title
Python Tutorial for Beginners 2: Strings - Working with Textual Data

description
In this Python Beginner Tutorial, we will begin learning about the string data type. Strings allow us to work with textual data in Python. We will be going over different ways to format strings, and also a lot of useful string methods. Let's get started. The code from this video can be found at: https://github.com/CoreyMSchafer/code_snippets/tree/master/Python-Strings Watch the full Python Beginner Series here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-osiE80TeTskrapNbzXhwoFUiLCjGgY7 Slicing Video: https://youtu.be/ajrtAuDg3yw String Formatting Video: https://youtu.be/vTX3IwquFkc ✅ Support My Channel Through Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/coreyms ✅ Become a Channel Member: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCezIgC97PvUuR4_gbFUs5g/join ✅ One-Time Contribution Through PayPal: https://goo.gl/649HFY ✅ Cryptocurrency Donations: Bitcoin Wallet - 3MPH8oY2EAgbLVy7RBMinwcBntggi7qeG3 Ethereum Wallet - 0x151649418616068fB46C3598083817101d3bCD33 Litecoin Wallet - MPvEBY5fxGkmPQgocfJbxP6EmTo5UUXMot ✅ Corey's Public Amazon Wishlist http://a.co/inIyro1 ✅ Equipment I Use and Books I Recommend: https://www.amazon.com/shop/coreyschafer ▶️ You Can Find Me On: My Website - http://coreyms.com/ My Second Channel - https://www.youtube.com/c/coreymschafer Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/CoreyMSchafer Twitter - https://twitter.com/CoreyMSchafer Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/coreymschafer/ #Python

detail
{'title': 'Python Tutorial for Beginners 2: Strings - Working with Textual Data', 'heatmap': [{'end': 653.156, 'start': 570.19, 'weight': 0.796}, {'end': 1120.4, 'start': 1077.592, 'weight': 0.842}], 'summary': 'This python tutorial for beginners covers the basics of working with textual data, including string representation, variable creation, naming conventions, and methods for string manipulation. it also explains string quoting, accessing individual characters, handling index errors, slicing, and using string methods for lowercase and uppercase conversions, character counting, finding specific character indices, replacing characters, string concatenation, and formatting.', 'chapters': [{'end': 233.924, 'segs': [{'end': 99.289, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 56.081, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 57.303, 'text': "But Python doesn't need that.", 'start': 56.081, 'duration': 1.222}, {'end': 61.709, 'text': 'It operates on whitespace alone, which makes it a very clean language to work with.', 'start': 57.643, 'duration': 4.066}, {'end': 65.171, 'text': 'Now by convention, our variables are usually all lowercase.', 'start': 62.29, 'duration': 2.881}, {'end': 69.293, 'text': "And if it's multiple words, then we separate those with underscore.", 'start': 65.612, 'duration': 3.681}, {'end': 74.996, 'text': 'So if instead my variable name was my message, then it would be my underscore message.', 'start': 69.453, 'duration': 5.543}, {'end': 77.197, 'text': "So that's just a convention that's commonly used.", 'start': 75.016, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 83.32, 'text': "And also these variable names should be as descriptive as possible as to what values they're meant to hold.", 'start': 77.797, 'duration': 5.523}, {'end': 87.823, 'text': "So message is a good variable name here because it's holding our message.", 'start': 83.7, 'duration': 4.123}, {'end': 96.307, 'text': "But if I was instead to call this variable M, which is a valid variable name, but anyone reading my code now wouldn't know,", 'start': 88.303, 'duration': 8.004}, {'end': 99.289, 'text': "when they see this M variable, what value it's supposed to hold.", 'start': 96.307, 'duration': 2.982}], 'summary': 'Python operates on whitespace, uses lowercase and underscore for variables, and emphasizes descriptive variable names.', 'duration': 43.208, 'max_score': 56.081, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo56081.jpg'}, {'end': 166.6, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 138.861, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 145.785, 'text': "So for example, if you have a single quote in your string, so for example, let's create one with a single quote.", 'start': 138.861, 'duration': 6.924}, {'end': 150.008, 'text': "Instead of hello world, I will instead make our string Bobby's world.", 'start': 145.885, 'duration': 4.123}, {'end': 158.538, 'text': 'Now see, the problem here is that Python sees this single quote within our text as being the end of the string.', 'start': 150.856, 'duration': 7.682}, {'end': 166.6, 'text': "And it's not going to know what to do with what comes after that single quote here, because it thinks that's where the string is closing.", 'start': 158.838, 'duration': 7.762}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating the issue with single quotes in strings in python.', 'duration': 27.739, 'max_score': 138.861, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo138861.jpg'}, {'end': 242.792, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 215.185, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 220.128, 'text': 'If your string contains double quotes in the message, then I would use single quotes on the outside.', 'start': 215.185, 'duration': 4.943}, {'end': 228.317, 'text': 'Now if we needed to create a multi-line string, And one way we can do this is by using three quotes at the beginning and end of our string.', 'start': 220.668, 'duration': 7.649}, {'end': 232.002, 'text': 'And these can also be single or double quotes as well.', 'start': 228.837, 'duration': 3.165}, {'end': 233.924, 'text': "So let's go