top choice for big data and cloud applications.", 'Key projects such as Google, YouTube, Dropbox, Instagram, and BitTorrent rely heavily on Python, showcasing its widespread adoption and impact in various domains. Key projects such as Google, YouTube, Dropbox, Instagram, and BitTorrent rely heavily on Python, showcasing its widespread adoption and impact in various domains.', "Python's job trends and salary statistics reveal its demand across various domains, with Python developers being among the highest-paid professionals globally, with average entry-level salaries of approximately 5 lakh INR in India and 88 K in the US per year as of June 2019. Python's job trends and salary statistics reveal its demand across various domains, with Python developers being among the highest-paid professionals globally, with average entry-level salaries of approximately 5 lakh INR in India and 88 K in the US per year as of June 2019.", "Python's features such as being an interpreted language, cross-platform compatibility, integration with other languages, and being free and open-source contribute to its appeal and versatility as a programming language. Python's features such as being an interpreted language, cross-platform compatibility, integration with other languages, and being free and open-source contribute to its appeal and versatility as a programming language.", 'The comparison of Python with other languages like Java, C++, and R highlights its advantages in terms of code readability, syntax, and job trends, positioning it as a favorable choice for developers. The comparison of Python with other languages like Java, C++, and R highlights its advantages in terms of code readability, syntax, and job trends, positioning it as a favorable choice for developers.', 'The process of installing Python and Anaconda, along with the significance of IDEs, particularly Jupyter, for Python development, is outlined, providing a comprehensive guide for setting up the development environment. The process of installing Python and Anaconda, along with the significance of IDEs, particularly Jupyter, for Python development, is outlined, providing a comprehensive guide for setting up the development environment.']}], 'duration': 651.244, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW011621.jpg', 'highlights': ['Python developers are among the highest-paid professionals globally, with average entry-level salaries of approximately 5 lakh INR in India and 88 K in the US per year as of June 2019.', 'Python code can be up to 10 times shorter than that of other languages such as C, C++, and Java, making it more efficient.', "Python's popularity is evident from its active community, extensive libraries for machine learning and data science, versatility, and accessibility, making it the top choice for big data and cloud applications.", 'Key projects such as Google, YouTube, Dropbox, Instagram, and BitTorrent rely heavily on Python, showcasing its widespread adoption and impact in various domains.', 'The tutorial provides comprehensive learning on Python, covering its birth history, major projects, installation process, naming conventions, data types, flow control, functions, data structures, algorithms, OOPs, and file handling, highlighting the extensive coverage of Python.', "Python's features such as being an interpreted language, cross-platform compatibility, integration with other languages, and being free and open-source contribute to its appeal and versatility as a programming language."]}, {'end': 1280.259, 'segs': [{'end': 701.198, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 663.145, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 667.349, 'text': "I'd like to advise you guys to download python 3.7 version as python 2.7 has no support anymore.", 'start': 663.145, 'duration': 4.204}, {'end': 672.311, 'text': 'So that was all about the installation.', 'start': 669.87, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 675.071, 'text': 'now moving on towards the naming conventions.', 'start': 672.311, 'duration': 2.76}, {'end': 678.472, 'text': "python's naming conventions outline the scheme for naming.", 'start': 675.071, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 685.434, 'text': 'some of these are giving lowercase names to methods instance variables, global variables, packages, modules, Etc.', 'start': 678.472, 'duration': 6.962}, {'end': 692.716, 'text': 'Class names should have the first letter in uppercase followed by lowercase letters constants should be completely capitalized.', 'start': 686.174, 'duration': 6.542}, {'end': 697.337, 'text': "If a name contains two words, it's good to separate those words by an underscore.", 'start': 693.536, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 701.198, 'text': 'a single underscore before a name means non-public,', 'start': 698.217, 'duration': 2.981}], 'summary': 'Python 3.7 recommended; naming conventions for methods, variables, classes explained.', 'duration': 38.053, 'max_score': 663.145, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW0663145.jpg'}, {'end': 750.545, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 721.024, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 725.085, 'text': 'the value that you have stored may change in future according to the specifications.', 'start': 721.024, 'duration': 4.061}, {'end': 729.38, 'text': 'Variables in Python can be created as soon as a value is assigned to it.', 'start': 725.879, 'duration': 3.501}, {'end': 733.581, 'text': 'It does not need any additional commands to declare a variable in Python.', 'start': 730.08, 'duration': 3.501}, {'end': 742.143, 'text': "So now let's move on and take a look at the variable definition and declaration to understand how we declare a variable in Python to do that.", 'start': 734.321, 'duration': 7.822}, {'end': 743.583, 'text': "I'll jump onto my Jupiter notebook.", 'start': 742.243, 'duration': 1.34}, {'end': 750.545, 'text': 'So as mentioned earlier Python has no additional commands to declare a variable as soon as a value is assigned to it.', 'start': 744.524, 'duration': 6.021}], 'summary': 'Python variables are declared as soon as a value is assigned, with no additional commands needed.', 'duration': 29.521, 'max_score': 721.024, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW0721024.jpg'}, {'end': 1091.157, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 884.131, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 888.154, 'text': "Now, I've read declared X with a new value and the new value has been printed.", 'start': 884.131, 'duration': 4.023}, {'end': 891.276, 'text': 'You can either have global or local variables.', 'start': 888.995, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 898.341, 'text': 'global variables are visible throughout the program, but local variables are confined to the class or the function to which they belong.', 'start': 891.276, 'duration': 7.065}, {'end': 905.991, 'text': "So taking examples of both of these I'll just take a variable over here say C and I'll assign a value to this as hello world.", 'start': 899.15, 'duration': 6.841}, {'end': 911.913, 'text': "Now, I'll create a function over here.", 'start': 910.612, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 913.913, 'text': "I'll just call it as funk.", 'start': 912.933, 'duration': 0.98}, {'end': 919.674, 'text': "However, I'll be discussing our functions later on in the session.", 'start': 916.413, 'duration': 3.261}, {'end': 928.616, 'text': "So within this function what I'm going to do is I'll take the same variable C and I'll assign a different value to this.", 'start': 920.294, 'duration': 8.322}, {'end': 931.101, 'text': 'Say for example at Eureka.', 'start': 929.781, 'duration': 1.32}, {'end': 934.323, 'text': "Now, I'm going to run the function.", 'start': 932.642, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 936.503, 'text': 'I just created as well as print the value of C.', 'start': 934.343, 'duration': 2.16}, {'end': 942.946, 'text': "So I'll just call the function and then I'll say print C.", 'start': 936.503, 'duration': 6.443}, {'end': 943.826, 'text': 'Just a moment guys.', 'start': 942.946, 'duration': 0.88}, {'end': 947.667, 'text': 'I forgot to print the value of the local variable C.', 'start': 944.026, 'duration': 3.641}, {'end': 952.129, 'text': "So for that I'll just say print C and now I'll run this again.", 'start': 947.667, 'duration': 4.462}, {'end': 956.983, 'text': 'So as you can see over here the local variable C has returned edureka.', 'start': 953.26, 'duration': 3.723}, {'end': 960.585, 'text': 'Whereas the global variable C has returned hello world.', 'start': 957.423, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 968.832, 'text': "Also, if you can notice over here, I've declared the value of C right in the beginning and then printed it right at the end of this program.", 'start': 961.526, 'duration': 7.306}, {'end': 973.695, 'text': 'This is because global variables are visible throughout the program.', 'start': 969.472, 'duration': 4.223}, {'end': 979.84, 'text': 'in case I remove this print statement from here and just call the function, then the global variable value will not be printed.', 'start': 973.695, 'duration': 6.145}, {'end': 987.702, 'text': 'So as you can see over here only the local variables value has been printed and this local variable is not visible outside the function.', 'start': 980.638, 'duration': 7.064}, {'end': 990.544, 'text': 'So I hope you guys are clear with variables in Python.', 'start': 988.422, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 994.946, 'text': "So now let's move on towards the next topic, which is data types in Python.", 'start': 991.224, 'duration': 3.722}, {'end': 1002.771, 'text': "So, before we actually talk about data types in Python, let's discuss about the difference between data types and data structures.", 'start': 995.647, 'duration': 7.124}, {'end': 1006.913, 'text': 'a data type is a type of data element defined by the value it holds.', 'start': 1002.771, 'duration': 4.142}, {'end': 1012.044, 'text': 'Some examples of these are int, float, double, Etc.', 'start': 1007.782, 'duration': 4.262}, {'end': 1019.288, 'text': 'data structures, on the other hand, deal with data organization, enabling the user to store, access or modify the data.', 'start': 1012.044, 'duration': 7.244}, {'end': 1027.752, 'text': 'the important data structures of python are lists, tuples, sets and dictionaries will be discussing about the data structures later on,', 'start': 1019.288, 'duration': 8.464}, {'end': 1031.454, 'text': "but for now let's come back towards the data types in python.", 'start': 1027.752, 'duration': 3.702}, {'end': 1035.517, 'text': 'the data types available in python are numbers, Boolean values and strings.', 'start': 1031.454, 'duration': 4.063}, {'end': 1039.228, 'text': 'Numbers are nothing but the numerical data types.', 'start': 1036.346, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 1045.57, 'text': 'numerical data type holds numerical values and it can be divided into integers, floats or complex numbers.', 'start': 1039.228, 'duration': 6.342}, {'end': 1048.012, 'text': 'So just to show you guys an example of this.', 'start': 1046.332, 'duration': 1.68}, {'end': 1049.373, 'text': "I'll take a new heading.", 'start': 1048.553, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 1052.795, 'text': "I'll just say data types.", 'start': 1051.895, 'duration': 0.9}, {'end': 1058.178, 'text': 'Taking an example of the numerical data type.', 'start': 1055.937, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 1063.522, 'text': "I'll just take a variable say X and I'll assign a value to this as 19.", 'start': 1058.478, 'duration': 5.044}, {'end': 1067.604, 'text': 'So as we all know 19 is a whole number and this is an integer value.', 'start': 1063.522, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 1073.607, 'text': 'Also, you can assign negative values say Y equal to minus 4.', 'start': 1068.365, 'duration': 5.242}, {'end': 1076.569, 'text': "So what I'm going to do is print out the type of these variables.", 'start': 1073.607, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 1088.255, 'text': "So I'll just say print type of X and the type of Y.", 'start': 1077.309, 'duration': 10.946}, {'end': 1091.157, 'text': 'So as you can see over here that they belong to the class integer.', 'start': 1088.255, 'duration': 2.902}], 'summary': 'Python variables: global vs local, data types: numbers, boolean, strings', 'duration': 207.026, 'max_score': 884.131, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW0884131.jpg'}, {'end': 1045.57, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1019.288, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1027.752, 'text': 'the important data structures of python are lists, tuples, sets and dictionaries will be discussing about the data structures later on,', 'start': 1019.288, 'duration': 8.464}, {'end': 1031.454, 'text': "but for now let's come back towards the data types in python.", 'start': 1027.752, 'duration': 3.702}, {'end': 1035.517, 'text': 'the data types available in python are numbers, Boolean values and strings.', 'start': 1031.454, 'duration': 4.063}, {'end': 1039.228, 'text': 'Numbers are nothing but the numerical data types.', 'start': 1036.346, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 1045.57, 'text': 'numerical data type holds numerical values and it can be divided into integers, floats or complex numbers.', 'start': 1039.228, 'duration': 6.342}], 'summary': 'Python has important data structures - lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries. data types include numbers, booleans, and strings.', 'duration': 26.282, 'max_score': 1019.288, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW01019288.jpg'}, {'end': 1174.021, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1149.211, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 1155.994, 'text': 'the Boolean data type is used for categorical output, since the output for a Boolean is either true or false.', 'start': 1149.211, 'duration': 6.783}, {'end': 1157.914, 'text': 'now, in order to show you guys an example of this', 'start': 1155.994, 'duration': 1.92}, {'end': 1161.536, 'text': 'Let me just take a variable say V and over here.', 'start': 1158.335, 'duration': 3.201}, {'end': 1167.298, 'text': "I'll just take two comparison values say 2 greater than 6 once I'm done with this.", 'start': 1161.796, 'duration': 5.502}, {'end': 1170.72, 'text': "I'll print out the type of V as well as the value of V.", 'start': 1167.698, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 1172, 'text': "So first I'll print out type.", 'start': 1170.72, 'duration': 1.28}, {'end': 1174.021, 'text': "I'll just say type of V.", 'start': 1172.02, 'duration': 2.001}], 'summary': 'Boolean data type categorizes output as true or false.', 'duration': 24.81, 'max_score': 1149.211, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW01149211.jpg'}, {'end': 1233.62, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1203.326, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 1206.869, 'text': 'string values in Python are declared using single or double quotes.', 'start': 1203.326, 'duration': 3.543}, {'end': 1214.404, 'text': "So for an example of a string, I'll just say my string equals edureka.", 'start': 1207.629, 'duration': 6.775}, {'end': 1218.007, 'text': "And then I'll just print out my string.", 'start': 1216.326, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 1225.073, 'text': 'So as you can see over here, it has returned the value of my string.', 'start': 1222.291, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 1229.557, 'text': 'You can also access the values of a string by making use of the index values.', 'start': 1225.814, 'duration': 3.743}, {'end': 1233.62, 'text': 'So in case I want to access any element that is present in edureka.', 'start': 1230.338, 'duration': 3.282}], 'summary': 'Python strings use single or double quotes. access values by index.', 'duration': 30.294, 'max_score': 1203.326, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW01203326.jpg'}], 'start': 663.145, 'title': 'Python 3.7 installation and variables', 'summary': 'Covers the importance of python 3.7 installation, naming conventions, and python variables including rules for declaring, redeclaring, and global vs local variables, as well as data types such as numerical, boolean, and strings.', 'chapters': [{'end': 701.198, 'start': 663.145, 'title': 'Python 3.7 installation and naming conventions', 'summary': 'Covers the importance of downloading python 3.7 due to the lack of support for python 2.7, and discusses the naming conventions in python such as lowercase names for methods and instance variables, uppercase for class names and constants, and using underscore to separate words in names.', 'duration': 38.053, 'highlights': ['Python 3.7 is recommended due to lack of support for Python 2.7.', "Python's naming conventions include lowercase names for methods and instance variables, uppercase for class names and constants, and using underscore to separate words in names.", 'Downloading Python 3.7 is important as Python 2.7 no longer has support.', 'Class names should have the first letter in uppercase followed by lowercase letters and constants should be completely capitalized.', 'Naming conventions suggest using lowercase names for methods, instance variables, and global variables, and separating two-word names with an underscore.']