title
Consciousness is Not a Computation (Roger Penrose) | AI Podcast Clips

description
Full episode with Roger Penrose (Mar 2020): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=orMtwOz6Db0 Clips channel (Lex Clips): https://www.youtube.com/lexclips Main channel (Lex Fridman): https://www.youtube.com/lexfridman (more links below) Podcast full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Podcasts clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/ai Podcast on Apple Podcasts (iTunes): https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Podcast on Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 Podcast RSS: https://lexfridman.com/category/ai/feed/ Roger Penrose is physicist, mathematician, and philosopher at University of Oxford. He has made fundamental contributions in many disciplines from the mathematical physics of general relativity and cosmology to the limitations of a computational view of consciousness. Subscribe to this YouTube channel or connect on: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Consciousness is Not a Computation (Roger Penrose) | AI Podcast Clips', 'heatmap': [{'end': 1038.963, 'start': 1021.297, 'weight': 0.763}, {'end': 1147.566, 'start': 1101.374, 'weight': 0.862}, {'end': 1271.496, 'start': 1255.564, 'weight': 0.735}], 'summary': "Roger penrose's skepticism about computers surpassing human intelligence is explored in 'the emperor's new mind' and a conversation between edward fredkin and marvin minsky. the search for the non-computable source of consciousness uncovers the role of microtubules in preserving quantum coherence, revolutionizing our understanding of consciousness within biology. the significance of microtubules in cells and the potential of symmetrical structures in preserving quantum coherence are examined, along with the need to modify conventional quantum mechanics due to gravitational effects, supported by ongoing experiments. the growing acceptance of a particular viewpoint in physics theories of consciousness, the lack of consensus on the nature of consciousness, and the historical connection between quantum mechanics and consciousness are discussed, proposing that consciousness arises from the quantum choice of states and the mystery of orchestrating these states into genuine conscious experience.", 'chapters': [{'end': 160.919, 'segs': [{'end': 102.55, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 51.329, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 55.803, 'text': "And in the process of writing this book, Well, I thought I'd do it when I was retired.", 'start': 51.329, 'duration': 4.474}, {'end': 56.523, 'text': "I didn't actually.", 'start': 55.823, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 64.666, 'text': "I didn't wait that long because there was a radio discussion between Edward Fredkin and Marvin Minsky.", 'start': 56.563, 'duration': 8.103}, {'end': 68.908, 'text': 'And they were talking about what computers could do.', 'start': 65.727, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 71.869, 'text': 'And they were entering a big room.', 'start': 68.928, 'duration': 2.941}, {'end': 73.41, 'text': 'They imagined entering this big room.', 'start': 71.889, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 77.791, 'text': 'At the other end of the room, two computers were talking to each other.', 'start': 73.47, 'duration': 4.321}, {'end': 89.371, 'text': 'And as you walk up to the computers, they will have communicated to each other more ideas, concepts, things than the entire human race had ever done.', 'start': 78.372, 'duration': 10.999}, {'end': 94.314, 'text': "So I thought, well, I know where you're coming from, but I just don't believe you.", 'start': 90.432, 'duration': 3.882}, {'end': 95.955, 'text': "There's something missing.", 'start': 95.015, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 102.55, 'text': 'So I thought, well, I should write my book, And so I did.', 'start': 98.517, 'duration': 4.033}], 'summary': "Inspired by radio discussion, wrote book on computers' potential impact on humanity.", 'duration': 51.221, 'max_score': 51.329, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc051329.jpg'}, {'end': 146.59, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 119.904, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 127.934, 'text': "Yes, it was quite interesting because he told me he'd got Carl Sagan, I think, to write a foreword to the book, you see.", 'start': 119.904, 'duration': 8.03}, {'end': 132.058, 'text': "So I thought, gosh, what am I going to do? I'm not going to get anywhere unless I get somebody.", 'start': 128.014, 