ahead and look at an example.", 'start': 232.342, 'duration': 1.582}, {'end': 238.651, 'text': "So I'll add three quotes to the beginning and end of our string here.", 'start': 234.305, 'duration': 4.346}, {'end': 242.792, 'text': "now i'll just add some text to span some multiple lines here.", 'start': 240.47, 'duration': 2.322}], 'summary': 'Using single or double quotes to create multi-line strings with examples.', 'duration': 27.607, 'max_score': 215.185, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo215185.jpg'}], 'start': 0.209, 'title': 'Python textual data basics and string quoting', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of working with textual data in python including string representation, variable creation, and naming conventions. it also explains string quoting in python, addressing issues with single quotes, and creating multi-line strings using three quotes.', 'chapters': [{'end': 121.71, 'start': 0.209, 'title': 'Python textual data basics', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of working with textual data in python, including the representation of textual data with strings, creating variables to hold text values, and conventions for variable naming and usage in python.', 'duration': 121.501, 'highlights': ["Python operates on whitespace alone, making it a clean language to work with. Python doesn't require semicolons or other line-ending markers, operating solely on whitespace, which contributes to its clean and readable syntax.", 'Variables in Python are conventionally named using all lowercase letters and separated by underscores for multiple words. Python conventionally uses lowercase variable names, with underscores to separate multiple words, resulting in descriptive and readable variable names.', "Descriptive variable names, such as 'message' for text data, are recommended for clarity and readability in code. Using descriptive variable names, like 'message' for text data, enhances code clarity and readability, aiding other developers in understanding the purpose of the variables."]}, {'end': 233.924, 'start': 121.85, 'title': 'String quoting in python', 'summary': 'Explains the difference between single and double quotes in python strings, the issues with single quotes within a string, and how to handle them using escape characters or double quotes, and also discusses the creation of multi-line strings using three quotes.', 'duration': 112.074, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the difference between single and double quotes in Python strings. It discusses the usage of single and double quotes for creating strings and mentions that the choice depends on the text within the string.', 'It discusses the issues with single quotes within a string and how to handle them using escape characters or double quotes. It explains the problem of using single quotes within a string, how it can lead to errors, and provides solutions like using escape characters or double quotes.', 'The chapter also discusses creating multi-line strings using three quotes. It mentions the use of three quotes at the beginning and end of a string to create multi-line strings and clarifies that these quotes can be single or double.']}], 'duration': 233.715, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo209.jpg', 'highlights': ["Python operates on whitespace alone, making it a clean language to work with. Python doesn't require semicolons or other line-ending markers, operating solely on whitespace, which contributes to its clean and readable syntax.", "Descriptive variable names, such as 'message' for text data, are recommended for clarity and readability in code. Using descriptive variable names, like 'message' for text data, enhances code clarity and readability, aiding other developers in understanding the purpose of the variables.", 'Variables in Python are conventionally named using all lowercase letters and separated by underscores for multiple words. Python conventionally uses lowercase variable names, with underscores to separate multiple words, resulting in descriptive and readable variable names.', 'The chapter explains the difference between single and double quotes in Python strings. It discusses the usage of single and double quotes for creating strings and mentions that the choice depends on the text within the string.', 'The chapter also discusses creating multi-line strings using three quotes. It mentions the use of three quotes at the beginning and end of a string to create multi-line strings and clarifies that these quotes can be single or double.', 'It discusses the issues with single quotes within a string and how to handle them using escape characters or double quotes. It explains the problem of using single quotes within a string, how it can lead to errors, and provides solutions like using escape characters or double quotes.']}, {'end': 482.471, 'segs': [{'end': 331.868, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 282.21, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 286.674, 'text': 'so to do this we can use the len function, which stands for length.', 'start': 282.21, 'duration': 4.464}, {'end': 290.957, 'text': 'so Whenever I print out here, if I was instead of printing my message,', 'start': 286.674, 'duration': 4.283}, {'end': 298.82, 'text': "if I was to print out this length function and pass in message and then run this, now we're no longer printing out our message.", 'start': 290.957, 'duration': 7.863}, {'end': 300.921, 'text': "we're printing out the length of our message.", 'start': 298.82, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 305.264, 'text': 'And we can see that it says that the length of our string is 11.', 'start': 301.242, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 