title
Database Normalization in SQL - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, 4NF - SQL Training Online

description
Database Normal Forms with Examples. In this video I show you how to normalize your relational database. What is covered: --1st Normal Form and Atomic Values --2nd Normal Form and Partial Dependence --3rd Normal Form and Transitive Dependence --4th Normal Form and Multi-Value Facts I start with smaller examples for 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and 4NF. Then I move into a more comprehensive example that uses all of the normal forms together. TABLE OF CONTENTS 00:00 - Intro 01:07 - 1st Normal Form 4:18 - 2nd Normal Form 9:44 - 3rd Normal Form 13:50 - 4th Normal Form 17:33 - Normalizing Customer Orders 20:35 - Customer Table (2NF) 21:55 - Product Table (2NF) 24:20 - Order Header vs Order Lines 29:05 - Product Table (3NF) 31:25 - Customer Table (1NF, 4NF) DOWNLOAD THE EXCEL FILE HERE http://www.sqltrainingonline.com/SQLNormalizationExcel READ THE ORIGINAL ARTICLE WITH EXCEL FILE HERE http://www.sqltrainingonline.com/sql-database-normalization/ YOUTUBE NEWS UPDATES http://www.youtube.com/user/sqltrainingonline VISIT SQLTRAININGONLINE.COM FOR VIDEOS & TIPS http://www.sqltrainingonline.com SUBSCRIBE FOR OTHER SQL TIPS AND NEWS! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=sqltrainingonline SUBSCRIBE TO OUR EMAIL LIST! http://www.sqltrainingonline.com LET'S CONNECT! Facebook: http://facebook.com/SQLTrainingOnline Twitter: http://twitter.com/sql_by_joey Linkedin: http://linkedin.com/in/joeyblue SQLTrainingOnline: http://www.sqltrainingonline.com

detail
{'title': 'Database Normalization in SQL - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, 4NF - SQL Training Online', 'heatmap': [{'end': 302.564, 'start': 258.345, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': 'Covers database normalization concepts, including first to fourth normal forms, with examples illustrating atomic values, composite keys, partial dependence, and transitive dependence. it emphasizes the benefits of reducing data redundancy and achieving improved data integrity through normalization.', 'chapters': [{'end': 268.851, 'segs': [{'end': 104.139, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.089, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1.731, 'text': "Today we're going to talk about normalization.", 'start': 0.089, 'duration': 1.642}, {'end': 3.994, 'text': 'First, second, third, and fourth normal forms.', 'start': 1.991, 'duration': 2.003}, {'end': 7.018, 'text': "And we're going to transform this table into this.", 'start': 4.715, 'duration': 2.303}, {'end': 14.923, 'text': "OK, so let's start doing our normal forms.", 'start': 12.341, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 22.089, 'text': 'I have an example here with a sporting goods company that sells baseball, basketball, and golf equipment.', 'start': 15.524, 'duration': 6.565}, {'end': 25.091, 'text': 'This table here is a customer order table.', 'start': 22.789, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 29.034, 'text': 'And the first thing I want to start with, though,', 'start': 25.791, 'duration': 3.243}, {'end': 34.458, 'text': "is some small examples where I've broken this table down so we can understand the different concepts.", 'start': 29.034, 'duration': 5.424}, {'end': 38.101, 'text': "So there are four normal forms we're going to go over.", 'start': 35.739, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 41.343, 'text': 'They each have their own little definitions.', 'start': 39.622, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 49.511, 'text': 'The first normal form has a big definition, but really what you need to pay attention to is it has to do with atomic values.', 'start': 42.845, 'duration': 6.666}, {'end': 51.673, 'text': "And I'll tell you what that is in just a second.", 'start': 50.051, 'duration': 1.622}, {'end': 56.277, 'text': 'Second normal form has to do with composite keys and partial dependence.', 'start': 52.133, 'duration': 4.144}, {'end': 60.499, 'text': 'Third normal form has to do with transitive dependence.', 'start': 57.678, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 64.84, 'text': 'And the fourth normal form has to do with multi-value facts.', 'start': 61.319, 'duration': 3.521}, {'end': 66.8, 'text': "So let's get started.", 'start': 65.92, 'duration': 0.88}, {'end': 68.141, 'text': 'First normal form.', 'start': 67.36, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 77.783, 'text': "So these are little pieces of our big table that explain or that show some of the issues that we'll have with first normal form.", 'start': 68.741, 'duration': 9.042}, {'end': 82.649, 'text': "So example number one, and we're dealing with atomic values here.", 'start': 78.263, 'duration': 4.386}, {'end': 86.354, 'text': 'So what that means is in example number one, you have two columns.', 'start': 83.109, 'duration': 3.245}, {'end': 90.018, 'text': 'You have a customer column and you have a customer address column.', 'start': 86.374, 'duration': 3.644}, {'end': 96.146, 'text': 'First normal form says you cannot store two different things in the same column.', 'start': 91.28, 'duration': 4.866}, {'end': 104.139, 'text': "So in this case, we've got the customer address