title
Stacks (Program 1) – Part 1

description
Data Structures: Stacks (Program 1) – Part 1 Topics discussed: 1) Writing a C program to implement a stack in an array stack_arr[ ] using stack_arr[0] as the top element. 2) C program to execute the following operations: a) Keeping a track of the first inserted element. b) Shifting all the elements one step towards the right and pushing the new element at index 0. Data Structures: https://bit.ly/3hjudFV C Programming: https://goo.gl/7Eh2SS Follow Neso Academy on Instagram: @nesoacademy(https://bit.ly/2XP63OE) Follow me on Instagram: @jaspreetedu(https://bit.ly/2YX26E5) Contribute: http://www.nesoacademy.org/donate Memberships: https://bit.ly/2U7YSPI Books: http://www.nesoacademy.org/recommended-books Website ► http://www.nesoacademy.org/ Forum ► http://forum.nesoacademy.org/ Facebook ► https://goo.gl/Nt0PmB Twitter ► https://twitter.com/nesoacademy Music: Axol x Alex Skrindo - You [NCS Release] #DataStructuresByNeso #DataStructures #Stacks

detail
{'title': 'Stacks (Program 1) – Part 1', 'heatmap': [{'end': 693.544, 'start': 564.754, 'weight': 0.706}, {'value': 0.7510671820809693, 'end_time': 693.544, 'start_time': 618.012}, {'end': 723.499, 'start': 697.667, 'weight': 0.709}, {'end': 906.561, 'start': 888.192, 'weight': 0.755}], 'summary': "Covers stack arr0, demonstrating its initial and current state, insertion of new elements, and the variable 'top' holding the index of the last inserted element. it also discusses implementing a stack in an array, checking stack capacity, and the logic of the stack push function, with a demonstration of a stack with a maximum capacity of 5 elements.", 'chapters': [{'end': 117.269, 'segs': [{'end': 33.996, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6.397, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 9.18, 'text': 'Hello everyone, welcome to C programming and data structures.', 'start': 6.397, 'duration': 2.783}, {'end': 13.985, 'text': 'In this presentation, we will see this program that is stack ARR0 as the top.', 'start': 9.4, 'duration': 4.585}, {'end': 17.228, 'text': 'This is part 1 of stack ARR0 as the top.', 'start': 14.125, 'duration': 3.103}, {'end': 19.791, 'text': "So, without any further delay, let's get started.", 'start': 17.789, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 24.829, 'text': 'This is the initial state of stack ARR.', 'start': 21.186, 'duration': 3.643}, {'end': 28.332, 'text': 'Assume that this is the initial state of this stack ARR.', 'start': 24.929, 'duration': 3.403}, {'end': 31.174, 'text': 'This is nothing but an array which is representing a stack.', 'start': 28.552, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 33.996, 'text': "That's why I've named it stack ARR.", 'start': 31.574, 'duration': 2.422}], 'summary': 'Introduction to c programming and data structures, focusing on stack arr0 as the top.', 'duration': 27.599, 'max_score': 6.397, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jj7q_LfW0hQ/pics/jj7q_LfW0hQ6397.jpg'}, {'end': 74.949, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 52.25, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 61.598, 'text': "Isn't that so? This is the topmost element of the stack, right? The newly inserted element must be the topmost element of the stack.", 'start': 52.25, 'duration': 9.348}, {'end': 65.461, 'text': 'And here obviously the topmost element changes with time.', 'start': 62.178, 'duration': 3.283}, {'end': 68.123, 'text': 'Here you can see this is the topmost element.', 'start': 66.021, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 74.949, 'text': 'If we try to add a new element, the new element will be inserted in this position and then this becomes the topmost element.', 'start': 68.503, 'duration': 6.446}], 'summary': 'Stack demonstrates dynamic topmost element insertion.', 'duration': 22.699, 'max_score': 52.25, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jj7q_LfW0hQ/pics/jj7q_LfW0hQ52250.jpg'}], 'start': 6.397, 'title': 'Stack arr0 as the top', 'summary': "Introduces stack arr0, explaining its initial and current state, and the topmost element, demonstrating insertion of new elements and the variable 'top' holding the index of the last inserted element.", 'chapters': [{'end': 117.269, 'start': 6.397, 'title': 'Stack arr0 as the top', 'summary': "Introduces the stack arr0 and explains its initial state, current state, and the topmost element, demonstrating the insertion of new elements and the variable 'top' holding the index of the last inserted element.", 'duration': 110.872, 'highlights': ['The topmost element of stack is five, and the stack currently has four elements.', 'The new element will be inserted at a specific position, becoming the topmost element.', "The variable 'top' holds the value 3, indicating the index of the last inserted element or the topmost element of the stack."]