311.775, 'text': "And if we counted these up, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, And we can see that that's correct.", 'start': 305.264, 'duration': 6.511}, {'end': 315.097, 'text': 'And we can access our strings characters individually.', 'start': 312.275, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 323.522, 'text': 'So to do this, we can use the square brackets after our string and pass in the location of the character that we want.', 'start': 315.477, 'duration': 8.045}, {'end': 327.785, 'text': "So I'll say print message and then square brackets.", 'start': 323.902, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 331.868, 'text': 'Now the location is called an index and it starts out as zero.', 'start': 328.345, 'duration': 3.523}], 'summary': 'Using len function to find string length and accessing characters by index in python.', 'duration': 49.658, 'max_score': 282.21, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo282210.jpg'}, {'end': 401.44, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 357.065, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 365.952, 'text': 'So if I was to say print out the location at index 10, the value at index 10, then we can see that we got our D character,', 'start': 357.065, 'duration': 8.887}, {'end': 367.835, 'text': 'which is the last character in that string.', 'start': 365.952, 'duration': 1.883}, {'end': 372.882, 'text': "Now if you accidentally try to access an index that doesn't exist, then you'll get an index error.", 'start': 368.335, 'duration': 4.547}, {'end': 379.431, 'text': 'So if we were to say, access the index of 11, then we can see that that threw an index error.', 'start': 373.002, 'duration': 6.429}, {'end': 382.433, 'text': 'Now we can also access a range of characters.', 'start': 379.932, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 393.417, 'text': "So if I just wanted to get the word hello from our string, then we could say that we want a zero and then this colon five, and we'll explain this.", 'start': 382.733, 'duration': 10.684}, {'end': 396.378, 'text': 'So the first index here is our starting point.', 'start': 393.957, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 401.44, 'text': 'And the second in that index, which is separated by this colon is the stopping point.', 'start': 396.718, 'duration': 4.722}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates string indexing and slicing, accessing values and handling errors.', 'duration': 44.375, 'max_score': 357.065, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo357065.jpg'}, {'end': 491.978, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 465.027, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 472.529, 'text': 'And just like leaving off our starting index, it will start from the beginning, leaving off the stop index just goes all the way to the end.', 'start': 465.027, 'duration': 7.502}, {'end': 477.19, 'text': 'So now if we run that and we can see that it gives us back the word world.', 'start': 472.869, 'duration': 4.321}, {'end': 479.85, 'text': "Now, what we're doing here is called slicing.", 'start': 477.67, 'duration': 2.18}, {'end': 482.471, 'text': "And if you'd like to learn more about slicing in depth,", 'start': 480.15, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 487.215, 'text': "then you can watch my detailed video on that and I'll leave a link to that in the description section below.", 'start': 482.731, 'duration': 4.484}, {'end': 491.978, 'text': "So now let's just go back to printing out our message and let me run this.", 'start': 487.835, 'duration': 4.143}], 'summary': 'Learning about slicing and indexing in python, with a link to a detailed video.', 'duration': 26.951, 'max_score': 465.027, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo465027.jpg'}], 'start': 234.305, 'title': 'Working with strings in python', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of working with strings in python, including adding quotes to strings, finding the length of a string, accessing individual characters, handling index errors, and demonstrates the concept of slicing in python strings, providing examples of accessing specific characters and extracting specific words from a string.', 'chapters': [{'end': 379.431, 'start': 234.305, 'title': 'Working with strings in python', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of working with strings in python, including adding quotes to strings, finding the length of a string, accessing individual characters, and handling index errors.', 'duration': 145.126, 'highlights': ['Accessing the length of a string using the len() function The length of the string is found to be 11 characters using the len() function, providing a quantifiable value for the string length.', 'Accessing individual characters in a string using index Demonstrates accessing individual characters in a string using index, including the concept of zero-based indexing and obtaining the last character by subtracting 1 from the total length.', 'Handling index errors when accessing characters beyond the string length Explanation of the concept of index errors when trying to access characters beyond the string length, illustrated by attempting to access index 11 resulting in an index error.']