and we've got the customer email address all in that same column.", 'start': 97.634, 'duration': 6.505}], 'summary': "Today's discussion covers normalization and the four normal forms, including examples and key concepts.", 'duration': 104.05, 'max_score': 0.089, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/l5DCnCzDb8g/pics/l5DCnCzDb8g89.jpg'}, {'end': 273.994, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 244.687, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 248.73, 'text': "Bob Smith now has three rows, one for each catalog that he's going to get.", 'start': 244.687, 'duration': 4.043}, {'end': 251.951, 'text': "And Bill Smith has two, one for each catalog he's going to get.", 'start': 249.49, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 256.214, 'text': 'So first, normal form has to do with atomic values.', 'start': 252.852, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 264.509, 'text': 'Now we move on to second normal form, and it has to do with composite keys and partial dependence.', 'start': 258.345, 'duration': 6.164}, {'end': 268.851, 'text': 'So composite keys, you first have to understand what that means.', 'start': 265.249, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 273.994, 'text': 'That means that it takes more than one column to make the uniqueness of the row.', 'start': 269.612, 'duration': 4.382}], 'summary': 'Bob has 3 catalogs, bill has 2. normal form and composite keys explained.', 'duration': 29.307, 'max_score': 244.687, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/l5DCnCzDb8g/pics/l5DCnCzDb8g244687.jpg'}], 'start': 0.089, 'title': 'Database normalization basics', 'summary': 'Covers the concepts of first, second, third, and fourth normal forms in database normalization using examples, focusing on atomic values, composite keys, partial dependence, transitive dependence, and multi-value facts. furthermore, it explains the concept of first normal form in databases, using examples to demonstrate the need for separating multi-value attributes into separate rows and columns to satisfy the normalization requirement, highlighting the process of breaking down atomic values and addressing composite keys and partial dependence in second normal form.', 'chapters': [{'end': 77.783, 'start': 0.089, 'title': 'Database normalization basics', 'summary': 'Covers the concepts of first, second, third, and fourth normal forms in database normalization using examples, focusing on atomic values, composite keys, partial dependence, transitive dependence, and multi-value facts.', 'duration': 77.694, 'highlights': ['Explains the concepts of first, second, third, and fourth normal forms in database normalization. ', 'Focuses on atomic values, composite keys, partial dependence, transitive dependence, and multi-value facts in the context of database normalization. ', "Provides an example of a sporting goods company's customer order table to illustrate the concepts. "]}, {'end': 268.851, 'start': 78.263, 'title': 'Understanding normalization in databases', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of first normal form in databases, using examples to demonstrate the need for separating multi-value attributes into separate rows and columns to satisfy the normalization requirement, highlighting the process of breaking down atomic values and addressing composite keys and partial dependence in second normal form.', 'duration': 190.588, 'highlights': ['The importance of first normal form in databases is demonstrated through examples of separating multi-value attributes into separate rows and columns, ensuring that each column contains atomic values (e.g., customer address and email address are separated into individual columns to satisfy first normal form).', "The process of breaking down atomic values is exemplified by separating multi-value facts into separate rows, ensuring that each row contains a single value (e.g., Bob Smith's subscription to basketball and baseball email newsletters is represented by two separate rows, satisfying first normal form).", 'Addressing composite keys and partial dependence in second normal form is introduced, highlighting the need for understanding composite keys and their role in database normalization.']}], 'duration': 268.762, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/l5DCnCzDb8g/pics/l5DCnCzDb8g89.jpg', 'highlights': ['Explains the concepts of first, second, third, and fourth normal forms in database normalization.', 'Focuses on atomic values, composite keys, partial dependence, transitive dependence, and multi-value facts in the context of database normalization.', "Provides an example of a sporting goods company's customer order table to illustrate the concepts.", 'The importance of first normal form in databases is demonstrated through examples of separating multi-value attributes into separate rows and columns, ensuring that each column contains atomic values.', 'The process of breaking down atomic values is exemplified by separating multi-value facts into separate rows, ensuring that each row contains a single value.', 'Addressing composite keys and partial dependence in second normal form is introduced, highlighting the need for understanding composite keys and their role in database normalization.']