}], 'duration': 110.872, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jj7q_LfW0hQ/pics/jj7q_LfW0hQ6397.jpg', 'highlights': ['The topmost element of stack is five, and the stack currently has four elements.', "The variable 'top' holds the value 3, indicating the index of the last inserted element or the topmost element of the stack.", 'The new element will be inserted at a specific position, becoming the topmost element.']}, {'end': 372.074, 'segs': [{'end': 195.459, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 165.942, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 168.323, 'text': 'We will first increment the top by 1.', 'start': 165.942, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 169.964, 'text': 'You already know what this max is.', 'start': 168.323, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 175.027, 'text': 'I am assuming that you already know what is the max variable.', 'start': 169.984, 'duration': 5.043}, {'end': 179.91, 'text': 'It is important to watch the previous lectures before moving on to this lecture.', 'start': 175.688, 'duration': 4.222}, {'end': 183.552, 'text': 'So let us first increment the top variable by 1.', 'start': 180.27, 'duration': 3.282}, {'end': 185.173, 'text': 'Here it will become 4.', 'start': 183.552, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 188.275, 'text': 'And after this we will call stack ARR top.', 'start': 185.173, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 192.817, 'text': 'And here in this position we will store our data.', 'start': 188.775, 'duration': 4.042}, {'end': 195.459, 'text': 'The data which we have received.', 'start': 193.878, 'duration': 1.581}], 'summary': 'Increment top variable by 1, store data in stack arr at position 4.', 'duration': 29.517, 'max_score': 165.942, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jj7q_LfW0hQ/pics/jj7q_LfW0hQ165942.jpg'}, {'end': 253.35, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 219.816, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 221.597, 'text': 'This is how our push function works right?', 'start': 219.816, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 234.182, 'text': 'Now, in this presentation, we want to write a program to implement a stack in an array stackARR, using stackARR as the top element.', 'start': 223.86, 'duration': 10.322}, {'end': 236.603, 'text': "That's what we want to do in this presentation.", 'start': 234.602, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 239.843, 'text': 'We want to implement a stack in an array stackARR.', 'start': 236.643, 'duration': 3.2}, {'end': 246.525, 'text': 'And here we want that stackARR must be the topmost element of the stack.', 'start': 240.384, 'duration': 6.141}, {'end': 253.35, 'text': 'Fine We want that the first element of the array must be the topmost element of the stack.', 'start': 247.325, 'duration': 6.025}], 'summary': 'Implement a stack in array stackarr with stackarr as top element.', 'duration': 33.534, 'max_score': 219.816, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jj7q_LfW0hQ/pics/jj7q_LfW0hQ219816.jpg'}, {'end': 303.897, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 273.065, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 276.107, 'text': 'We want stack ARR 0 to be our new top.', 'start': 273.065, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 281.766, 'text': 'Fine, Do we need a variable named top to keep track of the topmost element?', 'start': 276.748, 'duration': 5.018}, {'end': 287.89, 'text': 'Is there any requirement of keeping a variable top for the purpose of storing the index of the topmost element?', 'start': 282.247, 'duration': 5.643}, {'end': 289.251, 'text': 'Think about it.', 'start': 288.611, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 294.753, 'text': 'Stack arr will be our new top and it will not going to change.', 'start': 290.871, 'duration': 3.882}, {'end': 298.735, 'text': "Isn't that so? This is fixed, this position is fixed.", 'start': 295.413, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 303.897, 'text': 'Our new topmost element will always be placed inside this position.', 'start': 299.095, 'duration': 4.802}], 'summary': 'Using stack arr 0 as the new top, no need for a variable named top to store index, fixed position for new topmost element.', 'duration': 30.832, 'max_score': 273.065, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jj7q_LfW0hQ/pics/jj7q_LfW0hQ273065.jpg'}], 'start': 118.17, 'title': 'Stack implementation', 'summary': 'Covers inserting new elements into a stack using the push function, including checking stack capacity