title
David Sinclair: Extending the Human Lifespan Beyond 100 Years | Lex Fridman Podcast #189

description
David Sinclair is a geneticist at Harvard and author of Lifespan. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off - Clear: https://clearme.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 2 months free - National Instruments (NI): https://www.ni.com/perspectives - SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free security camera - Linode: https://linode.com/lex to get $100 free credit EPISODE LINKS: David's Twitter: https://twitter.com/davidasinclair David's Website: https://lifespanbook.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 1:34 - Staying young at heart 5:30 - Bringing people back to life 11:05 - Wearables and tracking health data 20:18 - How to solve aging 30:22 - Why do we age? 35:50 - Genetic reset switch that reverses aging 38:20 - AI in biology 40:52 - Health data 48:58 - Fasting 56:29 - Diet 1:04:40 - Exercise 1:10:01 - Sleep 1:18:29 - Data 1:24:00 - Extending lifespan 1:26:42 - Immortality 1:32:28 - Denial of death 1:35:45 - Meaning of life without death SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'David Sinclair: Extending the Human Lifespan Beyond 100 Years | Lex Fridman Podcast #189', 'heatmap': [], 'summary': 'The podcast delves into extending human lifespan, bio-wearables, aging, ai in biology, health, longevity, and personalized health data, discussing topics like childlike perspective, potential cost savings of $2,000 per patient with wearable health tech, and a 40% reduction in diseases for people cycling over 80 miles a week.', 'chapters': [{'end': 636.489, 'segs': [{'end': 36.383, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.089, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2.43, 'text': 'The following is a conversation with David Sinclair.', 'start': 0.089, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 8.093, 'text': "He's a professor in the Department of Genetics at Harvard and co-director of the Paul F.", 'start': 2.89, 'duration': 5.203}, {'end': 11.795, 'text': 'Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging at Harvard Medical School.', 'start': 8.093, 'duration': 3.702}, {'end': 16.437, 'text': "He's the author of the book, Lifespan, and co-founder of several biotech companies.", 'start': 12.375, 'duration': 4.062}, {'end': 21.6, 'text': 'He works on turning age into an engineering problem and solving it.', 'start': 17.138, 'duration': 4.462}, {'end': 27.481, 'text': 'driven by a vision of a world where billions of people can live much longer and much healthier lives.', 'start': 22.22, 'duration': 5.261}, {'end': 36.383, 'text': 'Quick mention of our sponsors, Onnit, Clear, National Instruments, and I, SimpliSafe, and Linode.', 'start': 28.241, 'duration': 8.142}], 'summary': 'David sinclair, a harvard professor, aims to engineer longer, healthier lives for billions.', 'duration': 36.294, 'max_score': 0.089, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE89.jpg'}, {'end': 149.949, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 125.967, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 133.012, 'text': "Scientists need to have a wonder about the world, and you don't want to grow up at 12-year-olds and even younger, I would say six, seven-year-olds.", 'start': 125.967, 'duration': 7.045}, {'end': 136.475, 'text': "I've still got that boy in me, and I can look at things.", 'start': 133.433, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 137.215, 'text': "It's a gift.", 'start': 136.655, 'duration': 0.56}, {'end': 144.581, 'text': 'I think that I can see things for the first time if I choose to, and then explain them, as I would to a six-year-old, because I am that mentally.', 'start': 137.215, 'duration': 7.366}, {'end': 146.243, 'text': "But on the other hand, I'm getting older.", 'start': 144.981, 'duration': 1.262}, {'end': 148.427, 'text': 'I run a lab of 20 people at Harvard.', 'start': 146.263, 'duration': 2.164}, {'end': 149.949, 'text': "I've got a book.", 'start': 149.368, 'duration': 0.581}], 'summary': 'A scientist at harvard runs a lab of 20 people and has a book, while still maintaining a childlike wonder and perspective.', 'duration': 23.982, 'max_score': 125.967, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE125967.jpg'}, {'end': 347.962, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 321.704, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 329.027, 'text': "and show to whoever's watching us, whether it's aliens or some future human historian, that we can do better than we did in the 20th century.", 'start': 321.704, 'duration': 7.323}, {'end': 338.579, 'text': 'know we mentioned offline this idea of bringing people back to life through, um, through artificial intelligence sort of.', 'start': 331.377, 'duration': 7.202}, {'end': 347.962, 'text': "i don't know if you've seen videos of basically animating people back to life, meaning, uh, whether it's for me personally.", 'start': 338.579, 'duration': 9.383}], 'summary': 'Advocating for improvement and discussing the potential of reviving individuals through artificial intelligence.', 'duration': 26.258, 'max_score': 321.704, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE321704.jpg'}, {'end': 408.516, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 381.274, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 388.639, 'text': "It's less about bringing back their mind and more bringing back the visual quirks that made them who they are.", 'start': 381.274, 'duration': 7.365}, {'end': 395.124, 'text': "And then, maybe in the future, it's using the textual, the visual, the video,", 'start': 389.139, 'duration': 5.985}, {'end': 402.371, 'text': 'the audio data to actually compress down the person for who they are and be able to generate text.', 'start': 395.124, 'duration': 7.247}, {'end': 403.371, 'text': "There's a few companies.", 'start': 402.451, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 408.516, 'text': "There's Replica, which is a chat engine that was born out of the idea of bringing..", 'start': 403.712, 'duration': 4.804}], 'summary': "Using data to preserve and generate a person's essence.", 'duration': 27.242, 'max_score': 381.274, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE381274.jpg'}], 'start': 0.089, 'title': 'Human lifespan and artificial immortality', 'summary': "Explores extending human lifespan, aging impact on psyche, and importance of childlike perspective. it also delves into reviving historical figures using ai, their impact on society, and challenges in capturing humanity's spectrum.", 'chapters': [{'end': 300.69, 'start': 0.089, 'title': 'Aging, longevity, and childlike wonder', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential of extending human lifespan, the impact of aging on the human psyche, and the influence of a childlike perspective on life, with insights into the importance of maintaining wonder and curiosity, drawing from personal experiences and historical context.', 'duration': 300.601, 'highlights': ['David Sinclair aims to engineer solutions for extending human lifespan, envisioning a world where billions can live longer and healthier lives.', 'The discussion delves into the tension of feeling unchanged internally while aging, highlighting the significance of maintaining a childlike wonder and curiosity in scientific endeavors.', "The influence of the speaker's grandmother, who emphasized the importance of preserving the honesty and purity of a child's mind, is explored, drawing from her experiences during the Second World War and the revolution in 1956."]}, {'end': 636.489, 'start': 301.351, 'title': 'Artificial immortality and reviving historical figures', 'summary': 'Discusses the idea of bringing historical figures back to life using artificial intelligence to preserve their visual quirks and personalities, as well as the potential impact on individuals and society, and the challenges of capturing the full spectrum of humanity.', 'duration': 335.138, 'highlights': ['The founder of Replica created a chat engine to have a conversation with a deceased friend, providing solace and a sense of artificial immortality. The founder of Replica developed a chat engine using machine learning to converse with a deceased friend, offering solace and demonstrating the potential for artificial immortality.', "The concept of reviving historical figures through AI raises the possibility of achieving artificial immortality and preserving individuals' personalities and experiences. The discussion explores the potential for achieving artificial immortality by reviving historical figures through AI, preserving their personalities and experiences for future interactions.", 'Challenges in capturing the full spectrum of humanity, including the ups and downs, embarrassing moments, and authentic personalities, are highlighted in the context of preserving individuals through AI. The challenges of capturing the full spectrum of humanity, including the authentic personalities, ups and downs, and embarrassing moments, are emphasized in the context of preserving individuals through AI.']}], 'duration': 636.4, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE89.jpg', 'highlights': ['David Sinclair envisions a world where billions can live longer and healthier lives.', 'Maintaining a childlike wonder and curiosity in scientific endeavors is emphasized.', 'The founder of Replica created a chat engine to converse with a deceased friend, demonstrating potential for artificial immortality.', "Reviving historical figures through AI raises the possibility of achieving artificial immortality and preserving individuals' personalities and experiences.", 'Challenges in capturing the full spectrum of humanity, including authentic personalities and embarrassing moments, are highlighted in the context of preserving individuals through AI.']