}, {'end': 482.471, 'start': 379.932, 'title': 'Accessing string characters and slicing', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of slicing in python strings, demonstrating how to access specific characters within a string using index slicing and providing examples of extracting specific words from a string.', 'duration': 102.539, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the concept of slicing in Python strings The chapter introduces the concept of slicing in Python strings, a technique used to extract specific segments of a string based on index positions.', 'Demonstrating how to access specific characters within a string using index slicing The chapter provides examples of using index slicing to access specific characters within a string, illustrating how to specify starting and stopping points to extract desired segments.', "Providing examples of extracting specific words from a string The chapter demonstrates extracting specific words from a string by specifying the index range, showcasing the process of obtaining words like 'hello' and 'world' from the given string."]}], 'duration': 248.166, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo234305.jpg', 'highlights': ['Accessing the length of a string using the len() function The length of the string is found to be 11 characters using the len() function, providing a quantifiable value for the string length.', 'Demonstrating how to access specific characters within a string using index slicing The chapter provides examples of using index slicing to access specific characters within a string, illustrating how to specify starting and stopping points to extract desired segments.', "Providing examples of extracting specific words from a string The chapter demonstrates extracting specific words from a string by specifying the index range, showcasing the process of obtaining words like 'hello' and 'world' from the given string.", 'Accessing individual characters in a string using index Demonstrates accessing individual characters in a string using index, including the concept of zero-based indexing and obtaining the last character by subtracting 1 from the total length.', 'The chapter explains the concept of slicing in Python strings The chapter introduces the concept of slicing in Python strings, a technique used to extract specific segments of a string based on index positions.', 'Handling index errors when accessing characters beyond the string length Explanation of the concept of index errors when trying to access characters beyond the string length, illustrated by attempting to access index 11 resulting in an index error.']}, {'end': 648.115, 'segs': [{'end': 588.295, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 521.164, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 522.085, 'text': 'So, like I was saying,', 'start': 521.164, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 529.232, 'text': "the data types that we'll be going over all have certain methods available to us that give us access to a lot of useful functionality.", 'start': 522.085, 'duration': 7.147}, {'end': 531.955, 'text': "So let's look at some of these string methods.", 'start': 529.552, 'duration': 2.403}, {'end': 536.657, 'text': 'So we can see here that our hello world text is capitalized.', 'start': 532.415, 'duration': 4.242}, {'end': 540.218, 'text': "But let's say that we wanted that to be all lowercase.", 'start': 536.997, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 544.599, 'text': "Now to do this, it's just as easy as saying print message.", 'start': 540.538, 'duration': 4.061}, {'end': 548.501, 'text': 'And then to lowercase this, we can say dot lower.', 'start': 545.02, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 555.283, 'text': "Now when we run this dot lower with these parentheses here, that's running the lower method on the string.", 'start': 549.54, 'duration': 5.743}, {'end': 560.525, 'text': 'So when we ran that, we can see that now our hello world has been set to all lowercase.', 'start': 555.743, 'duration': 4.782}, {'end': 566.268, 'text': "And if we wanted to do this to uppercase, then it's as easy as changing that lower to upper.", 'start': 560.886, 'duration': 5.382}, {'end': 569.59, 'text': 'If we run that, now we can see that hello world is all uppercase.', 'start': 566.468, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 573.512, 'text': "So now let's say that we want to count a certain number of characters in our string.", 'start': 570.19, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 575.653, 'text': 'And to do that, we can use the count method.', 'start': 573.812, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 579.254, 'text': 'And the count method actually takes a string as an argument.', 'start': 575.993, 'duration': 3.261}, {'end': 582.814, 'text': 'So we can say message.count.', 'start': 579.614, 'duration': 3.2}, {'end': 585.195, 'text': 'And now we have to pass in an argument.', 'start': 583.234, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 588.295, 'text': 'And it has to know what we want to count in our message.', 'start': 585.595, 'duration': 2.7}], 'summary': 'Review of string methods including tolowercase, touppercase, and count.', 'duration': 67.131, 'max_score': 521.164, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo521164.jpg'}, {'end': 633.543, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 608.343, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 614.088, 'text': 'So if we instead want to find the index of where certain characters can be found, then we can use the find method.', 'start': 608.343, 'duration': 5.745}, {'end': 616.369, 'text': 'So I could come up here, instead of saying .', 'start': 614.408, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 617.891, 'text': 'count, I can say .', 'start': 616.369, 'duration': 1.522}, {'end': 620.433, 'text': 'find And now this takes an argument as well.', 'start': 617.891, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 621.954, 'text': "It's what we want to find.", 'start': 620.573, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 625.097, 'text': 'So let me