title
Python for Beginners - Learn Python in 1 Hour

description
This Python tutorial for beginners show how to get started with Python quickly. Learn to code in 1 hour! Watch this tutorial get started! 🔥 Want to master Python? Get my Python mastery course: http://bit.ly/35BLHHP 👍 Subscribe for more Python tutorials like this: https://goo.gl/6PYaGF 📕 Get my FREE Python cheat sheet: http://bit.ly/2Gp80s6 Courses: https://codewithmosh.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/moshhamedani Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/programmingwithmosh/ Blog: http://programmingwithmosh.com #Python, #MachineLearning, #WebDevelopment 📔 Python Exercises for Beginners: https://goo.gl/1XnQB1 ⭐ My Favorite Python Books - Python Crash Course: https://amzn.to/2GqMdjG - Automate the Boring Stuff with Python: https://amzn.to/2N71d6S - A Smarter Way to Learn Python: https://amzn.to/2UZa6lE - Machine Learning for Absolute Beginners: https://amzn.to/2Gs0koL - Hands-on Machine Learning with scikit-learn and TensorFlow: https://amzn.to/2IdUuJy TABLE OF CONTENT 0:00:00 Introduction 0:00:30 What You Can Do With Python 0:01:15 Your First Python Program 0:05:30 Variables 0:09:08 Receiving Input 0:10:48 Type Conversion 0:18:49 Strings 0:23:41 Arithmetic Operators 0:25:59 Operator Precedence 0:27:11 Comparison Operators 0:28:52 Logical Operators 0:31:06 If Statements 0:36:16 Exercise 0:41:42 While Loops 0:45:11 Lists 0:48:47 List Methods 0:52:16 For Loops 0:54:54 The range() Function 0:57:43 Tuples

detail
{'title': 'Python for Beginners - Learn Python in 1 Hour', 'heatmap': [{'end': 259.509, 'start': 180.324, 'weight': 0.818}, {'end': 578.111, 'start': 539.559, 'weight': 0.856}, {'end': 685.401, 'start': 610.869, 'weight': 0.894}, {'end': 946.162, 'start': 861.553, 'weight': 1}, {'end': 1232.332, 'start': 1189.502, 'weight': 0.768}, {'end': 1481.047, 'start': 1403.803, 'weight': 0.709}, {'end': 2203.301, 'start': 2159.23, 'weight': 0.863}, {'end': 2708.518, 'start': 2663.838, 'weight': 0.756}, {'end': 2994.097, 'start': 2952.808, 'weight': 0.843}, {'end': 3070.865, 'start': 3028.933, 'weight': 0.772}, {'end': 3470.141, 'start': 3425.254, 'weight': 0.707}], 'summary': 'Learn python in 1 hour with a versatile introduction showcasing its use in data science, machine learning, and web development, along with practical examples covering python setup, basics, string manipulation, arithmetic operations, if statements, weight converter program, while loops, lists manipulation, and range manipulation, promoting a comprehensive python course.', 'chapters': [{'end': 75.181, 'segs': [{'end': 75.181, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 19.989, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 23.631, 'text': "I'm Mosh Hamadani, and I've taught millions of people how to code through this channel.", 'start': 19.989, 'duration': 3.642}, {'end': 27.294, 'text': "If you're new here, make sure to subscribe as I upload new videos every week.", 'start': 23.912, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 29.135, 'text': "Now, let's jump in and get started.", 'start': 27.654, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 33.685, 'text': 'All right, before we get started, let me give you some ideas about what you can do with Python.', 'start': 30.282, 'duration': 3.403}, {'end': 35.107, 'text': "That's a very common question.", 'start': 33.825, 'duration': 1.282}, {'end': 40.111, 'text': 'Python is a multipurpose programming language, so you can use it for a variety of different tasks.', 'start': 35.727, 'duration': 4.384}, {'end': 42.674, 'text': 'You can use Python for machine learning and AI.', 'start': 40.592, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 46.637, 'text': 'In fact, Python is the number one language for machine learning and data science projects.', 'start': 42.914, 'duration': 3.723}, {'end': 49.18, 'text': 'Python is also very popular in web development.', 'start': 46.938, 'duration': 2.242}, {'end': 53.344, 'text': 'Using Python and a framework called Django, you can build amazing websites.', 'start': 49.7, 'duration': 3.644}, {'end': 56.046, 'text': 'Here are five websites powered with Python and Django.', 'start': 53.584, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 60.71, 'text': 'YouTube, Instagram, Spotify, Dropbox, and Pinterest.', 'start': 56.566, 'duration': 4.144}, {'end': 62.731, 'text': 'You can also use Python in automation.', 'start': 61.05, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 68.315, 'text': 'With Python, you can save your time and increase your productivity by automating repetitive tasks.', 'start': 63.031, 'duration': 5.284}, {'end': 75.181, 'text': 'So why are you learning Python? Are you learning it for automation, for data science, or web development? Let me know in the comments section below.', 'start': 68.696, 'duration': 6.485}], 'summary': 'Mosh hamadani teaches millions how to code. python is popular for machine learning, data science, web development, and automation. youtube, instagram, spotify, dropbox, and pinterest are powered by python and django.', 'duration': 55.192, 'max_score': 19.989, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C819989.jpg'}], 'start': 2.318, 'title': "Python's versatility", 'summary': 'Provides an introduction to python, emphasizing its versatility for data science, machine learning, and web development, and its use by popular platforms like youtube, instagram, spotify, dropbox, and pinterest.', 'chapters': [{'end': 75.181, 'start': 2.318, 'title': 'Python programming: everything you need to know', 'summary': 'Provides an introduction to python, highlighting its versatility for data science, machine learning, and web development, and its use by popular platforms such as youtube, instagram, spotify, dropbox, and pinterest.', 'duration': 72.863, 'highlights': ['Python is the number one language for machine learning and data science projects, and is also very popular in web development, with platforms like YouTube, Instagram, Spotify, Dropbox, and Pinterest being powered by Python and Django.', 'Python can be used for automation to save time and increase productivity by automating repetitive tasks.', 'Mosh Hamadani, an experienced instructor, has taught millions of learners how to code through his channel.']}], 'duration': 72.863, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C82318.jpg', 'highlights': ['Python is the number one language for machine learning and data science projects, and is also very popular in web development, with platforms like YouTube, Instagram, Spotify, Dropbox, and Pinterest being powered by Python and Django.', 'Python can be used for automation to save time and increase productivity by automating repetitive tasks.', 'Mosh Hamadani, an experienced instructor, has taught millions of learners how to code through his channel.']}, {'end': 637.613, 'segs': [{'end': 105.269, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 80.16, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 86.268, 'text': 'the first thing i want you to do is to head over to python.org to download the latest version of python.', 'start': 80.16, 'duration': 6.108}, {'end': 89.613, 'text': 'so you go to downloads and select the latest version of python.', 'start': 86.268, 'duration': 3.345}, {'end': 96.066, 'text': 'here in your downloads folder, you should see this package.', 'start': 93.325, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 98.006, 'text': 'simply double click it.', 'start': 96.066, 'duration': 1.94}, {'end': 100.407, 'text': "you're going to see this python installer.", 'start': 98.006, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 105.269, 'text': "if you're on windows, you will see this checkbox over here add python to path.", 'start': 100.407, 'duration': 4.862}], 'summary': 'Download the latest version of python from python.org and add to path on windows.', 'duration': 25.109, 'max_score': 80.16, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C880160.jpg'}, {'end': 259.509, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 131.382, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 133.924, 'text': 'We use a code editor to write our code and execute it.', 'start': 131.382, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 137.306, 'text': 'The most popular code editor for python is pycharm.', 'start': 134.364, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 140.709, 'text': 'You can get it from jetbrains.com slash pycharm.', 'start': 137.787, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 144.212, 'text': 'So on this page, click on download.', 'start': 141.39, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 147.468, 'text': 'you should see two different editions.', 'start': 146.087, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 153.674, 'text': 'one is the professional edition, which is commercial, and we also have this community edition, which is free and open source.', 'start': 147.468, 'duration': 6.206}, {'end': 156.136, 'text': "So we're going to download the community edition.", 'start': 154.194, 'duration': 1.942}, {'end': 168.377, 'text': "Now in your downloads folder, you should have this package, let's double click it, if you're on windows, you're going to see an installation wizard.", 'start': 159.899, 'duration': 8.478}, {'end': 171.639, 'text': 'So simply click on the next button until you install PyCharm.', 'start': 168.597, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 177.002, 'text': "If you're on a Mac, you need to drag this PyCharm and drop it onto the applications folder.", 'start': 172.259, 'duration': 4.743}, {'end': 181.765, 'text': "Now, let's open it.", 'start': 180.324, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 186.207, 'text': 'The first time you open PyCharm, you have to configure a few settings.', 'start': 183.125, 'duration': 3.082}, {'end': 192.531, 'text': "We don't want to spend time on this, so over here, you're going to click on skip remaining and set defaults.", 'start': 186.627, 'duration': 5.904}, {'end': 200.551, 'text': "Now let's create a new project, over here we can specify the location and the name of our python project.", 'start': 194.383, 'duration': 6.168}, {'end': 204.656, 'text': "So, let's append hello world to this path.", 'start': 201.072, 'duration': 3.584}, {'end': 207.74, 'text': 'This is where our python project is going to be saved.', 'start': 205.257, 'duration': 2.483}, {'end': 213.057, 'text': "So let's click on create this window.", 'start': 208.241, 'duration': 4.816}, {'end': 215.379, 'text': 'you can see the content of our project.', 'start': 213.057, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 217.361, 'text': "so here's our hello world project.", 'start': 215.379, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 223.105, 'text': 'currently we have only one folder inside this project that is vn, which is short for virtual environment.', 'start': 217.361, 'duration': 5.744}, {'end': 225.567, 'text': "we'll talk about virtual environments in the future.", 'start': 223.105, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 229.209, 'text': "so currently we don't have any python files inside this project.", 'start': 225.567, 'duration': 3.642}, {'end': 234.433, 'text': 'a real application can consist of tens or hundreds or even thousands of python files.', 'start': 229.209, 'duration': 5.224}, {'end': 239.737, 'text': "so let's right click on the project name and go to new python file.", 'start': 234.433, 'duration': 5.304}, {'end': 244.335, 'text': "we're going to call this file app Now.", 'start': 239.737, 'duration': 4.598}, {'end': 246.957, 'text': 'we can collapse this project window by clicking on this icon.', 'start': 244.335, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 250.701, 'text': "So now we have more space, let's write our first python code.", 'start': 247.678, 'duration': 3.023}, {'end': 259.509, 'text': "We're going to write print all in lower case, then add parenthesis, then add quotes, either single quotes or double quotes.", 'start': 251.281, 'duration': 8.228}], 'summary': 'Get pycharm from jetbrains.com/pycharm, download and install the community edition, then configure a new project and write python code.', 'duration': 76.358, 'max_score': 131.382, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C8131382.jpg'}, {'end': 359.421, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 316.92, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 319.706, 'text': "So here's the hello word message printed in the terminal window.", 'start': 316.92, 'duration': 2.786}, {'end': 325.097, 'text': 'Now as you learn more Python, you will learn how to build applications that have a graphical user interface.', 'start': 320.307, 'duration': 4.79}, {'end': 328.103, 'text': "That's an advanced topic, so for now, let's not worry about it.", 'start': 325.518, 'duration': 2.585}, {'end': 336.835, 'text': "now let's talk about variables.", 