'duration': 4.044}, {'end': 135.062, 'text': "So I said, oh, I know Martin Gardner, so I wonder if he'd do it.", 'start': 132.479, 'duration': 2.583}, {'end': 137.525, 'text': 'So he did, and he did a very nice foreword.', 'start': 135.843, 'duration': 1.682}, {'end': 139.606, 'text': "So that's an incredible book.", 'start': 138.085, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 146.59, 'text': 'And some of the same people you mentioned Ed Franken, which I guess of Expert Systems fame, and Minsky.', 'start': 139.646, 'duration': 6.944}], 'summary': 'The speaker obtained a foreword from martin gardner for the book, and it includes notable names like carl sagan and ed franken.', 'duration': 26.686, 'max_score': 119.904, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc0119904.jpg'}], 'start': 2.148, 'title': 'Consciousness and computation', 'summary': "Delves into roger penrose's skepticism about computers surpassing human intelligence, drawing from 'the emperor's new mind' and a conversation between edward fredkin and marvin minsky", 'chapters': [{'end': 160.919, 'start': 2.148, 'title': 'Consciousness and computation', 'summary': "Discusses roger penrose's views on consciousness and computation, including the inspiration behind his book 'the emperor's new mind' and his skepticism towards the ability of computers to surpass human intelligence based on a conversation between edward fredkin and marvin minsky.", 'duration': 158.771, 'highlights': ["Roger Penrose wrote 'The Emperor's New Mind' during his scientific career, inspired by the discussion between Edward Fredkin and Marvin Minsky about the potential of computers to surpass human intelligence.", 'Penrose expressed skepticism about the ability of computers to communicate more ideas and concepts than the entire human race, leading to the writing of his book.', "Stephen Hawking's 'Brief History of Time' was written around the same time as 'The Emperor's New Mind', and Penrose found it interesting that Hawking had Carl Sagan write a foreword while he approached Martin Gardner for the same purpose."]}], 'duration': 158.771, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc02148.jpg', 'highlights': ["Penrose's skepticism about computers surpassing human intelligence was inspired by a conversation between Edward Fredkin and Marvin Minsky.", "Penrose expressed doubt about computers' ability to surpass human intelligence, leading to the writing of 'The Emperor's New Mind'.", "Penrose found it interesting that Stephen Hawking had Carl Sagan write a foreword for 'Brief History of Time' while he approached Martin Gardner for the same purpose for his book."]}, {'end': 330.864, 'segs': [{'end': 255.277, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 222.537, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 227.183, 'text': "You don't know about microtubules, do you? He didn't put it quite like that, but that was more or less it.", 'start': 222.537, 'duration': 4.646}, {'end': 229.426, 'text': 'And he said, this is what you really need to consider.', 'start': 227.383, 'duration': 2.043}, {'end': 234.052, 'text': "So I thought, my God, yes, that's a much more promising structure.", 'start': 229.446, 'duration': 4.606}, {'end': 246.092, 'text': 'So, I mean, fundamentally, you were searching for the non-computable source of consciousness within the human brain, in the biology.', 'start': 234.406, 'duration': 11.686}, {'end': 255.277, 'text': "And so, if I may ask, what are microtubules? Well, you see, I was ignorant in what I'd read.", 'start': 246.492, 'duration': 8.785}], 'summary': 'Discussion on microtubules and their potential role in the non-computable source of consciousness within the human brain.', 'duration': 32.74, 'max_score': 222.537, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc0222537.jpg'}, {'end': 288.742, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 264.611, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 276.116, 'text': "Stuart. I think one of the things that impressed him about them is when you see pictures of mitosis that's a cell dividing and you see all the chromosomes and the chromosomes.", 'start': 264.611, 'duration': 11.505}, {'end': 278.277, 'text': 'they all get lined up and then they get pulled apart.', 'start': 276.116, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 288.742, 'text': 'And so as the cell divides, half the chromosomes go, they divide into the two parts, and they go two different ways.', 'start': 279.491, 'duration': 9.251}], 'summary': 'Mitosis involves chromosomes lining up and getting pulled apart as the cell divides, with half going in each direction.', 