}, {'end': 1209.169, 'segs': [{'end': 838.207, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 733.023, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 739.087, 'text': 'These devices, I predicted, would be smarter, better educated than your physician and would augment them.', 'start': 733.023, 'duration': 6.064}, {'end': 743.15, 'text': "And then there'd be a human that would just tick off to see if it's correct and they approve.", 'start': 739.727, 'duration': 3.423}, {'end': 752.9, 'text': 'I also was predicting in the book that we would have video conferences with our doctors and that medicines would be delivered initially by courier,', 'start': 744.351, 'duration': 8.549}, {'end': 755.502, 'text': 'but eventually by drones, and get it to you, sometimes in an emergency.', 'start': 752.9, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 762.91, 'text': 'And that we could even have pills that were synthesized or delivered in your kitchen and combined, certainly.', 'start': 756.263, 'duration': 6.647}, {'end': 771.934, 'text': "What's amazing about that is that, what are we now, two years since the book came out, even less, and that future is basically here already.", 'start': 763.971, 'duration': 7.963}, {'end': 776.316, 'text': 'COVID-19 accelerated that incredibly.', 'start': 772.414, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 781.948, 'text': "So where we're at now in society is if you want to pay for it, you can have a blood test that will detect cancer 10,", 'start': 776.916, 'duration': 5.032}, {'end': 784.739, 'text': '20 years earlier than it would before it forms a tumor.', 'start': 781.948, 'duration': 2.791}, {'end': 788.38, 'text': 'You can, of course, do your genome very cheaply for less than $100 now.', 'start': 785.399, 'duration': 2.981}, {'end': 792.303, 'text': 'There are bio-wearables already.', 'start': 790.882, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 796.786, 'text': 'I wear this ring from Aura that I have a number of years of data.', 'start': 792.343, 'duration': 4.443}, {'end': 801.91, 'text': "I've been doing blood tests for the last 12 years with a company called Inside Tracker, which I consult for.", 'start': 797.186, 'duration': 4.724}, {'end': 804.151, 'text': 'And so I have all of that data as well.', 'start': 802.63, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 809.595, 'text': "And there's 34 different parameters on my testosterone, my blood glucose, my inflammation.", 'start': 804.231, 'duration': 5.364}, {'end': 814.719, 'text': 'And I use all that data to, of course, I wear a watch that measures things as well.', 'start': 810.076, 'duration': 4.643}, {'end': 819.301, 'text': 'I use that data to keep my body in optimal shape.', 'start': 814.739, 'duration': 4.562}, {'end': 827.224, 'text': "so i'm now 51, and according to those parameters, i'm at least as good as someone in their early 40s and i, if i really work at it,", 'start': 819.301, 'duration': 7.923}, {'end': 831.845, 'text': 'i can get my biochemistry down to early to mid 30s.', 'start': 827.224, 'duration': 4.621}, {'end': 836.287, 'text': 'um, though, i like to, you know, now eat a little dessert once in a while.', 'start': 831.845, 'duration': 4.442}, {'end': 838.207, 'text': "so that's the future we're in.", 'start': 836.287, 'duration': 1.92}], 'summary': 'Predicted future of healthcare: smarter devices, video conferences, drone delivery, early cancer detection, cheap genome sequencing, bio-wearables, and personalized health optimization.', 'duration': 105.184, 'max_score': 733.023, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE733023.jpg'}, {'end': 910.794, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 881.495, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 888.141, 'text': "This is mainly for doctors to monitor patients that go home after a heart attack or surgery, but that's medical grade FDA approved device.", 'start': 881.495, 'duration': 6.646}, {'end': 900.369, 'text': "So there will be a day in fact it's already here that Doctors are using these to get patients to go home and save a week in hospital $2,000 at least for each patient.", 'start': 888.982, 'duration': 11.387}, {'end': 903.931, 'text': "That's massive savings for the hospital.", 'start': 900.949, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 910.794, 'text': "But ultimately what I'm excited about is a future that isn't that far off, where everybody,", 'start': 904.471, 'duration': 6.323}], 'summary': 'Doctors use fda-approved device to monitor patients at home, saving $2,000 per patient and enabling future widespread use.', 'duration': 29.299, 'max_score': 881.495, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE881495.jpg'}, {'end': 1114.398, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1080.434, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1083.996, 'text': "And anonymously, that data is used to say what works and what doesn't.", 'start': 1080.434, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 1085.697, 'text': 'If you eat that, what works?', 'start': 1084.316, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 1087.018, 'text': 'If you take that supplement, what works?', 'start': 1085.737, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 1097.823, 'text': 'And I was a co-author on a paper that showed that the recommendations for food and supplements was better than the leading drug for type 2 diabetes.', 'start': 1087.678, 'duration': 10.145}, {'end': 1104.955, 'text': 'The idea that you can connect, like skipping the human having to do this work.', 'start': 1098.973, 'duration': 5.982}, {'end': 1114.398, 'text': 'you can connect the scientific papers, almost like meta-analysis of the science, connected to the individual data and then, based on that,', 'start': 1104.955, 'duration': 9.443}], 'summary': 'Data-driven analysis found food and supplement recommendations better than leading drug for type 2 diabetes.', 'duration': 33.964, 'max_score': 1080.434, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE1080434.jpg'}], 'start': 638.624, 'title': 'Future of bio-wearables and personal data and wearable health tech', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential of bio-wearables and personal data collection, highlighting advanced medical testing, genome sequencing, and bio-wearables, accelerated due to covid-19. it also explores the rise of wearable health tech, with devices like biobutton enabling constant health monitoring and potential cost savings of $2,000 per patient, revolutionizing medicine and extending lives.', 'chapters': [{'end': 838.207, 'start': 638.624, 'title': 'Future of bio-wearables and personal data', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential of bio-wearables and personal data collection, highlighting the current availability of advanced medical testing, genome sequencing, and bio-wearables, and how they have accelerated due to covid-19.', 'duration': 199.583, 'highlights': ['Advanced medical testing, genome sequencing, and bio-wearables are now available, allowing early detection of cancer and comprehensive body monitoring. It is now possible to have a blood test that can detect cancer 10-20 years earlier than before, and genome sequencing can be done for less than $100. Bio-wearables, like the Aura ring, provide comprehensive body monitoring, including parameters such as testosterone, blood glucose, and inflammation.', 'Prediction of a future where medical care would be delivered by drones and synthesized pills would be available, which has become a reality due to COVID-19. The prediction of medical care delivery by drones and the availability of synthesized pills has become a reality, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, making advanced medical care more accessible.', "The ability to optimize one's body based on collected data, resulting in a biological age equivalent to that of a person in their early 40s, and potential to lower it to the early to mid 30s. The speaker has used collected data to optimize their body, achieving a biological age equivalent to that of a person in their early 40s and aiming for a further reduction to the early to mid 30s through lifestyle adjustments."]}, {'end': 1209.169, 'start': 838.207, 'title': 'Future of wearable health tech', 'summary': 'Discusses the imminent rise of wearables in healthcare, with devices like biobutton enabling constant health monitoring and potential cost savings of $2,000 per patient, while also predicting and diagnosing illnesses, revolutionizing medicine and extending lives.', 'duration': 370.962, 'highlights': ['BioButton enabling constant health monitoring and potential cost savings of $2,000 per patient The BioButton allows for continuous health monitoring, leading to potential cost savings of $2,000 per patient, revolutionizing patient care.', 'Predicting and diagnosing illnesses, revolutionizing medicine and extending lives Wearable devices have the potential to predict and diagnose illnesses, revolutionizing medicine and dramatically extending lives.', 'InsideTracker providing personalized health recommendations based on scientific data InsideTracker uses scientific data and AI to provide personalized health recommendations, showing better results for type 2 diabetes than leading drugs.']}], 'duration': 570.545, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE638624.jpg', 'highlights': ['Advanced medical testing, genome sequencing, and bio-wearables enable early cancer detection and comprehensive body monitoring.', 'BioButton enables continuous health monitoring, potentially saving $2,000 per patient, revolutionizing patient care.', 'Wearable devices have the potential to predict and diagnose illnesses, revolutionizing medicine and extending lives.', 'Medical care delivery by drones and availability of synthesized pills accelerated by COVID-19, making advanced medical care more accessible.', 'InsideTracker provides personalized health recommendations based on scientific data, showing better results for type 2 diabetes than leading drugs.', 'Blood test can detect cancer 10-20 years earlier than before, and genome sequencing can be done for less than $100.', 'Aura ring provides comprehensive body monitoring, including parameters such as testosterone, blood glucose, and inflammation.', 'Optimizing the body based on collected data can result in a biological age equivalent to that of a person in their early 40s, with potential to lower it to the early to mid 30s.']}, {'end': 1743.099, 'segs': [{'end': 1274.836, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1233.705, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1240.008, 'text': 'Is that a feature or a bug of the biological machine? It is both a bug and a feature.', 'start': 1233.705, 'duration': 6.303}, {'end': 1245.99, 'text': 'Evolutionary speaking, we only live as long as we need to to replace ourselves efficiently.', 'start': 1240.789, 'duration': 5.201}, {'end': 1250.33, 'text': "If you're a mouse, you're only going to live two and a half years, three years.", 'start': 1247.43, 'duration': 2.9}, {'end': 1253.791, 'text': "You're probably going to die of starvation, predation, freezing in the winter.", 'start': 1250.35, 'duration': 3.441}, {'end': 1263.233, 'text': "So they divert most of their resources to reproducing rapidly, but they don't put a lot of energy into preserving their soma, which is their body.", 'start': 1254.491, 'duration': 8.742}, {'end': 1267.914, 'text': 'Conversely, a baleen type of whale, a bowhead whale in particular,', 'start': 1264.353, 'duration': 3.561}, {'end': 1272.295, 'text': "will live hundreds of years because they're at the top of the food chain and they can live as long as they want.", 'start': 1267.914, 'duration': 4.381}, {'end': 1274.836, 'text': 'So they breed slowly and build a body that lasts.', 'start': 1272.655, 'duration': 2.181}], 'summary': 'Biological machines adapt lifespans for efficient reproduction, mice live 2-3 years, whales live for hundreds of years.', 'duration': 41.131, 'max_score': 1233.705, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE1233705.jpg'}, {'end': 1341.585, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1319.635, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1328.199, 'text': "And if you ask really anybody in the field now, professor, they'll say there are eight or nine hallmarks of aging which are really,", 'start': 1319.635, 'duration': 8.564}, {'end': 1331.521, 'text': "it's a word for causes of aging.", 'start': 1328.199, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 1334.243, 'text': 'So you probably have heard of some of these, your listeners will have.', 'start': 1331.561, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 1341.585, 'text': 'Loss of telomeres, the ends of the chromosomes, like the little ends of shoelaces, that kind of thing.', 'start': 1335.683, 'duration': 5.902}], 'summary': 'There are eight or nine hallmarks of