}, {'end': 1280.259, 'start': 701.198, 'title': 'Python variables and data types', 'summary': 'Covers python variables, including rules for declaring variables, redeclaring variables, and global vs local variables. it also discusses data types in python, such as numerical data types, boolean values, and strings.', 'duration': 579.061, 'highlights': ['Python variables: Rules and redeclaring Variables in Python can be created as soon as a value is assigned to it. Rules for declaring variables include not starting with a number, being case sensitive, and allowing only alphanumeric characters and underscores.', 'Python variables: Global vs local Python allows both global and local variables. Global variables are visible throughout the program, while local variables are confined to the class or function to which they belong.', 'Python data types: Numerical data types Python supports numerical data types, including integers, floats, and complex numbers. The examples demonstrate the declaration and type identification of these numerical data types.', 'Python data types: Boolean values Boolean data type is used for categorical output, with values being either true or false. An example showcases the comparison and type identification of a boolean variable.', 'Python data types: Strings Python strings are used to represent Unicode character values and can be declared using single or double quotes. The examples illustrate string declaration, access using index values, and positive vs negative indexing.']}], 'duration': 617.114, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW0663145.jpg', 'highlights': ['Python 3.7 is recommended due to lack of support for Python 2.7.', 'Downloading Python 3.7 is important as Python 2.7 no longer has support.', "Python's naming conventions include lowercase names for methods and instance variables, uppercase for class names and constants, and using underscore to separate words in names.", 'Naming conventions suggest using lowercase names for methods, instance variables, and global variables, and separating two-word names with an underscore.', 'Python variables: Rules and redeclaring Variables in Python can be created as soon as a value is assigned to it.', 'Python variables: Global vs local Python allows both global and local variables. Global variables are visible throughout the program, while local variables are confined to the class or function to which they belong.', 'Python data types: Numerical data types Python supports numerical data types, including integers, floats, and complex numbers.', 'Python data types: Boolean values Boolean data type is used for categorical output, with values being either true or false.', 'Python data types: Strings Python strings are used to represent Unicode character values and can be declared using single or double quotes.']}, {'end': 1910.274, 'segs': [{'end': 1312.535, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1280.92, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1282.881, 'text': 'So now moving on towards flow control.', 'start': 1280.92, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 1290.125, 'text': 'in python, flow control statements basically decide the order of execution of the program, generally accomplished through loops,', 'start': 1282.881, 'duration': 7.244}, {'end': 1291.906, 'text': 'conditional statements and function calls.', 'start': 1290.125, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 1295.868, 'text': 'So taking a deep look at each of these let us first discuss.', 'start': 1292.626, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 1301.251, 'text': 'What are loops in python loops allow us to execute a group of statements several times.', 'start': 1296.068, 'duration': 5.183}, {'end': 1308.154, 'text': "Suppose you're a software developer and you're required to provide a software module for the employees in your office.", 'start': 1302.011, 'duration': 6.143}, {'end': 1312.535, 'text': 'for this, you must print the details of payroll of each employee separately.', 'start': 1308.154, 'duration': 4.381}], 'summary': "Python's flow control manages program execution through loops and conditional statements.", 'duration': 31.615, 'max_score': 1280.92, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW01280920.jpg'}, {'end': 1365.824, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1339.525, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1343.326, 'text': 'condition over here can be any logic that we want to test in our program.', 'start': 1339.525, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 1348.688, 'text': 'So if it is true, it will execute the body of the loop and if it is false, it will exit the loop.', 'start': 1344.007, 'duration': 4.681}, {'end': 1355.05, 'text': "We shall discuss more about the for loop further on but for now, let's talk about the conditional statements in Python.", 'start': 1349.408, 'duration': 5.642}, {'end': 1357.557, 'text': 'Before talking about the conditional statements.', 'start': 1355.876, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 1360.44, 'text': "Let's talk about what are conditions.", 'start': 1357.858, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 1365.824, 'text': 'conditions in python are logical conditions which we use in if and else statements.', 'start': 1360.44, 'duration': 5.384}], 'summary': 'Python uses logical conditions in if and else statements to test program logic.', 'duration': 26.299, 'max_score': 1339.525, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW01339525.jpg'}, {'end': 1429.064, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1404.635, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1410.779, 'text': 'To understand the control flow of an if and else statement take a look at the flow chart of how the execution takes place.', 'start': 1404.635, 'duration': 6.144}, {'end': 1414.942, 'text': 'So as you can see the execution starts with the test expression.', 'start': 1411.56, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 1421.499, 'text': 'When this is true, the execution will enter the body of if and execute all the statements present there.', 'start': 1415.675, 'duration': 5.824}, {'end': 1429.064, 'text': 'but when this expression is false, the execution will move to the body of the else statement and execute the statements in the else block.', 'start': 1421.499, 'duration': 7.565}], 'summary': 'If/else statement controls flow based on test expression, determining execution path.', 'duration': 24.429, 'max_score': 1404.635, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW01404635.jpg'}, {'end': 1720.478, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1694.898, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1700.161, 'text': 'So now let me take another example and check whether a number is prime or not using the if-else block.', 'start': 1694.898, 'duration': 5.263}, {'end': 1707.827, 'text': "So what I'm going to do over here is I'll take a new variable as a and I'll assign the value to this as 10.", 'start': 1700.901, 'duration': 6.926}, {'end': 1712.571, 'text': 'And after this the first thing that I have to do is check if a is greater than 1 or not.', 'start': 1707.827, 'duration': 4.744}, {'end': 1715.193, 'text': "So what I'm going to do is type in if statement.", 'start': 1713.311, 'duration': 1.882}, {'end': 1720.478, 'text': "So if a is greater than 1 then I'm going to proceed with the program.", 'start': 1716.034, 'duration': 4.444}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating checking if a number is prime using an if-else block', 'duration': 25.58, 'max_score': 1694.898, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW01694898.jpg'}, {'end': 1885.297, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1857.943, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1865.788, 'text': 'in case you just have one statement to execute or multiple else statements to check for, you can make use of the shorthand if and else.', 'start': 1857.943, 'duration': 7.845}, {'end': 1872.272, 'text': "so, to show you guys an example of the shorthand, notation of if, what I'm going to do is take two variables over here, say a and B,", 'start': 1865.788, 'duration': 6.484}, {'end': 1878.956, 'text': "and I'll declare a as 5 and B as 7..", 'start': 1872.272, 'duration': 6.684}, {'end': 1880.796, 'text': "Now, I'll make use of the if statement.", 'start': 1878.956, 'duration': 1.84}, {'end': 1885.297, 'text': 'So if a is less than B.', 'start': 1881.636, 'duration': 3.661}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates the shorthand if and else notation using variables a=5 and b=7.', 'duration': 27.354, 'max_score': 1857.943, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW01857943.jpg'}], 'start': 1280.92, 'title': 'Python flow control and conditional statements', 'summary': 'Discusses flow control in python, focusing on loops for executing statements repeatedly and covers conditional statements including if, else, and shorthand notation. it includes an example of determining prime numbers and demonstrating the flow of execution through a for loop and if-else statements.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1315.537, 'start': 1280.92, 'title': 'Python flow control', 'summary': 'Discusses flow control in python, focusing on loops which allow executing a group of statements several times, such as printing payroll details for each employee separately.', 'duration': 34.617, 'highlights': ['Loops in Python allow executing a group of statements several times. Loops in Python enable the repetitive execution of a block of code, reducing the effort required for tasks like printing payroll details for each employee separately.', 'Flow control in Python involves loops, conditional statements, and function calls. Flow control in Python is achieved through loops, conditional statements, and function calls, providing flexibility in program execution.']}, {'end': 1910.274, 'start': 1316.157, 'title': 'Python conditional statements', 'summary': 'Covers the concept of conditional statements in python, including if, else, and shorthand notation, with an example of determining prime numbers and demonstrating the flow of execution through a for loop and if-else statements.', 'duration': 594.117, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the concept of conditional statements in Python It discusses the use of logic for calculating details and iterating using a for loop, saving time and making the code efficient.', 'Demonstrating the flow of execution through a for loop and if-else statements It illustrates the flow chart for the for loop and explains the execution process for if and else statements, including the use of test expressions and the control flow.', 'Example of determining prime numbers It provides an example of using if-else statements to determine if a number is prime or not, with a detailed explanation of the code logic and execution.', 'Explanation of shorthand notation for if and else It explains the shorthand notation for if and else statements, demonstrating its usage with an example of comparing two variables and printing a single-line statement.']}], 'duration': 629.354, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW01280920.jpg', 'highlights': ['Loops in Python enable the repetitive execution of a block of code, reducing the effort required for tasks like printing payroll details for each employee separately.', 'Flow control in Python is achieved through loops, conditional statements, and function calls, providing flexibility in program execution.', 'The chapter covers the concept of conditional statements in Python, discussing the use of logic for calculating details and iterating using a for loop, saving time and making the code efficient.', 'It illustrates the flow chart for the for loop and explains the execution process for if and else statements, including the use of test expressions and the control flow.', 'It provides an example of using if-else statements to determine if a number is prime or not, with a detailed explanation of the code logic and execution.', 'It explains the shorthand notation for if and else statements, demonstrating its usage with an example of comparing two variables and printing a single-line statement.']}, {'end': 2716.41, 'segs': [{'end': 2027.754, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1994.574, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1995.414, 'text': "and I'll say for Loop.", 'start': 1994.574, 'duration': 0.84}, {'end': 2002.156, 'text': 'So unlike other programming languages the for Loop in python is a for in Loop.', 'start': 1997.515, 'duration': 4.641}, {'end': 2006.077, 'text': 'So basically for any iterator variable.', 'start': 2002.956, 'duration': 3.121}, {'end': 2011.499, 'text': 'In the sequence.', 'start': 2010.858, 'duration': 0.641}, {'end': 2016.8, 'text': 'I will execute the body of the for Loop that will have all the statements.', 'start': 2013.219, 'duration': 3.581}, {'end': 2024.811, 'text': 'So for every iterator present in this sequence, I can execute a single or a number of statements.', 'start': 2019.246, 'duration': 5.565}, {'end': 2027.754, 'text': 'So just to show you guys an example of the for loop.', 'start': 2025.732, 'duration': 2.022}], 'summary': "Python's for loop iterates through a sequence for executing statements.", 'duration': 33.18, 'max_score': 1994.574, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW01994574.jpg'}, {'end': 2162.008, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2135.845, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 2143.07, 'text': 'So as you can see at index number 3 is L in case I want to selectively print a section of the values present in my string.', 'start': 2135.845, 'duration': 7.225}, {'end': 2147.614, 'text': 'I can make use of the for loop and then slice the values that I want from my string.', 'start': 2143.491, 'duration': 4.123}, {'end': 2156.784, 'text': "So for that I just copy this I paste it over here and I'll say print all the values from 0 to 3.", 'start': 2148.414, 'duration': 8.37}, {'end': 2162.008, 'text': 'So as you can see from index number 0 to index number 3, I have all the values that are printed.', 'start': 2156.784, 'duration': 5.224}], 'summary': 'Using the for loop to slice and print values from a string.', 'duration': 26.163, 'max_score': 2135.845, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW02135845.jpg'}, {'end': 2262.348, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2215.828, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2223.293, 'text': 'It consists of a condition block and the body with a set of statements the while loop keeps on executing until the condition becomes false.', 'start': 2215.828, 'duration': 7.465}, {'end': 2227.917, 'text': "So in case you want to make use of a while loop, you'll have to keep three things in mind.", 'start': 2224.154, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 2231.179, 'text': 'The first thing is to initialize your iterator.', 'start': 2228.717, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 2236.703, 'text': 'The second is to specify the condition and the third is to increment your iterator.', 'start': 2231.719, 'duration': 4.984}, {'end': 2241.144, 'text': 'In case you do not increment your iterator the while loop will go on forever.', 'start': 2237.523, 'duration': 3.621}, {'end': 2246.925, 'text': "So what I'm going to do over here is take a small example of the while loop before writing down the example.", 'start': 2241.164, 'duration': 5.761}, {'end': 2249.066, 'text': 'Let me just write down the syntax of the while loop.', 'start': 2247.165, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 2256.727, 'text': 'So that is while some expression and then the body which contains the statements.', 'start': 2249.766, 'duration': 6.961}, {'end': 2262.348, 'text': "So now let's move on towards an example of the while loop.", 'start': 2260.088, 'duration': 2.26}], 'summary': 'While loop executes until condition is false, requiring iterator initialization, condition specification, and iterator incrementation to avoid infinite loop.', 'duration': 46.52, 'max_score': 2215.828, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW02215828.jpg'}, {'end': 2394.646, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2370.764, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2377.286, 'text': 'The loop control statements are used