title
C# Tutorial For Beginners - Learn C# Basics in 1 Hour
description
C# tutorial for beginners: Get up & running with C# and code in just 1 hour! No prior knowledge needed.
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Watch this C# tutorial for beginners to learn the fundamentals of C# (pronounced C sharp) and .NET framework. If you're looking for a C# tutorial that teaches you C# programming from scratch, this tutorial is for you. C# is a popular programming language and everyday people use to build games, desktop, mobile, and web applications.
00:00 Introduction
02:16 Difference between C# and .NET
03:07 CLR
05:21 Architecture of .NET Applications
07:52 Your First C# Program
18:45 Variables and Constants
27:24 Overflowing
29:34 Scope
30:33 Demo of Variables and Constants
42:40 Type Conversion
47:30 Demo of Type Conversion
57:43 Operators
Other C# tutorials on my channel:
Debugging C# Code in Visual Studio: https://youtu.be/u-HdLtqEOog
C# Generics: https://youtu.be/gyal6TbgmSU
detail
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So I'm going to cover that.", 'start': 21.652, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 29.738, 'text': "I'm also going to talk about CLR, assemblies, namespaces, IL code, and stuff like that.", 'start': 23.633, 'duration': 6.105}, {'end': 33.441, 'text': "Then, over the next two sections, I'm going to talk about types.", 'start': 30.638, 'duration': 2.803}, {'end': 36.964, 'text': "I'm going to talk about primitive and non-primitive types.", 'start': 34.041, 'duration': 2.923}, {'end': 41.308, 'text': 'Now, at this point you still cannot write any C Sharp programs,', 'start': 37.825, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 45.251, 'text': "but I have designed a number of quizzes to help you reinforce what you're going to learn.", 'start': 41.308, 'duration': 3.943}, {'end': 54.261, 'text': "then, from section 4, where i talk about control flow, you're going to start writing simple c sharp programs and from that section onwards,", 'start': 46.152, 'duration': 8.109}, {'end': 60.368, 'text': "in every section, you're going to learn something new about c sharp and you're going to write more interesting programs.", 'start': 54.261, 'duration': 6.107}, {'end': 66.714, 'text': "and finally, i'm going to conclude this course with a section on debugging, So I'm going to show you some of the tools we have.", 'start': 60.368, 'duration': 6.346}, {'end': 70.756, 'text': 'So when you have bugs in your code, you know how to find them and get rid of them.', 'start': 67.234, 'duration': 3.522}, {'end': 77.038, 'text': "I'm also going to talk about some good program practices that help you write better and more reliable code.", 'start': 71.636, 'duration': 5.402}, {'end': 79.72, 'text': "So we have a lot to cover and let's get started.", 'start': 77.639, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 84.342, 'text': 'Okay, so this is the very first section of this course.', 'start': 81.981, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 89.144, 'text': "In this section, I'm going to start by teaching you the very basics of C-sharp.", 'start': 85.302, 'duration': 3.842}], 'summary': 'C-sharp basics course covers fundamentals, types, control flow, and debugging, reinforcing learning with quizzes and practical programs.', 'duration': 84.684, 'max_score': 4.46, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY4460.jpg'}, {'end': 193.364, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 157.581, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 159.522, 'text': 'There are different languages that can target .', 'start': 157.581, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 162.064, 'text': 'NET Framework and build applications using that framework.', 'start': 159.522, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 165.127, 'text': 'Examples are F-Sharp or VB.NET.', 'start': 162.845, 'duration': 2.282}, {'end': 167.949, 'text': 'OK, now what exactly is .', 'start': 166.268, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 168.49, 'text': 'NET Framework? .', 'start': 167.949, 'duration': 0.541}, {'end': 171.933, 'text': 'NET Framework consists of two components.', 'start': 169.471, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 179.156, 'text': 'One is called CLR, or Common Language Runtime, and the other is a class library for building applications.', 'start': 172.552, 'duration': 6.604}, {'end': 182.858, 'text': "In the next lecture, we'll talk about CLR in more detail.", 'start': 180.016, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 193.364, 'text': 'Okay, before we understand what CLR is and why we need it, let me explain a little bit about the history of C Sharp.', 'start': 186.88, 