}, {'end': 496.884, 'segs': [{'end': 296.541, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 269.612, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 273.994, 'text': 'That means that it takes more than one column to make the uniqueness of the row.', 'start': 269.612, 'duration': 4.382}, {'end': 280.002, 'text': "So in this case, we have the orders table, and I've simplified it quite a bit.", 'start': 275.396, 'duration': 4.606}, {'end': 287.472, 'text': 'The order needs the customer, the product, and the date to make a unique row.', 'start': 280.783, 'duration': 6.689}, {'end': 290.957, 'text': 'In this case, Bob Smith ordered two things.', 'start': 288.874, 'duration': 2.083}, {'end': 296.541, 'text': 'he ordered a basketball and a bat on the same day.', 'start': 291.738, 'duration': 4.803}], 'summary': 'Orders table requires customer, product, and date for uniqueness. bob smith ordered a basketball and a bat on the same day.', 'duration': 26.929, 'max_score': 269.612, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/l5DCnCzDb8g/pics/l5DCnCzDb8g269612.jpg'}, {'end': 352.104, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 324.519, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 329.308, 'text': 'Do you need all three columns to determine the customer address? No.', 'start': 324.519, 'duration': 4.789}, {'end': 333.791, 'text': 'The only thing you need to know the customer address is going to be customer.', 'start': 329.869, 'duration': 3.922}, {'end': 337.974, 'text': 'So the customer address depends just on the customer.', 'start': 334.512, 'duration': 3.462}, {'end': 342.537, 'text': 'It does not depend on the product and it does not depend on the order date.', 'start': 339.335, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 345.179, 'text': 'So that is called partial dependence.', 'start': 343.138, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 352.104, 'text': "So this customer address has partial dependence and it's not satisfying second normal form.", 'start': 345.479, 'duration': 6.625}], 'summary': 'Customer address depends only on customer, not on product or order date. it exhibits partial dependence and does not satisfy the second normal form.', 'duration': 27.585, 'max_score': 324.519, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/l5DCnCzDb8g/pics/l5DCnCzDb8g324519.jpg'}, {'end': 444.129, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 416.038, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 421.163, 'text': "so in order to break this out, we're going to end up with multiple tables.", 'start': 416.038, 'duration': 5.125}, {'end': 431.112, 'text': "and so what i've done here is i've grabbed the customer column and i put it right here i grab the product column, put it here, i grab the order date.", 'start': 421.163, 'duration': 9.949}, {'end': 435.346, 'text': 'So we know those are our primary key, our primary composite key.', 'start': 431.704, 'duration': 3.642}, {'end': 438.287, 'text': 'And then we know quantity still belongs in our table.', 'start': 436.206, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 440.728, 'text': 'So it stayed in our main customer order table.', 'start': 438.327, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 444.129, 'text': 'But we need to do something with address.', 'start': 442.048, 'duration': 2.081}], 'summary': 'Multiple tables created with customer, product, order date as primary composite keys, quantity remains in main table, address to be addressed separately.', 'duration': 28.091, 'max_score': 416.038, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/l5DCnCzDb8g/pics/l5DCnCzDb8g416038.jpg'}, {'end': 496.884, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 461.846, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 470.23, 'text': 'Okay, so now we have a customer table whose primary key is customer, the customer name in this case, and their address is only in there once.', 'start': 461.846, 'duration': 8.384}, {'end': 480.435, 'text': "So the way it was before, before we satisfied second normal form, if Bob Smith's address changed, we would have had to update it multiple times.", 'start': 471.411, 'duration': 9.024}, {'end': 486.998, 'text': 'We would have had to update it everywhere that he ordered, for every line that he ordered, for every product that he ordered.', 'start': 480.835, 'duration': 6.163}, {'end': 488.739, 'text': 'on every day that he ordered.', 'start': 487.698, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 491.481, 'text': "And so that's a lot of updates for one address.", 'start': 489.239, 'duration': 2.242}, {'end': 493.382, 'text': 'We pulled this address out.', 'start': 492.261, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 496.884, 'text': "When Bob Smith changes his address it changes in one spot and we're done.", 'start': 493.522, 'duration': 3.362}], 'summary': "Normalization process reduces redundant data, bob smith's address updated once, improving efficiency.", 'duration': 35.038, 'max_score': 461.846, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/l5DCnCzDb8g/pics/l5DCnCzDb8g461846.jpg'}], 'start': 269.612, 'title': 'Database normalization and address management', 'summary': 'Covers composite keys, partial dependence, fixing normalization issues, and address management, emphasizing the benefits