to control the flow of the loop or to alter the execution based on a few specified conditions.', 'start': 2370.764, 'duration': 6.522}, {'end': 2382.817, 'text': 'In Python we have break continue and pass as the loop control statements.', 'start': 2378.374, 'duration': 4.443}, {'end': 2387.721, 'text': 'The break statement is used to terminate the execution of a loop containing it.', 'start': 2383.618, 'duration': 4.103}, {'end': 2394.646, 'text': 'as soon as the loop comes across the break statement, the loop terminates and the execution is transferred to the next statement here.', 'start': 2387.721, 'duration': 6.925}], 'summary': 'Python has 3 loop control statements: break, continue, and pass.', 'duration': 23.882, 'max_score': 2370.764, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW02370764.jpg'}, {'end': 2705.436, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2429.313, 'weight': 0.755, 'content': [{'end': 2429.773, 'text': 'Sorry guys.', 'start': 2429.313, 'duration': 0.46}, {'end': 2431.754, 'text': 'I just made a mistake in the indentation over here.', 'start': 2429.873, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 2441.884, 'text': 'So, as you can see over here, all the elements that are present till are have been returned, which means edu have been returned,', 'start': 2434.54, 'duration': 7.344}, {'end': 2443.365, 'text': 'and then the loop has ended.', 'start': 2441.884, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 2446.886, 'text': 'So now talking about the continue statement.', 'start': 2444.245, 'duration': 2.641}, {'end': 2452.869, 'text': 'the continue statement is used to skip the rest of the code in the loop for the current iteration the continue statement.', 'start': 2446.886, 'duration': 5.983}, {'end': 2457.712, 'text': 'However does not terminate the loop like the break statement and continues with the remaining iterations.', 'start': 2452.909, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 2464.983, 'text': 'So basically when a continue statement is encountered it only skips the remaining loop for that iteration.', 'start': 2458.78, 'duration': 6.203}, {'end': 2467.204, 'text': 'So let me just try this out of here.', 'start': 2465.644, 'duration': 1.56}, {'end': 2469.986, 'text': "So instead of break, I'll say continue.", 'start': 2467.965, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 2480.371, 'text': 'So when R is encountered the value is skipped which means when R is encountered the print statement is not executed.', 'start': 2472.947, 'duration': 7.424}, {'end': 2485.474, 'text': 'So now talking about the past statement the past statement is a null operation.', 'start': 2481.152, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 2492.14, 'text': 'It basically means that the statement is required syntactically, but you do not wish to execute any command of code.', 'start': 2486.258, 'duration': 5.882}, {'end': 2500.842, 'text': 'So in case if I change this from continue to pass and add a print statement that is to be printed when R is encountered.', 'start': 2492.88, 'duration': 7.962}, {'end': 2503.463, 'text': "I'll just say pass executed.", 'start': 2500.862, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 2512.865, 'text': 'So as you can see when R is encountered this print statement is executed and then the loop continues.', 'start': 2506.604, 'duration': 6.261}, {'end': 2515.306, 'text': 'So talking about nested loops.', 'start': 2513.806, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 2523.372, 'text': 'Python also allows us to use one loop within another you can use a for loop within the while loop and a while loop within a for loop as well.', 'start': 2516.087, 'duration': 7.285}, {'end': 2533.879, 'text': 'So to take an example of this, let me just say for X in range of 1 comma 10.', 'start': 2524.252, 'duration': 9.627}, {'end': 2536.54, 'text': "And then I'll take another for loop within this for loop.", 'start': 2533.879, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 2544.045, 'text': "I'll say for Y in the range of X.", 'start': 2537.361, 'duration': 6.684}, {'end': 2554.443, 'text': "I'll say print X So instead of ending the Sprint statement with the next line character, I'm going to use the end parameter as a space character.", 'start': 2544.045, 'duration': 10.398}, {'end': 2562.805, 'text': "So for all the values that are present between 1 and 10 each time I take the value and in that range, I'll print the value.", 'start': 2556.704, 'duration': 6.101}, {'end': 2568.366, 'text': "So for the first time I'll have X as one so far one in the range of one.", 'start': 2563.545, 'duration': 4.821}, {'end': 2574.467, 'text': "I'll say print one therefore one is printed just once for the second iteration.", 'start': 2568.666, 'duration': 5.801}, {'end': 2585.464, 'text': "I'll have the value of X as 2 So for 2 in range of 2 I'll print 2 which means I'll print 2 twice now since my output does not look too formatted.", 'start': 2574.747, 'duration': 10.717}, {'end': 2591.768, 'text': "What I'm going to do is add another print statement to create some beautiful looking output.", 'start': 2585.944, 'duration': 5.824}, {'end': 2595.45, 'text': "So as you can see over here, I've created a number pyramid.", 'start': 2592.448, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 2597.491, 'text': 'So I hope you guys are clear with this.', 'start': 2596.191, 'duration': 1.3}, {'end': 2600.933, 'text': "So now let's take an example of a nested while loop.", 'start': 2598.512, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 2606.817, 'text': "So what I'm going to do here is take a variable say a and I'll assign a list of values to this.", 'start': 2601.874, 'duration': 4.943}, {'end': 2622.23, 'text': "So while a is true what I'm going to do is just print a dot pop minus 1 and then I'll take another variable within this while loop.", 'start': 2610.543, 'duration': 11.687}, {'end': 2626.392, 'text': "I'll just say B is equal to some list of string.", 'start': 2622.93, 'duration': 3.462}, {'end': 2629.954, 'text': 'Let me just take a symbol that will differentiate between these two loops.', 'start': 2627.233, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 2641.725, 'text': "So next I'm going to take another while loop and I'll say while B is true print B dot pop of 0.", 'start': 2631.635, 'duration': 10.09}, {'end': 2644.686, 'text': 'So as you can see both my while loops have been executed.', 'start': 2641.725, 'duration': 2.961}, {'end': 2646.947, 'text': 'So I hope you guys have understood this.', 'start': 2645.446, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 2653.049, 'text': "So next what I'm going to do is print the Fibonacci series using both the for loop and the while loops.", 'start': 2648.007, 'duration': 5.042}, {'end': 2655.15, 'text': 'I already have a code for that.', 'start': 2653.929, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 2656.77, 'text': 'So let me just copy it.', 'start': 2655.85, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 2658.751, 'text': "And I'll paste it over here.", 'start': 2657.931, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 2666.317, 'text': "So as you can see what's happening over here is I've defined the Fibonacci function and over here.", 'start': 2660.953, 'duration': 5.364}, {'end': 2672.101, 'text': "I'm assigning the value of first and second as 0 as 1 then while this is true.", 'start': 2666.597, 'duration': 5.504}, {'end': 2676.705, 'text': "I'm going to yield the value of F in case you want to know more about the yield function.", 'start': 2672.402, 'duration': 4.303}, {'end': 2679.787, 'text': 'You can actually check out generators in python video.', 'start': 2677.185, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 2685.952, 'text': 'So, moving on, once the value of F has been returned, which means if the first value has been returned,', 'start': 2680.608, 'duration': 5.344}, {'end': 2691.085, 'text': "I'll have to change the value of first as second, and the second will be first plus second.", 'start': 2686.502, 'duration': 4.583}, {'end': 2696.97, 'text': 'So therefore first becomes second and second becomes F plus S next.', 'start': 2691.686, 'duration': 5.284}, {'end': 2705.436, 'text': "I'm taking the for loop for every element that is generated by my function in case the value of X is less than 50.", 'start': 2697.45, 'duration': 7.986}], 'summary': 'Transcript covers python loop statements, including continue, pass, and nested loops. demonstrates examples and output.', 'duration': 276.123, 'max_score': 2429.313, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW02429313.jpg'}, {'end': 2492.14, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2446.886, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2452.869, 'text': 'the continue statement is used to skip the rest of the code in the loop for the current iteration the continue statement.', 'start': 2446.886, 'duration': 5.983}, {'end': 2457.712, 'text': 'However does not terminate the loop like the break statement and continues with the remaining iterations.', 'start': 2452.909, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 2464.983, 'text': 'So basically when a continue statement is encountered it only skips the remaining loop for that iteration.', 'start': 2458.78, 'duration': 6.203}, {'end': 2467.204, 'text': 'So let me just try this out of here.', 'start': 2465.644, 'duration': 1.56}, {'end': 2469.986, 'text': "So instead of break, I'll say continue.", 'start': 2467.965, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 2480.371, 'text': 'So when R is encountered the value is skipped which means when R is encountered the print statement is not executed.', 'start': 2472.947, 'duration': 7.424}, {'end': 2485.474, 'text': 'So now talking about the past statement the past statement is a null operation.', 'start': 2481.152, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 2492.14, 'text': 'It basically means that the statement is required syntactically, but you do not wish to execute any command of code.', 'start': 2486.258, 'duration': 5.882}], 'summary': "The 'continue' statement skips loop iterations; 'pass' is a null operation.", 'duration': 45.254, 'max_score': 2446.886, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW02446886.jpg'}, {'end': 2544.045, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2516.087, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 2523.372, 'text': 'Python also allows us to use one loop within another you can use a for loop within the while loop and a while loop within a for loop as well.', 'start': 2516.087, 'duration': 7.285}, {'end': 2533.879, 'text': 'So to take an example of this, let me just say for X in range of 1 comma 10.', 'start': 2524.252, 'duration': 9.627}, {'end': 2536.54, 'text': "And then I'll take another for loop within this for loop.", 'start': 2533.879, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 2544.045, 'text': "I'll say for Y in the range of X.", 'start': 2537.361, 'duration': 6.684}], 'summary': 'Python allows nesting loops, such as for within while, and while within for.', 'duration': 27.958, 'max_score': 2516.087, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW02516087.jpg'}, {'end': 2655.15, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2627.233, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2629.954, 'text': 'Let me just take a symbol that will differentiate between these two loops.', 'start': 2627.233, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 2641.725, 'text': "So next I'm going to take another while loop and I'll say while B is true print B dot pop of 0.", 'start': 2631.635, 'duration': 10.09}, {'end': 2644.686, 'text': 'So as you can see both my while loops have been executed.', 'start': 2641.725, 'duration': 2.961}, {'end': 2646.947, 'text': 'So I hope you guys have understood this.', 'start': 2645.446, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 2653.049, 'text': "So next what I'm going to do is print the Fibonacci series using both the for loop and the while loops.", 'start': 2648.007, 'duration': 5.042}, {'end': 2655.15, 'text': 'I already have a code for that.', 'start': 2653.929, 'duration': 1.221}], 'summary': 'Demonstrated use of while and for loops to print fibonacci series.', 'duration': 27.917, 'max_score': 2627.233, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW02627233.jpg'}], 'start': 1910.274, 'title': 'Python control flow and loop control statements', 'summary': "Covers if-else blocks, for and while loops in python with examples, emphasizing the for loop's ability to traverse sequences and the while loop's execution based on a condition. it also includes loop control statements such as break, continue, and pass, along with demonstrations of their functionalities, nested loops, and implementation of the fibonacci series using for and while loops.", 'chapters': [{'end': 2354.458, 'start': 1910.274, 'title': 'Python control flow', 'summary': "Covers if-else blocks, for and while loops in python with examples, highlighting the usage and syntax of each, emphasizing the for loop's ability to traverse sequences and the while loop's execution based on a condition.", 'duration': 444.184, 'highlights': ['The for loop in Python is a for in Loop, used to execute statements for each item in the sequence, such as a list, dictionary, set, or string.', 'The while loop in Python executes a set of statements as long as the condition is true, requiring initialization, condition specification, and iterator incrementation to avoid infinite looping.', 'Demonstrated the for loop by iterating through a list and a string, displaying the ability to print specific elements, sections, and values based on index and slicing.', 'Provided an example of a while loop in Python, showing the initialization, condition specification, and iterator incrementation to ensure the loop stops when the condition becomes false.']}, {'end': 2716.41, 'start': 2355.158, 'title': 'Python loop control statements', 'summary': 'Covers loop control statements in python, including break, continue, and pass, with examples and demonstrations of their functionalities, as well as nested loops and the fibonacci series implementation using for and while loops.', 'duration': 361.252, 'highlights': ['Loop control statements like break, continue, and pass are used to alter the execution flow in Python loops. Explains the purpose of loop control statements and their usage in Python loops.', 'Demonstrates the usage of break statement to terminate the loop and transfer execution to the next statement based on a specified condition. Provides an example of using the break statement to terminate a loop when a condition is met.', 'Explains the functionality of the continue statement in skipping the remaining code in the loop for the current iteration without terminating the loop. Clarifies the role of the continue statement in skipping code execution within a loop for the current iteration.', 'Illustrates the purpose of the pass statement as a null operation in Python and its syntactic requirement without executing any command or code. Provides an example of using the pass statement to meet syntactic requirements without executing any code.', 'Demonstrates the usage of nested loops in Python, showcasing the combination of for and while loops to create a number pyramid. Shows an example of using nested loops, combining for and while loops to create a number pyramid.', 'Implements the Fibonacci series using both for and while loops, demonstrating the yield function and terminating the loop based on a condition. Describes the implementation of the Fibonacci series using for and while loops, utilizing the yield function and terminating the loop based on a condition.']}], 'duration': 806.136, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW01910274.jpg', 'highlights': ['The for loop in Python is a for in Loop, used to execute statements for each item in the sequence, such as a list, dictionary, set, or string.', 'The while loop in Python executes a set of statements as long as the condition is true, requiring initialization, condition specification, and iterator incrementation to avoid infinite looping.', 'Loop control statements like break, continue, and pass are used to alter the execution flow in Python loops. Explains the purpose of loop control statements and their usage in Python loops.', 'Demonstrates the usage of break statement to terminate the loop and transfer execution to the next statement based on a specified condition. Provides an example of using the break statement to terminate a loop when a condition is met.', 'Illustrates the purpose of the pass statement as a null operation in Python and its syntactic requirement without executing any command or code. Provides an example of using the pass statement to meet syntactic requirements without executing any code.', 'Implements the Fibonacci series using both for and while loops, demonstrating the yield function and terminating the loop based on a condition. Describes the implementation of the Fibonacci series using for and while loops, utilizing the yield function and terminating the loop based on a condition.', 'Demonstrated the for loop by iterating through a list and a string, displaying the ability to print specific elements, sections, and values based on index and slicing.', 'Provided an example of a while loop in Python, showing the initialization, condition specification, and iterator incrementation to ensure the loop stops when the condition becomes false.', 'Explains the functionality of the continue statement in skipping the remaining code in the loop for the current iteration without terminating the loop. Clarifies the role of the continue statement in skipping code execution within a loop for the current iteration.', 'Demonstrates the usage of nested loops in Python, showcasing the combination of for and while loops to create a number pyramid. Shows an example of using nested loops, combining for and while loops to create a number pyramid.']