'duration': 6.484}], 'summary': 'Various languages can target .net framework to build applications, such as f-sharp or vb.net. .net framework consists of clr and a class library for building applications.', 'duration': 35.783, 'max_score': 157.581, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY157581.jpg'}, {'end': 285.288, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 255.613, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 258.654, 'text': "It's translated into an intermediate language called bytecode.", 'start': 255.613, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 261.392, 'text': 'And we have the exact same concept in C sharp.', 'start': 259.332, 'duration': 2.06}, {'end': 267.017, 'text': 'So, when you compile your C sharp code, the result is what we call IL,', 'start': 262.074, 'duration': 4.943}, {'end': 272.02, 'text': "or intermediate language code is independent of the computer on which it's running.", 'start': 267.017, 'duration': 5.003}, {'end': 280.585, 'text': 'Now we need something that would translate that IL code into the native code or the machine that is running the application.', 'start': 272.801, 'duration': 7.784}, {'end': 285.288, 'text': 'And that is the job of CLR or common language runtime.', 'start': 281.386, 'duration': 3.902}], 'summary': 'C# code compiles to il, clr translates to native code.', 'duration': 29.675, 'max_score': 255.613, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY255613.jpg'}, {'end': 347.951, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 322.742, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 329.604, 'text': 'At a very high level, when you build an application with C Sharp, your application consists of building blocks called classes.', 'start': 322.742, 'duration': 6.862}, {'end': 337.186, 'text': 'These classes collaborate with each other at runtime, and as a result, the application provides some functionality.', 'start': 331.164, 'duration': 6.022}, {'end': 347.951, 'text': 'Now, what is a class? 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primitive and non-primitive types, and reinforces learning through quizzes.']}, {'end': 620.787, 'segs': [{'end': 513.726, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 404.74, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 406.581, 'text': "That's where we use a namespace.", 'start': 404.74, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 410.704, 'text': 'So a namespace is a container for related classes.', 'start': 407.402, 'duration': 3.302}, {'end': 412.605, 'text': 'For example, in .', 'start': 411.485, 'duration': 1.12}, {'end': 417.649, 'text': 'NET Framework, we have namespaces each containing tens of related classes.', 'start': 412.605, 'duration': 5.044}, {'end': 421.572, 'text': 'We have namespaces for working with data, like databases.', 'start': 418.369, 'duration': 3.203}, {'end': 425.554, 'text': 'We also have namespaces for working with graphics and images.', 'start': 422.512, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 428.676, 'text': 'We have namespaces for working with security.', 'start': 426.555, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 433.118, 'text': 'Now, in real-world applications, these namespaces grow.', 'start': 429.677, 'duration': 3.441}, {'end': 439.703, 'text': "we need a different way of partitioning an application, and that's where we use an assembly.", 'start': 433.118, 'duration': 6.585}, {'end': 444.707, 'text': 'an assembly is a container for related namespaces.', 'start': 439.703, 'duration': 5.004}, {'end': 456.056, 'text': "physically it's a file on the disk which can either be an executable or a DLL, which stands for dynamically linked library.", 'start': 444.707, 'duration': 11.349}, {'end': 463.984, 'text': 'so when you compile an application, the compiler builds a one or more assemblies, depending on how you partition your code.', 'start': 456.056, 'duration': 7.928}, {'end': 473.792, 'text': "in the next lecture we're going to write a very simple c sharp application and you're going to see all these concepts in action.", 'start': 463.984, 'duration': 9.808}, {'end': 480.037, 'text': "okay, in this video we're going to have a quick tour of visual studio and build a very simple c sharp application.", 'start': 473.792, 'duration': 6.245}, {'end': 482.519, 'text': "so here i've got visual studio open.", 'start': 480.037, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 485.642, 'text': "let's go to file new project.", 'start': 482.519, 'duration': 3.123}, {'end': 497.292, 'text': "okay, in this dialogue on the left side we've got a section called templates and here you see the kind of applications we can build with C sharp.", 'start': 488.385, 'duration': 8.907}, {'end': 