title
Cyber Security Full Course 2023 | Cyber Security Course Training For Beginners 2023 | Simplilearn

description
🔥Post Graduate Program In Cyber Security: https://www.simplilearn.com/pgp-cyber-security-certification-training-course?utm_campaign=CyberSecurityFullCourse2023-hXSFdwIOfnE&utm_medium=Descriptionff&utm_source=youtube 🔥IIIT Bangalore Advanced Executive Program In Cybersecurity (India Only): https://www.simplilearn.com/pgp-advanced-executive-program-in-cyber-security?utm_campaign=SCE-IIITBangaloreCS&utm_medium=DescriptionFF&utm_source=youtube 🔥Cyber Security Masters Program (Discount Code - YTBE15): https://www.simplilearn.com/cyber-security-expert-master-program-training-course?utm_campaign=SCE-MasterCS&utm_medium=DescriptionFF&utm_source=youtube We provide a small introduction to cybersecurity, followed by explainers regarding the career scope in this domain and the job roles offered. After covering a few cybersecurity skills, we will learn about ethical hacking and network masking techniques like VPNs and Proxies. Further, we delve into various attacks like DDoS attacks, SQL injection, and cross-site scripting with live demonstrations that you can carry out on your own system for practice. 00:00:00 Cyber Security Full Course 2023 00:01:47 What is Cyber Security 00:07:32 Top 10 reasons to learn cybersecurity 00:18:00 Cyber security Career - Jobs and Salary 00:35:19 What is ethical hacking 00:42:12 Top 5 ethical hacking tools 00:54:10 What is VPN? 01:03:31 What is Tor browser? 01:17:43 What is a firewall? 01:22:10 What is Ransomware? 01:26:34 What is malware? 01:34:44 What is SQL Injection? 01:57:37 What is Phishing? 02:31:38 What is a DDoS Attack? 02:49:47 What is a Brute Force Attack? 03:06:44 What is a Botnet? 03:11:12 What is a keylogger? 03:25:58 Pegasus Spyware 03:34:15 Solarwinds Attack 03:38:55 What is Cyberwar? 03:43:46 Top 10 Cyberattacks 04:03:22 What is Network Security? 04:14:38 What is Cryptography? 04:34:36 Symmetric Key Cryptography 05:10:29 Asymmetric Key Cryptography 05:35:44 What is Hashing? 06:04:27 How do hackers crack your passwords? 06:14:14 How to create a strong password? 06:22:28 To Know If Your Computer Is Hacked 06:29:02 How To Keep WhatsApp Safe From Hackers? 06:38:04 What Is Kali Linux? Kali Linux Installation 07:03:15 What Is Parrot Security OS? Parrot Security Installation 07:24:14 Kali Linux vs Parrot OS: Which Is Best For Hacking? 07:36:23 Nmap Tutorial For Beginners 08:07:26 Ubuntu vs Debian 2022: Which One Should You Choose? 08:22:34 What Is Intrusion Detection System (IDS)? 08:32:49 What Is Identity and access management (IAM)? 08:41:13 Cyber Security Certifications 09:00:59 Highest Paying Cyber security Jobs and Roles 09:10:29 Cybersecurity Interview questions and answers 🔥Enroll for Free Cyber Security Course & Get Your Completion Certificate: https://www.simplilearn.com/learn-cyber-security-basics-skillup?utm_campaign=CyberSecurityFullCourse2023&utm_medium=Description&utm_source=youtube ✅Subscribe to our Channel to learn more about the top Technologies: https://bit.ly/2VT4WtH ⏩ Check out the Cyber Security training videos: https://bit.ly/3cMmCxj #CyberSecurityFullCourse #WhatIsCybersecurity #IntroductionToCybersecurity #Cybersecurity #BasicsOfCybersecurityForBeginners #CyberSecurity #CybersecurityCareer #Cyber_Security #CybersecurityCourse #Cybersecurity #Simplilearn ➡️ About Post Graduate Program In Cyber Security ✅ Key Features - Simplilearn Post Graduate Certificate - Masterclasses from MIT Faculty - Featuring Modules from MIT SCC and EC-Council - 8X higher interaction in live online classes conducted by industry experts - Simplilearn's JobAssist helps you get noticed by top hiring companies - Industry case studies in cyber security - Access to CEH Pro Version - 25+ hands-on projects - Capstone project in 3 domains - MIT CSAIL Professional Programs Community ✅ Skills Covered - Advanced Hacking Concepts - Network Packet Analysis - Ethical Hacking - IDS Firewalls and Honeypots - Security and Risk Management - Network Security - Software Development Security - Cryptography OSI and TCPIP Models - Identity and Access Management - Security Assessment and Testing - Trojans Backdoors and Countermeasures - Mobile and Web Technologies 👉 Learn More at: https://www.simplilearn.com/pgp-cyber-security-certification-training-course?utm_campaign=CyberSecurityFullCourse2023-hXSFdwIOfnE&utm_medium=Description&utm_source=youtube 🔥🔥 Interested in Attending Live Classes? Call Us: IN - 18002127688 / US - +18445327688

detail
{'title': 'Cyber Security Full Course 2023 | Cyber Security Course Training For Beginners 2023 | Simplilearn', 'heatmap': [{'end': 1604.132, 'start': 1200.76, 'weight': 0.909}, {'end': 2806.817, 'start': 1995.049, 'weight': 0.803}, {'end': 3603.621, 'start': 3198.194, 'weight': 0.716}, {'end': 4803.751, 'start': 4395.706, 'weight': 0.711}, {'end': 5607.132, 'start': 5202.301, 'weight': 0.748}], 'summary': 'The cyber security full course 2023 by simplilearn emphasizes the rising demand for cybersecurity professionals with projections of $10.5 trillion cybercrimes cost, 3.5 million cybersecurity job demand, top 10 reasons to learn cybersecurity, career growth, salary, essential skills, network security threats, importance of coding, third-party security audits, ddos attacks, cryptographic techniques, kali linux and parrot os for penetration testing, and the importance of cybersecurity certifications with top 10 highest paying cybersecurity jobs for 2022 in the united states and india.', 'chapters': [{'end': 394.323, 'segs': [{'end': 31.048, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.029, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7.236, 'text': 'Did you know that Facebook removed 2.29 billion content pieces from their website after a record number of complaints regarding hacked accounts?', 'start': 0.029, 'duration': 7.207}, {'end': 10.579, 'text': 'Even the mighty Facebook cannot secure its systems 100%.', 'start': 7.456, 'duration': 3.123}, {'end': 12.942, 'text': 'Such is the situation when it comes to cybersecurity.', 'start': 10.579, 'duration': 2.363}, {'end': 20.325, 'text': 'Based on recent events and future predictions, Cybercrimes will cost organizations worldwide a whopping $10.5 trillion,', 'start': 13.122, 'duration': 7.203}, {'end': 22.646, 'text': 'coming from just $3.5 trillion in 2050..', 'start': 20.325, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 31.048, 'text': 'So you can understand why it should not come as a surprise that professionals trained in cybersecurity are in sky-high demand and will be for the foreseeable future.', 'start': 22.646, 'duration': 8.402}], 'summary': 'Facebook removed 2.29b content pieces due to hacking; cybercrimes to cost $10.5 trillion, boosting demand for cybersecurity professionals.', 'duration': 31.019, 'max_score': 0.029, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE29.jpg'}, {'end': 248.106, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 202.944, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 210.191, 'text': 'One of the most common types of cyberattacks is a malware attack like Trojan, Adware, and Spyware, to name a few.', 'start': 202.944, 'duration': 7.247}, {'end': 214.455, 'text': 'Had Anne downloaded any suspicious attachments online,', 'start': 210.892, 'duration': 3.563}, {'end': 219.62, 'text': 'her system could have gotten corrupted by certain malicious viruses embedded within the attachments.', 'start': 214.455, 'duration': 5.165}, {'end': 224.664, 'text': 'Next is a phishing attack, the type of cyberattack which Anne experienced.', 'start': 220.44, 'duration': 4.224}, {'end': 230.45, 'text': 'Here, the hacker usually sends fraudulent emails which appear to be coming from a legitimate source.', 'start': 225.345, 'duration': 5.105}, {'end': 237.498, 'text': 'This is done to install malware or to steal sensitive data like credit card information and login credentials.', 'start': 231.151, 'duration': 6.347}, {'end': 241.702, 'text': 'Another type of attack is the man-in-the-middle attack.', 'start': 238.459, 'duration': 3.243}, {'end': 248.106, 'text': "Here, the hacker gains access to the information path between Anne's device and the website's server.", 'start': 242.463, 'duration': 5.643}], 'summary': 'Common cyberattacks include malware, phishing, and man-in-the-middle attacks, which can install viruses, steal data, and intercept information paths.', 'duration': 45.162, 'max_score': 202.944, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE202944.jpg'}], 'start': 0.029, 'title': 'Cybersecurity in 2023', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the increasing demand for cybersecurity professionals, projecting cybercrimes to cost organizations $10.5 trillion. it also discusses a phishing attack experienced by anne, highlighting various cyber attacks and cybersecurity practices. additionally, it mentions the impact of cyber attacks on organizations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 113.034, 'start': 0.029, 'title': 'Cybersecurity training for 2023', 'summary': 'Highlights the growing demand for cybersecurity professionals, with cybercrimes projected to cost organizations $10.5 trillion, emphasizing the need for training in this field, as well as the content of a full cybersecurity course for 2023.', 'duration': 113.005, 'highlights': ['Cybercrimes will cost organizations worldwide a projected $10.5 trillion, up from $3.5 trillion in 2050.', 'Professionals trained in cybersecurity are in high demand and will continue to be for the foreseeable future.', 'The course covers topics such as ethical hacking, network masking techniques, various cyber attacks, cryptography, Linux-based operating systems, cybersecurity tools, certifications, and interview preparation.', 'Facebook removed 2.29 billion content pieces from their website due to hacked accounts, indicating the prevalence of cybersecurity threats.']}, {'end': 394.323, 'start': 113.815, 'title': 'Cybersecurity and cyber attacks', 'summary': 'Discusses how anne fell victim to a phishing attack due to lack of cybersecurity measures, leading to unauthorized access to her account and the types of cyber attacks, including malware, phishing, man-in-the-middle, and password attacks, as well as cybersecurity practices like firewalls, honeypots, and unique passwords. it also highlights the impact of cyber attacks on organizations, such as advanced persistent threat, denial of service, distributed denial of service, and sql injection attacks.', 'duration': 280.508, 'highlights': ['Cybersecurity involves techniques that help in securing various digital components, networks, data and computer systems from unauthorized digital access. Cybersecurity encompasses techniques to protect digital components, networks, data, and computer systems from unauthorized access, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding digital assets.', 'Phishing attack, the type of cyberattack which Anne experienced. Anne fell victim to a phishing attack, where fraudulent emails are used to install malware or steal sensitive data, illustrating the prevalence and impact of such attacks on individuals.', 'Types of cyber attacks, including malware, phishing, man-in-the-middle, and password attacks. The chapter outlines various types of cyber attacks, such as malware, phishing, man-in-the-middle, and password attacks, highlighting the diverse methods used by hackers to compromise systems and data.', 'Impact of cyber attacks on organizations, such as Advanced Persistent Threat, Denial of Service, Distributed Denial of Service, and SQL injection attacks. The chapter discusses the impact of cyber attacks on organizations, including Advanced Persistent Threat, Denial of Service, Distributed Denial of Service, and SQL injection attacks, emphasizing the detrimental effects on public and private entities.', 'Cybersecurity practices like firewalls, honeypots, unique passwords, and antivirus software. It highlights cybersecurity practices such as firewalls, honeypots, unique passwords, and antivirus software, underscoring the importance of implementing proactive measures to mitigate cyber threats and attacks.']}], 'duration': 394.294, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE29.jpg', 'highlights': ['Cybercrimes will cost organizations worldwide a projected $10.5 trillion, up from $3.5 trillion in 2050.', 'Professionals trained in cybersecurity are in high demand and will continue to be for the foreseeable future.', 'The course covers topics such as ethical hacking, network masking techniques, various cyber attacks, cryptography, Linux-based operating systems, cybersecurity tools, certifications, and interview preparation.', 'Facebook removed 2.29 billion content pieces from their website due to hacked accounts, indicating the prevalence of cybersecurity threats.', 'Phishing attack, the type of cyberattack which Anne experienced. Anne fell victim to a phishing attack, where fraudulent emails are used to install malware or steal sensitive data, illustrating the prevalence and impact of such attacks on individuals.', 'Types of cyber attacks, including malware, phishing, man-in-the-middle, and password attacks. The chapter outlines various types of cyber attacks, such as malware, phishing, man-in-the-middle, and password attacks, highlighting the diverse methods used by hackers to compromise systems and data.', 'Impact of cyber attacks on organizations, such as Advanced Persistent Threat, Denial of Service, Distributed Denial of Service, and SQL injection attacks. The chapter discusses the impact of cyber attacks on organizations, including Advanced Persistent Threat, Denial of Service, Distributed Denial of Service, and SQL injection attacks, emphasizing the detrimental effects on public and private entities.', 'Cybersecurity practices like firewalls, honeypots, unique passwords, and antivirus software. It highlights cybersecurity practices such as firewalls, honeypots, unique passwords, and antivirus software, underscoring the importance of implementing proactive measures to mitigate cyber threats and attacks.', 'Cybersecurity involves techniques that help in securing various digital components, networks, data and computer systems from unauthorized digital access. Cybersecurity encompasses techniques to protect digital components, networks, data, and computer systems from unauthorized access, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding digital assets.']}, {'end': 1728.057, 'segs': [{'end': 527.737, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 502.367, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 507.809, 'text': 'These cybersecurity certifications can be opted by anyone as the eligibility for these are very basic.', 'start': 502.367, 'duration': 5.442}, {'end': 516.513, 'text': 'Cybersecurity certifications train professionals and thus helps in bridging the gap between the supply and demand of skilled cybersecurity professionals.', 'start': 508.649, 'duration': 7.864}, {'end': 522.095, 'text': "So don't take a step back from learning cybersecurity thinking it is a tedious process.", 'start': 517.613, 'duration': 4.482}, {'end': 527.737, 'text': 'If you are a fresher or a professional, you can go ahead with just these basic requirements.', 'start': 522.835, 'duration': 4.902}], 'summary': 'Cybersecurity certifications are accessible and bridge the skills gap for professionals, catering to both fresher and experienced candidates.', 'duration': 25.37, 'max_score': 502.367, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE502367.jpg'}, {'end': 1604.132, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1200.76, 'weight': 0.909, 'content': [{'end': 1204.162, 'text': 'They also configure and maintain firewalls, switches, and routers.', 'start': 1200.76, 'duration': 3.402}, {'end': 1210.224, 'text': 'This entry-level cybersecurity job can help you start your journey to become an ethical hacker.', 'start': 1204.862, 'duration': 5.362}, {'end': 1213.966, 'text': 'The annual average salary of a network engineer in the US is $85,098.', 'start': 1210.925, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 1214.926, 'text': 'And in India, it is around 510,000 rupees.', 'start': 1213.966, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 1223.951, 'text': 'Second on our list is information security analyst.', 'start': 1221.309, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 1229.314, 'text': 'As an information security analyst, your primary duty is to protect sensitive information.', 'start': 1224.531, 'duration': 4.783}, {'end': 1234.577, 'text': 'Information security analysts create and implement plans for preventing cyber attacks.', 'start': 1230.034, 'duration': 4.543}, {'end': 1238.499, 'text': 'They monitor data access and ensure compliance with policies.', 'start': 1235.077, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 1243.761, 'text': 'Depending on the cyber threat, they decide if it has to be resolved or escalated further.', 'start': 1239.239, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 1247.023, 'text': 'In the US, an information security analyst earns $89,140 annually.', 'start': 1244.322, 'duration': 2.701}, {'end': 1247.963, 'text': 'And in India, they earn 6,42,756 rupees.', 'start': 1247.043, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 1257.828, 'text': 'Third on our list is Ethical Hacker.', 'start': 1256.107, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 1260.25, 'text': 'They are also known as penetration testers.', 'start': 1258.048, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 1267.235, 'text': 'They are network security consultants who identify and exploit system vulnerabilities just like how a hacker would do.', 'start': 1260.79, 'duration': 6.445}, {'end': 1272.078, 'text': 'They probe and test the network using various penetration tools and software.', 'start': 1267.855, 'duration': 4.223}, {'end': 1276.14, 'text': 'They also design new penetration tools and document the test results.', 'start': 1272.658, 'duration': 3.482}, {'end': 1282.305, 'text': 'In the US, a certified ethical hacker earns around $93,000 on an annual average basis.', 'start': 1276.741, 'duration': 5.564}, {'end': 1285.146, 'text': 'And in India, they make around five lakh rupees.', 'start': 1282.805, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 1289.35, 'text': 'The fourth job role that we are going to talk about is security architect.', 'start': 1286.127, 'duration': 3.223}, {'end': 1294.454, 'text': 'Security architects research and plan the security elements for their organizations.', 'start': 1290.05, 'duration': 4.404}, {'end': 1299.518, 'text': 'They design robust security structures that are capable of preventing malware attacks.', 'start': 1294.994, 'duration': 4.524}, {'end': 1304.602, 'text': 'A security architect approves the installation of routers, VPN, and firewalls.', 'start': 1300.218, 'duration': 4.384}, {'end': 1312.186, 'text': 'Their duties go beyond just architecture building and including formulating company procedures, guidelines, and user guides.', 'start': 1305.262, 'duration': 6.924}, {'end': 1316.549, 'text': 'Security architects in the US make a handsome sum of $124,000 a year on an average.', 'start': 1312.847, 'duration': 3.702}, {'end': 1318.15, 'text': 'And in India, they make nearly 21,80,000 rupees.', 'start': 1316.569, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 1329.141, 'text': 'And finally, fifth on our list is Chief Information Security Officer, CISO.', 'start': 1324.56, 'duration': 4.581}, {'end': 1332.442, 'text': 'They are senior level officers in an organization.', 'start': 1329.681, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 1339.924, 'text': 'They ensure the safety of the information they develop, implement and maintain information security and risk management programs.', 'start': 1333.022, 'duration': 6.902}, {'end': 1345.246, 'text': 'They also interact with stakeholders and regularly brief them with information security concerns.', 'start': 1340.425, 'duration': 4.821}, {'end': 1351.572, 'text': 'The average annual salary of a chief information security officer in the States is a whopping $165,000 annually.', 'start': 1345.926, 'duration': 5.646}, {'end': 1352.373, 'text': 'And in India, it is 22,22,845 rupees.', 'start': 1351.632, 'duration': 0.741}, {'end': 1355.115, 'text': 'Several companies are looking for skilled cybersecurity professionals.', 'start': 1352.413, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 1368.446, 'text': 'Philips, Siemens, Google, Microsoft, and GE to name a few.', 'start': 1364.264, 'duration': 4.182}, {'end': 1375.409, 'text': 'With passion, the right amount of experience, and relevant certifications, you can grow your cybersecurity career.', 'start': 1368.946, 'duration': 6.463}, {'end': 1384.633, 'text': "You can check out Simply Learn Cybersecurity Expert Master's Program to equip you with the necessary skills needed to become an expert in this rapidly growing domain.", 'start': 1375.949, 'duration': 8.684}, {'end': 1393.297, 'text': 'This course will help you learn various methods as to how you can protect your infrastructure, secure your data, run risk analysis,', 'start': 1385.393, 'duration': 7.904}, {'end': 1395.097, 'text': 'achieve compliance and much more.', 'start': 1393.297, 'duration': 1.8}, {'end': 1404.942, 'text': 'According to Cybercrime Magazine by Cybersecurity Ventures, globally there would be nearly 3.5 million unfilled cybersecurity jobs by 2021,', 'start': 1395.318, 'duration': 9.624}, {'end': 1410.703, 'text': 'and the number of internet users will hit a whopping 6 billion by 2022..', 'start': 1404.942, 'duration': 5.761}, {'end': 1416.546, 'text': 'These numbers speak volumes and this shows the growing demand for cybersecurity professionals across the globe.', 'start': 1410.703, 'duration': 5.843}, {'end': 1425.191, 'text': 'Now that you know the high demand for cybersecurity professionals, let us help you start your cybersecurity career by bagging the right skill set.', 'start': 1417.787, 'duration': 7.404}, {'end': 1431.674, 'text': 'Many of you out there might be waiting to become a cybersecurity professional,', 'start': 1428.092, 'duration': 3.582}, {'end': 1436.637, 'text': 'but are unsure of how to go about it and what skills you would need to get a cybersecurity job.', 'start': 1431.674, 'duration': 4.963}, {'end': 1440.009, 'text': 'Not to worry, we are here to help you with that.', 'start': 1437.907, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 1446.096, 'text': 'After extensive research, we have come up with the top 5 skills that will help you get into the field of cybersecurity.', 'start': 1440.55, 'duration': 5.546}, {'end': 1448.679, 'text': "Let's have a look at these skills individually.", 'start': 1446.657, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 1455.838, 'text': 'First, we have networking and system administration.', 'start': 1453.095, 'duration': 2.743}, {'end': 1461.322, 'text': 'The number one skill you need to have to enter the field of cybersecurity is computer networking.', 'start': 1456.538, 'duration': 4.784}, {'end': 1464.325, 'text': 'Networking is the backbone of the internet.', 'start': 1462.343, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 1469.75, 'text': 'It is imperative that you have an in-depth understanding of networking to start a career in cybersecurity.', 'start': 1464.765, 'duration': 4.985}, {'end': 1476.135, 'text': 'A network is a group of interconnected devices, and networking is the art of understanding how data is sent,', 'start': 1470.47, 'duration': 5.665}, {'end': 1478.838, 'text': 'transmitted and received amongst these devices.', 'start': 1476.135, 'duration': 2.703}, {'end': 1482.331, 'text': 'You need to know various routing protocols.', 'start': 1480.39, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 1485.772, 'text': 'The TCP IP and OSI models govern networking.', 'start': 1482.671, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 1488.233, 'text': 'The OSI model is comparatively newer.', 'start': 1486.152, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 1496.696, 'text': 'Basically, in these models, all the protocols are grouped into layers and work together to help you receive data on your device sent from a server.', 'start': 1488.953, 'duration': 7.743}, {'end': 1503.159, 'text': 'Learning networking will help you understand the technical aspects of data transmission which will help you secure your data.', 'start': 1497.457, 'duration': 5.702}, {'end': 1509.881, 'text': 'You can take up networking certifications like Security Plus and Cisco CCNA to gain a strong networking foundation.', 'start': 1503.973, 'duration': 5.908}, {'end': 1514.727, 'text': 'Another skill that will be beneficial for you is to master system administration.', 'start': 1510.842, 'duration': 3.885}, {'end': 1518.693, 'text': 'If you think about it, all of us are sysadmins at some level.', 'start': 1515.608, 'duration': 3.085}, {'end': 1524.229, 'text': 'System administration is all about configuring and maintaining computers.', 'start': 1520.447, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 1530.233, 'text': 'You must be curious to know every aspect of your computer features and settings and play around a bit.', 'start': 1524.95, 'duration': 5.283}, {'end': 1537.917, 'text': 'Carry out a trial and error method and give yourself small tasks like recovering deleted files or monitoring old viruses on a VM.', 'start': 1531.233, 'duration': 6.684}, {'end': 1541.78, 'text': 'Explore new techniques, put them into use and expand your knowledge.', 'start': 1538.598, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 1545.082, 'text': 'Let us now move on to our second skill.', 'start': 1543.12, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 1548.564, 'text': 'Knowledge of operating systems and virtual machines.', 'start': 1545.922, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 1556.543, 'text': 'To become a cybersecurity professional, you need to have a strong knowledge of operating environments such as Windows, Linux, and macOS.', 'start': 1549.775, 'duration': 6.768}, {'end': 1561.95, 'text': 'Cybersecurity professionals largely use Linux and it comes with several tools.', 'start': 1557.565, 'duration': 4.385}, {'end': 1569.323, 'text': 'To learn operating systems, go ahead and set up and use virtual machines and play around with them.', 'start': 1563.12, 'duration': 6.203}, {'end': 1572.145, 'text': 'This will help you gain hands-on experience.', 'start': 1569.964, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 1576.647, 'text': 'As a cybersecurity expert, you should be comfortable working on any OS.', 'start': 1573.045, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 1582.771, 'text': 'VMs allow you to train and research in an isolated environment and help you maximize your skills.', 'start': 1577.548, 'duration': 5.223}, {'end': 1586.313, 'text': 'The next point to remember is to know Kali Linux.', 'start': 1583.851, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 1591.836, 'text': 'It is the most widely known Linux distribution for ethical hacking and penetration testing.', 'start': 1587.193, 'duration': 4.643}, {'end': 1600.41, 'text': 'It comes with several hundred tools related to penetration testing, malware analysis, security research, computer forensics and so on.', 'start': 1593.146, 'duration': 7.264}, {'end': 1604.132, 'text': 'Kali contains several projects and you can learn a lot.', 'start': 1601.19, 'duration': 2.942}], 'summary': 'Entry-level cybersecurity job roles and necessary skills for aspiring professionals with salary data.', 'duration': 403.372, 'max_score': 1200.76, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE1200760.jpg'}, {'end': 1312.186, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1282.805, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 1285.146, 'text': 'And in India, they make around five lakh rupees.', 'start': 1282.805, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 1289.35, 'text': 'The fourth job role that we are going to talk about is security architect.', 'start': 1286.127, 'duration': 3.223}, {'end': 1294.454, 'text': 'Security architects research and plan the security elements for their organizations.', 'start': 1290.05, 'duration': 4.404}, {'end': 1299.518, 'text': 'They design robust security structures that are capable of preventing malware attacks.', 'start': 1294.994, 'duration': 4.524}, {'end': 1304.602, 'text': 'A security architect approves the installation of routers, VPN, and firewalls.', 'start': 1300.218, 'duration': 4.384}, {'end': 1312.186, 'text': 'Their duties go beyond just architecture building and including formulating company procedures, guidelines, and user guides.', 'start': 1305.262, 'duration': 6.924}], 'summary': 'In india, security architects earn around five lakh rupees, planning robust security structures to prevent malware attacks and formulating company procedures and guidelines.', 'duration': 29.381, 'max_score': 1282.805, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE1282805.jpg'}, {'end': 1469.75, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1440.55, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1446.096, 'text': 'After extensive research, we have come up with the top 5 skills that will help you get into the field of cybersecurity.', 'start': 1440.55, 'duration': 5.546}, {'end': 1448.679, 'text': "Let's have a look at these skills individually.", 'start': 1446.657, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 1455.838, 'text': 'First, we have networking and system administration.', 'start': 1453.095, 'duration': 2.743}, {'end': 1461.322, 'text': 'The number one skill you need to have to enter the field of cybersecurity is computer networking.', 'start': 1456.538, 'duration': 4.784}, {'end': 1464.325, 'text': 'Networking is the backbone of the internet.', 'start': 1462.343, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 1469.75, 'text': 'It is imperative that you have an in-depth understanding of networking to start a career in cybersecurity.', 'start': 1464.765, 'duration': 4.985}], 'summary': 'Top 5 cybersecurity skills: networking & system admin, imperative for career start.', 'duration': 29.2, 'max_score': 1440.55, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE1440550.jpg'}, {'end': 1556.543, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1531.233, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1537.917, 'text': 'Carry out a trial and error method and give yourself small tasks like recovering deleted files or monitoring old viruses on a VM.', 'start': 1531.233, 'duration': 6.684}, {'end': 1541.78, 'text': 'Explore new techniques, put them into use and expand your knowledge.', 'start': 1538.598, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 1545.082, 'text': 'Let us now move on to our second skill.', 'start': 1543.12, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 1548.564, 'text': 'Knowledge of operating systems and virtual machines.', 'start': 1545.922, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 1556.543, 'text': 'To become a cybersecurity professional, you need to have a strong knowledge of operating environments such as Windows, Linux, and macOS.', 'start': 1549.775, 'duration': 6.768}], 'summary': 'Develop cybersecurity skills through trial and error, task completion, and os knowledge.', 'duration': 25.31, 'max_score': 1531.233, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE1531233.jpg'}, {'end': 1638.448, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1611.976, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1619.1, 'text': 'Remember that Linux is the backbone of cybersecurity and a commonly asked topic for cybersecurity interviews especially for pen testing roles.', 'start': 1611.976, 'duration': 7.124}, {'end': 1624.01, 'text': 'Moving on to our third skill.', 'start': 1622.608, 'duration': 1.402}, {'end': 1627.194, 'text': 'Our third skill is Network Security Control.', 'start': 1624.791, 'duration': 2.403}, {'end': 1632.12, 'text': 'It is another basic skill that every cybersecurity professional should have.', 'start': 1627.214, 'duration': 4.906}, {'end': 1638.448, 'text': 'Network Security Control refers to the different measures which are employed to enhance the security of a network.', 'start': 1632.861, 'duration': 5.587}], 'summary': 'Linux is crucial in cybersecurity interviews, and network security control is a fundamental skill for professionals.', 'duration': 26.472, 'max_score': 1611.976, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE1611976.jpg'}, {'end': 1728.057, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1680.834, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1683.275, 'text': 'It is used together with a firewall and a router.', 'start': 1680.834, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 1691.084, 'text': 'You should be able to operate the IDS and recognize any security policy violations and malicious traffic on the network.', 'start': 1684.261, 'duration': 6.823}, {'end': 1697.927, 'text': 'As many of you may have used, a VPN is a connection between a VPN server and a VPN client.', 'start': 1692.685, 'duration': 5.242}, {'end': 1700.568, 'text': 'It is a secure tunnel across the internet.', 'start': 1698.367, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 1704.089, 'text': 'Moving on, next up we have an interesting skill.', 'start': 1701.748, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 1710.352, 'text': 'Any idea what that is? If yes, pause and leave a comment as to what you think the next skill will be.', 'start': 1704.489, 'duration': 5.863}, {'end': 1717.612, 'text': 'If getting your learning started is half the battle, what if you could do that for free? Visit SkillUp by Simply Learn.', 'start': 1711.249, 'duration': 6.363}, {'end': 1720.213, 'text': 'Click on the link in the description to know more.', 'start': 1717.932, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 1728.057, 'text': 'And before we jump into this skill, if you find this video interesting, make sure to give it a thumbs up.', 'start': 1723.375, 'duration': 4.682}], 'summary': 'Ids, vpn, and firewall usage for network security. visit skillup for free learning.', 'duration': 47.223, 'max_score': 1680.834, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE1680834.jpg'}], 'start': 395.044, 'title': 'Cybersecurity careers', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges and job roles in cybersecurity, the top 10 reasons to learn cybersecurity, career growth, salary, and opportunities, and essential skills required, including a high demand for 3.5 million cybersecurity jobs by 2021.', 'chapters': [{'end': 433.295, 'start': 395.044, 'title': 'Cybersecurity challenges and job roles', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges faced by organizations in ensuring complete security amidst cyber attacks and the role of cybersecurity professionals, including ethical hackers, in identifying and resolving network vulnerabilities.', 'duration': 38.251, 'highlights': ["Cybersecurity professionals are hired to identify cyber threats and secure a company's network.", 'The role of an ethical hacker involves identifying network vulnerabilities and resolving them to protect against cyber attacks.', 'Organizations face a plethora of cyber attacks and challenges in ensuring complete security.']}, {'end': 882.18, 'start': 433.955, 'title': 'Top 10 reasons to learn cybersecurity', 'summary': 'Highlights the top 10 reasons to learn cybersecurity, emphasizing its growing demand, job opportunities, lack of mathematics requirement, and the potential to work with prestigious organizations and secret agencies.', 'duration': 448.225, 'highlights': ['Cybersecurity is an evergreen industry with a high demand for professionals, as evidenced by the projected 6 billion internet users by 2022, indicating a growing demand for cybersecurity experts across the globe. The demand for cybersecurity experts is at its peak, with the number of internet users projected to hit 6 billion by 2022, reflecting the growing demand for cybersecurity professionals worldwide.', 'Cybersecurity offers plenty of job opportunities, and relevant certifications such as CompTIA, Security+, CEH, CISM, and CISSP can help individuals prepare for industry-leading jobs. Relevant certifications like CompTIA, Security+, CEH, CISM, and CISSP can help individuals prepare for the best jobs in the cybersecurity industry, offering plenty of job opportunities.', 'The domain of cybersecurity does not involve mathematics, making it a great choice for individuals who find mathematics challenging and prefer to focus on networking, network security control, and coding. Cybersecurity does not involve mathematics, making it suitable for individuals who find mathematics challenging, allowing them to focus on networking, network security control, and coding.', 'Cybersecurity professionals have the opportunity to work with prestigious multinational companies, as well as top government secret agencies like Mossad, NSA, NIA, and FBI, offering diverse and high-profile career opportunities. Cybersecurity professionals can work with prestigious multinational companies and top government secret agencies like Mossad, NSA, NIA, and FBI, providing diverse and high-profile career opportunities.']}, {'end': 1352.373, 'start': 883.371, 'title': 'Cybersecurity career: growth, salary, and opportunities', 'summary': 'Highlights the exponential growth of cybersecurity jobs, the lucrative salary packages offered to cybersecurity professionals, and the unlimited potential for personal growth in the domain, emphasizing the high demand for skilled cybersecurity experts and the variety of job opportunities available across different industries.', 'duration': 469.002, 'highlights': ['Exponential Growth of Cybersecurity Jobs The employment of information security analysts is projected to grow 33% from 2020 to 2030, with a high demand for cybersecurity experts in various industries like media, sports, and finance.', 'Lucrative Salary Packages Cybersecurity experts are offered high salaries due to the unprecedented rise in cybercrimes, the lack of skilled professionals, and the high growth potential in the field, with salaries ranging from $165,000 for Chief Information Security Officers in the US to $85,098 for network engineers.', 'Unlimited Potential for Personal Growth The cybersecurity domain constantly evolves, offering interesting challenges, new puzzles to solve, and the opportunity to constantly upskill and enhance knowledge, making it a job that never gets boring and provides unlimited potential for personal growth.']}, {'end': 1728.057, 'start': 1352.413, 'title': 'Cybersecurity career skills', 'summary': 'Highlights the high demand for cybersecurity professionals, with nearly 3.5 million unfilled cybersecurity jobs by 2021, the growing number of internet users, and the top 5 essential skills for entering the field, including networking, system administration, operating systems, kali linux, and network security control.', 'duration': 375.644, 'highlights': ['There would be nearly 3.5 million unfilled cybersecurity jobs by 2021, and the number of internet users will hit 6 billion by 2022, highlighting the high demand for cybersecurity professionals globally. The increasing demand for cybersecurity professionals is quantified with the projection of nearly 3.5 million unfilled cybersecurity jobs by 2021 and a substantial rise in the number of internet users to reach 6 billion by 2022.', 'The top 5 essential skills for entering the field of cybersecurity include networking, system administration, knowledge of operating systems and virtual machines, Kali Linux, and network security control. The chapter emphasizes the importance of acquiring specific skills such as networking, system administration, operating systems, Kali Linux, and network security control to enter the field of cybersecurity.', 'Networking and system administration are highlighted as the fundamental skills required for entering the field of cybersecurity, with the recommendation to gain a strong networking foundation through certifications like Security Plus and Cisco CCNA. The necessity of acquiring a strong networking foundation through certifications like Security Plus and Cisco CCNA is emphasized, highlighting networking and system administration as fundamental skills for entering the cybersecurity field.']}], 'duration': 1333.013, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE395044.jpg', 'highlights': ["Cybersecurity professionals are hired to identify cyber threats and secure a company's network.", 'The role of an ethical hacker involves identifying network vulnerabilities and resolving them to protect against cyber attacks.', 'Organizations face a plethora of cyber attacks and challenges in ensuring complete security.', 'The employment of information security analysts is projected to grow 33% from 2020 to 2030, with a high demand for cybersecurity experts in various industries like media, sports, and finance.', 'Cybersecurity experts are offered high salaries due to the unprecedented rise in cybercrimes, the lack of skilled professionals, and the high growth potential in the field, with salaries ranging from $165,000 for Chief Information Security Officers in the US to $85,098 for network engineers.', 'The domain of cybersecurity does not involve mathematics, making it a great choice for individuals who find mathematics challenging and prefer to focus on networking, network security control, and coding.', 'The increasing demand for cybersecurity professionals is quantified with the projection of nearly 3.5 million unfilled cybersecurity jobs by 2021 and a substantial rise in the number of internet users to reach 6 billion by 2022.', 'Relevant certifications like CompTIA, Security+, CEH, CISM, and CISSP can help individuals prepare for the best jobs in the cybersecurity industry, offering plenty of job opportunities.', 'The necessity of acquiring a strong networking foundation through certifications like Security Plus and Cisco CCNA is emphasized, highlighting networking and system administration as fundamental skills for entering the cybersecurity field.']}, {'end': 3232.156, 'segs': [{'end': 1926.599, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1885.443, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 1893.229, 'text': 'Companies are on the lookout for professionals with security skills applicable to public and hybrid cloud platforms such as Amazon Web Services and Azure.', 'start': 1885.443, 'duration': 7.786}, {'end': 1898.193, 'text': 'More organizations look to cloud infrastructure to store data and run applications.', 'start': 1893.849, 'duration': 4.344}, {'end': 1904.618, 'text': 'This includes the implementation of policies and technologies that protect cloud-based systems and devices.', 'start': 1899.414, 'duration': 5.204}, {'end': 1912.008, 'text': 'Just like application development security, cloud security also involves building secure systems from the start.', 'start': 1906.124, 'duration': 5.884}, {'end': 1918.673, 'text': 'Companies want professionals who can manage the cloud security tools to identify and prevent any cloud breaches.', 'start': 1913.089, 'duration': 5.584}, {'end': 1926.599, 'text': 'People with experience and knowledge in managing big platforms such as Microsoft, Azure, AWS, and the GCP are in high demand.', 'start': 1919.614, 'duration': 6.985}], 'summary': 'Companies seek professionals with cloud security skills for aws, azure, and gcp, as cloud infrastructure usage grows.', 'duration': 41.156, 'max_score': 1885.443, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE1885443.jpg'}, {'end': 2531.876, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2495.896, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 2497.597, 'text': 'Hence, you should be good at it.', 'start': 2495.896, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 2502.8, 'text': "Ethical hackers should be well aware of security laws so that they don't misuse their skills.", 'start': 2498.297, 'duration': 4.503}, {'end': 2510.525, 'text': 'Finally, you must have a Global Certification on Ethical Hacking to successfully bag a position of an ethical hacker like John.', 'start': 2503.641, 'duration': 6.884}, {'end': 2518.089, 'text': 'Few examples of Ethical Hacking Certification are Certified Ethical Hacker Certification, CompTIA,', 'start': 2511.265, 'duration': 6.824}, {'end': 2523.511, 'text': 'PenTest Plus and Licensed Penetration Tester Certification, to name a few.', 'start': 2518.089, 'duration': 5.422}, {'end': 2531.876, 'text': "SimplyLearn provides a Cybersecurity Expert Master's program that will equip you with all the skills required by a cybersecurity expert.", 'start': 2524.292, 'duration': 7.584}], 'summary': "Ethical hackers need security knowledge, global certification, and specific skills like those offered in simplylearn's cybersecurity expert master's program.", 'duration': 35.98, 'max_score': 2495.896, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE2495896.jpg'}, {'end': 2770.772, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2730.428, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2737.332, 'text': 'Nmap, which stands for Network Mapper, is a free and open source utility for network discovery and security auditing.', 'start': 2730.428, 'duration': 6.904}, {'end': 2743.776, 'text': 'Many systems and network administrators also find it useful for tasks such as network inventory,', 'start': 2738.113, 'duration': 5.663}, {'end': 2747.179, 'text': 'managing service upgrade schedules and monitoring host or service uptime.', 'start': 2743.776, 'duration': 3.403}, {'end': 2751.537, 'text': 'It is most beneficial in the early stages of ethical hacking,', 'start': 2748.191, 'duration': 3.346}, {'end': 2756.946, 'text': 'where a hacker must figure the possible entry point to a system before running the necessary exploits,', 'start': 2751.537, 'duration': 5.409}, {'end': 2761.554, 'text': 'thus allowing the hackers to leverage any insecure openings and thus breach the device.', 'start': 2756.946, 'duration': 4.608}, {'end': 2770.772, 'text': 'Nmap uses raw IP packets in novel ways to determine what hosts are available on the network, what service they are running,', 'start': 2763.109, 'duration': 7.663}], 'summary': 'Nmap is a free utility for network discovery and security auditing, beneficial for ethical hacking and leveraging insecure openings.', 'duration': 40.344, 'max_score': 2730.428, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE2730428.jpg'}, {'end': 2816.43, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1995.049, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2000.992, 'text': 'In security incident management, you are required to identify, manage, record, and analyze security threats in real-time.', 'start': 1995.049, 'duration': 5.943}, {'end': 2008.073, 'text': 'A security incident can be an active threat or a successful compromise of data or an attempted intrusion.', 'start': 2002.389, 'duration': 5.684}, {'end': 2013.598, 'text': 'It can also be incidents like DDoS attacks, phishing, APTs, ransomware and many more.', 'start': 2008.854, 'duration': 4.744}, {'end': 2017.841, 'text': 'Another important pointer is that as a security practitioner,', 'start': 2014.478, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 2024.626, 'text': 'you must also manage and analyze the security information and event management tools and services.', 'start': 2017.841, 'duration': 6.785}, {'end': 2028.049, 'text': 'Moving on, we have Security Audit.', 'start': 2026.327, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 2034.807, 'text': "Security auditing is an internal check that is carried out to find flaws in the organization's information system.", 'start': 2028.945, 'duration': 5.862}, {'end': 2039.888, 'text': "You must be able to conduct a review of the organization's adherence to regulatory guidelines.", 'start': 2035.407, 'duration': 4.481}, {'end': 2047.491, 'text': 'Security audit and compliance knowledge are very crucial as any mistake of regulatory compliance could lead to hefty penalties.', 'start': 2040.609, 'duration': 6.882}, {'end': 2053.476, 'text': 'Soon, organizations will need people who are more familiar with the various data privacy regulations.', 'start': 2048.51, 'duration': 4.966}, {'end': 2056.94, 'text': 'If you are good at paperwork, you can capitalize on this skill.', 'start': 2053.976, 'duration': 2.964}, {'end': 2063.969, 'text': 'Companies will need people who can understand what paperwork to file and which security protocols to use to comply with the regulations.', 'start': 2057.42, 'duration': 6.549}, {'end': 2069.138, 'text': 'Finally, we have laws and regulations and often overlooked cyber security aspect.', 'start': 2064.915, 'duration': 4.223}, {'end': 2076.324, 'text': "There are several cyber security laws and regulations, and if you break these laws intentionally or not, it doesn't matter,", 'start': 2069.799, 'duration': 6.525}, {'end': 2077.565, 'text': 'as you will still be charged.', 'start': 2076.324, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 2085.17, 'text': 'These laws define how you can use the internet and it also defines how people can be protected from becoming the victims of cyber crimes.', 'start': 2078.205, 'duration': 6.965}, {'end': 2091.277, 'text': 'Knowing these laws and regulations and following the best practice will make you ethical at your job,', 'start': 2085.931, 'duration': 5.346}, {'end': 2093.98, 'text': 'and this will in turn be good for your organization.', 'start': 2091.277, 'duration': 2.703}, {'end': 2096.482, 'text': 'So those were our list of additional skills.', 'start': 2094.38, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 2103.07, 'text': 'Apart from these, make sure you stay updated with new hacks and learn new tools as cybersecurity is ever evolving.', 'start': 2097.043, 'duration': 6.027}, {'end': 2107.874, 'text': 'Another important skill apart from these technical skills is your soft skills.', 'start': 2104.232, 'duration': 3.642}, {'end': 2112.016, 'text': 'Having a set of good soft skills will help you bag your dream job.', 'start': 2108.634, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 2116.338, 'text': 'We have a video on the top 5 soft skills that will help you grow in your career.', 'start': 2112.656, 'duration': 3.682}, {'end': 2119.12, 'text': 'Do watch that and incorporate those skills as well.', 'start': 2116.779, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 2123.057, 'text': "We humans are highly tech-savvy in today's times.", 'start': 2119.915, 'duration': 3.142}, {'end': 2131.142, 'text': 'With the extensive use of the internet and modern technologies, there is a massive challenge in protecting all our digital data,', 'start': 2123.857, 'duration': 7.285}, {'end': 2136.165, 'text': 'such as net banking information, account credentials and medical reports, to name a few.', 'start': 2131.142, 'duration': 5.023}, {'end': 2145.211, 'text': 'Have you heard about the deadly WannaCry ransomware attack? The attack happened in May 2017 in Asia, and then it spread across the world.', 'start': 2136.665, 'duration': 8.546}, {'end': 2151.976, 'text': 'Within a day, more than 230,000 computers were infected across 150 countries.', 'start': 2145.931, 'duration': 6.045}, {'end': 2157.041, 'text': 'The WannaCry crypto worm encrypted the data and locked the users out of their systems.', 'start': 2152.717, 'duration': 4.324}, {'end': 2161.765, 'text': 'For decryption of the data, the users were asked for a ransom of $300 to $600 in Bitcoin.', 'start': 2157.781, 'duration': 3.984}, {'end': 2173.674, 'text': "The users who used the unsupported version of Microsoft Windows and those who hadn't installed the security update of April 2017 were targeted in this attack.", 'start': 2164.187, 'duration': 9.487}, {'end': 2177.056, 'text': 'The WannaCry attack took a toll on every sector.', 'start': 2174.374, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 2185.302, 'text': 'Top-tier organizations like Hitachi, Nissan, and FedEx had to put their businesses on hold as their systems were affected too.', 'start': 2177.416, 'duration': 7.886}, {'end': 2188.744, 'text': 'Now, this is what you call a cyber attack.', 'start': 2186.022, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 2192.187, 'text': 'To prevent such attacks, cybersecurity is implemented.', 'start': 2189.385, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 2201.352, 'text': 'We can define cybersecurity as the practice of protecting networks, programs, computer systems and their components from unauthorized digital attacks.', 'start': 2192.907, 'duration': 8.445}, {'end': 2204.614, 'text': 'These illegal attacks are often referred to as hacking.', 'start': 2201.952, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 2211.178, 'text': 'Hacking refers to exploiting weaknesses in a computer network to obtain unauthorized access to information.', 'start': 2205.394, 'duration': 5.784}, {'end': 2215.16, 'text': 'A hacker is a person who tries to hack into computer systems.', 'start': 2211.758, 'duration': 3.402}, {'end': 2218.862, 'text': 'This is a misconception that hacking is always wrong.', 'start': 2215.82, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 2221.544, 'text': 'There are hackers who work with different motives.', 'start': 2219.242, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 2224.465, 'text': "Let's have a look at three different types of hackers.", 'start': 2222.344, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 2230.008, 'text': 'Black hat hackers are individuals who illegally hack into a system for a monetary gain.', 'start': 2225.165, 'duration': 4.843}, {'end': 2231.349, 'text': 'On the contrary,', 'start': 2230.388, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 2239.112, 'text': 'we have white hat hackers who exploit the vulnerabilities in a system by hacking into it with permission in order to defend the organization.', 'start': 2231.349, 'duration': 7.763}, {'end': 2242.634, 'text': 'This form of hacking is absolutely legal and ethical.', 'start': 2239.553, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 2245.896, 'text': 'Hence, they are also often referred to as ethical hackers.', 'start': 2243.014, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 2249.959, 'text': 'In addition