}, {'end': 3828.05, 'segs': [{'end': 2785.578, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2757.599, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2762.502, 'text': 'Every other function is logically aligned and maintained to functionally execute your main code.', 'start': 2757.599, 'duration': 4.903}, {'end': 2768.287, 'text': "But if the function has not been defined previously, you'll just have to define one yourself before using it.", 'start': 2763.043, 'duration': 5.244}, {'end': 2772.67, 'text': 'This is because the function definition lists the steps of operation.', 'start': 2769.007, 'duration': 3.663}, {'end': 2778.955, 'text': 'So basically, functions are nothing but tasks that the user wants to perform repeatedly.', 'start': 2773.593, 'duration': 5.362}, {'end': 2785.578, 'text': 'by defining it just once with the name, the user will be able to use the function anywhere in the program.', 'start': 2778.955, 'duration': 6.623}], 'summary': 'Functions allow users to perform tasks repeatedly by defining them once, providing flexibility and reusability in the program.', 'duration': 27.979, 'max_score': 2757.599, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW02757599.jpg'}, {'end': 2825.224, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2797.907, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2804.331, 'text': 'So to serve a wide range of applications, from GUI and mathematical computing to web development and testing.', 'start': 2797.907, 'duration': 6.424}, {'end': 2809.454, 'text': 'Python interpreter already comes equipped with numerous functions that are always available for the use.', 'start': 2804.331, 'duration': 5.123}, {'end': 2816.879, 'text': 'Also, you can add on libraries or modules to your program that contain predefined functions readily available for use.', 'start': 2810.435, 'duration': 6.444}, {'end': 2825.224, 'text': 'So now talking about the types of functions in Python, you can either have built-in functions Lambda functions or user-defined functions.', 'start': 2817.759, 'duration': 7.465}], 'summary': 'Python offers a wide range of functions, including built-in, lambda, and user-defined functions, for various applications.', 'duration': 27.317, 'max_score': 2797.907, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW02797907.jpg'}, {'end': 2868.041, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2841.566, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2845.567, 'text': "Now, let's get back to our Jupiter notebook and see how you can make use of these built-in functions.", 'start': 2841.566, 'duration': 4.001}, {'end': 2849.088, 'text': "The first function that I'll be discussing over here is the print function.", 'start': 2846.288, 'duration': 2.8}, {'end': 2851.529, 'text': "I'm sure you all know the print function.", 'start': 2850.069, 'duration': 1.46}, {'end': 2856.519, 'text': 'Print in python is a standard function that is used to print the output to the console.', 'start': 2852.478, 'duration': 4.041}, {'end': 2858.799, 'text': 'Let me just create a heading over here.', 'start': 2857.459, 'duration': 1.34}, {'end': 2868.041, 'text': "I'll say functions to show the syntax of this function to you guys.", 'start': 2858.819, 'duration': 9.222}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating the usage of the print function in python.', 'duration': 26.475, 'max_score': 2841.566, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW02841566.jpg'}, {'end': 3070.115, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3037.277, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3039.298, 'text': "So now let's talk about the min max functions.", 'start': 3037.277, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 3043.32, 'text': 'The min max functions are also built-in functions that are present in Python.', 'start': 3039.979, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 3050.444, 'text': 'So, in case I have a list of values, say a, and if I want to find the minimum and the maximum of this,', 'start': 3043.841, 'duration': 6.603}, {'end': 3052.745, 'text': 'all I can do is make use of these functions directly.', 'start': 3050.444, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 3064.814, 'text': "So I'll just say print the minimum of a and the maximum of a so as you can see over here,", 'start': 3053.285, 'duration': 11.529}, {'end': 3070.115, 'text': "the minimum value that's present in a is 1 and the maximum value present in a is 7.", 'start': 3064.814, 'duration': 5.301}], 'summary': "Python's min max functions find minimum=1 and maximum=7 from a list.", 'duration': 32.838, 'max_score': 3037.277, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW03037277.jpg'}, {'end': 3125.115, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3100.713, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3107.375, 'text': 'So, as you can see, over here, the sum function has two parameters, which is the iterables and the start iterables.', 'start': 3100.713, 'duration': 6.662}, {'end': 3110.636, 'text': 'over here is the sum of iterables, whose value needs to be summed up.', 'start': 3107.375, 'duration': 3.261}, {'end': 3118.252, 'text': 'The second parameter is the start parameter, which is by default 0 meaning the sum of all the iterables should be added to 0.', 'start': 3111.388, 'duration': 6.864}, {'end': 3125.115, 'text': 'So it will be 0 plus sum of all the iterables in case I specify some value to the start parameter.', 'start': 3118.252, 'duration': 6.863}], 'summary': 'The sum function adds up iterables with an optional start parameter.', 'duration': 24.402, 'max_score': 3100.713, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW03100713.jpg'}, {'end': 3493.464, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3449.187, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3455.011, 'text': 'Data structures allow you to organize your data in such a way that it enables you to store collections of data,', 'start': 3449.187, 'duration': 5.824}, {'end': 3457.573, 'text': 'relate them and perform operations or them accordingly.', 'start': 3455.011, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 3463.236, 'text': 'Python has implicit support for data structures, which enables you to store and access data.', 'start': 3458.553, 'duration': 4.683}, {'end': 3469.381, 'text': 'These special data structures of python are nothing but lists, dictionaries, tuples and sets.', 'start': 3463.837, 'duration': 5.544}, {'end': 3472.503, 'text': 'python allows its users to create their own data structures as well.', 'start': 3469.381, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 3478.867, 'text': 'The most prominent data structures of this section are stacks queues trees linked lists and so on.', 'start': 3473.243, 'duration': 5.624}, {'end': 3488.081, 'text': 'So now talking about the built-in data structures of python lists lists are used to store data of different data types in a sequential manner.', 'start': 3479.716, 'duration': 8.365}, {'end': 3493.464, 'text': 'There are addresses assigned to every element of a list, which is called as the index,', 'start': 3488.681, 'duration': 4.783}], 'summary': 'Python supports data structures like lists, dictionaries, tuples, and sets, and allows users to create their own. lists store data of different data types in a sequential manner with assigned indexes.', 'duration': 44.277, 'max_score': 3449.187, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW03449187.jpg'}, {'end': 3710.539, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3685.542, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 3692.005, 'text': 'So one is at index number 0 2 at index number 1 and edureka is present at index number 2.', 'start': 3685.542, 'duration': 6.463}, {'end': 3699.249, 'text': 'So that was about adding elements to a list elements can also be deleted from a list in case you want to delete elements from a list.', 'start': 3692.005, 'duration': 7.244}, {'end': 3703.431, 'text': 'You can either make use of the pop function the remove function or the delete keyword.', 'start': 3699.449, 'duration': 3.982}, {'end': 3705.852, 'text': "Now, let's take an example of each of these.", 'start': 3704.091, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 3708.658, 'text': "For my new list what I'm going to do.", 'start': 3706.638, 'duration': 2.02}, {'end': 3710.539, 'text': "I'll say new list dot pop.", 'start': 3709.139, 'duration': 1.4}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates adding and deleting elements from a list.', 'duration': 24.997, 'max_score': 3685.542, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW03685542.jpg'}, {'end': 3833.213, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3809.071, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 3815.254, 'text': 'There are a number of other functions that you can also use, which is the length function to find the length of the list, the index function,', 'start': 3809.071, 'duration': 6.183}, {'end': 3820.116, 'text': 'which finds the index value of the value passed as a parameter and the first occurrence of it.', 'start': 3815.254, 'duration': 4.862}, {'end': 3823.907, 'text': 'The count function which finds the count of the value passed to it.', 'start': 3820.945, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 3828.05, 'text': 'You can also sort the list by making use of the sorted or the sort functions.', 'start': 3824.547, 'duration': 3.503}, {'end': 3833.213, 'text': 'So now moving on towards the next data type, which is a dictionary.', 'start': 3829.09, 'duration': 4.123}], 'summary': 'Introduction to list functions: length, index, count, sort. moving on to dictionary.', 'duration': 24.142, 'max_score': 3809.071, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW03809071.jpg'}], 'start': 2717.21, 'title': 'Python functions and data structures', 'summary': 'Covers the importance and types of python functions including built-in, lambda, and user-defined functions, with detailed examples. it also provides an overview of python data structures such as lists, dictionaries, tuples, and sets, with explanations and examples of list operations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3143.116, 'start': 2717.21, 'title': 'Python functions: types and examples', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of functions in python, their types including built-in, lambda, and user-defined functions, and provides detailed examples of built-in functions like print, min-max, and sum functions, emphasizing their parameters and usage.', 'duration': 425.906, 'highlights': ['Functions in Python are used to manage inputs and outputs in a computer program. Functions in Python are used to manage inputs and outputs in a computer program, providing an effective way to manage and transform data.', 'Python comes equipped with numerous built-in functions that are always available for use, and additional libraries or modules can be added to access predefined functions. Python interpreter comes equipped with numerous built-in functions and allows adding libraries or modules with predefined functions for a wide range of applications.', 'The print function in Python takes multiple parameters such as value, separator, end, file, and flush, allowing customization of output to the console. The print function in Python takes multiple parameters like value, separator, end, file, and flush, providing customization options for console output.', 'The min and max functions in Python allow finding the minimum and maximum values in a list directly using the functions. The min and max functions in Python allow finding the minimum and maximum values in a list directly using the functions, simplifying data analysis.', 'The sum function in Python returns the sum of all the values given as parameters, with an optional start parameter for customization. The sum function in Python returns the sum of all the values given as parameters, with an optional start parameter for customizing the sum operation.']}, {'end': 3428.939, 'start': 3143.877, 'title': 'Python lambda functions and user-defined functions', 'summary': 'Discusses python lambda functions, which are anonymous functions that can take any number of arguments and one expression, and user-defined functions, which are functions defined by the user to achieve specific tasks, and demonstrates how to use lambda functions within a user-defined function.', 'duration': 285.062, 'highlights': ['Python Lambda functions can take any number of arguments and one expression Lambda functions can take any number of arguments and one expression, allowing for flexibility and versatility in function design.', 'User-defined functions are functions defined by the user to achieve specific tasks User-defined functions are defined by the user to achieve specific tasks, providing customizability and control over function behavior.', 'Demonstrates how to use Lambda functions within a user-defined function The transcript demonstrates how to use Lambda functions within a user-defined function, showcasing the integration of both function types for enhanced functionality.']}, {'end': 3828.05, 'start': 3428.939, 'title': 'Python data structures overview', 'summary': 'Provides an overview of data structures in python, including lists, dictionaries, tuples, and sets, with explanations on creating, accessing, and manipulating list elements, with examples of append, extend, insert, pop, remove, delete, iteration, slicing, and other list operations.', 'duration': 399.111, 'highlights': ['Python data structures include lists, dictionaries, tuples, and sets, with support for creating and accessing data. Python has implicit support for data structures, including lists, dictionaries, tuples, and sets, enabling storage and access of data.', 'Lists are used to store data of different data types in a sequential manner, with support for index-based access and manipulation. Lists in Python store data of different types sequentially, allowing index-based access and manipulation, with examples of append, extend, and insert functions.', 'Demonstrates various list operations such as append, extend, insert, pop, remove, and delete, with examples showcasing their functionality. The chapter demonstrates various list operations such as append, extend, insert, pop, remove, and delete, with practical examples showcasing their functionality.', 'Shows iteration and slicing of lists, along with other functions like length, index, count, and sort for list manipulation. The chapter shows iteration and slicing of lists, along with functions like length, index, count, and sort for list manipulation.']}], 'duration': 1110.84, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW02717210.jpg', 'highlights': ['Python comes equipped with numerous built-in functions that are always available for use, and additional libraries or modules can be added to access predefined functions.', 'The print function in Python takes multiple parameters such as value, separator, end, file, and flush, allowing customization of output to the console.', 'The min and max functions in Python allow finding the minimum and maximum values in a list directly using the functions, simplifying data analysis.', 'The sum function in Python returns the sum of all the values given as parameters, with an optional start parameter for customizing the sum operation.', 'User-defined functions are defined by the user to achieve specific tasks, providing customizability and control over function behavior.', 'Python data structures include lists, dictionaries, tuples, and sets, with support for creating and accessing data.', 'Lists are used to store data of different data types in a sequential manner, with support for index-based access and manipulation.', 'The chapter demonstrates various list operations such as append, extend, insert, pop, remove, and delete, with practical examples showcasing their functionality.', 'Shows iteration and slicing of lists, along with functions like length, index, count, and sort for list manipulation.']