and incrementing the top. it also discusses implementing a stack in an array, emphasizing the elimination of the top variable and tracking the first inserted element, demonstrated through a simple example.', 'chapters': [{'end': 165.382, 'start': 118.17, 'title': 'Inserting new element into stack', 'summary': 'Explains the process of inserting a new element into a stack using the push function, which includes checking if the stack is full and then incrementing the top and storing the data inside the stack.', 'duration': 47.212, 'highlights': ["The push function checks if the array is full by comparing top to max minus one, and prints 'stack overflow' if true, otherwise it increments the top by one and stores data inside the stack ar top. push function, checking if top is equal to max minus one, incrementing top by one", 'Incrementing the value of top by one, as top is not equal to max minus one. incrementing the value of top by one']}, {'end': 372.074, 'start': 165.942, 'title': 'Implementing stack in array', 'summary': 'Explains how to implement a stack in an array, emphasizing the elimination of the top variable and the need to track the first inserted element, as demonstrated through a simple example with push operations.', 'duration': 206.132, 'highlights': ['The need to track the first inserted element Emphasizes the need to track the first inserted element instead of the last, as the position of the last inserted element remains fixed, illustrated through a sequence of push operations.', 'Elimination of the top variable Stresses the elimination of the top variable as the stackARR is designated as the topmost element, thus obviating the requirement for a separate top variable to store the index of the topmost element.', 'Demonstration of push operations Illustrates the concept of tracking the first inserted element with the help of a simple example involving a sequence of push operations: push1, push2, push3.']}], 'duration': 253.904, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jj7q_LfW0hQ/pics/jj7q_LfW0hQ118170.jpg', 'highlights': ["The push function checks if the array is full by comparing top to max minus one, and prints 'stack overflow' if true, otherwise it increments the top by one and stores data inside the stack at top.", 'The need to track the first inserted element emphasizes the need to track the first inserted element instead of the last, as the position of the last inserted element remains fixed, illustrated through a sequence of push operations.', 'Demonstration of push operations illustrates the concept of tracking the first inserted element with the help of a simple example involving a sequence of push operations: push1, push2, push3.', 'Incrementing the value of top by one, as top is not equal to max minus one.']}, {'end': 974.647, 'segs': [{'end': 426.885, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 397.565, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 400.928, 'text': 'Let me tell you, this is not the push function we were talking about previously.', 'start': 397.565, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 406.893, 'text': 'This is the new push function, which will push the topmost element at this index.', 'start': 400.988, 'duration': 5.905}, {'end': 409.956, 'text': 'This is very important for us to understand.', 'start': 407.994, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 412.238, 'text': 'This is not the previous push function.', 'start': 409.976, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 414.04, 'text': 'This is the new push function.', 'start': 412.558, 'duration': 1.482}, {'end': 416.421, 'text': 'We will actually define this function later.', 'start': 414.56, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 419.822, 'text': 'Right now you must understand the logic behind this push function.', 'start': 416.861, 'duration': 2.961}, {'end': 421.643, 'text': 'What this push function does.', 'start': 420.202, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 426.885, 'text': 'Here after pushing the element 1, we are interested in pushing the element 2.', 'start': 422.103, 'duration': 4.782}], 'summary': 'Explanation of a new push function for topmost element at index, emphasizing understanding the logic.', 'duration': 29.32, 'max_score': 397.565, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jj7q_LfW0hQ/pics/jj7q_LfW0hQ397565.jpg'}, {'end': 693.544, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 531.241, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 536.843, 'text': 'Therefore, we have to keep track of the first inserted element and not the last inserted element.', 'start': 531.241, 'duration': 5.602}, {'end': 544.126, 'text': 'I hope this idea is clear to you that we always have to