aging, including loss of telomeres.', 'duration': 21.95, 'max_score': 1319.635, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE1319635.jpg'}, {'end': 1436.326, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1405.514, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1410.138, 'text': 'which at the time was one of the hottest excuse the pun organisms to work on.', 'start': 1405.514, 'duration': 4.624}, {'end': 1419.032, 'text': 'but we figured out in the lab why yeast cells get old and found genes that control that process and made them live longer,', 'start': 1410.939, 'duration': 8.093}, {'end': 1421.155, 'text': 'which was an amazing four years of my life.', 'start': 1419.032, 'duration': 2.123}, {'end': 1427.723, 'text': 'One of those genes, had a name with an acronym SIR2.', 'start': 1422.437, 'duration': 5.286}, {'end': 1429.324, 'text': 'Now, the two is irrelevant.', 'start': 1428.243, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 1436.326, 'text': 'The SIR is important, and the most important letter out of all of those three is I, which stands for information.', 'start': 1429.724, 'duration': 6.602}], 'summary': 'Discovered genes in yeast cells, extending lifespan by 4 years.', 'duration': 30.812, 'max_score': 1405.514, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE1405514.jpg'}, {'end': 1592.485, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1562.437, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1568.481, 'text': 'one way to slow down the loss of information is to just give more of these um, to upregulate these genes.', 'start': 1562.437, 'duration': 6.044}, {'end': 1576.586, 'text': 'so we we made a mouse that has more of this 31 gene, turned it on and that slowed down the aging of the brain and preserved their information.', 'start': 1568.481, 'duration': 8.105}, {'end': 1578.248, 'text': 'now, what information am i talking about?', 'start': 1576.586, 'duration': 1.662}, {'end': 1578.668, 'text': 'you might ask.', 'start': 1578.248, 'duration': 0.42}, {'end': 1581.952, 'text': 'Well, again, you can simplify biology.', 'start': 1579.449, 'duration': 2.503}, {'end': 1584.575, 'text': 'There are two types of information in the cell primarily.', 'start': 1581.972, 'duration': 2.603}, {'end': 1592.485, 'text': "The one we all read about and know about is the DNA, the genome, and that's base four information ATCG,", 'start': 1585.116, 'duration': 7.369}], 'summary': 'Upregulating gene 31 in mice slowed brain aging and preserved information.', 'duration': 30.048, 'max_score': 1562.437, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE1562437.jpg'}, {'end': 1746.12, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1721.767, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1728.572, 'text': "So I've been looking for a backup copy, inspired largely by Claude Shannon's work at MIT as well in the 1940s.", 'start': 1721.767, 'duration': 6.805}, {'end': 1732.994, 'text': 'His mathematical theory of communication is just brilliant.', 'start': 1729.772, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 1736.457, 'text': "And so I've been looking for what he called the observer, which is the backup copy.", 'start': 1733.115, 'duration': 3.342}, {'end': 1743.099, 'text': 'We today might call that the TCP IP protocol of the internet that stores information.', 'start': 1737.237, 'duration': 5.862}, {'end': 1746.12, 'text': "in case it doesn't make it to your computer, it will fill in the gaps.", 'start': 1743.099, 'duration': 3.021}], 'summary': "Seeking a backup copy inspired by claude shannon's work on communication, akin to tcp ip protocol for internet storage.", 'duration': 24.353, 'max_score': 1721.767, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE1721767.jpg'}], 'start': 1209.629, 'title': 'Understanding and defining aging for healthier lives', 'summary': 'Explores philosophical questions and evolutionary perspectives on aging, emphasizing the need to engineer longer and healthier lives. it discusses examples such as the lifespan of mice and whales, and the preservation of information in biology, including the role of the sir2 gene in extending yeast cell lifespan and potential interventions in mice. it touches upon hallmarks of aging, such as loss of telomeres and mitochondrial function.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1362.835, 'start': 1209.629, 'title': 'Understanding aging and engineering healthier lives', 'summary': 'Discusses the philosophical question of aging, the impact of evolutionary perspectives on aging, and the need to engineer longer and healthier lives, citing examples such as the lifespan of mice and whales. it also touches upon the hallmarks of aging, including loss of telomeres and mitochondrial function.', 'duration': 153.206, 'highlights': ['Evolutionary speaking, we only live as long as we need to to replace ourselves efficiently. The speaker explains the evolutionary perspective on aging, highlighting that organisms live as long as necessary for efficient reproduction.', "A baleen type of whale, a bowhead whale in particular, will live hundreds of years because they're at the top of the food chain and they can live as long as they want. The example of bowhead whales living for hundreds of years due to their position in the food chain is used to illustrate the impact of environment on lifespan.", "There are eight or nine hallmarks of aging which are really, it's a word for causes of aging. The speaker mentions the existence of eight or nine hallmarks of aging, indicating that these are the key factors contributing to the aging process.", 'Loss of telomeres, the ends of the chromosomes, like the little ends of shoelaces, that kind of thing. The loss of telomeres, described as similar to the ends of shoelaces, is mentioned as a significant aspect of aging, affecting cell division and senescence.']}, {'end': 1743.099, 'start': 1363.055, 'title': 'Defining aging with information', 'summary': 'Explores the preservation of information and loss due to entropy in biology, highlighting the role of the sir2 gene in extending yeast cell lifespan and the potential of upregulating information regulator genes in mice to slow down aging.', 'duration': 380.044, 'highlights': ["The SIR2 gene extended yeast cell lifespan by 30% and suppressed the cause of aging by regulating information in the cell. The discovery of the SIR2 gene's impact on yeast cell lifespan, increasing it by 30%, showcases the direct link between gene regulation and aging.", 'Upregulating information regulator genes in mice slowed down aging of the brain and preserved information, primarily the epigenome. Demonstrating the potential to slow down aging in mice by upregulating information regulator genes, particularly in preserving the epigenome, offers insights into potential aging interventions.', "The exploration of a backup copy of information, akin to Claude Shannon's observer, to mitigate irreparable loss of information over time. The quest for a backup copy of information, inspired by Claude Shannon's work, presents a novel approach to addressing the irreparable loss of genetic information over time, potentially impacting aging processes."]}], 'duration': 533.47, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE1209629.jpg', 'highlights': ['The SIR2 gene extended yeast cell lifespan by 30% and suppressed the cause of aging by regulating information in the cell.', "A baleen type of whale, a bowhead whale in particular, will live hundreds of years because they're at the top of the food chain and they can live as long as they want.", 'Upregulating information regulator genes in mice slowed down aging of the brain and preserved information, primarily the epigenome.', 'The example of bowhead whales living for hundreds of years due to their position in the food chain is used to illustrate the impact of environment on lifespan.', 'The speaker explains the evolutionary perspective on aging, highlighting that organisms live as long as necessary for efficient reproduction.', "The exploration of a backup copy of information, akin to Claude Shannon's observer, to mitigate irreparable loss of information over time.", "There are eight or nine hallmarks of aging which are really, it's a word for causes of aging.", 'Loss of telomeres, the ends of the chromosomes, like the little ends of shoelaces, that kind of thing.']}, {'end': 2925.601, 'segs': [{'end': 1771.601, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1743.099, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1746.12, 'text': "in case it doesn't make it to your computer, it will fill in the gaps.", 'start': 1743.099, 'duration': 3.021}, {'end': 1755.102, 'text': "And we've been spending about the last five years to try and find if there really is a backup copy in the body to reset the epigenome and polish those scratches away.", 'start': 1746.96, 'duration': 8.142}, {'end': 1756.951, 'text': "That's incredible.", 'start': 1756.25, 'duration': 0.701}, {'end': 1758.192, 'text': 'So finding the backup.', 'start': 1756.971, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 1763.615, 'text': 'So whenever there are too many scratches pile up, you can just write a new version.', 'start': 1758.532, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 1768.138, 'text': 'Like write the new version, but go to the backup and restore it.', 'start': 1764.576, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 1771.601, 'text': "Right That's really all we're talking about.", 'start': 1769.119, 'duration': 2.482}], 'summary': 'Researching backup copy in body to reset epigenome and repair scratches.', 'duration': 28.502, 'max_score': 1743.099, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE1743099.jpg'}, {'end': 1893.892, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1807.774, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1813.899, 'text': 'most people forget that diseases that we get when we get old are 80 to 90 percent caused by aging,', 'start': 1807.774, 'duration': 6.125}, {'end': 1821.465, 'text': "and we've been trying to fix things with band-aids after they occur, without even generally talking about the root cause of the problem.", 'start': 1813.899, 'duration': 7.566}, {'end': 1822.086, 'text': 'is there?', 'start': 1821.465, 'duration': 0.621}, {'end': 1824.648, 'text': 'um, the scratches.', 'start': 1822.086, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 1825.789, 'text': 'do those come from?', 'start': 1824.648, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 1832.815, 'text': 'Are those programmed or the failures meaning?', 'start': 1828.294, 'duration': 4.521}, {'end': 1834.036, 'text': 'is it so?', 'start': 1832.815, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 1844.079, 'text': "if it's by design, then there's like a encoded timeline schedule that the body's just on purpose, degrading the whole thing.", 'start': 1834.036, 'duration': 10.043}, {'end': 1851.161, 'text': "And then there's the just the wear and tear of, like the scratches and a disc that happened through time, which which one is it?", 'start': 1844.599, 'duration': 6.562}, {'end': 1852.562, 'text': "That's the source of aging?", 'start': 1851.522, 'duration': 1.04}, {'end': 1855.428, 'text': "It's more akin to wear and tear.", 'start': 1854.248, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 1856.369, 'text': "There isn't a program.", 'start': 1855.468, 'duration': 0.901}, {'end': 