}, {'end': 4363.244, 'segs': [{'end': 3878.396, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3849.349, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3852.35, 'text': 'In python dictionaries can be created using the flower brackets.', 'start': 3849.349, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 3855.511, 'text': 'You can also create them by making use of the dict function.', 'start': 3852.99, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 3860.212, 'text': "So now let's get back to our Jupiter notebook and create some dictionaries over here.", 'start': 3856.311, 'duration': 3.901}, {'end': 3871.854, 'text': "I'll just take a variable say a and then I'll open the flower brackets.", 'start': 3867.553, 'duration': 4.301}, {'end': 3874.015, 'text': "I'll take the keys as numbers.", 'start': 3872.715, 'duration': 1.3}, {'end': 3878.396, 'text': "So I'll just say one is hello and two is world.", 'start': 3874.515, 'duration': 3.881}], 'summary': 'Python dictionaries can be created using flower brackets or the dict function.', 'duration': 29.047, 'max_score': 3849.349, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW03849349.jpg'}, {'end': 3995.457, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3967.256, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3970.198, 'text': 'The pop function will return the value that has been deleted.', 'start': 3967.256, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 3976.103, 'text': 'the pop item function will return a tuple of the key and value to clear the entire dictionary.', 'start': 3970.198, 'duration': 5.905}, {'end': 3977.704, 'text': 'You can make use of the clear function.', 'start': 3976.303, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 3980.446, 'text': 'So let me just show you an example of this.', 'start': 3978.945, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 3985.95, 'text': "I'll say C dot pop the value present at index number one.", 'start': 3980.966, 'duration': 4.984}, {'end': 3993.415, 'text': 'So as you can see over here, hello has been removed from my dictionary in case I make use of the pop item function.', 'start': 3987.411, 'duration': 6.004}, {'end': 3995.457, 'text': "It's going to return both the key value pair.", 'start': 3993.776, 'duration': 1.681}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating python dictionary methods pop and popitem.', 'duration': 28.201, 'max_score': 3967.256, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW03967256.jpg'}, {'end': 4118.667, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4087.15, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4089.371, 'text': 'So now talking about tuples.', 'start': 4087.15, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 4096.116, 'text': 'tuples are actually the same as lists, but with one exception that the data, once entered into a tuple, cannot be changed,', 'start': 4089.371, 'duration': 6.745}, {'end': 4099.158, 'text': 'no matter what to create a tuple in python.', 'start': 4096.116, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 4101.078, 'text': 'You can make use of the regular brackets.', 'start': 4099.377, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 4104.321, 'text': 'You can also create a tuple by making use of the tuple function.', 'start': 4101.8, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 4106.703, 'text': "I'll just create my tuple.", 'start': 4104.341, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 4111.84, 'text': "and in the first case, I'll create an empty tuple.", 'start': 4109.457, 'duration': 2.383}, {'end': 4118.667, 'text': "Next, I'll create another tuple say Z and I'll assign some values to this.", 'start': 4113.081, 'duration': 5.586}], 'summary': 'Tuples are similar to lists, but data is unchangeable. created using brackets or tuple function.', 'duration': 31.517, 'max_score': 4087.15, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW04087150.jpg'}, {'end': 4262.753, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4212.862, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4217.405, 'text': 'the set data type is just going to take one entry of that element.', 'start': 4212.862, 'duration': 4.543}, {'end': 4220.767, 'text': "sets in python actually resembles the sets that you've learned in arithmetic.", 'start': 4217.405, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 4225.931, 'text': 'The operations are also the same such as intersection difference Union Etc.', 'start': 4221.548, 'duration': 4.383}, {'end': 4228.337, 'text': 'To create sets in python.', 'start': 4227.156, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 4234.142, 'text': 'You can make use of the flower braces and instead of adding the key value pairs, you just have to specify the values.', 'start': 4228.517, 'duration': 5.625}, {'end': 4239.126, 'text': 'Now, let me just get back to my Jupiter notebook and show you all how to create sets in python.', 'start': 4234.943, 'duration': 4.183}, {'end': 4244.07, 'text': "Like I've already told you all sets are created by making use of the flower braces.", 'start': 4240.027, 'duration': 4.043}, {'end': 4249.815, 'text': "I'll just take a variable over here as X and to this I'll specify some values.", 'start': 4244.791, 'duration': 5.024}, {'end': 4255.28, 'text': "And then I'll just put in the set.", 'start': 4253.979, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 4262.753, 'text': 'So, as you can see over here, I supplied eight values, but only five values are present in my set now.', 'start': 4256.448, 'duration': 6.305}], 'summary': 'Sets in python take one entry of each element, using flower braces, and can perform operations like intersection, difference, and union.', 'duration': 49.891, 'max_score': 4212.862, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW04212862.jpg'}], 'start': 3829.09, 'title': 'Python data types', 'summary': "Covers python dictionaries, tuples, and sets, explaining their creation, manipulation, and operations. it discusses dictionaries' creation, modification, and access methods, highlights tuples' immutability and creation methods, and explains sets' unique elements and operations such as union, intersection, and difference.", 'chapters': [{'end': 4194.008, 'start': 3829.09, 'title': 'Python dictionaries and tuples', 'summary': 'Introduces python dictionaries, explaining their creation using flower brackets or the dict function, modifying and deleting values, accessing values using keys or the get function, and then discusses tuples, highlighting their immutability and creation methods.', 'duration': 364.918, 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces Python dictionaries, explaining their creation using flower brackets or the dict function, modifying and deleting values, accessing values using keys or the get function, and then discusses tuples, highlighting their immutability and creation methods. introduction to Python dictionaries, creation using flower brackets or the dict function, modifying and deleting values, accessing values using keys or the get function, discussion of tuples, highlighting their immutability and creation methods', 'Values of a dictionary can be changed by using keys, and items can be deleted using the pop function, pop item function, or clear function. changing values using keys, deleting items using pop function, pop item function, or clear function', 'Tuples in Python are immutable, and their creation methods include using regular brackets or the tuple function. tuples are immutable, creation using regular brackets or the tuple function', 'An example of creating an empty tuple and a tuple using the tuple function is demonstrated, showcasing the immutability of tuples. demonstration of creating an empty tuple and a tuple using the tuple function, showcasing immutability of tuples', 'Accessing elements of a tuple using a for loop is shown as an alternative to modifying the tuple. accessing elements of a tuple using a for loop as an alternative to modifying the tuple']}, {'end': 4363.244, 'start': 4194.068, 'title': 'Python sets and operations', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of sets in python, highlighting that sets are a collection of unordered unique elements and demonstrating operations such as union, intersection, and difference, with an example of creating and manipulating sets in python.', 'duration': 169.176, 'highlights': ['Sets in Python are collections of unique, unordered elements, resembling sets in arithmetic, with operations like intersection, difference, and union.', 'Creating a set in Python involves using curly braces and specifying values, with repeated values being automatically removed, as demonstrated by the example where only 5 out of 8 specified values are present in the set.', 'Demonstrating the addition of values to a set using the add function, showing how 8 is successfully added to the set X.', 'Illustrating the use of union function to find the union of sets X and Y, showcasing both the use of pipeline character and the union function itself.', 'Explaining the usage of intersection function to find the intersection of sets X and Y, showing the result after changing the value from union to intersection.']}], 'duration': 534.154, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW03829090.jpg', 'highlights': ['Introduction to Python dictionaries, creation using flower brackets or the dict function, modifying and deleting values, accessing values using keys or the get function, discussion of tuples, highlighting their immutability and creation methods', 'Sets in Python are collections of unique, unordered elements, resembling sets in arithmetic, with operations like intersection, difference, and union', 'Values of a dictionary can be changed by using keys, and items can be deleted using the pop function, pop item function, or clear function', 'Creating a set in Python involves using curly braces and specifying values, with repeated values being automatically removed, as demonstrated by the example where only 5 out of 8 specified values are present in the set', 'Tuples in Python are immutable, and their creation methods include using regular brackets or the tuple function']}, {'end': 5833.182, 'segs': [{'end': 4560.911, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4536.016, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4542.28, 'text': 'They are used to find the various cost to distance between various data points called as the nodes, and hence find the least path.', 'start': 4536.016, 'duration': 6.264}, {'end': 4550.565, 'text': 'many applications, such as Google Maps, Uber and many more, make use of graphs to find the least distance and increase profits in the best ways.', 'start': 4542.28, 'duration': 8.285}, {'end': 4554.647, 'text': 'hash maps, hash maps, are the same as what dictionaries are in python.', 'start': 4550.565, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 4560.911, 'text': 'They can be used to implement applications such as phone books populate data according to lists and much more.', 'start': 4555.247, 'duration': 5.664}], 'summary': 'Graphs are used to find the least distance between nodes, benefiting applications like google maps and uber.', 'duration': 24.895, 'max_score': 4536.016, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW04536016.jpg'}, {'end': 4601.958, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4573.945, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4579.148, 'text': 'They give a pseudo code for problems and can be implemented in several languages as they are not language specific.', 'start': 4573.945, 'duration': 5.203}, {'end': 4582.529, 'text': 'So how do you write algorithms?', 'start': 4579.968, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 4588.612, 'text': 'algorithms are generally written as a combination of user understandable language and some common programming languages.', 'start': 4582.529, 'duration': 6.083}, {'end': 4590.553, 'text': 'They are commonly written in steps.', 'start': 4589.052, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 4593.574, 'text': 'However, it is not always necessary to do so.', 'start': 4591.233, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 4601.958, 'text': 'There are no distinct rules to formulate algorithms, but you will need to keep the following points in mind figure out what exactly is the problem,', 'start': 4594.531, 'duration': 7.427}], 'summary': 'Algorithms can be implemented in multiple languages and are written in user understandable language and common programming languages, commonly in steps.', 'duration': 28.013, 'max_score': 4573.945, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW04573945.jpg'}, {'end': 5399.735, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5355.447, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5357.908, 'text': 'So I hope you guys have understood all of these three traversals.', 'start': 5355.447, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 5363.278, 'text': "So now moving on to what's the next algorithm, that is, the sorting algorithms.", 'start': 5358.655, 'duration': 4.623}, {'end': 5366.981, 'text': 'sorting algorithms are used to sort data in some given order.', 'start': 5363.278, 'duration': 3.703}, {'end': 5373.125, 'text': 'sorting algorithms can be classified as mud sort, bubble sort, insertion, sort, selection sort or shell sort.', 'start': 5366.981, 'duration': 6.144}, {'end': 5376.087, 'text': 'Please make a note guys that in this session.', 'start': 5374.206, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 5378.889, 'text': "I'll be sorting everything in the ascending order.", 'start': 5376.487, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 5383.552, 'text': "So the first algorithm I'll be discussing in the session is the mud sort algorithm.", 'start': 5379.71, 'duration': 3.842}, {'end': 5387.275, 'text': 'The mud sort algorithm follows the divide and conquer rule.', 'start': 5384.673, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 5396.374, 'text': 'Here a given list of items is first divided into smaller lists until it reaches a point where each list consists exactly of one item.', 'start': 5388.012, 'duration': 8.362}, {'end': 5399.735, 'text': 'by default, a list consisting of one item will be sorted,', 'start': 5396.374, 'duration': 3.361}], 'summary': 'Introduction to sorting algorithms including mud sort and its divide and conquer rule.', 'duration': 44.288, 'max_score': 5355.447, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW05355447.jpg'}], 'start': 4363.244, 'title': 'Python data structures and algorithms', 'summary': 'Covers user-defined data structures including arrays, stacks, queues, trees, link lists, graphs, and hash maps, understanding python algorithms, tree traversal algorithms, and sorting algorithms like merge sort, bubble sort, and insertion sort in python.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4554.647, 'start': 4363.244, 'title': 'User-defined data structures in python', 'summary': 'Covers user-defined data structures in python, including arrays, stacks, queues, trees, link lists, graphs, and hash maps, highlighting their properties and real-world applications.', 'duration': 191.403, 'highlights': ['Arrays in Python can hold multiple values, are mutable, and allow for easy looping and fetching of values, making them versatile for various manipulations.', "Stacks are linear data structures based on the last in, first out principle, with applications in recursive programming and word editors' undo mechanisms.", 'Queues operate on the first in, first out principle, with applications in network buffers for traffic congestion management and job scheduling in operating systems.', 'Trees are nonlinear data structures with roots, nodes, and leaves, creating hierarchies used in applications like HTML pages and efficient searching purposes.', 'Graphs store data points and edges, accurately representing real-world maps and used in applications like Google Maps and Uber to find the least path and increase profits.', 'Hash maps in Python function similarly to dictionaries, providing efficient data storage and retrieval.']}, {'end': 4719.935, 'start': 4555.247, 'title': 'Understanding python algorithms', 'summary': 'Discusses the fundamentals of algorithms in python, including their definition, elements, and classes. it explains the process of writing algorithms, their key components, and the classes of algorithms available for programming.', 'duration': 164.688, 'highlights': ['Algorithms are rules or instructions formulated in finite, sequential order to solve problems and are not language specific. Defines algorithms and their language independence.', 'Writing algorithms involves a combination of user understandable language and common programming languages, commonly written in steps but not always necessary. Explains the process of writing algorithms and their flexibility.', 'Good algorithms need to have finite clear and understandable steps, clear and precise description of inputs and outputs, and should be flexible enough to allow a number of solutions. Outlines the elements of a good algorithm.', 'The three major algorithm classes are divide and conquer, dynamic programming, and greedy algorithm class. Introduces the three major algorithm classes available for programming.', 'Divide and conquer class divides the problem into subparts and solves each of them separately. Explains the process of the divide and conquer algorithm class.']