type in world here and run this.', 'start': 622.274, 'duration': 2.823}, {'end': 628.439, 'text': 'And we can see when we run this that it returns a six.', 'start': 625.677, 'duration': 2.762}, {'end': 633.543, 'text': "And that's because world starts at the sixth index of our message variable.", 'start': 628.88, 'duration': 4.663}], 'summary': "The find method locates characters, returning their index, like 'world' at index 6.", 'duration': 25.2, 'max_score': 608.343, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo608343.jpg'}], 'start': 482.731, 'title': 'String methods review', 'summary': 'Discusses the available methods for string manipulation, such as lowercase and uppercase conversions, character counting, and finding specific character indices.', 'chapters': [{'end': 648.115, 'start': 482.731, 'title': 'String methods review', 'summary': 'Discusses the methods available for string manipulation, including lowercase and uppercase conversions, character counting, and finding the index of specific characters within a string.', 'duration': 165.384, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the methods available for string manipulation. The chapter covers various methods for string manipulation, providing a comprehensive overview of the available functionalities.', "Lowercase and uppercase conversions are demonstrated with practical examples. Practical examples showcase the conversion of a string to lowercase and uppercase using the 'lower' and 'upper' methods.", "Character counting using the 'count' method is illustrated with specific examples. The 'count' method is demonstrated with specific examples, showcasing the ability to count occurrences of specific characters within a string.", "Finding the index of specific characters using the 'find' method is explained. The 'find' method is explained, detailing how it can be used to locate the index of specific characters within a string, including scenarios where the characters are not found."]}], 'duration': 165.384, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo482731.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter covers various methods for string manipulation, providing a comprehensive overview of the available functionalities.', "Practical examples showcase the conversion of a string to lowercase and uppercase using the 'lower' and 'upper' methods.", "The 'count' method is demonstrated with specific examples, showcasing the ability to count occurrences of specific characters within a string.", "The 'find' method is explained, detailing how it can be used to locate the index of specific characters within a string, including scenarios where the characters are not found."]}, {'end': 1258.625, 'segs': [{'end': 676.86, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 648.675, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 653.156, 'text': "Okay, so now let's say that we want to replace some characters in our string with some other characters.", 'start': 648.675, 'duration': 4.481}, {'end': 655.576, 'text': 'And we can do this with the replace method.', 'start': 653.516, 'duration': 2.06}, {'end': 661.357, 'text': "Now first, I'm going to change this change this back to printing out our regular message.", 'start': 655.916, 'duration': 5.441}, {'end': 663.438, 'text': "So I'll just delete these.", 'start': 661.557, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 668.338, 'text': "Now let's try to use our replace method right below where we first set our message variable.", 'start': 664.138, 'duration': 4.2}, {'end': 670.719, 'text': 'And this method takes two arguments.', 'start': 668.738, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 673.199, 'text': 'First, it takes what we want to replace.', 'start': 671.379, 'duration': 1.82}, {'end': 676.86, 'text': 'So first, let me just say message dot replace.', 'start': 673.539, 'duration': 3.321}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating usage of the replace method for character replacement in a string.', 'duration': 28.185, 'max_score': 648.675, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo648675.jpg'}, {'end': 727.649, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 696.092, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 698.594, 'text': "We can see that it's still printing out hello world.", 'start': 696.092, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 704.357, 'text': "Now the reason our replacement didn't work is because it's not making that replacement in place.", 'start': 698.974, 'duration': 5.383}, {'end': 708.179, 'text': "It's actually returning a new string with those values replaced.", 'start': 704.718, 'duration': 3.461}, {'end': 711.881, 'text': "And we'll learn more about return statements when we learn about functions.", 'start': 708.56, 'duration': 3.321}, {'end': 718.525, 'text': 'But basically, we need to set a new variable here to get that return string with those replacements.', 'start': 712.262, 'duration': 6.263}, {'end': 722.227, 'text': 'So I could say something like new message.', 'start': 718.885, 'duration': 3.342}, {'end': 727.649, 'text': 'is equal to that original method with this replacement.', 'start': 722.947, 'duration': 4.702}], 'summary': "Printing 'hello world', replacement not in place, new string returned, need new variable for return string.", 'duration': 31.557, 'max_score': 696.092, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo696092.jpg'}, {'end': 770.206, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 743.757, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 747.618, 'text': 'then we can just set this same message variable again.', 'start': 743.757, 'duration': 3.861}, {'end': 753.1, 'text': "So now we're setting the same