1860.47, 'text': "Getting back to evolution, there's no selection for aging.", 'start': 1856.969, 'duration': 3.501}, {'end': 1862.05, 'text': "We're not designed to age.", 'start': 1860.97, 'duration': 1.08}, {'end': 1866.131, 'text': "We just live as long as we need to, and then we're at the whim of entropy, basically.", 'start': 1862.07, 'duration': 4.061}, {'end': 1868.132, 'text': 'Second law of thermodynamics, stuff falls apart.', 'start': 1866.191, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 1874.794, 'text': 'We live a bit longer than age 40, only because there are robust resilience systems, but eventually they fail as well.', 'start': 1869.132, 'duration': 5.662}, {'end': 1881.513, 'text': 'Current limit to the human lifespan where they completely fail is 122.', 'start': 1875.354, 'duration': 6.159}, {'end': 1885.539, 'text': "But I don't like to think of it as wear and tear because there's two aspects to it.", 'start': 1881.513, 'duration': 4.026}, {'end': 1892.971, 'text': "There's a system that's built to keep us alive when we're young, but actually comes back to bite us as we get older.", 'start': 1885.9, 'duration': 7.071}, {'end': 1893.892, 'text': 'And we call this..', 'start': 1893.311, 'duration': 0.581}], 'summary': "Aging is the root cause of 80-90% of diseases in old age, with lifespan limit at 122 due to system's failure and entropy.", 'duration': 86.118, 'max_score': 1807.774, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE1807774.jpg'}, {'end': 1983.155, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1941.516, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1944.298, 'text': 'They actually go to the break, the chromosomal break, and fix that.', 'start': 1941.516, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 1946.3, 'text': 'And then they come back.', 'start': 1945.639, 'duration': 0.661}, {'end': 1950.237, 'text': "You might ask, well, why is it set up that way? Well, it's a beautiful system.", 'start': 1947.833, 'duration': 2.404}, {'end': 1953.682, 'text': 'It coordinates gene expression, the control systems with the repair.', 'start': 1950.297, 'duration': 3.385}, {'end': 1954.684, 'text': 'You want them coordinated.', 'start': 1953.803, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 1959.31, 'text': 'Problem is, as we get older, this ping pong game, some of the balls get lost.', 'start': 1956.007, 'duration': 3.303}, {'end': 1961.633, 'text': "They don't come back to where they originally started.", 'start': 1959.49, 'duration': 2.143}, {'end': 1966.517, 'text': "And that's what we think is the main noise for aging.", 'start': 1962.674, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 1970.401, 'text': "And we've also, the other cause of aging that we found is cell stress.", 'start': 1966.978, 'duration': 3.423}, {'end': 1972.643, 'text': 'We damage nerves and they age rapidly.', 'start': 1970.441, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 1974.605, 'text': "So that's the other issue.", 'start': 1972.984, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 1975.306, 'text': "There's probably others.", 'start': 1974.665, 'duration': 0.641}, {'end': 1980.491, 'text': 'Smoking chemicals, for example, we know accelerates biological age pretty dramatically.', 'start': 1976.907, 'duration': 3.584}, {'end': 1983.155, 'text': 'But the question is,', 'start': 1982.153, 'duration': 1.002}], 'summary': 'Aging is caused by cellular damage and gene expression coordination loss, with smoking accelerating aging significantly.', 'duration': 41.639, 'max_score': 1941.516, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE1941516.jpg'}, {'end': 2231.444, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2202.062, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 2204.184, 'text': 'And it only takes four to eight weeks to work well.', 'start': 2202.062, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 2208.369, 'text': "And we can take a blind mouse that's lost its vision due to aging.", 'start': 2204.725, 'duration': 3.644}, {'end': 2210.531, 'text': "neurons aren't working well towards the brain.", 'start': 2208.369, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 2213.935, 'text': 'reset those neurons back to a younger age and now the mice can see again.', 'start': 2210.531, 'duration': 3.404}, {'end': 2221.721, 'text': "These three genes are famous actually because they're a set of four genes discovered by Shinya Yamanaka,", 'start': 2215.239, 'duration': 6.482}, {'end': 2231.444, 'text': 'who won the Nobel Prize in 2016 for discovering that those four genes, when turned on at high levels in adult cells, can generate stem cells.', 'start': 2221.721, 'duration': 9.723}], 'summary': 'Resetting neurons to a younger age restores vision in blind mice within 4-8 weeks.', 'duration': 29.382, 'max_score': 2202.062, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE2202062.jpg'}, {'end': 2366.922, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2340.805, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 2350.031, 'text': "Is there something to you, combined with this brilliant work on the biology side, that you're hopeful about, where AI can be a tool to help?", 'start': 2340.805, 'duration': 9.226}, {'end': 2351.312, 'text': "Where isn't it a tool?", 'start': 2350.351, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 2354.574, 'text': "I mean, if you're not using AI right now in biology, you're getting left behind.", 'start': 2351.332, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 2355.515, 'text': 'We use it all the time.', 'start': 2354.714, 'duration': 0.801}, {'end': 2360.158, 'text': "We're using it to generate these biological clocks to be able to read those scratches.", 'start': 2355.555, 'duration': 4.603}, {'end': 2366.922, 'text': "We're using it to predict the folding of proteins so we can target molecules and modulate their activity.", 'start': 2361.299, 'duration': 5.623}], 'summary': 'Ai is essential in biology, used to generate biological clocks and predict protein folding.', 'duration': 26.117, 'max_score': 2340.805, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE2340805.jpg'}, {'end': 2535.428, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2514.434, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 2525.944, 'text': 'Is there a hopeful path forward where we can share more and more data at a large scale that ultimately ends up helping us understand the human body and then treat problems with the human body?', 'start': 2514.434, 'duration': 11.51}, {'end': 2527.905, 'text': 'So we are right in the middle.', 'start': 2526.804, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 2535.428, 'text': "We're living through what's going to be seen as one of the biggest revolutions in human health through the gathering of data about our bodies.", 'start': 2528.305, 'duration': 7.123}], 'summary': 'Hopeful path to share and gather data for understanding and treating human body problems.', 'duration': 20.994, 'max_score': 2514.434, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE2514434.jpg'}, {'end': 2741.09, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2716.563, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 2723.574, 'text': "Do you think it's possible to sort of change the culture of the medical system to where the doctors are almost, as you said,", 'start': 2716.563, 'duration': 7.011}, {'end': 2724.776, 'text': 'are excited to see the data?', 'start': 2723.574, 'duration': 1.202}, {'end': 2726.798, 'text': 'Or is that already happening?', 'start': 2725.757, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 2727.599, 'text': "It's really happening.", 'start': 2726.838, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 2730.081, 'text': "Now, we've probably lost the last generation.", 'start': 2727.659, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 2732.022, 'text': "They're no hopers.", 'start': 2731.061, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 2735.785, 'text': "So I teach at Harvard Medical School, and they're excited about this.", 'start': 2732.422, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 2738.848, 'text': "They're excited about aging, which is a new aspect to medicine.", 'start': 2735.965, 'duration': 2.883}, {'end': 2741.09, 'text': 'Oh, wow, we can do something about that.', 'start': 2739.608, 'duration': 1.482}], 'summary': 'Medical culture shifting towards data-driven approach, embraced by younger generation at harvard medical school.', 'duration': 24.527, 'max_score': 2716.563, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE2716563.jpg'}], 'start': 1743.099, 'title': 'Aging, epigenome, and ai in biology', 'summary': 'Explores the impact of wear and tear on aging, limitations of human lifespan, causes of aging including cellular stress, and the role of ai in revolutionizing biology and healthcare, with a focus on research, gene expression, and large-scale data gathering.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1893.892, 'start': 1743.099, 'title': 'Backup copy in the body', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential backup copy in the body to reset the epigenome and combat aging, highlighting the impact of wear and tear on aging and the limitations of human lifespan, with a current limit of 122 years.', 'duration': 150.793, 'highlights': ['The current limit to the human lifespan where they completely fail is 122, highlighting the limitations of human lifespan.', 'Most age-related diseases are 80 to 90 percent caused by aging, emphasizing the significant impact of aging on health.', 'The concept of a potential backup copy in the body to reset the epigenome and combat aging, offering a new perspective on addressing age-related issues.', 'The impact of wear and tear on aging, suggesting that aging is more akin to wear and tear rather than a programmed process.', "The discussion of the body's resilience systems that keep us alive when we're young but eventually fail as we get older, shedding light on the complexity of aging.", 'The analogy of scratches on a disc as a metaphor for aging, illustrating the impact of aging on the human body and its functions.']