}, {'end': 5354.867, 'start': 4719.935, 'title': 'Tree traversal in python', 'summary': 'Covers tree traversal algorithms in python including in-order, pre-order, and post-order traversal, explaining the concepts and implementing them in code.', 'duration': 634.932, 'highlights': ['In-order Traversal In-order traversal involves visiting the left nodes, then the root, and finally the right nodes, demonstrated in code with the example tree resulting in a traversal order of 4, 2, 5, 1, and 3.', 'Pre-order Traversal Pre-order traversal starts with the root node, followed by the left sub-tree, and then the right sub-tree, illustrated with the example resulting in a traversal order of 1, 2, 4, 5, and 3.', 'Post-order Traversal Post-order traversal begins with the left nodes, then the right nodes, and finally the root, demonstrated with the example resulting in a traversal order of 4, 5, 2, 3, and 1.']}, {'end': 5584.68, 'start': 5355.447, 'title': 'Sorting algorithms - merge sort', 'summary': 'Covered the merge sort algorithm, which follows the divide and conquer rule, and is used to sort data in ascending order by recursively dividing the list, comparing adjacent lists, and reordering them until a single sorted list is obtained.', 'duration': 229.233, 'highlights': ['The merge sort algorithm follows the divide and conquer rule, recursively dividing the list until a single sorted list is obtained.', 'The merge sort function checks if the length of the list is greater than 1, divides the list by 2, sorts both the left and right halves recursively, and creates a new list containing the sorted elements.', 'The detailed explanation of the merge sort algorithm includes defining the left and right lists, iterating over them, placing elements into the sorted list based on comparisons, and merging the sorted sublists to obtain the final sorted list.']}, {'end': 5833.182, 'start': 5585.4, 'title': 'Sorting algorithms overview', 'summary': 'Covers the implementation of merge sort, bubble sort, and insertion sort in python, demonstrating the process and key points of each algorithm with an example of input list and its sorted output.', 'duration': 247.782, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates the implementation of merge sort, bubble sort, and insertion sort in Python, detailing the process and key points of each algorithm. ', 'The program shows the implementation of merge sort, where the input list is split, converted to integers, and then sorted using the merge sort function, resulting in a sorted list. Usage of input function, split function, and merge sort function.', 'The implementation of bubble sort is explained, detailing the comparison algorithm that sorts adjacent elements by swapping them if they are not in order, demonstrating the process with an example list and its sorted output. Explanation of the comparison algorithm and demonstration with an example list.', 'The program explains the insertion sort algorithm, which picks up one element at a time from a list and places it at the correct position, without demonstrating the process with an example. Explanation of the insertion sort algorithm without a demonstration.']}], 'duration': 1469.938, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW04363244.jpg', 'highlights': ['Graphs store data points and edges, accurately representing real-world maps and used in applications like Google Maps and Uber to find the least path and increase profits.', 'The merge sort algorithm follows the divide and conquer rule, recursively dividing the list until a single sorted list is obtained.', 'Writing algorithms involves a combination of user understandable language and common programming languages, commonly written in steps but not always necessary. Explains the process of writing algorithms and their flexibility.', 'The chapter demonstrates the implementation of merge sort, bubble sort, and insertion sort in Python, detailing the process and key points of each algorithm.']}, {'end': 6803.443, 'segs': [{'end': 6140.107, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6109.591, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6112.832, 'text': 'The selection sort algorithm divides a given list into two halves,', 'start': 6109.591, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 6117.354, 'text': 'where the first half will be sorted list and the second half will be an unsorted list.', 'start': 6112.832, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 6122.036, 'text': 'at first, the sorted list is empty and all the elements are present in the unsorted list.', 'start': 6117.354, 'duration': 4.682}, {'end': 6127.218, 'text': 'The selection sort algorithm will look at all the elements present in the unsorted list,', 'start': 6122.976, 'duration': 4.242}, {'end': 6131.6, 'text': 'pick up the element that is supposed to come first and then it places it in the sorted list.', 'start': 6127.218, 'duration': 4.382}, {'end': 6140.107, 'text': 'The step is then repeated by searching the least element present in the unsorted list and it places it next to the first element of the sorted list.', 'start': 6132.642, 'duration': 7.465}], 'summary': 'Selection sort divides list, picks & places least element in sorted list.', 'duration': 30.516, 'max_score': 6109.591, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW06109591.jpg'}, {'end': 6347.167, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6320.891, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6325.294, 'text': 'Now moving on towards the next algorithm, which is the shell sort algorithm.', 'start': 6320.891, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 6329.636, 'text': 'the shell sort algorithm allows you to sort elements that are apart from each other.', 'start': 6325.294, 'duration': 4.342}, {'end': 6337.361, 'text': 'the original sequence of the salt elements follows the n by 2 and by 4 sequence, where n is the number of elements present in the unsorted list.', 'start': 6329.636, 'duration': 7.725}, {'end': 6343.625, 'text': 'For example, if you have a list of 8 elements the length of that list will be divided by 2 for the first iteration.', 'start': 6337.941, 'duration': 5.684}, {'end': 6347.167, 'text': 'As we all know, 8 divided by 2, is 4.', 'start': 6344.486, 'duration': 2.681}], 'summary': 'Shell sort algorithm sorts elements apart from each other using n/2 and n/4 sequences.', 'duration': 26.276, 'max_score': 6320.891, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW06320891.jpg'}, {'end': 6574.98, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6551.19, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6557.553, 'text': 'The linear search algorithm is used to successively search for a given element by comparing it with each element of the given array.', 'start': 6551.19, 'duration': 6.363}, {'end': 6563.276, 'text': 'It is one of the simplest searching algorithms, but very important to understand other searching algorithms.', 'start': 6558.233, 'duration': 5.043}, {'end': 6567.818, 'text': "So what I'm going to do over here is get back to my Jupiter notebook and over here.", 'start': 6564.076, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 6569.577, 'text': "Let's create a heading again.", 'start': 6568.496, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 6574.98, 'text': "I'll call this as searching algorithms.", 'start': 6571.978, 'duration': 3.002}], 'summary': 'Linear search is a simple but important algorithm for searching through arrays.', 'duration': 23.79, 'max_score': 6551.19, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW06551190.jpg'}, {'end': 6682.604, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6660.839, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6669.701, 'text': 'in case I change the value of this to 12 and then I run this program, you see that the key is present in the given list at index number 0..', 'start': 6660.839, 'duration': 8.862}, {'end': 6671.101, 'text': 'So I hope you guys have understood this.', 'start': 6669.701, 'duration': 1.4}, {'end': 6675.622, 'text': 'So now moving on towards the next algorithm, which is the binary search algorithm.', 'start': 6672.021, 'duration': 3.601}, {'end': 6682.604, 'text': 'Binary search is used to search for some given element in a sorted array by making use of the decrease and conquer algorithm.', 'start': 6676.723, 'duration': 5.881}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates finding key 12 at index 0 in a list and introducing binary search algorithm.', 'duration': 21.765, 'max_score': 6660.839, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW06660839.jpg'}], 'start': 5834.861, 'title': 'Sorting and searching algorithms', 'summary': 'Covers sorting algorithms such as for loop sorting and selection sort, resulting in a sorted list with one unsorted element, and also discusses shell sort. it further explains linear and binary search algorithms, including their implementation, comparison, and specific examples showcasing the success and failure of the search operations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6090.071, 'start': 5834.861, 'title': 'Sorting algorithm explanation', 'summary': 'Explains a sorting algorithm using a for loop to sort a list of elements by comparing and swapping them, resulting in a sorted list of 1, 24, 50, and 56, with one unsorted element, 17.', 'duration': 255.21, 'highlights': ['The algorithm uses a for loop to iterate through the list, comparing and swapping elements to sort them.', 'The sorted list after the algorithm is 1, 24, 50, and 56, with one unsorted element, 17.', 'The specific steps involve setting a pointer, comparing the key with elements on the left side, and swapping when necessary.', 'The process involves checking the key with all the values present on the left side to ensure correct placement.']}, {'end': 6530.85, 'start': 6090.071, 'title': 'Sorting algorithms overview', 'summary': 'Discusses the selection sort and shell sort algorithms, with the former dividing a list into sorted and unsorted halves and the latter using a sequence of gaps to compare and sort elements, resulting in ascending order lists.', 'duration': 440.779, 'highlights': ['The selection sort algorithm divides a given list into two halves, where the first half will be sorted list and the second half will be an unsorted list. The selection sort algorithm divides the list into two halves, with the first half being sorted and the second half unsorted.', 'The shell sort algorithm allows you to sort elements that are apart from each other, following the n by 2 and by 4 sequence, where n is the number of elements present in the unsorted list. The shell sort algorithm sorts elements that are apart from each other according to the n by 2 and by 4 sequence, where n is the number of elements in the unsorted list.', 'The sorted list will have 1 and unsorted list will have all the elements which are 34, 23, 67, and 4, resulting in the list being sorted in ascending order. After the selection sort algorithm is executed, the sorted list contains 1, and the unsorted list contains 34, 23, 67, and 4, resulting in an ascending order list.']}, {'end': 6803.443, 'start': 6530.85, 'title': 'Searching algorithms: linear and binary search', 'summary': 'Discusses linear search and binary search algorithms, highlighting the implementation, comparison, and key elements. it includes a demonstration with specific examples, showcasing the success and failure of the search operations.', 'duration': 272.593, 'highlights': ['The linear search algorithm is explained, showcasing its implementation and success and failure scenarios, with a specific example demonstrating the presence and absence of the key element in the list.', 'The binary search algorithm is detailed, emphasizing its implementation and the process of comparing and dividing the array, with specific examples illustrating the presence and absence of the key element in the sorted list.']}], 'duration': 968.582, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW05834861.jpg', 'highlights': ['The binary search algorithm is detailed, emphasizing its implementation and the process of comparing and dividing the array, with specific examples illustrating the presence and absence of the key element in the sorted list.', 'The linear search algorithm is explained, showcasing its implementation and success and failure scenarios, with a specific example demonstrating the presence and absence of the key element in the list.', 'The shell sort algorithm sorts elements that are apart from each other according to the n by 2 and by 4 sequence, where n is the number of elements in the unsorted list.', 'The selection sort algorithm divides a given list into two halves, where the first half will be sorted list and the second half will be an unsorted list.']}, {'end': 8971.461, 'segs': [{'end': 6864.784, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6825.719, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6831.523, 'text': 'It is also an approach used for creating neat and reusable code instead of a redundant one here.', 'start': 6825.719, 'duration': 5.804}, {'end': 6836.446, 'text': 'The program is divided into self-contained objects or several mini programs.', 'start': 6831.803, 'duration': 4.643}, {'end': 6843.631, 'text': 'every individual object represents a different part of the application, having its own logic and data to communicate within themselves.', 'start': 6836.446, 'duration': 7.185}, {'end': 6849.958, 'text': 'So what exactly is the difference between object-oriented programming and procedural oriented programming?', 'start': 6844.395, 'duration': 5.563}, {'end': 6852.799, 'text': 'object-oriented programming has a bottom-up approach.', 'start': 6849.958, 'duration': 2.841}, {'end': 6858.621, 'text': 'Whereas procedural oriented programming has a top-down approach in oops.', 'start': 6853.339, 'duration': 5.282}, {'end': 6860.622, 'text': 'The program is divided into objects.', 'start': 6858.862, 'duration': 1.76}, {'end': 6864.784, 'text': 'Whereas in procedural programming program is divided into functions.', 'start': 6861.183, 'duration': 3.601}], 'summary': 'Object-oriented programming uses self-contained objects, while procedural programming uses functions.', 'duration': 39.065, 'max_score': 6825.719, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW06825719.jpg'}, {'end': 6927.374, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6903.601, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6911.285, 'text': 'So first let us discuss about objects an object is a real-world entity such as a pen book person animal Etc.', 'start': 6903.601, 'duration': 7.684}, {'end': 6914.807, 'text': 'Objects have states and behaviors.', 'start': 6912.186, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 6920.49, 'text': 'in python, everything, such as variables, functions, Etc, are considered to be an object.', 'start': 6914.807, 'duration': 5.683}, {'end': 6927.374, 'text': 'a class, on the other hand, is a collection of objects, or you can say that it is a blueprint of objects defining the common attributes and behaviors.', 'start': 6920.49, 'duration': 6.884}], 'summary': 'In python, everything is an object including variables and functions. classes are blueprints defining common attributes and behaviors.', 'duration': 23.773, 'max_score': 6903.601, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW06903601.jpg'}, {'end': 7058.816, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7034.052, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7040.293, 'text': "Please make a note of your guys that it's mandatory for python class functions to have a self parameter, unlike other languages.", 'start': 7034.052, 'duration': 6.241}, {'end': 7046.814, 'text': 'in Java, self is nothing but a reference to the current instance of the class and it is used to access the class variables.', 'start': 7040.293, 'duration': 6.521}, {'end': 7048.874, 'text': "So I'll just create a class over here.", 'start': 7047.514, 'duration': 1.36}, {'end': 7053.435, 'text': "I'll say class new class.", 'start': 7051.255, 'duration': 2.18}, {'end': 7058.816, 'text': "And within this I'll Define a function and I'll call it as new function.", 'start': 7055.595, 'duration': 3.221}], 'summary': 'Python class functions must have a self parameter for accessing class variables.', 'duration': 24.764, 'max_score': 