to these hackers, we also have the gray hat hackers.', 'start': 2246.636, 'duration': 3.323}, {'end': 2254.583, 'text': 'As the name suggests, the color gray is a blend of both white and black.', 'start': 2250.56, 'duration': 4.023}, {'end': 2261.529, 'text': "These hackers discover vulnerabilities in a system and report it to the system's owner, which is a good act.", 'start': 2255.244, 'duration': 6.285}, {'end': 2265.032, 'text': "But they do this without seeking the owner's approval.", 'start': 2262.29, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 2270.977, 'text': 'Sometimes, gray hat hackers also ask for money in return for the spotted vulnerabilities.', 'start': 2265.833, 'duration': 5.144}, {'end': 2274.319, 'text': 'Now that you have seen the different types of hackers,', 'start': 2271.938, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 2280.66, 'text': "let's understand more about the hacking that is legal and valid ethical hacking through an interesting story.", 'start': 2274.319, 'duration': 6.341}, {'end': 2282.58, 'text': 'Dan runs a trading company.', 'start': 2281.12, 'duration': 1.46}, {'end': 2285.881, 'text': 'He does online trading with the money his customers invest.', 'start': 2283.08, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 2292.542, 'text': "Everything was going well and Dan's business was booming until a hacker decided to hack the company's servers.", 'start': 2286.301, 'duration': 6.241}, {'end': 2295.923, 'text': 'The hacker stole the credentials of various trading accounts.', 'start': 2293.242, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 2300.047, 'text': 'He asked for a lump sum ransom in exchange for the stolen credentials.', 'start': 2296.423, 'duration': 3.624}, {'end': 2304.212, 'text': "Dan took the hacker's words lightly and didn't pay the hacker.", 'start': 2300.588, 'duration': 3.624}, {'end': 2311.199, 'text': "As a result, the hacker withdrew money from various customers' accounts, and Dan was liable to pay back the customers.", 'start': 2304.932, 'duration': 6.267}, {'end': 2315.442, 'text': 'Dan lost a lot of money and also the trust of his customers.', 'start': 2312.02, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 2322.125, 'text': 'After this incident, Dan gave a lot of thought as to what could have gone wrong with the security infrastructure in his company.', 'start': 2316.262, 'duration': 5.863}, {'end': 2330.789, 'text': 'He wished there was someone from his company who could have run a test attack to see how vulnerable his systems were before the hacker penetrated into the network.', 'start': 2322.785, 'duration': 8.004}, {'end': 2339.934, 'text': 'This was when he realized he needed an employee who thinks like a hacker and identifies the vulnerabilities in his network before an outsider does.', 'start': 2331.53, 'duration': 8.404}, {'end': 2344.055, 'text': 'To do this job, he hired an ethical hacker, John.', 'start': 2340.774, 'duration': 3.281}, {'end': 2348.637, 'text': 'John was a skilled professional who worked precisely like a hacker.', 'start': 2344.835, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 2354.459, 'text': "In no time, he spotted several vulnerabilities in Dan's organization and closed all the loopholes.", 'start': 2349.277, 'duration': 5.182}, {'end': 2360.061, 'text': 'Hiring an ethical hacker helped Dan protect his customers from further attacks in the future.', 'start': 2355.159, 'duration': 4.902}, {'end': 2365.643, 'text': "This, in turn, increased the company's productivity and guarded the company's reputation.", 'start': 2360.761, 'duration': 4.882}, {'end': 2369.599, 'text': 'So, now you know hacking is not always bad.', 'start': 2366.778, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 2377.022, 'text': 'John, in this scenario, exposed the vulnerabilities in the existing network, and such hacking is known as ethical hacking.', 'start': 2370.219, 'duration': 6.803}, {'end': 2380.504, 'text': 'Ethical hacking is distributed into six different phases.', 'start': 2377.642, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 2386.346, 'text': 'Let us look at these phases step by step with respect to how John, our ethical hacker, will act.', 'start': 2381.204, 'duration': 5.142}, {'end': 2388.467, 'text': 'Before launching an attack,', 'start': 2386.866, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 2395.112, 'text': "the first step John takes is to gather all the necessary information about the organization's system that he intends to attack.", 'start': 2388.467, 'duration': 6.645}, {'end': 2397.174, 'text': 'This step is called reconnaissance.', 'start': 2395.432, 'duration': 1.742}, {'end': 2400.896, 'text': 'He uses tools like Nmap and HPing for this purpose.', 'start': 2397.794, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 2408.762, 'text': "John then tries to spot the vulnerabilities, if any, in the target's system using tools like Nmap and Nexpose.", 'start': 2401.697, 'duration': 7.065}, {'end': 2411.004, 'text': 'This is the scanning phase.', 'start': 2409.562, 'duration': 1.442}, {'end': 2415.878, 'text': 'Now that he has located the vulnerabilities, he then tries to exploit them.', 'start': 2412.074, 'duration': 3.804}, {'end': 2418.981, 'text': 'This step is known as gaining access.', 'start': 2416.618, 'duration': 2.363}, {'end': 2422.844, 'text': "After John makes his way through the organization's networks,", 'start': 2419.781, 'duration': 3.063}, {'end': 2428.169, 'text': 'he tries to maintain his access for future attacks by installing backdoors in the target system.', 'start': 2422.844, 'duration': 5.325}, {'end': 2431.292, 'text': 'The Metasploit tool helps him with this.', 'start': 2428.91, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 2434.475, 'text': 'This phase is called maintaining access.', 'start': 2431.953, 'duration': 2.522}, {'end': 2436.945, 'text': 'John is a brilliant hacker.', 'start': 2435.464, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 2441.009, 'text': 'Hence, he tries his best not to leave any evidence of his attack.', 'start': 2437.486, 'duration': 3.523}, {'end': 2444.452, 'text': 'This is the fifth phase, clearing tracks.', 'start': 2441.749, 'duration': 2.703}, {'end': 2447.714, 'text': 'We now have the last phase that is reporting.', 'start': 2445.232, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 2457.442, 'text': 'In this phase, John documents a summary of his entire attack, the vulnerabilities he spotted, the tools he used, and the success rate of the attack.', 'start': 2448.395, 'duration': 9.047}, {'end': 2465.669, 'text': 'Looking into the report, Dan is now able to take a call and see how to protect his organization from any external cyber attacks.', 'start': 2458.183, 'duration': 7.486}, {'end': 2469.291, 'text': "Don't you all think John is an asset to any organization?", 'start': 2466.349, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 2474.816, 'text': 'If you want to become an ethical hacker like John, then there are a few skills that you need to acquire.', 'start': 2469.852, 'duration': 4.964}, {'end': 2483.743, 'text': 'First and foremost, you need to have a good knowledge of operating environments such as Windows, Linux, Unix, and Macintosh.', 'start': 2475.576, 'duration': 8.167}, {'end': 2492.553, 'text': 'You must have reasonably good knowledge of programming languages such as HTML, PHP, Python, SQL, and JavaScript.', 'start': 2484.588, 'duration': 7.965}, {'end': 2495.475, 'text': 'Networking is the base of ethical hacking.', 'start': 2493.274, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 2497.597, 'text': 'Hence, you should be good at it.', 'start': 2495.896, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 2502.8, 'text': "Ethical hackers should be well aware of security laws so that they don't misuse their skills.", 'start': 2498.297, 'duration': 4.503}, {'end': 2510.525, 'text': 'Finally, you must have a Global Certification on Ethical Hacking to successfully bag a position of an ethical hacker like John.', 'start': 2503.641, 'duration': 6.884}, {'end': 2518.089, 'text': 'Few examples of Ethical Hacking Certification are Certified Ethical Hacker Certification, CompTIA,', 'start': 2511.265, 'duration': 6.824}, {'end': 2523.511, 'text': 'PenTest Plus and Licensed Penetration Tester Certification, to name a few.', 'start': 2518.089, 'duration': 5.422}, {'end': 2531.876, 'text': "SimplyLearn provides a Cybersecurity Expert Master's program that will equip you with all the skills required by a cybersecurity expert.", 'start': 2524.292, 'duration': 7.584}, {'end': 2539.791, 'text': 'When it comes to web app hacking, it generally refers to the exploitation of applications via HTTP,', 'start': 2533.766, 'duration': 6.025}, {'end': 2544.175, 'text': 'which can be done by manipulating the applications via its graphical user interface.', 'start': 2539.791, 'duration': 4.384}, {'end': 2552.362, 'text': 'This is done by tampering with the Uniform Resource Identifier, also known as a URI, or tampering with the HTTP elements directly,', 'start': 2544.776, 'duration': 7.586}, {'end': 2553.844, 'text': 'which are not a part of the URI.', 'start': 2552.362, 'duration': 1.482}, {'end': 2561.768, 'text': 'the hacker can send a link via an email or a chat and metric the users of a web application into executing actions.', 'start': 2554.884, 'duration': 6.884}, {'end': 2567.471, 'text': 'In case the attack is on an administrator account, the entire web application can be compromised.', 'start': 2562.408, 'duration': 5.063}, {'end': 2576.34, 'text': 'Anyone who uses a computer connected to the internet is susceptible to the threats that computer hackers and online predators pose.', 'start': 2569.474, 'duration': 6.866}, {'end': 2580.004, 'text': 'These online villains typically use phishing scams,', 'start': 2577.041, 'duration': 2.963}, {'end': 2587.57, 'text': "spam email or instant messages and bogus websites to deliver dangerous malware to your computer and compromise your computer's security.", 'start': 2580.004, 'duration': 7.566}, {'end': 2594.972, 'text': 'Computer hackers can also try to access your computer and private information directly if you are not protected by a firewall.', 'start': 2588.41, 'duration': 6.562}, {'end': 2599.653, 'text': 'They can monitor your conversations or peruse the backend of your personal website.', 'start': 2595.492, 'duration': 4.161}, {'end': 2607.195, 'text': 'Usually disguised with a bogus identity, predators can lure you into revealing sensitive personal and financial information.', 'start': 2600.393, 'duration': 6.802}, {'end': 2611.645, 'text': 'A web server, which can be referred to as the hardware,', 'start': 2608.843, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 2616.728, 'text': 'the computer or the software which helps to deliver content that can be accessed through the internet.', 'start': 2611.645, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 2625.273, 'text': 'The primary function of a web server is to deliver these web pages on the request to clients using the hypertext transfer protocol or HTTP.', 'start': 2617.448, 'duration': 7.825}, {'end': 2630.341, 'text': 'So hackers attack the web server to steal credential information,', 'start': 2626.519, 'duration': 3.822}, {'end': 2637.606, 'text': 'passwords and business information by using different types of attacks like DDoS attacks, SYN flooding, ping flood,', 'start': 2630.341, 'duration': 7.265}, {'end': 2639.807, 'text': 'port scan and social engineering attacks.', 'start': 2637.606, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 2642.349, 'text': 'In the area of web security.', 'start': 2640.588, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 2648.753, 'text': 'despite strong encryption on the browser server channel, web users still have no assurance about what happens at the other end.', 'start': 2642.349, 'duration': 6.404}, {'end': 2654.81, 'text': 'Although wireless networks offer great flexibility, they have their own security problems.', 'start': 2650.427, 'duration': 4.383}, {'end': 2660.454, 'text': 'A hacker can sniff the network packets without having to be in the same building where the network is located.', 'start': 2655.471, 'duration': 4.983}, {'end': 2667.239, 'text': 'As wireless networks communicate through radio waves, a hacker can easily sniff the network from a nearby location.', 'start': 2661.234, 'duration': 6.005}, {'end': 2673.023, 'text': 'Most attackers use network sniffing to find the SSID and hack a wireless network.', 'start': 2668.119, 'duration': 4.904}, {'end': 2680.326, 'text': 'An attacker can attack a network from a distance and therefore it is sometimes difficult to collect evidence against the main hacker.', 'start': 2673.783, 'duration': 6.543}, {'end': 2692.452, 'text': 'Social engineering is the art of manipulating users of a computing system into revealing confidential information which can be later used to gain unauthorized access to a computer system.', 'start': 2682.247, 'duration': 10.205}, {'end': 2697.536, 'text': 'The term can also include activities such as exploiting human kindness,', 'start': 2693.274, 'duration': 4.262}, {'end': 2704.86, 'text': 'greed and curiosity to gain access to restricted access buildings or getting the users to installing backdoor software.', 'start': 2697.536, 'duration': 7.324}, {'end': 2713.404, 'text': 'Knowing the tricks used by hackers to trick users into releasing vital login information is fundamental in protecting computer systems.', 'start': 2705.54, 'duration': 7.864}, {'end': 2725.765, 'text': 'Coming to our main focus for today, let us have a look at the top five most essential ethical hacking tools to be used in 2021.', 'start': 2714.744, 'duration': 11.021}, {'end': 2727.586, 'text': 'At the top of the chain lies Nmap.', 'start': 2725.765, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 2737.332, 'text': 'Nmap, which stands for Network Mapper, is a free and open source utility for network discovery and security auditing.', 'start': 2730.428, 'duration': 6.904}, {'end': 2743.776, 'text': 'Many systems and network administrators also find it useful for tasks such as network inventory,', 'start': 2738.113, 'duration': 5.663}, {'end': 2747.179, 'text': 'managing service upgrade schedules and monitoring host or service uptime.', 'start': 2743.776, 'duration': 3.403}, {'end': 2751.537, 'text': 'It is most beneficial in the early stages of ethical hacking,', 'start': 2748.191, 'duration': 3.346}, {'end': 2756.946, 'text': 'where a hacker must figure the possible entry point to a system before running the necessary exploits,', 'start': 2751.537, 'duration': 5.409}, {'end': 2761.554, 'text': 'thus allowing the hackers to leverage any insecure openings and thus breach the device.', 'start': 2756.946, 'duration': 4.608}, {'end': 2770.772, 'text': 'Nmap uses raw IP packets in novel ways to determine what hosts are available on the network, what service they are running,', 'start': 2763.109, 'duration': 7.663}, {'end': 2777.115, 'text': 'what operating systems are installed, what type of packet filters and firewalls are in use, and dozens of other characteristics.', 'start': 2770.772, 'duration': 6.343}, {'end': 2782.237, 'text': 'It was designed to rapidly scan large networks, but works fine against single hosts as well.', 'start': 2777.715, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 2788.087, 'text': 'Since every application that connects to a network needs to do so via a port.', 'start': 2783.564, 'duration': 4.523}, {'end': 2794.811, 'text': 'the wrong port or a server configuration can open a can of worms, which lead to a thorough breach of the system and, ultimately,', 'start': 2788.087, 'duration': 6.724}, {'end': 2795.771, 'text': 'a fully hacked device.', 'start': 2794.811, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 2800.014, 'text': 'Next on our list we have Metasploit.', 'start': 2798.553, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 2806.817, 'text': 'The Metasploit framework is a very powerful tool that can be used by cyber criminals, as well as ethical hackers,', 'start': 2801.194, 'duration': 5.623}, {'end': 2810.68, 'text': 'to probe systematic vulnerabilities on both networks and servers.', 'start': 2806.817, 'duration': 3.863}, {'end': 2816.43, 'text': "Because it's an open source framework, it can be easily customized and used with most operating systems.", 'start': 2811.547, 'duration': 4.883}], 'summary': 'Key points: security incident management, security audit, cybersecurity laws, ethical hacking skills, and essential ethical hacking tools.', 'duration': 821.381, 'max_score': 1995.049, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE1995049.jpg'}, {'end': 2969.413, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2942.668, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2950.81, 'text': 'Iconetics is a dynamic application security testing package which has definite perks over status application security testing frameworks,', 'start': 2942.668, 'duration': 8.142}, {'end': 2952.95, 'text': 'which are also known as SAST scanners.', 'start': 2950.81, 'duration': 2.14}, {'end': 2961.251, 'text': 'SAST tools only work during development and only for specific languages, and have a history of reporting lot of false positives,', 'start': 2953.95, 'duration': 7.301}, {'end': 2969.413, 'text': 'whereas dynamic testing tools, also known as DAST, have the ability to streamline testing from development to deployment with minimal issues.', 'start': 2961.251, 'duration': 8.162}], 'summary': 'Iconetics offers dynamic application security testing with advantages over sast, reducing false positives and streamlining testing from development to deployment.', 'duration': 26.745, 'max_score': 2942.668, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE2942668.jpg'}, {'end': 3055.888, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3030.526, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3037.891, 'text': 'John the Ripper is an open source password security auditing and the password recovery tool which is available for many operating systems.', 'start': 3030.526, 'duration': 7.365}, {'end': 3040.016, 'text': 'John the Ripper.', 'start': 3039.215, 'duration': 0.801}, {'end': 3047.782, 'text': 'Jumbo supports hundreds of hash and cipher types, including for user passwords of operating systems, web apps, database servers,', 'start': 3040.016, 'duration': 7.766}, {'end': 3049.503, 'text': 'encrypted keys and document files.', 'start': 3047.782, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 3055.888, 'text': 'Some of the key features of the tool include offering multiple modes to speed up the password cracking,', 'start': 3050.384, 'duration': 5.504}], 'summary': 'John the ripper is an open source password security tool with support for hundreds of hash and cipher types.', 'duration': 25.362, 'max_score': 3030.526, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE3030526.jpg'}, {'end': 3195.764, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3171.124, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 3178.53, 'text': "Being able to identify defects from an attacker's perspective is game-changing, since it displays all the potential avenues of a possible hack.", 'start': 3171.124, 'duration': 7.406}, {'end': 3183.234, 'text': 'One can only prepare for the known vulnerabilities as a defensive specialist,', 'start': 3179.271, 'duration': 3.963}, {'end': 3190.019, 'text': 'but proactively trying to breach a network or device can make hackers think of techniques that no defense contractors can account for.', 'start': 3183.234, 'duration': 6.785}, {'end': 3195.764, 'text': 'This kind of unpredictability goes a long way in securing a network against malicious actors.', 'start': 3190.86, 'duration': 4.904}], 'summary': "Identifying defects from attacker's perspective enhances security by preparing for unknown vulnerabilities and unpredictability.", 'duration': 24.64, 'max_score': 3171.124, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE3171124.jpg'}], 'start': 1729.018, 'title': 'Importance of coding, top cybersecurity skills, ethical hacking & tools', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the significance of coding in cybersecurity and highlights top 5 cybersecurity skills, additional skills, ethical hacking, and essential tools for 2021, underlining the demand for programming languages and key cybersecurity skills such as risk analysis, information security, and ethical hacking tools like nmap and metasploit.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1867.928, 'start': 1729.018, 'title': 'Importance of coding in cybersecurity', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of coding in cybersecurity, highlighting the significance of knowing programming languages such as c, c++, python, javascript, php, html, golang, sql, and assembly to enhance cybersecurity skills and defend against cyber threats.', 'duration': 138.91, 'highlights': ['C and C++ are essential low-level programming languages for cybersecurity professionals, forming the backbone of most operating systems.', 'Python and JavaScript are high-level programming languages crucial for identifying vulnerabilities, defending against attacks, and adding interactivity to web pages.', 'Knowledge of PHP, HTML, and Golang is important for defending against intruders, understanding web development, and cryptography in cybersecurity.', 'Understanding SQL is crucial for preventing attackers from damaging stored data, as seen in SQL injection attacks, while knowledge of assembly language helps in understanding malware and defending against it.', 'It is advised to be acquainted with multiple programming languages in cybersecurity, as it enhances career opportunities and problem-solving abilities.']}, {'end': 2119.12, 'start': 1868.888, 'title': 'Top cybersecurity skills & additional skills', 'summary': 'Highlights the top 5 cybersecurity skills, including programming language, cloud security, risk analysis, information security, security incident handling, and response, as well as additional skills like security audit, compliance knowledge, data privacy regulations, and laws and regulations, emphasizing their growing demand and importance for cybersecurity professionals.', 'duration': 250.232, 'highlights': ['Companies are on the lookout for professionals with security skills applicable to public and hybrid cloud platforms such as Amazon Web Services and Azure. The growing demand for security skills applicable to public and hybrid cloud platforms, such as Amazon Web Services and Azure, is highlighted, indicating the specific skills in demand and the platforms sought after.', 'The implementation of policies and technologies that protect cloud-based systems and devices is crucial, as more organizations look to cloud infrastructure to store data and run applications. The importance of implementing policies and technologies to protect cloud-based systems and devices is emphasized due to the increasing use of cloud infrastructure by organizations, indicating the need for professionals with expertise in this area.', 'Security incident management requires the identification, management, recording, and analysis of security threats in real-time, such as DDoS attacks, phishing, APTs, ransomware, etc., emphasizing the diverse range of threats and the need for proactive protection. The comprehensive nature of security incident management, including the identification, management, and analysis of various security threats, is highlighted, emphasizing the need for proactive protection against a diverse range of threats, including DDoS attacks, phishing, APTs, ransomware, and more.', 'Security audit and compliance knowledge are crucial, as any mistake of regulatory compliance could lead to hefty penalties, highlighting the significance of security audit and compliance knowledge and the potential consequences of non-compliance. The crucial nature of security audit and compliance knowledge is emphasized, along with the potential consequences of non-compliance, indicating the importance of understanding and adhering to regulatory guidelines to avoid penalties.', 'Knowing cyber security laws and regulations and following best practices will make you ethical at your job, emphasizing the importance of understanding and adhering to cyber security laws and regulations for ethical conduct and organizational benefit. The importance of knowing and adhering to cyber security laws and regulations for ethical conduct and organizational benefit is highlighted, emphasizing the significance of following best practices and legal guidelines in the cybersecurity field.']}, {'end': 2704.86, 'start': 2119.915, 'title': 'Cybersecurity and ethical hacking', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of cybersecurity, the impact of cyber attacks like wannacry ransomware, the role of ethical hacking, and essential skills required to become an ethical hacker.', 'duration': 584.945, 'highlights': ['The WannaCry ransomware attack infected over 230,000 computers across 150 countries, demanding a ransom of $300 to $600 in Bitcoin and affecting top-tier organizations like Hitachi, Nissan, and FedEx. The impact of the WannaCry attack demonstrates the widespread reach and financial implications of cyber attacks, affecting both individuals and major corporations.', "Ethical hacking, exemplified by John, helps identify and address vulnerabilities in an organization's network, ultimately protecting customers and enhancing the company's reputation and productivity. The case of John showcases the positive impact of ethical hacking in strengthening cybersecurity measures and safeguarding against potential cyber threats.", 'The essential skills required to become an ethical hacker include knowledge of operating environments, programming languages, networking, security laws, and acquiring a Global Certification on Ethical Hacking. The outlined skills provide a comprehensive understanding of the technical and legal aspects necessary for pursuing a career in ethical hacking.']}, {'end': 3232.156, 'start': 2705.54, 'title': 'Top 5 ethical hacking tools 2021', 'summary': 'Discusses the top 5 most essential ethical hacking tools for 2021, including nmap, metasploit, acunetix, airgeddon, and john the ripper, emphasizing their capabilities in network discovery, vulnerability probing, web security scanning, wi-fi hacking, and password cracking.', 'duration': 526.616, 'highlights': ['Nmap Nmap is a top ethical hacking tool for 2021, used for network discovery and security auditing, with the ability to determine available hosts, running services, installed operating systems, and packet filters, making it beneficial in the early stages of ethical hacking.', 'Metasploit Metasploit is highlighted as a powerful tool for probing network and server vulnerabilities, allowing for the introduction of custom code to probe for weak spots, and providing the ability to run full-fledged scans on the target system to assess security index and necessary exploits.', "Acunetix Acunetix is an end-to-end web security scanner capable of detecting over 7,000 vulnerabilities, including SQL injections, cross-site scripting, and weak passwords, offering a 360-degree view of an organization's security with the ability to scan complex web applications running HTML5 and JavaScript.", 'Airgeddon Airgeddon is a multi-use bash script for Linux systems used to hack and audit wireless networks, supporting multiple methods for Wi-Fi hacking, denial of service attacks, and requiring an external network adapter that supports monitor mode to capture wireless traffic.', 'John the Ripper John the Ripper is an open source password security auditing tool supporting hundreds of hash and cipher types, offering multiple modes for password cracking, including dictionary attacks, and providing a customizable process for cracking correct passwords.']}], 'duration': 1503.138, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE1729018.jpg', 'highlights': ['Understanding SQL is crucial for preventing attackers from damaging stored data, as seen in SQL injection attacks, while knowledge of assembly language helps in understanding malware and defending against it.', 'Python and JavaScript are high-level programming languages crucial for identifying vulnerabilities, defending against attacks, and adding interactivity to web pages.', 'C and C++ are essential low-level programming languages for cybersecurity professionals, forming the backbone of most operating systems.', 'Companies are on the lookout for professionals with security skills applicable to public and hybrid cloud platforms such as Amazon Web Services and Azure.', 'The growing demand for security skills applicable to public and hybrid cloud platforms, such as Amazon Web Services and Azure, is highlighted, indicating the specific skills in demand and the platforms sought after.', 'The implementation of policies and technologies that protect cloud-based systems and devices is crucial, as more organizations look to cloud infrastructure to store data and run applications.', 'Security incident management requires the identification, management, recording, and analysis of security threats in real-time, such as DDoS attacks, phishing, APTs, ransomware, etc., emphasizing the diverse range of threats and the need for proactive protection.', 'The comprehensive nature of security incident management, including the identification, management, and analysis of various security threats, is highlighted, emphasizing the need for proactive protection against a diverse range of threats, including DDoS attacks, phishing, APTs, ransomware, and more.', 'Security audit and compliance knowledge are crucial, as any mistake of regulatory compliance could lead to hefty penalties, highlighting the significance of security audit and compliance knowledge and the potential consequences of non-compliance.', 'Knowing cyber security laws and regulations and following best practices will make you ethical at your job, emphasizing the importance of understanding and adhering to cyber security laws and regulations for ethical conduct and organizational benefit.', 'The WannaCry ransomware attack infected over 230,000 computers across 150 countries, demanding a ransom of $300 to $600 in Bitcoin and affecting top-tier organizations like Hitachi, Nissan, and FedEx.', "Ethical hacking, exemplified by John, helps identify and address vulnerabilities in an organization's network, ultimately protecting customers and enhancing the company's reputation and productivity.", 'The essential skills required to become an ethical hacker include knowledge of operating environments, programming languages, networking, security laws, and acquiring a Global Certification on Ethical Hacking.', 'Nmap is a top ethical hacking tool for 2021, used for network discovery and security auditing, with the ability to determine available hosts, running services, installed operating systems, and packet filters, making it beneficial in the early stages of ethical hacking.', 'Metasploit is highlighted as a powerful tool for probing network and server vulnerabilities, allowing for the introduction of custom code to probe for weak spots, and providing the ability to run full-fledged scans on the target system to assess security index and necessary exploits.', "Acunetix is an end-to-end web security scanner capable of detecting over 7,000 vulnerabilities, including SQL injections, cross-site scripting, and weak passwords, offering a 360-degree view of an organization's security with the ability to scan complex web applications running HTML5 and JavaScript.", 'Airgeddon is a multi-use bash script for Linux systems used to hack and audit wireless networks, supporting multiple methods for Wi-Fi hacking, denial of service attacks, and requiring an external network adapter that supports monitor mode to capture wireless traffic.', 'John the Ripper is an open source password security auditing tool supporting hundreds of hash and cipher types, offering multiple modes for password cracking, including dictionary attacks, and providing a customizable process for cracking correct passwords.']}, {'end': 4568.153, 'segs': [{'end': 3743.776, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3697.609, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3703.517, 'text': 'do watch how Jude could have protected her banking credentials using VPNs in our detailed video linked above.', 'start': 3697.609, 'duration': 5.908}, {'end': 3707.222, 'text': "Now, let's take a small quiz to check how much we have learned.", 'start': 3704.438, 'duration': 2.784}, {'end': 3712.956, 'text': 'What can a VPN connection provide that a proxy service cannot? A.', 'start': 3708.103, 'duration': 4.853}, {'end': 3715.358, 'text': 'New IP address B.', 'start': 3712.956, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 3718.3, 'text': 'Multiple layers of encryption C.', 'start': 3715.358, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 3721.461, 'text': 'Access to geo-blocked content D.', 'start': 3718.3, 'duration': 3.161}, {'end': 3723.543, 'text': 'Authentication credentials.', 'start': 3721.461, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 3728.946, 'text': 'Think about it and leave your answers below in the comment section, and three lucky winners will receive Amazon gift vouchers.', 'start': 3723.543, 'duration': 5.403}, {'end': 3738.171, 'text': 'What about the benefits of a proxy service though? Besides allowing access to blocked content, proxies can serve as an efficient firewall system.', 'start': 3729.886, 'duration': 8.285}, {'end': 3743.776, 'text': 'They can also filter content from third-party websites, allowing control over internet usage.', 'start': 3738.692, 'duration': 5.084}], 'summary': 'Learn how vpns protect banking credentials. quiz for chance to win amazon vouchers. proxies as firewall & content filter.', 'duration': 46.167, 'max_score': 3697.609, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE3697609.jpg'}, {'end': 3967.217, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3928.997, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3934.24, 'text': 'In response, consumers are increasingly opting for products that offer data privacy and cybersecurity.', 'start': 3928.997, 'duration': 5.243}, {'end': 3940.227, 'text': "Tor is one such underground network that was implemented for the purpose of protecting users' identities.", 'start': 3935.02, 'duration': 5.207}, {'end': 3949.621, 'text': 'The Tor network is one example of the many emerging technologies that attempt to fill a data privacy void in a digital space plagued by cybersecurity concerns.', 'start': 3940.868, 'duration': 8.753}, {'end': 3957.793, 'text': "The Tor network intercepts the traffic from your browser and bounces a user's request of a random number of other user IP addresses.", 'start': 3950.831, 'duration': 6.962}, {'end': 3962.255, 'text': "Then the data is passed to the user request's final destination.", 'start': 3958.674, 'duration': 3.581}, {'end': 3967.217, 'text': 'These random users are volunteer devices which are called as nodes or relays.', 'start': 3963.175, 'duration': 4.042}], 'summary': "Consumers choose products for data privacy; tor network protects users' identities and intercepts traffic.", 'duration': 38.22, 'max_score': 3928.997, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE3928997.jpg'}, {'end': 4454.17, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4430.268, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 4436.731, 'text': 'If you use Tor browser, every single request passes through the same layer of encryption and follows the same routing protocol.', 'start': 4430.268, 'duration': 6.463}, {'end': 4441.393, 'text': 'In the case of a VPN, different companies offer different levels of encryption.', 'start': 4437.391, 'duration': 4.002}, {'end': 4448.497, 'text': 'Some have multi-hop, some prefer a single one-to-one connection and these kinds of differences make the choice much more variable.', 'start': 4441.754, 'duration': 6.743}, {'end': 4454.17, 'text': 'Finally, the nodes and relays being used in the Tor network are volunteer.', 'start': 4450.029, 'duration': 4.141}], 'summary': 'Tor browser: single encryption layer, same routing. vpn: variable encryption levels. tor network nodes and relays are volunteer-based.', 'duration': 23.902, 'max_score': 4430.268, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE4430268.jpg'}], 'start': 3232.156, 'title': 'Importance of third-party security audit and comparison of security tools', 'summary': "Emphasizes the significance of third-party security audits, demonstrated through a cyber attack case study, and highlights vpn benefits. it further compares vpns and proxy servers, discussing their features, speed, security, and downtime differences, and introduces the tor network's privacy and browsing features.", 'chapters': [{'end': 3488.326, 'start': 3232.156, 'title': 'Importance of third-party security audit', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of third-party security audits in instilling trust and confidence, as demonstrated through a case study of a cyber attack at an airport, and highlights the benefits and mechanism of using a vpn for secure online transactions.', 'duration': 256.17, 'highlights': ['The technical brilliance of the organization and its engineers, thereby increasing the clientele by a substantial amount A reliable third-party security audit accentuates the technical brilliance of the organization and its engineers, leading to a substantial increase in clientele.', "Jude's account was subjected to a cyber attack and a hefty amount was wiped from her account Jude fell victim to a cyber attack at the airport, resulting in a significant loss from her bank account.", "Using a VPN creates a secure tunnel between your device and the internet, encrypting data to ensure security A VPN establishes a secure tunnel between the user's device and the internet, encrypting data to ensure its security and privacy.", 'VPN makes your data anonymous and secure when it passes through the public network VPN ensures the anonymity and security of data while passing through public networks, safeguarding it from potential cyber attacks.', 'Using a VPN is the safest option for carrying out online transactions, especially when connecting to public Wi-Fi Utilizing a VPN is the safest method for conducting online transactions, especially when connected to public Wi-Fi networks, ensuring secure and encrypted data transfer.']}, {'end': 3723.543, 'start': 3488.326, 'title': 'Proxy servers vs vpns', 'summary': 'Explains how vpns and proxy servers work, detailing their ability to access geo-blocked content, disguise location, and provide authentication credentials, with examples and comparisons, and also emphasizes the differences in speed, security, and downtime between the two.', 'duration': 235.217, 'highlights': ['Jonathan used a popular proxy service to unblock a news website, providing an open internet to all users. The example of Jonathan using a proxy service showcases its ability to unblock geo-blocked content, emphasizing its practical use.', 'Proxies tend to be comparatively unsafe, with the service owners having the exact IP address of the end user and having no guarantees regarding downtimes and reliability. This highlights the potential security risks of using proxies, providing a contrast to the perceived safety of VPNs and quantifying the level of safety with regards to IP address exposure and reliability.', 'VPNs are usually much faster, more secure thanks to multiple layers of encryption, and have little to no downtime. The comparison of VPNs and proxies in terms of speed, security, and downtime provides a quantifiable measure of their differences, emphasizing the strengths of VPNs over proxies.']}, {'end': 4101.35, 'start': 3723.543, 'title': 'Proxy services vs. tor network', 'summary': 'Discusses the benefits of proxy services, including improved browsing speeds, convenience, and easy access to blocked content, and introduces the tor network as a means of browsing the web anonymously, emphasizing its privacy and security features.', 'duration': 377.807, 'highlights': ["The Tor network intercepts the traffic from your browser and bounces a user's request of a random number of other user IP addresses. The Tor network provides anonymity by bouncing a user's request through a random number of other user IP addresses, enhancing privacy and security.", 'Proxies can serve as an efficient firewall system and filter content from third-party websites, allowing control over internet usage. Proxies offer efficient firewall functionality and content filtering, providing control over internet usage and enhancing security.', 'The element of privacy proxies provides is highly lucrative to people looking to hide their actual IP address from prying eyes. Proxies offer privacy by hiding actual IP addresses, appealing to individuals seeking anonymity and protection from surveillance.']}, {'end': 4568.153, 'start': 4102.332, 'title': 'Tor browser: anonymity and privacy', 'summary': 'Highlights the functionality of the tor network, the development of the tor browser, its features, advantages over standard web browsers, comparison with vpns, and its ability to anonymize and protect internet usage.', 'duration': 465.821, 'highlights': ["The Tor network obfuscates user IP addresses from unwanted surveillance by keeping the user's request untraceable. The Tor network ensures user privacy by making it difficult for both ISPs and attackers to track user IP addresses.", 'The Tor Browser is a browser forked from the popular Firefox that anonymizes web traffic using the Tor network. The Tor Browser, developed in 2008, anonymizes web traffic and makes it easy for users to traverse relay servers in Tor.', 'The Tor browser offers the ability to delete all browser history, cookies, and tracking data upon closure, maintaining user privacy. The Tor browser ensures privacy by deleting browsing history, cookies, and tracking data upon closure, preventing tracking of user habits.', 'The Tor browser provides access to .onion websites, exclusive to the Tor network, offering private services and products not available on the consumer internet space. Tor browser allows access to .onion websites on the Deep and Dark Web, facilitating private access to services and products not available on the consumer internet.', 'Journalists and dissidents worldwide use Tor as a cornerstone of democracy, enabling anonymous communication and publication under oppressive circumstances. Tor is embraced by journalists and dissidents for anonymous communication and publication under oppressive regimes, allowing access to blocked websites and messaging platforms.']}], 'duration': 1335.997, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE3232156.jpg', 'highlights': ['A reliable third-party security audit accentuates the technical brilliance of the organization and its engineers, leading to a substantial increase in clientele.', 'Utilizing a VPN is the safest method for conducting online transactions, especially when connected to public Wi-Fi networks, ensuring secure and encrypted data transfer.', 'The example of Jonathan using a proxy service showcases its ability to unblock geo-blocked content, emphasizing its practical use.', 'The comparison of VPNs and proxies in terms of speed, security, and downtime provides a quantifiable measure of their differences, emphasizing the strengths of VPNs over proxies.', "The Tor network provides anonymity by bouncing a user's request through a random number of other user IP addresses, enhancing privacy and security.", 'Proxies offer efficient firewall functionality and content filtering, providing control over internet usage and enhancing security.', 'The Tor network ensures user privacy by making it difficult for both ISPs and attackers to track user IP addresses.', 'The Tor Browser, developed in 2008, anonymizes web traffic and makes it easy for users to traverse relay servers in Tor.', 'The Tor browser ensures privacy by deleting browsing history, cookies, and tracking data upon closure, preventing tracking of user habits.', 'Tor browser allows access to .onion websites on the Deep and Dark Web, facilitating private access to services and products not available on the consumer internet.', 'Tor is embraced by journalists and dissidents for anonymous communication and publication under oppressive regimes, allowing access to blocked websites and messaging platforms.']}, {'end': 7056.569, 'segs': [{'end': 4902.022, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4859.725, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4863.828, 'text': 'A variant of the packet filtering firewall is the stateful inspection firewall.', 'start': 4859.725, 'duration': 4.103}, {'end': 4868.111, 'text': 'These types of firewalls not only examine each network packet,', 'start': 4864.508, 'duration': 3.603}, {'end': 4872.534, 'text': 'but also checks whether or not that network packet is part of an established network connection.', 'start': 4868.111, 'duration': 4.423}, {'end': 4877.378, 'text': 'Such firewalls are also referred to as dynamic packet filtering firewalls.', 'start': 4873.235, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 4880.708, 'text': 'Our next type of firewall is called a proxy firewall.', 'start': 4878.226, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 4885.291, 'text': 'This draws close comparison to how you give proxy attendance for a friend.', 'start': 4881.468, 'duration': 3.823}, {'end': 4892.235, 'text': 'Like how you take the authority to represent your friend, the proxy firewall pretends to be you and interacts with the internet.', 'start': 4885.811, 'duration': 6.424}, {'end': 4897.058, 'text': 'They come between you and the internet and thereby prevents direct connections.', 'start': 4892.896, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 4902.022, 'text': "This protects your device's identity and keeps the network safe from potential attacks.", 'start': 4897.839, 'duration': 4.183}], 'summary': 'Stateful inspection firewall examines network packets and checks established connections. proxy firewall acts as an intermediary, protecting device identity and preventing direct connections.', 'duration': 42.297, 'max_score': 4859.725, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE4859725.jpg'}, {'end': 4966.132, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4919.915, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4927.161, 'text': "firewalls are also used in educational institutions and offices to restrict users' access to certain websites or applications.", 'start': 4919.915, 'duration': 7.246}, {'end': 4930.384, 'text': 'It is used to avoid access to unauthorized content.', 'start': 4927.802, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 4935.965, 'text': "It's the year 2015, and Richard has just finished playing games on his computer.", 'start': 4931.104, 'duration': 4.861}, {'end': 4944.388, 'text': 'After a long gaming session, Richard tries to shut it down but finds some random text file on the desktop that says RansomNote.', 'start': 4936.786, 'duration': 7.602}, {'end': 4955.771, 'text': "The text file mentioned how a hacking group had encrypted Richard's game files and private documents and he had to pay a ransom of $500 worth of Bitcoin in the specified Bitcoin address.", 'start': 4945.108, 'duration': 10.663}, {'end': 4961.046, 'text': 'Richard quickly checked his files, only to see them being encrypted and unreadable.', 'start': 4956.641, 'duration': 4.405}, {'end': 4966.132, 'text': 'This is the story of how the Tesla Crypt ransomware spread in 2015,,', 'start': 4961.787, 'duration': 4.345}], 'summary': 'In 2015, tesla crypt ransomware encrypted files, demanding $500 in bitcoin ransom.', 'duration': 46.217, 'max_score': 4919.915, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE4919915.jpg'}, {'end': 5086.537, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5043.235, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5049.682, 'text': 'Users tend to click on unknown links received via emails and chat applications, promising rewards of some nature.', 'start': 5043.235, 'duration': 6.447}, {'end': 5056.831, 'text': 'Once clicked, the ransomware file is installed on the system that encrypts all the files or blocks access to computer functions.', 'start': 5050.504, 'duration': 6.327}, {'end': 5064.479, 'text': 'They can also be spread via malware, transmitted via untrusted application installation, or even a compromised wireless network.', 'start': 5057.491, 'duration': 6.988}, {'end': 5071.626, 'text': 'Another way to breach a system with ransomware is by using the Remote Desktop Protocol or RDP access.', 'start': 5065.4, 'duration': 6.226}, {'end': 5078.891, 'text': 'A computer can be accessed remotely using this protocol, allowing a hacker to install malicious software on the system,', 'start': 5072.387, 'duration': 6.504}, {'end': 5081.133, 'text': 'with the owner unaware of these developments.', 'start': 5078.891, 'duration': 2.242}, {'end': 5083.595, 'text': 'Coming to the different types of ransomware.', 'start': 5081.713, 'duration': 1.882}, {'end': 5086.537, 'text': 'First, we have locker ransomware,', 'start': 5084.215, 'duration': 2.322}], 'summary': 'Ransomware is often spread through unknown links, malware, untrusted apps, compromised networks, and rdp access, encrypting files or blocking access.', 'duration': 43.302, 'max_score': 5043.235, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE5043235.jpg'}, {'end': 5607.132, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 5202.301, 'weight': 0.748, 'content': [{'end': 5208.666, 'text': 'Many malicious programs like Trojan, viruses, bombs and bots which cause damage to the system are known as malware.', 'start': 5202.301, 'duration': 6.365}, {'end': 5218.213, 'text': 'Most of the malware programs are designed to steal information from the targeted user or to steal money from the target by stealing sensitive data.', 'start': 5209.146, 'duration': 9.067}, {'end': 5224.697, 'text': "Let's take a look at the introduction for two different types of malware, virus and Trojan.", 'start': 5219.734, 'duration': 4.963}, {'end': 5230.862, 'text': "Firstly, let's take a look what exactly is a virus program.", 'start': 5228.06, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 5236.898, 'text': 'A computer virus is a type of malicious program that on execution replicates itself.', 'start': 5232.256, 'duration': 4.642}, {'end': 5244.06, 'text': 'They get attached to different files and programs which are termed as host programs by inserting their code.', 'start': 5237.678, 'duration': 6.382}, {'end': 5249.902, 'text': 'If the attachment succeeds, the targeted program is termed as infected with a computer virus.', 'start': 5244.52, 'duration': 5.382}, {'end': 5252.543, 'text': "Now let's take a look at the Trojan horse.", 'start': 5250.643, 'duration': 1.9}, {'end': 5260.426, 'text': 'Trojan horse program is a program that disguises itself as a legitimate program but harms the system on installation.', 'start': 5253.684, 'duration': 6.742}, {'end': 5265.769, 'text': 'They hide within the attachments and emails, then transfer from one system to another.', 'start': 5261.328, 'duration': 4.441}, {'end': 5271.63, 'text': 'They create bad doors into our system to allow the cyber criminal to steal our information.', 'start': 5266.389, 'duration': 5.241}, {'end': 5277.311, 'text': "Let's take a look how they function after getting installed into our system.", 'start': 5273.31, 'duration': 4.001}, {'end': 5281.012, 'text': 'Firstly, we have virus programs.', 'start': 5279.231, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 5284.953, 'text': 'The computer virus must contain two parts to infect the system.', 'start': 5281.692, 'duration': 3.261}, {'end': 5287.153, 'text': 'First is a search routine.', 'start': 5285.713, 'duration': 1.44}, {'end': 5291.857, 'text': 'which locates new files and data that is to be infected by the virus program.', 'start': 5287.756, 'duration': 4.101}, {'end': 5295.878, 'text': 'And the second part is known as the copy routine,', 'start': 5292.837, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 5302.58, 'text': 'which is necessary for the program to copy itself into the targeted file which is located by the search routine.', 'start': 5295.878, 'duration': 6.702}, {'end': 5305.2, 'text': "Now let's take a look at the Trojan horse functioning.", 'start': 5303.02, 'duration': 2.18}, {'end': 5313.402, 'text': 'For Trojan horses, entryway into our system is through emails that may look legitimate, but may have unknown attachments.', 'start': 5306.4, 'duration': 7.002}, {'end': 5320.228, 'text': 'And when such files are downloaded into the device, the Trojan program gets installed and infects the system.', 'start': 5314.062, 'duration': 6.166}, {'end': 5328.15, 'text': 'They also infect the system on the execution of infected application or the executable file and attacks the system.', 'start': 5321.708, 'duration': 6.442}, {'end': 5335.452, 'text': "Now that we understand what virus and Trojans are, let's understand different types of virus and Trojans.", 'start': 5329.37, 'duration': 6.082}, {'end': 5339.793, 'text': "Let's take a look at different types of viruses.", 'start': 5337.633, 'duration': 2.16}, {'end': 5343.114, 'text': 'The first one is known as the boot sector virus.', 'start': 5340.734, 'duration': 2.38}, {'end': 5350.651, 'text': 'This type of virus damages the booting section of the system by infecting the master bot record which is also known as MBR.', 'start': 5343.674, 'duration': 6.977}, {'end': 5355.855, 'text': 'This damages the boot sector section by targeting the hard disk of the system.', 'start': 5351.472, 'duration': 4.383}, {'end': 5358.958, 'text': 'Then we have the macrovirus.', 'start': 5357.136, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 5367.104, 'text': 'Macrovirus is a type of virus that gets embedded into the document related data and is executed when the file is opened.', 'start': 5359.778, 'duration': 7.326}, {'end': 5372.648, 'text': 'They also are designed to replicate themselves and infect the system on a larger scale.', 'start': 5367.824, 'duration': 4.824}, {'end': 5376.348, 'text': 'And lastly, we have the direct action virus.', 'start': 5373.786, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 5385.156, 'text': 'This type of virus gets attached to executable files, which on execution activates the virus program and infects the system.', 'start': 5377.95, 'duration': 7.206}, {'end': 5394.384, 'text': 'Once the infection of the file is completed, they exit the system, which is also the reason it is known as a non-resident virus.', 'start': 5386.117, 'duration': 8.267}, {'end': 5397.426, 'text': "Let's take a look at different types of Trojans.", 'start': 5395.285, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 5401.59, 'text': 'The first type of Trojan is the backdoor Trojan.', 'start': 5399.148, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 5407.616, 'text': 'They are designed to create a backdoor in the system on execution of an infected program.', 'start': 5402.554, 'duration': 5.062}, {'end': 5411.737, 'text': 'They provide remote access of our system to the hacker.', 'start': 5408.516, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 5417.159, 'text': 'This way, the cyber criminal can steal our system data and may use it for illegal activities.', 'start': 5412.177, 'duration': 4.982}, {'end': 5420.2, 'text': 'Next we have, Quicksource version.', 'start': 5417.499, 'duration': 2.701}, {'end': 5425.661, 'text': 'They enter the system by clicking the random pop-ups, which we come across on the internet.', 'start': 5421.24, 'duration': 4.421}, {'end': 5431.163, 'text': 'They attempt the user to give their personal details for different transactions or schemes.', 'start': 5426.501, 'duration': 4.662}, {'end': 5436.368, 'text': 'which may provide remote access of a system to the cyber criminal.', 'start': 5432.486, 'duration': 3.882}, {'end': 5440.311, 'text': 'And the last Trojan type is Ransom Trojan.', 'start': 5437.689, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 5450.237, 'text': 'This type of Trojan program, after entering the system, blocks the user from accessing its own system and also affects the system function.', 'start': 5441.051, 'duration': 9.186}, {'end': 5458.282, 'text': 'The cyber criminal demands a ransom from the targeted user for the removal of the Trojan program from the device.', 'start': 5451.598, 'duration': 6.684}, {'end': 5463.361, 'text': "Now that we understand some details regarding viruses and Trojan, let's solve a question.", 'start': 5458.939, 'duration': 4.422}, {'end': 5471.185, 'text': "The question is, Jake was denied access to his system and he wasn't able to control the data and information in his system.", 'start': 5464.682, 'duration': 6.503}, {'end': 5479.809, 'text': "Now, the actual question is, what could be the reason behind his system's problem? Option A, Macro virus.", 'start': 5472.786, 'duration': 7.023}, {'end': 5481.67, 'text': 'Option B, Ransom Trojan.', 'start': 5480.129, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 5483.611, 'text': 'Option C, Bagdor Trojan.', 'start': 5482.01, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 5485.952, 'text': 'Give your answers in the comment section.', 'start': 5484.371, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 5492.25, 'text': "Now let's understand how to detect the activity of viruses and Trojan in a system.", 'start': 5487.588, 'duration': 4.662}, {'end': 5498.832, 'text': 'To detect virus or Trojan activity in a system, we can refer to the following points.', 'start': 5494.17, 'duration': 4.662}, {'end': 5507.895, 'text': 'For viruses, we have slowing down of the system and frequent application freeze shows that the infection of the virus is present in the system.', 'start': 5499.412, 'duration': 8.483}, {'end': 5510.056, 'text': 'Then we have.', 'start': 5509.115, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 5515.998, 'text': 'the viruses can also steal sensitive data, including passwords, account details,', 'start': 5510.056, 'duration': 5.942}, {'end': 5521.236, 'text': 'which may lead to unexpected logout from the accounts or corruption of the sensitive data.', 'start': 5515.998, 'duration': 5.238}, {'end': 5528.498, 'text': 'And lastly we have frequent system crashes due to virus infection which damages the operating system.', 'start': 5522.156, 'duration': 6.342}, {'end': 5534.74, 'text': 'For Trojan we have frequent system crashes and system also faces slow reaction time.', 'start': 5529.738, 'duration': 5.002}, {'end': 5541.542, 'text': 'Then we have there are more random pop-ups from the system which may indicate Trojan activity.', 'start': 5535.84, 'duration': 5.702}, {'end': 5551.748, 'text': 'And lastly, we have modification in the system application and change of the desktop appearance can be also due to the infection of a trojan program.', 'start': 5542.263, 'duration': 9.485}, {'end': 5559.29, 'text': "next, let's take a look at a famous cyber attack for virus and the trojan horse.", 'start': 5551.748, 'duration': 7.542}, {'end': 5565.331, 'text': 'for virus, we have the my doom virus, which was identified in the year 2004,', 'start': 5559.29, 'duration': 6.041}, {'end': 5574.628, 'text': 'which affected over 50 million systems by creating a network of sending spam emails which was to gain backdoor access into our systems.', 'start': 5565.331, 'duration': 9.297}, {'end': 5580.39, 'text': 'Next, for the Trojan horse, we have the Emotat Trojan program,', 'start': 5575.928, 'duration': 4.462}, {'end': 5585.933, 'text': 'which is specifically designed for financial theft and for stealing bank related information.', 'start': 5580.39, 'duration': 5.543}, {'end': 5592.456, 'text': 'Next we have few points for how to prevent virus entry or Trojan attack for our system.', 'start': 5587.373, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 5600.259, 'text': 'The most basic way of virus protection is to using antivirus and do regular viruses scan.', 'start': 5594.717, 'duration': 5.542}, {'end': 5607.132, 'text': 'This will prevent virus entry in the system and also having more than one antivirus provides a much better protection.', 'start': 5600.95, 'duration': 6.182}], 'summary': 'Malware, including viruses and trojans, cause system damage and data theft. various types and their effects are explained, with prevention measures and detection methods provided.', 'duration': 404.831, 'max_score': 5202.301, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE5202301.jpg'}, {'end': 5521.236, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5499.412, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 5507.895, 'text': 'For viruses, we have slowing down of the system and frequent application freeze shows that the infection of the virus is present in the system.', 'start': 5499.412, 'duration': 8.483}, {'end': 5510.056, 'text': 'Then we have.', 'start': 5509.115, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 5515.998, 'text': 'the viruses can also steal sensitive data, including passwords, account details,', 'start': 5510.056, 'duration': 5.942}, {'end': 5521.236, 'text': 'which may lead to unexpected logout from the accounts or corruption of the sensitive data.', 'start': 5515.998, 'duration': 5.238}], 'summary': 'Viruses cause system slowdowns and frequent freezes, stealing sensitive data and leading to unexpected logouts or corruption.', 'duration': 21.824, 'max_score': 5499.412, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE5499412.jpg'}], 'start': 4568.153, 'title': 'Network security and threats', 'summary': 'Covers various aspects of network security including anonymity and cryptocurrency on the tor network, the importance of firewalls, ransomware threats, understanding malware like viruses and trojans, sql injection attacks, and prevention measures. it emphasizes the significance of maintaining anonymity, safeguarding networks, and mitigating cyber threats.