keep track of the element whose position is changing with time.', 'start': 537.624, 'duration': 6.502}, {'end': 549.429, 'text': 'Here you can see that the position of the first inserted element is changing with time.', 'start': 544.507, 'duration': 4.922}, {'end': 552.49, 'text': 'That is why we have to keep track of the first inserted element.', 'start': 549.809, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 561.073, 'text': 'But here you can see that there is no need to keep track of the last inserted element as the position of the last inserted element is fixed.', 'start': 552.97, 'duration': 8.103}, {'end': 564.534, 'text': 'Correct? We have to consider two different things.', 'start': 561.653, 'duration': 2.881}, {'end': 575.297, 'text': 'First we have to keep track of the first inserted element and obviously we must shift all elements one step towards right and push the new element at index zero.', 'start': 564.754, 'duration': 10.543}, {'end': 580.479, 'text': "Isn't that so? Let's just try to write the code for keeping track of the first inserted element.", 'start': 575.677, 'duration': 4.802}, {'end': 589.082, 'text': 'For this purpose of course, we have to declare this global variable first and we must store minus one initially to indicate that the stack is empty.', 'start': 580.959, 'duration': 8.123}, {'end': 592.343, 'text': 'Right? This is the global declaration of the variable first.', 'start': 589.382, 'duration': 2.961}, {'end': 600.947, 'text': 'Instead of keeping the top variable, we will keep this variable first which actually stores the index of the first inserted element.', 'start': 592.564, 'duration': 8.383}, {'end': 603.368, 'text': 'Fine? This is done.', 'start': 601.787, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 611.23, 'text': 'You can see that currently first is holding this index 2 which means that the first inserted element is at index 2.', 'start': 603.468, 'duration': 7.762}, {'end': 618.012, 'text': 'You can see this, right? After this, we have to shift all elements one step towards right and push the new element at index 0.', 'start': 611.23, 'duration': 6.782}, {'end': 625.834, 'text': 'We have to write the code for shifting all elements one step towards right, right? And push the new element at index 0.', 'start': 618.012, 'duration': 7.822}, {'end': 634.179, 'text': "Let's say we want to push this element 30 in the empty stack, not in this stack, okay? For this purpose, we will use this push function.", 'start': 625.834, 'duration': 8.345}, {'end': 636.402, 'text': 'Here I will explain each and every step.', 'start': 634.54, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 641.488, 'text': 'This push function will receive the data and we know data is 30.', 'start': 637.043, 'duration': 4.445}, {'end': 643.53, 'text': 'After this, we have this i variable.', 'start': 641.488, 'duration': 2.042}, {'end': 646.694, 'text': 'I have declared this variable for the purpose of iteration.', 'start': 643.791, 'duration': 2.903}, {'end': 647.795, 'text': 'So this is an iterator.', 'start': 646.874, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 651.638, 'text': 'After this, I am incrementing the value of first by one.', 'start': 648.676, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 655.76, 'text': 'First plus equal to one means first equal to first plus one.', 'start': 652.018, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 662.885, 'text': 'We know that first is a global variable and currently first is holding minus one because we are talking about a stack which is empty.', 'start': 656.381, 'duration': 6.504}, {'end': 665.886, 'text': 'Therefore, first variable must hold minus one.', 'start': 663.365, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 669.508, 'text': 'But after this step, minus one will get replaced by zero.', 'start': 666.046, 'duration': 3.462}, {'end': 671.81, 'text': 'And then after this we have this for loop.', 'start': 669.889, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 679.755, 'text': 'And in this for loop, you can see first i is initialized by first, right? So here, we will store this value inside i.', 'start': 672.17, 'duration': 7.585}, {'end': 685.319, 'text': 'And then we will check this condition, is i greater than 0? You can see this, that i is not greater than 0.', 'start': 679.755, 'duration': 5.564}, {'end': 687.5, 'text': 'Therefore, we will get outside of this for loop.', 'start': 685.319, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 690.402, 'text': 'And we will land at this particular line of code.', 'start': 687.841, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 693.544, 'text': 'Stack arr 0 equals to data.', 'start': 690.883, 'duration': 2.661}], 'summary': "To