}, {'end': 2292.515, 'start': 1894.775, 'title': 'Aging and cellular stress', 'summary': 'Discusses the main causes of aging, including broken chromosomes and cell stress, with an emphasis on the role of proteins in coordinating gene expression and repair in the aging process, as well as the discovery of three embryonic genes that can reset the age of tissues in adult animals, as published in the december 2020 issue of nature.', 'duration': 397.74, 'highlights': ['The discovery of the main causes of aging, broken chromosomes and cell stress, is discussed, with a focus on the role of proteins in coordinating gene expression and repair, contributing to the main noise for aging, as well as the potential to slow down or reset the aging process (e.g., resetting the age of tissues in adult animals using three embryonic genes)', 'The role of proteins in coordinating gene expression and repair in response to broken chromosomes as a main cause of aging is emphasized, with the explanation of how the reorganization of the epigenome leads to the main noise for aging, where some proteins do not return to their original position, potentially contributing to aging', 'The discovery of three embryonic genes that can reset the age of tissues in adult animals is highlighted, with the demonstration of their ability to reset the age of neurons and restore vision in blind mice, indicating the potential to reverse the aging process using these genes, while being cautious of the risk of causing tumors when overdone']}, {'end': 2925.601, 'start': 2292.515, 'title': 'Ai in biology & healthcare revolution', 'summary': 'Discusses the vital role of ai in biology and healthcare, emphasizing its impact on research, data collection, and patient care, while highlighting the potential for large-scale data gathering and the evolving culture of the medical system.', 'duration': 633.086, 'highlights': ["AI's pivotal role in biology and healthcare Discusses the extensive use of AI in biology, including predicting protein folding, assembling genomes, and generating biological clocks, emphasizing its critical role in modern biological research.", 'Challenges and opportunities in data collection Explores the challenges of data collection in biology and healthcare, discussing the increasing need for large-scale data sets and the potential privacy concerns and regulations that may hinder data sharing.', 'Evolution of the medical system and patient data Addresses the evolving culture of the medical system, emphasizing the shift towards embracing data-driven healthcare, the changing mindset of medical professionals, and the potential impact on patient care and treatment.']}], 'duration': 1182.502, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE1743099.jpg', 'highlights': ['The current limit to the human lifespan where they completely fail is 122, highlighting the limitations of human lifespan.', 'Most age-related diseases are 80 to 90 percent caused by aging, emphasizing the significant impact of aging on health.', 'The concept of a potential backup copy in the body to reset the epigenome and combat aging, offering a new perspective on addressing age-related issues.', 'The impact of wear and tear on aging, suggesting that aging is more akin to wear and tear rather than a programmed process.', "The discussion of the body's resilience systems that keep us alive when we're young but eventually fail as we get older, shedding light on the complexity of aging.", 'The analogy of scratches on a disc as a metaphor for aging, illustrating the impact of aging on the human body and its functions.', 'The discovery of the main causes of aging, broken chromosomes and cell stress, is discussed, with a focus on the role of proteins in coordinating gene expression and repair, contributing to the main noise for aging, as well as the potential to slow down or reset the aging process (e.g., resetting the age of tissues in adult animals using three embryonic genes)', 'The role of proteins in coordinating gene expression and repair in response to broken chromosomes as a main cause of aging is emphasized, with the explanation of how the reorganization of the epigenome leads to the main noise for aging, where some proteins do not return to their original position, potentially contributing to aging', 'The discovery of three embryonic genes that can reset the age of tissues in adult animals is highlighted, with the demonstration of their ability to reset the age of neurons and restore vision in blind mice, indicating the potential to reverse the aging process using these genes, while being cautious of the risk of causing tumors when overdone', "AI's pivotal role in biology and healthcare Discusses the extensive use of AI in biology, including predicting protein folding, assembling genomes, and generating biological clocks, emphasizing its critical role in modern biological research.", 'Challenges and opportunities in data collection Explores the challenges of data collection in biology and healthcare, discussing the increasing need for large-scale data sets and the potential privacy concerns and regulations that may hinder data sharing.', 'Evolution of the medical system and patient data Addresses the evolving culture of the medical system, emphasizing the shift towards embracing data-driven healthcare, the changing mindset of medical professionals, and the potential impact on patient care and treatment.']}, {'end': 3878.441, 'segs': [{'end': 2976.767, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2925.661, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2928.965, 'text': "But, you know, there's a lot of stuff you don't want out there.", 'start': 2925.661, 'duration': 3.304}, {'end': 2935.313, 'text': "And this definitely has to be number one because, you know, it's one thing to have your credit card information stolen.", 'start': 2928.985, 'duration': 6.328}, {'end': 2937.235, 'text': "It's another thing your health records are permanently out there.", 'start': 2935.333, 'duration': 1.902}, {'end': 2943.268, 'text': "Yeah So there's, on the biology side, super exciting ways to slow aging.", 'start': 2937.745, 'duration': 5.523}, {'end': 2945.269, 'text': "But there's also on the lifestyle side.", 'start': 2943.628, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 2947.75, 'text': 'I recently did a 72-hour fast.', 'start': 2945.629, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 2951.332, 'text': "It's just an opportunity to take a pause and appreciate life.", 'start': 2947.77, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 2954.553, 'text': "There's something about fasting that..", 'start': 2952.692, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 2960.797, 'text': 'encourages you to reflect deeper than you otherwise might.', 'start': 2956.354, 'duration': 4.443}, {'end': 2973.285, 'text': "The time kind of slows and you also realize that you're human because your body needs food and you start to see your body's almost as a machine that takes food and produces thoughts.", 'start': 2960.817, 'duration': 12.468}, {'end': 2976.767, 'text': 'And then ends brief.', 'start': 2975.766, 'duration': 1.001}], 'summary': 'Concerns about health records, with emphasis on fasting and aging.', 'duration': 51.106, 'max_score': 2925.661, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE2925661.jpg'}, {'end': 3074.855, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3047.217, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3051.899, 'text': 'And one of the things we help contribute to which I can speak to with some authority,', 'start': 3047.217, 'duration': 4.682}, {'end': 3057.722, 'text': 'is that these longevity genes we work on we showed back in the early 2000s are turned on by fasting.', 'start': 3051.899, 'duration': 5.823}, {'end': 3064.066, 'text': 'And at least in yeast, we were the first to show how calorie restriction fasting works to extend lifespan.', 'start': 3058.722, 'duration': 5.344}, {'end': 3065.808, 'text': 'And that was the first for any species.', 'start': 3064.086, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 3067.849, 'text': 'Something similar happens in our bodies.', 'start': 3066.548, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 3074.855, 'text': "When we're hungry or put our bodies under any other perceived adversity, such as running our bodies, think wow,", 'start': 3068.25, 'duration': 6.605}], 'summary': 'Longevity genes are activated by fasting, leading to extended lifespan, as demonstrated in yeast in the early 2000s.', 'duration': 27.638, 'max_score': 3047.217, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE3047217.jpg'}, {'end': 3461.719, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3437.341, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3443.926, 'text': 'And this was a fantastic study a few years ago by my friend Rafael Dacabo at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda.', 'start': 3437.341, 'duration': 6.585}, {'end': 3450.311, 'text': 'And he had 10,000 mice on different diets, hoping to find the perfect mix of carbs, protein and fat,', 'start': 3444.747, 'duration': 5.564}, {'end': 3455.094, 'text': 'and it turns out that the only ones that lived longer were the ones that only ate once a day.', 'start': 3450.991, 'duration': 4.103}, {'end': 3461.719, 'text': "We're not mice, but I think that we're close enough to mice that this tells us a lot.", 'start': 3457.015, 'duration': 4.704}], 'summary': 'Study with 10,000 mice found longer lifespan with once-a-day feeding.', 'duration': 24.378, 'max_score': 3437.341, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE3437341.jpg'}, {'end': 3557.038, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3526.319, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3530.402, 'text': 'One is that people who live a long time tend to eat those type of diets, Mediterranean, Okinawa diet.', 'start': 3526.319, 'duration': 4.083}, {'end': 3535.146, 'text': "They're eating mostly plants with a little bit of meat and not a lot of red meat.", 'start': 3531.043, 'duration': 4.103}, {'end': 3537.748, 'text': 'And the other fact is that in animals,', 'start': 3536.126, 'duration': 1.622}, {'end': 3547.035, 'text': "we know that there's a mechanism that's called mTOR little m capital T-O-R that responds to certain amino acids that are found in more abundance in meat.", 'start': 3537.748, 'duration': 9.287}, {'end': 3549.796, 'text': 'And when it responds, it actually shortens lifespan.', 'start': 3547.635, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 3557.038, 'text': 'And the converse, if you starve it of those three amino acids, mostly in meat, then it extends lifespan.', 'start': 3550.256, 'duration': 6.782}], 'summary': 'Longevity linked to mediterranean, okinawa diets, mtor response to amino acids in meat affects lifespan', 'duration': 30.719, 'max_score': 3526.319, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE3526319.jpg'}, {'end': 3740.015, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3711.764, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3720.687, 'text': "The xeno means cross species and hormesis is the term that what doesn't kill you makes you live longer and be healthier.", 'start': 3711.764, 'duration': 8.923}, {'end': 3726.369, 'text': "And so we're getting cross species health improvements by molecules that plants make.", 'start': 3721.247, 'duration': 5.122}, {'end': 3731.231, 'text': "And plants make these molecules when they're also under adversity or perceived adversity.", 'start': 3727.01, 'duration': 4.221}, {'end': 3740.015, 'text': 'For instance, I understand if you want really healthy or good oranges, you can drive nails into the bark of the tree before you harvest.', 'start': 3731.852, 'duration': 8.163}], 'summary': 'Xenohormesis: cross-species health improvements by plant molecules under adversity.', 'duration': 28.251, 'max_score': 3711.764, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE3711764.jpg'}], 'start': 2925.661, 'title': 'Health, aging, and longevity', 'summary': 'Explores the importance of health records, benefits of fasting, anti-aging effects, longevity genes activation, impact of diet on longevity, and the role of xenohormetic molecules, emphasizing the benefits of intermittent fasting and calorie restriction for improved well-being.