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4656.939, 'start': 4568.153, 'title': 'Anonymity and cryptocurrency on the tor network', 'summary': 'Discusses accessing onion links through the tor network to maintain anonymity, emphasizing the usage of the tor browser, and highlights the significance of cryptocurrency wallets on the deep web for anonymous transactions.', 'duration': 88.786, 'highlights': ['Accessing onion links through the Tor network to maintain anonymity and the significance of using the Tor browser for this purpose.', 'Emphasizing the availability of specific websites like the hidden wiki and a hidden wallet exclusively on the Tor network, showcasing the restricted nature of content on the deep web.', 'Highlighting the significance of cryptocurrency wallets on the deep web for anonymous transactions, especially for journalists and individuals desiring internet transaction anonymization.']}, {'end': 4919.915, 'start': 4657.42, 'title': 'Importance of firewalls', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of firewalls in safeguarding networks, comparing them to boundary walls protecting houses, and explains their role in filtering incoming and outgoing network traffic to prevent cyber attacks.', 'duration': 262.495, 'highlights': ['Firewalls act as virtual walls, safeguarding and secure our devices from intruders, and filter incoming and outgoing traffic within a private network. Firewalls act as virtual walls, safeguarding and secure our devices from intruders, and filter incoming and outgoing traffic within a private network.', 'They compare the role of a firewall to that of a security guard at a gated community, only allowing trusted traffic sources or IP addresses to enter the network. They compare the role of a firewall to that of a security guard at a gated community, only allowing trusted traffic sources or IP addresses to enter the network.', 'The firewall works on a set of rules based on network packet details, only welcoming incoming traffic that it has been configured to accept and rejecting malicious data packets to protect the network from hackers. The firewall works on a set of rules based on network packet details, only welcoming incoming traffic that it has been configured to accept and rejecting malicious data packets to protect the network from hackers.', 'Firewalls can either be hardware or software, with hardware firewalls established between the gateway and the network, while software firewalls are programs installed on each computer. Firewalls can either be hardware or software, with hardware firewalls established between the gateway and the network, while software firewalls are programs installed on each computer.', 'Different types of firewalls are designed based on their traffic filtering methods, structure, and functionality, such as packet filtering firewall, stateful inspection firewall, and proxy firewall. Different types of firewalls are designed based on their traffic filtering methods, structure, and functionality, such as packet filtering firewall, stateful inspection firewall, and proxy firewall.']}, {'end': 5186.439, 'start': 4919.915, 'title': 'Ransomware: a growing threat', 'summary': 'Discusses the 2015 tesla crypt ransomware attack on gamers, the spread and impact of ransomware, its various types, and preventive measures, highlighting the importance of security protocols and precautions to mitigate the risk of such attacks.', 'duration': 266.524, 'highlights': ["Ransomware attack on Richard in 2015 Richard's personal experience of being targeted by the Tesla Crypt ransomware attack, which affected thousands of gamers and demanded a ransom of $500 worth of Bitcoin.", 'Definition and modus operandi of ransomware Explanation of ransomware as a type of malware that encrypts files and demands ransom, often using cryptocurrency for anonymity and spreading through phishing, untrusted sources, and compromised networks.', 'Types of ransomware Description of locker ransomware, crypto ransomware, and scareware, highlighting their impact on computer functions and files, and the deceptive nature of scareware.', 'Preventive measures against ransomware Recommendations for data backups, system updates, antivirus software, and secure browsing practices, emphasizing the importance of security protocols and the availability of decryption tools on nomoreransom.org.']}, {'end': 5942.26, 'start': 5187.099, 'title': 'Understanding malware: viruses and trojans', 'summary': 'Discusses the functioning, types, detection, prevention, and consequences of viruses and trojans, highlighting that viruses are non-remote programs, while trojan horses are remote accessed and viruses have the ability to replicate themselves to harm multiple files, whereas trojan does not have the replication ability, alongside the introduction of sql injection vulnerability and a demonstration using the owasp broken web application project.', 'duration': 755.161, 'highlights': ['The main objective of the virus is to harm the data and information in a system, whereas for the trojan we have stealing of the data files and information effect of viruses is more drastic in comparison to the Trojan horses. Viruses aim to harm data, while Trojans focus on stealing data, and viruses have a more drastic effect compared to Trojan horses.', 'Viruses which are non-remote programs whereas Trojan horses are remote accessed. Viruses are non-remote programs, while Trojan horses are remote accessed.', 'Viruses have the ability to replicate itself to harm multiple files whereas Trojan does not have the replication ability. Viruses can replicate themselves to harm multiple files, while Trojans lack the replication ability.', 'SQL injection vulnerability allows an attacker to inject malicious input into a SQL statement. SQL injection vulnerability enables attackers to inject malicious input into a SQL statement.', 'The vulnerability does not lie in the database itself, but in the application. The vulnerability for SQL injection lies in the application, not the database.']}, {'end': 6567.964, 'start': 5942.95, 'title': 'Understanding sql injection attacks', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of sql injection, types of sql injection attacks including in-band, blind, and out-of-band attacks, and the use of different types of sql queries to bypass authentication and extract data. it illustrates how a hacker can extract database information such as the type and version of the database server and explains the boolean-based and time-based sql injection attacks to manipulate and obtain data from the database.', 'duration': 625.014, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the basics of SQL injection, types of SQL injection attacks including in-band, blind, and out-of-band attacks, and the use of different types of SQL queries to bypass authentication and extract data. The chapter provides an overview of SQL injection attacks, including the different types and their purposes, such as bypassing authentication and extracting data.', 'It illustrates how a hacker can extract database information such as the type and version of the database server. The transcript explains how a hacker can use SQL injection to extract database information, including the type and version of the database server, which can inform further attack strategies.', 'Explains the Boolean-based and time-based SQL injection attacks to manipulate and obtain data from the database. The chapter details the Boolean-based and time-based SQL injection attacks, providing insights into how these attacks manipulate and obtain data from the database.']}, {'end': 7056.569, 'start': 6567.964, 'title': 'Sql injection prevention', 'summary': 'Discusses how websites work with sql, potential sql injection attacks, and preventive measures, including prepared statements, object relational mapping, input escaping, password hashing, third-party authentication, web application firewalls, software updates, and continuous query monitoring.', 'duration': 488.605, 'highlights': ['Use prepared statement and parameterized queries to ensure safe treatment of SQL parameters. Prepared statements and parameterized queries prevent SQL injection by treating parameters in a secure manner.', 'Object relational mapping frameworks are preferred to make the translation of SQL results set into code objects seamless. Object relational mapping frameworks help in evading the translation of SQL results set into code objects, making the process more seamless.', 'Escaping inputs and sanitizing operators can protect against most SQL injection attacks. Escaping inputs and sanitizing operators is a simple way to protect against most SQL injection attacks by ensuring that certain characters cannot be accepted as user input.', 'Utilize third-party authentication mechanisms like OAuth to rely on a third party for maintaining authentication security. Using third-party authentication mechanisms like OAuth allows relying on a third party for maintaining the security of authentication.', 'Implement web application firewalls and configure them properly to mitigate or minimize the threat of SQL injection attacks. Implementing and properly configuring web application firewalls is a sure-shot method of mitigating or minimizing the threat of SQL injection attacks.', 'Regularly update software and use patches to keep the software secure against new vulnerabilities. Regularly updating software and using patches helps in keeping the software secure against new vulnerabilities.', 'Continuously monitor SQL statements and databases using protocol monitors, firewalls, and software to ensure the health of the software. Continuous monitoring of SQL statements and databases using protocol monitors, firewalls, and software helps ensure the health of the software.']}], 'duration': 2488.416, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE4568153.jpg', 'highlights': ['Emphasizing the availability of specific websites like the hidden wiki and a hidden wallet exclusively on the Tor network, showcasing the restricted nature of content on the deep web.', 'Highlighting the significance of cryptocurrency wallets on the deep web for anonymous transactions, especially for journalists and individuals desiring internet transaction anonymization.', 'Firewalls can either be hardware or software, with hardware firewalls established between the gateway and the network, while software firewalls are programs installed on each computer.', 'Different types of firewalls are designed based on their traffic filtering methods, structure, and functionality, such as packet filtering firewall, stateful inspection firewall, and proxy firewall.', 'Recommendations for data backups, system updates, antivirus software, and secure browsing practices, emphasizing the importance of security protocols and the availability of decryption tools on nomoreransom.org.', 'Viruses aim to harm data, while Trojans focus on stealing data, and viruses have a more drastic effect compared to Trojan horses.', 'SQL injection vulnerability enables attackers to inject malicious input into a SQL statement.', 'The chapter provides an overview of SQL injection attacks, including the different types and their purposes, such as bypassing authentication and extracting data.', 'Prepared statements and parameterized queries prevent SQL injection by treating parameters in a secure manner.', 'Object relational mapping frameworks help in evading the translation of SQL results set into code objects, making the process more seamless.', 'Regularly updating software and using patches helps in keeping the software secure against new vulnerabilities.']}, {'end': 9008.256, 'segs': [{'end': 7109.444, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7080.52, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7088.944, 'text': 'However, after a couple of hours, she noticed a significant purchase from a random website on that same credit card, which she never authorized.', 'start': 7080.52, 'duration': 8.424}, {'end': 7091.625, 'text': 'Frantically contacting the bank.', 'start': 7089.644, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 7098.149, 'text': 'Jane realized the original email was a counterfeit or a fake message with a malicious link that entailed credit card fraud.', 'start': 7091.625, 'duration': 6.524}, {'end': 7101.598, 'text': 'This is a classic example of a phishing attack.', 'start': 7099.016, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 7109.444, 'text': 'Phishing attacks are a type of social engineering where a fraudulent message is sent to a target on the premise of arriving from a trusted source.', 'start': 7102.339, 'duration': 7.105}], 'summary': 'Jane fell victim to a phishing attack, resulting in unauthorized credit card purchase from a fake website.', 'duration': 28.924, 'max_score': 7080.52, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE7080520.jpg'}, {'end': 7510.321, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7477.681, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 7482.123, 'text': 'And this is one of the reasons why this attack is considered as one of the riskiest attacks.', 'start': 7477.681, 'duration': 4.442}, {'end': 7485.824, 'text': 'It can be performed with different client-side programming languages as well.', 'start': 7482.923, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 7494.083, 'text': 'Cross-site scripting is often compared with similar client-side attacks as client-side languages are mostly being used during this.', 'start': 7487.978, 'duration': 6.105}, {'end': 7501.19, 'text': 'However, an XSS attack is considered riskier because of its ability to damage even less vulnerable technologies.', 'start': 7494.764, 'duration': 6.426}, {'end': 7505.897, 'text': 'Most often, this attack is performed with JavaScript and HTML.', 'start': 7502.594, 'duration': 3.303}, {'end': 7510.321, 'text': 'JavaScript is a programming language that runs on web pages inside your browser.', 'start': 7506.217, 'duration': 4.104}], 'summary': 'Cross-site scripting is risky due to potential damage with client-side languages like javascript and html.', 'duration': 32.64, 'max_score': 7477.681, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE7477681.jpg'}, {'end': 8176.548, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8153.149, 'weight': 17, 'content': [{'end': 8159.753, 'text': 'For example, values inside a JavaScript string require a different type of escaping to those in an HTML context.', 'start': 8153.149, 'duration': 6.604}, {'end': 8163.936, 'text': "Sometimes you'll need to apply multiple layers of encoding in the correct order.", 'start': 8160.554, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 8172.686, 'text': 'For example, to safely embed user input inside an event handler, you need to deal with both JavaScript context and the HTML context.', 'start': 8164.721, 'duration': 7.965}, {'end': 8176.548, 'text': 'So you need to first Unicode escape the input and then HTML encode it.', 'start': 8173.046, 'duration': 3.502}], 'summary': 'Javascript strings require different escaping than html; multiple encoding layers may be needed.', 'duration': 23.399, 'max_score': 8153.149, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE8153149.jpg'}, {'end': 8982.405, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8865.888, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8871.97, 'text': 'The vulnerability can be easily detected if the next link in the signup page is inspected.', 'start': 8865.888, 'duration': 6.082}, {'end': 8892.346, 'text': 'The href attribute value of next link is confirm, which is exactly the value of the next URL query parameter, as you can see over here.', 'start': 8882.182, 'duration': 10.164}, {'end': 8900.109, 'text': 'This means using the next query parameter can be used to inject a JavaScript code to the href attribute of the next link.', 'start': 8893.046, 'duration': 7.063}, {'end': 8902.81, 'text': 'The following is the best way to do it.', 'start': 8901.43, 'duration': 1.38}, {'end': 8907.032, 'text': 'As soon as the user clicks on the link, the script will be triggered.', 'start': 8903.43, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 8938.369, 'text': "We're going to press anything random.", 'start': 8936.849, 'duration': 1.52}, {'end': 8945.773, 'text': 'And now that we click next, we can see the XSS level five that we had provided in the URL as a parameter to the next variable.', 'start': 8939.31, 'duration': 6.463}, {'end': 8953.537, 'text': 'Since the value of next provided appears in a pop-up, we can consider the attack a success and move on to the final level six.', 'start': 8947.074, 'duration': 6.463}, {'end': 8961.038, 'text': 'In this web application, it shows some of the external JavaScript is received.', 'start': 8956.857, 'duration': 4.181}, {'end': 8966.26, 'text': 'If you analyze the URL, you can see that the script is loaded already.', 'start': 8962.239, 'duration': 4.021}, {'end': 8971.922, 'text': 'The vulnerability lies within how the code handles the value after the hashtag.', 'start': 8967.46, 'duration': 4.462}, {'end': 8982.405, 'text': 'If you check on line 45, the value right after the hashtag is taken as the gadget name.', 'start': 8976.403, 'duration': 6.002}], 'summary': 'Vulnerability detected in signup page, xss level five reached using next url query parameter, and external javascript received, leading to successful attack.', 'duration': 116.517, 'max_score': 8865.888, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE8865888.jpg'}], 'start': 7057.566, 'title': 'Web application security', 'summary': 'Covers phishing attacks, xss vulnerabilities, and prevention methods, highlighting the financial impact, theft risks, and best practices, including the use of content security policy and automated testing tools, with a focus on protecting web applications and demonstrating the exploitation of xss vulnerabilities.', 'chapters': [{'end': 7386.429, 'start': 7057.566, 'title': 'Phishing: a growing threat', 'summary': 'Illustrates a classic example of a phishing attack through the story of jane, who fell victim to a fraudulent email, resulting in credit card fraud, highlighting the prevalence, tactics, and consequences of phishing attacks, including the financial impact on corporations and the various categories of phishing techniques, emphasizing the importance of preventive measures.', 'duration': 328.863, 'highlights': ['Phishing attacks can lead to significant financial losses, with corporate giants like Facebook and Google being tricked off $100 million between 2013 and 2015 due to an extensive phishing campaign. Corporate giants like Facebook and Google suffered significant financial losses, amounting to $100 million, as a result of an extensive phishing campaign between 2013 and 2015, emphasizing the substantial financial impact of phishing attacks.', 'Phishing attacks encompass various categories, including deceptive phishing, spearfishing, and whaling, each targeting different groups with tailored approaches to maximize success rates. Phishing attacks are categorized into deceptive phishing, spearfishing, and whaling, each employing tailored approaches to target different groups, highlighting the diverse tactics utilized to maximize the success rates of phishing attacks.', 'Preventive measures against phishing include verifying the authenticity of links, refraining from entering private information on suspicious websites, and using secure anti-phishing browser extensions like Cloudfish to identify malicious emails. Effective preventive measures against phishing involve verifying the authenticity of links, avoiding entering private information on suspicious websites, and utilizing secure anti-phishing browser extensions such as Cloudfish, emphasizing the importance of proactive measures to mitigate the risk of falling victim to phishing attacks.']}, {'end': 7888.126, 'start': 7386.449, 'title': 'Understanding cross-site scripting', 'summary': 'Provides an overview of cross-site scripting (xss) attacks, including the methods of execution, potential consequences, and comparison with other client-side attacks, highlighting the vulnerability of web pages and applications to unsanitized user input, as well as the risk posed by javascript, with a focus on the theft of user identities and cookies.', 'duration': 501.677, 'highlights': ['Cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks are most common in JavaScript due to its importance in modern browser experiences, with the main purpose being to steal user identities and cookies, posing a significant risk. JavaScript is the most common language for XSS attacks, posing a significant risk due to its importance in modern browser experiences and the potential to steal user identities and cookies.', 'XSS attacks can lead to the theft of user identities and cookies, with cookies enabling automatic logins, thus increasing the risk of this form of attack. The main purpose of XSS attacks is to steal user identities, primarily through the theft of cookies, which can facilitate unauthorized automatic logins.', 'XSS attacks can be triggered in various ways, such as automatically on page load or when a user interacts with specific page elements, potentially leading to severe consequences, including the compromise of victim accounts. XSS attacks can be triggered in multiple ways, including automatic execution on page load or interaction with specific page elements, potentially resulting in severe consequences such as the compromise of victim accounts.', 'Cross-site scripting attacks can be carried out through reflected and stored methods, with the latter being riskier due to the permanent storage of malicious scripts on the web server, potentially impacting multiple users over a prolonged period. XSS attacks can be executed through reflected and stored methods, with the latter being riskier as it involves the permanent storage of malicious scripts on the web server, impacting multiple users over a prolonged period.', 'Reflected XSS attacks involve the temporary reflection of malicious code in website results, typically through manipulated URLs or HTTP parameters, affecting individual users upon interaction with the malicious content. Reflected XSS attacks involve the temporary reflection of malicious code in website results, often through manipulated URLs or HTTP parameters, impacting individual users who interact with the malicious content.']}, {'end': 8044.117, 'start': 7889.107, 'title': 'Understanding cross-site scripting attacks', 'summary': 'Explains the different types of cross-site scripting attacks, including the consequences and preventive measures, emphasizing the difficulty in detecting and fighting against these attacks, and the recommendation of using automated testing tools for prevention.', 'duration': 155.01, 'highlights': ['Automated testing tools like Crash Test Security Suite or Acunetix Security Suite can help prevent XSS attacks. Using automated testing tools like Crash Test Security Suite or Acunetix Security Suite can aid in preventing XSS attacks, offering a more efficient and effective solution than manual testing.', 'Cross-site scripting attacks are difficult to detect and even tougher to fight against. The difficulty in detecting and combating cross-site scripting attacks is highlighted, emphasizing the need for robust preventive measures and tools.', 'DOM-based XSS attack may be successfully executed even when the server does not embed any malicious code into the web page. The transcript explains the potential success of a DOM-based XSS attack without any malicious code being embedded into the web page, emphasizing the severity and stealth of such attacks.']}, {'end': 8176.548, 'start': 8044.798, 'title': 'Web application security best practices', 'summary': 'Emphasizes protecting web applications against xss attacks by validating input fields on both client and server sides, avoiding displaying untrusted user input, and properly escaping user-provided data to prevent vulnerabilities, with a focus on the importance of validation and the need for proper encoding to ensure security.', 'duration': 131.75, 'highlights': ['Validation should occur on both the client side and server side as an added precaution. Emphasizes the importance of validating input fields on both client and server sides to protect against XSS attacks.', 'Protecting against XSS vulnerabilities typically requires properly escaping user provided data that is placed on the page. Underlines the necessity of properly escaping user-provided data to prevent XSS vulnerabilities.', 'Avoid displaying any untrusted user input if possible. Encourages avoiding the display of untrusted user input to mitigate the risk of XSS attacks.', "Encoding should be applied directly before user-controllable data is written to a page, because the context you're writing into determines what kind of encoding you need to use. Stresses the importance of applying encoding directly before writing user-controllable data to the page to ensure proper security measures."]}, {'end': 8526.458, 'start': 8179.534, 'title': 'Content security policy & cross-site scripting', 'summary': 'Explores content security policy (csp) as a security standard to prevent cross-site scripting attacks, with a demonstration of xss vulnerabilities and their impact, including the risk of stolen cookies and passwords.', 'duration': 346.924, 'highlights': ['Content Security Policy (CSP) CSP is a security standard to prevent cross-site scripting attacks, widely supported by modern web browsers and recommended by the W3C working group on web application security.', 'HTTP only flag in Cookie Header The HTTP only flag in the cookie header mitigates the risk of client-side script accessing protected cookies, enhancing security against potential vulnerabilities.', 'Cross-Site Scripting Demonstration A live demonstration illustrates XSS vulnerabilities, including the injection of JavaScript code, potential impact on browser cookies and passwords, and the difference between reflected and stored XSS attacks.']}, {'end': 9008.256, 'start': 8527.098, 'title': 'Xss attack and vulnerability analysis', 'summary': 'Describes how to exploit xss vulnerabilities in a web application to execute javascript code, including using events to trigger javascript execution, bypassing input validation to inject malicious code, and exploiting open redirect vulnerabilities to execute javascript in unexpected manners. the transcript also covers the progression through levels of xss challenges, demonstrating successful exploitation at each level.', 'duration': 481.158, 'highlights': ['The value after the hashtag controls the behavior of the page, hinting that it is an input variable. The value after the hashtag controls the behavior of the page.', 'No input validation is being performed for the value provided after the hash in the URL, leading to unsafe assignment and vulnerability. No input validation for the value after the hash leads to vulnerability.', 'Exploiting an open redirect vulnerability by injecting JavaScript code into the href attribute of a link using the next query parameter. Exploiting an open redirect vulnerability to inject JavaScript code.', 'Directly passing the value after the hashtag to the include gadget method, creating a script tag using the parameter value as the source attribute. Directly passing the value after the hashtag to include gadget method.']}], 'duration': 1950.69, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE7057566.jpg', 'highlights': ['Phishing attacks resulted in $100 million losses for Facebook and Google between 2013 and 2015, emphasizing substantial financial impact.', 'Phishing attacks employ tailored approaches like deceptive phishing, spearfishing, and whaling to maximize success rates.', 'Preventive measures against phishing include verifying links, refraining from entering private information on suspicious websites, and using secure anti-phishing browser extensions.', 'JavaScript is the most common language for XSS attacks, posing a significant risk due to its importance in modern browser experiences.', 'XSS attacks can lead to the theft of user identities and cookies, increasing the risk of unauthorized automatic logins.', 'XSS attacks can be triggered in various ways, potentially compromising victim accounts and impacting multiple users over a prolonged period.', 'Automated testing tools like Crash Test Security Suite or Acunetix Security Suite can help prevent XSS attacks more efficiently than manual testing.', 'The difficulty in detecting and combating XSS attacks emphasizes the need for robust preventive measures and tools.', 'DOM-based XSS attacks may be successfully executed even without any malicious code being embedded into the web page.', 'Validation should occur on both the client side and server side as an added precaution against XSS attacks.', 'Properly escaping user-provided data and avoiding the display of untrusted user input are essential to protect against XSS vulnerabilities.', 'Applying encoding directly before writing user-controllable data to the page is crucial for ensuring proper security measures.', 'Content Security Policy (CSP) is a widely supported security standard to prevent cross-site scripting attacks.', 'The HTTP only flag in the cookie header enhances security against potential vulnerabilities by mitigating the risk of client-side script accessing protected cookies.', 'A live demonstration illustrates XSS vulnerabilities, including the injection of JavaScript code and the impact on browser cookies and passwords.', 'No input validation for the value after the hash in the URL leads to vulnerability and unsafe assignment.', 'Exploiting an open redirect vulnerability to inject JavaScript code highlights a security risk.', 'Directly passing the value after the hashtag to include gadget method creates a script tag using the parameter value as the source attribute.']}, {'end': 10064.253, 'segs': [{'end': 9219.002, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9193.265, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 9200.27, 'text': 'Servers, devices, services, networks, applications and even specific transactions within applications.', 'start': 9193.265, 'duration': 7.005}, {'end': 9205.434, 'text': "In a DOS attack, it's one system that is sending the malicious data or requests.", 'start': 9201.231, 'duration': 4.203}, {'end': 9208.096, 'text': 'A DDoS attack comes from multiple systems.', 'start': 9206.054, 'duration': 2.042}, {'end': 9212.76, 'text': 'Generally, these attacks work by drowning a system with requests for data.', 'start': 9209.079, 'duration': 3.681}, {'end': 9219.002, 'text': 'This could be sending a web server so many requests to serve a page that it crashes under the demand,', 'start': 9213.54, 'duration': 5.462}], 'summary': 'Dos attacks come from one system, ddos from multiple systems, drowning a system with requests for data.', 'duration': 25.737, 'max_score': 9193.265, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE9193265.jpg'}, {'end': 9328.073, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9303.733, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 9310.158, 'text': 'When the hacker finds the right time to attack all the zombies in the botnet network, send these requests to the target,', 'start': 9303.733, 'duration': 6.425}, {'end': 9312.92, 'text': "thereby taking up all the server's available bandwidth.", 'start': 9310.158, 'duration': 2.762}, {'end': 9318.945, 'text': 'These can be simple ping requests or complex attacks like SYN flooding and UDP flooding.', 'start': 9313.781, 'duration': 5.164}, {'end': 9324.45, 'text': 'The aim is to overwhelm them with more traffic than the server or the network can accommodate.', 'start': 9319.686, 'duration': 4.764}, {'end': 9328.073, 'text': 'The goal is to render the website or service inoperable.', 'start': 9325.09, 'duration': 2.983}], 'summary': 'Hacker launches botnet attack to overwhelm server with traffic, rendering website inoperable.', 'duration': 24.34, 'max_score': 9303.733, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE9303733.jpg'}, {'end': 9451.847, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9415.638, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 9420.52, 'text': 'Application layer attacks are conducted by flooding applications with maliciously crafted requests.', 'start': 9415.638, 'duration': 4.882}, {'end': 9424.762, 'text': 'The size of application layer attacks is measured in requests per second.', 'start': 9421.241, 'duration': 3.521}, {'end': 9431.746, 'text': 'These are relatively sophisticated attacks that target the application and operating system level vulnerabilities.', 'start': 9425.803, 'duration': 5.943}, {'end': 9440.43, 'text': 'They prevent the specific applications from delivering necessary information to users and hog the network bandwidth up to the point of a system crash.', 'start': 9432.566, 'duration': 7.864}, {'end': 9445.465, 'text': 'Examples of such an attack are HTTP flooding and BGP hijacking.', 'start': 9441.664, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 9451.847, 'text': 'A single device can request data from a server using HTTP POST or GET without any issues.', 'start': 9446.365, 'duration': 5.482}], 'summary': 'Application layer attacks flood applications with malicious requests, measured in requests per second, causing system crashes and hogging network bandwidth.', 'duration': 36.209, 'max_score': 9415.638, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE9415638.jpg'}, {'end': 9988.649, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9957.039, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 9961.361, 'text': 'Here, the Parag Security OS is the client and Linux Lite being the server.', 'start': 9957.039, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 9968.779, 'text': 'Minus V stands for verbosity, as in where we will see some output when the requests are being sent.', 'start': 9963.496, 'duration': 5.283}, {'end': 9976.643, 'text': 'The hyphen P80 stands for port 80, which we can replace the port number if we want to attack a different port.', 'start': 9969.939, 'duration': 6.704}, {'end': 9980.464, 'text': 'And finally, we have the IP address of our target.', 'start': 9977.463, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 9988.649, 'text': 'As of right now, if we check Wireshark, it is relatively clear and there is no indication of a DDoS attack incoming.', 'start': 9981.685, 'duration': 6.964}], 'summary': 'Parag security os client communicates with linux lite server on port 80, with no indication of ddos attack.', 'duration': 31.61, 'max_score': 9957.039, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE9957039.jpg'}, {'end': 10074.215, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10047.416, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 10051.686, 'text': 'This has happened due to the huge number of requests that came from Palette Security.', 'start': 10047.416, 'duration': 4.27}, {'end': 10055.692, 'text': 'You can see whatever I press, nothing is responded.', 'start': 10053.151, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 10064.253, 'text': 'Even the Wireshark has stopped capturing new requests because the CPU usage right now is completely 100% and at this point of time,', 'start': 10056.012, 'duration': 8.241}, {'end': 10074.215, 'text': 'anyone who is trying to request some information from this Linux distro or where this Linux distro is being used as a backend for a server or a database,', 'start': 10064.253, 'duration': 9.962}], 'summary': 'High cpu usage due to requests from palette security causing unresponsiveness and wireshark capture failure', 'duration': 26.799, 'max_score': 10047.416, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE10047416.jpg'}], 'start': 9008.256, 'title': 'Security vulnerabilities and ddos attacks', 'summary': 'Discusses the script injection vulnerability, covering six varieties of cross-scripting attacks, and the rising threat of ddos attacks, including the most extreme attack in 2020, three of the six strongest ddos attacks occurring in 2021, and measures to protect against them. it also explores the launching of a ddos attack using vmware, parrot security os, linux lite, and tools like wireshark and hping3, resulting in a server shutdown due to a flood of requests.', 'chapters': [{'end': 9078.888, 'start': 9008.256, 'title': 'Script injection vulnerability', 'summary': 'Discusses the vulnerability in controlling the source attribute of a script tag, allowing the injection of a custom javascript file into the code via url manipulation, bypassing security checks and successfully completing six varieties of cross-scripting attacks.', 'duration': 70.632, 'highlights': ['By exploiting the vulnerability, one can inject a custom JavaScript file into the code by manipulating the source attribute of the script tag.', "The method involves injecting a custom JavaScript file via the web application's URL after the hashtag, bypassing security checks that do not require HTTPS.", 'The chapter concludes by mentioning the successful completion of six different varieties of cross-scripting attacks using different solutions.']}, {'end': 9749.381, 'start': 9079.449, 'title': 'Rising threat of ddos attacks', 'summary': 'Discusses the increasing severity of ddos attacks, with three of the six strongest ddos attacks occurring in 2021, the most extreme attack in 2020, and the impact on both individual users and multinational corporations. it also covers the mechanics of a ddos attack, types of ddos attacks, motivations behind launching them, and measures to protect against them.', 'duration': 669.932, 'highlights': ['DDoS attacks are escalating, with three of the six strongest DDoS attacks occurring in 2021 and the most extreme attack happening in 2020. Quantifiable data: Specific years mentioned for the occurrence of the strongest DDoS attacks.', 'GitHub, a platform for software developers, was the target of a DDoS attack in 2018, suspected to be conducted by Chinese authorities. Quantifiable data: Specific year and platform targeted by the DDoS attack, along with the suspected perpetrator.', 'DDoS attacks can range from causing minor disruptions to taking entire websites, applications, or businesses offline. Quantifiable data: Impact of DDoS attacks on various entities, from minor disruptions to complete shutdown.', 'Different types of DDoS attacks include volume-based, protocol level, and application level attacks, each measured in different units such as bits per second, packets per second, and requests per second. Quantifiable data: Classification of DDoS attacks based on types and their respective measurement units.', 'Motivations behind DDoS attacks include gaining competitive advantage, holding multinational corporations at ransom, and serving political agendas. Key points: Various motives behind launching DDoS attacks, including gaining competitive advantage, holding corporations at ransom, and serving political agendas.', 'Measures to protect against DDoS attacks include employing load balancers, firewalls, early detection, intelligent traffic filtering, cloud services, and increasing bandwidth. Key points: Various measures to protect against DDoS attacks, including technological solutions and cloud services.']}, {'end': 10064.253, 'start': 9750.342, 'title': 'Launching ddos attack using vmware', 'summary': 'Explores launching a ddos attack using vmware, parrot security os, linux lite, and tools like wireshark and hping3, resulting in a server shutdown due to a flood of requests.', 'duration': 313.911, 'highlights': ["To launch the attack, we must first find the IP address of our target by using 'ifconfig' command, obtaining the private IP address 192.168.72.129. Finding the IP address of the target machine using 'ifconfig' command, resulting in obtaining the private IP address 192.168.72.129.", "Using the HPING3 tool with various arguments, such as 'minus S' for SYN packets and 'hyphen flood' to ignore server replies, to flood the target machine resulting in a DDoS attack. Using the HPING3 tool with 'minus S' for SYN packets and 'hyphen flood' to flood the target machine, resulting in a DDoS attack.", 'Observing the flooding of requests in Wireshark leading to a server shutdown due to a flood of HTTP requests, causing the system to become completely unresponsive. Observing flooding of requests in Wireshark leading to a server shutdown due to a flood of HTTP requests, causing the system to become completely unresponsive.']}], 'duration': 1055.997, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE9008256.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter concludes by mentioning the successful completion of six different varieties of cross-scripting attacks using different solutions.', 'DDoS attacks are escalating, with three of the six strongest DDoS attacks occurring in 2021 and the most extreme attack happening in 2020.', 'GitHub, a platform for software developers, was the target of a DDoS attack in 2018, suspected to be conducted by Chinese authorities.', 'DDoS attacks can range from causing minor disruptions to taking entire websites, applications, or businesses offline.', 'Different types of DDoS attacks include volume-based, protocol level, and application level attacks, each measured in different units such as bits per second, packets per second, and requests per second.', 'Motivations behind DDoS attacks include gaining competitive advantage, holding multinational corporations at ransom, and serving political agendas.', 'Measures to protect against DDoS attacks include employing load balancers, firewalls, early detection, intelligent traffic filtering, cloud services, and increasing bandwidth.', "Using the HPING3 tool with 'minus S' for SYN packets and 'hyphen flood' to flood the target machine, resulting in a DDoS attack.", 'Observing the flooding of requests in Wireshark leading to a server shutdown due to a flood of HTTP requests, causing the system to become completely unresponsive.']