'duration': 24.131, 'max_score': 264.611, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc0264611.jpg'}], 'start': 161.359, 'title': 'The search for consciousness', 'summary': "Delves into a scientist's quest to uncover the non-computable source of consciousness, uncovering the role of microtubules in preserving quantum coherence, revolutionizing our understanding of consciousness within biology.", 'chapters': [{'end': 330.864, 'start': 161.359, 'title': 'The search for consciousness', 'summary': "Explores the journey of a scientist's search for the non-computable source of consciousness within the human brain, stumbling upon microtubules and their role in preserving quantum coherence, leading to a shift in perspective and understanding consciousness in the biology.", 'duration': 169.505, 'highlights': ["Microtubules play a crucial role in cell division, pulling apart chromosomes and are the focus of the scientist's renewed interest. Importance of microtubules in cell division", "Microtubules are identified as a more promising structure for understanding consciousness within the human brain, leading to a shift in the scientist's perspective. Impact of microtubules on the scientist's perspective", "Stuart Hameroff introduces the concept of microtubules to the scientist, prompting a realization of the potential significance of microtubules in understanding consciousness. Influence of Stuart Hameroff's insight on the scientist"]}], 'duration': 169.505, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc0161359.jpg', 'highlights': ['Microtubules play a crucial role in cell division, pulling apart chromosomes.', 'Microtubules are identified as a more promising structure for understanding consciousness within the human brain.', 'Stuart Hameroff introduces the concept of microtubules to the scientist, prompting a realization of the potential significance.']}, {'end': 975.318, 'segs': [{'end': 384.365, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 359.454, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 364.556, 'text': 'apart from red blood cells, they inhabit pretty well all the other cells in the body.', 'start': 359.454, 'duration': 5.102}, {'end': 366.757, 'text': "But they're not all the same kind.", 'start': 365.376, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 368.498, 'text': 'You get different kinds of microtubules.', 'start': 366.797, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 373.2, 'text': 'And the ones that excited me the most.', 'start': 369.518, 'duration': 3.682}, {'end': 380.723, 'text': 'this may still not be totally clear, but the ones that excited me most were the ones that, the only ones that I knew about at the time,', 'start': 373.2, 'duration': 7.523}, {'end': 384.365, 'text': "because they were, they're very, very symmetrical structures.", 'start': 380.723, 'duration': 3.642}], 'summary': 'Microtubules inhabit various cells in the body, with distinct symmetrical structures.', 'duration': 24.911, 'max_score': 359.454, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc0359454.jpg'}, {'end': 461.862, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 431.031, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 432.973, 'text': 'Maybe this kind of structure allows..', 'start': 431.031, 'duration': 1.942}, {'end': 437.175, 'text': 'for the mystery of the quantum mechanics.', 'start': 434.094, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 438.615, 'text': 'There was a much better chance, yes.', 'start': 437.195, 'duration': 1.42}, {'end': 444.697, 'text': 'It just struck me that partly it was the symmetry, because there is a feature of symmetry.', 'start': 438.775, 'duration': 5.922}, {'end': 449.338, 'text': 'you can preserve quantum coherence much better with symmetrical structures.', 'start': 444.697, 'duration': 4.641}, {'end': 450.919, 'text': 'There is a good reason for that.', 'start': 449.859, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 453.24, 'text': 'And that impressed me a lot.', 'start': 451.879, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 458.301, 'text': "I didn't know the difference between the A lattice and B lattice at that time, which could be important.", 'start': 454.06, 'duration': 4.241}, {'end': 461.862, 'text': "Now that couldn't, that's an issue which isn't talked about much.", 'start': 459.401, 'duration': 2.461}], 'summary': 'Symmetrical structures preserve quantum coherence better, a crucial feature in quantum mechanics.', 'duration': 30.831, 'max_score': 431.031, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc0431031.jpg'}, {'end': 501.147, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 