'start': 335.075, 'duration': 1.76}, {'end': 341.097, 'text': "we use variables to temporarily store data in a computer's memory.", 'start': 336.835, 'duration': 4.262}, {'end': 346.938, 'text': "for example, we can store the price of a product or someone's name, their email, their age and so on.", 'start': 341.097, 'duration': 5.841}, {'end': 348.758, 'text': 'let me show you so.', 'start': 346.938, 'duration': 1.82}, {'end': 354.24, 'text': "to declare a variable, we start by typing a name for that variable, let's say age.", 'start': 348.758, 'duration': 5.482}, {'end': 359.421, 'text': "then we add an equal sign and then we type a value, let's say 20..", 'start': 354.24, 'duration': 5.181}], 'summary': 'Python tutorial covering variable declaration and storage of data.', 'duration': 42.501, 'max_score': 316.92, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C8316920.jpg'}, {'end': 578.111, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 539.559, 'weight': 0.856, 'content': [{'end': 542.58, 'text': 'I want you to declare a few variables to store these values.', 'start': 539.559, 'duration': 3.021}, {'end': 545.682, 'text': 'Use the comment box below to share your code with others.', 'start': 543.101, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 555.671, 'text': "In this tutorial I'm going to show you how to receive input from the user.", 'start': 552.648, 'duration': 3.023}, {'end': 563.358, 'text': 'So in python we have another built in function called input, we use this to read a value from the terminal window, let me show you.', 'start': 556.331, 'duration': 7.027}, {'end': 573.887, 'text': 'So, we add parenthesis, then we type a string, here we can type a message like what is your name? We add a question mark followed by a space.', 'start': 563.938, 'duration': 9.949}, {'end': 576.149, 'text': 'You will see why we need this space in a second.', 'start': 574.348, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 578.111, 'text': "So let's run this program.", 'start': 576.73, 'duration': 1.381}], 'summary': 'Tutorial on using python input function to receive user input.', 'duration': 38.552, 'max_score': 539.559, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C8539559.jpg'}, {'end': 640.235, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 610.869, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 613.051, 'text': 'Now we can print a greeting message for this user.', 'start': 610.869, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 615.173, 'text': 'So we use the print function.', 'start': 613.511, 'duration': 1.662}, {'end': 620.083, 'text': 'we say hello, we add a space.', 'start': 616.721, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 624.145, 'text': 'now after this string we want to add the value of the name variable.', 'start': 620.083, 'duration': 4.062}, {'end': 627.928, 'text': 'so we use a plus sign and then type name.', 'start': 624.145, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 635.552, 'text': 'what we are doing here is called string concatenation, so we are combining this string with another string.', 'start': 627.928, 'duration': 7.624}, {'end': 637.613, 'text': "now let's run our program and see what happens.", 'start': 635.552, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 640.235, 'text': 'so what is your name, mosh?', 'start': 637.613, 'duration': 2.622}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating string concatenation in python with a greeting message.', 'duration': 29.366, 'max_score': 610.869, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C8610869.jpg'}], 'start': 80.16, 'title': 'Python setup and basics', 'summary': "Covers setting up python and pycharm, emphasizing checking 'add python to path', downloading the latest version from python.org, and installing pycharm. additionally, it delves into python basics such as using print function, declaring variables, and receiving input, highlighting the use of quotes for textual data, and demonstrating string concatenation for greeting messages.", 'chapters': [{'end': 250.701, 'start': 80.16, 'title': 'Setting up python and pycharm', 'summary': "Describes the process of setting up python by downloading the latest version from python.org, ensuring 'add python to path' is checked, and installing pycharm, the most popular code editor for python, and creating a new project.", 'duration': 170.541, 'highlights': ['The most popular code editor for python is pycharm.', 'Download the latest version of python from python.org.', "Ensure 'add python to path' is checked during installation.", 'Install PyCharm by following the installation wizard.', 'Create a new project and specify the location and name of the python project.']}, {'end': 637.613, 'start': 251.281, 'title': 'Python basics: strings, print, and variables', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of python programming, including using print function to output messages, declaring and using variables to store data, and receiving input from the user using the input function. it also emphasizes the importance of using quotes for textual data and demonstrates the use of string concatenation for greeting messages.', 'duration': 386.332, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the basics of Python programming, including using print function to output messages, declaring and using variables to store data, and receiving input from the user using the input function.', 'Emphasizes the importance of using quotes for textual data and demonstrates the use of string concatenation for greeting messages.', 'Demonstrates declaring variables and assigning values, as well as changing the value of a variable, with examples of storing numerical, string, and boolean values.']}], 'duration': 557.453, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C880160.jpg', 'highlights': ['Download the latest version of python from python.org.', "Ensure 'add python to path' is checked during installation.", 'The most popular code editor for python is pycharm.', 'Install PyCharm by following the installation wizard.', 'Create a new project and specify the location and name of the python project.', 'The chapter covers the basics of Python programming, including using print function to output messages, declaring and using variables to store data, and receiving input from the user using the input function.', 'Emphasizes the importance of using quotes for textual data and demonstrates the use of string concatenation for greeting messages.', 'Demonstrates declaring variables and assigning values, as well as changing the value of a variable, with examples of storing numerical, string, and boolean values.']}, {'end': 1106.167, 'segs': [{'end': 694.227, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 637.613, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 640.235, 'text': 'so what is your name, mosh?', 'start': 637.613, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 643.276, 'text': 'now we get this message hello, mosh.', 'start': 640.235, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 645.918, 'text': 'so this is how we can use the input function in python.', 'start': 643.276, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 654.653, 'text': "you'll learn about the three types of data in Python.", 'start': 652.312, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 658.374, 'text': 'We have numbers, strings, and booleans.', 'start': 655.173, 'duration': 3.201}, {'end': 663.095, 'text': 'Now there are times you want to convert the value of a variable from one type to another.', 'start': 659.094, 'duration': 4.001}, {'end': 663.855, 'text': 'Let me show you.', 'start': 663.415, 'duration': 0.44}, {'end': 669.337, 'text': "So we're going to use our input function to read the user's birth year.", 'start': 664.416, 'duration': 4.921}, {'end': 672.158, 'text': 'So enter your birth year.', 'start': 669.737, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 680.999, 'text': 'Now this input function is going to return a value, so we can store it in a variable called birth underline year.', 'start': 673.854, 'duration': 7.145}, {'end': 685.401, 'text': "Okay? Now let's write code to calculate the age of this user.", 'start': 681.899, 'duration': 3.502}, {'end': 694.227, 'text': 'So we write an expression like this currently, we are in the year 2020, so 2020 minus birth year.', 'start': 685.962, 'duration': 8.265}], 'summary': 'Python input function, data types, and variable conversion demonstrated with birth year calculation.', 'duration': 56.614, 'max_score': 637.613, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C8637613.jpg'}, {'end': 743.853, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 719.097, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 725.544, 'text': 'So this error occurred in this file, that is our app.py on line 2.', 'start': 719.097, 'duration': 6.447}, {'end': 729.286, 'text': 'right below that you can see the piece of code that generated this error.', 'start': 725.544, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 732.908, 'text': 'So that is this expression, 2020 minus birth year.', 'start': 729.966, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 735.709, 'text': 'Now below that you can see the type of error.', 'start': 733.388, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 740.151, 'text': 'So here we have unsupported types for subtraction.', 'start': 736.029, 'duration': 4.122}, {'end': 743.853, 'text': 'We have int and str.', 'start': 741.672, 'duration': 2.181}], 'summary': 'Error in app.py on line 2: unsupported types for subtraction (int and str)', 'duration': 24.756, 'max_score': 719.097, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C8719097.jpg'}, {'end': 843.462, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 815.751, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 823.056, 'text': 'so to solve this problem, we need to replace the string with the int function.', 'start': 815.751, 'duration': 7.305}, {'end': 824.977, 'text': "So let's see what's going on here.", 'start': 823.956, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 828.138, 'text': 'On the first line we call the input function.', 'start': 825.637, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 829.878, 'text': 'this returns a string.', 'start': 828.138, 'duration': 1.74}, {'end': 833.759, 'text': 'on the second line, we pass the string to our int function.', 'start': 829.878, 'duration': 3.881}, {'end': 837.48, 'text': 'the int function will return the numeric representation of the birth year.', 'start': 833.759, 'duration': 3.721}, {'end': 843.462, 'text': 'Then, we subtract it from 2020, we get the age, and store it in the age variable.', 'start': 838.16, 'duration': 5.302}], 'summary': 'Replace string with int function, calculate age from birth year', 'duration': 27.711, 'max_score': 815.751, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C8815751.jpg'}, {'end': 887.97, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 861.553, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 866.917, 'text': 'A floating point number in python and other programming languages is a number with a decimal point.', 'start': 861.553, 'duration': 5.364}, {'end': 869.439, 'text': 'So 10 is an integer, and 10.1 is a float.', 'start': 867.378, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 883.287, 'text': 'So we have int, we have float and we also have bool for converting a value to a boolean and finally, we have stir for converting a value to a string.', 'start': 872.081, 'duration': 11.206}, {'end': 887.97, 'text': 'So these are the built in functions for converting the type of our variables.', 'start': 884.067, 'duration': 3.903}], 'summary': 'Python has built-in functions for converting variable types: int, float, bool, and str.', 'duration': 26.417, 'max_score': 861.553, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C8861553.jpg'}, {'end': 946.162, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 861.553, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 866.917, 'text': 'A floating point number in python and other programming languages is a number with a decimal point.', 'start': 861.553, 'duration': 5.364}, {'end': 869.439, 'text': 'So 10 is an integer, and 10.1 is a float.', 'start': 867.378, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 883.287, 'text': 'So we have int, we have float and we also have bool for converting a value to a boolean and finally, we have stir for converting a value to a string.', 'start': 872.081, 'duration': 11.206}, {'end': 887.97, 'text': 'So these are the built in functions for converting the type of our variables.', 'start': 884.067, 'duration': 3.903}, {'end': 890.251, 'text': "Now here's a little exercise for you.", 'start': 889.03, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 893.172, 'text': 'I want you to write a basic calculator program.', 'start': 890.791, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 