keep track of the first inserted element, store its index in a global variable 'first' and shift all elements to the right when a new element is inserted.", 'duration': 61.102, 'max_score': 531.241, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jj7q_LfW0hQ/pics/jj7q_LfW0hQ531241.jpg'}, {'end': 641.488, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 618.012, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 625.834, 'text': 'We have to write the code for shifting all elements one step towards right, right? And push the new element at index 0.', 'start': 618.012, 'duration': 7.822}, {'end': 634.179, 'text': "Let's say we want to push this element 30 in the empty stack, not in this stack, okay? For this purpose, we will use this push function.", 'start': 625.834, 'duration': 8.345}, {'end': 636.402, 'text': 'Here I will explain each and every step.', 'start': 634.54, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 641.488, 'text': 'This push function will receive the data and we know data is 30.', 'start': 637.043, 'duration': 4.445}], 'summary': 'Code will shift elements right and push 30 to empty stack.', 'duration': 23.476, 'max_score': 618.012, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jj7q_LfW0hQ/pics/jj7q_LfW0hQ618012.jpg'}, {'end': 727.101, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 697.667, 'weight': 0.709, 'content': [{'end': 701.089, 'text': 'And currently, you can see that at this position, 30 is stored.', 'start': 697.667, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 709.373, 'text': 'Right? Now, I think the idea is clear that this for loop is used for the purpose of shifting the elements towards right.', 'start': 702.43, 'duration': 6.943}, {'end': 714.255, 'text': 'And then you can see after this, we can insert our data at this position.', 'start': 709.833, 'duration': 4.422}, {'end': 717.757, 'text': 'Now, we are interested in pushing this element 90.', 'start': 714.936, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 720.098, 'text': 'Now, we will try to push this element.', 'start': 717.757, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 723.499, 'text': 'First, obviously this push function will receive this value.', 'start': 720.638, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 727.101, 'text': 'And then we must have to declare our i variable.', 'start': 723.94, 'duration': 3.161}], 'summary': 'For loop shifts elements right; pushing element 90.', 'duration': 29.434, 'max_score': 697.667, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jj7q_LfW0hQ/pics/jj7q_LfW0hQ697667.jpg'}, {'end': 918.173, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 888.192, 'weight': 0.755, 'content': [{'end': 889.693, 'text': "That is why I've used this for loop.", 'start': 888.192, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 897.219, 'text': "After this we have this main function and in this main function I'm calling the push function thrice.", 'start': 892.057, 'duration': 5.162}, {'end': 901.14, 'text': 'First I want to insert this element, then this element and then this element.', 'start': 897.719, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 906.561, 'text': "Fine And then I'm calling print function for the purpose of printing all the elements on the screen.", 'start': 901.6, 'duration': 4.961}, {'end': 908.882, 'text': 'Let me just execute this code.', 'start': 907.662, 'duration': 1.22}, {'end': 916.251, 'text': 'You can see that these are the elements printed on the screen, 40, 90 and 30.', 'start': 910.748, 'duration': 5.503}, {'end': 918.173, 'text': 'Obviously, 40 is the topmost element.', 'start': 916.251, 'duration': 1.922}], 'summary': 'Code uses for loop and push function to insert 3 elements (40, 90, 30) and prints them.', 'duration': 29.981, 'max_score': 888.192, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jj7q_LfW0hQ/pics/jj7q_LfW0hQ888192.jpg'}], 'start': 372.334, 'title': 'Logic of stack push function', 'summary': "Explains the logic of the stack push function, emphasizing the process of inserting elements and shifting existing elements to accommodate new ones. it also highlights the importance of keeping track of the first inserted element's index and understanding the difference between new and previous push functions, with a demonstration of a stack with a maximum capacity of 5 elements.", 'chapters': [{'end': 641.488, 'start': 372.334, 'title': 'Stack push function logic', 'summary': "Explains the logic behind the push function in a stack, emphasizing the process of inserting elements and shifting existing elements to accommodate new ones, while also highlighting the importance of keeping track of the first inserted element's index and understanding the difference between the new