504.619, 'text': 'so, as you see in the list, we can build desktop applications, web applications, apps for cloud, mobile services,', 'start': 497.292, 'duration': 7.327}, {'end': 507.061, 'text': 'workflows and various kind of things.', 'start': 504.619, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 513.726, 'text': "but in this course and the subsequent parts of this course we're just going to focus on console applications.", 'start': 507.061, 'duration': 6.665}], 'summary': 'Namespaces and assemblies partition classes in .net, with various applications in c#.', 'duration': 51.316, 'max_score': 404.74, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY404740.jpg'}, {'end': 527.39, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 480.037, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 482.519, 'text': "so here i've got visual studio open.", 'start': 480.037, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 485.642, 'text': "let's go to file new project.", 'start': 482.519, 'duration': 3.123}, {'end': 497.292, 'text': "okay, in this dialogue on the left side we've got a section called templates and here you see the kind of applications we can build with C sharp.", 'start': 488.385, 'duration': 8.907}, {'end': 504.619, 'text': 'so, as you see in the list, we can build desktop applications, web applications, apps for cloud, mobile services,', 'start': 497.292, 'duration': 7.327}, {'end': 507.061, 'text': 'workflows and various kind of things.', 'start': 504.619, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 513.726, 'text': "but in this course and the subsequent parts of this course we're just going to focus on console applications.", 'start': 507.061, 'duration': 6.665}, {'end': 522.308, 'text': "a console application is a very simple application that does not have a graphical user interface and it's a great learning tool for learning a new language,", 'start': 513.726, 'duration': 8.582}, {'end': 527.39, 'text': "so you're not going to be distracted by various complexities of larger applications.", 'start': 522.308, 'duration': 5.082}], 'summary': 'Visual studio offers templates for various c# applications, focusing on console applications for learning.', 'duration': 47.353, 'max_score': 480.037, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY480037.jpg'}, {'end': 620.787, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 576.797, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 581.399, 'text': "And that's fair enough because there's so many menus and panels here, that is a bit confusing.", 'start': 576.797, 'duration': 4.602}, {'end': 587.182, 'text': "But let me tell you something, 90% of the time, you're gonna use only 10% of these or even less.", 'start': 582, 'duration': 5.182}, {'end': 589.664, 'text': "So don't worry about all these menus here.", 'start': 587.783, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 593.546, 'text': "You don't need to use all of them at all times.", 'start': 590.124, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 596.547, 'text': '90% of the time, all you need is the code editor here.', 'start': 593.866, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 599.929, 'text': 'And sometimes you need the solution explorer.', 'start': 598.188, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 605.119, 'text': 'In fact, I personally hardly ever use Solution Explorer because I do everything with my keyboard.', 'start': 600.717, 'duration': 4.402}, {'end': 610.562, 'text': 'And if you watch my course, Double Your Coding Speed, you will see that everything is possible with keyboard.', 'start': 605.68, 'duration': 4.882}, {'end': 612.223, 'text': "So you don't need these panels here.", 'start': 610.822, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 615.104, 'text': "You don't need to grab your mouse and navigate around.", 'start': 612.563, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 616.205, 'text': "You don't really need this stuff.", 'start': 615.165, 'duration': 1.04}, {'end': 620.787, 'text': 'Also, none of the stuff on the toolbar are ever required.', 'start': 618.286, 'duration': 2.501}], 'summary': '90% of the time, only 10% of panels are used, code editor and solution explorer are essential, mouse navigation not required.', 'duration': 43.99, 'max_score': 576.797, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY576797.jpg'}], 'start': 379.908, 'title': 'Organizing code and introduction to console applications', 'summary': 'Discusses organizing code using namespaces and assemblies in real-world applications, and introduces console applications as a simple learning tool, emphasizing the minimal need for graphical user interfaces and the simplicity of visual studio for coding.', 