of reducing data redundancy and achieving improved data integrity through normalization. it also discusses the restructuring of tables to achieve normalization and the identification of columns that violate the second normal form. an example of an orders table illustrating the concept of composite keys and partial dependence is provided.', 'chapters': [{'end': 345.179, 'start': 269.612, 'title': 'Composite key and partial dependence', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of composite keys and partial dependence in database tables, using an example of an orders table where the uniqueness of a row is determined by the combination of customer, product, and date, and how partial dependence is identified in the context of these columns.', 'duration': 75.567, 'highlights': ['The uniqueness of a row in the orders table is determined by the combination of customer, product, and date, making it a composite key.', 'Partial dependence is illustrated with the example of customer address, which only depends on the customer and not the entire key.', "Understanding partial dependence involves identifying the columns that aren't part of the key and determining their dependence, such as the customer address depending solely on the customer."]}, {'end': 440.728, 'start': 345.479, 'title': 'Fixing database normalization issues', 'summary': 'Discusses fixing partial dependence and second normal form issues in a database, identifying columns that violate the second normal form, and restructuring the tables to achieve normalization, resulting in the creation of multiple tables.', 'duration': 95.249, 'highlights': ['Identifying partial dependence and violation of second normal form: The customer address and product manufacturer columns exhibit partial dependence and violation of the second normal form, requiring removal and restructuring to achieve normalization.', 'Analyzing dependency of columns: The product manufacturer depends only on the product, while the quantity depends on the full key of customer, product, and order date, determining their placement in the tables to satisfy the second normal form.', 'Restructuring tables for normalization: The restructuring involves creating multiple tables and organizing the customer, product, and order date as the primary composite key, while retaining the quantity in the main customer order table to achieve normalization.']}, {'end': 496.884, 'start': 442.048, 'title': 'Database normalization and address management', 'summary': 'Discusses the process of normalizing a database and address management, highlighting the benefits of reducing data redundancy and the efficiency of address updates, resulting in streamlined data management and improved data integrity.', 'duration': 54.836, 'highlights': ['The process of normalizing the database and separating customer addresses into their own tables is highlighted, emphasizing the reduction of data redundancy and improving data integrity.', "The efficiency of address updates is emphasized, showcasing the streamlined process of updating a customer's address in one spot, reducing the need for multiple updates across various records and orders."]}], 'duration': 227.272, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/l5DCnCzDb8g/pics/l5DCnCzDb8g269612.jpg', 'highlights': ['The restructuring involves creating multiple tables and organizing the customer, product, and order date as the primary composite key, while retaining the quantity in the main customer order table to achieve normalization.', 'The uniqueness of a row in the orders table is determined by the combination of customer, product, and date, making it a composite key.', 'The process of normalizing the database and separating customer addresses into their own tables is highlighted, emphasizing the reduction of data redundancy and improving data integrity.', "The efficiency of address updates is emphasized, showcasing the streamlined process of updating a customer's address in one spot, reducing the need for multiple updates across various records and orders.", "Understanding partial dependence involves identifying the columns that aren't part of the key and determining their dependence, such as the customer address depending solely on the customer."]}, {'end': 821.066, 'segs': [{'end': 527.76, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 497.404, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 502.988, 'text': 'We have to update multiple spots and so you get rid of the update anomalies that you may have.', 'start': 497.404, 'duration': 5.584}, {'end': 510.495, 'text': "Now, what do we do with product manufacturer? Well, we pulled it out also, and it's got the same issue.", 'start': 504.19, 'duration': 6.305}, {'end': 512.296, 'text': 'I need to get rid of the multiple lines here.', 'start': 510.535, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 516.019, 'text': 'There should be one line per product in this table.', 'start': 513.357, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 520.722, 'text': 'What we have here is something that satisfies second normal form.', 'start': 516.659, 'duration': 4.063}, {'end': 527.76, 'text': 'So where we have a composite key, The only columns we have in there depend on the whole key.', 'start': 521.523, 'duration': 6.237}], 'summary': 'Update