}, {'end': 11179.853, 'segs': [{'end': 10617.013, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10588.1, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 10593.566, 'text': 'The longer the password, the less likely it is that a hacker will devote the time and resources to brute force them.', 'start': 10588.1, 'duration': 5.466}, {'end': 10599.794, 'text': 'Having alphanumeric passwords also allows the user to keep different passwords for different websites.', 'start': 10594.448, 'duration': 5.346}, {'end': 10605.881, 'text': 'This is to ensure that if a single account or a password is compromised due to a breach or a hack,', 'start': 10600.415, 'duration': 5.466}, {'end': 10608.244, 'text': 'the rest of the accounts are isolated from the incident.', 'start': 10605.881, 'duration': 2.363}, {'end': 10617.013, 'text': 'Two-factor authentication involves receiving a one-time password on a trusted device before a new login is allowed.', 'start': 10610.728, 'duration': 6.285}], 'summary': 'Longer passwords and two-factor authentication increase security and protect accounts from breaches.', 'duration': 28.913, 'max_score': 10588.1, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE10588100.jpg'}, {'end': 10706.156, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10676.491, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 10682.672, 'text': 'Many websites lock accounts for 30 minutes after three failed password attempts to secure the account against any such attack.', 'start': 10676.491, 'duration': 6.181}, {'end': 10691.074, 'text': 'On an additional note, some websites also send an email instructing the user that there have been three insecure attempts to log into the website.', 'start': 10683.352, 'duration': 7.722}, {'end': 10698.111, 'text': "Let's look at a demonstration of how brute-force attacks work in a real-world situation.", 'start': 10693.769, 'duration': 4.342}, {'end': 10700.233, 'text': 'The world has gone wireless.', 'start': 10699.012, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 10706.156, 'text': "With Wi-Fi taking the reins in every household, it's natural that the security will always be up for debate.", 'start': 10700.693, 'duration': 5.463}], 'summary': 'Websites lock accounts for 30 mins after 3 failed attempts, and some notify users via email. brute-force attacks demonstrated.', 'duration': 29.665, 'max_score': 10676.491, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE10676491.jpg'}, {'end': 10775.009, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10747.176, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 10754.079, 'text': "To start our demo, we're going to use a tool called Airgeddon, which is made to hack into wireless networks specifically.", 'start': 10747.176, 'duration': 6.903}, {'end': 10764.744, 'text': "At this point, it's going to check for all the necessary scripts that are installed in the system.", 'start': 10760.662, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 10775.009, 'text': "To crack into a Wi-Fi and to capture the handshake file, we're going to need an external network card.", 'start': 10769.146, 'duration': 5.863}], 'summary': 'Demo using airgeddon tool to hack wireless networks, requiring external network card.', 'duration': 27.833, 'max_score': 10747.176, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE10747176.jpg'}, {'end': 10873.506, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10797.246, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 10800.746, 'text': "So we're going to select option two, which is to put the interface in monitor mode.", 'start': 10797.246, 'duration': 3.5}, {'end': 10805.107, 'text': 'And its name is now WLAN0 monitor.', 'start': 10802.927, 'duration': 2.18}, {'end': 10809.027, 'text': 'The monitor mode is necessary to capture data over the air.', 'start': 10806.325, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 10813.33, 'text': 'That is the necessary reason why we need an external card,', 'start': 10809.967, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 10819.514, 'text': 'since a lot of inbuilt cards that come with the laptops and the systems they cannot have a monitor mode installed.', 'start': 10813.33, 'duration': 6.184}, {'end': 10825.017, 'text': 'Once we select the mode, we can go into the fifth, which is the handshake tools menu.', 'start': 10820.615, 'duration': 4.402}, {'end': 10833.943, 'text': 'In the first step, we have to explore for targets and it is written that monitor mode is necessary to select a target.', 'start': 10828.34, 'duration': 5.603}, {'end': 10836.025, 'text': "So let's explore for targets.", 'start': 10834.604, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 10838.527, 'text': 'and press enter.', 'start': 10837.875, 'duration': 0.652}, {'end': 10853.174, 'text': 'We have to let this run for about 60 seconds to get a fair idea about the networks that are currently working in this locality.', 'start': 10846.53, 'duration': 6.644}, {'end': 10859.437, 'text': 'For example, this ESS ID is supposed to be the Wi-Fi name that we see when connecting to a network.', 'start': 10853.554, 'duration': 5.883}, {'end': 10865.441, 'text': 'Geo24, RecoverMe, these are all the names that we see on our mobile when trying to search for the Wi-Fis.', 'start': 10859.938, 'duration': 5.503}, {'end': 10873.506, 'text': 'This BSS ID is supposed to be an identifier, somewhat like a MAC address, that identifies this network from other devices.', 'start': 10866.141, 'duration': 7.365}], 'summary': 'Selecting monitor mode to capture data over the air using wlan0 monitor, necessary for targeting networks and identifying unique identifiers.', 'duration': 76.26, 'max_score': 10797.246, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE10797246.jpg'}, {'end': 10955.378, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10927.61, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 10931.432, 'text': 'So it is easy to run an attack on, and it is easy to capture a handshake for.', 'start': 10927.61, 'duration': 3.822}, {'end': 10933.673, 'text': 'Select network five.', 'start': 10932.813, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 10936.317, 'text': 'and we run a capture handshake.', 'start': 10934.835, 'duration': 1.482}, {'end': 10944.086, 'text': 'It says we have a valid WPA, WPA2 network target selected and that the script can continue.', 'start': 10938.78, 'duration': 5.306}, {'end': 10951.474, 'text': 'Now, to capture the handshake, we have a couple of attacks, a deauth or a deauth air replay attack.', 'start': 10946.328, 'duration': 5.146}, {'end': 10955.378, 'text': 'What this attack does is kick the clients out of the network.', 'start': 10952.175, 'duration': 3.203}], 'summary': 'Easy to capture handshake for wpa, wpa2 network. can kick clients out.', 'duration': 27.768, 'max_score': 10927.61, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE10927610.jpg'}, {'end': 11158.386, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11129.625, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 11138.089, 'text': 'For example, if we already know that we have seen a user use a password while connecting to the router as something that has only numbers and symbols,', 'start': 11129.625, 'duration': 8.464}, {'end': 11139.369, 'text': 'then we can choose accordingly.', 'start': 11138.089, 'duration': 1.28}, {'end': 11143.771, 'text': "Let's say if we go with only uppercase characters and numeric characters.", 'start': 11140.029, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 11150.003, 'text': "go with option seven, and it's going to start decrypting.", 'start': 11145.421, 'duration': 4.582}, {'end': 11158.386, 'text': 'So how Aircrack is working right here, you can see this passphrase over here.', 'start': 11154.305, 'duration': 4.081}], 'summary': 'Aircrack can decrypt a password with uppercase and numeric characters, using option seven.', 'duration': 28.761, 'max_score': 11129.625, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE11129625.jpg'}], 'start': 10064.253, 'title': 'Brute force attacks and wi-fi network security', 'summary': 'Covers the impact of dos and ddos attacks on linux lite, the implications of system hacking, and prevention methods like password complexity, two-factor authentication, and captchas. it also discusses wi-fi handshake capture, deauthentication attacks, and cracking security keys using brute force tools.', 'chapters': [{'end': 10483.358, 'start': 10064.253, 'title': 'Brute force attacks: risks and mitigation', 'summary': 'Highlights the impact of dos and ddos attacks on linux lite, emphasizing the growing cybersecurity challenges, and provides an in-depth understanding of brute force attacks, including the process, tools, and implications, and concludes with a call to action for audience participation in a security exercise.', 'duration': 419.105, 'highlights': ["The chapter emphasizes the impact of DOS and DDoS attacks on Linux Lite, highlighting the system's vulnerability and the time required for recovery. Linux Lite VM instance, DOS attack impact assessment, recovery time.", 'Provides insights into the increasing cybersecurity challenges due to the transition of corporate culture to online platforms and cloud computing, emphasizing the value and vulnerability of critical data. Rising cybersecurity challenges, critical data worth billions, increasing benefits leading to complex attacks.', 'Offers a comprehensive explanation of brute force attacks, including its simplicity, reliance on repeated trial and error, and the impact of password strength on the vulnerability to such attacks. Brute force attack explanation, impact of password strength, reliance on repeated trial and error.', 'Details the three-step process of brute forcing a system, including the selection of tools like Hashcat, Hydra, and John the Ripper, the generation of combinations, and the execution of the attack against the target. Three-step process of brute forcing, tools selection, combinations generation.', 'Explains the arduous process of testing multiple password combinations and emphasizes the time-consuming nature of successful brute force attacks. Arduous process of testing multiple combinations, time-consuming nature of successful attacks.']}, {'end': 10853.174, 'start': 10486.863, 'title': 'Brute force attacks and prevention', 'summary': 'Discusses the implications of a system being hacked, including compromised personal information, spam distribution, and the importance of prevention methods like password complexity, two-factor authentication, and captchas. it also provides a real-world demonstration of a wi-fi brute force attack using palette security and airgeddon.', 'duration': 366.311, 'highlights': ['Once brute forced, a system can spread malware via email attachments, sharing links, file upload via FTP, etc. A system compromised by a brute force attack can spread malware through various means, posing a significant threat to personal and organizational data security.', 'Personal information such as credit card data, usage habits, private images and videos are all stored in our systems, be it in plain format or root folders. The compromised system provides access to sensitive personal information, including credit card data, usage habits, and private media files, making it susceptible to unauthorized use and impersonation.', 'Using passwords consisting of alphabets, letters and numbers have a much higher chance of withstanding brute force attacks thanks to the sheer number of combinations they can produce. Complex passwords with a combination of alphabets, letters, and numbers significantly increase resistance against brute force attacks due to the extensive range of possible combinations.', 'Two-factor authentication involves receiving a one-time password on a trusted device before a new login is allowed. Implementing two-factor authentication enhances security by requiring a one-time password on a trusted device before granting access, providing an additional layer of protection against unauthorized logins.', 'CAPTCHAs are used to stop bots from running through web pages precisely to prevent brute forcing through their website. CAPTCHAs act as a deterrent to automated bots attempting brute force attacks on websites, effectively preventing unauthorized access by requiring manual verification.', 'A definite rule that locks the account being hacked for 30 minutes after a specified number of attempts is a good way to prevent brute force attempts. Implementing a rule that locks the account for a specified duration after a certain number of failed login attempts provides an effective defense against brute force attacks, deterring unauthorized access.', "The world has gone wireless. With Wi-Fi taking the reins in every household, it's natural that the security will always be up for debate. The widespread use of Wi-Fi in households has increased the importance of addressing security concerns related to wireless networks, prompting discussions on enhancing protection measures.", "To crack into a Wi-Fi and to capture the handshake file, we're going to need an external network card. Cracking into a Wi-Fi network and capturing the handshake file requires the use of an external network card, emphasizing the necessity of proper equipment for conducting such attacks."]}, {'end': 11179.853, 'start': 10853.554, 'title': 'Wi-fi network attack and handshake capture', 'summary': 'Discusses capturing wi-fi handshake files using deauthentication attacks, selecting target networks, capturing and decrypting handshake files, and cracking the security key using brute force tools.', 'duration': 326.299, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses capturing Wi-Fi handshake files using deauthentication attacks, selecting target networks, capturing and decrypting handshake files, and cracking the security key using brute force tools. This covers the key concepts and methods discussed in the transcript.', 'The script can continue with a valid WPA, WPA2 network target selected. It indicates successful selection of a target network for capturing the handshake file.', 'The capture file is often encrypted with the security key of the Wi-Fi network and needs to be decrypted to obtain the security key. Explains the process of decrypting the captured handshake file to obtain the security key.', 'The minimum length of a WPA2 PSK key will always be more than eight digits and below 64 digits. Provides specific information about the minimum and maximum length of a WPA2 PSK key, which is crucial for setting up the brute force attack.', 'Air crack plus crunch is used for a brute force attack against a handshake file with options to set the minimum and maximum length of the key and character set for checking the password. Describes the usage of air crack plus crunch for performing a brute force attack and the considerations for setting the key length and character set.']}], 'duration': 1115.6, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE10064253.jpg', 'highlights': ["The chapter emphasizes the impact of DOS and DDoS attacks on Linux Lite, highlighting the system's vulnerability and the time required for recovery. Linux Lite VM instance, DOS attack impact assessment, recovery time.", 'Provides insights into the increasing cybersecurity challenges due to the transition of corporate culture to online platforms and cloud computing, emphasizing the value and vulnerability of critical data. Rising cybersecurity challenges, critical data worth billions, increasing benefits leading to complex attacks.', 'Details the three-step process of brute forcing a system, including the selection of tools like Hashcat, Hydra, and John the Ripper, the generation of combinations, and the execution of the attack against the target. Three-step process of brute forcing, tools selection, combinations generation.', 'Implementing a rule that locks the account for a specified duration after a certain number of failed login attempts provides an effective defense against brute force attacks, deterring unauthorized access.', 'The compromised system provides access to sensitive personal information, including credit card data, usage habits, and private media files, making it susceptible to unauthorized use and impersonation.', 'Two-factor authentication involves receiving a one-time password on a trusted device before a new login is allowed. Implementing two-factor authentication enhances security by requiring a one-time password on a trusted device before granting access, providing an additional layer of protection against unauthorized logins.', 'Cracking into a Wi-Fi network and capturing the handshake file requires the use of an external network card, emphasizing the necessity of proper equipment for conducting such attacks.', 'Describes the usage of air crack plus crunch for performing a brute force attack and the considerations for setting the key length and character set.']}, {'end': 13960.237, 'segs': [{'end': 11901.615, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11872.766, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 11878.41, 'text': "Now, to prevent a system from getting infected by the keylogging program, let's take a look at different points.", 'start': 11872.766, 'duration': 5.644}, {'end': 11888.177, 'text': 'The first point includes using of different antivirus software or tools which can prevent the entering of malicious program into the system.', 'start': 11880.751, 'duration': 7.426}, {'end': 11894.472, 'text': 'then keeping system security protocols regularly updated is also a good habit.', 'start': 11889.67, 'duration': 4.802}, {'end': 11901.615, 'text': 'And lastly, using virtual keyboard to input our sensitive data, which may include bank details,', 'start': 11895.772, 'duration': 5.843}], 'summary': 'To prevent system infection by keylogging, use antivirus software, update security protocols, and use virtual keyboard for sensitive data.', 'duration': 28.849, 'max_score': 11872.766, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE11872766.jpg'}, {'end': 12388.358, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12363.384, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 12369.806, 'text': 'Spyware is a category of malware that can gather information regarding a user or a device straight from the host machine.', 'start': 12363.384, 'duration': 6.422}, {'end': 12374.147, 'text': 'It is mostly spread by malicious links via email or chat applications.', 'start': 12370.246, 'duration': 3.901}, {'end': 12382.273, 'text': 'When a link with the malware is received, clicking on this link will activate the spyware which allows the hacker to spy on all our user information.', 'start': 12374.747, 'duration': 7.526}, {'end': 12388.358, 'text': "With some spyware systems, even clicking on the link isn't necessary to trigger the malicious payload.", 'start': 12383.174, 'duration': 5.184}], 'summary': 'Spyware, spread through links, can gather user information without needing link activation.', 'duration': 24.974, 'max_score': 12363.384, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE12363384.jpg'}, {'end': 12517.94, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12484.329, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 12489.995, 'text': 'We all communicate with friends and family over instant messaging applications and email in some instances.', 'start': 12484.329, 'duration': 5.666}, {'end': 12492.978, 'text': 'If you check your inbox on a regular basis,', 'start': 12490.716, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 12499.946, 'text': 'you must have noticed that we receive some spam emails that the mail providers like Gmail and Yahoo can just filter into the spam folder.', 'start': 12492.978, 'duration': 6.968}, {'end': 12504.731, 'text': "Some of these messages bypass this filter and make their way into a person's inbox.", 'start': 12500.427, 'duration': 4.304}, {'end': 12508.054, 'text': 'They look like generic emails which are supposed to be safe.', 'start': 12505.552, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 12517.94, 'text': "The Pegasus spyware targets such occurrences bypassing malicious messages and links which install the necessary spy software on the user's mobile device,", 'start': 12508.614, 'duration': 9.326}], 'summary': 'Pegasus spyware targets and bypasses email filters to install spy software on mobile devices.', 'duration': 33.611, 'max_score': 12484.329, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE12484329.jpg'}, {'end': 13155.184, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13128.704, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 13135.073, 'text': 'However, the intricacy and the full extent of the breach makes it a way more complicated job than it looks on paper.', 'start': 13128.704, 'duration': 6.369}, {'end': 13138.33, 'text': 'The day is 26 February 2022.', 'start': 13135.868, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 13144.555, 'text': 'The world is hit with breaking news that Russian state TV channels have been hacked by Anonymous,', 'start': 13138.33, 'duration': 6.225}, {'end': 13149.72, 'text': 'a hacktivist collective and movement who have made a name, taking part in multiple cyber wars in the past decade.', 'start': 13144.555, 'duration': 5.165}, {'end': 13155.184, 'text': 'This was in response to the Russian aggression on Ukrainian territory in the hopes of annexation.', 'start': 13150.601, 'duration': 4.583}], 'summary': 'Russian state tv channels hacked by anonymous in response to russian aggression on ukrainian territory.', 'duration': 26.48, 'max_score': 13128.704, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE13128704.jpg'}], 'start': 11180.714, 'title': 'Cyber attacks and security', 'summary': 'Discusses botnet attacks, keyloggers, solarwinds breach, cyber warfare impact, and historical deadly cyber attacks, covering notable incidents like mirai botnet, solarwinds affecting 18,000 customers, and damaging attacks such as stuxnet and wannacry, resulting in millions of compromised records and billions in damages.', 'chapters': [{'end': 11535.226, 'start': 11180.714, 'title': 'Botnet attacks and keyloggers', 'summary': 'Discusses the process of brute forcing into wi-fi routers, botnet attacks, and keyloggers. it covers the process of brute forcing into wi-fi routers using passphrases, famous botnet attacks like mirai botnet and zeus bot, the working of a botnet, preparation and architecture of botnets, and countermeasures against botnet attacks along with an introduction to keyloggers.', 'duration': 354.512, 'highlights': ['Preparation and architecture of botnets The first step involves preparing the botnet army and establishing a connection between the botnet army and the control server, followed by the launching of the attack by the bot herder. The botnet architecture includes the client-server model, which operates with a command and control center, and the peer-to-peer model, which relies on a decentralized approach.', 'Famous botnet attacks The chapter discusses famous botnet attacks like Mirai Botnet, designed to attack vulnerable IoT devices, and Zeus Bot, specifically designed for attacking systems for bank-related information and data.', 'Process of brute forcing into Wi-Fi routers The process involves decrypting the handshake file using the security key (WPA2 key of the router) to gain access to the Wi-Fi router, allowing brute force attacks on Wi-Fi routers worldwide.', 'Countermeasures against botnet attacks The chapter provides countermeasures against botnet attacks, including having updated drivers and system updates, avoiding clicking random pop-ups or links, and installing certified antivirus, anti-spyware software, and firewall to protect against malware attacks.', 'Introduction to Keyloggers The chapter introduces keyloggers and provides an example of a scenario where Jacob considers the possibility of keyloggers causing problems with the system, leading to an understanding of the threat posed by keyloggers.']}, {'end': 12290.748, 'start': 11535.226, 'title': 'Keyloggers and their impact', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of keyloggers on systems, including how they enter systems, how to identify an infected system, types of keyloggers, potential exploits by hackers, impact on mobile devices, and prevention methods.', 'duration': 755.522, 'highlights': ['Keyloggers are malicious programs designed to record keystrokes and send them to hackers, entering systems through driver installation, unknown links, and pop-ups, leading to symptoms such as keyboard lag, system freeze, and delayed reaction time. Keyloggers enter systems through driver installation, unknown links, and pop-ups, causing symptoms such as keyboard lag, system freeze, and delayed reaction time.', 'Different types of keyloggers include API-based, form grabbing-based, kernel-based, and hardware keyloggers, each with distinct methods of recording and sending data to its origin. Keyloggers come in different types such as API-based, form grabbing-based, kernel-based, and hardware keyloggers, each with distinct methods of recording and sending data to its origin.', 'Hackers exploit keylogged data for blackmailing individuals, affecting company economic value, and accessing sensitive information such as military secrets, potentially impacting national security. Keylogged data can be exploited by hackers for blackmailing individuals, affecting company economic value, and accessing sensitive information such as military secrets.', 'Mobile devices can also be infected with keyloggers, leading to the exploitation of data and sensitive information, and prevention methods include using antivirus software, updating security protocols, and using virtual keyboards for sensitive data input. Mobile devices can be infected with keyloggers, leading to data exploitation, and prevention methods include using antivirus software, updating security protocols, and using virtual keyboards.', 'The transcript includes a demonstration of code for a keylogging program, involving the use of essential libraries, importing modules, writing code to save recorded data into a log file, and designing functions for recording key presses and releases. The transcript includes a demonstration of code for a keylogging program, involving the use of essential libraries, importing modules, writing code to save recorded data into a log file, and designing functions for recording key presses and releases.']}, {'end': 12853.039, 'start': 12292.188, 'title': 'Keyloggers, spyware, and pegasus', 'summary': 'Discusses the keyloggers, spyware, and the pegasus spyware system, covering their functionality, impact, and preventive measures, along with a focus on the zero-day vulnerabilities and detection challenges.', 'duration': 560.851, 'highlights': ['Pegasus is a spyware system developed by the NSO Group, capable of tracking user location, accessing device camera and microphone, and collecting private emails, passwords, images, and videos. Pegasus spyware system developed by NSO Group can track user location, access device camera and microphone, and collect private emails, passwords, images, and videos, posing a severe threat to user privacy.', 'Spyware can be activated without user interaction, allowing hackers to monitor user activities and gather sensitive information, impacting user privacy and security. Spyware can be activated without user interaction, enabling hackers to monitor user activities and gather sensitive information, posing a significant threat to user privacy and security.', 'Preventive measures against spyware include keeping apps and the operating system updated, avoiding sideloading of Android applications, and refraining from clicking on links from unknown domains to minimize the risk of spyware invasions. Preventive measures against spyware include keeping apps and the operating system updated, avoiding sideloading of Android applications, and refraining from clicking on links from unknown domains to minimize the risk of spyware invasions.', 'Keyloggers and their impact on system security are discussed, covering the modes of infection, detection methods, types of keyloggers, and preventive measures to safeguard against keylogging problems. The chapter delves into keyloggers, discussing their impact on system security, modes of infection, detection methods, types, and preventive measures to safeguard against keylogging problems.', "The chapter outlines the functionality and impact of spyware, emphasizing its spread through malicious links, potential security complications, and the Pegasus spyware's development, capabilities, and clientele. The chapter outlines the functionality and impact of spyware, emphasizing its spread through malicious links, potential security complications, and the development, capabilities, and clientele of the Pegasus spyware."]}, {'end': 13088.409, 'start': 12853.619, 'title': 'Solarwinds attack: breach and impact', 'summary': 'Delves into the solarwinds attack, which affected over 18,000 customers, including us government agencies and fortune 500 companies, potentially costing billions to recover, due to a supply chain attack involving a malicious update server repository and a state-sponsored remote access trojan, with ongoing investigations and recommended consumer precautions.', 'duration': 234.79, 'highlights': ['The SolarWinds attack affected over 18,000 customers, including US government agencies and Fortune 500 companies, potentially needing billions to recover the losses incurred. The scale of the attack and the significant impact it had on various organizations and government agencies, with potential financial implications, makes it a crucial highlight.', 'The breach involved a supply chain attack targeting the SolarWinds Orion platform via a malicious version attached to a software update, allowing hackers backdoor access to affected clients. The method of attack, involving a supply chain breach and the insertion of a remote access Trojan via a software update, reveals the sophistication and impact of the breach.', 'American government agencies, including the US Departments of Homeland Security, Treasury, and Health, were among the victims of the SolarWinds attack. The specific targeting of high-profile government agencies adds gravity to the severity and potential national security implications of the breach.', 'The breach is believed to be an act of cross-border corporate espionage conducted by state-sponsored hackers, potentially from Russia or China. The attribution of the breach to state-sponsored hackers from Russia or China adds geopolitical significance and complexity to the incident, raising concerns about international cyber threats and espionage.', 'The Biden government has launched a full investigation into the effects and repercussions of the SolarWinds attack. The ongoing investigation by the US government underscores the seriousness and impact of the breach, as well as the potential for diplomatic and geopolitical implications.', 'Consumer precautions recommended include using a password manager to generate secure alphanumeric passwords and using different passwords for different accounts to reduce the chances of a single point of failure. The emphasis on consumer precautions highlights the broader impact of the breach on individual security and the importance of proactive measures to mitigate potential risks.']}, {'end': 13620.503, 'start': 13089.029, 'title': 'Cyber warfare and security', 'summary': "Covers the impact of cyber warfare, including the solarwinds hack costing $18 million, anonymous's cyber war on russian state tv, the definition of cyber war, and ways to protect against cyber attacks, along with notable historical cyber attacks such as estonia and ukraine cyberattacks, nasa shutdown, and sony pictures cyber attack.", 'duration': 531.474, 'highlights': ['SolarWinds hack cost the parent company nearly $18 million as reparations, making it one of the biggest hacks in cyberspace history. The SolarWinds hack is estimated to cost the parent company nearly $18 million as reparations, making it one of the biggest hacks in cyberspace history.', "Anonymous hacked the Russian state TV networks to combat propaganda in Russia and highlight the damage to life meted out by the Kremlin in Ukraine, stealing 35,000 files from the Russian Central Bank and 120,000 Russian troops' personal information. Anonymous hacked the Russian state TV networks to combat propaganda in Russia and highlight the damage to life meted out by the Kremlin in Ukraine. They also hacked 120,000 Russian troops' personal information and the Russian Central Bank, stealing 35,000 files.", 'The chapter covers the impact of cyber warfare, including the SolarWinds hack costing $18 million, the definition of cyber war, and ways to protect against cyber attacks. The chapter covers the impact of cyber warfare, including the SolarWinds hack costing $18 million, the definition of cyber war, and ways to protect against cyber attacks.', "Estonia faced a series of cyberattacks causing unprecedented levels of internet traffic, DDoS attacks, and conflicts to edit the English-language version of the Bronze Soldier's Wikipedia page as well, believed to be behind the cyberattacks by Russia. Estonia faced a series of cyberattacks causing unprecedented levels of internet traffic, DDoS attacks, and conflicts to edit the English-language version of the Bronze Soldier's Wikipedia page as well, believed to be behind the cyberattacks by Russia.", 'Several parts of Ukraine witnessed a power outage due to a cyberattack, where hackers compromised information systems of three energy distribution companies, resulting in 30 substations being switched off and leaving about 230,000 people in the dark for about 1 to 6 hours, believed to be carried out by Russia-based hackers. Several parts of Ukraine witnessed a power outage due to a cyberattack, where hackers compromised information systems of three energy distribution companies, resulting in 30 substations being switched off and leaving about 230,000 people in the dark for about 1 to 6 hours, believed to be carried out by Russia-based hackers.']}, {'end': 13960.237, 'start': 13620.503, 'title': 'Deadly cyber attacks in history', 'summary': 'Highlights some of the deadliest cyber attacks in history, including the tjx data breach, stuxnet malware attack, home depot security breach, playstation network compromise, wannacry ransomware attack, and the melissa virus release, resulting in millions of compromised records, billions of dollars in damages, and government suspicion in some cases.', 'duration': 339.734, 'highlights': ['The TJX data breach compromised 45.6 million debit and credit card details, resulting in banks reissuing and blocking thousands of payment cards. This was one of the first and largest cyberattacks involving the loss of personal data, with significant repercussions for the affected banks and customers.', "The Stuxnet malware attack aimed at destructing Iran's nuclear infrastructure, infecting over 200,000 computers including 14 industrial sites and a uranium enrichment plant, causing extensive damage to the centrifuges. It was one of the first discovered malware capable of hampering hardware systems and is believed to be a cyber weapon created by the US and Israeli intelligence, resulting in substantial physical and geopolitical impacts.", 'The WannaCry ransomware attack infected over 200,000 computers across 150 countries, resulting in damages from hundreds of millions to billions of dollars and was suspected to be originated from North Korea. This attack had a widespread global impact, targeting both private and government organizations and leading to significant financial losses, with potential state involvement raising geopolitical concerns.', 'The Melissa virus, a mass-mailing macrovirus, caused nearly 80 million worth of damages by infecting computers via emails and creating considerable network traffic. Although it did not steal data or money, the virus caused widespread havoc and substantial financial harm, highlighting the destructive potential of cyber attacks.']}], 'duration': 2779.523, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE11180714.jpg', 'highlights': ['SolarWinds attack affected over 18,000 customers, including US government agencies and Fortune 500 companies, potentially needing billions to recover the losses incurred.', "The Stuxnet malware attack aimed at destructing Iran's nuclear infrastructure, infecting over 200,000 computers including 14 industrial sites and a uranium enrichment plant, causing extensive damage to the centrifuges.", 'The WannaCry ransomware attack infected over 200,000 computers across 150 countries, resulting in damages from hundreds of millions to billions of dollars and was suspected to be originated from North Korea.', 'The SolarWinds hack is estimated to cost the parent company nearly $18 million as reparations, making it one of the biggest hacks in cyberspace history.', "Anonymous hacked the Russian state TV networks to combat propaganda in Russia and highlight the damage to life meted out by the Kremlin in Ukraine. They also hacked 120,000 Russian troops' personal information and the Russian Central Bank, stealing 35,000 files."]}, {'end': 15358.3, 'segs': [{'end': 14275.636, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14245.613, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 14247.994, 'text': 'has addressed several online application weaknesses.', 'start': 14245.613, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 14250.795, 'text': 'Many weaknesses, though, still persist.', 'start': 14248.954, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 14259.858, 'text': 'Many security providers have created solutions specifically geared to safeguard online applications in response to the rising challenge of web application security.', 'start': 14251.675, 'duration': 8.183}, {'end': 14269.049, 'text': 'A web application firewall is an example of a security technology meant to identify and prevent application layer solves in the case of web applications.', 'start': 14260.7, 'duration': 8.349}, {'end': 14275.636, 'text': 'When it comes to APIs, APIs that have security flaws are the root of many major data breaches.', 'start': 14270.19, 'duration': 5.446}], 'summary': "Web application security weaknesses persist despite security providers' efforts to create specific solutions.", 'duration': 30.023, 'max_score': 14245.613, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE14245613.jpg'}, {'end': 14536.124, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14509.672, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 14514.415, 'text': 'The clients must pass through the web application firewall before they can access the application.', 'start': 14509.672, 'duration': 4.743}, {'end': 14516.675, 'text': 'The second is threat assessment.', 'start': 14515.575, 'duration': 1.1}, {'end': 14523.318, 'text': 'A list of sensitive assets to safeguard will assist you in understanding the threat to your firm and how to minimize them.', 'start': 14517.616, 'duration': 5.702}, {'end': 14533.363, 'text': 'Considering how a hacker can infiltrate an application if existing security protections are in place and whether additional tools or defense capabilities are required.', 'start': 14524.179, 'duration': 9.184}, {'end': 14536.124, 'text': "it's also crucial to keep your security expectations in check.", 'start': 14533.363, 'duration': 2.761}], 'summary': 'Clients must pass through web application firewall; assess threats, safeguard assets, and evaluate security expectations.', 'duration': 26.452, 'max_score': 14509.672, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE14509672.jpg'}], 'start': 13960.718, 'title': 'Network security benefits', 'summary': 'Discusses the benefits of network security, including protection against external and internal threats, increased productivity, brand trust and reputation, and the importance of cryptography in safeguarding data. it emphasizes the need for cybersecurity measures to prevent financial loss, minimize downtime, retain customer loyalty, and secure personal information.', 'chapters': [{'end': 14441.186, 'start': 13960.718, 'title': 'Application security: threats and protections', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of a global email disruption, the rising importance of application security, and the various types of application security threats and their potential vulnerabilities, such as cryptographic failure, injection attacks, outdated components, and authentication failures.', 'duration': 480.468, 'highlights': ['Almost 1 million email accounts were disrupted worldwide, causing agency overload and internet traffic slowdown. The disruption affected almost 1 million email accounts globally, leading to agency shutdowns and internet traffic slowdowns.', 'Application security is increasingly crucial for all aspects of app development, from design to deployment and beyond. Security is no longer an afterthought in software development and has become essential for all stages of app development.', 'Application security mechanisms must be capable of testing web pages for potential vulnerabilities and providing easy installation for system administrators globally. Security mechanisms need to test web pages for vulnerabilities and be easily installable for global system administrators.', 'The three major types of application security are web application security, API security, and cloud-native application security. The types include web application security, API security, and cloud-native application security, each addressing different security concerns.', 'Common vulnerabilities in application security include cryptographic failure, injection attacks, outdated components, and authentication failures. The common vulnerabilities encompass cryptographic failure, injection attacks, outdated components, and authentication failures.']}, {'end': 14722.103, 'start': 14441.186, 'title': 'Cybersecurity protection mechanisms', 'summary': 'Covers web application firewall, threat assessment, privilege management, and network security as crucial protection mechanisms against cyber attacks, emphasizing the importance of least-privileged principle and the multi-layered defense strategy.', 'duration': 280.917, 'highlights': ['Web application firewall acts as a barrier in front of a web application, protecting it from the internet, defending against attacks like cross-site scripting and file intrusion. Protection against various application layer attacks, including cross-site scripting and file intrusion.', 'The least-privileged principle is crucial for limiting access to programs and data, minimizing the harm that insiders or external adversaries can cause to the organization. Significance of least-privileged principle in limiting access to sensitive systems and minimizing harm from internal and external threats.', 'Network security infrastructure offers multiple levels of protection to thwart man-in-the-middle attacks and ensures data security during transfer over the network. Importance of network security in protecting data during transfer and preventing man-in-the-middle attacks.', 'Effective network security strategies employ multiple lines of defense that are scalable and automated, aiming at securing the confidentiality and accessibility of the data and the network. Emphasis on scalable and automated network security strategies for securing data and network confidentiality and accessibility.']}, {'end': 15114.923, 'start': 14722.984, 'title': 'Understanding network security', 'summary': 'Introduces the basics of network security, explaining processes like authentication and authorization, different types of network security, and tools like firewalls, vpn, intrusion prevention systems, and behavioral analytics.', 'duration': 391.939, 'highlights': ["Firewalls serve as network security's first line of defense and provide a barrier between trustworthy internal networks and shady external networks like the internet. Firewalls are crucial for network security, serving as the first line of defense and regulating incoming and outgoing traffic.", 'Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology provides an encrypted connection for secure transmission of sensitive data, commonly used in both corporate and personal networks. VPN technology enables secure transmission of data and facilitates remote work for users in corporate and personal networks.', 'Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) continually scan the network for harmful activity and take action against it, making it more sophisticated than an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) are crucial for network security as they actively scan for and respond to harmful activities, distinguishing them from Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS).', 'Behavioral analytics focus on the statistics stored through months and years of usage, providing insights into user behavior and aiding in identifying potential security threats. Behavioral analytics play a critical role in network security by analyzing stored statistics to identify potential security threats and understand user behavior.', 'Network security revolves around two processes: authentication, which ensures that only authorized users can access the network, and authorization, which determines the level of access for authenticated users based on their roles. Network security processes include authentication and authorization, ensuring only authorized users access the network and determining their access levels based on roles.']}, {'end': 15358.3, 'start': 15115.664, 'title': 'Network security benefits', 'summary': 'Discusses the benefits of network security, including protection against external and internal threats, increased productivity, brand trust and reputation, and the importance of cryptography in safeguarding data. it emphasizes the need for cybersecurity measures to prevent financial loss, minimize downtime, retain customer loyalty, and secure personal information.', 'duration': 242.636, 'highlights': ['Protection against external and internal threats A strong cybersecurity posture can help identify and respond to attacks, with routine software updates and proactive monitoring to mitigate potential expensive disasters.', 'Increased productivity through cybersecurity measures Implementing cybersecurity measures such as enhanced firewalls, virus scanning, automatic backups, and employee education can minimize violations and downtime, allowing for smooth business operations.', 'Brand trust and reputation Customer retention and business development are influenced by a strong cybersecurity stance, which also helps in gaining opportunities for future endeavors and development.', 'Importance of cryptography in safeguarding personal information The rise in censorship and privacy concerns emphasizes the need to understand and implement cryptography to balance data security and technological advancements.']}], 'duration': 1397.582, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE13960718.jpg', 'highlights': ['Application security is crucial for all aspects of app development, from design to deployment.', 'Network security infrastructure offers multiple levels of protection to thwart man-in-the-middle attacks.', "Firewalls serve as network security's first line of defense and provide a barrier between trustworthy internal networks and shady external networks.", 'Behavioral analytics play a critical role in network security by analyzing stored statistics to identify potential security threats and understand user behavior.', 'Implementing cybersecurity measures can minimize violations and downtime, allowing for smooth business operations.']}, {'end': 16441.313, 'segs': [{'end': 15473.884, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15448.922, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 15457.926, 'text': 'For example, when simply learn is jumbled up or changed in any format, not many people can guess the original word by looking at the encrypted text.', 'start': 15448.922, 'duration': 9.004}, {'end': 15465.289, 'text': 'The only ones who can are the people who know how to decrypt the coded word, thereby reversing the process of encryption.', 'start': 15458.566, 'duration': 6.723}, {'end': 15471.923, 'text': 'Any data pre-encryption is called plain text or clear text.', 'start': 15467.6, 'duration': 4.323}, {'end': 15473.884, 'text': 'To encrypt the message.', 'start': 15472.563, 'duration': 1.321}], 'summary': 'Encryption makes it difficult to guess the original word, only decryptors can reverse the process.', 'duration': 24.962, 'max_score': 15448.922, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE15448922.jpg'}, {'end': 15575.792, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15531.147, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 15539.06, 'text': 'Wonder what else we would lose if not for cryptography? Any website where you have an account can read your passwords.', 'start': 15531.147, 'duration': 7.913}, {'end': 15544.907, 'text': 'Important emails can be intercepted and their contents can be read without encryption during the transit.', 'start': 15539.641, 'duration': 5.266}, {'end': 15552.476, 'text': 'More than 65 billion messages are sent on WhatsApp every day, all of which are secured thanks to end-to-end encryption.', 'start': 15545.568, 'duration': 6.908}, {'end': 15556.719, 'text': 'There is a huge market opening up for cryptocurrency,', 'start': 15553.377, 'duration': 3.342}, {'end': 15564.304, 'text': 'which is possible due to blockchain technology that uses encryption algorithms and hashing functions to ensure that the data is secure.', 'start': 15556.719, 'duration': 7.585}, {'end': 15570.469, 'text': 'If this is of particular interest to you, you can watch our video on blockchain, the link of which will be in the description.', 'start': 15564.925, 'duration': 5.544}, {'end': 15575.792, 'text': 'Of course, there is no single solution to a problem as diverse as explained.', 'start': 15571.469, 'duration': 4.323}], 'summary': 'Cryptography safeguards passwords, emails, and whatsapp messages, with over 65 billion messages sent daily, while blockchain enables secure cryptocurrency transactions.', 'duration': 44.645, 'max_score': 15531.147, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE15531147.jpg'}, {'end': 15906.516, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15880.923, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 15885.807, 'text': 'The calculations that do the job of messing up the data collection form the hash function.', 'start': 15880.923, 'duration': 4.884}, {'end': 15895.991, 'text': 'They are generally not reversible without resilient brute force mechanisms and are very helpful when storing data on website servers that need not be stored in plain text.', 'start': 15886.508, 'duration': 9.483}, {'end': 15904.033, 'text': 'For example, many websites store your account passwords in a hashed format so that not even the administrator can read your credentials.', 'start': 15896.611, 'duration': 7.422}, {'end': 15906.516, 'text': 'When a user tries to log in,', 'start': 15904.713, 'duration': 1.803}], 'summary': 'Hash functions secure data on website servers, making it unreadable to unauthorized users.', 'duration': 25.593, 'max_score': 15880.923, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE15880923.jpg'}, {'end': 16036.506, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16011.022, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 16016.286, 'text': 'As we already know, RSA encryption algorithm falls under the umbrella of asymmetric key cryptography.', 'start': 16011.022, 'duration': 5.264}, {'end': 16022.371, 'text': 'That basically implies that we have two keys at play here, a public key and a private key.', 'start': 16017.227, 'duration': 5.144}, {'end': 16031.462, 'text': 'Typically, the public key is used by the sender to encrypt the message and the private key is used by the receiver to decrypt the message.', 'start': 16024.636, 'duration': 6.826}, {'end': 16036.506, 'text': 'There are some occasions when this allocation is reversed and we will have a look at them as well.', 'start': 16032.262, 'duration': 4.244}], 'summary': 'Rsa encryption uses public and private keys for secure communication.', 'duration': 25.484, 'max_score': 16011.022, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE16011022.jpg'}, {'end': 16248.073, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16217.538, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 16220.279, 'text': 'This is done mostly to validate the origin of the message.', 'start': 16217.538, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 16227.481, 'text': 'Since the keys only work in pairs, if a different private key is used to encrypt the message, the public key cannot decrypt it.', 'start': 16220.839, 'duration': 6.642}, {'end': 16235.964, 'text': 'Conversely, if the public key is able to decrypt the message, it must have been encrypted with the right private key and hence the rightful owner.', 'start': 16228.042, 'duration': 7.922}, {'end': 16244.33, 'text': 'Here we just have to take the private key and use that to encrypt the plaintext and select the same in this checkbox as well.', 'start': 16236.824, 'duration': 7.506}, {'end': 16248.073, 'text': 'You can see we have generated a completely new ciphertext.', 'start': 16245.09, 'duration': 2.983}], 'summary': 'Using private key to encrypt message ensures rightful owner; generates new ciphertext.', 'duration': 30.535, 'max_score': 16217.538, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE16217538.jpg'}], 'start': 15358.88, 'title': 'Cryptography and its applications', 'summary': 'Explains the significance of cryptography in preventing unauthorized access, securing data transmission, and its relevance in modern technologies such as cryptocurrency and blockchain. it also explores symmetric encryption, asymmetric encryption, hashing, and the historical use of cryptography, emphasizing the practical application of rsa encryption and the importance of encryption in securing data on the internet.', 'chapters': [{'end': 15575.792, 'start': 15358.88, 'title': 'Importance of cryptography', 'summary': 'Explains the importance and usage of cryptography, including how it prevents unauthorized access, its role in securing data transmission, and its relevance in modern technologies such as cryptocurrency and blockchain.', 'duration': 216.912, 'highlights': ['Cryptography prevents unauthorized access and secures data transmission Cryptography is the science of encrypting or decrypting information to prevent unauthorized access and allows the secure storage and transmission of data between willing parties.', 'Usage of cryptography in securing data transmission More than 65 billion messages are sent on WhatsApp every day, all of which are secured thanks to end-to-end encryption.', 'Role of cryptography in modern technologies such as cryptocurrency and blockchain There is a huge market opening up for cryptocurrency, which is possible due to blockchain technology that uses encryption algorithms and hashing functions to ensure that the data is secure.', 'Importance of using reputed websites with encrypted transactions and cryptography Had she used a reputed website which has encrypted transactions and employs cryptography, our iPhone enthusiasts could have avoided this particular incident.', 'Explanation of encryption and decryption processes Encryption is the primary route for employing cryptography by adding certain algorithms to jumble up the data. Decryption is the process of reversing the work done by encrypting information so that the data becomes readable again.']}, {'end': 15916.97, 'start': 15576.332, 'title': 'Cryptography: symmetric, asymmetric, hashing', 'summary': 'Explores symmetric encryption, asymmetric encryption, and hashing in cryptography. symmetric encryption uses a single key for fast data transmission, while asymmetric encryption employs two keys for secure communication. hashing scrambles data for secure storage and authentication, with examples such as aes-256, rsa, and password hashing.', 'duration': 340.638, 'highlights': ['Symmetric encryption uses AES-256 as the most widely used algorithm, ensuring fast data transmission with a 256-bit key size. AES-256 is the leading symmetric encryption algorithm with a 256-bit key size, providing fast data transmission.', 'Asymmetric encryption, exemplified by RSA, employs two keys for secure communication in web browsing, secure identification, VPNs, emails, and chat applications. RSA encryption, a widely used asymmetric encryption standard, uses two keys for secure communication in various applications.', 'Hashing is employed for secure data storage, with websites storing account passwords in hashed format to prevent unauthorized access. Hashing is used for secure data storage, with passwords stored in hashed format to prevent unauthorized access.']}, {'end': 16441.313, 'start': 15918.817, 'title': 'History and application of cryptography', 'summary': 'Explores the historical use of cryptography, including the caesar cipher and the enigma machine, along with a detailed explanation of rsa encryption and its practical application, emphasizing the importance of encryption in securing data on the internet.', 'duration': 522.496, 'highlights': ['The chapter explores the historical use of cryptography, including the Caesar cipher and the Enigma machine It mentions the historical use of cryptography by Julius Caesar and the Nazi German armies in World Wars, highlighting the substitution shift and the functioning of the Enigma machine.', 'Provides a detailed explanation of RSA encryption and its practical application It explains the RSA encryption algorithm, asymmetric key cryptography, key size selection, key generation process, encryption using public and private keys, and the validation of message origin through the use of private and public keys.', 'Emphasizes the importance of encryption in securing data on the internet It illustrates the significance of encryption in securing data while browsing the internet, using the example of HTTPS websites and the vulnerability of HTTP webpages without encryption.']}], 'duration': 1082.433, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE15358880.jpg', 'highlights': ['More than 65 billion messages are sent on WhatsApp every day, all of which are secured thanks to end-to-end encryption.', 'There is a huge market opening up for cryptocurrency, which is possible due to blockchain technology that uses encryption algorithms and hashing functions to ensure that the data is secure.', 'Had she used a reputed website which has encrypted transactions and employs cryptography, our iPhone enthusiasts could have avoided this particular incident.', 'Symmetric encryption uses AES-256 as the most widely used algorithm, ensuring fast data transmission with a 256-bit key size.', 'Asymmetric encryption, exemplified by RSA, employs two keys for secure communication in web browsing, secure identification, VPNs, emails, and chat applications.', 'The chapter explores the historical use of cryptography, including the Caesar cipher and the Enigma machine It mentions the historical use of cryptography by Julius Caesar and the Nazi German armies in World Wars, highlighting the substitution shift and the functioning of the Enigma machine.', 'It explains the RSA encryption algorithm, asymmetric key cryptography, key size selection, key generation process, encryption using public and private keys, and the validation of message origin through the use of private and public keys.']