'chapters': [{'end': 507.061, 'start': 379.908, 'title': 'Organizing code with namespace and assembly', 'summary': 'Discusses the use of namespaces as containers for related classes and assemblies as containers for related namespaces in real-world applications, highlighting the organization of classes and the physical representation of assemblies, and the usage of visual studio to build c sharp applications.', 'duration': 127.153, 'highlights': ['Namespaces serve as containers for related classes, such as those for working with data, graphics, images, and security, in real-world applications.', 'Assemblies, physically represented as files on disk, act as containers for related namespaces and are either executables or DLLs, generated during application compilation.', 'Visual Studio provides a variety of templates for building C sharp applications, including desktop applications, web applications, cloud apps, mobile services, and workflows.']}, {'end': 620.787, 'start': 507.061, 'title': 'Introduction to console applications', 'summary': 'Introduces console applications as a simple learning tool for new languages, emphasizes the minimal need for graphical user interfaces, and highlights the simplicity of visual studio for coding with only 10% of the menu options being used 90% of the time.', 'duration': 113.726, 'highlights': ['Console applications are emphasized as a great learning tool for new languages, as they allow learners to focus on the language without the distractions of larger applications.', 'Visual Studio is highlighted as having many menus and panels, but only 10% or less are used 90% of the time, with the code editor and solution explorer being the primary tools.', 'The speaker encourages using the keyboard for coding and mentions that the toolbar is rarely required.']}], 'duration': 240.879, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY379908.jpg', 'highlights': ['Visual Studio provides templates for various C# applications, including desktop, web, cloud, and mobile.', 'Assemblies are containers for related namespaces, either executables or DLLs, generated during compilation.', 'Namespaces serve as containers for related classes in real-world applications, such as data, graphics, and security.', 'Console applications are a great learning tool for new languages, allowing learners to focus on the language.', 'Visual Studio emphasizes using the code editor and solution explorer as primary tools, with minimal need for other menus and panels.', 'Using the keyboard for coding is encouraged, with the toolbar being rarely required.']}, {'end': 1051.75, 'segs': [{'end': 687.574, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 644.159, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 646.24, 'text': "Under that, we've got the project called Hello World.", 'start': 644.159, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 648.201, 'text': 'Look at these four items here.', 'start': 647.14, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 651.002, 'text': 'Properties, expand that.', 'start': 649.341, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 653.323, 'text': 'We have a file here called Assembly Info.', 'start': 651.542, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 660.488, 'text': 'This is the identification for the assembly that will be produced as a result of compiling this application.', 'start': 654.563, 'duration': 5.925}, {'end': 665.191, 'text': "So when we compile a console application, we're going to get an executable, and that's an assembly.", 'start': 661.068, 'duration': 4.123}, {'end': 667.392, 'text': 'That assembly has an identification.', 'start': 665.831, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 669.093, 'text': 'Look at these attributes here.', 'start': 667.932, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 678.999, 'text': 'Like the title description, which is currently not set company product, copyright, trademark, culture, a GUID.', 'start': 669.994, 'duration': 9.005}, {'end': 681.441, 'text': 'you know various kind of things, like even version.', 'start': 678.999, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 687.574, 'text': 'So these are all part of assembly identification or assembly manifest.', 'start': 681.801, 'duration': 5.773}], 'summary': "The hello world project's assembly info includes attributes such as title, description, company, product, copyright, trademark, culture, and guid, among others.", 'duration': 43.415, 'max_score': 644.159, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY644159.jpg'}, {'end': 772.775, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 710.213, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 717.074, 'text': 'when you create a project with Visual