7034.052, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW07034052.jpg'}, {'end': 7315.694, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7282.463, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 7292.327, 'text': 'So subtract product and divide Let me change the values as well.', 'start': 7282.463, 'duration': 9.864}, {'end': 7307.912, 'text': 'Just say 12 comma 5 product of 32 and 55 and divide 44 by 5 or 15.', 'start': 7294.588, 'duration': 13.324}, {'end': 7314.254, 'text': 'So I have one object that is calling all the functions that are present in the calculating class in case I want to create another object.', 'start': 7307.912, 'duration': 6.342}, {'end': 7315.694, 'text': 'I can do it in a similar manner.', 'start': 7314.354, 'duration': 1.34}], 'summary': 'Performing mathematical operations and creating objects in a calculating class.', 'duration': 33.231, 'max_score': 7282.463, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW07282463.jpg'}, {'end': 7548.16, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7523.896, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 7531.099, 'text': 'So what exactly is inheritance the method of inheriting the properties of a parent class into a child class is known as inheritance.', 'start': 7523.896, 'duration': 7.203}, {'end': 7535.02, 'text': 'It has a number of benefits, such as code reusability,', 'start': 7531.859, 'duration': 3.161}, {'end': 7540.843, 'text': 'where we do not have to write the same code again and again and we can just inherit the properties we need in the child class.', 'start': 7535.02, 'duration': 5.823}, {'end': 7545.325, 'text': 'It also represents a real-world relationship between the parent class and the child class.', 'start': 7541.503, 'duration': 3.822}, {'end': 7548.16, 'text': 'Inheritance is transitive in nature.', 'start': 7546.3, 'duration': 1.86}], 'summary': 'Inheritance allows code reusability and represents real-world relationships between classes.', 'duration': 24.264, 'max_score': 7523.896, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW07523896.jpg'}, {'end': 7704.188, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7676.912, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 7682.615, 'text': 'The first is single inheritance second is multiple third is multilevel and finally hierarchical.', 'start': 7676.912, 'duration': 5.703}, {'end': 7687.481, 'text': 'Single inheritance is when a child class inherits only a single parent class.', 'start': 7683.519, 'duration': 3.962}, {'end': 7692.463, 'text': 'So in the previous example, my child class is inheriting just one parent.', 'start': 7688.441, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 7697.285, 'text': 'This is an example of single inheritance in case of multiple inheritance.', 'start': 7693.103, 'duration': 4.182}, {'end': 7700.247, 'text': 'The child class will inherit more than one parent.', 'start': 7697.745, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 7704.188, 'text': "So what I'm going to do is just copy this I'll paste it over here.", 'start': 7700.927, 'duration': 3.261}], 'summary': 'Types of inheritance: single, multiple, multilevel, hierarchical.', 'duration': 27.276, 'max_score': 7676.912, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW07676912.jpg'}, {'end': 7911.722, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7883.617, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 7890.042, 'text': 'Similarly, you can also have hybrid inheritance hybrid inheritance involves multiple inheritance taking place in a single program.', 'start': 7883.617, 'duration': 6.425}, {'end': 7892.565, 'text': 'So just to show you all an example of this.', 'start': 7891.024, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 7895.027, 'text': "I'll take this code and paste it over here.", 'start': 7893.146, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 7898.19, 'text': "And I'll create another class.", 'start': 7897.089, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 7904.836, 'text': "I'll say child for or else a child 3.", 'start': 7898.691, 'duration': 6.145}, {'end': 7911.722, 'text': 'And this is going to inherit the child class as well as the parents class as you can see over here.', 'start': 7904.836, 'duration': 6.886}], 'summary': 'Hybrid inheritance involves multiple inheritance in a single program, demonstrated by creating a new class inheriting from both child and parent classes.', 'duration': 28.105, 'max_score': 7883.617, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW07883617.jpg'}, {'end': 7974.894, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7943.763, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 7945.705, 'text': "I'll remove these objects since we've seen their output.", 'start': 7943.763, 'duration': 1.942}, {'end': 7951.009, 'text': 'So as you can see I can have multiple inheritance as well.', 'start': 7948.188, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 7957.63, 'text': 'So now talking about the super function the super function in python allows you to call a method from the parent class.', 'start': 7951.849, 'duration': 5.781}, {'end': 7962.791, 'text': "So to show that to you guys what I'm going to do is take the original two classes, which was the parent of the child class.", 'start': 7958.19, 'duration': 4.601}, {'end': 7964.632, 'text': 'I just paste it over here.', 'start': 7963.631, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 7974.894, 'text': "And within this function, I'm going to type in something called as super dot the name of the function that's present in the parent class.", 'start': 7966.272, 'duration': 8.622}], 'summary': "Python's super function allows calling methods from the parent class.", 'duration': 31.131, 'max_score': 7943.763, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW07943763.jpg'}, {'end': 8191.589, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8161.405, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 8167.47, 'text': "Polymorphism like I've already told y'all defines method in a child class that have the same names as the method in the parent class.", 'start': 8161.405, 'duration': 6.065}, {'end': 8172.013, 'text': 'So as discussed in inheritance the child class inherits the methods from the parent class.', 'start': 8167.99, 'duration': 4.023}, {'end': 8177.337, 'text': 'Also, it is possible to redefine a method present in the parent class in the child class.', 'start': 8172.714, 'duration': 4.623}, {'end': 8182.942, 'text': 'This process of re-implementing a method in child class is called as method overriding.', 'start': 8178.318, 'duration': 4.624}, {'end': 8185.244, 'text': "So now let's take an example of that.", 'start': 8183.823, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 8191.589, 'text': "I just define a class called as bird and within this I'll Define a function called as information.", 'start': 8186.025, 'duration': 5.564}], 'summary': 'Polymorphism allows method redefinition in child class, exemplified by bird class.', 'duration': 30.184, 'max_score': 8161.405, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW08161405.jpg'}, {'end': 8311.608, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8271.237, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 8274.401, 'text': "Now let's move on towards encapsulation.", 'start': 8271.237, 'duration': 3.164}, {'end': 8279.905, 'text': 'encapsulation deals with binding up the data together with the code that is used to work on that data.', 'start': 8274.401, 'duration': 5.504}, {'end': 8285.849, 'text': 'this not just makes our code clear, but it also helps in preventing data from being modified as well.', 'start': 8279.905, 'duration': 5.944}, {'end': 8289.712, 'text': 'in oops, a classic example of encapsulation is a class.', 'start': 8285.849, 'duration': 3.863}, {'end': 8294.376, 'text': 'a class encapsulates all the data and the code, such as variables, methods, Etc.', 'start': 8289.712, 'duration': 4.664}, {'end': 8298.679, 'text': 'Data that is encapsulated can have three types of access specifiers.', 'start': 8295.057, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 8302.187, 'text': 'in oops, These access specifiers are protected.', 'start': 8298.679, 'duration': 3.508}, {'end': 8307.259, 'text': 'private and public members having public access specifiers are visible throughout the code.', 'start': 8302.187, 'duration': 5.072}, {'end': 8311.608, 'text': 'Protected members are visible just within the class and the subclasses.', 'start': 8308.027, 'duration': 3.581}], 'summary': 'Encapsulation in oop includes class encapsulation, access specifiers, and data protection.', 'duration': 40.371, 'max_score': 8271.237, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW08271236.jpg'}, {'end': 8388.242, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8354.522, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 8356.484, 'text': 'This is why they are considered to be private.', 'start': 8354.522, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 8361.606, 'text': 'They are accessible outside the class, but less is the chance of a clash.', 'start': 8357.044, 'duration': 4.562}, {'end': 8367.368, 'text': 'mangling in python is achieved by prefixing any such name with an extra underscore and the class name.', 'start': 8361.606, 'duration': 5.762}, {'end': 8369.648, 'text': 'this intern provides an effective namespace.', 'start': 8367.368, 'duration': 2.28}, {'end': 8374.191, 'text': "So in case I have a class named parent, so I'll just say hash.", 'start': 8370.609, 'duration': 3.582}, {'end': 8380.753, 'text': 'Parent and if this parent contains a member with a double underscore.', 'start': 8376.231, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 8388.242, 'text': "so I'll just say underscore, double underscore, private member at the compile time.", 'start': 8380.753, 'duration': 7.489}], 'summary': 'In python, private members are achieved using a double underscore prefix, providing an effective namespace.', 'duration': 33.72, 'max_score': 8354.522, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW08354522.jpg'}, {'end': 8485.106, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8427.148, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 8429.109, 'text': 'So I hope you guys are getting this.', 'start': 8427.148, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 8438.694, 'text': 'the names of members proceeding with a double underscore are mangled such that you have an underscore followed by the name of the class and then the name of the member that has a double underscore.', 'start': 8429.109, 'duration': 9.585}, {'end': 8447.368, 'text': "So what I'm going to do over here is I'll define a class say a and within this I'll call the init method.", 'start': 8439.334, 'duration': 8.034}, {'end': 8452.871, 'text': 'Through this init method.', 'start': 8451.89, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 8456.133, 'text': "I'm going to invoke the so-called private method.", 'start': 8453.131, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 8459.676, 'text': "So therefore I'll have self dot double underscore.", 'start': 8456.754, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 8462.177, 'text': 'Hi, the name of my method is high.', 'start': 8460.096, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 8469.282, 'text': "I'll declare another method called as hello world.", 'start': 8464.739, 'duration': 4.543}, {'end': 8474.94, 'text': 'So this method is just going to print hello world.', 'start': 8472.799, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 8481.424, 'text': "So here I've declared a method named hi, but I've not defined it.", 'start': 8478.002, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 8483.425, 'text': "So I'll just define underscore.", 'start': 8481.484, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 8485.106, 'text': 'Hi, sorry double underscore.', 'start': 8483.465, 'duration': 1.641}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating the use of private methods within a class in python.', 'duration': 57.958, 'max_score': 8427.148, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW08427148.jpg'}, {'end': 8726.908, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8685.903, 'weight': 16, 'content': [{'end': 8690.664, 'text': 'saying child object has no attribute named underscore child double underscore double.', 'start': 8685.903, 'duration': 4.761}, {'end': 8697.446, 'text': 'So in case you want to execute this all you have to do is just type in the name of the base class preceded by an underscore.', 'start': 8691.385, 'duration': 6.061}, {'end': 8700.887, 'text': "So I'll say underscore base and then I'll hit run.", 'start': 8697.506, 'duration': 3.381}, {'end': 8706.009, 'text': 'So as you can see now both the functions have been executed using the object of the child class.', 'start': 8701.608, 'duration': 4.401}, {'end': 8713.907, 'text': 'So I hope you guys are clear with this now moving on towards the final topic of this session, which is data abstraction in python.', 'start': 8706.775, 'duration': 7.132}, {'end': 8718.975, 'text': 'So abstraction basically means to show the necessary data and hide the implementation details.', 'start': 8714.588, 'duration': 4.387}, {'end': 8723.847, 'text': 'This not just increases the efficiency of the code, but it also reduces its complexity.', 'start': 8719.565, 'duration': 4.282}, {'end': 8726.908, 'text': 'For example, consider your washing machines.', 'start': 8724.467, 'duration': 2.441}], 'summary': 'Python code executed successfully with data abstraction explained', 'duration': 41.005, 'max_score': 8685.903, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW08685903.jpg'}, {'end': 8777.869, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8749.733, 'weight': 19, 'content': [{'end': 8753.075, 'text': 'Any class that contains an abstract method is called as an abstract class.', 'start': 8749.733, 'duration': 3.342}, {'end': 8758.498, 'text': 'So what exactly are abstract methods abstract methods are those methods.', 'start': 8754.076, 'duration': 4.422}, {'end': 8762.16, 'text': 'We just have names but do not actually contain any function definition.', 'start': 8758.598, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 8766.262, 'text': 'So that means that you declare an abstract class, but you do not define it.', 'start': 8762.92, 'duration': 3.342}, {'end': 8770.125, 'text': 'These functions are also called as unimplemented methods.', 'start': 8767.263, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 8775.027, 'text': 'Therefore an abstract method does not have any body in Python.', 'start': 8770.765, 'duration': 4.262}, {'end': 8777.869, 'text': 'This can be achieved by making use of the pass keyword.', 'start': 8775.287, 'duration': 2.582}], 'summary': 'An abstract class in python contains unimplemented methods, achieved using the pass keyword.', 'duration': 28.136, 'max_score': 8749.733, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW08749733.jpg'}, {'end': 8873.977, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8843.961, 'weight': 18, 'content': [{'end': 8849.543, 'text': 'So the bank class is going to inherit the ABC class in case you want to know what this ABC class does.', 'start': 8843.961, 'duration': 5.582}, {'end': 8855.266, 'text': "I just add in a kernel over here and I'll say help on ABC.", 'start': 8849.924, 'duration': 5.342}, {'end': 8862.989, 'text': 'So as you can see this is a helper class that provides a standard way to create an ABC using inheritance.', 'start': 8857.227, 'duration': 5.762}, {'end': 8864.51, 'text': 'So now moving on.', 'start': 8863.77, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 8870.935, 'text': "I'll define two functions having bank name and the self parameter.", 'start': 8865.43, 'duration': 5.505}, {'end': 8873.977, 'text': 'I just print the name of the bank.', 'start': 8872.736, 'duration': 1.241}], 'summary': 'Bank class inherits abc class for creating a helper class with standard inheritance, defining functions for bank name.', 'duration': 30.016, 'max_score': 8843.961, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW08843961.jpg'}], 'start': 6804.324, 'title': 'Python object-oriented programming', 'summary': 'Explains python object-oriented programming (oop) concepts, including the init method, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and data abstraction, with practical examples and code demonstrations for creating reusable and organized code.', 'chapters': [{'end': 7361.193, 'start': 6804.324, 'title': 'Object-oriented programming in python', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of object-oriented programming (oop) in python, highlighting its key features and differences from procedural programming, showcasing the creation and usage of classes, objects, and methods through code examples, and demonstrating the implementation of oop principles for creating reusable and organized code.', 'duration': 556.869, 'highlights': ['Object-Oriented Programming vs Procedural Programming Object-oriented programming has a bottom-up approach, supports access modifiers, inheritance, and provides more security compared to procedural programming, which follows a top-down approach, does not support inheritance, and lacks access modifiers.', 'Classes and Objects in Python Classes serve as blueprints for objects, facilitating code reusability and organization, while objects represent real-world entities with states and behaviors.', 'Creation and Usage of Classes and Objects Demonstrates the creation and usage of classes and objects, emphasizing the logical grouping of data within a class to enable easy code reusability and showcasing the invocation of functions through objects.', "Implementation of Methods in Python Classes Explains the significance of methods as functions defining object attributes and behaviors in Python classes, highlighting the mandatory 'self' parameter and its usage for accessing class variables.", 'Demonstration of OOP Principles through Code Examples Illustrates the application of OOP principles by creating a class to perform arithmetic operations using multiple objects, highlighting the reusability and independence of objects and methods.']