895.914, 'text': 'So here we have to enter two numbers.', 'start': 893.833, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 903.053, 'text': 'we can type a whole number or a number with a decimal point, and then our program will print the sum of these two numbers.', 'start': 895.914, 'duration': 7.139}, {'end': 907.637, 'text': 'So pause the video, spend two minutes on this exercise, and then see my solution.', 'start': 903.773, 'duration': 3.864}, {'end': 918.106, 'text': "Alright, first we're going to call our input function to read the first number, we get the result and store it in a variable called first.", 'start': 911.22, 'duration': 6.886}, {'end': 925.133, 'text': "Now, let's declare another variable called second, and read the second number.", 'start': 919.107, 'duration': 6.026}, {'end': 932.43, 'text': 'now we calculate the sum, so that is first plus second.', 'start': 926.485, 'duration': 5.945}, {'end': 936.934, 'text': "now let's see what happens when we print sum on the terminal.", 'start': 932.43, 'duration': 4.504}, {'end': 946.162, 'text': "so I enter 10 and 20, but instead of 30 we get 1020, this is because we're combining or concatenating two strings.", 'start': 936.934, 'duration': 9.228}], 'summary': 'Transcript covers data types and an exercise for creating a basic calculator program in python.', 'duration': 84.609, 'max_score': 861.553, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C8861553.jpg'}, {'end': 936.934, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 911.22, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 918.106, 'text': "Alright, first we're going to call our input function to read the first number, we get the result and store it in a variable called first.", 'start': 911.22, 'duration': 6.886}, {'end': 925.133, 'text': "Now, let's declare another variable called second, and read the second number.", 'start': 919.107, 'duration': 6.026}, {'end': 932.43, 'text': 'now we calculate the sum, so that is first plus second.', 'start': 926.485, 'duration': 5.945}, {'end': 936.934, 'text': "now let's see what happens when we print sum on the terminal.", 'start': 932.43, 'duration': 4.504}], 'summary': 'Reading two numbers, calculating their sum, and displaying the result.', 'duration': 25.714, 'max_score': 911.22, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C8911220.jpg'}, {'end': 1028.544, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 994.3, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 1000.572, 'text': 'What if we enter a floating point number? So 10.1 and 20.', 'start': 994.3, 'duration': 6.272}, {'end': 1001.153, 'text': 'you got an error.', 'start': 1000.572, 'duration': 0.581}, {'end': 1007.26, 'text': 'So to solve this problem, we need to treat both these values as floats.', 'start': 1001.974, 'duration': 5.286}, {'end': 1010.944, 'text': "So instead of the int function, we're going to use the float function.", 'start': 1007.86, 'duration': 3.084}, {'end': 1015.532, 'text': "now, let's run our program one more time.", 'start': 1012.87, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 1021.117, 'text': 'we enter a whole number and a floating point number, so the result is correct.', 'start': 1015.532, 'duration': 5.585}, {'end': 1024.18, 'text': "now let's add a label over here.", 'start': 1021.117, 'duration': 3.063}, {'end': 1028.544, 'text': 'so sum is plus sum.', 'start': 1024.18, 'duration': 4.364}], 'summary': 'Using float function to fix error with floating point numbers, resulting in correct output.', 'duration': 34.244, 'max_score': 994.3, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C8994300.jpg'}, {'end': 1082.553, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1053.647, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 1057.128, 'text': "So python doesn't know how to evaluate code like this.", 'start': 1053.647, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 1063.09, 'text': "It doesn't know how to concatenate a float to a string.", 'start': 1058.708, 'duration': 4.382}, {'end': 1067.131, 'text': 'To solve this problem, we need to convert sum to a string.', 'start': 1063.57, 'duration': 3.561}, {'end': 1069.772, 'text': 'So this is where we use the stir function.', 'start': 1067.511, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 1074.365, 'text': "now let's run the program again, so 10 plus 20.1.", 'start': 1071.158, 'duration': 3.207}, {'end': 1075.387, 'text': "and here's the result.", 'start': 1074.365, 'duration': 1.022}, {'end': 1082.553, 'text': "And one last thing in this example I'm calling the float function.", 'start': 1078.291, 'duration': 4.262}], 'summary': 'Python cannot concatenate float and string, resolved by converting sum to a string.', 'duration': 28.906, 'max_score': 1053.647, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C81053647.jpg'}], 'start': 637.613, 'title': 'Using input function, type conversion, and basic calculator program in python', 'summary': 'Covers using the input function to read user input, type conversion using built-in functions in python, and creating a basic calculator program. it includes examples of handling errors, converting variable types, and performing calculations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 743.853, 'start': 637.613, 'title': 'Using input function in python', 'summary': 'Explains how to use the input function in python to read user input, convert data types, and handle errors, showcasing an error in the code with unsupported types for subtraction.', 'duration': 106.24, 'highlights': ["The input function in Python is used to read user input, such as the user's birth year, and store it in a variable.", "It demonstrates how to calculate the user's age by subtracting the birth year from the current year, using the input value stored in a variable.", 'The chapter highlights the occurrence of an error due to unsupported types for subtraction, providing insights into error messages and error handling in Python.']}, {'end': 887.97, 'start': 744.433, 'title': 'Python type conversion', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of type conversion in python, including the use of built-in functions such as int, float, bool, and str to convert variables between different data types, with an example of converting a string representing a birth year to an integer and calculating the age.', 'duration': 143.537, 'highlights': ['The int function converts a string to a numeric representation, allowing for calculations and operations on the converted value.', 'Explanation of other built-in functions like float, bool, and str for converting values to floating point numbers, booleans, and strings respectively.', 'The importance of type conversion in avoiding errors when performing operations on different data types.']}, {'end': 1106.167, 'start': 889.03, 'title': 'Basic calculator program', 'summary': 'Demonstrates creating a basic calculator program that takes two numbers as input, calculates their sum, handles whole and floating point numbers, and converts data types to resolve errors, resulting in a functional program.', 'duration': 217.137, 'highlights': ['The program reads two numbers, calculates their sum, and prints the result, addressing the issue of concatenating strings instead of adding numbers, and introduces the concept of data type conversion.', 'The need to handle floating point numbers is highlighted, and the usage of the float function to treat both whole and floating point numbers is demonstrated.', 'It explains the requirement to convert the sum to a string to resolve the issue of concatenating a float to a string and demonstrates the usage of the str function for the conversion.']}], 'duration': 468.554, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C8637613.jpg', 'highlights': ["The input function in Python is used to read user input, such as the user's birth year, and store it in a variable.", 'The int function converts a string to a numeric representation, allowing for calculations and operations on the converted value.', 'The program reads two numbers, calculates their sum, and prints the result, addressing the issue of concatenating strings instead of adding numbers, and introduces the concept of data type conversion.', "It demonstrates how to calculate the user's age by subtracting the birth year from the current year, using the input value stored in a variable.", 'Explanation of other built-in functions like float, bool, and str for converting values to floating point numbers, booleans, and strings respectively.', 'The chapter highlights the occurrence of an error due to unsupported types for subtraction, providing insights into error messages and error handling in Python.', 'The importance of type conversion in avoiding errors when performing operations on different data types.', 'The need to handle floating point numbers is highlighted, and the usage of the float function to treat both whole and floating point numbers is demonstrated.', 'It explains the requirement to convert the sum to a string to resolve the issue of concatenating a float to a string and demonstrates the usage of the str function for the conversion.']}, {'end': 1355.88, 'segs': [{'end': 1155.554, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1107.128, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1116.926, 'text': 'Similarly, we call the float function over here, now we can change this expression to first plus second.', 'start': 1107.128, 'duration': 9.798}, {'end': 1119.467, 'text': 'That is another way to write this piece of code.', 'start': 1117.527, 'duration': 1.94}, {'end': 1121.788, 'text': 'So type conversion is important.', 'start': 1120.368, 'duration': 1.42}, {'end': 1124.229, 'text': 'in python and other programming languages.', 'start': 1121.788, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 1127.571, 'text': 'there are times you need to convert the type of variable to a different type.', 'start': 1124.229, 'duration': 3.342}, {'end': 1138.587, 'text': "this tutorial, i'm going to show you a bunch of cool things you can do with strings in python.", 'start': 1134.159, 'duration': 4.428}, {'end': 1144.937, 'text': "so let's start by declaring a variable called course and set it to python for beginners.", 'start': 1138.587, 'duration': 6.35}, {'end': 1149.327, 'text': 'Now, this string that we have over here is technically an object.', 'start': 1146.263, 'duration': 3.064}, {'end': 1152.571, 'text': 'An object in Python is like an object in the real world.', 'start': 1149.908, 'duration': 2.663}, {'end': 1155.554, 'text': 'As a metaphor, think of the remote control of your TV.', 'start': 1153.111, 'duration': 2.443}], 'summary': 'Python tutorial covers type conversion and string manipulation.', 'duration': 48.426, 'max_score': 1107.128, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C81107128.jpg'}, {'end': 1263.335, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1189.502, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1192.265, 'text': 'but the functions you see over here are specific to strings.', 'start': 1189.502, 'duration': 2.763}, {'end': 1195.729, 'text': 'Now more accurately, we refer to these as methods.', 'start': 1192.866, 'duration': 2.863}, {'end': 1200.355, 'text': 'So when a function is part of an object, we refer to that function as a method.', 'start': 1196.33, 'duration': 4.025}, {'end': 1202.799, 'text': "So, let's look at a few examples.", 'start': 1201.078, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 1208.501, 'text': 'Here we have a function or a method called upper, and we use that to convert a string to uppercase.', 'start': 1203.239, 'duration': 5.262}, {'end': 1215.844, 'text': 'So if we print course.upper and run this program, you can see our course in uppercase.', 'start': 1209.121, 'duration': 6.723}, {'end': 1216.985, 'text': 'Pretty useful.', 'start': 1216.444, 'duration': 0.541}, {'end': 1224.588, 'text': 'Now what you need to understand here is that this upper method does not change our original string, it will return a new string.', 'start': 1217.785, 'duration': 6.803}, {'end': 1232.332, 'text': 'So right after this, if we print course you can see that our course variable is not affected.', 'start': 1225.168, 'duration': 7.164}, {'end': 1235.134, 'text': 'So the upper method returns a new string.', 'start': 1232.772, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 1241.318, 'text': 'Similarly we have another method called lower for converting a string to lower case.', 'start': 1236.454, 'duration': 4.864}, {'end': 1247.141, 'text': 'We have a method called find to see if our string contains a character or a sequence of characters.', 'start': 1241.958, 'duration': 5.183}, {'end': 1255.447, 'text': 'For example, here we can pass y, and this will return the index of the first occurrence of y in our string.', 'start': 1247.802, 'duration': 7.645}, {'end': 1261.353, 'text': 'So, in python, the index of the first character in a string is 0.', 'start': 1256.067, 'duration': 5.286}, {'end': 1263.335, 'text': 'So here we have 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on.', 'start': 1261.353, 'duration': 1.982}], 'summary': 'Methods like upper and lower convert strings, find returns index of character, with 0-based indexing.', 'duration': 45.55, 'max_score': 1189.502, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C81189502.jpg'}, {'end': 1363.203, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1336.75, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1344.234, 'text': "Also, just like the upper method, the replace method is not going to modify our original string, so it's going to return a new string.", 'start': 1336.75, 'duration': 7.484}, {'end': 1349.557, 'text': 'This is because strings in Python and many other programming languages are immutable.', 'start': 1344.755, 'duration': 4.802}, {'end': 1351.479, 'text': 'We cannot change them once we create them.', 'start': 1349.818, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 1355.88, 'text': "whenever we want to change a string, we'll end up with a new string object in memory.", 'start': 1352.139, 'duration': 3.741}, {'end': 1363.203, 'text': 'Now one last thing I want to cover in this tutorial, there are times you want to see if your string contains a character or a sequence of characters.', 'start': 1356.641, 'duration': 6.562}], 'summary': 'In python, strings are immutable and modifying them creates new string objects.', 'duration': 26.453, 'max_score': 1336.75, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C81336750.jpg'}], 'start': 1107.128, 'title': 'Python string methods and manipulation', 'summary': 'Covers the importance of type conversion, object and method concepts, and showcases string manipulation methods like upper, lower, find, and replace in python, emphasizing string immutability.