multiple spots to remove update anomalies, ensuring one line per product and satisfying second normal form.', 'duration': 30.356, 'max_score': 497.404, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/l5DCnCzDb8g/pics/l5DCnCzDb8g497404.jpg'}, {'end': 648.261, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 571.095, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 577.042, 'text': "it's done in one spot and you don't have to worry about updates and deletes and those types of problems.", 'start': 571.095, 'duration': 5.947}, {'end': 584.31, 'text': 'So that is second normal form, composite keys and partial dependence.', 'start': 578.363, 'duration': 5.947}, {'end': 590.089, 'text': 'Third normal form now, is about transitive dependence.', 'start': 584.911, 'duration': 5.178}, {'end': 594.89, 'text': 'So transitive dependence, the dependence is there.', 'start': 591.509, 'duration': 3.381}, {'end': 599.652, 'text': 'And in this case, I want to use an example of the product table.', 'start': 595.951, 'duration': 3.701}, {'end': 605.194, 'text': 'So back on over here, we had a product table and I just had two columns, product and product manufacturer.', 'start': 599.712, 'duration': 5.482}, {'end': 611.259, 'text': 'Well, now I went ahead and added the product manufacturer address, the product details, the product cost.', 'start': 606.034, 'duration': 5.225}, {'end': 612.62, 'text': "So that's all in there.", 'start': 611.599, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 618.985, 'text': "So what we want to look at now for third normal form, we've got a single key.", 'start': 613.28, 'duration': 5.705}, {'end': 621.987, 'text': 'So this is a primary key, the product is.', 'start': 620.066, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 627.252, 'text': 'And we need to see if everything directly relates to it.', 'start': 622.888, 'duration': 4.364}, {'end': 633.394, 'text': 'So for third normal form, you have to satisfy first normal form and second normal form.', 'start': 629.292, 'duration': 4.102}, {'end': 638.697, 'text': "Well, first normal form is satisfied because we don't have any other non-atomic columns.", 'start': 633.414, 'duration': 5.283}, {'end': 639.997, 'text': 'Every column only stores one thing.', 'start': 638.737, 'duration': 1.26}, {'end': 646.741, 'text': "Second normal form is satisfied because we don't even have a composite key.", 'start': 642.158, 'duration': 4.583}, {'end': 648.261, 'text': 'So everything relates to the key.', 'start': 646.781, 'duration': 1.48}], 'summary': 'Database normalization involves second and third normal forms, ensuring data integrity and reducing redundancy.', 'duration': 77.166, 'max_score': 571.095, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/l5DCnCzDb8g/pics/l5DCnCzDb8g571095.jpg'}, {'end': 772.566, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 749.628, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 758.755, 'text': 'the table is if we had 50 products manufactured by Rawlings, we would have to update their address 50 times if they made a change in address.', 'start': 749.628, 'duration': 9.127}, {'end': 762.918, 'text': "Those are the types of things we're trying to get rid of with normalization.", 'start': 760.036, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 772.566, 'text': "So in this case, what we're going to do is we're going to separate the manufacturer out from the product table.", 'start': 763.679, 'duration': 8.887}], 'summary': 'Normalizing data by separating manufacturer from product table to avoid updating multiple addresses.', 'duration': 22.938, 'max_score': 749.628, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/l5DCnCzDb8g/pics/l5DCnCzDb8g749628.jpg'}], 'start': 497.404, 'title': 'Database normalization process', 'summary': 'Discusses the process of database normalization, focusing on achieving second and third normal forms, eliminating update anomalies, and ensuring data integrity through composite keys and transitive dependence. it also provides a specific example of basketball manufacturers and their products.', 'chapters': [{'end': 673.891, 'start': 497.404, 'title': 'Database normalization process', 'summary': 'Discusses the process of database normalization, focusing on achieving second and third normal forms by eliminating update anomalies and ensuring data integrity through composite keys and transitive dependence.', 'duration': 176.487, 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the importance of achieving second normal form by eliminating update anomalies and ensuring one line per product in a table.', 'The process involves breaking out partial dependence into separate tables and establishing primary and foreign keys for efficient data management.', 'Furthermore, it explains the concept of third normal form by ensuring that all data directly relates to the primary key, demonstrating the satisfaction of first and second normal forms.', 'The example of a product table is used to illustrate the implementation of third normal form by ensuring that all attributes directly relate to the primary key.']