Studio, by default it has a reference to a bunch of assemblies that you see here.', 'start': 710.213, 'duration': 6.861}, {'end': 718.275, 'text': 'these are all part of.', 'start': 717.074, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 719.815, 'text': 'NET framework.', 'start': 718.275, 'duration': 1.54}, {'end': 729.037, 'text': "so, at a minimum, Visual Studio assumes you're going to use classes in system assembly or system.data to work with databases and so on.", 'start': 719.815, 'duration': 9.222}, {'end': 735.818, 'text': "you may not necessarily use all these assemblies in your project, but that's just part of the template.", 'start': 729.037, 'duration': 6.781}, {'end': 740.886, 'text': 'app.config is an xml where we store the configuration for this application.', 'start': 735.818, 'duration': 5.068}, {'end': 748.388, 'text': 'sometimes you may want to store connection strings to the database or you may want to have some settings about your application.', 'start': 740.886, 'duration': 7.502}, {'end': 750.608, 'text': 'all of them will end up here.', 'start': 748.388, 'duration': 2.22}, {'end': 756.99, 'text': 'and finally, you see program.cs, which is where we are going to start writing code.', 'start': 750.608, 'duration': 6.382}, {'end': 759.03, 'text': "alright, let's see what's happening here.", 'start': 756.99, 'duration': 2.04}, {'end': 764.492, 'text': 'so in this file, program.cs, on the top, you see a bunch of using statements.', 'start': 759.03, 'duration': 5.462}, {'end': 765.772, 'text': 'what is this all about?', 'start': 764.492, 'duration': 1.28}, {'end': 768.314, 'text': 'well, Our project is called Hello World.', 'start': 765.772, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 772.775, 'text': 'So by default, Visual Studio creates a namespace called Hello World.', 'start': 768.794, 'duration': 3.981}], 'summary': 'Visual studio projects come with default .net framework assemblies, app.config for application settings, and program.cs for writing code.', 'duration': 62.562, 'max_score': 710.213, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY710213.jpg'}, {'end': 973.213, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 942.51, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 949.237, 'text': 'We have a class called console, which is used to read data from console or write data to it.', 'start': 942.51, 'duration': 6.727}, {'end': 951.218, 'text': 'It has a bunch of methods.', 'start': 950.318, 'duration': 0.9}, {'end': 954.402, 'text': 'We can access these methods using the dot notation.', 'start': 952.079, 'duration': 2.323}, {'end': 959.567, 'text': 'And here you see various members of this class.', 'start': 956.564, 'duration': 3.003}, {'end': 969.211, 'text': 'methods are indicated by a purple cube, so beep is used to play a beep sound, or clear is used to clear the console.', 'start': 960.706, 'duration': 8.505}, {'end': 973.213, 'text': "we're going to use the right line method.", 'start': 969.211, 'duration': 4.002}], 'summary': "The 'console' class has methods like 'beep' and 'clear' for console interaction.", 'duration': 30.703, 'max_score': 942.51, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY942510.jpg'}, {'end': 1028.217, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 996.385, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 1002.671, 'text': 'The reason for that is in this file, we are using a class called console, which is defined in the system namespace.', 'start': 996.385, 'duration': 6.286}, {'end': 1005.614, 'text': "That's why that using statement is active.", 'start': 1003.311, 'duration': 2.303}, {'end': 1011.258, 'text': "We are not using any classes defined in other namespaces and that's why they're grayed out.", 'start': 1006.574, 'duration': 4.684}, {'end': 1015.062, 'text': 'So we can get rid of them to make our code cleaner.', 'start': 1013.16, 'duration': 1.902}, {'end': 1019.872, 'text': 'You can either delete each one by control X like that.', 'start': 1016.069, 'duration': 3.803}, {'end': 1028.217, 'text': "Or if you're using resharper, you can get rid of all of them by pressing alt and enter here and selecting the first option,", 'start': 1021.453, 'duration': 6.764}], 'summary': "Using 'console' class in system namespace, remove unused classes for cleaner code.", 'duration': 31.832, 'max_score': 996.385, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY996385.jpg'}], 'start': 621.168, 'title': 'C# program structure', 'summary': 'Introduces the structure of a c# program, covering assembly identification, references, app configuration, solution explorer panel, assembly attributes, default assemblies, and app.config usage, as well as understanding the program.cs file, using