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1241.318, 'start': 1107.128, 'title': 'String methods in python', 'summary': 'Highlights the importance of type conversion in python, demonstrates the concept of objects and methods, and showcases the usage of string methods like upper and lower for converting strings to uppercase and lowercase.', 'duration': 134.19, 'highlights': ['The tutorial demonstrates the importance of type conversion in Python and other programming languages, emphasizing the need to convert variable types when necessary.', 'It explains the concept of objects in Python, comparing them to real-world objects and highlighting their capabilities, such as the specific methods available for string objects.', 'The chapter showcases the usage of the upper method to convert a string to uppercase and emphasizes that the method returns a new string without altering the original one.', 'It also demonstrates the usage of the lower method for converting a string to lowercase, clarifying that it operates similarly by returning a new string.']}, {'end': 1355.88, 'start': 1241.958, 'title': 'String manipulation in python', 'summary': 'Covers methods like find and replace in python strings, demonstrating their functionality and index representation, and emphasizes the immutability of strings in python.', 'duration': 113.922, 'highlights': ['The find method in Python returns the index of the first occurrence of a character or sequence of characters, with a case-sensitive behavior, and returns -1 if not found.', 'The replace method in Python allows replacing a character or sequence of characters in a string with a new string, and it returns a new string object, emphasizing the immutability of strings in Python.']}], 'duration': 248.752, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C81107128.jpg', 'highlights': ['The tutorial demonstrates the importance of type conversion in Python and other programming languages, emphasizing the need to convert variable types when necessary.', 'It explains the concept of objects in Python, comparing them to real-world objects and highlighting their capabilities, such as the specific methods available for string objects.', 'The find method in Python returns the index of the first occurrence of a character or sequence of characters, with a case-sensitive behavior, and returns -1 if not found.', 'The chapter showcases the usage of the upper method to convert a string to uppercase and emphasizes that the method returns a new string without altering the original one.', 'It also demonstrates the usage of the lower method for converting a string to lowercase, clarifying that it operates similarly by returning a new string.', 'The replace method in Python allows replacing a character or sequence of characters in a string with a new string, and it returns a new string object, emphasizing the immutability of strings in Python.']}, {'end': 1863.873, 'segs': [{'end': 1384.268, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1356.641, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1363.203, 'text': 'Now one last thing I want to cover in this tutorial, there are times you want to see if your string contains a character or a sequence of characters.', 'start': 1356.641, 'duration': 6.562}, {'end': 1371.747, 'text': "One way to do that is using the find method that we talked about, so let's see if our string contains python.", 'start': 1364.003, 'duration': 7.744}, {'end': 1378.999, 'text': 'Now when we run this program, that is the index of the first occurrence of the word python in our string.', 'start': 1372.568, 'duration': 6.431}, {'end': 1384.268, 'text': 'Now in python we can also use the in operator, so we can write an expression like this.', 'start': 1379.64, 'duration': 4.628}], 'summary': 'Using find method or in operator in python to check for string containment.', 'duration': 27.627, 'max_score': 1356.641, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C81356641.jpg'}, {'end': 1481.047, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1403.803, 'weight': 0.709, 'content': [{'end': 1407.208, 'text': "As you can see, python code is very readable, it's like plain english.", 'start': 1403.803, 'duration': 3.405}, {'end': 1414.459, 'text': 'So when we run this program, instead of seeing the index of the first occurrence of python, we see a boolean value.', 'start': 1407.789, 'duration': 6.67}, {'end': 1416.783, 'text': 'This is more desirable in a lot of cases.', 'start': 1414.76, 'duration': 2.023}, {'end': 1419.527, 'text': "Next we're going to look at arithmetic operations.", 'start': 1417.484, 'duration': 2.043}, {'end': 1429.653, 'text': "In this tutorial, I'm going to show you the arithmetic operators that we have in python.", 'start': 1426.112, 'duration': 3.541}, {'end': 1432.834, 'text': 'These are the same arithmetic operators that we have in math.', 'start': 1430.173, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 1436.995, 'text': 'For example, we can add numbers, we can subtract them, multiply them, and so on.', 'start': 1433.214, 'duration': 3.781}, {'end': 1443.537, 'text': "So let's print 10 plus 3, when we run this program, we get 13.", 'start': 1437.675, 'duration': 5.862}, {'end': 1445.437, 'text': 'So this is the addition operator.', 'start': 1443.537, 'duration': 1.9}, {'end': 1450.559, 'text': 'We also have subtraction, we have multiplication, and division.', 'start': 1445.958, 'duration': 4.601}, {'end': 1454.503, 'text': 'now. technically, we have two different types of division operators.', 'start': 1451.159, 'duration': 3.344}, {'end': 1458.667, 'text': 'we have a division with one slash and another with two slashes.', 'start': 1454.503, 'duration': 4.164}, {'end': 1460.269, 'text': "let's look at the differences.", 'start': 1458.667, 'duration': 1.602}, {'end': 1470.619, 'text': 'if we use a single slash, we get a floating point number, that is, a number with a decimal point, but if we use double slashes, we get an integer,', 'start': 1460.269, 'duration': 10.35}, {'end': 1471.16, 'text': 'a whole number.', 'start': 1470.619, 'duration': 0.541}, {'end': 1481.047, 'text': 'We also have the modulus operator that is indicated by a percent sign, and this returns the remainder of the division of 10 by 3..', 'start': 1472.401, 'duration': 8.646}], 'summary': 'Python code is readable, supports arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, with different types of division operators, and also includes the modulus operator.', 'duration': 77.244, 'max_score': 1403.803, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C81403803.jpg'}, {'end': 1458.667, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1430.173, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1432.834, 'text': 'These are the same arithmetic operators that we have in math.', 'start': 1430.173, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 1436.995, 'text': 'For example, we can add numbers, we can subtract them, multiply them, and so on.', 'start': 1433.214, 'duration': 3.781}, {'end': 1443.537, 'text': "So let's print 10 plus 3, when we run this program, we get 13.", 'start': 1437.675, 'duration': 5.862}, {'end': 1445.437, 'text': 'So this is the addition operator.', 'start': 1443.537, 'duration': 1.9}, {'end': 1450.559, 'text': 'We also have subtraction, we have multiplication, and division.', 'start': 1445.958, 'duration': 4.601}, {'end': 1454.503, 'text': 'now. technically, we have two different types of division operators.', 'start': 1451.159, 'duration': 3.344}, {'end': 1458.667, 'text': 'we have a division with one slash and another with two slashes.', 'start': 1454.503, 'duration': 4.164}], 'summary': 'Arithmetic operators in python perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, with 10 + 3 resulting in 13. two types of division operators are available.', 'duration': 28.494, 'max_score': 1430.173, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C81430173.jpg'}, {'end': 1635.802, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1602.071, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1607.592, 'text': 'Now in python, operator precedence is exactly like math, but we can always change it using parenthesis.', 'start': 1602.071, 'duration': 5.521}, {'end': 1614.414, 'text': 'For example, in this expression, if we want 10 plus 3 to be evaluated first, we can wrap it in parenthesis.', 'start': 1608.072, 'duration': 6.342}, {'end': 1617.334, 'text': 'So, like this.', 'start': 1615.174, 'duration': 2.16}, {'end': 1625.276, 'text': "Now when we execute this code, we're going to see 26, because 10 plus 3 is 13, and that divided by 2 is 26.", 'start': 1618.015, 'duration': 7.261}, {'end': 1626.016, 'text': "Let's verify this.", 'start': 1625.276, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 1635.802, 'text': 'So print x, and we get 26.', 'start': 1626.216, 'duration': 9.586}], 'summary': 'Python allows changing operator precedence using parentheses; e.g., (10 + 3) / 2 evaluates to 26.', 'duration': 33.731, 'max_score': 1602.071, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C81602071.jpg'}, {'end': 1759.556, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1709.097, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1710.258, 'text': "So, let's quickly recap.", 'start': 1709.097, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 1713.48, 'text': 'Here are the comparison operators we have in python.', 'start': 1711.098, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 1720.965, 'text': 'Greater than, greater than or equal to, less than, less than or equal to, equal and not equal.', 'start': 1714.08, 'duration': 6.885}, {'end': 1728.89, 'text': 'These operators are extremely important in real python programs, because quite often we have to compare values to evaluate certain conditions.', 'start': 1721.706, 'duration': 7.184}, {'end': 1729.931, 'text': "You're going to see that soon.", 'start': 1729.15, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 1740.323, 'text': 'In Python we have another set of operators called logical operators.', 'start': 1736.42, 'duration': 3.903}, {'end': 1744.026, 'text': 'We use these operators to build complex rules and conditions.', 'start': 1740.964, 'duration': 3.062}, {'end': 1744.666, 'text': 'Let me show you.', 'start': 1744.206, 'duration': 0.46}, {'end': 1748.229, 'text': "So I'm going to declare a variable called price, and set it to 25.", 'start': 1745.287, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 1752.172, 'text': "Now let's print a Boolean expression like this.", 'start': 1748.229, 'duration': 3.943}, {'end': 1759.556, 'text': "Price is greater than Now let's say we want to check to see if the price is between 10 and 30.", 'start': 1752.813, 'duration': 6.743}], 'summary': 'Python has comparison and logical operators for evaluating conditions, such as greater than, less than, equal, and not equal. these are crucial in real programs.', 'duration': 50.459, 'max_score': 1709.097, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C81709097.jpg'}], 'start': 1356.641, 'title': 'Python string and arithmetic operations and python operators and