message variable equal to that replacement and then printing it out.", 'start': 748.138, 'duration': 4.962}, {'end': 758.682, 'text': 'So if I run that, then we can see that now the message variable had world replaced with universe.', 'start': 753.46, 'duration': 5.222}, {'end': 765.984, 'text': "And this may look a little strange to set a variable to an altered version of itself, but it's very common and you'll be using that a lot.", 'start': 759.022, 'duration': 6.962}, {'end': 770.206, 'text': "Okay, so now let's get rid of this replace line here.", 'start': 766.624, 'duration': 3.582}], 'summary': 'Setting variable to altered version, common usage in coding.', 'duration': 26.449, 'max_score': 743.757, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo743757.jpg'}, {'end': 866.909, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 840.2, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 845.362, 'text': "And now we also need another plus sign so that we're adding the name after that string.", 'start': 840.2, 'duration': 5.162}, {'end': 853.113, 'text': "So now we're saying that we want this greeting, which is hello, plus this comma and space, plus the name.", 'start': 845.802, 'duration': 7.311}, {'end': 857.84, 'text': 'So if I run this, then we can see that it concatenated those strings together how we wanted.', 'start': 853.293, 'duration': 4.547}, {'end': 861.405, 'text': "Now, sometimes using the plus sign isn't the best way to go.", 'start': 858.281, 'duration': 3.124}, {'end': 866.909, 'text': 'If we wanted to create a longer, more complicated string while using our variables,', 'start': 861.866, 'duration': 5.043}], 'summary': 'Concatenating strings using plus sign, considers other methods for complex strings.', 'duration': 26.709, 'max_score': 840.2, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo840200.jpg'}, {'end': 999.128, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 969.604, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 974.967, 'text': "It might look a little confusing now, since we're just seeing these placeholders for the first time, but after you get used to this,", 'start': 969.604, 'duration': 5.363}, {'end': 979.15, 'text': 'you will realize that this is easier than keeping track of all those concatenations.', 'start': 974.967, 'duration': 4.183}, {'end': 985.675, 'text': 'And using string formatting like this also gives us some extra functionality, and if you want to see everything that you can do with that,', 'start': 979.73, 'duration': 5.945}, {'end': 990.92, 'text': "then I do have a detailed, in-depth video on string formatting and I'll add that to the description section below.", 'start': 985.675, 'duration': 5.245}, {'end': 999.128, 'text': "Okay, and lastly, if you're using Python 3.6 or above, then you'll have access to these new things called F-strings.", 'start': 991.541, 'duration': 7.587}], 'summary': 'Using string formatting in python is easier and provides extra functionality, especially with f-strings in python 3.6 or above.', 'duration': 29.524, 'max_score': 969.604, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo969604.jpg'}, {'end': 1076.972, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1048.697, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1051.738, 'text': 'And like I said, these F strings are pretty new to the language.', 'start': 1048.697, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 1056.379, 'text': 'So even people who are very familiar with Python may be seeing this for the first time.', 'start': 1052.038, 'duration': 4.341}, {'end': 1062.241, 'text': 'Now, one reason I really like these F strings is because you can actually write code within the placeholder.', 'start': 1056.82, 'duration': 5.421}, {'end': 1065.122, 'text': 'So if I wanted the name and all caps for some reason,', 'start': 1062.541, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 1072.828, 'text': 'then I could just come into the placeholder here and say name.upper and run that directly within the placeholder.', 'start': 1065.523, 'duration': 7.305}, {'end': 1076.972, 'text': 'If I run that, then you can see that now our name was capitalized.', 'start': 1073.189, 'duration': 3.783}], 'summary': 'F strings in python allow code within placeholders, like name.upper for capitalizing names.', 'duration': 28.275, 'max_score': 1048.697, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo1048697.jpg'}, {'end': 1120.4, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1077.592, 'weight': 0.842, 'content': [{'end': 1083.096, 'text': "Okay, so we're almost finished up, but I wanted to show you one last trick here when you're learning something new in Python.", 'start': 1077.592, 'duration': 5.504}, {'end': 1086.539, 'text': 'So we saw a lot of different methods that we could use on our strings.', 'start': 1083.436, 'duration': 3.103}, {'end': 1091.943, 'text': "Now, if we ever wanted to see everything that's available to us, then there are a couple of things that we can do.", 'start': 1086.859, 'duration': 5.084}, {'end': 1097.507, 'text': 'So first we can use this dir function, and that looks like this.', 'start': 1092.563, 'duration': 4.944}, {'end': 1107.777, 'text': 'And what this does is if we pass in a variable, then it will show us all of the attributes and methods that we have access to with that variable.', 'start': 1098.148, 'duration': 9.629}, {'end': 1114.318, 'text': "Now don't worry about all of these double underscore methods yet, but if we look down here,", 'start': 1108.277, 'duration': 6.041}, {'end': 1117.719, 'text': "then we'll see a couple of familiar methods that we used in this video.", 'start': 1114.318, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 1120.4, 'text': 