}, {'end': 821.066, 'start': 673.891, 'title': 'Database normalization process', 'summary': 'Discusses the process of database normalization, highlighting the concept of transitive dependence and the need for third normal form, aiming to eliminate redundant data and minimize update anomalies in the database. the transcript provides an explanation using a specific example of basketball manufacturers and their products.', 'duration': 147.175, 'highlights': ['The process of database normalization is explained through the concept of transitive dependence and the need for third normal form to eliminate redundant data and minimize update anomalies in the database.', "The example of basketball manufacturers and their products is used to illustrate the challenges of redundant data, such as listing the manufacturer's address multiple times for different products, leading to the need for normalization.", 'The demonstration includes separating the manufacturer from the product table, creating a separate table for manufacturers, and establishing a relationship between the product table and the manufacturer table to avoid redundant data and update anomalies.']}], 'duration': 323.662, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/l5DCnCzDb8g/pics/l5DCnCzDb8g497404.jpg', 'highlights': ['The process involves breaking out partial dependence into separate tables and establishing primary and foreign keys for efficient data management.', 'The example of a product table is used to illustrate the implementation of third normal form by ensuring that all attributes directly relate to the primary key.', 'The process of database normalization is explained through the concept of transitive dependence and the need for third normal form to eliminate redundant data and minimize update anomalies in the database.', 'The demonstration includes separating the manufacturer from the product table, creating a separate table for manufacturers, and establishing a relationship between the product table and the manufacturer table to avoid redundant data and update anomalies.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of achieving second normal form by eliminating update anomalies and ensuring one line per product in a table.', 'Furthermore, it explains the concept of third normal form by ensuring that all data directly relates to the primary key, demonstrating the satisfaction of first and second normal forms.']}, {'end': 1426.604, 'segs': [{'end': 1108.514, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1032.944, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1036.926, 'text': 'What I want to do is just go through the thought process of how I would normalize this table.', 'start': 1032.944, 'duration': 3.982}, {'end': 1042.43, 'text': "So I don't usually think in terms of first normal form, second normal form, third normal form, fourth normal form.", 'start': 1037.267, 'duration': 5.163}, {'end': 1048.333, 'text': "I usually think in terms of dependence and the grain of what I'm looking at.", 'start': 1043.089, 'duration': 5.244}, {'end': 1053.435, 'text': "Let's start and just walk through this example.", 'start': 1050.193, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 1061.238, 'text': 'So the first thing we need to do is identify what this table, what the key or the primary key is of this table.', 'start': 1053.715, 'duration': 7.523}, {'end': 1067.981, 'text': "Well, in this case, the guess is it's going to be the same as the orders table that we did our example on.", 'start': 1062.138, 'duration': 5.843}, {'end': 1075.464, 'text': 'So we have the customer, we have the product, and then we have the order date.', 'start': 1068.901, 'duration': 6.563}, {'end': 1078.785, 'text': "So I'm going to highlight those columns.", 'start': 1077.484, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 1093.245, 'text': "Now let's make sure that they are primary keys, right? So we've got on customer, we've got Bob Smith, we got Jill Thomas, and we got Bob Smith again.", 'start': 1080.057, 'duration': 13.188}, {'end': 1101.67, 'text': 'Now the first thing that comes up is that Bob Smith in this case may be a different person than I think he is.', 'start': 1093.765, 'duration': 7.905}, {'end': 1104.972, 'text': 'So what we need to do is get some uniqueness on our customer.', 'start': 1101.73, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 1108.514, 'text': 'So what we can do is add a new customer ID.', 'start': 1105.952, 'duration': 2.562}], 'summary': 'The thought process of normalizing a table based on key and dependence, adding a new customer id for uniqueness.', 'duration': 75.57, 'max_score': 1032.944, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/l5DCnCzDb8g/pics/l5DCnCzDb8g1032944.jpg'}], 'start': 822.367, 'title': 'Fourth normal form', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of fourth normal form and demonstrates its application through a detailed example, emphasizing the process of normalizing tables and identifying primary and foreign keys.