expressions', 'summary': "Covers checking if a string contains a specific character or sequence using the 'find' method and the 'in' operator in python, demonstrating arithmetic operations including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus. it also covers arithmetic, comparison, and logical operators in python, including operator precedence and augmented assignment, with practical examples and their significance in real python programs.", 'chapters': [{'end': 1481.047, 'start': 1356.641, 'title': 'Python string and arithmetic operations', 'summary': "Covers checking if a string contains a specific character or sequence, using the 'find' method and the 'in' operator in python, and demonstrates arithmetic operations in python, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus.", 'duration': 124.406, 'highlights': ["The chapter covers checking if a string contains a specific character or sequence, using the 'find' method and the 'in' operator in Python", 'Demonstrates arithmetic operations in Python, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus']}, {'end': 1863.873, 'start': 1481.047, 'title': 'Python operators and expressions', 'summary': 'Covers arithmetic, comparison, and logical operators in python, including operator precedence and augmented assignment. it demonstrates the use of these operators with practical examples and explains their significance in real python programs.', 'duration': 382.826, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains arithmetic operators in Python, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponentiation, and demonstrates the use of augmented assignment operators for these operations.', 'It discusses the concept of operator precedence in Python and how to alter it using parentheses, with a practical example showing the impact of changing the order of operations.', 'The chapter introduces comparison operators in Python, including greater than, greater than or equal to, less than, less than or equal to, equal, and not equal, emphasizing their importance in evaluating conditions in real Python programs.', 'It explains logical operators in Python, including logical and, logical or, and not, and demonstrates their usage with practical examples to build complex rules and conditions.']}], 'duration': 507.232, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C81356641.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces comparison operators in Python, emphasizing their importance in evaluating conditions in real Python programs.', 'It explains logical operators in Python, including logical and, logical or, and not, and demonstrates their usage with practical examples to build complex rules and conditions.', 'The chapter explains arithmetic operators in Python, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponentiation, and demonstrates the use of augmented assignment operators for these operations.', "The chapter covers checking if a string contains a specific character or sequence, using the 'find' method and the 'in' operator in Python.", 'It discusses the concept of operator precedence in Python and how to alter it using parentheses, with a practical example showing the impact of changing the order of operations.']}, {'end': 2173.556, 'segs': [{'end': 1915.164, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1870.342, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1876.845, 'text': "this tutorial we're going to talk about if statements in python we use if statements to make decisions in our programs.", 'start': 1870.342, 'duration': 6.503}, {'end': 1881.868, 'text': 'for example, we can declare a variable called temperature and depending on the value of this variable,', 'start': 1876.845, 'duration': 5.023}, {'end': 1884.229, 'text': 'we can print different messages on the terminal.', 'start': 1881.868, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 1885.91, 'text': 'let me show you so.', 'start': 1884.229, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 1887.811, 'text': "here's our temperature variable.", 'start': 1885.91, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 1889.983, 'text': 'we set it to 35.', 'start': 1887.811, 'duration': 2.172}, {'end': 1895.388, 'text': "Now let's say, if temperature is greater than 30, you want to print a message saying it's a hot day.", 'start': 1889.983, 'duration': 5.405}, {'end': 1901.734, 'text': 'So we type if, then we type a condition, and this is where we use our comparison operators.', 'start': 1896.088, 'duration': 5.646}, {'end': 1906.573, 'text': 'So we type temperature greater than 30.', 'start': 1902.294, 'duration': 4.279}, {'end': 1910.498, 'text': 'then, so we have a colon, and see what happens when I press enter now.', 'start': 1906.573, 'duration': 3.925}, {'end': 1915.164, 'text': 'The character is indented, and this represents a block of code.', 'start': 1911.72, 'duration': 3.444}], 'summary': 'Python if statements used to make decisions based on temperature value.', 'duration': 44.822, 'max_score': 1870.342, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C81870342.jpg'}, {'end': 2020.425, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1991.989, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1999.995, 'text': 'Now in C based programming languages like C++, C sharp, Java, and JavaScript, we present a block of code using curly braces.', 'start': 1991.989, 'duration': 8.006}, {'end': 2006.72, 'text': 'So, you start a block of code using a left brace, and then end it using a right brace.', 'start': 2000.495, 'duration': 6.225}, {'end': 2012.662, 'text': "in python we don't have curly braces, so we use indentation to represent a block of code.", 'start': 2007.26, 'duration': 5.402}, {'end': 2020.425, 'text': 'okay?. So in this case these two lines are indented, and that means they are part of this block of code.', 'start': 2012.662, 'duration': 7.763}], 'summary': 'In c-based languages, code blocks use curly braces; python uses indentation instead.', 'duration': 28.436, 'max_score': 1991.989, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C81991989.jpg'}, {'end': 2173.556, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2147.127, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2152.688, 'text': "Now finally if the temperature is less than 10, let's print a message saying it's a cold day.", 'start': 2147.127, 'duration': 5.561}, {'end': 2158.59, 'text': 'So here we type else, then we add a colon, and now we have a new block.', 'start': 2153.328, 'duration': 5.262}, {'end': 2163.911, 'text': 'So this code will get executed if none of the above conditions are true.', 'start': 2159.23, 'duration': 4.681}, {'end': 2168.512, 'text': "So here we can print it's cold.", 'start': 2164.591, 'duration': 3.921}, {'end': 2173.556, 'text': 'So this is how we use if statements to make decisions in our programs.', 'start': 2170.359, 'duration': 3.197}], 'summary': 'Using if statements to make decisions in programs based on temperature conditions.', 'duration': 26.429, 'max_score': 2147.127, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C82147127.jpg'}], 'start': 1870.342, 'title': 'Python if statements', 'summary': 'Explains how if statements are used in python to make decisions based on variable values, with an example of using comparison operators to print different messages based on the temperature variable value. it also discusses the use of indentation, multiple conditions, and comments in code.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2012.662, 'start': 1870.342, 'title': 'Python if statements', 'summary': 'Explains how if statements are used in python to make decisions based on variable values, with an example of using comparison operators to print different messages based on the temperature variable value.', 'duration': 142.32, 'highlights': ['We can use if statements to make decisions in our programs, such as printing different messages based on the value of a variable like the temperature.', 'The tutorial demonstrates how to use comparison operators in an if statement, with the example of using the greater than operator to check if the temperature is greater than 30.', 'The use of indentation in Python to represent a block of code is highlighted, as opposed to using curly braces in C-based programming languages.', 'Explanation of the need to use double quotes for strings containing apostrophes in Python, as single quotes can cause confusion.']}, {'end': 2173.556, 'start': 2012.662, 'title': 'Python if statements', 'summary': 'Discusses the use of if statements in python to make decisions in programs, demonstrating the use of indentation, multiple conditions, and comments in code.', 'duration': 160.894, 'highlights': ['The if statement is used to create a block of code that will only get executed if a specified condition is true, demonstrated by the temperature-based examples.', 'The concept of else if (elif) is introduced to handle multiple conditions in Python, as shown by the temperature range-based message outputs.', 'The use of comments in Python, indicated by the pound sign, is explained to add non-executable notes to the program.']}], 'duration': 303.214, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C81870342.jpg', 'highlights': ['We can use if statements to make decisions in our programs, such as printing different messages based on the value of a variable like the temperature.', 'The tutorial demonstrates how to use comparison operators in an if statement, with the example of using the greater than operator to check if the temperature is greater than 30.', 'The if statement is used to create a block of code that will only get executed if a specified condition is true, demonstrated by the temperature-based examples.', 'The concept of else if (elif) is introduced to handle multiple conditions in Python, as shown by the temperature range-based message outputs.', 'The use of indentation in Python to represent a block of code is highlighted, as opposed to using curly braces in C-based programming languages.']}, {'end': 2472.816, 'segs': [{'end': 2209.436, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2180.202, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2183.305, 'text': "Here's a great exercise for you to practice what you have learned so far.", 'start': 2180.202, 'duration': 3.103}, {'end': 2186.467, 'text': 'I want you to write a weight converter program like this.', 'start': 2183.885, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 2190.27, 'text': 'So this program is asking me my weight, I enter 170.', 'start': 2187.268, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 2195.495, 'text': "Next, it's asking me if the weight is in kilograms or pounds.", 'start': 2190.27, 'duration': 5.225}, {'end': 2199.138, 'text': 'So I can type k for kilograms or l for pounds.', 'start': 2196.055, 'duration': 3.083}, {'end': 2203.301, 'text': "I can type a lowercase l or an uppercase l, it doesn't matter.", 'start': 2199.738, 'duration': 3.563}, {'end': 2205.383, 'text': "So let's go with a lowercase l.", 'start': 2203.902, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 2209.436, 'text': 'Now it tells me weight in kilogram is 76.5.', 'start': 2206.874, 'duration': 2.562}], 'summary': 'Exercise: create a weight converter program. input: 170 pounds. output: 76.5 kilograms.', 'duration': 29.234, 'max_score': 2180.202, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C82180202.jpg'}, {'end': 2263.587, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2232.412, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2235.654, 'text': 'Next we call the input function one more time to ask the second question.', 'start': 2232.412, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 2247.801, 'text': "is this in kg or lb? We get the result and store it in a variable called unit, this is where we're going to use an if statement.", 'start': 2236.573, 'duration': 11.228}, {'end': 2252.704, 'text': 'So, we want to check to see if unit equals k.', 'start': 2248.621, 'duration': 4.083}, {'end': 2257.744, 'text': 'then we should convert the weight to pounds and print it on a terminal.', 'start': 2254.403, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 2263.587, 'text': 'However, with this code, if I type a lowercase k, this condition is not going to be true.', 'start': 2258.125, 'duration': 5.462}], 'summary': 'Code checks if unit equals k to convert weight to pounds.', 'duration': 31.175, 'max_score': 2232.412, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C82232412.jpg'}, {'end': 2306.481, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2279.173, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2283.415, 'text': 'So we use the upper method, and this returns a new string in uppercase.', 'start': 2279.173, 'duration': 4.242}, {'end': 2288.956, 'text': 'now, if this condition is true, first we need to convert the weight to pounds.', 'start': 2284.295, 'duration': 4.661}, {'end': 2292.257, 'text': 'so we declare