476.486, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 483.709, 'text': 'or which is a biological philosophy of mind that postulates that consciousness originates at the quantum level, inside neurons.', 'start': 476.486, 'duration': 7.223}, {'end': 487.995, 'text': 'so that has to do with your search for where is it coming from.', 'start': 483.709, 'duration': 4.286}, {'end': 493.963, 'text': "So that's counter to the notion that consciousness might arise from the computation performed by the synapses.", 'start': 488.095, 'duration': 5.868}, {'end': 501.147, 'text': "Yes, I think the key point is sometimes people say, It's because it's quantum mechanical.", 'start': 494.624, 'duration': 6.523}], 'summary': 'Consciousness originates at the quantum level inside neurons, counter to synapse computation theory.', 'duration': 24.661, 'max_score': 476.486, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc0476486.jpg'}, {'end': 748.599, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 719.509, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 724.932, 'text': 'we need something which explains the collapse of the wave function.', 'start': 719.509, 'duration': 5.423}, {'end': 727.334, 'text': 'we need to go beyond the theory we have now.', 'start': 724.932, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 739.354, 'text': "I happen to be one of the kinds of people there's a whole group of people they're all considered to be a bit mavericks who believe that quantum mechanics needs to be modified.", 'start': 729.429, 'duration': 9.925}, {'end': 748.599, 'text': "There's a small minority of those people, which are already a minority, who think that the way in which it's modified has to be with gravity.", 'start': 740.295, 'duration': 8.304}], 'summary': 'A minority of scientists believe quantum mechanics needs modification, especially with regard to gravity.', 'duration': 29.09, 'max_score': 719.509, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc0719509.jpg'}], 'start': 332.085, 'title': 'Microtubules, symmetry, and quantum coherence', 'summary': 'Delves into the significance of microtubules in cells, emphasizing their prevalence and diversity, and explores the potential of symmetrical structures in preserving quantum coherence, touching upon the orchestrated objective reduction idea and the need to modify conventional quantum mechanics due to gravitational effects, supported by ongoing experiments.', 'chapters': [{'end': 380.723, 'start': 332.085, 'title': 'Microtubules and cellular excitement', 'summary': 'Discusses the significance of microtubules in various cells, particularly the most intriguing types that captivated the speaker, highlighting their prevalence and diversity.', 'duration': 48.638, 'highlights': ['The speaker finds the diversity of microtubules intriguing, noting their presence in almost all cells except red blood cells.', 'The speaker expresses excitement about specific types of microtubules, emphasizing their significance and impact on various cells.']}, {'end': 975.318, 'start': 380.723, 'title': 'Quantum coherence in symmetrical structures', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential of symmetrical structures in preserving quantum coherence, the orchestrated objective reduction idea, and the need to modify conventional quantum mechanics due to gravitational effects, supported by experiments being developed to demonstrate this need.', 'duration': 594.595, 'highlights': ['Symmetrical structures may preserve quantum coherence better, potentially impacting the mystery of quantum mechanics. The speaker emphasizes that symmetrical structures have a better chance at preserving quantum coherence, potentially impacting the mystery of quantum mechanics.', 'Discussion of the orchestrated objective reduction idea, which postulates that consciousness originates at the quantum level inside neurons. The orchestrated objective reduction idea suggests that consciousness originates at the quantum level inside neurons, countering the notion that consciousness arises from synaptic computation.', 'Arguments for the modification of conventional quantum mechanics due to gravitational effects and the need for new experiments to demonstrate this need. There is a push to modify conventional quantum mechanics due to gravitational effects, with ongoing experiments aiming to demonstrate this need.']