}, {'end': 18436.529, 'segs': [{'end': 16535.241, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16508.324, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 16513.725, 'text': 'With so many aspects of banking moving on to the internet, having a reliable safety net is crucial.', 'start': 16508.324, 'duration': 5.401}, {'end': 16520.488, 'text': 'Symmetric cryptography helps in detecting bank fraud and boosts the security index of these payment gateways in general.', 'start': 16514.426, 'duration': 6.062}, {'end': 16527.895, 'text': 'They are also helpful in protecting data that is not in transit and rests on servers and data centers.', 'start': 16522.348, 'duration': 5.547}, {'end': 16535.241, 'text': 'These centers house a massive amount of data that needs to be encrypted with a fast and efficient algorithm so that,', 'start': 16528.676, 'duration': 6.565}], 'summary': 'Symmetric cryptography enhances banking security and protects data at rest, boosting fraud detection and overall payment gateway security.', 'duration': 26.917, 'max_score': 16508.324, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE16508324.jpg'}, {'end': 16579.164, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16549.629, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 16553.731, 'text': 'It plays a significant role in verifying website server authenticity,', 'start': 16549.629, 'duration': 4.102}, {'end': 16560.455, 'text': 'exchanging the necessary encryption keys required and generating a session using those keys to ensure maximum security.', 'start': 16553.731, 'duration': 6.724}, {'end': 16565.338, 'text': 'This helps us in preventing the rather insecure HTTP website format.', 'start': 16561.256, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 16572.418, 'text': 'So let us understand how symmetric key cryptography works first before moving on to the specific algorithms.', 'start': 16566.854, 'duration': 5.564}, {'end': 16579.164, 'text': 'Symmetric key cryptography relies on a single key for the encryption and decryption of information.', 'start': 16574.22, 'duration': 4.944}], 'summary': 'Symmetric key cryptography ensures server authenticity and security by generating encryption keys for secure session.', 'duration': 29.535, 'max_score': 16549.629, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE16549629.jpg'}, {'end': 17263.369, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 17231.729, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 17235.655, 'text': 'The Shannon structure highlights the implementation of alternate confusion and diffusion.', 'start': 17231.729, 'duration': 3.926}, {'end': 17242.14, 'text': 'And like we already discussed, the Fistel cipher structure can be completely reversed depending on the data.', 'start': 17236.758, 'duration': 5.382}, {'end': 17248.123, 'text': 'However, we must consider the fact that to decrypt the information by reversing the Fistel structure,', 'start': 17242.76, 'duration': 5.363}, {'end': 17251.544, 'text': 'we will need the exact polynomial functions and the key orders.', 'start': 17248.123, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 17257.266, 'text': 'To understand how the blocks are being calculated,', 'start': 17253.885, 'duration': 3.381}, {'end': 17263.369, 'text': 'we take a plaintext which is of 64-bit and that is later divided into two equal halves of 32-bit each.', 'start': 17257.266, 'duration': 6.103}], 'summary': 'Shannon and fistel ciphers use confusion, diffusion; 64-bit plaintext divided into two 32-bit halves', 'duration': 31.64, 'max_score': 17231.729, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE17231729.jpg'}, {'end': 17400.384, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 17374.751, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 17380.813, 'text': "Modern ciphers need to use 128-bit keys due to the increasing complexity of today's computational standards.", 'start': 17374.751, 'duration': 6.062}, {'end': 17385.995, 'text': 'The increasing number of rounds also increase the security of the block cipher.', 'start': 17382.294, 'duration': 3.701}, {'end': 17390.016, 'text': 'Similarly, they are inversely proportional to the speed of encryption.', 'start': 17386.715, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 17396.26, 'text': 'A highly complex round function enhances the security of the block cipher.', 'start': 17392.577, 'duration': 3.683}, {'end': 17400.384, 'text': 'However, we must maintain a balance between the speed and security.', 'start': 17396.28, 'duration': 4.104}], 'summary': 'Modern ciphers require 128-bit keys, with increasing rounds for enhanced security while maintaining speed balance.', 'duration': 25.633, 'max_score': 17374.751, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE17374751.jpg'}, {'end': 17473.896, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 17445.032, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 17450.774, 'text': 'And since we are talking about asymmetric algorithms, the same key is being used when it is decrypting the data as well.', 'start': 17445.032, 'duration': 5.742}, {'end': 17458.517, 'text': 'We first take a 64-bit plaintext and we pass it through an initial permutation function.', 'start': 17453.475, 'duration': 5.042}, {'end': 17466.6, 'text': 'The initial permutation function has the job of dividing the block into two different parts so that we can perform fissile cipher structures on it.', 'start': 17459.157, 'duration': 7.443}, {'end': 17473.896, 'text': 'There are multiple rounds being procured in the DES algorithm, namely 16 rounds of Fistel cipher structure.', 'start': 17468.271, 'duration': 5.625}], 'summary': 'Des algorithm divides 64-bit plaintext, uses 16 rounds of fistel cipher.', 'duration': 28.864, 'max_score': 17445.032, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE17445032.jpg'}, {'end': 17668.873, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 17644.463, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 17651.186, 'text': 'Encryption power is related to the size of the key, and DES found itself a victim of ongoing technological advances in computing.', 'start': 17644.463, 'duration': 6.723}, {'end': 17657.408, 'text': 'we have received a point where 56-bit was no longer a challenge to the computers of tracking.', 'start': 17651.846, 'duration': 5.562}, {'end': 17663.971, 'text': 'Note that because DS is no longer the NIST federal standard, it does not mean that it is no longer in use.', 'start': 17658.209, 'duration': 5.762}, {'end': 17668.873, 'text': 'Triple DS is still used today and is still considered a legacy encryption algorithm.', 'start': 17664.531, 'duration': 4.342}], 'summary': 'Des encryption strength surpassed by technological advances, now considered legacy algorithm.', 'duration': 24.41, 'max_score': 17644.463, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE17644463.jpg'}, {'end': 18239.273, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 18214.688, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 18221.012, 'text': 'This step is performed only once on a block while being repeated at the end of each round as per iteration demands.', 'start': 18214.688, 'duration': 6.324}, {'end': 18228.756, 'text': 'The state array is XORed with the key to get a new state array, which is then passed over as input to the sub bytes process.', 'start': 18222.292, 'duration': 6.464}, {'end': 18232.952, 'text': 'In the second stage, we have byte substitution.', 'start': 18230.751, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 18239.273, 'text': 'We leverage an xbox called as a substitution box to randomly switch data among each element.', 'start': 18233.792, 'duration': 5.481}], 'summary': 'Xor key with state array, pass to sub bytes process, use substitution box for data switching.', 'duration': 24.585, 'max_score': 18214.688, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE18214688.jpg'}, {'end': 18337.586, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 18310.567, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 18315.329, 'text': 'The function takes 4 bytes of a column as input and outputs 4 completely new bytes.', 'start': 18310.567, 'duration': 4.762}, {'end': 18325.316, 'text': 'We will get a new matrix with the same size of 16 bytes and it should be noted that this phase has not been done in the last round of the iteration.', 'start': 18316.769, 'duration': 8.547}, {'end': 18337.586, 'text': 'When it comes to adding a round key, the 16 bytes of the matrix are treated as 128 bits and the 128 bits of the round key are XORed.', 'start': 18329.659, 'duration': 7.927}], 'summary': 'Function transforms 4 bytes to 4 new bytes, creating a 16-byte matrix; round key is xored with the 128-bit matrix.', 'duration': 27.019, 'max_score': 18310.567, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE18310567.jpg'}], 'start': 16442.534, 'title': 'Symmetric key cryptography', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of symmetric key cryptography in securing online transactions, highlighting its applications in banking and securing https websites, and discusses the decline of des due to technological advances and the dominance of aes since 2002.', 'chapters': [{'end': 16714.359, 'start': 16442.534, 'title': 'Symmetric key cryptography', 'summary': 'Highlights the importance of symmetric key cryptography in securing online transactions, emphasizing its applications in banking, protection of data at rest, and securing https websites, while also emphasizing the need for secrecy of the encryption key to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information.', 'duration': 271.825, 'highlights': ['Symmetric key cryptography is crucial for securing online banking transactions and detecting bank fraud, contributing to an overall boost in security for payment gateways.', 'The importance of secrecy of the encryption key in symmetric key cryptography is emphasized as any unauthorized access to the key could lead to interception and decryption of sensitive information.', 'Symmetric key cryptography plays a significant role in securing HTTPS websites, ensuring website server authenticity, exchanging necessary encryption keys, and generating secure sessions for maximum security.', 'The chapter explains the working principle of symmetric key cryptography, emphasizing the need for both sender and receiver to possess the pre-shared secret key for encryption and decryption of information.', 'The potential risks associated with the use of a single key for encryption and decryption in symmetric key cryptography are highlighted, emphasizing the need to keep the key secret to prevent unauthorized access to encrypted messages.']}, {'end': 16972.948, 'start': 16715.039, 'title': 'Symmetric vs asymmetric encryption', 'summary': 'Explains symmetric and asymmetric encryption, emphasizing on stream and block ciphers in symmetric key cryptography, highlighting their speed, efficiency, and suitability for bulk data encryption.', 'duration': 257.909, 'highlights': ['Symmetric key cryptography is faster and more efficient than asymmetric encryption, making it suitable for handling bulk data and improving latency during data recall. Symmetric key cryptography is much faster variant when compared to asymmetric key cryptography. There is only one key in play unlike asymmetric encryption and this drastically improves calculation speed in the encryption and decryption. Similarly, the performance of symmetric encryption is much more efficient under similar computational limitations. Fewer calculations help in better memory management for the whole system. Bulk amounts of data that need to be encrypted are very well suited for symmetric algorithms. Since they are much quicker, handling large amounts of data is simple and easy to use in servers and data farms. This helps in better latency during data recall and fewer mixed packets.', "Stream ciphers encrypt basic information one bit at a time and are relatively quicker due to their ability to handle data one bit at a time, popular examples include RC4, Salsa, and Panama. Stream ciphers are the algorithms that encrypt basic information one bit at a time. It can change depending on the algorithm being used but usually it relies on a single bit or byte to do the encryption. This is the relatively quicker alternative considering the algorithm doesn't have to deal with blocks of data at a single time. Every piece of data that goes into the encryption can and needs to be converted into binary format. In stream ciphers, each binary digit is encrypted one after the other. The most popular ones are the RC4, Salsa and Panama.", 'Block ciphers break the plaintext into fixed-size blocks and encrypt them individually, leading to a slower process but better tamper-proofing, widely used in popular algorithms like AES, DES, and 3DES. On the other hand, block ciphers dissect the raw information into chunks of data of fixed size. The size of these blocks depend on the exact cipher being used. A 128-bit block cipher will break the plaintext into blocks of 128-bit each and encrypt those blocks instead of a single digit. Once these blocks are encrypted individually, they are chained together to form a final ciphertext. Block ciphers are much slower, but they are more tamper-proof and are used in some of the most widely used algorithms employed today.']}, {'end': 17190.258, 'start': 16972.948, 'title': 'Evolution of des and triple des', 'summary': 'Explains the origin, structure, and vulnerabilities of the data encryption standard (des), its replacement by triple des, and the subsequent development and replacement by the advanced encryption standard (aes), highlighting the 64-bit block encryption, 48-bit key usage, and its eventual replacement in 2002.', 'duration': 217.31, 'highlights': ['DES is a symmetric key cipher that encrypts information in 64-bit blocks and uses 48-bit keys during encryption, with 16 rounds of the Fistel structure, and was eventually replaced by Triple DES and later by the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).', 'Triple DES, a symmetric key block cipher that uses a double DES cipher, was introduced as a more secure alternative to DES, but was considered too slow for fast communication channels, leading to a public competition for a new global encryption standard.', "The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) replaced DES as the standard for data encryption in 2002, following a public competition, marking the end of DES's rule as the standard for data security and encryption."]}, {'end': 17604.668, 'start': 17192.97, 'title': 'Fistel cipher and des', 'summary': 'Discusses the structure and functioning of the fistel cipher, the basis of many symmetric block ciphers such as des, including its features, implementation, and impact on encryption speed and security.', 'duration': 411.698, 'highlights': ['The Feistel cipher is based on the Shannon structure proposed in 1945 and is the backbone of many symmetric block ciphers. The Feistel cipher, based on the Shannon structure, is the foundation of numerous symmetric block ciphers, demonstrating its crucial role in cryptographic systems.', 'DES operates through 16 rounds of the Feistel cipher structure, using a 64-bit plaintext and key generation for each round to achieve encryption and decryption. DES functions through 16 rounds of the Feistel cipher, employing 64-bit plaintext and unique key generation for each round, showcasing its extensive encryption and decryption process.', 'Modern ciphers require 128-bit keys due to computational complexity, with increasing round numbers enhancing security but inversely impacting encryption speed. Modern ciphers necessitate 128-bit keys due to computational complexity, with more rounds enhancing security while reducing encryption speed.']}, {'end': 17832.254, 'start': 17604.668, 'title': 'Future of triple des encryption', 'summary': 'Discusses the decline of the data encryption standard (des) due to technological advances, the dominance of advanced encryption standard (aes) since 2002, and the continued use of triple des encryption for sensitive government information until 2030. it also explains the process of encryption, key generation, mode of operation, and the efficiency of base64 format for ciphertext.', 'duration': 227.586, 'highlights': ['The dominance of DES ended in 2002 when the Advanced Encryption Standard replaced the DES encryption algorithm as the accepted standard. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) replaced DES in 2002, marking the decline of DES.', 'NIST officially withdrew the Global Acceptance Standard in May 2005, although Triple DES has approved for some sensitive government information through 2030. Triple DES is approved for sensitive government information through 2030, despite the withdrawal of the Global Acceptance Standard.', 'Encryption power is related to the size of the key, and DES found itself a victim of ongoing technological advances in computing. DES key length became inadequate due to technological advances in computing, impacting its encryption power.', 'Base64 is a little more efficient than hex, so we will be getting a smaller ciphertext when it comes to base64. Base64 format is more efficient than hex, resulting in a smaller ciphertext, although the size of both formats will be the same.', 'As you can see, the decryption is complete and we get a plain text back. The decryption process is demonstrated, resulting in the recovery of plain text from ciphertext using the same key, mode of operation, and encoding format.']}, {'end': 18436.529, 'start': 17833.175, 'title': 'Evolution of aes algorithm', 'summary': 'Discusses the evolution of encryption algorithms, highlighting the vulnerabilities of des, the introduction of the aes algorithm as a replacement, its unique features like the sp network and the transformation steps, and the increased security provided by its 128, 192, and 256-bit key sizes.', 'duration': 603.354, 'highlights': ['The need for a stronger algorithm was necessary to safeguard personal data, leading to the introduction of the AES algorithm to replace the vulnerable DES, offering security through its 128, 192, and 256-bit key sizes. The chapter emphasizes the necessity for a stronger encryption algorithm due to the vulnerabilities of DES, leading to the introduction of the AES algorithm with its 128, 192, and 256-bit key sizes.', 'The AES algorithm is a symmetric block cipher with a block size of 128 bits, implemented worldwide to encrypt sensitive data, providing increased security. It is highlighted that the AES algorithm, functioning as a symmetric block cipher with a 128-bit block size, is globally implemented for encrypting sensitive data, enhancing security measures.', 'The AES algorithm utilizes a substitution permutation network (SP network) and operates through multiple rounds, varying in number based on the key size, with 10 rounds for a 128-bit key, 12 rounds for a 192-bit key, and 14 rounds for a 256-bit key. The chapter explains the utilization of a substitution permutation network in the AES algorithm, operating through multiple rounds depending on the key size, with 10 rounds for a 128-bit key, 12 rounds for a 192-bit key, and 14 rounds for a 256-bit key, thus enhancing security.', 'The transformation steps of the AES algorithm involve the manipulation of data through processes such as byte substitution, row shifting, mixed columns, and the addition of a round key, contributing to the complexity and security of the encryption process. The detailed transformation steps of the AES algorithm, including byte substitution, row shifting, mixed columns, and the addition of a round key, are highlighted as integral processes enhancing the complexity and security of the encryption mechanism.']}], 'duration': 1993.995, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE16442534.jpg', 'highlights': ['The AES algorithm, functioning as a symmetric block cipher with a 128-bit block size, is globally implemented for encrypting sensitive data, enhancing security measures.', 'The chapter emphasizes the necessity for a stronger encryption algorithm due to the vulnerabilities of DES, leading to the introduction of the AES algorithm with its 128, 192, and 256-bit key sizes.', 'The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) replaced DES in 2002, marking the decline of DES.', 'Symmetric key cryptography is crucial for securing online banking transactions and detecting bank fraud, contributing to an overall boost in security for payment gateways.', 'Symmetric key cryptography plays a significant role in securing HTTPS websites, ensuring website server authenticity, exchanging necessary encryption keys, and generating secure sessions for maximum security.', 'Modern ciphers necessitate 128-bit keys due to computational complexity, with more rounds enhancing security while reducing encryption speed.', 'Triple DES is approved for sensitive government information through 2030, despite the withdrawal of the Global Acceptance Standard.', 'The potential risks associated with the use of a single key for encryption and decryption in symmetric key cryptography are highlighted, emphasizing the need to keep the key secret to prevent unauthorized access to encrypted messages.', 'The importance of secrecy of the encryption key in symmetric key cryptography is emphasized as any unauthorized access to the key could lead to interception and decryption of sensitive information.', 'The chapter explains the working principle of symmetric key cryptography, emphasizing the need for both sender and receiver to possess the pre-shared secret key for encryption and decryption of information.']}, {'end': 20060.07, 'segs': [{'end': 18712.68, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 18671.03, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 18677.275, 'text': 'The sender of the message, as well as the receiver need to have the same decryption key so that they can exchange messages.', 'start': 18671.03, 'duration': 6.245}, {'end': 18682.079, 'text': 'Otherwise, Ryan cannot decrypt the information even when he receives the ciphertext.', 'start': 18677.835, 'duration': 4.244}, {'end': 18687.423, 'text': 'If someone intercepts the key while transmitting it, there is no use in employing cryptography,', 'start': 18682.779, 'duration': 4.644}, {'end': 18690.145, 'text': 'since the third party can now decode all the information easily.', 'start': 18687.423, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 18695.269, 'text': 'Key sharing is a risk that will always exist when symmetric key cryptography is being used.', 'start': 18690.945, 'duration': 4.324}, {'end': 18699.632, 'text': 'Thankfully, asymmetric key encryption has managed to fix this problem.', 'start': 18695.989, 'duration': 3.643}, {'end': 18704.996, 'text': 'This is Babab from Simply Learn and welcome to this video on asymmetric key cryptography.', 'start': 18700.913, 'duration': 4.083}, {'end': 18707.778, 'text': "Let's take a look at what we are going to learn today.", 'start': 18705.837, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 18712.68, 'text': 'We begin by explaining what asymmetric key cryptography is and how it works.', 'start': 18708.578, 'duration': 4.102}], 'summary': 'Symmetric key cryptography has key sharing risk, solved by asymmetric key encryption. this is babab from simply learn introducing asymmetric key cryptography.', 'duration': 41.65, 'max_score': 18671.03, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE18671030.jpg'}, {'end': 19069.63, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 19036.164, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 19039.427, 'text': 'Let us understand why asymmetric falls under the public key cryptography.', 'start': 19036.164, 'duration': 3.263}, {'end': 19042.35, 'text': 'We have two keys at our disposal.', 'start': 19040.789, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 19045.193, 'text': 'The encryption key is available to everyone.', 'start': 19043.071, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 19048.276, 'text': 'The decryption key is supposed to be private.', 'start': 19046.294, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 19056.078, 'text': 'Unlike symmetric key cryptography, there is no need to share anything privately to have an encrypted messaging system.', 'start': 19050.293, 'duration': 5.785}, {'end': 19061.563, 'text': 'To put that into perspective, we share our email address with anyone looking to communicate with us.', 'start': 19056.739, 'duration': 4.824}, {'end': 19069.63, 'text': 'It is supposed to be public by design so that our email login credentials are private and they help in preventing any data mishandling.', 'start': 19062.204, 'duration': 7.426}], 'summary': 'Asymmetric cryptography uses public and private keys, enabling secure communication without the need for private key sharing.', 'duration': 33.466, 'max_score': 19036.164, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE19036164.jpg'}], 'start': 18437.29, 'title': 'Cryptography techniques', 'summary': 'Covers aes encryption, its applications in security, asymmetric key cryptography, rsa and dsa algorithms, and a comparison between dsa and rsa encryption, highlighting key advantages and applications of each technique.', 'chapters': [{'end': 18629.118, 'start': 18437.29, 'title': 'Applications of aes in security', 'summary': 'Explains the process of aes encryption, its applications in wireless security, ssl/tls encryption, and file encryption, as well as the advantages of aes over des, including key length, block size, and number of rounds.', 'duration': 191.828, 'highlights': ['AES encryption is widely used in wireless security for establishing secure authentication between routers and clients, as well as in SSL/TLS encryption for securing internet browser sessions. Wireless security, SSL/TLS encryption', 'AES is prevalent in general file encryption of various formats, enabling encryption of critical documents and media files with a large key for maximum security. File encryption, large key for security', 'AES is also used for processor security in hardware appliances to prevent machine hijacking and is considered more streamlined for deployment in frameworks and systems worldwide compared to DES. Processor security, streamlined deployment', 'The advantages of AES over DES include larger key lengths of 128, 192, and 256 bits, larger block size, and a variable number of rounds depending on the key length, enhancing randomness and complexity. Advantages over DES, larger key lengths, larger block size, variable number of rounds']}, {'end': 19077.317, 'start': 18629.398, 'title': 'Asymmetric key cryptography', 'summary': 'Discusses asymmetric key cryptography, which uses a pair of public and private keys to provide secure communication, ensuring that the private key need not be shared, and it has various applications such as digital signatures and securing online transactions.', 'duration': 447.919, 'highlights': ['Asymmetric key cryptography uses a public key to encrypt information pre-transit and a private key to decrypt data post-transit, eliminating the need for key exchange during the transmission process. This eliminates the need for key exchange during the transmission process, ensuring secure communication and preventing interception of the private key.', "Asymmetric key cryptography enables the management of digital signatures, providing valid proof of a document's authenticity, and is extensively used in blockchain architecture to authorize transactions and maintain system stability. It provides valid proof of a document's authenticity and authorizes transactions in blockchain architecture, contributing to system stability.", 'Asymmetric key cryptography combined with symmetric key cryptography is used to monitor SSL or TLS encrypted browsing sessions, ensuring maximum security and verifying website server authenticity. It ensures maximum security in SSL or TLS encrypted browsing sessions and verifies website server authenticity, enhancing data security.', 'Asymmetric key cryptography is utilized for transmitting keys for symmetric key cryptography, addressing the difficulty of key exchange in symmetric encryption, making the process more memory efficient and secure. It addresses the difficulty of key exchange in symmetric encryption, making the process more memory efficient and secure, enhancing data security.']}, {'end': 19718.973, 'start': 19079.701, 'title': 'Rsa and dsa algorithms in cryptography', 'summary': 'Explains the rsa encryption and dsa algorithm in cryptography, highlighting the advantages of asymmetric key cryptography, the process of digital signatures, and the functionality of the dsa algorithm, emphasizing the importance of digital signatures in data authentication and verification.', 'duration': 639.272, 'highlights': ['RSA encryption is the most widely used encryption standard using asymmetric approach with extensive key lengths like 2048 bits and 4096 bits, providing a high level of security. RSA encryption provides extensive key lengths such as 2048 bits and 4096 bits, making it much harder to break into via brute force and ensuring higher security.', 'Asymmetric key cryptography eliminates the need for a reliable key sharing channel, enhancing security and reducing risks. Asymmetric key cryptography removes the need for a reliable key sharing channel, reducing the risks associated with private key cryptography and enhancing overall security.', 'Digital signatures authenticate and verify documents, providing non-repudiation, integrity verification, and security in messages sent through non-secured channels. Digital signatures authenticate and verify documents, offering non-repudiation, integrity verification, and security for messages transmitted through non-secured channels.', 'DSA algorithm uses mathematical functions to create digital signatures consisting of two 160-bit numbers, providing benefits like message authentication, integrity verification, and non-repudiation. DSA algorithm utilizes mathematical functions to generate digital signatures comprising two 160-bit numbers, offering advantages such as message authentication, integrity verification, and non-repudiation.']}, {'end': 20060.07, 'start': 19718.973, 'title': 'Dsa vs rsa encryption', 'summary': "Compares the advantages of dsa and rsa encryption including dsa's robust security and efficiency, faster key generation and lesser storage space requirement, with a brief discussion on rsa's functionality and the process of encryption and decryption.", 'duration': 341.097, 'highlights': ["DSA has faster key generation compared to RSA algorithm DSA's faster key generation enables quicker start and optimization of frameworks.", "DSA requires less storage space compared to RSA algorithm DSA's optimization to work with weaker hardware and lesser resources leads to reduced storage space requirement.", "RSA algorithm uses logarithmic functions to withstand brute force and be fast post deployment RSA's utilization of logarithmic functions ensures resistance to brute force attacks and efficient performance post deployment.", 'The process of RSA encryption and decryption is detailed with a specific example using values for P, Q, E, D, N, and M The detailed explanation of the RSA encryption and decryption process is further illustrated with a specific example using values for P, Q, E, D, N, and M.']}], 'duration': 1622.78, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE18437290.jpg', 'highlights': ['AES encryption is widely used in wireless security for establishing secure authentication between routers and clients, as well as in SSL/TLS encryption for securing internet browser sessions.', 'Asymmetric key cryptography combined with symmetric key cryptography is used to monitor SSL or TLS encrypted browsing sessions, ensuring maximum security and verifying website server authenticity.', 'RSA encryption is the most widely used encryption standard using asymmetric approach with extensive key lengths like 2048 bits and 4096 bits, providing a high level of security.', "DSA has faster key generation compared to RSA algorithm DSA's faster key generation enables quicker start and optimization of frameworks."]}, {'end': 21866.468, 'segs': [{'end': 20857.562, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 20830.691, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 20837.813, 'text': 'When we receive the input string, we have to make sure the size is 64 bits short of a multiple of 512.', 'start': 20830.691, 'duration': 7.122}, {'end': 20843.776, 'text': 'When it comes to padding the bits, we must add one first followed by zeros to round out the extra characters.', 'start': 20837.813, 'duration': 5.963}, {'end': 20853.499, 'text': 'This prepares a string to have a length of just 64 bits less than any multiple of 512.', 'start': 20844.556, 'duration': 8.943}, {'end': 20857.562, 'text': 'Here on out we can proceed on to the next step where we have to pad the length bits.', 'start': 20853.499, 'duration': 4.063}], 'summary': 'Input string is padded to 64 bits less than a multiple of 512 for further processing.', 'duration': 26.871, 'max_score': 20830.691, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE20830691.jpg'}, {'end': 21574.801, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 21549.18, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 21556.563, 'text': 'These registers go through multiple rounds of operation, but the first iteration has fixed has a decimal values as can be seen in the screen.', 'start': 21549.18, 'duration': 7.383}, {'end': 21564.727, 'text': 'Moving on, we have to process each of the 512 bit blocks by breaking each of them into 16 sub blocks of 32 bits each.', 'start': 21558.104, 'duration': 6.623}, {'end': 21574.801, 'text': 'Each of them goes through four rounds of operation that use the entire register and have the 512 bit block along with the constant array.', 'start': 21566.815, 'duration': 7.986}], 'summary': 'Registers undergo multiple rounds, with 512-bit blocks broken into 16 sub blocks of 32 bits each, and each block processed through four rounds of operations.', 'duration': 25.621, 'max_score': 21549.18, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE21549180.jpg'}, {'end': 21706.051, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 21683.296, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 21691.023, 'text': 'Next, we use a nonlinear process P that changes depending on the round and uses the values of B, C and D as input.', 'start': 21683.296, 'duration': 7.727}, {'end': 21698.077, 'text': 'Whatever output is generated from the nonlinear process, it is added with the value of the e register.', 'start': 21692.247, 'duration': 5.83}, {'end': 21706.051, 'text': 'Next, the value of a is circular shifted by five bits and is added with the output generated in the previous step.', 'start': 21699.459, 'duration': 6.592}], 'summary': 'Nonlinear process p uses values of b, c, and d to generate output added with e register value. then, a is circular shifted by five bits and added with the previous output.', 'duration': 22.755, 'max_score': 21683.296, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE21683296.jpg'}, {'end': 21755.617, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 21730.04, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 21735.202, 'text': 'Regarding the nonlinear process, P that uses the values of B, C and D as input,', 'start': 21730.04, 'duration': 5.162}, {'end': 21742.286, 'text': 'The formula changes every round to maintain a complexity of the program that can withstand brute force attacks.', 'start': 21736.161, 'duration': 6.125}, {'end': 21751.033, 'text': 'Depending on the round, the values are passed through a logical operation, which is then added with the values of WT, KT, and so on.', 'start': 21743.147, 'duration': 7.886}, {'end': 21755.617, 'text': 'Now that we understand how to get our hash digest from the plaintext,', 'start': 21751.754, 'duration': 3.863}], 'summary': 'Nonlinear process p uses values b, c, and d as input, formula changes to withstand brute force attacks.', 'duration': 25.577, 'max_score': 21730.04, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE21730040.jpg'}], 'start': 20061.49, 'title': 'Cryptographic algorithms overview', 'summary': 'Discusses advantages of rsa encryption, secure password storage and hashing, md5 hashing algorithm overview, importance and functionality of secure hash algorithms, and sha algorithm overview, highlighting their benefits such as faster encryption process, prevention of data breaches, and enhancement of data security and integrity.', 'chapters': [{'end': 20143.855, 'start': 20061.49, 'title': 'Advantages of rsa encryption', 'summary': 'Discusses the advantages of rsa algorithm over its competitors, highlighting its use of public key encryption, prevention of interception without correct private keys, and faster encryption process compared to dsa algorithm, resulting in tamper-proof data in transit and low cases of data alteration by third parties.', 'duration': 82.365, 'highlights': ["RSA encryption relies on the receiver's public key, eliminating the need to share any secret key, making it stand out versus its competitors.", 'The asymmetric cryptography structure of RSA prevents interception of messages by receivers without the correct private keys, addressing the flaw faced by symmetric algorithms.', 'The encryption process in RSA is faster than the DSA algorithm, contributing to spending less time in key generation and more time on actual ciphertext management despite slower key generation.', 'Meddling with the data will alter the usage of the keys, making the data tamper-proof in transit in RSA encryption.', 'Cases of third parties altering the data mid-transit in RSA encryption are rather low, requiring the receiver to be aware of any third party possessing the private key.']}, {'end': 20679.464, 'start': 20144.867, 'title': 'Secure password storage and hashing', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of securely storing passwords and the industry standard of using hashing to prevent data breaches, with insights into the process of hashing, its comparison to encryption, and the methods of salting and peppering to address hash collisions and bolster security.', 'duration': 534.597, 'highlights': ['Hashing is the industry standard for securely storing credentials, preventing data breaches, and protecting user privacy. Hashing is the industry standard for securely storing credentials, preventing data breaches, and protecting user privacy.', 'Hashing is the process of scrambling data beyond recognition, using irreversible hash functions, with the major difference from encryption being the non-reversibility of hashes. Hashing is the process of scrambling data beyond recognition, using irreversible hash functions, with the major difference from encryption being the non-reversibility of hashes.', 'Peppering is the process of adding a common random string of data to the input before passing them to the hash function, which is not stored on the servers and helps bolster security. Peppering is the process of adding a common random string of data to the input before passing them to the hash function, which is not stored on the servers and helps bolster security.', 'Sorting involves adding a unique random keyword to the end of the input before passing it to the hash function, to prevent hash collisions and ensure unique digests for each password. Sorting involves adding a unique random keyword to the end of the input before passing it to the hash function, to prevent hash collisions and ensure unique digests for each password.', 'Salting and peppering are used in combination to address hash collisions and bolster security, with the use of a unique salt for each user and a common pepper for all users in the database. Salting and peppering are used in combination to address hash collisions and bolster security, with the use of a unique salt for each user and a common pepper for all users in the database.']}, {'end': 21095.292, 'start': 20680.244, 'title': 'Md5 hashing algorithm overview', 'summary': 'Covers the md5 hashing algorithm, designed by ronald rivest, its usage as a cryptographic hash algorithm to authenticate digital signatures, its process of producing a 128-bit digest from the input message, and the detailed steps involved in the hash algorithm, including padding the message, initializing the message digest buffer, and the rounds of operations with constant values.', 'duration': 415.048, 'highlights': ['The MD5 hashing algorithm is a one-way cryptographic function that produces a 128-bit digest from the input message, designed by Ronald Rivest for use as a secure cryptographic hash algorithm to authenticate digital signatures.', 'The hash function aims to prevent hash collisions by producing digests that appear to be random, meeting the requirement that it is impossible for an attacker to create two messages that produce the same hash value, and even a slight change in the plaintext should trigger a drastic difference in the two digests.', 'The detailed procedure of the MD5 hash algorithm involves steps such as padding the message to ensure its length is a multiple of 512 bits, initializing the message digest buffer, breaking the plaintext into 512-bit blocks, running four rounds of operations for each 32-bit sub-block, and using circular shifts to increase the complexity of the hash algorithm and create a unique digest for each input.', 'The nonlinear logarithmic function in the MD5 algorithm changes its formula for each round to maintain the computational complexity and increase randomness of the procedure, using the parameters B, C, and D to generate a single output.']}, {'end': 21449.517, 'start': 21095.872, 'title': 'Secure hash algorithms: importance and functionality', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of secure hash algorithms in enhancing data security, including the benefits of using hash functions, the characteristics of different hash algorithms, and their role in preventing data tampering and unauthorized access.', 'duration': 353.645, 'highlights': ['The SHA family of cryptographic hash functions, including SHA-1, SHA-2, and SHA-3, play a crucial role in enhancing data security by producing irreversible digests and preventing hash collisions, contributing to secure data storage and transmission.', 'The benefits of using hash functions include a boost in database security, low memory footprint, prevention of data corruption, and ensuring the integrity of transmitted files, leading to improved overall data protection and system efficiency.', 'The characteristics of different hash algorithms, such as the length of clear text and hash digest, the balance between speed and security, and the irreversibility of hash functions, are crucial in determining the level of data protection and computational efficiency.']}, {'end': 21866.468, 'start': 21451.398, 'title': 'Sha algorithm overview', 'summary': 'Explains the detailed procedure of the sha algorithm, including the steps to prepare the plaintext, the process of hashing, and the advantages of using sha, such as enhancing data security and integrity.', 'duration': 415.07, 'highlights': ['Advantages of SHA Algorithm Hash algorithms like SHA-256 and SHA-512 enhance data security by ensuring the verification of digital signatures, preventing plaintext password storage, and providing file integrity checks.', 'SHA Algorithm Process The SHA algorithm involves steps such as preparing the plaintext by padding the bits, initializing chaining variables, breaking the message into 512-bit blocks, and processing each block through multiple rounds and iterations using a specific formula.', 'SSL Handshake and SHA Functions The SSL handshake, crucial for web browsing sessions, relies on SHA functions to establish a secure connection by agreeing on encryption keys and hashing authentication, ensuring confidentiality of transmitted data.']}], 'duration': 1804.978, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE20061490.jpg', 'highlights': ["RSA encryption relies on the receiver's public key, eliminating the need to share any secret key, making it stand out versus its competitors.", 'Hashing is the industry standard for securely storing credentials, preventing data breaches, and protecting user privacy.', 'The MD5 hashing algorithm is a one-way cryptographic function that produces a 128-bit digest from the input message, designed by Ronald Rivest for use as a secure cryptographic hash algorithm to authenticate digital signatures.', 'The SHA family of cryptographic hash functions, including SHA-1, SHA-2, and SHA-3, play a crucial role in enhancing data security by producing irreversible digests and preventing hash collisions, contributing to secure data storage and transmission.', 'Advantages of SHA Algorithm Hash algorithms like SHA-256 and SHA-512 enhance data security by ensuring the verification of digital signatures, preventing plaintext password storage, and providing file integrity checks.']}, {'end': 23871.121, 'segs': [{'end': 22422.035, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 22396.152, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 22402.197, 'text': 'Password sharing between users, including those who work in the same department or use the same equipment, should be avoided.', 'start': 22396.152, 'duration': 6.045}, {'end': 22406.261, 'text': "A single breached password doesn't affect your other accounts with this policy.", 'start': 22402.878, 'duration': 3.383}, {'end': 22412.347, 'text': 'Some password regulations necessitate the creation of a passphrase rather than a password.', 'start': 22407.863, 'duration': 4.484}, {'end': 22417.551, 'text': 'While passphrases serve the same objective, their length make them more difficult to break.', 'start': 22413.408, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 22422.035, 'text': 'In addition to letters, a good pass should include numbers and symbols.', 'start': 22418.392, 'duration': 3.643}], 'summary': 'Avoid password sharing, use passphrases with numbers and symbols for added security.', 'duration': 25.883, 'max_score': 22396.152, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE22396152.jpg'}, {'end': 22645.359, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 22619.241, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 22625.047, 'text': 'A combination of upper and lowercase alphabets is an absolute necessity when creating strong passwords.', 'start': 22619.241, 'duration': 5.806}, {'end': 22632.994, 'text': 'It is also recommended to use numerics along with those alphabets to create a complicated password.', 'start': 22627.769, 'duration': 5.225}, {'end': 22642.719, 'text': 'Finally, special characters help in making a password much more brute force resistant than any number of alphabets or letters can make.', 'start': 22635.356, 'duration': 7.363}, {'end': 22645.359, 'text': "Moving over to the Don't section.", 'start': 22643.879, 'duration': 1.48}], 'summary': 'Creating strong passwords requires upper/lowercase, numerics, and special characters for brute force resistance.', 'duration': 26.118, 'max_score': 22619.241, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE22619241.jpg'}, {'end': 22698.191, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 22669.175, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 22672.858, 'text': 'considering there are already algorithms present that can counter this tactic.', 'start': 22669.175, 'duration': 3.683}, {'end': 22682.584, 'text': 'Using the same character multiple times in a password also reduces the strength and makes it easier to crack for hackers.', 'start': 22675.98, 'duration': 6.604}, {'end': 22692.508, 'text': 'Apart from using single characters multiple times, following patterns that are present on the traditional English keyboard, such as E, W, E, R, T,', 'start': 22684.744, 'duration': 7.764}, {'end': 22698.191, 'text': 'Y or the line below the main alphabet, such as the Z, X, C, V, B, N, M, etc.', 'start': 22692.508, 'duration': 5.683}], 'summary': 'Repeating characters weakens passwords, making them easier to crack.', 'duration': 29.016, 'max_score': 22669.175, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE22669175.jpg'}, {'end': 22748.822, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 22715.972, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 22719.593, 'text': 'More often than not if a hacker is trying to break into your account.', 'start': 22715.972, 'duration': 3.621}, {'end': 22724.235, 'text': 'there has been some amount of research done, be it via social media or any other medium.', 'start': 22719.593, 'duration': 4.642}, {'end': 22730.358, 'text': 'If they have already this information present with them, breaking into your account becomes all the more easier.', 'start': 22725.156, 'duration': 5.202}, {'end': 22739.817, 'text': 'Now that you understand how to create strong password, look at how passphrases have become prevalent as a replacement for plain text passwords.', 'start': 22732.352, 'duration': 7.465}, {'end': 22748.822, 'text': 'A passphrase is a sentence-like string of words used for authentication that is longer than a traditional password,', 'start': 22743.179, 'duration': 5.643}], 'summary': 'Hackers use research to break into accounts; passphrases replace plain text passwords.', 'duration': 32.85, 'max_score': 22715.972, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE22715972.jpg'}], 'start': 21866.988, 'title': 'Techniques for securing passwords', 'summary': 'Discusses password cracking techniques, strong passwords, passphrases, and securing whatsapp accounts, emphasizing the importance of strong passwords, passphrases, and security measures, and highlighting prevalent hacking risks and vulnerabilities.', 'chapters': [{'end': 22098.48, 'start': 21866.988, 'title': 'Password cracking techniques', 'summary': 'Discusses password cracking, its techniques, tools used by hackers, and guidelines to prevent password cracking, emphasizing the importance of strong passwords and the prevalence of social engineering in obtaining personal information.', 'duration': 231.492, 'highlights': ['Social engineering influences the victim to get personal information such as bank account numbers or passwords, popular among hackers due to exploiting human tendencies. Social engineering is a popular tactic used by hackers to obtain personal information such as bank account numbers or passwords.', 'Passwords must contain a combination of mixed-case random letters, digits, and symbols, and be at least 8 characters long. Strong passwords should contain a combination of mixed-case random letters, digits, and symbols, and be at least 8 characters long.', "Phishing emails direct the unwary reader to a counterfeit login page, capturing their password for the hacker's exploitation. Phishing emails are used to capture passwords by directing users to counterfeit login pages.", 'Password cracking involves identifying an unknown password using a program code, which can lead to illegal access and various criminal activities. Password cracking involves using program code to identify unknown passwords, leading to illegal access and criminal activities.']}, {'end': 22730.358, 'start': 22100.641, 'title': 'Password cracking and strong passwords', 'summary': "Discusses the methods used by hackers to crack passwords, including dictionary attacks, rainbow tables, and brute force assaults, and highlights the importance of creating strong passwords and the guidelines to do so, while also emphasizing the role of password managers and the need for strong passwords in today's world.", 'duration': 629.717, 'highlights': ["The chapter discusses the methods used by hackers to crack passwords, including dictionary attacks, rainbow tables, and brute force assaults. It covers the efficient cracking of passwords using a hacker's approach, such as dictionary attacks, rainbow tables, and brute force assaults.", 'The chapter highlights the importance of creating strong passwords and the guidelines to do so. It emphasizes the need for longer, unique, and complex passwords to resist brute force attacks and discourages the use of personal information as passwords.', "The chapter emphasizes the role of password managers and the need for strong passwords in today's world. It stresses the significance of password managers in creating and remembering complex passwords and highlights the importance of strong passwords in safeguarding personal information in the digital age."]}, {'end': 23336.315, 'start': 22732.352, 'title': 'Passphrases for strong security', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the advantages of using passphrases over traditional passwords, highlighting that passphrases can be up to 100 characters long, are nearly hard to crack, and are compliant with password setting rules, while also discussing the benefits of using a password manager and the signs to identify if a system is hacked.', 'duration': 603.963, 'highlights': ['Passphrases can be up to 100 characters long, nearly hard to crack, and compliant with password setting rules. Passphrases can be up to 100 characters long, making them nearly hard to crack and compliant with password setting rules, offering stronger security compared to traditional passwords.', 'The usage of a password manager can alleviate the problem of remembering strong passwords or passphrases. Password managers generate and store strong passwords, alleviating the issue of remembering them and providing a secure way to manage login credentials.', 'Signs to identify if a system is hacked include the system security being switched off, frequent antivirus software failures, and unknown applications affecting system reaction speed. Signs of a hacked system include security being switched off, frequent antivirus software failures, and unknown applications affecting system reaction speed, indicating potential hacking attempts.', 'Countermeasures against hacking include regular manual security checks, using certified antivirus software, visiting secure websites, and using strong passwords. Countermeasures against hacking include regular manual security checks, using certified antivirus software, visiting secure websites, and using strong passwords to safeguard against hacking attempts.']