statements, namespace, class, method, console class, and removing unused directives.', 'chapters': [{'end': 750.608, 'start': 621.168, 'title': 'Introduction to c sharp program', 'summary': 'Introduces the structure of a c sharp program with a focus on assembly identification, references, and app configuration, providing insights on the solution explorer panel, assembly attributes, default assemblies, and app.config usage.', 'duration': 129.44, 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces the structure of a C Sharp program with a focus on assembly identification, references, and app configuration.', 'Providing insights on the Solution Explorer panel, assembly attributes, default assemblies, and app.config usage.', 'Assembly attributes, like title description, company product, copyright, trademark, culture, GUID, and version, are discussed.', 'Visual Studio assumes default references to assemblies like system and system.data.', 'The app.config is used to store application configuration, including connection strings and application settings.']}, {'end': 1051.75, 'start': 750.608, 'title': 'Understanding c# program.cs file', 'summary': 'Introduces the program.cs file, explains the using statements, namespace, class, method, and the console class in c#, and demonstrates the process for removing unused directives in the file.', 'duration': 301.142, 'highlights': ['Explanation of using statements in program.cs', 'Description of the default namespace and class in program.cs', 'Introduction to the console class and its methods', 'Explanation of active and inactive using statements']}], 'duration': 430.582, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY621168.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces the structure of a C Sharp program with a focus on assembly identification, references, and app configuration.', 'Providing insights on the Solution Explorer panel, assembly attributes, default assemblies, and app.config usage.', 'Assembly attributes, like title description, company product, copyright, trademark, culture, GUID, and version, are discussed.', 'Visual Studio assumes default references to assemblies like system and system.data.', 'The app.config is used to store application configuration, including connection strings and application settings.', 'Explanation of using statements in program.cs', 'Description of the default namespace and class in program.cs', 'Introduction to the console class and its methods', 'Explanation of active and inactive using statements']}, {'end': 1768.088, 'segs': [{'end': 1091.691, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1067.218, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1073.986, 'text': "i just wanted to quickly let you know that this video you've been watching is actually part of my c sharp basics course on udemy.", 'start': 1067.218, 'duration': 6.768}, {'end': 1081.594, 'text': 'in this course, i walk you through all the core concepts of c sharp in a step-by-step fashion, plus you get access to exercises,', 'start': 1073.986, 'duration': 7.608}, {'end': 1084.157, 'text': 'cheat sheets and a discussion board to ask your questions.', 'start': 1081.594, 'duration': 2.563}, {'end': 1089.787, 'text': "In case you're interested, you can get this course with a discount using the link in the video description.", 'start': 1084.958, 'duration': 4.829}, {'end': 1091.691, 'text': "And if not, that's perfectly fine.", 'start': 1090.308, 'duration': 1.383}], 'summary': 'C# basics course on udemy with exercises, cheat sheets, and discussion board. discount available via video link.', 'duration': 24.473, 'max_score': 1067.218, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY1067218.jpg'}, {'end': 1139.432, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1106.787, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1110.509, 'text': "I'm going to talk about various data types and type conversion.", 'start': 1106.787, 'duration': 3.722}, {'end': 1113.911, 'text': "I'm going to talk about scope and overflowing.", 'start': 1111.009, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 1117.973, 'text': "And finally, I'm going to talk about various operators we have in C Sharp.", 'start': 1114.511, 'duration': 3.462}, {'end': 1119.334, 'text': "So let's get started.", 'start': 1118.353, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 1127.118, 'text': "Okay, we're going to start our journey by learning about variables and constants.", 'start': 1123.396, 'duration': 3.722}, {'end': 1130.669, 'text': "let's start by two definitions.", 'start': 1128.888, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 1139.432, 'text': 'a variable is a name that we give to a storage location in memory, where we can store a value and a constant in