a new variable called converted.', 'start': 2288.956, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 2299.859, 'text': 'get the weight and divide it by 0.45, and then we can print this on a terminal.', 'start': 2292.257, 'duration': 7.602}, {'end': 2304.961, 'text': 'so we say weight in pounds is.', 'start': 2299.859, 'duration': 5.102}, {'end': 2306.481, 'text': 'then we append converted.', 'start': 2304.961, 'duration': 1.52}], 'summary': 'Using the upper method returns a new string in uppercase. if true, weight is converted to pounds by dividing by 0.45.', 'duration': 27.308, 'max_score': 2279.173, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C82279173.jpg'}, {'end': 2424.126, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2393.756, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2399.237, 'text': "here's a second error can only concatenate string, not float to string,", 'start': 2393.756, 'duration': 5.481}, {'end': 2405.499, 'text': 'and that error occurred over here when we try to print the weight in kilograms.', 'start': 2399.237, 'duration': 6.262}, {'end': 2410.32, 'text': 'so look at line 7, in this case, weight is an integer.', 'start': 2405.499, 'duration': 4.821}, {'end': 2415.362, 'text': 'we are multiplying an integer by a float and the result of this operation is going to be a float.', 'start': 2410.32, 'duration': 5.042}, {'end': 2424.126, 'text': "Now, on line 8, we are trying to concatenate or combine a string with a float, and python doesn't know how to execute this code.", 'start': 2416.702, 'duration': 7.424}], 'summary': 'Error in code: concatenating string with float, causing code execution failure.', 'duration': 30.37, 'max_score': 2393.756, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C82393756.jpg'}], 'start': 2180.202, 'title': 'Creating a weight converter program in python', 'summary': 'Introduces an exercise to create a weight converter program in python, involving the conversion of weight from kilograms to pounds or vice versa, utilizing if statements, string methods, variable declaration, type conversion, and error handling. it also presents key points on variable manipulation and error resolution.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2278.633, 'start': 2180.202, 'title': 'Create weight converter program', 'summary': 'Introduces an exercise to create a weight converter program, where the user inputs their weight and the program converts it from kilograms to pounds or vice versa using if statements and string methods.', 'duration': 98.431, 'highlights': ['The exercise involves creating a weight converter program, prompting the user to input their weight and specify if it is in kilograms or pounds.', 'The program utilizes input functions to obtain user input for weight and unit (kg or lb), and uses if statements to convert the weight from kilograms to pounds or vice versa.', 'The code includes a case-insensitive check for the unit input, ensuring that both lowercase and uppercase letters are recognized for kg or lb.']}, {'end': 2472.816, 'start': 2279.173, 'title': 'Converting weight units in python', 'summary': 'Discusses converting weight units in python, demonstrating the use of string methods, variable declaration, type conversion, and error handling while converting weight from kilograms to pounds and vice versa, presenting key points on variable manipulation and error resolution.', 'duration': 193.643, 'highlights': ['Demonstrates the use of string methods and variable declaration while converting weight from kilograms to pounds and vice versa.', 'Explains the importance of type conversion when encountering errors due to incorrect data types, utilizing int, float, and str functions to manipulate variables.', 'Illustrates error handling when attempting arithmetic operations and string concatenation with different data types, emphasizing the need to convert float to string.']}], 'duration': 292.614, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C82180202.jpg', 'highlights': ['The exercise involves creating a weight converter program, prompting user input for weight and unit (kg or lb).', 'The program utilizes input functions to obtain user input and if statements to convert weight.', 'The code includes a case-insensitive check for the unit input, recognizing lowercase and uppercase letters for kg or lb.', 'Demonstrates the use of string methods and variable declaration while converting weight.', 'Explains the importance of type conversion when encountering errors due to incorrect data types.', 'Illustrates error handling when attempting arithmetic operations and string concatenation with different data types.']}, {'end': 2746.464, 'segs': [{'end': 2509.318, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2476.243, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2480.704, 'text': 'hey guys, i just wanted to let you know that i have an online coding school at codewithmosh.com,', 'start': 2476.243, 'duration': 4.461}, {'end': 2483.885, 'text': 'where you can find plenty of courses on web and mobile development.', 'start': 2480.704, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 2490.267, 'text': 'in fact, i have a comprehensive python course that teaches you everything about python, from the basics to more advanced concepts.', 'start': 2483.885, 'duration': 6.382}, {'end': 2494.709, 'text': 'so after you watch this tutorial, if you want to learn more, you may want to look at my python course.', 'start': 2490.267, 'duration': 4.442}, {'end': 2500.651, 'text': "it comes with a 30-day money-back guarantee and a certificate of completion you can add to your resume in case you're interested.", 'start': 2494.709, 'duration': 5.942}, {'end': 2501.691, 'text': 'the link is below this video.', 'start': 2500.651, 'duration': 1.04}, {'end': 2509.318, 'text': "In this tutorial we're going to talk about while loops in python.", 'start': 2506.676, 'duration': 2.642}], 'summary': 'Mosh offers web and mobile dev courses at codewithmosh.com, including a comprehensive python course with a 30-day money-back guarantee and a certificate of completion.', 'duration': 33.075, 'max_score': 2476.243, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C82476243.jpg'}, {'end': 2543.284, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2513.482, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2515.984, 'text': "For example, let's say you want to print the numbers 1 to 5.", 'start': 2513.482, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 2525.39, 'text': 'A poor way of doing this is writing code like this, print 1, then print 2, print 3, print 4, and print 5.', 'start': 2515.984, 'duration': 9.406}, {'end': 2526.671, 'text': 'Now, why is this a bad approach??', 'start': 2525.39, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 2530.314, 'text': 'Well what if you wanted to print the numbers 1 to 1 million?', 'start': 2526.851, 'duration': 3.463}, {'end': 2533.176, 'text': "We don't want to write 1 million lines of code.", 'start': 2530.754, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 2534.377, 'text': 'each line printing a number.', 'start': 2533.176, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 2536.319, 'text': 'This is where we use while loops.', 'start': 2534.937, 'duration': 1.382}, {'end': 2543.284, 'text': "So, we start off by declaring a variable like i, and set it to our initial number, let's say 1.", 'start': 2536.879, 'duration': 6.405}], 'summary': 'Using while loops instead of manual print statements avoids writing excessive lines of code.', 'duration': 29.802, 'max_score': 2513.482, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C82513482.jpg'}, {'end': 2592.32, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2560.327, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2564.792, 'text': 'So here we type a colon and press enter, now we have a block of code.', 'start': 2560.327, 'duration': 4.465}, {'end': 2570.658, 'text': 'In this block we can print i, and then we need to increment i by 1.', 'start': 2565.472, 'duration': 5.186}, {'end': 2573.26, 'text': 'So we set i to i plus 1.', 'start': 2570.658, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 2579.667, 'text': "If you don't do this, i will always be 1, and this block of code will get executed indefinitely.", 'start': 2573.26, 'duration': 6.407}, {'end': 2580.908, 'text': 'It will never terminate.', 'start': 2579.987, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 2584.812, 'text': 'Basically our program will continue running until it runs out of memory.', 'start': 2581.368, 'duration': 3.444}, {'end': 2592.32, 'text': "So, in the first iteration, i is 1, it's less than 5, so python is going to execute this block of code.", 'start': 2585.573, 'duration': 6.747}], 'summary': 'Demonstration of code iteration and potential infinite loop in python', 'duration': 31.993, 'max_score': 2560.327, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C82560327.jpg'}, {'end': 2687.667, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2663.838, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2670.22, 'text': 'Now, you might be confused here, because earlier I told you that in python, we cannot concatenate a number to a string.', 'start': 2663.838, 'duration': 6.382}, {'end': 2673.021, 'text': "But here I'm using the multiplication operator.", 'start': 2670.72, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 2674.382, 'text': 'Well, this is different.', 'start': 2673.381, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 2680.544, 'text': 'We can multiply a number by a string, and this will repeat that string based on the value of that number.', 'start': 2674.862, 'duration': 5.682}, {'end': 2684.926, 'text': "so if i is 1, we're going to see 1 asterisk.", 'start': 2681.204, 'duration': 3.722}, {'end': 2687.667, 'text': "if i is 5, we're going to see 5 asterisks.", 'start': 2684.926, 'duration': 2.741}], 'summary': 'Python can multiply a number by a string to repeat the string based on the value of the number.', 'duration': 23.829, 'max_score': 2663.838, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C82663838.jpg'}, {'end': 2708.518, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2663.838, 'weight': 0.756, 'content': [{'end': 2670.22, 'text': 'Now, you might be confused here, because earlier I told you that in python, we cannot concatenate a number to a string.', 'start': 2663.838, 'duration': 6.382}, {'end': 2673.021, 'text': "But here I'm using the multiplication operator.", 'start': 2670.72, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 2674.382, 'text': 'Well, this is different.', 'start': 2673.381, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 2680.544, 'text': 'We can multiply a number by a string, and this will repeat that string based on the value of that number.', 'start': 2674.862, 'duration': 5.682}, {'end': 2684.926, 'text': "so if i is 1, we're going to see 1 asterisk.", 'start': 2681.204, 'duration': 3.722}, {'end': 2687.667, 'text': "if i is 5, we're going to see 5 asterisks.", 'start': 2684.926, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 2689.208, 'text': 'let me show you so.', 'start': 2687.667, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 2698.133, 'text': 'when we run this program we see this triangle shape because in the first iteration i is 1, so we see 1 asterisk.', 'start': 2689.208, 'duration': 8.925}, {'end': 2703.075, 'text': 'in every iteration i is incremented by 1, so we see 1 extra asterisk.', 'start': 2698.133, 'duration': 4.942}, {'end': 2708.518, 'text': 'and finally, in the last iteration i is 10, and we see 10 asterisks on the terminal.', 'start': 2703.075, 'duration': 5.443}], 'summary': 'Python can multiply a number by a string to repeat it based on the value of the number.', 'duration': 44.68, 'max_score': 2663.838, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C82663838.jpg'}, {'end': 2751.366, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2721.673, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2724.674, 'text': 'we have booleans and strings.', 'start': 2721.673, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 2729.096, 'text': 'these are what we refer to as primitive or basic types in python.', 'start': 2724.674, 'duration': 4.422}, {'end': 2732.057, 'text': 'now, in python we have a bunch of complex types as well.', 'start': 2729.096, 'duration': 2.961}, {'end': 2735.339, 'text': 'these complex types are very useful in building real applications.', 'start': 2732.057, 'duration': 3.282}, {'end': 2738.8, 'text': "in this tutorial we're going to talk about lists.", 'start': 2736.039, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 2744.603, 'text': 'we use lists whenever we want to represent a list of objects, like a list of numbers or a list of names.', 'start': 2738.8, 'duration': 5.803}, {'end': 2746.464, 'text': 'let me show you so.', 'start': 2744.603, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 2751.366, 'text': "I'm going to declare a variable called names and set it to a list of names.", 'start': 2746.464, 'duration': 4.902}], 'summary': 'Python tutorial introduces primitive and complex types, emphasizing the use of lists for representing objects.', 'duration': 29.693, 'max_score': 2721.673, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C82721673.jpg'}], 'start': 2476.243, 'title': 'Python while loops', 'summary': 'Discusses the benefits of using while loops in python to avoid writing repetitive code and illustrates the concept with examples of printing numbers 1 to 5 and 1 to 1000, emphasizing the advantages of using while loops for iterating through a large range of numbers. it also introduces primitive data types in python and showcases the usage of the multiplication operator to create a triangle shape on the terminal.