'So for example, we have .', 'start': 1118.539, 'duration': 1.861}], 'summary': 'In python, the dir function displays all attributes and methods available for a given variable.', 'duration': 42.808, 'max_score': 1077.592, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo1077592.jpg'}, {'end': 1221.42, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1202.204, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1215.216, 'text': 'using that dir function and that help function is a great way to get a broad overview of the methods and attributes that are available to you and also what using the help function gives you an idea of what those methods do,', 'start': 1202.204, 'duration': 13.012}, {'end': 1218.378, 'text': 'without actually you know going online and checking everything there.', 'start': 1215.216, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 1221.42, 'text': 'okay, so i think that is going to do it for this video.', 'start': 1219.139, 'duration': 2.281}], 'summary': 'Using dir and help functions provides an overview of available methods and attributes, eliminating the need to check online.', 'duration': 19.216, 'max_score': 1202.204, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo1202204.jpg'}], 'start': 648.675, 'title': 'Python string manipulation', 'summary': 'Covers using the replace method in python to replace characters in a string, emphasizing the process with examples and the need to capture the return string, as well as explaining string concatenation and formatting using plus sign operator, string literals, formatted strings, and f-strings, while also providing guidance on exploring available string methods using dir and help functions.', 'chapters': [{'end': 765.984, 'start': 648.675, 'title': 'Using the replace method in python', 'summary': 'Explains how to use the replace method in python to replace characters in a string, highlighting the process of using the replace method with examples, and emphasizing the need to set a new variable to capture the return string with the replacements.', 'duration': 117.309, 'highlights': ['The replace method in Python can be used to replace characters in a string, taking two arguments: the character we want to replace and the character we want to replace it with.', 'The method returns a new string with the specified values replaced, and it is necessary to set a new variable to capture the return string with the replacements.', 'It is common to set a variable to an altered version of itself when using the replace method in Python.']}, {'end': 1258.625, 'start': 766.624, 'title': 'String concatenation and formatting', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of string concatenation and formatting in python, demonstrating the use of plus sign operator, string literals, formatted strings, and f-strings, highlighting the benefits and simplicity of f-strings and providing guidance on exploring available string methods using dir and help functions.', 'duration': 492.001, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the concept of F-strings, demonstrating the simplicity and benefits of using F-strings for string formatting, and showcasing the ability to write code within the placeholders, exemplified by capitalizing the name within the F-string. The chapter emphasizes the advantages of F-strings for string formatting, showcasing the ability to directly write variables within placeholders and execute code within the placeholders, such as capitalizing the name within the F-string.', 'The chapter demonstrates the use of formatted strings, highlighting their readability and ease of use for creating longer and more complex strings, as well as providing guidance on replacing concatenation with formatted strings for improved code readability. The chapter showcases the use of formatted strings as a better alternative to concatenation for creating longer and more complex strings, emphasizing their readability and providing guidance on replacing concatenation with formatted strings for improved code readability.', 'The chapter illustrates the use of the plus sign operator for string concatenation, including the common mistake of omitting the space between strings, and suggests using string literals to separate concatenated strings and avoid errors. The chapter highlights the use of the plus sign operator for string concatenation, including the common mistake of omitting the space between strings, and suggests using string literals to separate concatenated strings and avoid errors.', 'The chapter provides guidance on exploring available string methods using dir and help functions, emphasizing the usefulness of these functions in gaining a comprehensive understanding of string attributes and methods. The chapter emphasizes the usefulness of dir and help functions in exploring available string methods, providing guidance on utilizing these functions to gain a comprehensive understanding of string attributes and methods.']}], 'duration': 609.95, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/k9TUPpGqYTo/pics/k9TUPpGqYTo648675.