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2999.275, 'start': 2925.661, 'title': 'Health & aging: balancing biology and lifestyle', 'summary': "Discusses the importance of safeguarding health records, the benefits of fasting, and the introspective insights it provides, along with the realization of the body's functioning as a machine and the range of emotions it encompasses.", 'duration': 73.614, 'highlights': ["Fasting encourages deeper reflection and appreciation for life, providing an opportunity to pause and introspect, fostering a sense of gratitude and love, and leading to a realization of the body's functioning as a machine that processes thoughts and emotions.", 'The significance of safeguarding health records is emphasized as being more critical than protecting credit card information, highlighting the importance of privacy and security measures in healthcare.', 'The discussion of exciting ways to slow aging on the biology side is mentioned, indicating a potential focus on advancements in anti-aging research and technologies.', 'The experience of a 72-hour fast is shared, underscoring the potential benefits of fasting for personal growth and introspection, demonstrating a practical approach to lifestyle choices for well-being.']}, {'end': 3389.418, 'start': 2999.715, 'title': 'Benefits of fasting for anti-aging', 'summary': 'Discusses the health benefits and anti-aging effects of fasting, including personal experiences and insights on longevity genes activation, with a recommendation to skip a meal or two a day to slow down aging and improve overall well-being.', 'duration': 389.703, 'highlights': ['Fasting activates longevity genes and contributes to extending lifespan, as shown in early 2000s studies. The chapter emphasizes that fasting activates longevity genes, contributing to extending lifespan, as demonstrated in studies from the early 2000s.', 'Recommendation to skip a meal or two a day to slow down aging and improve overall well-being. The speaker recommends skipping a meal or two a day as a strategy to slow down aging and improve overall well-being, citing personal benefits such as feeling sharper mentally and regaining a youthful physique.', 'Advice to gradually work up to fasting and compensate with liquid intake, emphasizing the habit-forming nature of eating and the flexibility in fasting practices. The chapter advises gradually working up to fasting and compensating with liquid intake, highlighting the habit-forming nature of eating and the flexibility in fasting practices, such as allowing for liquid consumption during fasting periods.']}, {'end': 3878.441, 'start': 3389.699, 'title': 'Longevity and diet', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of diet on longevity, emphasizing the importance of calorie restriction, the benefits of intermittent fasting, the potential drawbacks of a meat-heavy diet, and the role of xenohormetic molecules in promoting health and longevity.', 'duration': 488.742, 'highlights': ['The only diets that extended the lifespan of mice in a study were those where the mice ate only once a day, emphasizing the importance of intermittent fasting. A study with 10,000 mice found that the only diets that led to longer lifespan were those where the mice ate once a day, highlighting the significance of intermittent fasting for longevity.', 'Plant-based diets, such as the Mediterranean and Okinawa diets, are associated with longevity, with a focus on mostly consuming plants and limited red meat. Long-living populations tend to follow plant-based diets like the Mediterranean and Okinawa diets, emphasizing the benefits of consuming mostly plants and reducing red meat intake for longevity.', 'The impact of growth and reproduction trade-offs is discussed, with a comparison between the fast-growing, fertile mouse category and the slow-growing, long-living whale category, suggesting potential long-term effects of diet choices on longevity. The trade-offs between growth and reproduction are compared to the fast-growing, fertile mouse category and the slow-growing, long-living whale category, highlighting potential long-term effects of diet choices on longevity.', 'Xenohormetic molecules in plants, such as resveratrol, are identified as beneficial for health and longevity, with the suggestion to consume vegetables that have undergone stress to obtain these molecules. Xenohormetic molecules in plants, like resveratrol, are recognized for their health benefits, emphasizing the importance of consuming vegetables that have experienced stress to acquire these molecules for promoting longevity.']}], 'duration': 952.78, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE2925661.jpg', 'highlights': ['Fasting activates longevity genes and extends lifespan, as shown in early 2000s studies.', 'The only diets that extended the lifespan of mice were those where the mice ate once a day, emphasizing the importance of intermittent fasting.', 'Plant-based diets, like the Mediterranean and Okinawa diets, are associated with longevity, emphasizing the benefits of consuming mostly plants and reducing red meat intake.', 'Xenohormetic molecules in plants, such as resveratrol, are beneficial for health and longevity, suggesting the importance of consuming vegetables that have undergone stress to obtain these molecules.', 'The significance of safeguarding health records is emphasized as being more critical than protecting credit card information, highlighting the importance of privacy and security measures in healthcare.', "Fasting encourages deeper reflection and appreciation for life, providing an opportunity to pause and introspect, fostering a sense of gratitude and love, and leading to a realization of the body's functioning as a machine that processes thoughts and emotions."]}, {'end': 4915.941, 'segs': [{'end': 3957.125, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3901.937, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3909.799, 'text': 'It was something like people that cycle over 80 miles a week have a 40% reduction in a variety of diseases, certainly heart disease.', 'start': 3901.937, 'duration': 7.862}, {'end': 3911.599, 'text': "So that's not even a question.", 'start': 3910.419, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 3915.64, 'text': "But what's interesting is that we're learning that you don't need much to have a big benefit.", 'start': 3911.639, 'duration': 4.001}, {'end': 3916.88, 'text': "It's an asymptotic curve.", 'start': 3915.7, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 3922.682, 'text': 'And in fact, if you overdo it, you probably have reduced benefits, particularly if you start to wear out joints, that kind of thing.', 'start': 3917.661, 'duration': 5.021}, {'end': 3928.646, 'text': "But just 10 minutes on a treadmill a few times a week, lose your breath, get hypoxic, as it's called,", 'start': 3923.542, 'duration': 5.104}, {'end': 3931.908, 'text': 'seems to be very beneficial for long-term health.', 'start': 3928.646, 'duration': 3.262}, {'end': 3936.111, 'text': "And that's the kind of exercise that I like to do, aerobic.", 'start': 3933.009, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 3938.533, 'text': 'Though I do enjoy lifting weights.', 'start': 3936.472, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 3945.778, 'text': 'so that is what I call my exercise, which has other benefits, including maintaining hormone levels, male hormone levels.', 'start': 3938.533, 'duration': 7.245}, {'end': 3952.824, 'text': 'But also really why I do it is I want to be able to counteract the effects of sitting for most of the day.', 'start': 3946.259, 'duration': 6.565}, {'end': 3955.364, 'text': 'And as you get older, you lose muscle mass.', 'start': 3953.544, 'duration': 1.82}, {'end': 3957.125, 'text': "It's a percent or so a year.", 'start': 3955.804, 'duration': 1.321}], 'summary': 'Cycling over 80 miles per week reduces diseases by 40%, 10 minutes on treadmill beneficial for health, lifting weights for hormonal balance and counteracting effects of sitting.', 'duration': 55.188, 'max_score': 3901.937, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE3901937.jpg'}, {'end': 4253.747, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4224.518, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4225.519, 'text': "So that's the main thing.", 'start': 4224.518, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 4235.043, 'text': 'What we also know is, at the molecular level, that if you disrupt your sleep-wake cycle, so we actually have proteins that go up and down,', 'start': 4225.84, 'duration': 9.203}, {'end': 4236.324, 'text': 'that control our sleep-wake.', 'start': 4235.043, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 4238.464, 'text': 'All of us, most of our cells do that.', 'start': 4236.744, 'duration': 1.72}, {'end': 4241.565, 'text': "If you disrupt that, you'll get premature aging.", 'start': 4239.264, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 4249.006, 'text': 'And guess what? The opposite is true, that as you get older, that cycle, the amplitude becomes diminished.', 'start': 4242.525, 'duration': 6.481}, {'end': 4253.747, 'text': "And this is why it's harder to get to sleep as you get older, and then you got all sorts of problems.", 'start': 4249.486, 'duration': 4.261}], 'summary': 'Disrupting sleep-wake cycle causes premature aging, while aging reduces sleep amplitude.', 'duration': 29.229, 'max_score': 4224.518, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE4224518.jpg'}, {'end': 4606.932, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4581.234, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4586.175, 'text': "First off, when I'm stressed, I can see, mentally stressed, then I can see it in my body.", 'start': 4581.234, 'duration': 4.941}, {'end': 4589.076, 'text': "Heart rate, hormones, it's clear.", 'start': 4587.216, 'duration': 1.86}, {'end': 4590.937, 'text': "That's no true surprise.", 'start': 4589.596, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 4593.439, 'text': "So you've got to work on your brain first and foremost.", 'start': 4591.497, 'duration': 1.942}, {'end': 4601.126, 'text': 'If you are totally freaked out, agitated all the time, you will live shorter.', 'start': 4594.08, 'duration': 7.046}, {'end': 4601.947, 'text': "I'm certain of it.", 'start': 4601.146, 'duration': 0.801}, {'end': 4603.408, 'text': 'I keep fish.', 'start': 4602.588, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 4606.932, 'text': "I'm a big aquarium guy.", 'start': 4603.489, 'duration': 3.443}], 'summary': 'Mental stress affects physical health; managing stress can extend lifespan.', 'duration': 25.698, 'max_score': 4581.234, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE4581234.jpg'}, {'end': 4742.665, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4671.47, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4677.455, 'text': 'If we turn on this SIRT gene that I mentioned, SIRT1, we, a good friend of mine at WashU, she and I did this.', 'start': 4671.47, 'duration': 5.985}, {'end': 4682.779, 'text': 'They upregulated that gene just in the neurons of the animal.', 'start': 4678.115, 'duration': 4.664}, {'end': 4683.88, 'text': 'It lived longer.', 'start': 4683.299, 'duration': 0.581}, {'end': 4686.642, 'text': "So that's sufficient to extend lifespan.", 'start': 4684.84, 'duration': 1.802}, {'end': 4695.249, 'text': 'We also know that you can manipulate the part of the brain called the hypothalamus which leaches a lot of chemicals into the body and proteins,', 'start': 4687.002, 'duration': 8.247}, {'end': 4696.55, 'text': "most of which we don't know yet.", 'start': 4695.249, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 4704.416, 'text': 'But just changing the