}], 'duration': 643.233, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc0332085.jpg', 'highlights': ['The orchestrated objective reduction idea suggests that consciousness originates at the quantum level inside neurons, countering the notion that consciousness arises from synaptic computation.', 'Symmetrical structures may preserve quantum coherence better, potentially impacting the mystery of quantum mechanics.', 'The speaker finds the diversity of microtubules intriguing, noting their presence in almost all cells except red blood cells.', 'There is a push to modify conventional quantum mechanics due to gravitational effects, with ongoing experiments aiming to demonstrate this need.', 'The speaker expresses excitement about specific types of microtubules, emphasizing their significance and impact on various cells.']}, {'end': 1358.395, 'segs': [{'end': 1038.963, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1000.91, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1009.08, 'text': "there might be about four or five or six different views that which people hold, and it's one of them.", 'start': 1000.91, 'duration': 8.17}, {'end': 1014.367, 'text': "so it's considered as one of the possible lines of thinking.", 'start': 1009.08, 'duration': 5.287}, {'end': 1020.717, 'text': 'yes, You describe physics theories as falling into one of three categories the superb, the useful or the tentative.', 'start': 1014.367, 'duration': 6.35}, {'end': 1023.038, 'text': 'I like those words.', 'start': 1021.297, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 1024.558, 'text': "It's a beautiful categorization.", 'start': 1023.098, 'duration': 1.46}, {'end': 1031.579, 'text': "Do you think we'll ever have a superb theory of intelligence and of consciousness? We might.", 'start': 1024.998, 'duration': 6.581}, {'end': 1034.08, 'text': "We're a long way from it.", 'start': 1033.181, 'duration': 0.899}, {'end': 1037.801, 'text': "I don't think we're even in the tentative scale.", 'start': 1034.101, 'duration': 3.7}, {'end': 1038.963, 'text': "I mean, it's..", 'start': 1038.342, 'duration': 0.621}], 'summary': 'Physics theories categorized as superb, useful, or tentative; potential for superb theory of intelligence and consciousness.', 'duration': 23.648, 'max_score': 1000.91, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc01000910.jpg'}, {'end': 1082.678, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1054.504, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1057.927, 'text': 'I mean, you see, most views are computational in one form or another.', 'start': 1054.504, 'duration': 3.423}, {'end': 1069.705, 'text': "But it's not very clear, because even the IIT people who Think of them as computational, but I've heard them say no,", 'start': 1059.429, 'duration': 10.276}, {'end': 1071.427, 'text': 'consciousness is supposed to be not computational.', 'start': 1069.705, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 1073.048, 'text': "I say well, if it's not computational, what the hell is it?", 'start': 1071.447, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 1074.93, 'text': "What's going on??", 'start': 1074.23, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 1077.293, 'text': 'What physical processes are going on?', 'start': 1075.551, 'duration': 1.742}, {'end': 1078.294, 'text': 'which are that??', 'start': 1077.293, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 1082.678, 'text': 'What does it mean for something to be computational then?', 'start': 1080.396, 'duration': 2.282}], 'summary': 'Debating consciousness and computation in iit, but what is non-computational?', 'duration': 28.174, 'max_score': 1054.504, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc01054504.jpg'}, {'end': 1170.502, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1101.374, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1107.461, 'text': 'You see, you have to say the Schrodinger equation says all these different alternatives happen all at once,', 'start': 1101.374, 'duration': 6.087}, {'end': 1109.283, 'text': 'and then when is it that only one of them happens?', 'start': 1107.461, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 1119.38, 'text': 'Well, one of the views which was quite commonly held by a few distinguished quantum physicists is when a conscious being looks at the system or becomes aware of it,', 'start': 1109.964, 'duration': 9.416}, {'end': 1121.845, 'text': 'and at that point it becomes one or the other.', 'start': 1119.38, 'duration': 2.465}, {'end': 1127.713, 'text': "That's a role where consciousness is somehow actively reducing the state.", 'start': 1123.191, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 1130.895, 'text': 'My view is almost the exact opposite of that.', 'start': 1128.494, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 1141.541, 'text': "It's the