an immutable value.', 'start': 1130.669, 'duration': 8.763}], 'summary': 'Covering data types, scope, operators, variables, and constants in c sharp.', 'duration': 32.645, 'max_score': 1106.787, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY1106787.jpg'}, {'end': 1178.637, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1151.076, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1155.918, 'text': "imagine you're creating an application that involves some mathematical computation around circles.", 'start': 1151.076, 'duration': 4.842}, {'end': 1163.411, 'text': 'We have this number called p, which is 3.14, and we use that to calculate the area of a circle.', 'start': 1156.889, 'duration': 6.522}, {'end': 1166.212, 'text': 'That number should always be the same.', 'start': 1164.492, 'duration': 1.72}, {'end': 1169.293, 'text': "We don't want to accidentally change that in our program.", 'start': 1166.973, 'duration': 2.32}, {'end': 1175.175, 'text': 'If we accidentally change that, everything is going to blow up in terms of the results the program produces.', 'start': 1170.274, 'duration': 4.901}, {'end': 1178.637, 'text': 'So we declare that number as a constant.', 'start': 1176.556, 'duration': 2.081}], 'summary': "An application uses the constant 'p' (3.14) for circle area calculation.", 'duration': 27.561, 'max_score': 1151.076, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY1151076.jpg'}, {'end': 1243.82, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1216.489, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1220.771, 'text': 'When declaring a variable, we can optionally assign it a value, like what you see here.', 'start': 1216.489, 'duration': 4.282}, {'end': 1228.896, 'text': "You don't have to, but there is one thing you need to know about variables, and that is, you cannot use a variable unless you initialize it.", 'start': 1221.672, 'duration': 7.224}, {'end': 1237.016, 'text': "So let's say if I declare this int number here and I decide to display it on the console, my application will not be compiled.", 'start': 1229.793, 'duration': 7.223}, {'end': 1241.018, 'text': 'I have to assign it a value before I can use it, before I can read it.', 'start': 1237.777, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 1243.82, 'text': 'I will show you that later when we jump to coding.', 'start': 1241.799, 'duration': 2.021}], 'summary': 'Variables must be initialized before use, demonstrated with int number in the console.', 'duration': 27.331, 'max_score': 1216.489, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY1216489.jpg'}, {'end': 1705.649, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1680.577, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1687.621, 'text': "In C sharp, by default, we don't have overflow checking, which means we can modify the value of a variable at runtime.", 'start': 1680.577, 'duration': 7.044}, {'end': 1693.785, 'text': "And if we go beyond the boundary of its underlying data type, we'll get overflow.", 'start': 1688.302, 'duration': 5.483}, {'end': 1697.428, 'text': 'Now, sometimes this is not desirable in your application.', 'start': 1694.986, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 1699.069, 'text': 'You want to stop overflowing.', 'start': 1697.728, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 1702.551, 'text': "If that's the case, you need to use the check keyword.", 'start': 1699.849, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 1705.649, 'text': 'So here is how it works.', 'start': 1704.608, 'duration': 1.041}], 'summary': 'In c sharp, using the check keyword prevents overflow, enhancing data type safety.', 'duration': 25.072, 'max_score': 1680.577, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY1680577.jpg'}], 'start': 1051.75, 'title': 'C# basics course', 'summary': 'Introduces the c# basics course covering variables, constants, data types, type conversion, scope, overflowing, and operators in c#. it also explains variables, constants, primitive data types, initialization importance, and overflow potential in numeric data types.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1130.669, 'start': 1051.75, 'title': 'Introduction to c# basics course', 'summary': 'Introduces the c# basics course and covers the upcoming sections including variables, constants, data types, type conversion, scope, overflowing, and operators in c#.', 'duration': 78.919, 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces the C# basics course on Udemy which covers all the core concepts of C# in a step-by-step fashion and provides access to exercises, cheat sheets, and a discussion board.', 'The section covers the first step in the journey to learn C# which includes learning about variables, constants, various data types, type conversion, scope, overflowing, and various operators in C#.']