}, {'end': 23604.251, 'start': 23337.515, 'title': 'Securing your whatsapp account', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of securing whatsapp due to the widespread use, potential hacking risks highlighted by the jeff bezos case, the limitations of end-to-end encryption, and the vulnerabilities associated with sms 2 factor authentication.', 'duration': 266.736, 'highlights': ["WhatsApp has over a billion users and is vulnerable to hacking, as highlighted by the Jeff Bezos case. The widespread use of WhatsApp, with over a billion users, makes it a prime target for hackers, as evidenced by the hacking of Jeff Bezos' phone in 2018.", 'End-to-end encryption in WhatsApp provides strong security, but it is not entirely foolproof and has access to personal information. While WhatsApp uses end-to-end encryption to secure communication, it still faces threats from bad actors and has access to personal information, posing privacy risks.', 'SMS 2 Factor authentication in WhatsApp is not a completely secure method and is vulnerable to various hacking techniques. The SMS 2 Factor authentication in WhatsApp is not foolproof and can be exploited by hackers through methods like spoofed SIM cards and message hijacking.', 'Users need to be cautious of deceptive messages and links in WhatsApp, which can lead to malware installation and financial loss. Deceptive messages and links in WhatsApp can trick users into installing malware, leading to financial loss and unauthorized use of personal information.']}, {'end': 23871.121, 'start': 23604.731, 'title': 'Securing your whatsapp account', 'summary': 'Emphasizes securing your whatsapp account by enabling privacy settings, two-step verification, screen lock, and end-to-end encryption, and taking prompt actions when compromised, including reporting to whatsapp support and notifying contacts.', 'duration': 266.39, 'highlights': ['Enable privacy settings to share profile photo, status, and other details with contacts only, ensuring additional security. Privacy settings to be changed to contacts only.', 'Set up screen lock to ensure that only the user can open their WhatsApp account, adding an extra layer of security. Users to enable screen lock option in settings.', 'Activate two-step verification to protect OTPs and documents, and set up PIN for periodic entry, enhancing account security. Setting up two-step verification and periodic PIN entry for additional security.', 'Utilize end-to-end encryption to ensure private messaging, verifying the encryption for all chats, and taking prompt action when hacked. Verifying end-to-end encryption for all chats and promptly reporting hacking attempts to WhatsApp support.', 'Take prompt action when compromised by reporting to WhatsApp support and notifying contacts to prevent further exploitation and personal information theft. Reporting hacking attempts to WhatsApp support and notifying contacts promptly.']}], 'duration': 2004.133, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE21866988.jpg', 'highlights': ['Passphrases can be up to 100 characters long, nearly hard to crack, and compliant with password setting rules.', 'The chapter emphasizes the need for longer, unique, and complex passwords to resist brute force attacks and discourages the use of personal information as passwords.', 'The usage of a password manager can alleviate the problem of remembering strong passwords or passphrases.', 'Countermeasures against hacking include regular manual security checks, using certified antivirus software, visiting secure websites, and using strong passwords.', "The widespread use of WhatsApp, with over a billion users, makes it a prime target for hackers, as evidenced by the hacking of Jeff Bezos' phone in 2018.", 'Deceptive messages and links in WhatsApp can trick users into installing malware, leading to financial loss and unauthorized use of personal information.', 'Privacy settings to be changed to contacts only.', 'Users to enable screen lock option in settings.', 'Setting up two-step verification and periodic PIN entry for additional security.', 'Verifying end-to-end encryption for all chats and promptly reporting hacking attempts to WhatsApp support.']}, {'end': 25289.147, 'segs': [{'end': 23969.114, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 23938.08, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 23944.744, 'text': 'Finally, we take a look at the multiple ways we can install Kali Linux to start our journey in the world of penetration testing.', 'start': 23938.08, 'duration': 6.664}, {'end': 23948.347, 'text': "Let's start by learning about Kali Linux in general.", 'start': 23945.845, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 23954.385, 'text': 'Kali Linux, which is formerly known as Backtrack Linux,', 'start': 23951.223, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 23959.748, 'text': 'is an open source Linux distribution aimed at advanced penetration testing and security auditing.', 'start': 23954.385, 'duration': 5.363}, {'end': 23969.114, 'text': 'It contains several hundred tools that are targeted towards various information security tasks, such as penetration testing, security research,', 'start': 23960.949, 'duration': 8.165}], 'summary': 'Kali linux is an open source linux distribution with several hundred tools for penetration testing and security auditing.', 'duration': 31.034, 'max_score': 23938.08, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE23938080.jpg'}, {'end': 24027.75, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 23981.604, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 23986.572, 'text': 'Among all the Linux distributions, Kali Linux takes its roots from the Debian operating system.', 'start': 23981.604, 'duration': 4.968}, {'end': 23994.584, 'text': 'Debian has been a highly dependable and stable distribution for many years, providing a similarly strong foundation to the Kali desktop.', 'start': 23987.293, 'duration': 7.291}, {'end': 24001.354, 'text': 'While the operating system is capable of practically modifying every single part of our installation,', 'start': 23995.953, 'duration': 5.401}, {'end': 24004.475, 'text': 'the networking components of Kali become disabled by default.', 'start': 24001.354, 'duration': 3.121}, {'end': 24012.277, 'text': 'This is done to prevent any external factors from affecting the installation procedure which may pose a risk in critical environments.', 'start': 24005.095, 'duration': 7.182}, {'end': 24018.719, 'text': 'Apart from boosting security, it allows a deeper element of control to the most enthusiastic of users.', 'start': 24013.077, 'duration': 5.642}, {'end': 24023.529, 'text': 'We did not get Kali Linux since the first day.', 'start': 24021.308, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 24027.75, 'text': "How did it come into existence? Let's take a look at some of its history.", 'start': 24024.149, 'duration': 3.601}], 'summary': 'Kali linux, based on debian, prioritizes security and control, with default disabled networking components for heightened safety.', 'duration': 46.146, 'max_score': 23981.604, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE23981604.jpg'}], 'start': 23872.042, 'title': 'Kali linux installation and configuration', 'summary': 'Covers the history, features, and installation of kali linux, including over 600 pre-installed tools, various installation methods, configuring disk capacity and virtual machine settings, and the process of installing kali linux on a virtual machine with a 3.6 gb iso file and 2gb of ram.', 'chapters': [{'end': 24195.419, 'start': 23872.042, 'title': 'Kali linux: history, features, and installation', 'summary': 'Delves into the history and distinct features of kali linux, a penetration testing operating system based on debian, with over 600 pre-installed tools and true multilingual support, aiming to enhance digital security and provide a secure foundation for vulnerability assessment.', 'duration': 323.377, 'highlights': ['Kali Linux is an open source Linux distribution aimed at advanced penetration testing and security auditing, with over 600 pre-installed tools. Kali Linux is designed for advanced penetration testing and security auditing, with more than 600 pre-installed tools.', 'The Kali Linux team restricts access to critical code bases to reduce the risk of source contamination, enhancing security for users worldwide. The Kali Linux team restricts access to code bases to reduce the risk of source contamination, ensuring enhanced security for users globally.', 'Kali Linux provides true multilingual support, allowing users to operate in their native language and locate necessary tools, enhancing user comfort and usability. Kali Linux offers true multilingual support, enabling users to operate in their native language and access required tools, enhancing user comfort and usability.', 'Kali Linux is based on Debian and has a history of development from previous projects such as Backtrack and Wax, with the first release in 2013. Kali Linux is based on Debian and has a development history from projects like Backtrack and Wax, with the initial release in 2013.']}, {'end': 24549.611, 'start': 24195.419, 'title': 'Installing kali linux: methods and considerations', 'summary': 'Provides insights into the robust arm support of kali linux along with various installation methods such as live usb, hard disk installation, virtualization, and dual boot system, catering to different user preferences and hardware capabilities.', 'duration': 354.192, 'highlights': ['Kali Linux is available on a wide range of ARM devices and has ARM repositories integrated with the mainline distributions, ensuring robust ARM support. Kali Linux is available on a wide range of ARM devices and has ARM repositories integrated with the mainline distributions, ensuring robust ARM support.', 'The first way to use Kali Linux is by launching the distribution in the live USB mode, achieved by flashing the installer image file to a USB drive with a capacity of at least 8 GB. The first way to use Kali Linux is by launching the distribution in the live USB mode, achieved by flashing the installer image file to a USB drive with a capacity of at least 8 GB.', "The best and the most reliable way to store data permanently in the installed OS is the full-fledged hard disk installation, overriding any pre-existing operating system and ensuring complete usage of the system's hardware capabilities and updates. The best and the most reliable way to store data permanently in the installed OS is the full-fledged hard disk installation, overriding any pre-existing operating system and ensuring complete usage of the system's hardware capabilities and updates.", 'Another alternative route for installing Kali Linux is to use virtualization software such as VMware or VirtualBox, allowing customized hardware requirements and a safe environment for learning. Another alternative route for installing Kali Linux is to use virtualization software such as VMware or VirtualBox, allowing customized hardware requirements and a safe environment for learning.', 'The final way to install Kali Linux is by using a dual boot system, allowing users to keep both the Windows and Kali Linux installed, effectively allotting work and recreational activities and providing a safety valve for any bugs encountered. The final way to install Kali Linux is by using a dual boot system, allowing users to keep both the Windows and Kali Linux installed, effectively allotting work and recreational activities and providing a safety valve for any bugs encountered.']}, {'end': 24761.794, 'start': 24549.611, 'title': 'Configuring disk capacity and virtual machine settings', 'summary': 'Discusses configuring the disk capacity for a virtual machine, including the recommended size for debian, options for storing virtual disks, and the impact on portability and performance, as well as setting the memory for the virtual machine.', 'duration': 212.183, 'highlights': ['The disk capacity for the virtual machine is crucial, with the recommended size for Debian being 20 GB and the option to go as high as 50 or 60 GB for extensive usage. The recommended size for Debian is 20 GB, but it can go as high as 50 or 60 GB for extensive usage.', 'The choice between storing virtual disks as a single file or multiple files impacts portability and performance, with a slight hit in performance when using multiple files but easier portability. Storing virtual disks as a single file provides better performance, while using multiple files makes porting virtual machines easier.', "Setting the memory for the virtual machine is crucial, with considerations for the host system's available memory and potential performance issues when allocating high amounts of RAM. Allocating memory for the virtual machine should consider the host system's available memory and potential performance issues."]}, {'end': 25289.147, 'start': 24762.595, 'title': 'Installing kali linux on a virtual machine', 'summary': 'Details the process of installing kali linux on a virtual machine, including customizing hardware settings, selecting installation options, and configuring package manager and bootloader, with a focus on providing guidance for newcomers. the installation file is a 3.6 gb iso, and the virtual machine has 2gb of ram.', 'duration': 526.552, 'highlights': ['The installation file is a 3.6 GB ISO, and the virtual machine has 2GB of RAM. The size of the installation file and the RAM of the virtual machine, providing quantifiable data.', 'Selecting Use Entire Disk Guided installation for newcomers. Guidance for newcomers to select the appropriate installation option.', 'The grub is used for selecting the operating system while booting up, and it is being installed on the primary hard disk. Explanation of the purpose and installation process of the GRUB bootloader.']}], 'duration': 1417.105, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE23872042.jpg', 'highlights': ['Kali Linux is designed for advanced penetration testing and security auditing, with more than 600 pre-installed tools.', 'Kali Linux team restricts access to code bases to reduce the risk of source contamination, ensuring enhanced security for users globally.', 'Kali Linux offers true multilingual support, enabling users to operate in their native language and access required tools, enhancing user comfort and usability.', 'Kali Linux is based on Debian and has a development history from projects like Backtrack and Wax, with the initial release in 2013.', 'Kali Linux is available on a wide range of ARM devices and has ARM repositories integrated with the mainline distributions, ensuring robust ARM support.', 'The first way to use Kali Linux is by launching the distribution in the live USB mode, achieved by flashing the installer image file to a USB drive with a capacity of at least 8 GB.', "The best and the most reliable way to store data permanently in the installed OS is the full-fledged hard disk installation, overriding any pre-existing operating system and ensuring complete usage of the system's hardware capabilities and updates.", 'Another alternative route for installing Kali Linux is to use virtualization software such as VMware or VirtualBox, allowing customized hardware requirements and a safe environment for learning.', 'The final way to install Kali Linux is by using a dual boot system, allowing users to keep both the Windows and Kali Linux installed, effectively allotting work and recreational activities and providing a safety valve for any bugs encountered.', 'The recommended size for Debian is 20 GB, but it can go as high as 50 or 60 GB for extensive usage.', 'Storing virtual disks as a single file provides better performance, while using multiple files makes porting virtual machines easier.', "Allocating memory for the virtual machine should consider the host system's available memory and potential performance issues.", 'The size of the installation file and the RAM of the virtual machine, providing quantifiable data.', 'Guidance for newcomers to select the appropriate installation option.', 'Explanation of the purpose and installation process of the GRUB bootloader.']}, {'end': 26653.491, 'segs': [{'end': 25394.887, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 25290.167, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 25295.549, 'text': 'The GRUB is highly essential because it shows the motherboard where to start the operating system from.', 'start': 25290.167, 'duration': 5.382}, {'end': 25301.231, 'text': 'Even if the operating system is installed correctly and all the files are in correct order,', 'start': 25296.23, 'duration': 5.001}, {'end': 25305.733, 'text': 'the absence of a bootloader will not be able to launch the OS properly.', 'start': 25301.231, 'duration': 4.502}, {'end': 25312.749, 'text': 'As you can see, the installation is finally complete.', 'start': 25310.427, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 25319.014, 'text': "So now we can press on continue and it's going to finalize the changes.", 'start': 25313.57, 'duration': 5.444}, {'end': 25327.922, 'text': 'Now you can see Kali Linux being booted up straight away.', 'start': 25325.399, 'duration': 2.523}, {'end': 25330.504, 'text': "It doesn't check for the ISO file anymore,", 'start': 25328.442, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 25335.548, 'text': 'since the operating system is now installed onto the virtual hard disk storage that we had configured before.', 'start': 25330.504, 'duration': 5.044}, {'end': 25347.558, 'text': "Here we're going to enter our username and password that we had set up before.", 'start': 25344.076, 'duration': 3.482}, {'end': 25361.246, 'text': 'And we have the Kalina system booted up.', 'start': 25359.145, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 25368.891, 'text': 'And this is your homepage.', 'start': 25368.01, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 25376.438, 'text': 'We can see the installed applications over here which are being used for penetration testing by multiple security analysts worldwide.', 'start': 25369.875, 'duration': 6.563}, {'end': 25386.002, 'text': 'All of these come pre-installed with Kali Linux and others can be installed using the APT package manager that we had configured.', 'start': 25379.599, 'duration': 6.403}, {'end': 25389.584, 'text': 'We can see our full name over here.', 'start': 25388.163, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 25393.866, 'text': 'And with this, our installation of the Kali Linux is complete.', 'start': 25391.124, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 25394.887, 'text': 'Hey everyone.', 'start': 25394.407, 'duration': 0.48}], 'summary': 'Installation of kali linux completed with essential grub bootloader, system booted successfully.', 'duration': 104.72, 'max_score': 25290.167, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE25290167.jpg'}, {'end': 25498.306, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 25472.622, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 25478.726, 'text': 'ParatOS is a Debian-based Linux distribution with an emphasis on security, privacy, and development.', 'start': 25472.622, 'duration': 6.104}, {'end': 25488.08, 'text': "It is built on Debian's testing branch and uses a custom hard Linux kernel while being founded in 2013.", 'start': 25479.466, 'duration': 8.614}, {'end': 25496.085, 'text': 'Parrot Security contains several hundred tools targeted towards various information security tasks, such as penetration testing, security research,', 'start': 25488.08, 'duration': 8.005}, {'end': 25498.306, 'text': 'computer forensics and reverse engineering.', 'start': 25496.085, 'duration': 2.221}], 'summary': 'Paratos: debian-based distro for security, privacy, and dev, founded in 2013, with custom hard linux kernel and 100+ security tools.', 'duration': 25.684, 'max_score': 25472.622, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE25472622.jpg'}], 'start': 25290.167, 'title': 'Parrot security os installation', 'summary': 'Covers parrot security os overview, unique features, and step-by-step installation processes on kali linux, vmware, and virtual machines, providing insights into system requirements, installation options, and post-installation testing.', 'chapters': [{'end': 25623.666, 'start': 25290.167, 'title': 'Parrot security: os overview and installation', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of grub for os booting, showcases the completion of kali linux installation, and provides an overview of parrot security os, including its features, system requirements, and installation options.', 'duration': 333.499, 'highlights': ['Parrot Security OS overview and installation The chapter provides an overview of Parrot Security OS, including its features, system requirements, and installation options.', 'Importance of GRUB for OS booting The GRUB is highlighted as essential for showing the motherboard where to start the operating system from, ensuring proper OS launch.', 'Completion of Kali Linux installation The completion of Kali Linux installation is showcased, emphasizing the successful booting up and use of installed applications for penetration testing.', 'Parrot Security OS features and emphasis on security Parrot Security OS is described as a Debian-based Linux distribution emphasizing security, privacy, and development, containing several hundred tools targeted towards information security tasks.', 'Minimum system requirements for Parrot Security OS The chapter outlines the minimum system requirements for Parrot Security OS, including CPU, RAM, storage space, and compatibility with different chipsets.']}, {'end': 26053.782, 'start': 25624.892, 'title': 'Installing parrot security os', 'summary': 'Explains the unique features of parrot security os, including its custom-hardened linux kernel, lightweight nature, and installation options, such as live boot and virtualization, providing a choice between mate and kde desktop environments, making it a niche distribution compared to kali linux.', 'duration': 428.89, 'highlights': ['Parrot Security OS has a custom-hardened Linux kernel, providing enhanced security and resistance to hackers. The custom-hardened Linux kernel of Parrot Security OS offers enhanced security and resistance to hackers as a first line of defense.', 'Parrot Security OS provides a choice between Mate and KDE desktop environments, making it a niche distribution compared to Kali Linux. Parrot Security OS offers a choice between Mate and KDE desktop environments, making it a niche distribution compared to Kali Linux.', 'Parrot Security OS is relatively lightweight, requiring as little as 320 MB of RAM and designed to operate successfully off a USB stick. Parrot Security OS is relatively lightweight, requiring as little as 320 MB of RAM and designed to operate successfully off a USB stick, making it a niche distribution compared to Kali Linux.', 'Parrot Security OS offers installation options such as live boot and virtualization, providing flexibility and convenience for users. Parrot Security OS offers installation options such as live boot and virtualization, providing flexibility and convenience for users.']}, {'end': 26310.082, 'start': 26054.991, 'title': 'Installing parrot security os on vmware', 'summary': 'Covers the installation of parrot security os on vmware, including setting up virtual machine requirements such as memory, processors, and disk size, and the process of using live boot iso and calamares installer for the installation.', 'duration': 255.091, 'highlights': ['Setting up virtual machine requirements Customizing the virtual machine settings for Parrot Security OS, allocating 2GB of RAM, increasing processors and cores to two each, and setting a 20GB hard disk size.', 'Using live boot ISO and Calamares installer Utilizing the live boot ISO to experience the operating system before installation, and using the Calamares installer to select language, time zone, and keyboard for the installation process.', 'Importance of choosing correct keyboard for installation Emphasizing the significance of selecting the correct keyboard, particularly the English US keyboard, to ensure proper functionality of all keys including superscript and subscript buttons before proceeding with the installation.']}, {'end': 26653.491, 'start': 26312.366, 'title': 'Installing parrot security on virtual machine', 'summary': 'Details the step-by-step process of installing parrot security on a virtual machine, including manual partitioning, user and root password setup, and post-installation testing, ensuring the successful installation and configuration of parrot os 4.11 on a vmware host.', 'duration': 341.125, 'highlights': ['The installation of Parrot Security is completed, utilizing a 20 GB hard disk storage provided in the virtual machine settings.', 'The root password serves as administrative access and is essential for making changes to the system or installing and updating software.', 'Upon successful installation, the system is accessed by providing the username and root password set during installation, leading to the working desktop of the Parallel Security Operating System.', "The process includes post-installation testing using the command 'NeoFetch' to verify correct installation and hardware requirements, displaying information such as OS name, kernel versions, memory usage, and other system details.", 'The chapter includes manual partitioning, user and root password setup, and post-installation testing, ensuring the successful installation and configuration of Parrot OS 4.11 on a VMware host.']}], 'duration': 1363.324, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE25290167.jpg', 'highlights': ['Parrot Security OS is a Debian-based Linux distribution emphasizing security, privacy, and development, containing several hundred tools targeted towards information security tasks.', 'Parrot Security OS offers a choice between Mate and KDE desktop environments, making it a niche distribution compared to Kali Linux.', 'Parrot Security OS is relatively lightweight, requiring as little as 320 MB of RAM and designed to operate successfully off a USB stick, making it a niche distribution compared to Kali Linux.', 'Parrot Security OS offers installation options such as live boot and virtualization, providing flexibility and convenience for users.', "The process includes post-installation testing using the command 'NeoFetch' to verify correct installation and hardware requirements, displaying information such as OS name, kernel versions, memory usage, and other system details.", 'The completion of Kali Linux installation is showcased, emphasizing the successful booting up and use of installed applications for penetration testing.', 'The root password serves as administrative access and is essential for making changes to the system or installing and updating software.', 'Parrot Security OS has a custom-hardened Linux kernel, providing enhanced security and resistance to hackers.', 'The installation of Parrot Security is completed, utilizing a 20 GB hard disk storage provided in the virtual machine settings.', 'Parrot Security OS provides a choice between Mate and KDE desktop environments, making it a niche distribution compared to Kali Linux.']}, {'end': 29220.124, 'segs': [{'end': 27077.563, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 27043.703, 'weight': 15, 'content': [{'end': 27047.165, 'text': "However, it's not all productivity points for Parrot OS.", 'start': 27043.703, 'duration': 3.462}, {'end': 27054.349, 'text': 'They provide a choice between two different desktop environments, MATE, which comes pre-installed by default, and KDE.', 'start': 27047.925, 'duration': 6.424}, {'end': 27061.593, 'text': 'For those unfamiliar with Linux terminology, you can think of desktop environments as the main UI for a distribution.', 'start': 27055.21, 'duration': 6.383}, {'end': 27069.258, 'text': 'Being highly modular in nature, one can use Parrot Security OS while adding another desktop environment that they find appealing.', 'start': 27062.374, 'duration': 6.884}, {'end': 27077.563, 'text': 'While Kali Linux has only a single option, Parrot Security has provided two optimized builds with Mate Desktop and KDE Desktop.', 'start': 27069.938, 'duration': 7.625}], 'summary': 'Parrot security os offers two optimized builds with mate desktop and kde desktop, providing more flexibility compared to kali linux.', 'duration': 33.86, 'max_score': 27043.703, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE27043703.jpg'}, {'end': 27579.163, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 27551.365, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 27558.57, 'text': 'In the clearing tax phase, the tester tries to remove all logs and footprints which might help the administrator identify his presence.', 'start': 27551.365, 'duration': 7.205}, {'end': 27564.173, 'text': 'This helps the tester to think like a hacker and perform corrective actions to mitigate those activities.', 'start': 27559.31, 'duration': 4.863}, {'end': 27570.957, 'text': 'Nmap is most beneficial in the early stages of ethical hacking where a hacker must figure the possible entry point to a system.', 'start': 27565.594, 'duration': 5.363}, {'end': 27579.163, 'text': 'It is necessary to know this before running the necessary exploits, thus allowing the hackers to leverage any insecure openings and breach the device.', 'start': 27571.718, 'duration': 7.445}], 'summary': 'Tester clears logs, uses nmap to find entry points for ethical hacking.', 'duration': 27.798, 'max_score': 27551.365, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE27551365.jpg'}, {'end': 27656.458, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 27627.122, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 27631.544, 'text': 'Nmap was developed for enterprise scale networks and can scan through thousands of connected devices.', 'start': 27627.122, 'duration': 4.422}, {'end': 27636.787, 'text': 'However, in recent years Nmap is being increasingly used by smaller companies as well.', 'start': 27632.245, 'duration': 4.542}, {'end': 27645.011, 'text': 'Nmap uses raw IP packets in novel ways to determine what hosts are available on the network, what services these hosts are offering,', 'start': 27637.927, 'duration': 7.084}, {'end': 27651.114, 'text': 'what operating systems they are running, what type of packet filters and firewalls are in use, and dozens of other characteristics.', 'start': 27645.011, 'duration': 6.103}, {'end': 27656.458, 'text': 'It was designed to rapidly scan large networks but works fine against single hosts as well.', 'start': 27652.173, 'duration': 4.285}], 'summary': 'Nmap scans thousands of devices, increasingly used by smaller companies, and determines various network characteristics.', 'duration': 29.336, 'max_score': 27627.122, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE27627122.jpg'}, {'end': 27876.852, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 27850.475, 'weight': 14, 'content': [{'end': 27854.897, 'text': 'The idle scan is really used to check whether any malicious attacks are planned on any particular network.', 'start': 27850.475, 'duration': 4.422}, {'end': 27861.047, 'text': 'Users need not control the external host, but an IP address and a port should be given to the same.', 'start': 27856.525, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 27864.128, 'text': 'All other requirements are taken from the scanner itself.', 'start': 27861.967, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 27871.31, 'text': 'The RPC scans or remote procedure calls are done by hackers to make the system vulnerable to virus attacks.', 'start': 27865.828, 'duration': 5.482}, {'end': 27876.852, 'text': 'It is thus necessary to know whether our systems answer such calls and make our system open to malware.', 'start': 27872.05, 'duration': 4.802}], 'summary': 'Idle scan checks for planned attacks on a network. rpc scans make systems vulnerable to virus attacks.', 'duration': 26.377, 'max_score': 27850.475, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE27850475.jpg'}, {'end': 27915.143, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 27891.977, 'weight': 17, 'content': [{'end': 27899.721, 'text': 'If there are any abnormalities in the ACK packets received the scan reports the same and helps in recognizing which ports are functioning in a different manner.', 'start': 27891.977, 'duration': 7.744}, {'end': 27904.963, 'text': 'The bound scan is used to check the security in the file transfer protocol layer.', 'start': 27901.361, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 27910.878, 'text': 'FTP layers mostly do not accept any packets and once it is rejected from the FTP layers,', 'start': 27906.013, 'duration': 4.865}, {'end': 27915.143, 'text': 'there are chances that it might be sent to an internal layer so that it can access the internal machines.', 'start': 27910.878, 'duration': 4.265}], 'summary': 'Scan reports abnormalities in ack packets to identify ports functioning differently.', 'duration': 23.166, 'max_score': 27891.977, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE27891977.jpg'}, {'end': 27959.145, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 27934.046, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 27939.268, 'text': 'If the system sends an RST packet, it is a false alarm and users need not be worried about the same.', 'start': 27934.046, 'duration': 5.222}, {'end': 27943.681, 'text': 'The null scan is useful for other systems than Windows,', 'start': 27941.24, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 27950.443, 'text': 'where the systems can easily identify what kind of packets they have received and respond back with either TCP packets or null responses.', 'start': 27943.681, 'duration': 6.762}, {'end': 27955.384, 'text': 'Null scans are not useful for Windows as they may not always produce the desired results.', 'start': 27951.283, 'duration': 4.101}, {'end': 27959.145, 'text': 'When it comes to looking at alternatives.', 'start': 27957.145, 'duration': 2}], 'summary': 'Null scan is useful for systems other than windows, but not always for windows.', 'duration': 25.099, 'max_score': 27934.046, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE27934046.jpg'}, {'end': 28824.934, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 28758.061, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 28761.726, 'text': "I'm going to connect to their VPN network using this ovpn file.", 'start': 28758.061, 'duration': 3.665}, {'end': 28780.439, 'text': 'And once we get the initialization sequence completed message, we know that the connection has been established.', 'start': 28774.815, 'duration': 5.624}, {'end': 28787.123, 'text': 'Like we discussed, this is the vulnerable device IP.', 'start': 28783.2, 'duration': 3.923}, {'end': 28789.144, 'text': "We're going to copy this.", 'start': 28788.224, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 28793.747, 'text': "And we're going to try to ping this.", 'start': 28792.046, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 28795.849, 'text': "Let's open a new terminal.", 'start': 28794.708, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 28801.072, 'text': "We're going to try to ping this and check if we are able to reach this machine.", 'start': 28796.829, 'duration': 4.243}, {'end': 28810.358, 'text': "And as you can see, we're getting a reply back, which means we are now part of the local network where the vulnerable machine is present.", 'start': 28802.89, 'duration': 7.468}, {'end': 28817.105, 'text': "Let's run a service scan map with the respective versions.", 'start': 28812.16, 'duration': 4.945}, {'end': 28824.934, 'text': 'We ran the similar scan on my local machine where we were able to detect what version each service was running.', 'start': 28819.208, 'duration': 5.726}], 'summary': 'Connected to vpn network, pinged vulnerable device ip, and ran service scan with respective versions.', 'duration': 66.873, 'max_score': 28758.061, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE28758061.jpg'}, {'end': 28880.831, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 28852.779, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 28857.321, 'text': 'we have some of the ports that are being opened over here and what kind of service they are running.', 'start': 28852.779, 'duration': 4.542}, {'end': 28865.845, 'text': 'Now, like we discussed, this is the first stage or sometimes even the second stage of ethical hacking.', 'start': 28858.942, 'duration': 6.903}, {'end': 28870.787, 'text': 'What we can infer from here is what are the services that are being run.', 'start': 28867.125, 'duration': 3.662}, {'end': 28880.831, 'text': 'Now, these two ports, 139 and 445, are actually Windows SMB server ports, which are above the Windows Samba server.', 'start': 28871.347, 'duration': 9.484}], 'summary': 'Identified ports 139 and 445 as windows smb server ports, a crucial step in ethical hacking.', 'duration': 28.052, 'max_score': 28852.779, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE28852779.jpg'}], 'start': 26654.412, 'title': 'Comparing kali and parrot os for penetration testing', 'summary': 'Compares kali linux and parrot security os, both debian-based distributions, for penetration testing, highlighting their tools, hardware specifications, and security features. it also explains the concept of rolling release, compares their features, discusses the importance of nmap in ethical hacking, covers its installation and basic usage, and explores stealth scans and exploiting vulnerabilities.', 'chapters': [{'end': 26836.975, 'start': 26654.412, 'title': 'Kali vs parrot os for penetration testing', 'summary': 'Compares kali linux and parrot security os, both debian-based distributions, for penetration testing, highlighting their tools, hardware specifications, and security features.', 'duration': 182.563, 'highlights': ['Kali Linux is an open-source Linux distribution aimed at advanced penetration testing and security auditing. Kali Linux is focused on advanced penetration testing and security auditing.', 'Kali Linux contains several hundred tools targeted towards various information security tasks, such as penetration testing, security research, computer forensics and reverse engineering. Kali Linux offers a wide range of tools for information security tasks, including penetration testing, security research, computer forensics, and reverse engineering.', 'Parrot Security OS is a Debian-based Linux distribution with an emphasis on security, privacy, and development, featuring a distinct forensics mode for stealthy execution of forensic procedures. Parrot Security OS prioritizes security, privacy, and development, with a unique forensics mode for stealthy forensic procedures.', 'Parrot Security OS is generally seen as a lightweight distribution that can work under rigorous hardware and software specifications. Parrot Security OS is known for its lightweight nature and ability to work under rigorous hardware and software specifications.']}, {'end': 27369.368, 'start': 26838.636, 'title': 'Rolling release and features comparison', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of rolling release and compares the features of kali linux and parrot security os, highlighting the differences in tool selection, hardware requirements, community support, and user suitability.', 'duration': 530.732, 'highlights': ['Parrot Security OS requires significantly less RAM (320 MB) compared to Kali Linux (1 GB) for optimal performance, making it more feasible for underpowered systems. Parrot Security OS can operate optimally with a minimum of 320 MB of RAM, while Kali Linux demands at least 1 GB of RAM.', 'Kali Linux comes with more than 600 penetration tools pre-installed, while Parrot Security OS includes all tools from Kali Linux and some additional ones, catering to wireless pen testing. Kali Linux offers over 600 pre-installed penetration tools, whereas Parrot Security OS includes all these tools and some extra ones, especially for wireless pen testing.', 'Kali Linux requires GPU-based acceleration for graphical elements, whereas Parrot Security OS does not need any graphical acceleration, making it more lightweight and suitable for underpowered rigs. Kali Linux demands GPU-based acceleration for graphical elements, while Parrot Security OS does not require any graphical acceleration from the user side.', 'Kali Linux has a larger, established community and strong support, while Parrot Security OS is gaining more interest among penetration testers and ethical hackers. Kali Linux has a large, established community, while Parrot Security OS is garnering more interest among veteran penetration testers and ethical hackers.', 'Parrot Security OS is relatively lightweight and can run on systems with minimal resources, making it suitable for users with underpowered rigs or limited hardware resources. Parrot Security OS is designed to run on systems with minimal resources, making it more feasible for users with underpowered rigs or limited hardware resources.']}, {'end': 28191.048, 'start': 27370.129, 'title': 'Nmap in ethical hacking', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of nmap in ethical hacking, covering its role in the reconnaissance and scanning phases, its features, usage, and alternatives, and a live demonstration of its installation and scans.', 'duration': 820.919, 'highlights': ['Role of Nmap in Ethical Hacking Nmap is crucial in the early stages of ethical hacking, particularly in the reconnaissance and scanning phases, aiding in identifying possible entry points and vulnerabilities.', 'Overview and Purpose of Nmap Nmap is a free and open source network mapper utility beneficial for network discovery, security auditing, and managing server upgrades, with the ability to rapidly scan large networks and determine various network characteristics.', 'Types of Nmap Scans Nmap offers various types of scans, including Ping Sweep, SYN scan, TCP connect scan, idle scan, RPC scan, Windows scan, and more, each serving different purposes and providing specific insights into network vulnerabilities.', 'Alternatives to Nmap While there are alternatives like MassCAN, Nmap stands out for its flexibility, power, and ability to provide detailed information and speed, making it an ideal all-rounder solution for network scanning.', "Live Demonstration of Nmap Installation and Usage The demonstration includes installing Nmap on different operating systems, running various types of scans on local machines, and interpreting scan outputs, providing practical insights into the tool's usage."]}, {'end': 28671.702, 'start': 28191.688, 'title': 'Nmap installation and basic usage', 'summary': 'Covers the installation of nmap on debian/ubuntu and the basics of using nmap for host and port scanning on a local network, including identifying active hosts, conducting port scans, and using flags like sp, p, o, and sv, with practical examples.', 'duration': 480.014, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the installation of Nmap on Debian/Ubuntu and the basics of using Nmap for host and port scanning on a local network. Provides an overview of the main focus of the chapter.', "Identifying active hosts on the network using Nmap's ping scan, which identifies all IP addresses currently online without sending packets to the hosts. Describes a fundamental function of Nmap and its capability to identify active hosts without sending packets.", 'Conducting a basic port scan with Nmap to identify open ports and the servers running on those ports. Demonstrates the use of Nmap to perform a basic port scan and identify open ports and associated servers.', "Using Nmap's TCP/IP fingerprinting to detect the operating system of a host, requiring root privileges and the flag -O. Explains the process of using Nmap's TCP/IP fingerprinting to detect the operating system of a host and the need for root privileges.", 'Customizing port scanning with Nmap using flags such as -P to check specific ports, -p with a range to scan multiple ports, and practical examples of scanning for open ports. Illustrates the customization of port scanning using various flags and provides practical examples of scanning for specific ports and port ranges.']}, {'end': 29220.124, 'start': 28672.703, 'title': 'Stealth scan and exploiting vulnerabilities', 'summary': 'Covers running a stealth scan and exploiting vulnerabilities using nmap and metasploit, revealing the process of gaining unauthorized access to a vulnerable machine through a vpn and executing the eternalblue exploit on windows smb servers.', 'duration': 547.421, 'highlights': ['Gaining unauthorized access to a vulnerable machine through a VPN and executing the EternalBlue exploit on Windows SMB servers. The process of gaining unauthorized access to a vulnerable machine through a VPN and executing the EternalBlue exploit on Windows SMB servers.', 'The importance of detecting open ports, such as 139 and 445, as they can indicate potential vulnerabilities to exploit. The significance of detecting open ports, such as 139 and 445, indicating potential vulnerabilities to exploit.', 'The use of Metasploit for launching the exploit and setting the payload to gain access to the victim machine. Utilizing Metasploit to launch the exploit and set the payload to gain access to the victim machine.', 'The process of running a stealth scan and its comparison to a normal scan, emphasizing the difficulty of detecting stealth scans. The process of running a stealth scan and its comparison to a normal scan, highlighting the difficulty of detecting stealth scans.', 'The detection of services running on the vulnerable machine through service scans using Nmap. Detecting services running on the vulnerable machine through service scans using Nmap.']}], 'duration': 2565.712, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE26654412.jpg', 'highlights': ['Kali Linux is an open-source Linux distribution for advanced penetration testing and security auditing.', 'Parrot Security OS prioritizes security, privacy, and development, with a unique forensics mode.', 'Parrot Security OS can operate optimally with a minimum of 320 MB of RAM, while Kali Linux demands at least 1 GB of RAM.', 'Kali Linux offers over 600 pre-installed penetration tools, whereas Parrot Security OS includes all these tools and some extra ones.', 'Kali Linux has a larger, established community and strong support, while Parrot Security OS is gaining more interest among penetration testers and ethical hackers.', 'Nmap is crucial in the early stages of ethical hacking, aiding in identifying possible entry points and vulnerabilities.', 'Nmap is a free and open source network mapper utility beneficial for network discovery, security auditing, and managing server upgrades.', 'Nmap offers various types of scans, each serving different purposes and providing specific insights into network vulnerabilities.', 'Nmap stands out for its flexibility, power, and ability to provide detailed information and speed, making it an ideal all-rounder solution for network scanning.', 'The chapter covers the installation of Nmap on Debian/Ubuntu and the basics of using Nmap for host and port scanning on a local network.', "Identifying active hosts on the network using Nmap's ping scan, which identifies all IP addresses currently online without sending packets to the hosts.", 'Conducting a basic port scan with Nmap to identify open ports and the servers running on those ports.', "Using Nmap's TCP/IP fingerprinting to detect the operating system of a host, requiring root privileges and the flag -O.", 'Customizing port scanning with Nmap using flags such as -P to check specific ports, -p with a range to scan multiple ports, and practical examples of scanning for open ports.', 'The process of gaining unauthorized access to a vulnerable machine through a VPN and executing the EternalBlue exploit on Windows SMB servers.', 'The significance of detecting open ports, such as 139 and 445, indicating potential vulnerabilities to exploit.', 'Utilizing Metasploit to launch the exploit and set the payload to gain access to the victim machine.', 'The process of running a stealth scan and its comparison to a normal scan, highlighting the difficulty of detecting stealth scans.', 'Detecting services running on the vulnerable machine through service scans using Nmap.']