state reduces itself in some way, some non-computational way, which we don't understand, we don't have a proper theory of, and that is..", 'start': 1131.615, 'duration': 9.926}, {'end': 1145.083, 'text': 'the building block of what consciousness is.', 'start': 1142.341, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 1147.566, 'text': 'So consciousness is the other way around.', 'start': 1145.824, 'duration': 1.742}, {'end': 1156.733, 'text': 'It depends on that choice which nature makes all the time when the state becomes one or the other rather than the superposition of one and the other.', 'start': 1147.646, 'duration': 9.087}, {'end': 1163.379, 'text': "And when that happens, there is what we're saying now an element of proto-consciousness takes place.", 'start': 1156.753, 'duration': 6.626}, {'end': 1170.502, 'text': 'Proto-consciousness is, roughly speaking, the building block out of which actual consciousness is constructed.', 'start': 1164.48, 'duration': 6.022}], 'summary': 'Consciousness affects quantum states, but my view is that the state reduces itself, leading to proto-consciousness.', 'duration': 69.128, 'max_score': 1101.374, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc01101374.jpg'}, {'end': 1218.464, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1191.63, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1200.994, 'text': "You can say it's the quantum choice of going this way or that way, but the orc part, which is the orchestration of this, is much more mysterious.", 'start': 1191.63, 'duration': 9.364}, {'end': 1213.521, 'text': 'and how does the brain somehow orchestrate all these individual or processes into a genuine, genuine, genuine conscious experience?', 'start': 1200.994, 'duration': 12.527}, {'end': 1218.464, 'text': "and it might be something that's beautifully simple, but we're in completely in the dark about.", 'start': 1213.521, 'duration': 4.943}], 'summary': "Brain's orchestration of conscious experience is a mysterious quantum choice.", 'duration': 26.834, 'max_score': 1191.63, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc01191630.jpg'}, {'end': 1283.627, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1255.564, 'weight': 0.735, 'content': [{'end': 1260.766, 'text': 'And somehow understanding is in the middle of it, you see.', 'start': 1255.564, 'duration': 5.202}, {'end': 1271.496, 'text': "It's, I like to say, could you say, of an entity that is actually intelligent if it doesn't have the quality of understanding?", 'start': 1260.786, 'duration': 10.71}, {'end': 1275.62, 'text': "I'm using terms I don't even know how to define, but who cares?", 'start': 1271.796, 'duration': 3.824}, {'end': 1276.761, 'text': "I'm just relating them.", 'start': 1275.64, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 1279.683, 'text': "They're somewhat poetic, so I somehow understand them.", 'start': 1276.781, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 1283.627, 'text': "Yes but they're not mathematical in nature.", 'start': 1279.904, 'duration': 3.723}], 'summary': 'Discussing the role of understanding in intelligence, using poetic terms, not mathematical.', 'duration': 28.063, 'max_score': 1255.564, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc01255564.jpg'}, {'end': 1329.279, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1295.425, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1296.987, 'text': "Otherwise, you wouldn't say it's really intelligence.", 'start': 1295.425, 'duration': 1.562}, {'end': 1300.229, 'text': 'And understanding needs awareness.', 'start': 1297.848, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 1303.089, 'text': "Otherwise, you wouldn't really say it's understanding.", 'start': 1300.869, 'duration': 2.22}, {'end': 1309.13, 'text': "Do you say of an entity that understands something? Unless it's really aware of it, you know, normal usage.", 'start': 1303.389, 'duration': 5.741}, {'end': 1314.332, 'text': "So there's a three sort of awareness, understanding, and intelligence.", 'start': 1309.831, 'duration': 4.501}, {'end': 1320.373, 'text': "And I just tend to concentrate on understanding because that's where I can say something.", 'start': 1315.252, 'duration': 5.121}, {'end': 1322.794, 'text': "Okay And that's the girdle theorem and things like that.", 'start': 1320.393, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 1329.279, 'text': "But what does it mean to perceive the color blue or something? I mean, I'm foggiest.", 'start': 1323.355, 'duration': 5.924}], 'summary': 'The speaker concentrates on understanding among awareness, understanding, and