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2609.908, 'start': 2476.243, 'title': 'Python while loops tutorial', 'summary': 'Discusses the benefits of using while loops in python to avoid writing repetitive code and illustrates the concept with an example of printing numbers 1 to 5, emphasizing the advantages of using while loops for iterating through a large range of numbers.', 'duration': 133.665, 'highlights': ['The tutorial promotes an online coding school at codewithmosh.com, offering comprehensive courses on web and mobile development and a 30-day money-back guarantee for the Python course.', 'While loops in Python are explained as a method to repeat a block of code based on a condition, with a practical example of printing numbers 1 to 5, highlighting the inefficiency of using a poor approach for a large range of numbers.', 'The importance of incrementing the variable within the while loop is emphasized to avoid an indefinite execution of the code and potential program termination due to memory constraints.']}, {'end': 2746.464, 'start': 2609.908, 'title': 'Python while loops and data types', 'summary': 'Covers while loops, demonstrating a program that prints numbers from 1 to 1000, and showcases the usage of the multiplication operator to create a triangle shape on the terminal. it also introduces primitive data types in python and discusses the usage of lists for representing objects.', 'duration': 136.556, 'highlights': ['The program prints numbers from 1 to 1000 using a while loop, demonstrating the efficiency of this approach compared to writing 1000 lines of code.', 'Demonstrates the usage of the multiplication operator to create a triangle shape on the terminal, explaining the concept of multiplying a number by a string to repeat the string based on the value of the number.', 'Introduces primitive data types in Python, including numbers (integers and floats), booleans, and strings, categorizing them as basic or primitive types in Python.', 'Discusses the usage of lists in Python for representing a list of objects, such as numbers or names, highlighting their relevance in building real applications.']}], 'duration': 270.221, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C82476243.jpg', 'highlights': ['The program prints numbers from 1 to 1000 using a while loop, demonstrating the efficiency of this approach compared to writing 1000 lines of code.', 'While loops in Python are explained as a method to repeat a block of code based on a condition, with a practical example of printing numbers 1 to 5, highlighting the inefficiency of using a poor approach for a large range of numbers.', 'Introduces primitive data types in Python, including numbers (integers and floats), booleans, and strings, categorizing them as basic or primitive types in Python.', 'Demonstrates the usage of the multiplication operator to create a triangle shape on the terminal, explaining the concept of multiplying a number by a string to repeat the string based on the value of the number.', 'The importance of incrementing the variable within the while loop is emphasized to avoid an indefinite execution of the code and potential program termination due to memory constraints.', 'The tutorial promotes an online coding school at codewithmosh.com, offering comprehensive courses on web and mobile development and a 30-day money-back guarantee for the Python course.', 'Discusses the usage of lists in Python for representing a list of objects, such as numbers or names, highlighting their relevance in building real applications.']}, {'end': 3016.246, 'segs': [{'end': 2818.923, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2792.122, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2798.563, 'text': "The index of the first element in this list is 0, so now when we run this program we're going to see john on the terminal.", 'start': 2792.122, 'duration': 6.441}, {'end': 2800.088, 'text': 'There you go.', 'start': 2799.588, 'duration': 0.5}, {'end': 2808.235, 'text': 'Now, in python we can also use a negative index, this is a feature that I personally have not seen in other programming languages.', 'start': 2801.029, 'duration': 7.206}, {'end': 2818.923, 'text': 'So, if 0 represents the first element in this list, what do you think negative 1 represents? It represents the last element in this list.', 'start': 2809.015, 'duration': 9.908}], 'summary': 'Python allows negative indexing, -1 represents the last element.', 'duration': 26.801, 'max_score': 2792.122, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C82792122.jpg'}, {'end': 2998.399, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2942.362, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2947.805, 'text': 'they have certain capabilities, so if you type a string here and then press dot,', 'start': 2942.362, 'duration': 5.443}, {'end': 2952.088, 'text': 'we can see all the functions or methods available in a string object in python.', 'start': 2947.805, 'duration': 4.283}, {'end': 2958.273, 'text': 'Now, lists are also objects, so they have a bunch of methods for adding items or removing them and so on.', 'start': 2952.808, 'duration': 5.465}, {'end': 2958.934, 'text': 'Let me show you.', 'start': 2958.473, 'duration': 0.461}, {'end': 2965.92, 'text': "So I'm going to declare a list of numbers, let's say 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.", 'start': 2959.494, 'duration': 6.426}, {'end': 2969.943, 'text': 'Now, to add a new element at the end of this list, we can use the append method.', 'start': 2965.92, 'duration': 4.023}, {'end': 2975.649, 'text': 'So we type numbers.append and here we type 6.', 'start': 2970.484, 'duration': 5.165}, {'end': 2981.151, 'text': "Now, let's print our list So here's our updated list, beautiful.", 'start': 2975.649, 'duration': 5.502}, {'end': 2988.14, 'text': 'Now what if you want to insert a number somewhere in the middle or at the beginning? For that, use the insert method.', 'start': 2982.073, 'duration': 6.067}, {'end': 2994.097, 'text': "so we're going to call the insert method now on the top.", 'start': 2989.355, 'duration': 4.742}, {'end': 2998.399, 'text': 'go to the view menu and look at parameter info.', 'start': 2994.097, 'duration': 4.302}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating methods for string and list objects in python, including append and insert.', 'duration': 56.037, 'max_score': 2942.362, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C82942362.jpg'}], 'start': 2746.464, 'title': 'Python lists and manipulation', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of creating and manipulating lists in python including adding elements, accessing individual elements, using negative indexing, and changing elements at a specific index. it also illustrates modifying and slicing lists, demonstrating changing a list element and selecting a range of values, and introduces the concept of objects in programming.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2838.634, 'start': 2746.464, 'title': 'Python list manipulation', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of creating and manipulating lists in python, including adding elements, accessing individual elements, using negative indexing, and changing elements at a specific index.', 'duration': 92.17, 'highlights': ['Python allows the manipulation of lists, including adding one or more objects, accessing individual elements, using negative indexing, and changing elements at a specific index.', "The index of the first element in a list is 0, and using this index will retrieve the corresponding element, such as accessing 'John' in the provided example.", "Negative indexing in Python allows accessing elements from the end of the list, with '-1' representing the last element, '-2' representing the second last element, and so on."]}, {'end': 2913.955, 'start': 2839.234, 'title': 'Python lists and slicing', 'summary': 'Illustrates modifying and slicing lists in python, demonstrating changing a list element and selecting a range of values, while emphasizing the concept of indexing and its practical application.', 'duration': 74.721, 'highlights': ['The chapter illustrates changing a list element, showcasing the process of resetting a list element to a new value, highlighting the practical application of modifying lists in Python.', 'It demonstrates selecting a range of values from a list, emphasizing the concept of indexing and how Python returns elements based on the start and end index, providing a clear example of slicing in Python.', 'The explanation clarifies that the slicing expression does not modify the original list but returns a new list, emphasizing the non-destructive nature of list slicing in Python.']}, {'end': 3016.246, 'start': 2914.455, 'title': 'Python lists and objects', 'summary': 'Explains how to use lists in python, including methods such as append and insert, and also introduces the concept of objects in programming.', 'duration': 101.791, 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the usage of lists in Python, demonstrating methods like append and insert for adding elements, providing a practical example of adding a new element at the end of the list.', 'It introduces the concept of objects in programming and compares them to real-world objects, illustrating their capabilities and the availability of methods for manipulation.']}], 'duration': 269.782, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C82746464.jpg', 'highlights': ['Python allows manipulation of lists, including adding, accessing, using negative indexing, and changing elements at a specific index.', 'The index of the first element in a list is 0, and using this index will retrieve the corresponding element.', "Negative indexing in Python allows accessing elements from the end of the list, with '-1' representing the last element."]}, {'end': 3603.324, 'segs': [{'end': 3166.637, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 3028.933, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3033.235, 'text': 'So the second value is an object, and the type of this is t.', 'start': 3028.933, 'duration': 4.302}, {'end': 3035.217, 'text': 'That basically means this can be any type.', 'start': 3033.235, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 3041.74, 'text': 'We can pass a number, we can pass a boolean, we can pass a string, we can pass a list, or any type of objects in python.', 'start': 3035.477, 'duration': 6.263}, {'end': 3050.283, 'text': "So I'm going to pass negative 1, now let's run our program, you can see negative 1 appeared at the beginning of our list.", 'start': 3042.421, 'duration': 7.862}, {'end': 3063.078, 'text': "We also have a method for removing items, so let's call remove 3, let's run the program, 3 is gone, we only have 1, 2, 4, and 5.", 'start': 3051.124, 'duration': 11.954}, {'end': 3070.865, 'text': "Now if you want to remove all the items in the list, we call the clear method, so clear this method doesn't expect any values.", 'start': 3063.078, 'duration': 7.787}, {'end': 3073.947, 'text': "So let's run our program, our list is empty.", 'start': 3071.665, 'duration': 2.282}, {'end': 3078.249, 'text': 'Now sometimes you want to know if a given item exists in our list or not.', 'start': 3074.787, 'duration': 3.462}, {'end': 3080.59, 'text': 'To do that we use the in operator.', 'start': 3078.749, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 3088.535, 'text': "So let's remove this line, instead of printing our numbers list, I'm going to print an expression.", 'start': 3081.091, 'duration': 7.444}, {'end': 3090.456, 'text': '1 in numbers.', 'start': 3088.555, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 3092.738, 'text': "so here we're using the in operator.", 'start': 3091.336, 'duration': 1.402}, {'end': 3096.781, 'text': "we're checking to see if 1 is in the numbers list.", 'start': 3092.738, 'duration': 4.043}, {'end': 3098.382, 'text': 'so this is a boolean expression.', 'start': 3096.781, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 3100.564, 'text': 'it returns a boolean value.', 'start': 3098.382, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 3101.945, 'text': 'take