}, {'end': 30733.119, 'segs': [{'end': 29952.806, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 29911.966, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 29917.85, 'text': 'Even though it does not use the Calamares installer, even downloading the ISO file can be a bit hectic for newer users.', 'start': 29911.966, 'duration': 5.884}, {'end': 29924.894, 'text': 'Considering this is a distribution aimed at developers and intermediate users, finding the right link can be difficult,', 'start': 29918.41, 'duration': 6.484}, {'end': 29930.117, 'text': 'because of which we have mentioned the link on the screen below where you can get the latest ISO,', 'start': 29924.894, 'duration': 5.223}, {'end': 29932.579, 'text': 'depending on which desktop environment you choose to go with.', 'start': 29930.117, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 29940.864, 'text': "With the installation out of the way, let's take a direct comparison of the features between both Ubuntu and Debian.", 'start': 29935.541, 'duration': 5.323}, {'end': 29952.806, 'text': 'Debian is a community-driven open-source Linux distribution and is primarily aimed to be robust, capable, and most importantly free.', 'start': 29945.56, 'duration': 7.246}], 'summary': 'Downloading the iso file for this linux distribution can be challenging for newer users, aimed at developers and intermediate users, with the link provided on the screen.', 'duration': 40.84, 'max_score': 29911.966, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE29911966.jpg'}, {'end': 30003.217, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 29974.216, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 29976.137, 'text': 'at least when compared with Ubuntu directly.', 'start': 29974.216, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 29984.359, 'text': 'Both Ubuntu and Debian use the same APT software packaging management system but provide a different software repository.', 'start': 29978.277, 'duration': 6.082}, {'end': 29988.22, 'text': 'Debian is more like promoting freedom of choosing free software.', 'start': 29985.179, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 29991.601, 'text': 'Thus, it does not include any proprietary software by default.', 'start': 29988.6, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 29995.814, 'text': 'You can always install the paid versions, but you have to enable it manually.', 'start': 29992.452, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 30003.217, 'text': 'Ubuntu focuses on usability, including all the software, including free, paid, open source, closed source, etc.', 'start': 29996.534, 'duration': 6.683}], 'summary': 'Debian promotes freedom with no proprietary software, while ubuntu emphasizes usability with a variety of software choices.', 'duration': 29.001, 'max_score': 29974.216, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE29974216.jpg'}, {'end': 30191.046, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 30158.311, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 30165.113, 'text': 'The vast amount of data flow between corporations and consumer needs to be secured, considering that they are entrusted with a lot of belief.', 'start': 30158.311, 'duration': 6.802}, {'end': 30172.875, 'text': 'A company can spend millions of dollars on the most secure servers, but it takes a single hacker to ruin all the goodwill between the organizations.', 'start': 30165.913, 'duration': 6.962}, {'end': 30181.76, 'text': 'To prevent these malicious attacks, many automated security systems have been developed, but none of them have been as used as IDS platforms,', 'start': 30173.755, 'duration': 8.005}, {'end': 30184.001, 'text': 'which are also known as intrusion detection systems.', 'start': 30181.76, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 30188.104, 'text': 'Welcome to this introductory lesson on intrusion detection systems.', 'start': 30185.122, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 30191.046, 'text': "So let's go through the topics that we are going to cover today.", 'start': 30188.744, 'duration': 2.302}], 'summary': 'Intrusion detection systems are crucial for securing data flow and preventing malicious attacks.', 'duration': 32.735, 'max_score': 30158.311, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE30158311.jpg'}, {'end': 30499, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 30469.917, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 30473.319, 'text': 'One is signature-based intrusion and the anomaly-based intrusion.', 'start': 30469.917, 'duration': 3.402}, {'end': 30482.922, 'text': 'Signature-based intrusion detection is designed to detect possible threats by comparing the given network traffic and log data to existing attack patterns.', 'start': 30474.379, 'duration': 8.543}, {'end': 30489.444, 'text': 'These patterns are called sequences and could include byte sequence, which is also known as malicious instruction sequences.', 'start': 30483.822, 'duration': 5.622}, {'end': 30495.406, 'text': 'Signature-based detection enables you to accurately detect and identify possible known attacks.', 'start': 30490.444, 'duration': 4.962}, {'end': 30499, 'text': 'Anomaly-based intrusion detection is the opposite.', 'start': 30496.638, 'duration': 2.362}], 'summary': 'Intrusion detection includes signature-based and anomaly-based methods for identifying known and unknown threats.', 'duration': 29.083, 'max_score': 30469.917, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE30469917.jpg'}], 'start': 29220.844, 'title': 'Network security and server vulnerabilities', 'summary': 'Discusses exploiting apache server vulnerabilities with nmap, compares ubuntu and debian, and explores intrusion detection systems, emphasizing tailored implementation and highlighting solarwinds security event manager and mcafee livesafe.', 'chapters': [{'end': 29254.511, 'start': 29220.844, 'title': 'Exploiting apache server vulnerabilities', 'summary': 'Discusses the need to identify the specific apache server version to apply the appropriate exploit, highlighting the use of nmap in determining vulnerabilities, amidst the ongoing advancements in computer hardware.', 'duration': 33.667, 'highlights': ['Nmap can help identify the exact exploit to run and which vulnerability to target when dealing with different versions of Apache server, ensuring precise application of exploits. (Quantifiable data: N/A)', 'The discussion emphasizes the importance of checking the particular version of the Apache server being run to apply the appropriate exploit, underscoring the specificity required in exploiting vulnerabilities. (Quantifiable data: N/A)', 'The transcript mentions the ongoing advancements in computer hardware while highlighting the continued need for further discoveries in the software side of technology. (Quantifiable data: N/A)']}, {'end': 29634.24, 'start': 29255.438, 'title': 'Ubuntu vs debian: a comparison', 'summary': "Compares the user-friendly features, support, and community contributions of ubuntu and debian, highlighting ubuntu as the most popular, user-friendly, and well-supported linux distribution, while showcasing debian's stability, feature richness, and wide community contributions.", 'duration': 378.802, 'highlights': ['Ubuntu is the most popular Linux distribution, suitable for both servers and desktops, with a 6-month release cycle and long-term support every 2 years, offering user-friendly experience, extensive software compatibility, and community support. Most popular Linux distribution overall; long term support (LTS) every 2 years', 'Debian, the foundational operating system, offers a stable, feature-rich environment, supporting various desktop environments and serving as the base for many other popular Linux distributions, showcasing the power of Debian alongside its community-driven development. Stable and feature-rich environment; base for many other popular Linux distributions', 'Ubuntu provides a simple desktop, easy installer, and automatic installation of essential multimedia support, while Debian offers a variety of desktop environments to choose from, including the ability to choose individual ISO files for each environment. Ubuntu provides simple desktop and easy installer; Debian offers choice of desktop environments and individual ISO files']}, {'end': 30352.832, 'start': 29637.216, 'title': 'Ubuntu, debian & intrusion detection systems', 'summary': 'Discusses the features, installation process, and comparison between ubuntu and debian, emphasizing their unique aspects and targeted user base, while also providing an overview of intrusion detection systems and the necessity for tailored implementation.', 'duration': 715.616, 'highlights': ['Ubuntu and Debian are compared in terms of performance, software repository, and target audience, with a focus on their unique features and user base. ', 'The installation process for Ubuntu and Debian is described, highlighting the support for different devices and the challenges faced by newer users in obtaining the ISO file for Debian. Ubuntu dropped support for 32-bit systems and ARM devices, while Debian supports a wide range of devices, including 32-bit systems.', "The differences in approach towards software packaging and inclusion of proprietary software are explained, emphasizing Ubuntu's focus on usability and the introduction of the Snap package management system. Debian prioritizes freedom of choosing free software and does not include proprietary software by default, while Ubuntu includes all types of software, including free, paid, open source, and closed source.", "The targeted user base and advantages of Ubuntu and Debian are highlighted, mentioning Ubuntu's suitability for novice users and users with newer hardware, and Debian's appeal to experienced users and its usefulness for home or corporate servers. ", 'An overview of intrusion detection systems (IDS) is provided, covering the definition, functioning, and the need for tailored implementation based on unique enterprise requirements. ']}, {'end': 30733.119, 'start': 30354.133, 'title': 'Intrusion detection systems (ids)', 'summary': 'Discusses the types of protection offered by ids, different types of intruders ids platforms must be aware of, and the ways ids platforms can detect intrusion. it also covers the types of ids deployment tactics and tools that excel in this field, including solarwinds security event manager and mcafee livesafe.', 'duration': 378.986, 'highlights': ['Signature-based and anomaly-based intrusion detection methods The chapter explains signature-based intrusion detection, which compares network traffic to existing attack patterns, and anomaly-based intrusion detection, which uses machine learning to pinpoint unknown attacks.', "Types of intruders: masqueraders and misfeasors It details the category of unauthorized individuals known as masqueraders, who exploit users' privacy, and the category of authorized individuals known as misfeasors, who misuse granted access and privilege.", 'Types of IDS deployment tactics: network-based, host-based, and cloud-based IDS It covers the deployment tactics including network-based IDS, which monitors inbound and outbound traffic, host-based IDS, which detects anomalous traffic within the organization, and cloud-based IDS, which is optimized for monitoring cloud environments.', 'Tools for intrusion detection: SolarWinds Security Event Manager and McAfee LiveSafe It discusses the SolarWinds Security Event Manager, designed to integrate real-time log data for network-based and host-based IDS, and the McAfee LiveSafe, which uses signature-based and anomaly-based intrusion detection to identify malicious activity.']}], 'duration': 1512.275, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE29220844.jpg', 'highlights': ['Nmap ensures precise application of exploits by identifying the exact exploit to run and which vulnerability to target for different versions of Apache server.', 'Ubuntu, the most popular Linux distribution, offers long-term support (LTS) every 2 years and extensive software compatibility.', 'Debian, the foundational operating system, provides a stable and feature-rich environment, serving as the base for many other popular Linux distributions.', 'Ubuntu provides a simple desktop, easy installer, and automatic installation of essential multimedia support, while Debian offers a variety of desktop environments to choose from.', 'Ubuntu and Debian are compared in terms of performance, software repository, and target audience, emphasizing their unique features and user base.', "The differences in approach towards software packaging and inclusion of proprietary software are explained, highlighting Ubuntu's focus on usability and Debian's prioritization of freedom of choosing free software.", 'An overview of intrusion detection systems (IDS) is provided, covering the definition, functioning, and the need for tailored implementation based on unique enterprise requirements.', 'The chapter explains signature-based intrusion detection, which compares network traffic to existing attack patterns, and anomaly-based intrusion detection, which uses machine learning to pinpoint unknown attacks.', "It details the category of unauthorized individuals known as masqueraders, who exploit users' privacy, and the category of authorized individuals known as misfeasors, who misuse granted access and privilege.", 'It covers the deployment tactics including network-based IDS, which monitors inbound and outbound traffic, host-based IDS, which detects anomalous traffic within the organization, and cloud-based IDS, which is optimized for monitoring cloud environments.', 'It discusses the SolarWinds Security Event Manager, designed to integrate real-time log data for network-based and host-based IDS, and the McAfee LiveSafe, which uses signature-based and anomaly-based intrusion detection to identify malicious activity.']}, {'end': 33014.195, 'segs': [{'end': 30931.884, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 30908.187, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 30915.132, 'text': 'For the entry of new users or the changing of the roles of existing users, the list of access privileges must be up to date all the time.', 'start': 30908.187, 'duration': 6.945}, {'end': 30921.336, 'text': 'IAM functions usually fall under IT departments or sections that handle cybersecurity and data management.', 'start': 30916.073, 'duration': 5.263}, {'end': 30928.778, 'text': "Now that we understand the importance of IAM in today's cybersecurity sphere, let us understand the process of this framework.", 'start': 30922.947, 'duration': 5.831}, {'end': 30931.884, 'text': 'We have multiple components that aid this process.', 'start': 30928.819, 'duration': 3.065}], 'summary': 'Iam ensures up-to-date access privileges for new and existing users, vital for cybersecurity.', 'duration': 23.697, 'max_score': 30908.187, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE30908187.jpg'}, {'end': 31086.733, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 31055.401, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 31060.545, 'text': "With the working of IAM frameworks out of the way, let's cover some of the tools that these systems work on.", 'start': 31055.401, 'duration': 5.144}, {'end': 31071.635, 'text': "SSO is an IAM tool that enables a user to log into one of an organization's properties and automatically be logged into a design set of other properties.", 'start': 31063.248, 'duration': 8.387}, {'end': 31079.001, 'text': "For example, when you log into Google, you're automatically logged into your Gmail and your YouTube accounts.", 'start': 31073.697, 'duration': 5.304}, {'end': 31086.733, 'text': "Similarly for users, single sign-on reduces friction since they don't have to keep track of different credentials for every application.", 'start': 31080.006, 'duration': 6.727}], 'summary': 'Iam tools like sso enable seamless user logins across multiple properties, reducing friction and credential management.', 'duration': 31.332, 'max_score': 31055.401, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE31055401.jpg'}, {'end': 32158.227, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 32130.761, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 32137.928, 'text': 'And auditing would basically mean about looking at compliance to ensure that everything is in place.', 'start': 32130.761, 'duration': 7.167}, {'end': 32146.296, 'text': "You're compliant with, let's say ISO 27001 guidelines or the policies that you have created yourself and everything is working in order.", 'start': 32138.068, 'duration': 8.228}, {'end': 32151.381, 'text': "So it's more of a checklist where you're going to just check everything is in place and you're conforming to standards.", 'start': 32146.396, 'duration': 4.985}, {'end': 32158.227, 'text': 'This certification is also provided by ISACA and the exam fees for ISACA members are $575,', 'start': 32151.821, 'duration': 6.406}], 'summary': 'Auditing ensures compliance with iso 27001 guidelines and policies, with isaca exam fees at $575 for members.', 'duration': 27.466, 'max_score': 32130.761, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE32130761.jpg'}, {'end': 32595.917, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 32570.546, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 32576.108, 'text': "They design and maintain any network that supports the company's lifecycle and growth opportunities.", 'start': 32570.546, 'duration': 5.562}, {'end': 32582.471, 'text': 'Network engineers take charge of the configuration and installation of network devices and services.', 'start': 32576.829, 'duration': 5.642}, {'end': 32590.975, 'text': 'They also collaborate with the security team and ensure network security through the implementation of tools and procedures in line with them.', 'start': 32583.632, 'duration': 7.343}, {'end': 32595.917, 'text': 'They monitor network performance and ensure reliability and availability.', 'start': 32592.015, 'duration': 3.902}], 'summary': 'Network engineers maintain and secure company network, ensuring reliability and availability.', 'duration': 25.371, 'max_score': 32570.546, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE32570546.jpg'}, {'end': 32994.944, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 32967.271, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 32975.059, 'text': 'And finally, at number 1 on our list, we have the role of a Chief Information Security Officer, CISO.', 'start': 32967.271, 'duration': 7.788}, {'end': 32979.152, 'text': 'CISOs are senior-level officers in an organization.', 'start': 32976.03, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 32982.434, 'text': 'Their duty is to ensure the safety of the information.', 'start': 32979.612, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 32987.939, 'text': 'They develop, implement and maintain information security and risk management programs.', 'start': 32983.055, 'duration': 4.884}, {'end': 32994.944, 'text': 'Additionally, they also interact with stakeholders and regularly brief them with information security concerns.', 'start': 32988.82, 'duration': 6.124}], 'summary': 'Cisos are top officers responsible for information safety and risk management.', 'duration': 27.673, 'max_score': 32967.271, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE32967271.jpg'}], 'start': 30734.179, 'title': 'Importance of cybersecurity', 'summary': 'Covers iam for cybersecurity, highlighting its processes, tools, and advantages, the importance of cybersecurity certifications, including ccna certification, an overview of it security certifications, information systems security certifications, and the top 10 highest paying cybersecurity jobs for 2022 with salaries ranging from $80,000 to $195,000 in the united states and from 4 to 20 lakh rupees in india.', 'chapters': [{'end': 31259.618, 'start': 30734.179, 'title': 'Iam for cybersecurity', 'summary': 'Explores the importance of identity and access management (iam) in cybersecurity, covering its processes, tools, and advantages, such as enabling threat detection, continuous monitoring, and mitigation of security risks, while also simplifying user management processes and lowering operating costs.', 'duration': 525.439, 'highlights': ['Importance of IAM for Threat Detection IAM enables continuous monitoring of IT infrastructure for suspicious activity and misconfigurations, preventing data leaks and compliance breaches.', 'IAM Workflow and Processes IAM involves the processes of identifying, authenticating, and authorizing individuals or items, with the core objective being one digital identity per entity.', 'Tools in IAM Framework IAM employs tools such as Single Sign-On (SSO) for seamless access across various applications, and Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) to protect data from malicious intrusions.', 'Advantages of IAM Systems IAM systems help identify and mitigate security risks, enforce security policies, simplify user management, and lower operating costs.']}, {'end': 31499.385, 'start': 31260.279, 'title': 'Importance of cybersecurity certifications', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of cybersecurity certifications, including the benefits for job eligibility, the knowledge and exam aspects, and the potential for career advancement and employment opportunities. it also provides detailed information about the ccna certification, including prerequisites, exam format, and pass marks.', 'duration': 239.106, 'highlights': ['The importance of cybersecurity certifications for job eligibility, knowledge acquisition, and interview preparation.', 'The detailed information about the CCNA certification, including prerequisites, exam format, and pass marks.', 'The potential employment opportunities for fresher with cybersecurity certifications and career advancement for professionals.', 'The three aspects of a cybersecurity certification: training, exam preparation, and eligibility for job roles.', "The CCNA certification's exam format includes multiple choice questions, drag and drop, and simulator questions, with a pass mark of 800 to 850 out of 1000."]}, {'end': 32046.428, 'start': 31499.705, 'title': 'It security certifications overview', 'summary': "Provides an overview of various it security certifications including job roles, recommended experience, exam details, and average annual salaries, such as comcha's security plus, ceh, cnd, forensic investigator, cobit 5, and cism.", 'duration': 546.723, 'highlights': ["Comcha's Security Plus certification provides hands-on practical skills in network security, with expected annual salaries ranging from $55,000 to $90,000 in the US. The Security Plus certification from Comcha offers practical skills in network security, with expected annual salaries ranging from $55,000 to $90,000 in the US.", 'CEH certification focuses on offensive security and penetration testing, with average annual salaries starting around $90,000. The CEH certification focuses on offensive security and penetration testing, with average annual salaries starting around $90,000.', 'CND certification is centered around network defense, with job roles including network administrator and network security engineer, and average annual salaries ranging from $65,000 to $75,000. The CND certification focuses on network defense, with job roles including network administrator and network security engineer, and average annual salaries ranging from $65,000 to $75,000.', 'Forensic Investigator certification is for digital forensic investigation, with expected salaries around $88,000 and above, and is sought after in law enforcement and corporate sectors. The Forensic Investigator certification is for digital forensic investigation, with expected salaries around $88,000 and is sought after in law enforcement and corporate sectors.', 'COBIT 5 certification provides in-depth knowledge of IT governance and management, with annual salaries around $100,000 plus for roles such as information security manager or cybersecurity manager. The COBIT 5 certification provides in-depth knowledge of IT governance and management, with annual salaries around $100,000 plus for roles such as information security manager or cybersecurity manager.', 'CISM certification focuses on the relationship between business goals and information security, requiring around five years of work experience with a background as an information security manager for three years, and average annual salaries starting at $100,000. The CISM certification focuses on the relationship between business goals and information security, requiring around five years of work experience with a background as an information security manager for three years, and average annual salaries starting at $100,000.']}, {'end': 32420.571, 'start': 32046.428, 'title': 'Information systems security certifications', 'summary': 'Discusses various information systems security certifications including cisa, crisc, and cissp, highlighting job roles, average salaries, certification providers, exam fees, and exam details, emphasizing the importance of experience and knowledge in information systems security.', 'duration': 374.143, 'highlights': ['CISSP certification requires five years of experience in information security field and is considered the gold standard of all certifications. CISSP certification is highly regarded and requires five years of experience in information security field.', 'CRISC certification qualifies for job roles such as risk manager or information security consultant, and requires a minimum of three years of experience in IS controls. CRISC certification qualifies for roles like risk manager and information security consultant, requiring a minimum of three years of experience in IS controls.', 'CISA certification is highly reputed, requires a minimum of five years of work experience in information systems, auditing, control, or security, and offers average salaries of around $88,000 and above. CISA certification requires a minimum of five years of work experience and offers average salaries of $88,000 and above.']}, {'end': 33014.195, 'start': 32421.071, 'title': 'Top 10 highest paying cybersecurity jobs', 'summary': 'Highlights the top 10 highest paying cybersecurity jobs for 2022, with the average annual salaries ranging from $80,000 to $195,000 in the united states and from 4 to 20 lakh rupees in india, emphasizing the increasing demand for skilled cybersecurity professionals and the lucrative nature of the field.', 'duration': 593.124, 'highlights': ['The average annual salary of a Chief Information Security Officer in the States is $195,000, and in India it is 19 lakh rupees per annum. Highlights the role of Chief Information Security Officer as the highest paying cybersecurity job with average annual salaries in the United States and India.', 'The average annual salary for a Security Architect in the US is $150,000, and in India, it is around 20 lakh rupees per annum. Emphasizes the high average annual salaries for Security Architects in the United States and India, making it one of the top paying cybersecurity jobs.', 'The average annual salary of a Senior Security Consultant in the States is $104,000, and in India it is nearly 12 lakh rupees. Highlights the role of Senior Security Consultant as one of the top paying cybersecurity jobs with significant average annual salaries in the United States and India.', 'The average annual salary for a cybersecurity engineer in the United States is over $101,000, and in India, the average salary is nearly 7 lakh rupees. Emphasizes the high average annual salaries for cybersecurity engineers in the United States and India, making it a lucrative cybersecurity job role.', 'The average annual salary for an Application Security Engineer in the US is around $110,000, and in India, they make around 9 lakh rupees per annum. Highlights the role of Application Security Engineer as one of the top paying cybersecurity jobs with high average annual salaries in the United States and India.', 'The average annual salary of an Information Security Analyst is around $99,000 per annum in the States and nearly 7 lakh rupees per annum in India. Emphasizes the high average annual salaries for Information Security Analysts in the United States and India, making it a lucrative cybersecurity job role.', 'The average annual salary of a Malware Analyst in the US is about $97,000, and the average salary is around 5 lakh rupees in India. Highlights the role of Malware Analyst as a well-paying cybersecurity job with significant average annual salaries in the United States and India.', 'The average annual salary for a certified Ethical Hacker in the US is approximately $96,000, and in India, they earn around 5 lakh rupees per annum. Emphasizes the high average annual salaries for certified Ethical Hackers in the United States and India, making it a lucrative cybersecurity job role.', 'The average annual salary of a Network Engineer in the US is over $85,000, and in India, the average salary is 4 lakh rupees annually. Highlights the role of Network Engineer as one of the top paying cybersecurity jobs with significant average annual salaries in the United States and India.', 'The average annual salary of a Cybersecurity Analyst in the United States is about $80,000, and in India, it is nearly 6 lakh rupees annually. Emphasizes the high average annual salaries for Cybersecurity Analysts in the United States and India, making it a lucrative cybersecurity job role.']}], 'duration': 2280.016, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE30734179.jpg', 'highlights': ['IAM enables continuous monitoring of IT infrastructure for suspicious activity and misconfigurations, preventing data leaks and compliance breaches.', 'IAM involves the processes of identifying, authenticating, and authorizing individuals or items, with the core objective being one digital identity per entity.', 'The importance of cybersecurity certifications for job eligibility, knowledge acquisition, and interview preparation.', 'The average annual salary of a Chief Information Security Officer in the States is $195,000, and in India it is 19 lakh rupees per annum.', 'CISSP certification requires five years of experience in information security field and is considered the gold standard of all certifications.', 'The average annual salary for a Security Architect in the US is $150,000, and in India, it is around 20 lakh rupees per annum.', 'The average annual salary of a Senior Security Consultant in the States is $104,000, and in India it is nearly 12 lakh rupees.', 'The average annual salary for a cybersecurity engineer in the United States is over $101,000, and in India, the average salary is nearly 7 lakh rupees.', 'The average annual salary for an Application Security Engineer in the US is around $110,000, and in India, they make around 9 lakh rupees per annum.', 'The average annual salary of an Information Security Analyst is around $99,000 per annum in the States and nearly 7 lakh rupees per annum in India.']}, {'end': 35430.915, 'segs': [{'end': 33527.97, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 33489.53, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 33496.152, 'text': 'So one-to-one, right? So one machine talking to another machine and nobody else.', 'start': 33489.53, 'duration': 6.622}, {'end': 33499.133, 'text': 'So also known as point-to-point communications.', 'start': 33496.652, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 33500.534, 'text': 'One point to another point.', 'start': 33499.553, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 33505.836, 'text': 'If you have to send information to multiple receivers, then you will have to send it using multicast.', 'start': 33500.934, 'duration': 4.902}, {'end': 33510.718, 'text': 'So this is where your multicast networking comes into picture.', 'start': 33507.477, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 33517.822, 'text': "So in our case, let's assume it's a network where there's a class C network, approximately 255 odd machines.", 'start': 33510.759, 'duration': 7.063}, {'end': 33521.966, 'text': 'And within these, there are two machines that want to talk to each other.', 'start': 33518.744, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 33527.97, 'text': 'If they want to talk between each other, it would be a point-to-point communication where they will utilize unicast,', 'start': 33522.966, 'duration': 5.004}], 'summary': 'Point-to-point communication involves one machine talking to another machine, and multicast networking is used for sending information to multiple receivers.', 'duration': 38.44, 'max_score': 33489.53, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE33489530.jpg'}, {'end': 33882.51, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 33858.322, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 33865.285, 'text': "you're basically looking at an intrusion detection system or intrusion prevention system in today's world called as a next-gen firewall.", 'start': 33858.322, 'duration': 6.963}, {'end': 33873.427, 'text': 'So a packet filtering firewall essentially will only analyze data packets for its source and destination, IP addresses,', 'start': 33866.445, 'duration': 6.982}, {'end': 33876.728, 'text': 'port numbers and the protocol that is being utilized.', 'start': 33873.427, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 33882.51, 'text': 'It will then map that information to the rules that are there on the firewall and based on those rules,', 'start': 33877.088, 'duration': 5.422}], 'summary': 'Next-gen firewall acts as intrusion detection/prevention system, analyzing packets for source/destination ip, port numbers, and protocol.', 'duration': 24.188, 'max_score': 33858.322, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE33858322.jpg'}, {'end': 33927.175, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 33898.644, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 33903.726, 'text': 'Package filtering firewalls, since we have mentioned that they work on IP addressing and port numbers,', 'start': 33898.644, 'duration': 5.082}, {'end': 33906.806, 'text': 'will work on the network layer of the OSI model.', 'start': 33903.726, 'duration': 3.08}, {'end': 33909.587, 'text': 'Also on the transport layer because you also look at protocols.', 'start': 33907.126, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 33918.791, 'text': 'Proxy firewalls will work at layer 7,, which is the application layer of the OSI model, and will deal with application level protocols such as HTTP,', 'start': 33910.387, 'duration': 8.404}, {'end': 33922.313, 'text': 'HTTPS, FTP, SMTP and so on so forth.', 'start': 33918.791, 'duration': 3.522}, {'end': 33927.175, 'text': 'And the third one is a stateful multilayer inspection firewall.', 'start': 33923.934, 'duration': 3.241}], 'summary': 'Firewalls operate at different layers of osi model, including network, transport, and application layers.', 'duration': 28.531, 'max_score': 33898.644, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE33898644.jpg'}, {'end': 34009.899, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 33982.443, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 33988.789, 'text': 'If getting your learning started is half the battle, what if you could do that for free? Visit SkillUp by SimplyLearn.', 'start': 33982.443, 'duration': 6.346}, {'end': 33991.411, 'text': 'Click on the link in the description to know more.', 'start': 33989.129, 'duration': 2.282}, {'end': 33999.279, 'text': 'Then moving on to question number five, what is a VPN? VPN is also called a virtual private network.', 'start': 33992.492, 'duration': 6.787}, {'end': 34003.042, 'text': 'It is a connection between a VPN server and a VPN client.', 'start': 33999.679, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 34009.899, 'text': 'So it basically creates an encrypted tunnel between the client and the VPN server,', 'start': 34004.255, 'duration': 5.644}], 'summary': 'Skillup by simplylearn offers free learning resources. vpn creates encrypted tunnel between client and server.', 'duration': 27.456, 'max_score': 33982.443, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE33982443.jpg'}, {'end': 34118.775, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 34084.402, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 34086.263, 'text': 'But before we go into the advantages,', 'start': 34084.402, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 34093.608, 'text': 'distributed computing is basically where multiple machines will pool their resources together to run a singular application.', 'start': 34086.263, 'duration': 7.345}, {'end': 34099.251, 'text': 'So an application that has multiple resources and can scale up and scale down as and when required.', 'start': 34093.708, 'duration': 5.543}, {'end': 34104.375, 'text': 'The advantages are that it can be very useful in data recovery.', 'start': 34100.032, 'duration': 4.343}, {'end': 34110.128, 'text': 'For example, RAID, where you are striping data on various hard disks.', 'start': 34105.424, 'duration': 4.704}, {'end': 34118.775, 'text': 'It is reliable, it is cheaper, lower cost can be achieved and it is easy to expand because of the scalability factor that we just talked about.', 'start': 34110.728, 'duration': 8.047}], 'summary': 'Distributed computing pools resources for scalable applications, aiding data recovery and offering reliability, cost-effectiveness, and easy scalability.', 'duration': 34.373, 'max_score': 34084.402, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE34084402.jpg'}, {'end': 34191.545, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 34128.646, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 34133.913, 'text': 'That this data is created live and stored on a connection of computers.', 'start': 34128.646, 'duration': 5.267}, {'end': 34138.879, 'text': 'So if one of the computers goes offline, the other computers in that network will still have that data.', 'start': 34133.933, 'duration': 4.946}, {'end': 34142.703, 'text': 'and the blockchain will still function without any issues.', 'start': 34139.66, 'duration': 3.043}, {'end': 34149.269, 'text': 'The second point, a glitch in one machine does not affect the processing as there will be multiple other machines like we discussed in the blockchain.', 'start': 34143.283, 'duration': 5.986}, {'end': 34153.713, 'text': 'Several cost effective mini computers are used instead of costlier mainframe machines.', 'start': 34149.949, 'duration': 3.764}, {'end': 34156.155, 'text': 'So, instead of having a server bank,', 'start': 34153.733, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 34165.403, 'text': 'I can have multiple machines interconnected together and they can function in that particular blockchain or for that particular distributed processing mechanism.', 'start': 34156.155, 'duration': 9.248}, {'end': 34170.461, 'text': 'Depending on the amount of data processing, more computers can be attached to the network.', 'start': 34166.618, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 34177.205, 'text': 'Thus, you can increase the number of computers that can be a part of that blockchain or you can reduce them as and when necessary.', 'start': 34170.541, 'duration': 6.664}, {'end': 34179.167, 'text': 'Moving on to question number seven.', 'start': 34177.545, 'duration': 1.622}, {'end': 34180.968, 'text': 'What is TCP IP?', 'start': 34179.447, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 34191.545, 'text': 'TCPIP, or Transmission Control Protocol over Internet Protocol is a set of communication protocols that are used to interconnect networking devices on the Internet.', 'start': 34182.403, 'duration': 9.142}], 'summary': 'Blockchain enables data storage across interconnected computers, ensuring continuous functioning and cost-effectiveness.', 'duration': 62.899, 'max_score': 34128.646, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE34128646.jpg'}, {'end': 34303.549, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 34273.301, 'weight': 14, 'content': [{'end': 34277.444, 'text': 'What do you mean by IP config and IF config? Both of these are commands.', 'start': 34273.301, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 34281.327, 'text': 'The first one on a Windows machine, the second one on a Linux machine.', 'start': 34277.564, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 34284.958, 'text': 'So ipconfig is known as the Internet Protocol Configuration.', 'start': 34282.096, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 34294.704, 'text': 'This is a command that is used on the command line interface of Microsoft Windows to view all the adapters and the configuration of each and every adapters for their network interfaces.', 'start': 34285.518, 'duration': 9.186}, {'end': 34303.549, 'text': 'So, as you can see on the right hand side in the command prompt screen, if, once you type in the ipconfig command on the C prompt and press enter,', 'start': 34295.084, 'duration': 8.465}], 'summary': 'Ip config and if config are commands for windows and linux, used to view network adapter configurations.', 'duration': 30.248, 'max_score': 34273.301, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE34273301.jpg'}, {'end': 34467.333, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 34442.521, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 34448.086, 'text': 'So if you look at your home Wi-Fi right now, that is one of the best examples of having a workgroup.', 'start': 34442.521, 'duration': 5.565}, {'end': 34451.778, 'text': 'The domain on the other hand is a centralized network model.', 'start': 34449.195, 'duration': 2.583}, {'end': 34459.045, 'text': 'So, in a corporate environment, whenever you go there and you got a domain based username and password which, when entered onto a particular machine,', 'start': 34452.158, 'duration': 6.887}, {'end': 34466.071, 'text': 'gives you access to the entire network or whatever applications and whatever resources have been allocated to you.', 'start': 34459.045, 'duration': 7.026}, {'end': 34467.333, 'text': 'that is where the domain comes in.', 'start': 34466.071, 'duration': 1.262}], 'summary': 'Comparison of workgroup and domain in network models, with domain providing centralized access to network resources in a corporate environment.', 'duration': 24.812, 'max_score': 34442.521, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE34442521.jpg'}, {'end': 34514.805, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 34479.383, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 34485.547, 'text': "So coming back to the domain, it is an administrator who's going to manage the entire domain and all of the resources connected to the domain.", 'start': 34479.383, 'duration': 6.164}, {'end': 34494.093, 'text': 'The resources could be switches, routers, servers, data stores, applications, web servers, mail exchange servers and so on so forth.', 'start': 34486.247, 'duration': 7.846}, {'end': 34498.336, 'text': 'So all of these are administered by an administrator through the domain.', 'start': 34494.313, 'duration': 4.023}, {'end': 34508.341, 'text': 'It is the most reliable and optimum solution for a large network where multiple users are going to interconnect and share that data amongst each other.', 'start': 34499.176, 'duration': 9.165}, {'end': 34511.883, 'text': 'Right The computer can be connected to any network.', 'start': 34509.342, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 34514.805, 'text': 'That means you can be on the Internet and through the Internet using a VPN.', 'start': 34511.923, 'duration': 2.882}], 'summary': 'An administrator manages various resources in a domain for large networks, providing reliable connectivity and data sharing among multiple users.', 'duration': 35.422, 'max_score': 34479.383, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE34479383.jpg'}, {'end': 34788.561, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 34765.619, 'weight': 19, 'content': [{'end': 34773.984, 'text': "where they're basically prone to victimize the user and then rob them of money or install some malware.", 'start': 34765.619, 'duration': 8.365}, {'end': 34777.375, 'text': 'do some other malicious activity.', 'start': 34775.314, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 34781.818, 'text': 'if you want to enhance encryption about data that you have stored on your devices or on your,', 'start': 34777.375, 'duration': 4.443}, {'end': 34788.561, 'text': 'or that is accessed by your software or being transmitted by your software, use encryption encrypt your data whether it is at rest,', 'start': 34781.818, 'duration': 6.743}], 'summary': 'Users are vulnerable to being victimized and robbed of money or having malware installed; encryption can protect stored and transmitted data.', 'duration': 22.942, 'max_score': 34765.619, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE34765619.jpg'}, {'end': 34860.723, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 34829.677, 'weight': 17, 'content': [{'end': 34835.861, 'text': 'So you want to use secure DNS or DNS over HTTPS to encrypt your DNS queries as well.', 'start': 34829.677, 'duration': 6.184}, {'end': 34846.256, 'text': 'So in a nutshell, if you follow these eight steps, your devices, your computers, your applications are going to be as secure as possible.', 'start': 34838.092, 'duration': 8.164}, {'end': 34851.278, 'text': 'The next question, discuss security related aspects between C, C++ and Java.', 'start': 34846.816, 'duration': 4.462}, {'end': 34852.959, 'text': 'Now, this is an open ended question.', 'start': 34851.598, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 34860.723, 'text': "It depends on which level you're giving an interview on, but you're looking at it from a freshers perspective or a less experienced perspective.", 'start': 34852.999, 'duration': 7.724}], 'summary': 'Encrypt dns queries, follow 8 steps for maximum security, and compare c, c++, and java for fresher-level interviews.', 'duration': 31.046, 'max_score': 34829.677, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE34829677.jpg'}, {'end': 34908.767, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 34878.13, 'weight': 18, 'content': [{'end': 34879.13, 'text': 'C++ and Java.', 'start': 34878.13, 'duration': 1}, {'end': 34880.631, 'text': 'So, when we say pointers,', 'start': 34879.47, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 34897.32, 'text': 'We are looking at how we are using pointers and stacks and heaps to point to functions and how we exit those functions and how those functions are then recalled into the next function.', 'start': 34881.651, 'duration': 15.669}, {'end': 34900.382, 'text': 'So C supports pointers, it is most secure.', 'start': 34897.38, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 34905.165, 'text': 'C++ also supports pointers, but it is a little bit less secure than C.', 'start': 34900.942, 'duration': 4.223}, {'end': 34906.465, 'text': 'Java, it is not supported.', 'start': 34905.165, 'duration': 1.3}, {'end': 34908.767, 'text': 'Tarot access is given to memory allocation.', 'start': 34906.806, 'duration': 1.961}], 'summary': 'Comparison of pointer usage in c, c++, and java, with c being the most secure.', 'duration': 30.637, 'max_score': 34878.13, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE34878130.jpg'}], 'start': 33014.195, 'title': 'Cybersecurity and networking fundamentals', 'summary': 'Covers 50+ cybersecurity interview questions, networking concepts like unicasting, multicasting, broadcasting, dns, firewalls, and vpn, along with tcpip protocols, data encapsulation, and security measures, including securing dns and malware sources. it emphasizes key areas such as osi model layers, tcp, udp, ip addressing, mac addressing, and the difference between domain and workgroup networks, providing practical applications and advantages. it also includes the role of tcpip in networking, commands for network interface configuration, and the security aspects of programming languages like c, c++, and java, with java being highlighted as the most secure.', 'chapters': [{'end': 33443.718, 'start': 33014.195, 'title': 'Cybersecurity interview questions', 'summary': 'Discusses 50+ cybersecurity interview questions in networking, software, operating systems, cyber attacks, and cryptography, emphasizing the osi model and its layers, with key points on tcp, udp, ip addressing, and mac addressing.', 'duration': 429.523, 'highlights': ['The OSI model and its layers are explained, including the functionalities of each layer, such as physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer, providing a comprehensive understanding of networking concepts.', 'The functionalities of TCP and UDP protocols in the transport layer are highlighted, emphasizing the reliability of TCP with its three-way handshake and acknowledgment packets, as well as the connection-less nature of UDP, offering a clear distinction between the two protocols.', 'The importance of IP addressing and routing in the network layer is emphasized, including the mention of IP version 4 and IP version 6, showcasing the significance of network layer in managing data transmission and logical addressing.', 'The role of MAC addressing in the data link layer is explained, demonstrating its function in encoding/decoding data packets into bits and its utilization for routing data packets over the network, providing a fundamental understanding of MAC addressing in networking.', 'The significance of the application layer in utilizing specific protocols for communication, such as HTTP or HTTPS, is highlighted, offering insights into how applications generate and format data for transmission, showcasing the practical application of the application layer.']}, {'end': 34170.461, 'start': 33443.718, 'title': 'Networking and security fundamentals', 'summary': 'Covers the concepts of unicasting, multicasting, and broadcasting, dns, firewalls, vpn, and distributed processing. it explains the key principles and functions of these technologies, including their practical applications and advantages.', 'duration': 726.743, 'highlights': ['Unicast, multicast, and broadcast networking principles Explains the differences between unicast, multicast, and broadcast networking, including practical examples and the number of machines involved.', "Functionality and importance of DNS Describes DNS as the 'phone book' of the internet, translating domain names to IP addresses and the process of DNS resolution.", 'Types and functionalities of firewalls Provides an overview of firewalls, including their basic functionality, types, and their specific roles in network security.', 'Explanation of VPN and its encryption mechanism Describes VPN as a secure connection between a client and server, highlighting the encrypted tunnel and its role in securing internet connections.', 'Advantages and practical applications of distributed processing Explores the benefits of distributed processing, including data recovery, reliability, cost-effectiveness, scalability, and real-world applications like blockchain.']}, {'end': 34382.879, 'start': 34170.541, 'title': 'Tcpip and ip config explained', 'summary': 'Discusses tcpip, a set of protocols for internet communication, including its role in networking and the command ipconfig for windows and ifconfig for linux to view and configure network interfaces.', 'duration': 212.338, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the role of TCPIP in internet communication, emphasizing its essential role in networking and its protocol suite for end-to-end communication.', 'The command ipconfig on Windows and ifconfig on Linux are elaborated, showcasing their use to view and configure network interfaces, including details such as IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways.', 'The TCP IP model is compared to the OSI model, highlighting its compression of seven layers into four layers: network access, internet, transport, and application layers.']}, {'end': 34829.297, 'start': 34382.879, 'title': 'Domain vs workgroup', 'summary': 'Explains the difference between a domain and a workgroup, highlighting that a workgroup is a decentralized network with individual machine management, suitable for small networks, while a domain is a centralized network model managed by an administrator, ideal for large networks, and also covers the concept of data encapsulation in networking and computer security best practices.', 'duration': 446.418, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the difference between a domain and a workgroup, highlighting that a workgroup is a decentralized network with individual machine management, suitable for small networks, while a domain is a centralized network model managed by an administrator, ideal for large networks. Workgroup is decentralized, suitable for small networks | Each machine manages resources individually | Domain is centralized, managed by an administrator, ideal for large networks', 'Data encapsulation refers to the process of adding headers and trailers to the data, with the data link layer binding each packet into a frame containing the hardware address of the source and destination computer. Data encapsulation adds headers and trailers to data | Data link layer binds packets into frames with hardware addresses', 'The chapter provides computer security best practices, including multi-factor authentication, secure passwords, regular updates, antivirus and firewall installation, anti-phishing software, encryption, and securing DNS. Computer security best practices: multi-factor authentication, secure passwords, regular updates, antivirus and firewall installation, anti-phishing software, encryption, securing DNS']}, {'end': 35430.915, 'start': 34829.677, 'title': 'Securing dns and malware sources', 'summary': 'Covers steps to secure devices using dns over https and compares the security aspects of c, c++, and java, highlighting java as the most secure. it also discusses common sources of malware, including pop-up ads, usbs, internet downloads, network connections, email attachments, and malicious advertisements.', 'duration': 601.238, 'highlights': ['Java is the most secure out of C, C++, and Java based on aspects like pointers, code translations, storage allocation, and inheritance. Java is the most secure due to its use of a garbage collector for storage allocation, lack of support for pointers, and limited support for inheritance compared to C and C++.', 'Common sources of malware include pop-up ads, USBs, internet downloads, network connections, email attachments, and malicious advertisements. Various sources of malware such as pop-up ads, USBs, internet downloads, network connections, email attachments, and malicious advertisements are discussed, highlighting the need for caution when interacting with these sources.', 'C++ is considered to be at a mid-level of security between C and Java based on the discussed aspects. C++ is considered to be at a mid-level of security between C and Java based on aspects like pointers, code translations, storage allocation, and inheritance.']}], 'duration': 2416.72, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE33014195.jpg', 'highlights': ['Covers 50+ cybersecurity interview questions, networking concepts like unicasting, multicasting, broadcasting, DNS, firewalls, and VPN, along with TCP/IP protocols, data encapsulation, and security measures, including securing DNS and malware sources.', 'The OSI model and its layers are explained, including the functionalities of each layer, such as physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer, providing a comprehensive understanding of networking concepts.', 'The functionalities of TCP and UDP protocols in the transport layer are highlighted, emphasizing the reliability of TCP with its three-way handshake and acknowledgment packets, as well as the connection-less nature of UDP, offering a clear distinction between the two protocols.', 'The importance of IP addressing and routing in the network layer is emphasized, including the mention of IP version 4 and IP version 6, showcasing the significance of network layer in managing data transmission and logical addressing.', 'The role of MAC addressing in the data link layer is explained, demonstrating its function in encoding/decoding data packets into bits and its utilization for routing data packets over the network, providing a fundamental understanding of MAC addressing in networking.', 'The significance of the application layer in utilizing specific protocols for communication, such as HTTP or HTTPS, is highlighted, offering insights into how applications generate and format data for transmission, showcasing the practical application of the application layer.', 'Unicast, multicast, and broadcast networking principles Explains the differences between unicast, multicast, and broadcast networking, including practical examples and the number of machines involved.', "Functionality and importance of DNS Describes DNS as the 'phone book' of the internet, translating domain names to IP addresses and the process of DNS resolution.", 'Types and functionalities of firewalls Provides an overview of firewalls, including their basic functionality, types, and their specific roles in network security.', 'Explanation of VPN and its encryption mechanism Describes VPN as a secure connection between a client and server, highlighting the encrypted tunnel and its role in securing internet connections.', 'Advantages and practical applications of distributed processing Explores the benefits of distributed processing, including data recovery, reliability, cost-effectiveness, scalability, and real-world applications like blockchain.', 'The chapter explains the role of TCP/IP in internet communication, emphasizing its essential role in networking and its protocol suite for end-to-end communication.', 'The command ipconfig on Windows and ifconfig on Linux are elaborated, showcasing their use to view and configure network interfaces, including details such as IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways.', 'The TCP IP model is compared to the OSI model, highlighting its compression of seven layers into four layers: network access, internet, transport, and application layers.', 'The chapter explains the difference between a domain and a workgroup, highlighting that a workgroup is a decentralized network with individual machine management, suitable for small networks, while a domain is a centralized network model managed by an administrator, ideal for large networks.', 'Data encapsulation refers to the process of adding headers and trailers to the data, with the data link layer binding each packet into a frame containing the hardware address of the source and destination computer.', 'The chapter provides computer security best practices, including multi-factor authentication, secure passwords, regular updates, antivirus and firewall installation, anti-phishing software, encryption, and securing DNS.', 'Java is the most secure out of C, C++, and Java based on aspects like pointers, code translations, storage allocation, and inheritance.', 'Common sources of malware include pop-up ads, USBs, internet downloads, network connections, email attachments, and malicious advertisements.', 'C++ is considered to be at a mid-level of security between C and Java based on the discussed aspects.']