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1426.604, 'start': 822.367, 'title': 'Understanding fourth normal form', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of fourth normal form and demonstrates its application through a detailed example, emphasizing the process of normalizing tables and identifying primary and foreign keys.', 'duration': 604.237, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the concept of fourth normal form and its application through a detailed example. The focus is on the process of normalizing tables and identifying primary and foreign keys.', 'The primary key of a table is identified as the combination of customer, product, and order date. The process involves identifying and establishing the primary key for a table.', 'The necessity of ensuring uniqueness in the customer and product columns is illustrated through the addition of unique IDs for both. The importance of ensuring uniqueness in key columns is highlighted, with the addition of unique IDs for customer and product columns.', 'The process of breaking down tables based on dependence is emphasized, with specific focus on customer and product-related attributes. The approach of table normalization based on dependence, particularly focusing on attributes related to customer and product, is detailed.']}], 'duration': 604.237, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/l5DCnCzDb8g/pics/l5DCnCzDb8g822367.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the concept of fourth normal form and its application through a detailed example. The focus is on the process of normalizing tables and identifying primary and foreign keys.', 'The primary key of a table is identified as the combination of customer, product, and order date. The process involves identifying and establishing the primary key for a table.', 'The necessity of ensuring uniqueness in the customer and product columns is illustrated through the addition of unique IDs for both. The importance of ensuring uniqueness in key columns is highlighted, with the addition of unique IDs for customer and product columns.', 'The process of breaking down tables based on dependence is emphasized, with specific focus on customer and product-related attributes. The approach of table normalization based on dependence, particularly focusing on attributes related to customer and product, is detailed.']}, {'end': 2122.319, 'segs': [{'end': 1521.141, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1454.631, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1463.877, 'text': 'do we really need order date with the product ID? So what we really have here is like line items of an order.', 'start': 1454.631, 'duration': 9.246}, {'end': 1470.861, 'text': "And so there's one more step we can take on this customer orders table.", 'start': 1465.718, 'duration': 5.143}, {'end': 1478.29, 'text': 'And we can actually call this the customer line order lines.', 'start': 1471.942, 'duration': 6.348}, {'end': 1480.471, 'text': "That's what we're really looking at.", 'start': 1478.31, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 1485.374, 'text': 'And on the order lines we have a quantity of one and we have the product.', 'start': 1481.312, 'duration': 4.062}, {'end': 1490.216, 'text': 'But the order date applies to the full order, not just the order lines.', 'start': 1486.434, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 1493.718, 'text': "So I'm thinking we need to separate out and have an orders table.", 'start': 1491.016, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 1514.438, 'text': 'And if we do that, the customer orders table, now we can have a customer order ID And we can start grouping these up.', 'start': 1499.26, 'duration': 15.178}, {'end': 1521.141, 'text': "And so before I do that, I'm going to actually insert a customer order ID so you can see this.", 'start': 1514.718, 'duration': 6.423}], 'summary': 'Proposing to separate orders and order lines, adding customer order id for grouping.', 'duration': 66.51, 'max_score': 1454.631, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/l5DCnCzDb8g/pics/l5DCnCzDb8g1454631.jpg'}, {'end': 1992.798, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1964.994, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1979.333, 'text': 'So we know from our prior exercise on fourth normal form that we need to separate this out into two tables with the primary key and then a foreign key on email subscriptions.', 'start': 1964.994, 'duration': 14.339}, {'end': 1983.275, 'text': 'so in this case we need to do it twice.', 'start': 1979.333, 'duration': 3.942}, {'end': 1986.956, 'text': "we know we're gonna have this part of the table by itself.", 'start': 1983.275, 'duration': 3.681}, {'end': 1991.018, 'text': 'this is our customer table.', 'start': 1986.956, 'duration': 4.062}, {'end': 1992.798, 'text': "I'll drop that right here.", 'start': 1991.018, 'duration': 1.78}], 'summary': 'Data needs to be separated into two tables with primary and foreign keys for email subscriptions, to be done twice.', 'duration': 27.804, 'max_score': 1964.994, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/l5DCnCzDb8g/pics/l5DCnCzDb8g1964994.jpg'}, {'end': 2106.244, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2076.842, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2082.466, 'text': 'We have customer order lines, we have customer orders, we have products and customer tables,', 'start': 2076.842, 'duration': 5.624}, {'end': 2089.35, 'text': 'we have the email subscriptions and the mail catalog split out and then we also have the product manufacturers split from the products table.', 'start': 2082.466, 'duration': 6.884}, {'end': 2097.356, 'text': 'So we went through the first second third and fourth normal forms We