and previous push functions.", 'duration': 269.154, 'highlights': ['Understanding the process of inserting elements and shifting existing elements to accommodate new ones is crucial in the stack implementation.', "The importance of keeping track of the first inserted element's index is emphasized as it changes with time, unlike the last inserted element whose position is fixed.", 'The distinction between the new push function, which pushes the topmost element at a specified index, and the previous push function is clarified, providing a clear understanding of their respective roles in the stack implementation.', "The global variable 'first' is declared to store the index of the first inserted element, with the initial value set to -1 to indicate an empty stack.", 'The process of shifting all elements one step towards the right and pushing the new element at index 0 is illustrated, providing a clear understanding of the code implementation for this operation.']}, {'end': 974.647, 'start': 641.488, 'title': 'Logic of stack push function', 'summary': 'Explains the logic of the stack push function, which includes initializing and incrementing variables, iterating through a for loop to shift elements, and a demonstration of the push and print functions for a stack with a maximum capacity of 5 elements.', 'duration': 333.159, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the logic of the stack push function, including initializing and incrementing variables, and iterating through a for loop to shift elements.', 'The code includes the push function for inserting elements into the stack and the print function for displaying the elements, with a demonstration of inserting and printing three elements (40, 90, and 30).', 'The maximum capacity of the stack is set to 5, and the for loop is used for traversing and printing the elements of the stack.']}], 'duration': 602.313, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jj7q_LfW0hQ/pics/jj7q_LfW0hQ372334.jpg', 'highlights': ['Understanding the process of inserting elements and shifting existing elements to accommodate new ones is crucial in the stack implementation.', "The importance of keeping track of the first inserted element's index is emphasized as it changes with time, unlike the last inserted element whose position is fixed.", 'The distinction between the new push function, which pushes the topmost element at a specified index, and the previous push function is clarified, providing a clear understanding of their respective roles in the stack implementation.', "The global variable 'first' is declared to store the index of the first inserted element, with the initial value set to -1 to indicate an empty stack.", 'The chapter explains the logic of the stack push function, including initializing and incrementing variables, and iterating through a for loop to shift elements.']}], 'highlights': ["The push function checks if the array is full by comparing top to max minus one, and prints 'stack overflow' if true, otherwise it increments the top by one and stores data inside the stack at top.", 'Understanding the process of inserting elements and shifting existing elements to accommodate new ones is crucial in the stack implementation.', "The importance of keeping track of the first inserted element's index is emphasized as it changes with time, unlike the last inserted element whose position is fixed.", 'The distinction between the new push function, which pushes the topmost element at a specified index, and the previous push function is clarified, providing a clear understanding of their respective roles in the stack implementation.', 'The topmost element of stack is five, and the stack currently has four elements.', "The variable 'top' holds the value 3, indicating the index of the last inserted element or the topmost element of the stack.", 'The new element will be inserted at a specific position, becoming the topmost element.', 'The need to track the first inserted element emphasizes the need to track the first inserted element instead of the last, as the position of the last inserted element remains fixed, illustrated through a sequence of push operations.', 'Demonstration of push operations illustrates the concept of tracking the first inserted element with the help of a simple example involving a sequence of push operations: push1, push2, push3.', 'Incrementing the value of top by one, as top is not equal to max minus one.', "The global variable 'first' is declared to store the index of the first inserted element, with the initial value set to -1 to indicate an empty stack.", 'The chapter explains the logic of the stack push function, including initializing and incrementing variables, and iterating through a for loop to shift elements.']}