inflammation of that little organ or part of the brain is sufficient to make animals live longer as well.', 'start': 4697.21, 'duration': 7.206}, {'end': 4708.259, 'text': 'So get your brain in order first before you tackle anything else, I would say.', 'start': 4705.016, 'duration': 3.243}, {'end': 4711.824, 'text': 'So you kind of mentioned this.', 'start': 4709.502, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 4713.144, 'text': 'with the Insight Tracker,', 'start': 4711.824, 'duration': 1.32}, {'end': 4723.831, 'text': "there's ability to take blood measurement and then infer from that a bunch of different things about your body and how you can improve the longevity.", 'start': 4713.144, 'duration': 10.687}, {'end': 4732.217, 'text': "And you've also mentioned saliva and more efficient ways to get data.", 'start': 4723.851, 'duration': 8.366}, {'end': 4739.541, 'text': "What does that involve? What's the future of data collection look like for the human biological system? Right.", 'start': 4732.237, 'duration': 7.304}, {'end': 4742.665, 'text': 'Well, yeah, the issue with blood is you need someone to take it.', 'start': 4739.582, 'duration': 3.083}], 'summary': 'Upregulating sirt1 gene in neurons extended animal lifespan; manipulating hypothalamus inflammation also prolonged life; focus on brain health first; insight tracker uses blood measurements to infer body improvements; seeking more efficient data collection for human biological system.', 'duration': 71.195, 'max_score': 4671.47, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE4671470.jpg'}], 'start': 3880.939, 'title': 'Longevity and health', 'summary': 'Discusses the benefits of exercise, citing a 40% reduction in diseases for people cycling over 80 miles a week, importance of sleep, impact of stress on lifespan, longevity research, and development of affordable home testing kits for health measurements.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3976.468, 'start': 3880.939, 'title': 'Exercise for longevity', 'summary': 'Discusses the benefits of exercise for longevity, highlighting that even minimal exercise can have significant health benefits, citing a 40% reduction in diseases for people cycling over 80 miles a week, and emphasizing the importance of balancing aerobic exercise and strength training to maintain long-term health.', 'duration': 95.529, 'highlights': ['Cycling over 80 miles a week is associated with a 40% reduction in a variety of diseases, particularly heart disease.', 'Just 10 minutes on a treadmill a few times a week, getting hypoxic, seems to be very beneficial for long-term health.', 'Maintaining strength through exercise can help counteract the effects of sitting for most of the day and reduce the risk of frailty and injuries associated with aging.', 'Balancing aerobic exercise and strength training is important for maintaining long-term health, as excessive exercise can lead to reduced benefits and potential joint issues.']}, {'end': 4671.39, 'start': 3977.168, 'title': 'Benefits of brown noise and importance of sleep', 'summary': 'Discusses the benefits of brown noise for focus and the importance of sleep for longevity, highlighting the impact of stress on lifespan and the individual variability in sleep needs.', 'duration': 694.222, 'highlights': ['Brown noise helps in enhancing focus by removing distractions and enabling the mind to zoom in on particular thoughts, potentially offering a valuable hack for mental clarity.', 'Quality and depth of sleep are crucial for longevity, with disruption of the sleep-wake cycle leading to premature aging and increased susceptibility to age-related diseases, emphasizing the importance of optimizing sleep habits.', 'Stress management plays a vital role in longevity, as chronic stress can lead to a shorter lifespan, highlighting the significance of maintaining a calm and composed mindset.', "Individual variability in sleep needs and the potential impact of stress on the brain's operation are crucial considerations for understanding longevity, demonstrating the need to address unique sleep patterns and stress levels for optimal health.", 'Exploration of personal sleep patterns, stress management, and happiness optimization, rather than adhering strictly to conventional sleep duration recommendations, can contribute to overall well-being and longevity.']}, {'end': 4915.941, 'start': 4671.47, 'title': 'Longevity research and home testing', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential to extend lifespan by manipulating genes and brain functions, the future of data collection for human biological systems, and the development of affordable home testing kits for various health measurements, with the aim to improve longevity and health recommendations.', 'duration': 244.471, 'highlights': ["Manipulating the SIRT1 gene in neurons extended the animal's lifespan. When the SIRT1 gene was upregulated in the neurons of an animal, it lived longer, indicating the potential of gene manipulation in extending lifespan.", 'Manipulating the inflammation of the hypothalamus can also lead to longer lifespan in animals. Changing the inflammation of the hypothalamus, a part of the brain, was sufficient to make animals live longer, suggesting the role of brain functions in longevity.', 'Future of data collection involves easier methods such as cheek swabs for measuring hormones, stress levels, blood glucose, and biological age. The future of data collection for human biological systems may involve using cheek swabs for measuring various health indicators, including hormones, stress levels, blood glucose, and biological age, providing health recommendations based on the collected data.', 'Development of affordable home testing kits for various health measurements, including biological age. Efforts are being made to develop affordable home testing kits that can measure biological age, stress hormones, blood glucose levels, and provide health recommendations, aiming to democratize access to health testing.']}], 'duration': 1035.002, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE3880939.jpg', 'highlights': ['Cycling over 80 miles a week is associated with a 40% reduction in a variety of diseases, particularly heart disease.', 'Maintaining strength through exercise can help counteract the effects of sitting for most of the day and reduce the risk of frailty and injuries associated with aging.', 'Balancing aerobic exercise and strength training is important for maintaining long-term health, as excessive exercise can lead to reduced benefits and potential joint issues.', 'Quality and depth of sleep are crucial for longevity, with disruption of the sleep-wake cycle leading to premature aging and increased susceptibility to age-related diseases, emphasizing the importance of optimizing sleep habits.', 'Stress management plays a vital role in longevity, as chronic stress can lead to a shorter lifespan, highlighting the significance of maintaining a calm and composed mindset.', "Manipulating the SIRT1 gene in neurons extended the animal's lifespan. When the SIRT1 gene was upregulated in the neurons of an animal, it lived longer, indicating the potential of gene manipulation in extending lifespan.", 'Manipulating the inflammation of the hypothalamus can also lead to longer lifespan in animals. Changing the inflammation of the hypothalamus, a part of the brain, was sufficient to make animals live longer, suggesting the role of brain functions in longevity.', 'Development of affordable home testing kits for various health measurements, including biological age. Efforts are being made to develop affordable home testing kits that can measure biological age, stress hormones, blood glucose levels, and provide health recommendations, aiming to democratize access to health testing.']}, {'end': 6084.69, 'segs': [{'end': 4958.463, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4916.442, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4918.344, 'text': 'I almost wanted to share that data with the world.', 'start': 4916.442, 'duration': 1.902}, {'end': 4925.759, 'text': "like in some way, not the entirety of the data, but like some visualization of like how I'm doing.", 'start': 4919.414, 'duration': 6.345}, {'end': 4934.526, 'text': "Like, it's almost like, you know, when you share, if you had like a long run or something like that, I wish I could share, because it inspires others.", 'start': 4925.799, 'duration': 8.727}, {'end': 4938.77, 'text': "And then you can have a conversation about like well, what are the hacks that you've tried?", 'start': 4934.566, 'duration': 4.204}, {'end': 4943.574, 'text': "And have a conversation about, like, how to improve lifestyle and those kinds of things that's grounded in data.", 'start': 4938.85, 'duration': 4.724}, {'end': 4945.595, 'text': "That's exactly, that's what's gonna happen.", 'start': 4943.654, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 4947.397, 'text': "Now, everything's anonymous, of course.", 'start': 4945.615, 'duration': 1.782}, {'end': 4948.838, 'text': 'We talked about security there.', 'start': 4947.737, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 4952.46, 'text': "But once it's anonymized, you can then plot these numbers.", 'start': 4949.698, 'duration': 2.762}, {'end': 4958.463, 'text': "And I've plotted my epigenetic age versus hundreds of other people who have taken this test now.", 'start': 4952.58, 'duration': 5.883}], 'summary': "Wishing to share data visualization for inspiring others and improving lifestyle, while ensuring anonymity and plotting epigenetic age against others' data.", 'duration': 42.021, 'max_score': 4916.442, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE4916442.jpg'}, {'end': 5173.437, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5135.276, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5142.922, 'text': "If you do the right things in your life, which is eat healthy food, don't overeat, don't become obese, do a bit of exercise,", 'start': 5135.276, 'duration': 7.646}, {'end': 5144.763, 'text': "get good sleep and don't stress.", 'start': 5142.922, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 5147.185, 'text': 'that gives you, on average, 14 extra years.', 'start': 5144.763, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 5149.107, 'text': 'That gets you to 94.', 'start': 5147.225, 'duration': 1.882}, {'end': 5153.21, 'text': "So getting to 100, if you just focus on what I'm talking about, it's not a big deal.", 'start': 5149.107, 'duration': 4.103}, {'end': 5159.415, 'text': "So what's the maximum? Well, we know that one human made it to 122 and a number of them make it into their teens.", 'start': 5153.75, 'duration': 5.665}, {'end': 5167.016, 'text': "I think that's also the next level of where we can get to with the types of technologies that I'm talking about.", 'start': 5160.395, 'duration': 6.621}, {'end': 5173.437, 'text': "Medicines, like I mentioned rapamycin, there's one called metformin, which is the diabetes drug, which I take.", 'start': 5167.656, 'duration': 5.781}], 'summary': 'Healthy lifestyle and medical advancements can add 14 years on average to life expectancy, with potential to reach beyond 100.', 'duration': 38.161, 'max_score': 5135.276, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE5135276.jpg'}, {'end': 5362.075, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5333.696, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5335.777, 