actually took a pretty complex table and broke it down into multiple tables.', 'start': 2090.19, 'duration': 7.166}, {'end': 2106.244, 'text': 'We went from This table here all the way back to these tables, broken down in normal forms.', 'start': 2097.977, 'duration': 8.267}], 'summary': 'Normalized a complex table into multiple tables, reaching fourth normal form.', 'duration': 29.402, 'max_score': 2076.842, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/l5DCnCzDb8g/pics/l5DCnCzDb8g2076842.jpg'}], 'start': 1428.103, 'title': 'Restructuring database tables', 'summary': 'Discusses restructuring the customer orders table, separating order lines and order dates, and introducing a customer order id, resulting in a more organized and detailed database structure. it also explains the process of database normalization, breaking down a complex table into multiple tables through first, second, third, and fourth normal forms, emphasizing the importance of foreign keys and primary keys.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1562.467, 'start': 1428.103, 'title': 'Restructuring customer orders table', 'summary': 'Discusses restructuring the customer orders table, separating order lines and order dates, and introducing a customer order id, resulting in a more organized and detailed database structure.', 'duration': 134.364, 'highlights': ['Introducing a customer order ID and separating order lines and order dates results in a more organized database structure, enhancing data management and retrieval processes.', 'The order date applies to the full order, not just the order lines, prompting the need to separate and introduce an orders table.', 'The customer orders table is transformed into customer order lines, with each line representing a product in an order, and the introduction of a customer order ID enables better grouping and management of orders.']}, {'end': 2122.319, 'start': 1563.187, 'title': 'Database normalization process', 'summary': 'Explains the process of database normalization, breaking down a complex table into multiple tables through first, second, third, and fourth normal forms, emphasizing the importance of foreign keys and primary keys.', 'duration': 559.132, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the process of database normalization, emphasizing the importance of foreign keys and primary keys in breaking down a complex table into multiple tables through first, second, third, and fourth normal forms.', 'The transcript demonstrates the identification and utilization of foreign keys and primary keys, highlighting the process of breaking down a complex table into multiple tables through first, second, third, and fourth normal forms.', 'The speaker emphasizes the importance of foreign keys and primary keys in the process of breaking down a complex table into multiple tables through first, second, third, and fourth normal forms, ensuring data integrity and efficiency in database management.']}], 'duration': 694.216, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/l5DCnCzDb8g/pics/l5DCnCzDb8g1428103.jpg', 'highlights': ['Introducing a customer order ID and separating order lines and order dates results in a more organized database structure, enhancing data management and retrieval processes.', 'The customer orders table is transformed into customer order lines, with each line representing a product in an order, and the introduction of a customer order ID enables better grouping and management of orders.', 'The order date applies to the full order, not just the order lines, prompting the need to separate and introduce an orders table.', 'The chapter discusses the process of database normalization, emphasizing the importance of foreign keys and primary keys in breaking down a complex table into multiple tables through first, second, third, and fourth normal forms.', 'The speaker emphasizes the importance of foreign keys and primary keys in the process of breaking down a complex table into multiple tables through first, second, third, and fourth normal forms, ensuring data integrity and efficiency in database management.', 'The transcript demonstrates the identification and utilization of foreign keys and primary keys, highlighting the process of breaking down a complex table into multiple tables through first, second, third, and fourth normal forms.']}], 'highlights': ['The process of normalizing the database and separating customer addresses into their own tables is highlighted, emphasizing the reduction of data redundancy and improving data integrity.', 'The restructuring involves creating multiple tables and organizing the customer, product, and order date as the primary composite key, while retaining the quantity in the main customer order table to achieve normalization.', 'The example of a product table is used to illustrate the implementation of third normal form by ensuring that all attributes directly relate to the primary key.', 'The chapter covers the concept of fourth normal form and its application through a detailed example. The focus is on the process of normalizing tables and identifying primary and foreign keys.', 'Introducing a customer order ID and separating order lines and order dates results in a more organized database structure, enhancing data management and retrieval processes.']}