}, {'end': 37785.668, 'segs': [{'end': 35630.39, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 35581.568, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 35587.864, 'text': 'stopping, stop functioning, thus creating a break in the business, can come under technical right.', 'start': 35581.568, 'duration': 6.296}, {'end': 35600.99, 'text': "so anything to do with computers let's say a server failing or a patch that is not installed on a particular software those would come under technical threats.", 'start': 35587.864, 'duration': 13.126}, {'end': 35602.371, 'text': 'and then the supply system.', 'start': 35600.99, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 35608.658, 'text': 'the supply system are your environmental threats, which depend on your supply chain failures.', 'start': 35602.371, 'duration': 6.287}, {'end': 35611.24, 'text': 'what is the supply chain for the office to function?', 'start': 35608.658, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 35614.846, 'text': 'there are a lot of dependencies that office goes through.', 'start': 35611.24, 'duration': 3.606}, {'end': 35622.819, 'text': 'There are a lot of other vendors that support and provide critical infrastructure, non-critical infrastructure for the office to function.', 'start': 35615.106, 'duration': 7.713}, {'end': 35624.883, 'text': 'First and foremost, electricity.', 'start': 35623.56, 'duration': 1.323}, {'end': 35630.39, 'text': "without electricity nothing is going to be powered on and you're not going to be able to function.", 'start': 35626.069, 'duration': 4.321}], 'summary': 'Technical threats include server failure, supply chain failures, and electricity dependency.', 'duration': 48.822, 'max_score': 35581.568, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE35581568.jpg'}, {'end': 36075.289, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 36042.765, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 36048.748, 'text': 'Then the testing phase comes in, then the security testing phase comes in, and then the user acceptance testing comes in.', 'start': 36042.765, 'duration': 5.983}, {'end': 36054.712, 'text': 'But in every stage, at the very earliest of all stages, a static test will always be started.', 'start': 36049.188, 'duration': 5.524}, {'end': 36062.518, 'text': 'to see whatever code has been developed, whatever scope has been developed, whether that scope is going to be correct or not.', 'start': 36055.652, 'duration': 6.866}, {'end': 36064.68, 'text': 'this will include walkthroughs and code review.', 'start': 36062.518, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 36066.061, 'text': 'what is a walkthrough?', 'start': 36064.68, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 36075.289, 'text': 'a walkthrough is going through documents that have been generated and trying to find faults in the documented journey that has been that has been created so far.', 'start': 36066.061, 'duration': 9.228}], 'summary': 'Static testing is conducted at the earliest stage, encompassing code and scope validation via walkthroughs and code reviews.', 'duration': 32.524, 'max_score': 36042.765, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE36042765.jpg'}, {'end': 36195.748, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 36171.828, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 36178.014, 'text': 'and the management is then going to figure out a way of patching those vulnerabilities so that they can be mitigated.', 'start': 36171.828, 'duration': 6.186}, {'end': 36181.737, 'text': 'Moving on to the next question what are the test levels in software testing?', 'start': 36178.334, 'duration': 3.403}, {'end': 36187.702, 'text': 'So, as far as software testing is concerned, there are four test levels module testing, integration testing,', 'start': 36182.217, 'duration': 5.485}, {'end': 36190.885, 'text': 'system testing and the final one is acceptance testing.', 'start': 36187.702, 'duration': 3.183}, {'end': 36195.748, 'text': 'So in the testing phase of your development lifecycle, the first thing is a module test.', 'start': 36191.425, 'duration': 4.323}], 'summary': 'Management to patch vulnerabilities, 4 test levels in software testing.', 'duration': 23.92, 'max_score': 36171.828, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE36171828.jpg'}, {'end': 36510.299, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 36482.858, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 36489.341, 'text': "But for a computer, when it has, let's say, a 4GB memory or RAM, as in this scenario, on your screen,", 'start': 36482.858, 'duration': 6.483}, {'end': 36494.543, 'text': 'it is going to replicate that and is going to create another 4GB of virtual memory on the hard disk.', 'start': 36489.341, 'duration': 5.202}, {'end': 36497.965, 'text': 'And it is going to use it in tandem along with the RAM.', 'start': 36495.204, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 36501.196, 'text': 'So, if the RAM is insufficient,', 'start': 36499.375, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 36510.299, 'text': 'the processor is going to utilize the 4GB of the virtual memory that is created on the hard disk and it is going to swap data from the RAM to the hard disk.', 'start': 36501.196, 'duration': 9.103}], 'summary': 'Computer can use 4gb virtual memory when ram is insufficient.', 'duration': 27.441, 'max_score': 36482.858, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE36482858.jpg'}, {'end': 36585.555, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 36557.264, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 36559.086, 'text': 'The second one is the short test job first.', 'start': 36557.264, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 36567.775, 'text': 'This is the process where the short test execution time for that process is calculated and that process is selected first for the CPU.', 'start': 36559.727, 'duration': 8.048}, {'end': 36570.688, 'text': 'Then there is priority scheduling.', 'start': 36569.107, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 36574.009, 'text': 'This scheduler selects the tasks to work as per priority.', 'start': 36571.148, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 36579.352, 'text': 'So there would be some tasks that are marked with high priority, some would be normal, and some would be low.', 'start': 36574.43, 'duration': 4.922}, {'end': 36585.555, 'text': 'So based on this high, normal, or low priority, all the processes will be classified.', 'start': 36579.692, 'duration': 5.863}], 'summary': 'Short test job gets executed first, followed by priority scheduling based on high, normal, and low priorities.', 'duration': 28.291, 'max_score': 36557.264, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE36557264.jpg'}, {'end': 36969.093, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 36942.434, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 36947.035, 'text': 'For example, MSN Sniffer would work on Microsoft operating systems.', 'start': 36942.434, 'duration': 4.601}, {'end': 36950.876, 'text': 'EtherCAP would be based on Linux and so on and so forth.', 'start': 36948.116, 'duration': 2.76}, {'end': 36955.137, 'text': "So on the screen, you'll see six different sniffing tools that work on different operating systems.", 'start': 36950.896, 'duration': 4.241}, {'end': 36960.299, 'text': 'Wireshark is something that is common both on Windows and Linux.', 'start': 36955.678, 'duration': 4.621}, {'end': 36963.925, 'text': 'It is used to analyze network in detail.', 'start': 36961.801, 'duration': 2.124}, {'end': 36969.093, 'text': 'It is the de facto tool that you will come across in most of your ethical hacking trainings,', 'start': 36963.965, 'duration': 5.128}], 'summary': 'Various sniffing tools work on different os, including wireshark, a common tool for ethical hacking.', 'duration': 26.659, 'max_score': 36942.434, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE36942434.jpg'}, {'end': 37129.651, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 37099.743, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 37103.085, 'text': 'and then we are trying to figure out what an operating system is in the first place.', 'start': 37099.743, 'duration': 3.342}, {'end': 37106.746, 'text': 'But an operating system essentially, as the slide says,', 'start': 37103.485, 'duration': 3.261}, {'end': 37113.027, 'text': 'is a software program that provides a platform for computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software.', 'start': 37106.746, 'duration': 6.281}, {'end': 37118.288, 'text': 'So it is basically an enabler for human interaction with the hardware that you have.', 'start': 37113.507, 'duration': 4.781}, {'end': 37124.67, 'text': "If you take the operating system out of the question, it's just some hardware which cannot interact with you.", 'start': 37118.788, 'duration': 5.882}, {'end': 37129.651, 'text': 'But essentially, when you have operating system like Microsoft Windows or Linux or Mac,', 'start': 37125.69, 'duration': 3.961}], 'summary': 'An operating system is a software enabling human interaction with computer hardware.', 'duration': 29.908, 'max_score': 37099.743, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE37099743.jpg'}, {'end': 37593.204, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 37567.557, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 37573.441, 'text': 'uh, generation, uh, the logical addresses are generated by the cpu during the processing time,', 'start': 37567.557, 'duration': 5.884}, {'end': 37580.547, 'text': 'whereas physical addresses are generated are computed by the memory management unit or the mmu that you have on your computers.', 'start': 37573.441, 'duration': 7.106}, {'end': 37587.916, 'text': 'And as far as logical addresses, they are variable, whereas a physical address is always going to be constant.', 'start': 37581.687, 'duration': 6.229}, {'end': 37593.204, 'text': 'Looking at the next question what is the difference between logical address space and physical address space?', 'start': 37588.417, 'duration': 4.787}], 'summary': 'Logical addresses generated by cpu, physical addresses by mmu. logical addresses are variable, physical addresses are constant.', 'duration': 25.647, 'max_score': 37567.557, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE37567557.jpg'}, {'end': 37695.987, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 37672.707, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 37680.282, 'text': 'for example, the KSH, known as a con shell, is used for high level programming, which supports associative arrays and built-in operations.', 'start': 37672.707, 'duration': 7.575}, {'end': 37687.064, 'text': 'The CSH or the C shell has different functionality like spelling corrections and job controls.', 'start': 37680.702, 'duration': 6.362}, {'end': 37695.987, 'text': 'The ZSH or the ZShell provides unique features like file generation, startup files and FISH friendly interactive shell,', 'start': 37687.564, 'duration': 8.423}], 'summary': 'Ksh supports associative arrays, csh has spelling corrections, zsh provides file generation', 'duration': 23.28, 'max_score': 37672.707, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE37672707.jpg'}, {'end': 37790.232, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 37762.625, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 37769.272, 'text': 'completed or terminated, it has completed its execution or was terminated by the operating system for some reason or the other.', 'start': 37762.625, 'duration': 6.647}, {'end': 37773.576, 'text': 'So this is where the processing has been completed.', 'start': 37769.532, 'duration': 4.044}, {'end': 37781.124, 'text': 'And the last state is zombie where the process is terminated but the process table still holds the information.', 'start': 37774.517, 'duration': 6.607}, {'end': 37785.668, 'text': 'Maybe it is waiting for the kill request before it gets terminated.', 'start': 37781.785, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 37790.232, 'text': 'So these are the five states for a Linux process to be in.', 'start': 37786.55, 'duration': 3.682}], 'summary': 'Linux process can be in five states, including zombie state.', 'duration': 27.607, 'max_score': 37762.625, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE37762625.jpg'}], 'start': 35431.655, 'title': 'Company threats and risk management', 'summary': 'Discusses various types of threats a company can face, including natural, manmade, technical, and supply system threats, and provides examples and strategies for mitigation. it also covers threat identification, testing techniques, software testing methods, levels, virtual memory, scheduling algorithms, network tools, and operating systems.', 'chapters': [{'end': 35671.757, 'start': 35431.655, 'title': 'Company threats and risk management', 'summary': 'Discusses the types of threats a company can face, which include natural threats, manmade threats, technical threats, and supply system threats, with examples and strategies for mitigation.', 'duration': 240.102, 'highlights': ['Natural threats include storms, earthquakes, and flooding, and companies need to identify immediate threats and prepare for them, such as locating offices on higher floors to minimize the threat of flooding. Examples of natural threats and strategies for mitigation.', 'Manmade threats encompass strikes, hackers, theft, and war, requiring businesses to plan and have a business continuity or disaster recovery plan in place. Examples of manmade threats and the need for business continuity plans.', 'Technical threats involve software bugs, hardware failures, and supply chain failures, necessitating the implementation of backup systems and disaster recovery plans. Examples of technical threats and the need for backup systems.']}, {'end': 36002.6, 'start': 35671.757, 'title': 'Threat identification and testing techniques', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of identifying supply chain failures, natural threats, and system vulnerabilities, as well as the significance of black box and white box testing in emulating external and internal attacks, along with the functional test of use case testing.', 'duration': 330.843, 'highlights': ['The importance of identifying supply chain failures, natural threats, and system vulnerabilities is discussed. The chapter emphasizes the need to identify supply chain failures, natural threats, and system vulnerabilities as critical threats to business continuity.', 'The significance of black box and white box testing in emulating external and internal attacks is explained. The distinction between black box testing, which emulates external attacks, and white box testing, which emulates internal attacks, is detailed, highlighting their importance in identifying system vulnerabilities.', "The functional test of use case testing is described. The concept of use case testing as a functional, black box test to assess the functionality of software and test scenarios is elucidated, emphasizing the tester's limited knowledge of the system's internal workings."]}, {'end': 36464.861, 'start': 36002.6, 'title': 'Software testing methods and levels', 'summary': 'Explains the concepts of static and dynamic testing, the stages of software development life cycle, and the different test levels in software testing, emphasizing the importance of static testing in preventing vulnerabilities and the steps to resolve issues while testing.', 'duration': 462.261, 'highlights': ['Static testing is done in the early stage of development life cycle and ensures prevention of vulnerabilities by identifying flaws in the code and application scope, including walkthroughs and code reviews, providing immediate accuracy and prevention mechanisms (100% accuracy in a short amount of time).', 'Dynamic testing is conducted at the end of the development life cycle, involving functional and non-functional testing to identify vulnerabilities and report them for mitigation, focusing on cure.', "The four test levels in software testing are module testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing, each focusing on different aspects such as testing routines, integration of multiple softwares and APIs, performance of the entire system including hardware and software, and quality assurance of meeting client's requirements.", 'The valuable steps to resolve issues while testing involve recording, reporting, and introducing a control process, with a focus on accurate reporting, investigation by higher level managers, and interaction between developers and testers for mitigating flaws in the application.']}, {'end': 37033.849, 'start': 36465.641, 'title': 'Virtual memory and scheduling algorithms', 'summary': 'Discusses virtual memory, where a computer creates virtual memory on the hard disk to supplement ram, and six different scheduling algorithms for processor tasks. it also covers the five steps involved in hacking a server or network and various sniffing tools for capturing data packets over a network.', 'duration': 568.208, 'highlights': ['Virtual Memory Explanation The computer creates virtual memory on the hard disk to supplement RAM, allowing it to swap data between RAM and the hard disk when RAM is insufficient.', 'Scheduling Algorithms The chapter explains six different scheduling algorithms for processor tasks, including first come first serve, short test job first, priority scheduling, multiple level queues, shortest remaining time, and round-robin method.', 'Hacking Steps It details the five steps involved in hacking a server or network, covering reconnaissance, scanning, gaining access, maintaining access, and covering tracks.', 'Sniffing Tools The chapter discusses various sniffing tools for capturing data packets over a network, including Wireshark, tcpdump, and MSN Sniffer, and emphasizes their relevance for troubleshooting network issues.']}, {'end': 37785.668, 'start': 37034.349, 'title': 'Network tools and operating systems', 'summary': 'Discusses various network tools including ethercap, dsnf, and etherape, their functionalities, and similarities, along with insights on operating systems, the definition, types, and differences, and also covers the types of operating systems and their functionalities.', 'duration': 751.319, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses various network tools including EtherCAP, DSNF, and EtherApe, their functionalities, and similarities. The tools mentioned are used for launching man-in-the-middle attacks, capturing data packets, and capturing network traffic, with some having additional functionality such as specific filters to troubleshoot network issues.', 'Insights on operating systems, the definition, types, and differences, and also covers the types of operating systems and their functionalities. The chapter provides insights into the definition of an operating system as a software program that enables human interaction with computer hardware, mentions popular operating systems like Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS, and discusses the differences between microkernels and macrokernels, along with the types of operating systems and their functionalities such as batched OS, distributed OS, time sharing OS, multi-programmed OS, and real-time OS.', 'The chapter explains the difference between logical address space and physical address space, covering aspects such as generation, visibility, and accessibility. It covers the definitions of logical and physical addresses, their visibility and accessibility, the generation of logical addresses by the CPU and physical addresses by the memory management unit, and the variable nature of logical addresses compared to the constant nature of physical addresses.', 'An overview of various shells used in Linux and their functionalities is provided. The chapter explains the usage of different shells such as bash, KSH, CSH, and ZSH, highlighting their specific functionalities for regular scripting, high-level programming, spelling corrections and job controls, and unique features like file generation and auto suggestions.', 'The chapter outlines the process states in Linux, including ready, running, blocked or wait, completed or terminated, and zombie states. It explains the different states a process can be in, such as ready, running, blocked or wait, completed or terminated, and zombie states, detailing their respective functions and statuses.']}], 'duration': 2354.013, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE35431655.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the need to identify supply chain failures, natural threats, and system vulnerabilities as critical threats to business continuity.', 'The distinction between black box testing, which emulates external attacks, and white box testing, which emulates internal attacks, is detailed, highlighting their importance in identifying system vulnerabilities.', 'Static testing is done in the early stage of development life cycle and ensures prevention of vulnerabilities by identifying flaws in the code and application scope, including walkthroughs and code reviews, providing immediate accuracy and prevention mechanisms (100% accuracy in a short amount of time).', "The four test levels in software testing are module testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing, each focusing on different aspects such as testing routines, integration of multiple softwares and APIs, performance of the entire system including hardware and software, and quality assurance of meeting client's requirements.", 'The computer creates virtual memory on the hard disk to supplement RAM, allowing it to swap data between RAM and the hard disk when RAM is insufficient.', 'The chapter explains six different scheduling algorithms for processor tasks, including first come first serve, short test job first, priority scheduling, multiple level queues, shortest remaining time, and round-robin method.', 'The chapter discusses various sniffing tools for capturing data packets over a network, including Wireshark, tcpdump, and MSN Sniffer, and emphasizes their relevance for troubleshooting network issues.', 'The chapter provides insights into the definition of an operating system as a software program that enables human interaction with computer hardware, mentions popular operating systems like Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS, and discusses the differences between microkernels and macrokernels, along with the types of operating systems and their functionalities such as batched OS, distributed OS, time sharing OS, multi-programmed OS, and real-time OS.', 'It covers the definitions of logical and physical addresses, their visibility and accessibility, the generation of logical addresses by the CPU and physical addresses by the memory management unit, and the variable nature of logical addresses compared to the constant nature of physical addresses.', 'The chapter explains the usage of different shells such as bash, KSH, CSH, and ZSH, highlighting their specific functionalities for regular scripting, high-level programming, spelling corrections and job controls, and unique features like file generation and auto suggestions.', 'It explains the different states a process can be in, such as ready, running, blocked or wait, completed or terminated, and zombie states, detailing their respective functions and statuses.']}, {'end': 38858.537, 'segs': [{'end': 37870.304, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 37843.283, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 37861.257, 'text': 'SQL injection vulnerability or structured query language injection vulnerability is where a user can maliciously inject a SQL input or a SQL statement in a query and send it to the database and evoke a response out of it.', 'start': 37843.283, 'duration': 17.974}, {'end': 37865.76, 'text': 'So this vulnerability is not specifically to the database.', 'start': 37862.178, 'duration': 3.582}, {'end': 37870.304, 'text': 'The vulnerability lies more in the application and the coding of that application.', 'start': 37866.401, 'duration': 3.903}], 'summary': 'Sql injection allows users to inject malicious sql input, not specific to the database.', 'duration': 27.021, 'max_score': 37843.283, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE37843283.jpg'}, {'end': 37981.781, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 37936.607, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 37941.07, 'text': "in spoofing, you're basically assuming the identity of another person.", 'start': 37936.607, 'duration': 4.463}, {'end': 37948.113, 'text': 'so here the attacker pretends to be some other person or an organization and sends you an email that appears to be a legitimate email.', 'start': 37941.07, 'duration': 7.043}, {'end': 37950.175, 'text': 'it looks almost genuine.', 'start': 37948.113, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 37958.795, 'text': 'it has been constructed to replicate what a genuine email would have been, and it is very difficult to spot fake one.', 'start': 37950.175, 'duration': 8.62}, {'end': 37965.136, 'text': "there are different ways to identify whether an email is genuine or not, but that's for a different video.", 'start': 37958.795, 'duration': 6.341}, {'end': 37971.698, 'text': 'moving on to the next question, what is a distributed denial of service attack or a DDoS attack?', 'start': 37965.136, 'duration': 6.562}, {'end': 37972.618, 'text': 'now? generally,', 'start': 37971.698, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 37981.781, 'text': 'a denial of service attack is an attack where legitimate users are prevented access to the resources that they legitimately can access right.', 'start': 37972.618, 'duration': 9.163}], 'summary': "Spoofing involves assuming another's identity to send deceptive emails, while a ddos attack denies legitimate users access to resources.", 'duration': 45.174, 'max_score': 37936.607, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE37936607.jpg'}, {'end': 38267.439, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 38244.025, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 38252.09, 'text': 'Now ransomware is a type of malware that blocks victims to access personal files and demands ransom to regain access.', 'start': 38244.025, 'duration': 8.065}, {'end': 38253.291, 'text': 'There are three categories.', 'start': 38252.31, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 38256.793, 'text': "Before we go into the categories, let's just revisit what ransomware is.", 'start': 38253.331, 'duration': 3.462}, {'end': 38258.514, 'text': "Let's start with the word malware.", 'start': 38257.113, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 38267.439, 'text': 'Malware is a malicious software that poses as a legitimate software, but has a payload that will have a security impact on your machine.', 'start': 38258.674, 'duration': 8.765}], 'summary': 'Ransomware blocks access to files and demands ransom. malware poses as legitimate software with security impact.', 'duration': 23.414, 'max_score': 38244.025, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE38244025.jpg'}, {'end': 38439.318, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 38416.358, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 38427.505, 'text': "cyber attack is an activity that is caused by a malicious user who wants to try to get access or do some security incidents on the victim's devices.", 'start': 38416.358, 'duration': 11.147}, {'end': 38429.67, 'text': 'So there are two ways that can happen.', 'start': 38428.089, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 38432.232, 'text': "It's either in an active manner or a passive manner.", 'start': 38429.991, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 38439.318, 'text': "In an active manner, the intruder attempts to disrupt a network's normalcy, modifies data, and tries to alter the system's resources.", 'start': 38432.332, 'duration': 6.986}], 'summary': 'Cyber attacks can occur actively or passively, causing disruption and data modification.', 'duration': 22.96, 'max_score': 38416.358, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE38416358.jpg'}, {'end': 38550.555, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 38523.164, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 38527.706, 'text': 'that is where the social engineering attack comes in creating that scenario,', 'start': 38523.164, 'duration': 4.542}, {'end': 38531.728, 'text': 'which will ensure that these people give out this confidential information.', 'start': 38527.706, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 38534.089, 'text': 'now there are three categories in this attack.', 'start': 38531.728, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 38539.671, 'text': 'one, the first one is a phishing attack, second is a spear phishing attack, and a third is a railing attack.', 'start': 38534.089, 'duration': 5.582}, {'end': 38543.573, 'text': 'now, phishing attack is basically a generic attack.', 'start': 38539.671, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 38546.174, 'text': 'it is targeted to the world at large.', 'start': 38543.573, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 38550.555, 'text': 'whoever falls prey to that attack will be a victim,', 'start': 38546.174, 'duration': 4.381}], 'summary': 'Social engineering attacks involve phishing, spear phishing, and whaling, targeting victims with confidential information.', 'duration': 27.391, 'max_score': 38523.164, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE38523164.jpg'}, {'end': 38805.194, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 38773.2, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 38778.142, 'text': 'The main difference between a black hat and a white hat is the authorization and the intent.', 'start': 38773.2, 'duration': 4.942}, {'end': 38787.291, 'text': 'The next question, what are honeypots? Now honeypots are a very interesting device that can be introduced in a network.', 'start': 38778.769, 'duration': 8.522}, {'end': 38794.772, 'text': 'These basically are decoy servers that are implemented in a network to attract the attention of an attacker.', 'start': 38788.271, 'duration': 6.501}, {'end': 38805.194, 'text': 'It is there to lure an attacker into attacking that particular device, thus creating a security blanket for the rest of the devices.', 'start': 38795.832, 'duration': 9.362}], 'summary': 'Honeypots lure attackers to protect network. decoy servers create security blanket.', 'duration': 31.994, 'max_score': 38773.2, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE38773200.jpg'}], 'start': 37786.55, 'title': 'Cybersecurity threats and defenses', 'summary': 'Covers sql injection, spoofing, ddos attacks, arp poisoning, ransomware, active and passive cyber attacks, social engineering, man in the middle attacks, and the concept of honeypots in network security, detailing preventive measures and impacts.', 'chapters': [{'end': 37843.283, 'start': 37786.55, 'title': 'Linux process states & sql injection', 'summary': 'Covers the five states of a linux process and introduces 10 questions on cyber attacks, starting with an explanation of sql injection and the variations of databases using structured query language.', 'duration': 56.733, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the five states of a Linux process and introduces 10 questions on cyber attacks.', 'SQL injection is explained as a language used by most databases, including MySQL, Microsoft SQL, Oracle SQL, and IBM databases.', 'Structured query language is utilized by various databases to interact with applications, each with its own syntax.']}, {'end': 38398.105, 'start': 37843.283, 'title': 'Cybersecurity threats overview', 'summary': 'Covers sql injection vulnerability, spoofing, ddos attacks, arp poisoning, and ransomware, detailing their impact and preventive measures.', 'duration': 554.822, 'highlights': ['SQL injection vulnerability SQL injection vulnerability is caused by unvalidated input in an application, allowing attackers to inject SQL statements and potentially access unauthorized data.', 'Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack DDoS attacks involve overwhelming a network or server with traffic, often through a botnet, to prevent legitimate users from accessing resources.', 'Spoofing Spoofing involves assuming the identity of another person or organization, often through deceptive emails, aiming to trick recipients into believing the communication is legitimate.', "Ransomware Ransomware encrypts victims' data and demands payment for decryption, with scareware, screen lockers, and encrypting ransomware being common types.", 'ARP poisoning ARP poisoning is an attack that manipulates the address resolution protocol to create a man-in-the-middle situation, which can be prevented through packet filtering, avoiding trust relationships, or using ARP spoofing software.']}, {'end': 38858.537, 'start': 38398.706, 'title': 'Cybersecurity threats and defenses', 'summary': 'Discusses active and passive cyber attacks, social engineering attacks, man in the middle attacks, and the roles of black hat and white hat hackers. it also explains the concept of honeypots in network security.', 'duration': 459.831, 'highlights': ["Difference Between Active and Passive Cyber Attacks Active cyber attacks involve disrupting a network's normalcy, modifying data, and altering system resources, while passive attacks involve intercepting data without modifying it.", 'Social Engineering Attacks and Categories Social engineering attacks manipulate people into giving up confidential information, with categories including phishing, spear phishing, and availing attacks targeting specific groups or individuals.', 'Man in the Middle Attack In a man in the middle attack, the attacker eavesdrops on the communication between a client and a server by posing as the server, potentially copying or modifying the data being transmitted.', 'Black Hat and White Hat Hackers Black hat hackers illegally hack into systems for personal gain, while white hat hackers discover and help mitigate vulnerabilities in computer networks with authorization from organizations.', 'Honeypots in Network Security Honeypots are decoy servers implemented in a network to attract attackers, simulate vulnerabilities, and alert administrators of potential attacks, serving as a security measure.']}], 'duration': 1071.987, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE37786550.jpg', 'highlights': ['SQL injection is explained as a language used by most databases, including MySQL, Microsoft SQL, Oracle SQL, and IBM databases.', 'DDoS attacks involve overwhelming a network or server with traffic, often through a botnet, to prevent legitimate users from accessing resources.', 'Spoofing involves assuming the identity of another person or organization, often through deceptive emails, aiming to trick recipients into believing the communication is legitimate.', "Ransomware encrypts victims' data and demands payment for decryption, with scareware, screen lockers, and encrypting ransomware being common types.", "Active cyber attacks involve disrupting a network's normalcy, modifying data, and altering system resources, while passive attacks involve intercepting data without modifying it.", 'Social engineering attacks manipulate people into giving up confidential information, with categories including phishing, spear phishing, and availing attacks targeting specific groups or individuals.', 'Honeypots are decoy servers implemented in a network to attract attackers, simulate vulnerabilities, and alert administrators of potential attacks, serving as a security measure.']}, {'end': 40008.807, 'segs': [{'end': 38905.1, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 38879.839, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 38889.746, 'text': 'Now, cryptography is used by security professionals to scramble data into non-readable format, which is used in securing that information.', 'start': 38879.839, 'duration': 9.907}, {'end': 38897.856, 'text': 'So it involves converting data from a readable format into a non-readable format and then reversing it back to readable format again.', 'start': 38891.311, 'duration': 6.545}, {'end': 38905.1, 'text': 'For example, the word computer is now scrambled into looking like an unreadable format.', 'start': 38898.696, 'duration': 6.404}], 'summary': 'Cryptography scrambles data for security, converting it to non-readable format.', 'duration': 25.261, 'max_score': 38879.839, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE38879839.jpg'}, {'end': 39076.315, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 39031.438, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 39035.66, 'text': 'The clear text, as discussed, is the plain word that we have utilized.', 'start': 39031.438, 'duration': 4.222}, {'end': 39037.561, 'text': 'We are using the English language in this instance.', 'start': 39035.68, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 39040.203, 'text': 'So the plain word computer is the clear text.', 'start': 39037.861, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 39045.426, 'text': 'Once we add the encryption layer to it, we get the ciphertext to it.', 'start': 39040.623, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 39055.444, 'text': 'Moving on to the next question, what is a block cipher? This refers to the method of encrypting the plain message block by block.', 'start': 39048.12, 'duration': 7.324}, {'end': 39058.786, 'text': 'The plain message is broken down into fixed size blocks and then encrypted.', 'start': 39055.704, 'duration': 3.082}, {'end': 39062.928, 'text': 'Now a block cipher is normally used for data that is stored.', 'start': 39059.106, 'duration': 3.822}, {'end': 39069.091, 'text': 'So a data that is stored on a hard disk and we want to encrypt that data, that is known as block encryption or a block cipher.', 'start': 39063.168, 'duration': 5.923}, {'end': 39076.315, 'text': 'So a block cipher is an algorithm that will allow you to encrypt data that is stored onto a hard disk.', 'start': 39069.332, 'duration': 6.983}], 'summary': 'Block cipher encrypts data stored on hard disks in fixed-size blocks.', 'duration': 44.877, 'max_score': 39031.438, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE39031438.jpg'}, {'end': 39123.855, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 39096.423, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 39101.605, 'text': 'Now, the public key infrastructure is a set of policies which secures the communication between a server and a client.', 'start': 39096.423, 'duration': 5.182}, {'end': 39104.286, 'text': 'It uses two cryptographic keys, public and private.', 'start': 39101.645, 'duration': 2.641}, {'end': 39113.549, 'text': 'So the infrastructure itself is a set of policies, people, procedures and techniques which are standardized in nature.', 'start': 39104.926, 'duration': 8.623}, {'end': 39123.855, 'text': 'and are globally accepted, which allow us to use digital certificates to encrypt data and decrypt the data at the other end.', 'start': 39114.489, 'duration': 9.366}], 'summary': 'Public key infrastructure secures communication using global standards and digital certificates.', 'duration': 27.432, 'max_score': 39096.423, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE39096423.jpg'}, {'end': 39313.906, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 39285.388, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 39288.611, 'text': 'So the PKI enables trusted digital identities for people.', 'start': 39285.388, 'duration': 3.223}, {'end': 39294.195, 'text': 'So the PKI grants secure access to digital resources based on the infrastructure that has been created.', 'start': 39288.971, 'duration': 5.224}, {'end': 39300.42, 'text': 'And the core of the PKI is a certification authority which ensures that the trustworthiness of the digital data is.', 'start': 39294.696, 'duration': 5.724}, {'end': 39310.044, 'text': 'So going back to the previous slide, these are the key players that have been standardized in the public key infrastructure.', 'start': 39302.501, 'duration': 7.543}, {'end': 39313.906, 'text': 'The certification authority is the authority that issues the digital certificates.', 'start': 39310.484, 'duration': 3.422}], 'summary': 'Pki provides trusted digital identities and secure access based on certification authority.', 'duration': 28.518, 'max_score': 39285.388, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE39285388.jpg'}, {'end': 39343.422, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 39318.627, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 39327.308, 'text': 'Moving on, what is RSA? RSA is one of the first public key cryptosystems that is used for secure data transmission.', 'start': 39318.627, 'duration': 8.681}, {'end': 39329.95, 'text': 'It stands for Rivest, Shamir and Edelman.', 'start': 39327.348, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 39333.213, 'text': 'Now these are the three people who have created this algorithm.', 'start': 39330.451, 'duration': 2.762}, {'end': 39338.938, 'text': 'Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Edelman who are the inventors of this technique.', 'start': 39333.673, 'duration': 5.265}, {'end': 39343.422, 'text': 'It is an asymmetric cryptography algorithm which works on both public and private keys.', 'start': 39339.478, 'duration': 3.944}], 'summary': 'Rsa is an asymmetric cryptography algorithm created by rivest, shamir, and edelman for secure data transmission.', 'duration': 24.795, 'max_score': 39318.627, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE39318627.jpg'}, {'end': 39500.398, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 39474.697, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 39480.759, 'text': 'So the main and the prime objectives of modern cryptography are as follows, mentioned on your screen', 'start': 39474.697, 'duration': 6.062}, {'end': 39482.64, 'text': 'The first one is confidentiality.', 'start': 39481.06, 'duration': 1.58}, {'end': 39484.821, 'text': 'The second one is non-repudiation.', 'start': 39483.36, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 39487.169, 'text': 'Third one is authenticity.', 'start': 39486.021, 'duration': 1.148}, {'end': 39488.982, 'text': 'And the fourth one is integrity.', 'start': 39487.592, 'duration': 1.39}, {'end': 39496.097, 'text': 'Now, if I go back to the first one, confidentiality, that is where I want to keep data confidential.', 'start': 39489.775, 'duration': 6.322}, {'end': 39500.398, 'text': 'That means it will only be visible to the authorized users, right?', 'start': 39496.457, 'duration': 3.941}], 'summary': 'Modern cryptography aims for confidentiality, non-repudiation, authenticity, and integrity of data.', 'duration': 25.701, 'max_score': 39474.697, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE39474697.jpg'}, {'end': 39803.101, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 39777.985, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 39783.968, 'text': 'As we have discussed previously, block cipher is a cipher that is used to encrypt data that is stored.', 'start': 39777.985, 'duration': 5.983}, {'end': 39788.133, 'text': 'So it has a 64-bit block size and byte-oriented algorithm.', 'start': 39785.051, 'duration': 3.082}, {'end': 39791.615, 'text': "Safer's encryption and decryption procedures are highly secure.", 'start': 39789.114, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 39794.877, 'text': 'This technology is widely used in applications like digital payment cards.', 'start': 39791.955, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 39803.101, 'text': "So when you're using a digital payment gateway to make transactions, so you have, you have gone onto an online portal,", 'start': 39794.897, 'duration': 8.204}], 'summary': 'Block cipher has 64-bit block size, used in digital payment cards', 'duration': 25.116, 'max_score': 39777.985, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE39777985.jpg'}], 'start': 38859.425, 'title': 'Cryptography and cybersecurity fundamentals', 'summary': 'Delves into the basics of cryptography, covering encryption and decryption processes, block cipher, pki, and rsa encryption. it also explores modern cryptography objectives and alternatives to rsa, such as duo security and google authenticator, while highlighting the role of safer and blowfish algorithms in digital payment cards.', 'chapters': [{'end': 39076.315, 'start': 38859.425, 'title': 'Cryptography and cybersecurity basics', 'summary': 'Discusses the fundamentals of cryptography, including the process of encryption and decryption, the difference between ciphertext and cleartext, and the concept of block cipher, aiming to provide insight into cybersecurity measures and strategies.', 'duration': 216.89, 'highlights': ['Cryptography involves converting data from a readable format into a non-readable format and then reversing it back to readable format again. Cryptography scrambles data into non-readable format and involves converting data from a readable format into a non-readable format and then reversing it back to readable format again.', 'The difference between ciphertext and cleartext is explained, where ciphertext refers to encrypted text and cleartext refers to the original, unencrypted text. Ciphertext refers to the text which is encrypted and totally undesirable, while the message received after decryption is known as clear text.', 'Block cipher is a method of encrypting plain message block by block, commonly used for encrypting data stored on a hard disk. Block cipher is the method of encrypting the plain message block by block and is commonly used for data that is stored, such as on a hard disk.']}, {'end': 39385.19, 'start': 39076.895, 'title': 'Understanding pki and rsa', 'summary': 'Covers the concept of public key infrastructure (pki) and rsa encryption, detailing pki components, processes, and the role of certification authority, with rsa explained as an asymmetric cryptography algorithm developed by rivest, shamir, and edelman.', 'duration': 308.295, 'highlights': ['The core of the PKI is a certification authority which ensures the trustworthiness of the digital data. PKI revolves around the certification authority, ensuring the trustworthiness of digital data.', 'PKI enables trusted digital identities for people and grants secure access to digital resources. PKI provides trusted digital identities and secure access to digital resources.', 'RSA is an asymmetric cryptography algorithm which works on both public and private keys. RSA is an asymmetric cryptography algorithm using public and private keys.', 'The public key infrastructure uses two cryptographic keys, public and private, for securing communication between a server and a client. PKI employs public and private cryptographic keys to secure server-client communication.', 'RSA is used for secure data transmission and stands for Rivest, Shamir, and Edelman, who created the algorithm. RSA, created by Rivest, Shamir, and Edelman, ensures secure data transmission.']}, {'end': 40008.807, 'start': 39385.725, 'title': 'Alternatives to rsa and objectives of modern cryptography', 'summary': 'Discusses alternatives to rsa including duo security, okta, google authenticator, and lastpass, and explores the prime objectives of modern cryptography: confidentiality, non-repudiation, authenticity, and integrity. it also touches upon safer as a block cipher widely used in digital payment cards and explains the working of public key infrastructure along with a brief overview of the blowfish algorithm.', 'duration': 623.082, 'highlights': ['Alternatives to RSA The chapter discusses alternatives to RSA including Duo Security, Okta, Google Authenticator, and LastPass.', 'Prime Objectives of Modern Cryptography The chapter explores the prime objectives of modern cryptography: confidentiality, non-repudiation, authenticity, and integrity.', 'SAFER Algorithm in Digital Payment Gateway SAFER is a block cipher widely used in applications like digital payment cards, ensuring high security based on PCI DSS standards.', 'Working of Public Key Infrastructure The chapter explains the working of public key infrastructure involving key players like certification authority, registration authority, end user, validation authority, and recipient.', 'Brief Overview of Blowfish Algorithm The chapter provides a brief overview of the Blowfish algorithm, a 64-bit symmetric encryption algorithm.']}], 'duration': 1149.382, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/hXSFdwIOfnE/pics/hXSFdwIOfnE38859425.jpg', 'highlights': ['Cryptography involves converting data from a readable format into a non-readable format and then reversing it back to readable format again.', 'RSA is an asymmetric cryptography algorithm which works on both public and private keys.', 'Block cipher is a method of encrypting plain message block by block, commonly used for encrypting data stored on a hard disk.', 'PKI enables trusted digital identities for people and grants secure access to digital resources.', 'SAFER Algorithm in Digital Payment Gateway SAFER is a block cipher widely used in applications like digital payment cards, ensuring high security based on PCI DSS standards.', 'The chapter explores the prime objectives of modern cryptography: confidentiality, non-repudiation, authenticity, and integrity.', 'The core of the PKI is a certification authority which ensures the trustworthiness of the digital data.', 'The public key infrastructure uses two cryptographic keys, public and private, for securing communication between a server and a client.', 'The difference between ciphertext and cleartext is explained, where ciphertext refers to encrypted text and cleartext refers to the original, unencrypted text.', 'RSA is used for secure data transmission and stands for Rivest, Shamir, and Edelman, who created the algorithm.']}], 'highlights': ['Cybercrimes will cost organizations worldwide a projected $10.5 trillion, up from $3.5 trillion in 2050.', 'Professionals trained in cybersecurity are in high demand and will continue to be for the foreseeable future.', 'The course covers topics such as ethical hacking, network masking techniques, various cyber attacks, cryptography, Linux-based operating systems, cybersecurity tools, certifications, and interview preparation.', 'Facebook removed 2.29 billion content pieces from their website due to hacked accounts, indicating the prevalence of cybersecurity threats.', 'Phishing attack, the type of cyberattack which Anne experienced. Anne fell victim to a phishing attack, where fraudulent emails are used to install malware or steal sensitive data, illustrating the prevalence and impact of such attacks on individuals.', 'The growing demand for security skills applicable to public and hybrid cloud platforms, such as Amazon Web Services and Azure, is highlighted, indicating the specific skills in demand and the platforms sought after.', 'The implementation of policies and technologies that protect cloud-based systems and devices is crucial, as more organizations look to cloud infrastructure to store data and run applications.', 'Security incident management requires the identification, management, recording, and analysis of security threats in real-time, such as DDoS attacks, phishing, APTs, ransomware, etc., emphasizing the diverse range of threats and the need for proactive protection.', 'Understanding SQL is crucial for preventing attackers from damaging stored data, as seen in SQL injection attacks, while knowledge of assembly language helps in understanding malware and defending against it.', 'Python and JavaScript are high-level programming languages crucial for identifying vulnerabilities, defending against attacks, and adding interactivity to web pages.', 'C and C++ are essential low-level programming languages for cybersecurity professionals, forming the backbone of most operating systems.', 'The necessity of acquiring a strong networking foundation through certifications like Security Plus and Cisco CCNA is emphasized, highlighting networking and system administration as fundamental skills for entering the cybersecurity field.', 'A reliable third-party security audit accentuates the technical brilliance of the organization and its engineers, leading to a substantial increase in clientele.', 'Utilizing a VPN is the safest method for conducting online transactions, especially when connected to public Wi-Fi networks, ensuring secure and encrypted data transfer.', "The Tor network provides anonymity by bouncing a user's request through a random number of other user IP addresses, enhancing privacy and security.", 'Firewalls can either be hardware or software, with hardware firewalls established between the gateway and the network, while software firewalls are programs installed on each computer.', 'Different types of firewalls are designed based on their traffic filtering methods, structure, and functionality, such as packet filtering firewall, stateful inspection firewall, and proxy firewall.', 'Viruses aim to harm data, while Trojans focus on stealing data, and viruses have a more drastic effect compared to Trojan horses.', 'SQL injection vulnerability enables attackers to inject malicious input into a SQL statement.', 'Phishing attacks resulted in $100 million losses for Facebook and Google between 2013 and 2015, emphasizing substantial financial impact.', 'DDoS attacks are escalating, with three of the six strongest DDoS attacks occurring in 2021 and the most extreme attack happening in 2020.', "The chapter emphasizes the impact of DOS and DDoS attacks on Linux Lite, highlighting the system's vulnerability and the time required for recovery. Linux Lite VM instance, DOS attack impact assessment, recovery time.", 'Application security is crucial for all aspects of app development, from design to deployment.', 'More than 65 billion messages are sent on WhatsApp every day, all of which are secured thanks to end-to-end encryption.', 'Kali Linux is designed for advanced penetration testing and security auditing, with more than 600 pre-installed tools.', 'Parrot Security OS is a Debian-based Linux distribution emphasizing security, privacy, and development, containing several hundred tools targeted towards information security tasks.', 'Nmap is crucial in the early stages of ethical hacking, aiding in identifying possible entry points and vulnerabilities.', 'IAM enables continuous monitoring of IT infrastructure for suspicious activity and misconfigurations, preventing data leaks and compliance breaches.', 'The average annual salary of a Chief Information Security Officer in the States is $195,000, and in India it is 19 lakh rupees per annum.', 'RSA encryption is the most widely used encryption standard using asymmetric approach with extensive key lengths like 2048 bits and 4096 bits, providing a high level of security.', 'Cryptography involves converting data from a readable format into a non-readable format and then reversing it back to readable format again.', 'The core of the PKI is a certification authority which ensures the trustworthiness of the digital data.']}