a look.', 'start': 3100.564, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 3103.587, 'text': 'so we get true.', 'start': 3101.945, 'duration': 1.642}, {'end': 3109.632, 'text': "obviously, if we search for a value that doesn't exist in this list, like 10, we get false.", 'start': 3103.587, 'duration': 6.045}, {'end': 3112.233, 'text': 'okay?. Now, finally, there are times.', 'start': 3109.632, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 3114.173, 'text': 'you want to know how many items you have in a list.', 'start': 3112.233, 'duration': 1.94}, {'end': 3117.535, 'text': 'To do that, you can use the built in len function.', 'start': 3114.614, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 3122.217, 'text': "So, let's print len of numbers.", 'start': 3118.135, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 3128.239, 'text': "So len is a built in function, just like the print function, that is why it's highlighted as purple.", 'start': 3122.637, 'duration': 5.602}, {'end': 3130.68, 'text': 'It returns the number of elements in a list.', 'start': 3128.96, 'duration': 1.72}, {'end': 3131.301, 'text': 'Take a look.', 'start': 3130.9, 'duration': 0.401}, {'end': 3134.542, 'text': 'So we have 5 elements in this list.', 'start': 3133.141, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 3147.426, 'text': 'when writing python programs, there are times you want to iterate over a list and access each item individually.', 'start': 3141.021, 'duration': 6.405}, {'end': 3148.606, 'text': 'let me show you so.', 'start': 3147.426, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 3151.889, 'text': "I'm going to declare a list of numbers 1,, 2,, 3, 4, 5,.", 'start': 3148.606, 'duration': 3.283}, {'end': 3160.514, 'text': 'now, if we print this list, it comes out exactly like how we wrote it using the square bracket notation.', 'start': 3151.889, 'duration': 8.625}, {'end': 3166.637, 'text': 'But what if we wanted to print each item on a separate line? That is where we use the for loop, let me show you.', 'start': 3161.054, 'duration': 5.583}], 'summary': 'The python transcript covers list operations and usage, with examples and explanations.', 'duration': 149.611, 'max_score': 3028.933, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C83028933.jpg'}, {'end': 3311.989, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3266.46, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3267.901, 'text': 'these are coming out from our while loop.', 'start': 3266.46, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 3275.464, 'text': 'Now if you compare these two approaches, you can definitely see that the implementation using the for loop is shorter and easier to understand.', 'start': 3268.501, 'duration': 6.963}, {'end': 3280.567, 'text': "We don't have to use the square bracket notation, we don't have to call the length function,", 'start': 3275.905, 'duration': 4.662}, {'end': 3285.269, 'text': "we don't have to declare a variable a loop variable and then increment it explicitly.", 'start': 3280.567, 'duration': 4.702}, {'end': 3292.198, 'text': 'So, with the for loop in each iteration, the item variable will automatically hold one value in this list.', 'start': 3285.909, 'duration': 6.289}, {'end': 3302.079, 'text': "In this tutorial, we're going to talk about the range function in python.", 'start': 3298.996, 'duration': 3.083}, {'end': 3305.743, 'text': 'We use the range function to generate a sequence of numbers.', 'start': 3302.64, 'duration': 3.103}, {'end': 3306.363, 'text': 'Let me show you.', 'start': 3305.903, 'duration': 0.46}, {'end': 3311.989, 'text': 'So, we type range, this is a built in function, just like the print and input functions.', 'start': 3306.924, 'duration': 5.065}], 'summary': 'Comparing for loop and while loop in python, for loop implementation is shorter and easier to understand.', 'duration': 45.529, 'max_score': 3266.46, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C83266460.jpg'}, {'end': 3479.725, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 3425.254, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3430.302, 'text': 'So we get these odd numbers, 5, 7, and 9.', 'start': 3425.254, 'duration': 5.048}, {'end': 3431.903, 'text': 'So this is the range function in python.', 'start': 3430.302, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 3433.344, 'text': 'Like quite often.', 'start': 3432.323, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 3439.988, 'text': "you see the range function used as part of a for loop, because we don't really need to store the result in a separate variable.", 'start': 3433.344, 'duration': 6.644}, {'end': 3444.191, 'text': 'we can call the range function right here, where we are using the numbers variable.', 'start': 3439.988, 'duration': 4.203}, {'end': 3451.176, 'text': 'So we can type range of 5, and this will return a range object holding the numbers 0 to 4.', 'start': 3444.752, 'duration': 6.424}, {'end': 3451.576, 'text': 'Take a look.', 'start': 3451.176, 'duration': 0.4}, {'end': 3453.437, 'text': 'There you go.', 'start': 3453.017, 'duration': 0.42}, {'end': 3457.7, 'text': "So we don't really need to store the result in a separate variable like numbers.", 'start': 3454.118, 'duration': 3.582}, {'end': 3460.122, 'text': 'There you go.', 'start': 3459.682, 'duration': 0.44}, {'end': 3470.141, 'text': "in this tutorial we're going to talk about tuples in python.", 'start': 3467.58, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 3472.322, 'text': 'Tuples are kind of like lists.', 'start': 3470.721, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 3478.965, 'text': 'we use them to store a sequence of objects, but tuples are immutable, which means we cannot change them once we create them.', 'start': 3472.322, 'duration': 6.643}, {'end': 3479.725, 'text': 'Let me show you.', 'start': 3479.265, 'duration': 0.46}], 'summary': 'Python range function returns a range object with 0 to 4 numbers. tuples are immutable in python.', 'duration': 25.607, 'max_score': 3425.254, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C83425254.jpg'}, {'end': 3603.324, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3592.101, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 3596.524, 'text': 'It comes with a 30 day money back guarantee and a certificate of completion you can add to your resume.', 'start': 3592.101, 'duration': 4.423}, {'end': 3599.106, 'text': "In case you're interested, the link is below this video.", 'start': 3596.924, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 3602.262, 'text': 'Hey, Marshall.', 'start': 3601.701, 'duration': 0.561}, {'end': 3603.324, 'text': 'Hey, Marshall.', 'start': 3602.483, 'duration': 0.841}], 'summary': 'Course offers 30-day money-back guarantee and certificate of completion.', 'duration': 11.223, 'max_score': 3592.101, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C83592101.jpg'}], 'start': 3017.026, 'title': 'Python list and range manipulation', 'summary': 'Covers python list manipulation, including insertion, removal, and iteration, and introduces the range function for generating sequences, as well as explaining the immutability and use cases of tuples. it also promotes a comprehensive python course.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3285.269, 'start': 3017.026, 'title': 'Python list manipulation and iteration', 'summary': 'Covers python list manipulation including inserting, removing, clearing items, and checking item existence and quantity in a list. it also demonstrates list iteration using for and while loops, with the for loop being more concise and readable.', 'duration': 268.243, 'highlights': ["The 'insert' method is used to add a value at a specific index in a list, demonstrated by inserting -1 at the beginning of the list.", "The 'remove' method removes a specific value from the list, as shown by removing 3 from the list and verifying the removal.", "The 'clear' method empties the list, demonstrated by clearing all items and verifying the empty list.", "The 'in' operator checks for the existence of an item in the list, illustrated by checking if 1 exists in the list and obtaining a boolean result.", "The 'len' function returns the number of elements in a list, exemplified by obtaining the count of elements in the list.", 'The for loop is used to iterate over a list, allowing access to each item individually, demonstrated by printing each item on a new line using the for loop.', 'The while loop is used for list iteration but is longer and less concise than the for loop, as showcased by iterating over the list using a while loop and comparing it to the for loop implementation.']}, {'end': 3603.324, 'start': 3285.909, 'title': 'Python range and tuples tutorial', 'summary': 'Introduces the range function in python, demonstrating how to generate sequences of numbers and iterate over them using for loops, and then explains tuples in python, highlighting their immutability and use cases, and finally, promoting a comprehensive python course.', 'duration': 317.415, 'highlights': ['The range function in Python is demonstrated, showing how to generate sequences of numbers and iterate over them using for loops, with examples of specifying start, end, and step values, and the common use of the function as part of a for loop.', 'Tuples in Python are explained, emphasizing their immutability and limitations in terms of methods, and the use case of ensuring that a sequence of objects is not accidentally modified.', 'Promotion of a comprehensive Python course is mentioned, highlighting its content, money-back guarantee, and certificate of completion.']}], 'duration': 586.298, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/kqtD5dpn9C8/pics/kqtD5dpn9C83017026.jpg', 'highlights': ['The range function in Python is demonstrated, showing how to generate sequences of numbers and iterate over them using for loops, with examples of specifying start, end, and step values, and the common use of the function as part of a for loop.', 'Tuples in Python are explained, emphasizing their immutability and limitations in terms of methods, and the use case of ensuring that a sequence of objects is not accidentally modified.', "The 'insert' method is used to add a value at a specific index in a list, demonstrated by inserting -1 at the beginning of the list.", "The 'remove' method removes a specific value from the list, as shown by removing 3 from the list and verifying the removal.", "The 'clear' method empties the list, demonstrated by clearing all items and verifying the empty list.", "The 'in' operator checks for the existence of an item in the list, illustrated by checking if 1 exists in the list and obtaining a boolean result.", "The 'len' function returns the number of elements in a list, exemplified by obtaining the count of elements in the list.", 'Promotion of a comprehensive Python course is mentioned, highlighting its content, money-back guarantee, and certificate of completion.', 'The for loop is used to iterate over a list, allowing access to each item individually, demonstrated by printing each item on a new line using the for loop.', 'The while loop is used for list iteration but is longer and less concise than the for loop, as showcased by iterating over the list using a while loop and comparing it to the for loop implementation.']}], 'highlights': ['Python is the number one language for machine learning and data science projects, and is also very popular in web development, with platforms like YouTube, Instagram, Spotify, Dropbox, and Pinterest being powered by Python and Django.', 'Python can be used for automation to save time and increase productivity by automating repetitive tasks.', 'Mosh Hamadani, an experienced instructor, has taught millions of learners how to code through his channel.', 'The tutorial demonstrates the importance of type conversion in Python and other programming languages, emphasizing the need to convert variable types when necessary.', 'The program prints numbers from 1 to 1000 using a while loop, demonstrating the efficiency of this approach compared to writing 1000 lines of code.', 'Python allows manipulation of lists, including adding, accessing, using negative indexing, and changing elements at a specific index.', 'The range function in Python is demonstrated, showing how to generate sequences of numbers and iterate over them using for loops, with examples of specifying start, end, and step values, and the common use of the function as part of a for loop.', 'The chapter introduces comparison operators in Python, emphasizing their importance in evaluating conditions in real Python programs.', "The chapter covers checking if a string contains a specific character or sequence, using the 'find' method and the 'in' operator in Python.", 'The chapter explains logical operators in Python, including logical and, logical or, and not, and demonstrates their usage with practical examples to build complex rules and conditions.']}