intelligence, highlighting the girdle theorem.', 'duration': 33.854, 'max_score': 1295.425, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc01295425.jpg'}, {'end': 1358.395, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1338.586, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 1343.149, 'text': 'Or where you assign a sound to a color?', 'start': 1338.586, 'duration': 4.563}, {'end': 1343.65, 'text': "Yeah, that's right.", 'start': 1343.209, 'duration': 0.441}, {'end': 1345.231, 'text': 'You get colors and sounds mixed up.', 'start': 1343.67, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 1347.152, 'text': 'And that sort of thing.', 'start': 1346.212, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 1348.954, 'text': 'I mean, an interesting subject.', 'start': 1347.252, 'duration': 1.702}, {'end': 1354.149, 'text': "Yeah But from the physics perspective, from the fundamentals perspective, we don't.", 'start': 1349.154, 'duration': 4.995}, {'end': 1358.395, 'text': "I think we're way off having much understanding of what's going on there.", 'start': 1354.65, 'duration': 3.745}], 'summary': 'Discussion on assigning sound to color, physics perspective, and lack of understanding.', 'duration': 19.809, 'max_score': 1338.586, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc01338586.jpg'}], 'start': 975.919, 'title': 'Theories of consciousness in physics', 'summary': 'Delves into the growing acceptance of a particular viewpoint in physics theories of consciousness, the lack of consensus on the nature of consciousness, and the historical connection between quantum mechanics and consciousness, with only a minority holding a specific viewpoint. it also explores the relationship between consciousness and quantum states, proposing that consciousness arises from the quantum choice of states and the mystery of orchestrating these states into genuine conscious experience.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1121.845, 'start': 975.919, 'title': 'Theories of consciousness in physics', 'summary': 'Discusses the growing acceptance of a particular viewpoint in physics theories of consciousness, the lack of consensus on the nature of consciousness, and the historical connection between quantum mechanics and consciousness, with only a minority holding a specific viewpoint.', 'duration': 145.926, 'highlights': ['The viewpoint on consciousness has grown into one of the main viewpoints in physics theories, with about four or five or six different views that people hold. The discussion highlights the increasing acceptance of a particular viewpoint in physics theories of consciousness, with several different views now held by people.', 'There is a lack of consensus on the nature of consciousness, with most views being computational in one form or another but without a clear majority-accepted view. The lack of consensus on the nature of consciousness is emphasized, with most views being computational but lacking a clear majority-accepted perspective.', 'The historical connection between quantum mechanics and consciousness, with a viewpoint suggesting that a conscious being looking at a system determines its outcome, is discussed. The historical connection between quantum mechanics and consciousness is discussed, including the viewpoint that a conscious being looking at a system determines its outcome.']}, {'end': 1358.395, 'start': 1123.191, 'title': 'Consciousness and the quantum realm', 'summary': 'Discusses the relationship between consciousness and quantum states, proposing that consciousness arises from the quantum choice of states, and highlights the mystery of orchestrating these states into genuine conscious experience.', 'duration': 235.204, 'highlights': ['Consciousness is proposed to arise from the quantum choice of states, where the state reduces itself in a non-computational way, forming the building block of consciousness.', 'Proto-consciousness is described as the building block from which actual consciousness is constructed, occurring when the state decides to become one or the other rather than a superposition.', 'The mystery lies in how the brain orchestrates individual processes into genuine conscious experience, highlighting the unclear nature of the orchestration (orc) part in the proposed theory of consciousness.', 'The relationship between understanding, intelligence, and awareness is discussed, emphasizing the belief that intelligence requires understanding, which in turn requires awareness.', 'The author emphasizes the difficulty in defining and understanding subjective experiences such as perceiving colors and sounds, highlighting the limited understanding from a fundamental and physics perspective.']