'text': 'And all evidence points to that being true.', 'start': 5333.696, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 5342.059, 'text': "So I'd rather go in and rejuvenate the brain as it sits rather than replace individual cells, which would be really hard.", 'start': 5336.497, 'duration': 5.562}, {'end': 5344.035, 'text': 'What do you think about?', 'start': 5343.154, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 5353.486, 'text': 'efforts like Neuralink, which basically you mentioned uploading are trying to figure out, so creating brain computer interfaces.', 'start': 5344.035, 'duration': 9.451}, {'end': 5360.153, 'text': "they're trying to figure out how to communicate with the brain, but one of the features of that is trying to record the human brain.", 'start': 5353.486, 'duration': 6.667}, {'end': 5362.075, 'text': 'more and more accurately.', 'start': 5361.094, 'duration': 0.981}], 'summary': 'Efforts like neuralink focus on creating brain computer interfaces to record the human brain more accurately.', 'duration': 28.379, 'max_score': 5333.696, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE5333696.jpg'}, {'end': 5789.45, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5763.957, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 5773.204, 'text': "And the very, what you call the curse, which I agree with you, it's a curse and a blessing that we're able to contemplate our own mortality.", 'start': 5763.957, 'duration': 9.247}, {'end': 5776.285, 'text': 'meaning to life.', 'start': 5775.505, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 5780.447, 'text': 'So death gives meaning to life is what Viktor Frankl argues.', 'start': 5776.625, 'duration': 3.822}, {'end': 5782.508, 'text': 'I would probably argue the same.', 'start': 5780.467, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 5789.45, 'text': "There's something about the scarcity of life and contemplating that that makes each moment that much sweeter.", 'start': 5782.588, 'duration': 6.862}], 'summary': 'Contemplating mortality gives meaning to life, according to viktor frankl and the speaker.', 'duration': 25.493, 'max_score': 5763.957, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE5763957.jpg'}, {'end': 5874.943, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5846.18, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 5848.902, 'text': "But it's very possible that I would enjoy just as much.", 'start': 5846.18, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 5855.267, 'text': "Of course, enjoying life, whether you're mortal or not, takes work.", 'start': 5850.323, 'duration': 4.944}, {'end': 5859.41, 'text': 'It requires you to have the right kind of frame of mind.', 'start': 5855.647, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 5864.014, 'text': 'You can discover, you can focus your mind on the ugliness of life.', 'start': 5859.871, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 5867.937, 'text': "There's plenty of ugly things in this world, and you can focus on them.", 'start': 5864.515, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 5868.798, 'text': 'You can complain.', 'start': 5867.977, 'duration': 0.821}, {'end': 5874.943, 'text': "Whenever, if it's raining outside, you can.", 'start': 5869.359, 'duration': 5.584}], 'summary': 'Enjoying life takes work, requires the right mindset, and the ability to focus on positivity despite the presence of negativity.', 'duration': 28.763, 'max_score': 5846.18, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE5846180.jpg'}], 'start': 4916.442, 'title': 'Personalized health data, longevity, and finding joy', 'summary': 'Explores sharing anonymized health data for personalized insights, longevity through lifestyle changes and medical advancements, and finding joy through contemplation of mortality and gratitude.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5038.833, 'start': 4916.442, 'title': 'Future of personalized health data', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential of sharing anonymized health data for personalized insights, emphasizing the benefits of data-driven lifestyle improvements and the future of individualized healthcare.', 'duration': 122.391, 'highlights': ['The emergence of a world where individuals can share anonymized health data to compare their biological age with others, enabling personalized insights and lifestyle improvements.', 'The potential for personalized health dashboards incorporating swabs, blood tests, and biosensors to provide individualized recommendations for improving health and nutrition.', 'The importance of sharing health data to inspire others, initiate conversations about lifestyle improvements, and provide a benchmark for individuals to assess their health relative to others.']}, {'end': 5743.615, 'start': 5040.45, 'title': 'Longevity and immortality', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential for human longevity, suggesting that through lifestyle changes and medical advancements, individuals can aim to reach a century or more, with the possibility of living beyond 1000 years by leveraging technologies like genetic modification and brain rejuvenation.', 'duration': 703.165, 'highlights': ['Lifestyle changes and medical advancements can potentially extend human lifespan. By adopting healthy diets, exercise, good sleep, and stress management, individuals can add an average of 14 extra years to their lifespan, potentially reaching 100 years or more.', 'Technologies like genetic modification and medicines such as rapamycin and metformin hold the potential to extend human lifespan beyond 100 years. The combination of genetic modification, medications like rapamycin and metformin, along with lifestyle changes, could potentially push human lifespan beyond 100 years, with no maximum limit to human lifespan.', 'Brain rejuvenation and the potential for brain-computer interfaces may offer a pathway to achieving immortality or significantly prolonged longevity. Research on brain rejuvenation and brain-computer interfaces, coupled with the understanding of how to preserve and potentially upload the human mind, offers potential pathways to achieving immortality or significantly prolonged longevity by replacing or rejuvenating brain cells.', 'The innate human denial of aging and mortality poses a psychological challenge to addressing longevity. The innate denial of aging and mortality in humans, likely genetically wired, poses a psychological challenge to addressing longevity, as individuals tend to avoid contemplating their age and mortality, hindering progress in this domain.', 'The chapter explores the philosophical and psychological aspects of human mortality and the impact on human behavior and progress. The discussion delves into the philosophical and psychological aspects of human mortality, highlighting how the fear of death and the innate denial of aging impact human behavior, progress, and the ability to address longevity effectively.']}, {'end': 6084.69, 'start': 5745.365, 'title': 'Contemplating mortality and finding joy', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of death giving meaning to life, the individual perspective on finding joy in life, and the importance of perspective in deriving joy, with a focus on gratitude and appreciation.', 'duration': 339.325, 'highlights': ['The concept of death giving meaning to life and the individual perspective on finding joy in life are discussed, emphasizing the importance of gratitude and appreciation.', "Viktor Frankl's argument that death gives meaning to life is mentioned, along with the individual perspective on finding joy in life.", 'The importance of perspective in deriving joy, with a focus on gratitude and appreciation is emphasized.', 'The discussion on the concept of death giving meaning to life and the individual perspective on finding joy in life is highlighted.', 'The importance of gratitude and appreciation in deriving joy is emphasized.']}], 'duration': 1168.248, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/jhKZIq3SlYE/pics/jhKZIq3SlYE4916442.jpg', 'highlights': ['Technologies like genetic modification and medicines such as rapamycin and metformin hold the potential to extend human lifespan beyond 100 years.', 'The combination of genetic modification, medications like rapamycin and metformin, along with lifestyle changes, could potentially push human lifespan beyond 100 years, with no maximum limit to human lifespan.', 'The potential for brain rejuvenation and brain-computer interfaces may offer a pathway to achieving immortality or significantly prolonged longevity.', 'The emergence of a world where individuals can share anonymized health data to compare their biological age with others, enabling personalized insights and lifestyle improvements.', 'The importance of sharing health data to inspire others, initiate conversations about lifestyle improvements, and provide a benchmark for individuals to assess their health relative to others.', 'Lifestyle changes and medical advancements can potentially extend human lifespan. By adopting healthy diets, exercise, good sleep, and stress management, individuals can add an average of 14 extra years to their lifespan, potentially reaching 100 years or more.', 'The concept of death giving meaning to life and the individual perspective on finding joy in life are discussed, emphasizing the importance of gratitude and appreciation.', 'The importance of perspective in deriving joy, with a focus on gratitude and appreciation is emphasized.', 'The discussion on the concept of death giving meaning to life and the individual perspective on finding joy in life is highlighted.', 'The importance of gratitude and appreciation in deriving joy is emphasized.']}], 'highlights': ['Technologies like genetic modification and medicines such as rapamycin and metformin hold the potential to extend human lifespan beyond 100 years.', 'The combination of genetic modification, medications like rapamycin and metformin, along with lifestyle changes, could potentially push human lifespan beyond 100 years, with no maximum limit to human lifespan.', 'The potential for brain rejuvenation and brain-computer interfaces may offer a pathway to achieving immortality or significantly prolonged longevity.', 'The emergence of a world where individuals can share anonymized health data to compare their biological age with others, enabling personalized insights and lifestyle improvements.', 'The importance of sharing health data to inspire others, initiate conversations about lifestyle improvements, and provide a benchmark for individuals to assess their health relative to others.', 'Lifestyle changes and medical advancements can potentially extend human lifespan. By adopting healthy diets, exercise, good sleep, and stress management, individuals can add an average of 14 extra years to their lifespan, potentially reaching 100 years or more.', 'The concept of death giving meaning to life and the individual perspective on finding joy in life are discussed, emphasizing the importance of gratitude and appreciation.', 'The importance of perspective in deriving joy, with a focus on gratitude and appreciation is emphasized.', 'The discussion on the concept of death giving meaning to life and the individual perspective on finding joy in life is highlighted.', 'The importance of gratitude and appreciation in deriving joy is emphasized.']}