}, {'end': 7882.496, 'start': 7362.013, 'title': 'Python init method and object-oriented programming', 'summary': 'Explains the init method in python, its use in creating objects of a class, and discusses object-oriented programming methodologies including inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction, with examples of each type of inheritance.', 'duration': 520.483, 'highlights': ['The init method in Python is always executed whenever a class is initiated and is used in real-world applications. The init method in Python is always executed whenever a class is initiated and is used in real-world applications.', 'Inheritance, the method of inheriting the properties of a parent class into a child class, has benefits such as code reusability and represents a real-world relationship between the parent class and the child class. Inheritance, the method of inheriting the properties of a parent class into a child class, has benefits such as code reusability and represents a real-world relationship between the parent class and the child class.', 'Types of inheritance include single inheritance, multiple inheritance, multilevel inheritance, and hierarchical inheritance, each with specific characteristics and examples provided for each type. Types of inheritance include single inheritance, multiple inheritance, multilevel inheritance, and hierarchical inheritance, each with specific characteristics and examples provided for each type.']}, {'end': 8270.377, 'start': 7883.617, 'title': 'Python oop: inheritance, super function, and polymorphism', 'summary': 'Covers python oop concepts including hybrid inheritance, the super function for calling a method from the parent class, and the concept of polymorphism with examples of method overriding and redefining methods in child classes.', 'duration': 386.76, 'highlights': ['Hybrid Inheritance Hybrid inheritance involves multiple inheritance taking place in a single program, allowing a class to inherit from more than one class, demonstrating multiple inheritance and its implementation in Python.', 'Super Function for Calling a Method from the Parent Class The super function in Python allows calling a method from the parent class, demonstrating how to use the super function to access the function present in the parent class and the benefits of using it for method calls.', 'Polymorphism and Method Overriding Polymorphism is defined as the ability to take different forms, and method overriding is demonstrated through examples, showing how a child class can redefine the methods of the parent class and the concept of polymorphism along with inheritance.']}, {'end': 8452.871, 'start': 8271.237, 'title': 'Encapsulation in python', 'summary': 'Discusses encapsulation in python, covering the concept of binding data and code, access specifiers, privacy model in python, and the use of preceding single and double underscores for mangling and creating effective namespaces.', 'duration': 181.634, 'highlights': ['Encapsulation deals with binding up the data together with the code that is used to work on that data, making the code clear and preventing data from being modified. Encapsulation in Python involves binding data and code together to ensure code clarity and prevent data modification.', 'In Python, there are no truly private or protected attributes, and names with preceding double underscores are mangled to protect them from clashes with inherited classes, providing effective namespaces. Python lacks true private or protected attributes; names with double underscores are mangled to prevent clashes with inherited classes, creating effective namespaces.', 'Members with names preceding double underscores are mangled by prefixing them with an extra underscore and the class name, providing an effective namespace to reduce the chance of a clash. Members with names preceding double underscores are mangled by adding an extra underscore and the class name, reducing the chance of clashes and providing effective namespaces.', 'Access specifiers in OOPs include public, protected, and private members, where public members are visible throughout the code, protected members are visible within the class and subclasses, and private members are only visible inside the class. Access specifiers in OOPs include public, protected, and private members with specific visibility rules.', 'Subclasses are allowed to define their own private members, which are accessible outside the class but have a reduced chance of a clash, contributing to effective encapsulation. Subclasses can define their own private members, which are accessible outside the class with a reduced chance of clash, contributing to effective encapsulation.']}, {'end': 8706.009, 'start': 8453.131, 'title': 'Python private method and inheritance example', 'summary': 'Demonstrates the use of private methods in python through examples, showcasing the invocation of a double underscore method and the inheritance of methods with single and double underscores.', 'duration': 252.878, 'highlights': ["The chapter showcases the invocation of a double underscore method. The transcript demonstrates the creation and invocation of a method named 'high' with double underscore in a Python class, showing how it can be accessed through the 'init' method and the need to specify the double underscore when calling it directly.", 'The inheritance of methods with single and double underscores is illustrated. The transcript presents examples of class inheritance in Python, demonstrating how methods with single and double underscores are inherited, executed, and accessed in child classes, with the need to use underscore notation for double underscore methods.']}, {'end': 8971.461, 'start': 8706.775, 'title': 'Data abstraction in python', 'summary': 'Covers the concept of data abstraction in python, emphasizing the importance of hiding implementation details to increase code efficiency and reduce complexity. it explains the use of abstract classes and methods, demonstrates implementation using the abc module, and provides a practical example through creating a bank class with abstract methods and a child class to redefine the abstract method.', 'duration': 264.686, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the concept of data abstraction in Python, emphasizing the importance of hiding implementation details to increase code efficiency and reduce complexity. Data abstraction is explained as showing necessary data while hiding implementation details, leading to increased code efficiency and reduced complexity.', 'It explains the use of abstract classes and methods, demonstrates implementation using the ABC module, and provides a practical example through creating a Bank class with abstract methods and a child class to redefine the abstract method. Explanation of abstract classes and methods, demonstration of implementation using the ABC module, and a practical example of creating a Bank class with abstract methods and a child class to redefine the abstract method.', 'Abstraction can be achieved by creating abstract classes and abstract methods, which are methods containing only names without function definitions. Creating abstract classes and abstract methods is essential for achieving abstraction, where abstract methods contain only names without function definitions.']}], 'duration': 2167.137, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/lFlKyGygoW0/pics/lFlKyGygoW06804324.jpg', 'highlights': ['Object-Oriented Programming vs Procedural Programming has a bottom-up approach, supports access modifiers, inheritance, and provides more security compared to procedural programming', 'Classes serve as blueprints for objects, facilitating code reusability and organization, while objects represent real-world entities with states and behaviors', 'Demonstrates the creation and usage of classes and objects, emphasizing the logical grouping of data within a class to enable easy code reusability and showcasing the invocation of functions through objects', "Explains the significance of methods as functions defining object attributes and behaviors in Python classes, highlighting the mandatory 'self' parameter and its usage for accessing class variables", 'Illustrates the application of OOP principles by creating a class to perform arithmetic operations using multiple objects, highlighting the reusability and independence of objects and methods', 'Inheritance, the method of inheriting the properties of a parent class into a child class, has benefits such as code reusability and represents a real-world relationship between the parent class and the child class', 'Types of inheritance include single inheritance, multiple inheritance, multilevel inheritance, and hierarchical inheritance, each with specific characteristics and examples provided for each type', 'Hybrid inheritance involves multiple inheritance taking place in a single program, allowing a class to inherit from more than one class, demonstrating multiple inheritance and its implementation in Python', 'The super function in Python allows calling a method from the parent class, demonstrating how to use the super function to access the function present in the parent class and the benefits of using it for method calls', 'Polymorphism is defined as the ability to take different forms, and method overriding is demonstrated through examples, showing how a child class can redefine the methods of the parent class and the concept of polymorphism along with inheritance', 'Encapsulation in Python involves binding data and code together to ensure code clarity and prevent data modification', 'Python lacks true private or protected attributes; names with double underscores are mangled to prevent clashes with inherited classes, creating effective namespaces', 'Members with names preceding double underscores are mangled by adding an extra underscore and the class name, reducing the chance of clashes and providing effective namespaces', 'Access specifiers in OOPs include public, protected, and private members with specific visibility rules', 'Subclasses can define their own private members, which are accessible outside the class with a reduced chance of clash, contributing to effective encapsulation', "The chapter showcases the invocation of a double underscore method, demonstrating the creation and invocation of a method named 'high' with double underscore in a Python class", 'The transcript presents examples of class inheritance in Python, demonstrating how methods with single and double underscores are inherited, executed, and accessed in child classes, with the need to use underscore notation for double underscore methods', 'Data abstraction is explained as showing necessary data while hiding implementation details, leading to increased code efficiency and reduced complexity', 'Explanation of abstract classes and methods, demonstration of implementation using the ABC module, and a practical example of creating a Bank class with abstract methods and a child class to redefine the abstract method', 'Creating abstract classes and abstract methods is essential for achieving abstraction, where abstract methods contain only names without function definitions']}], 'highlights': ['Python developers are among the highest-paid professionals globally, with average entry-level salaries of approximately 5 lakh INR in India and 88 K in the US per year as of June 2019.', 'Python code can be up to 10 times shorter than that of other languages such as C, C++, and Java, making it more efficient.', "Python's popularity is evident from its active community, extensive libraries for machine learning and data science, versatility, and accessibility, making it the top choice for big data and cloud applications.", 'Key projects such as Google, YouTube, Dropbox, Instagram, and BitTorrent rely heavily on Python, showcasing its widespread adoption and impact in various domains.', 'The tutorial provides comprehensive learning on Python, covering its birth history, major projects, installation process, naming conventions, data types, flow control, functions, data structures, algorithms, OOPs, and file handling, highlighting the extensive coverage of Python.', "Python's features such as being an interpreted language, cross-platform compatibility, integration with other languages, and being free and open-source contribute to its appeal and versatility as a programming language.", 'Python 3.7 is recommended due to lack of support for Python 2.7.', 'Downloading Python 3.7 is important as Python 2.7 no longer has support.', "Python's naming conventions include lowercase names for methods and instance variables, uppercase for class names and constants, and using underscore to separate words in names.", 'Loops in Python enable the repetitive execution of a block of code, reducing the effort required for tasks like printing payroll details for each employee separately.', 'Flow control in Python is achieved through loops, conditional statements, and function calls, providing flexibility in program execution.', 'The for loop in Python is a for in Loop, used to execute statements for each item in the sequence, such as a list, dictionary, set, or string.', 'The while loop in Python executes a set of statements as long as the condition is true, requiring initialization, condition specification, and iterator incrementation to avoid infinite looping.', 'Python comes equipped with numerous built-in functions that are always available for use, and additional libraries or modules can be added to access predefined functions.', 'User-defined functions are defined by the user to achieve specific tasks, providing customizability and control over function behavior.', 'Introduction to Python dictionaries, creation using flower brackets or the dict function, modifying and deleting values, accessing values using keys or the get function, discussion of tuples, highlighting their immutability and creation methods', 'Sets in Python are collections of unique, unordered elements, resembling sets in arithmetic, with operations like intersection, difference, and union', 'Graphs store data points and edges, accurately representing real-world maps and used in applications like Google Maps and Uber to find the least path and increase profits.', 'The merge sort algorithm follows the divide and conquer rule, recursively dividing the list until a single sorted list is obtained.', 'The binary search algorithm is detailed, emphasizing its implementation and the process of comparing and dividing the array, with specific examples illustrating the presence and absence of the key element in the sorted list.', 'Object-Oriented Programming vs Procedural Programming has a bottom-up approach, supports access modifiers, inheritance, and provides more security compared to procedural programming', 'Classes serve as blueprints for objects, facilitating code reusability and organization, while objects represent real-world entities with states and behaviors', 'Inheritance, the method of inheriting the properties of a parent class into a child class, has benefits such as code reusability and represents a real-world relationship between the parent class and the child class', 'Encapsulation in Python involves binding data and code together to ensure code clarity and prevent data modification', 'Members with names preceding double underscores are mangled by adding an extra underscore and the class name, reducing the chance of clashes and providing effective namespaces', 'Access specifiers in OOPs include public, protected, and private members with specific visibility rules', 'Data abstraction is explained as showing necessary data while hiding implementation details, leading to increased code efficiency and reduced complexity']}