}], 'duration': 382.476, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXgqik6HXc0/pics/hXgqik6HXc0975919.jpg', 'highlights': ['The viewpoint on consciousness has grown into one of the main viewpoints in physics theories, with about four or five or six different views that people hold.', 'There is a lack of consensus on the nature of consciousness, with most views being computational in one form or another but without a clear majority-accepted view.', 'The historical connection between quantum mechanics and consciousness, with a viewpoint suggesting that a conscious being looking at a system determines its outcome.', 'Consciousness is proposed to arise from the quantum choice of states, where the state reduces itself in a non-computational way, forming the building block of consciousness.', 'Proto-consciousness is described as the building block from which actual consciousness is constructed, occurring when the state decides to become one or the other rather than a superposition.', 'The mystery lies in how the brain orchestrates individual processes into genuine conscious experience, highlighting the unclear nature of the orchestration (orc) part in the proposed theory of consciousness.', 'The relationship between understanding, intelligence, and awareness is discussed, emphasizing the belief that intelligence requires understanding, which in turn requires awareness.', 'The author emphasizes the difficulty in defining and understanding subjective experiences such as perceiving colors and sounds, highlighting the limited understanding from a fundamental and physics perspective.']}], 'highlights': ["Penrose's skepticism about computers surpassing human intelligence was inspired by a conversation between Edward Fredkin and Marvin Minsky.", "Penrose expressed doubt about computers' ability to surpass human intelligence, leading to the writing of 'The Emperor's New Mind'.", "Penrose found it interesting that Stephen Hawking had Carl Sagan write a foreword for 'Brief History of Time' while he approached Martin Gardner for the same purpose for his book.", 'Microtubules play a crucial role in cell division, pulling apart chromosomes.', 'Microtubules are identified as a more promising structure for understanding consciousness within the human brain.', 'Stuart Hameroff introduces the concept of microtubules to the scientist, prompting a realization of the potential significance.', 'The orchestrated objective reduction idea suggests that consciousness originates at the quantum level inside neurons, countering the notion that consciousness arises from synaptic computation.', 'Symmetrical structures may preserve quantum coherence better, potentially impacting the mystery of quantum mechanics.', 'The speaker finds the diversity of microtubules intriguing, noting their presence in almost all cells except red blood cells.', 'There is a push to modify conventional quantum mechanics due to gravitational effects, with ongoing experiments aiming to demonstrate this need.', 'The speaker expresses excitement about specific types of microtubules, emphasizing their significance and impact on various cells.', 'The viewpoint on consciousness has grown into one of the main viewpoints in physics theories, with about four or five or six different views that people hold.', 'There is a lack of consensus on the nature of consciousness, with most views being computational in one form or another but without a clear majority-accepted view.', 'The historical connection between quantum mechanics and consciousness, with a viewpoint suggesting that a conscious being looking at a system determines its outcome.', 'Consciousness is proposed to arise from the quantum choice of states, where the state reduces itself in a non-computational way, forming the building block of consciousness.', 'Proto-consciousness is described as the building block from which actual consciousness is constructed, occurring when the state decides to become one or the other rather than a superposition.', 'The mystery lies in how the brain orchestrates individual processes into genuine conscious experience, highlighting the unclear nature of the orchestration (orc) part in the proposed theory of consciousness.', 'The relationship between understanding, intelligence, and awareness is discussed, emphasizing the belief that intelligence requires understanding, which in turn requires awareness.', 'The author emphasizes the difficulty in defining and understanding subjective experiences such as perceiving colors and sounds, highlighting the limited understanding from a fundamental and physics perspective.']}