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the advantages of F-strings for string formatting, showcasing the ability to directly write variables within placeholders and execute code within the placeholders, such as capitalizing the name within the F-string.', 'The chapter illustrates the use of the plus sign operator for string concatenation, including the common mistake of omitting the space between strings, and suggests using string literals to separate concatenated strings and avoid errors.', 'The chapter demonstrates the use of formatted strings, highlighting their readability and ease of use for creating longer and more complex strings, as well as providing guidance on replacing concatenation with formatted strings for improved code readability.', 'The replace method in Python can be used to replace characters in a string, taking two arguments: the character we want to replace and the character we want to replace it with.', 'The method returns a new string with the specified values replaced, and it is necessary to set a new variable to capture the return string with the replacements.', 'The chapter provides guidance on exploring available string methods using dir and help functions, emphasizing the usefulness of these functions in gaining a comprehensive understanding of string attributes and methods.', 'It is common to set a variable to an altered version of itself when using the replace method in Python.']}], 'highlights': ["Python operates on whitespace alone, making it a clean language to work with. Python doesn't require semicolons or other line-ending markers, operating solely on whitespace, which contributes to its clean and readable syntax.", "Descriptive variable names, such as 'message' for text data, are recommended for clarity and readability in code. Using descriptive variable names, like 'message' for text data, enhances code clarity and readability, aiding other developers in understanding the purpose of the variables.", 'Variables in Python are conventionally named using all lowercase letters and separated by underscores for multiple words. Python conventionally uses lowercase variable names, with underscores to separate multiple words, resulting in descriptive and readable variable names.', 'The chapter explains the difference between single and double quotes in Python strings. It discusses the usage of single and double quotes for creating strings and mentions that the choice depends on the text within the string.', 'The chapter also discusses creating multi-line strings using three quotes. It mentions the use of three quotes at the beginning and end of a string to create multi-line strings and clarifies that these quotes can be single or double.', 'It discusses the issues with single quotes within a string and how to handle them using escape characters or double quotes. It explains the problem of using single quotes within a string, how it can lead to errors, and provides solutions like using escape characters or double quotes.', 'The chapter emphasizes the advantages of F-strings for string formatting, showcasing the ability to directly write variables within placeholders and execute code within the placeholders, such as capitalizing the name within the F-string.', 'The chapter illustrates the use of the plus sign operator for string concatenation, including the common mistake of omitting the space between strings, and suggests using string literals to separate concatenated strings and avoid errors.', 'The chapter demonstrates the use of formatted strings, highlighting their readability and ease of use for creating longer and more complex strings, as well as providing guidance on replacing concatenation with formatted strings for improved code readability.', 'The replace method in Python can be used to replace characters in a string, taking two arguments: the character we want to replace and the character we want to replace it with.', 'The method returns a new string with the specified values replaced, and it is necessary to set a new variable to capture the return string with the replacements.', 'The chapter provides guidance on exploring available string methods using dir and help functions, emphasizing the usefulness of these functions in gaining a comprehensive understanding of string attributes and methods.', 'It is common to set a variable to an altered version of itself when using the replace method in Python.', 'The chapter covers various methods for string manipulation, providing a comprehensive overview of the available functionalities.', "Practical examples showcase the conversion of a string to lowercase and uppercase using the 'lower' and 'upper' methods.", "The 'count' method is demonstrated with specific examples, showcasing the ability to count occurrences of specific characters within a string.", "The 'find' method is explained, detailing how it can be used to locate the index of specific characters within a string, including scenarios where the characters are not found.", 'Accessing the length of a string using the len() function The length of the string is found to be 11 characters using the len() function, providing a quantifiable value for the string length.', 'Demonstrating how to access specific characters within a string using index slicing The chapter provides examples of using index slicing to access specific characters within a string, illustrating how to specify starting and stopping points to extract desired segments.', "Providing examples of extracting specific words from a string The chapter demonstrates extracting specific words from a string by specifying the index range, showcasing the process of obtaining words like 'hello' and 'world' from the given string.", 'Accessing individual characters in a string using index Demonstrates accessing individual characters in a string using index, including the concept of zero-based indexing and obtaining the last character by subtracting 1 from the total length.', 'The chapter explains the concept of slicing in Python strings The chapter introduces the concept of slicing in Python strings, a technique used to extract specific segments of a string based on index positions.', 'Handling index errors when accessing characters beyond the string length Explanation of the concept of index errors when trying to access characters beyond the string length, illustrated by attempting to access index 11 resulting in an index error.']}