}, {'end': 1768.088, 'start': 1130.669, 'title': 'Variables and constants in c sharp', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of variables and constants in c sharp, highlighting the importance of constants for creating safety in applications and the rules for declaring variables and constants. it also provides an overview of primitive data types in c sharp, emphasizing the importance of initializing variables and the potential for overflow in numeric data types.', 'duration': 637.419, 'highlights': ['The importance of constants for creating safety in applications is emphasized, particularly in scenarios involving mathematical computations, with the example of using the value of pi in calculating the area of a circle.', 'The necessity of initializing variables before use in C Sharp is explained, with the example of declaring a variable and being unable to use it until it is assigned a value.', "The concept of overflowing in C Sharp is introduced, explaining how exceeding the boundary of a data type can lead to overflow and the potential use of the 'checked' keyword to prevent overflow at runtime."]}], 'duration': 716.338, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY1051750.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces the C# basics course on Udemy covering core concepts and providing access to exercises, cheat sheets, and a discussion board.', 'The section covers learning about variables, constants, data types, type conversion, scope, overflowing, and operators in C# in a step-by-step fashion.', 'The importance of constants for creating safety in applications is emphasized, particularly in scenarios involving mathematical computations.', 'The necessity of initializing variables before use in C Sharp is explained, with the example of being unable to use a variable until it is assigned a value.', "The concept of overflowing in C Sharp is introduced, explaining how exceeding the boundary of a data type can lead to overflow and the potential use of the 'checked' keyword to prevent overflow at runtime."]}, {'end': 2355.109, 'segs': [{'end': 1800.272, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1768.908, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1771.428, 'text': "In the next lecture we're going to talk about the concept of scope.", 'start': 1768.908, 'duration': 2.52}, {'end': 1776.29, 'text': "Okay, let's talk about the concept of scope.", 'start': 1774.369, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 1783.131, 'text': 'What is a scope? Scope is where a variable or a constant has meaning and is accessible.', 'start': 1777.23, 'duration': 5.901}, {'end': 1786.132, 'text': 'Take a look at this block of code here.', 'start': 1784.552, 'duration': 1.58}, {'end': 1789.493, 'text': 'As you know, a block is indicated by curly braces.', 'start': 1786.332, 'duration': 3.161}, {'end': 1792.285, 'text': 'Here we have three blocks of code.', 'start': 1790.523, 'duration': 1.762}, {'end': 1795.788, 'text': "Here's one, here's another, and here's the last one.", 'start': 1792.725, 'duration': 3.063}, {'end': 1800.272, 'text': "Inside the first block, I've got a variable called a.", 'start': 1796.769, 'duration': 3.503}], 'summary': 'Next lecture: scope, variable meaning and accessibility in blocks.', 'duration': 31.364, 'max_score': 1768.908, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY1768908.jpg'}, {'end': 1899.553, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1821.373, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1825.854, 'text': "If I go outside this block and try to access B, I'm going to get a compile time error.", 'start': 1821.373, 'duration': 4.481}, {'end': 1828.635, 'text': "Okay, I think that's enough theory for now.", 'start': 1827.134, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 1831.376, 'text': "Let's open up Visual Studio and do some coding.", 'start': 1829.115, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 1837.638, 'text': "Okay, let's start by declaring a variable of type byte and call it number.", 'start': 1833.656, 'duration': 3.982}, {'end': 1843.079, 'text': 'Now we want to display it on the console.', 'start': 1841.579, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 1850.556, 'text': 'So as you remember from the last lecture, We type console.WriteLine and put the variable here.', 'start': 1843.639, 'duration': 6.917}, {'end': 1858.659, 'text': 'Note that as I was typing console.WriteLine, my ReSharper plugin automatically added this using statement on the top.', 'start': 1852.136, 'duration': 6.523}, {'end': 1864.521, 'text': 'System is a namespace and console is a class that is defined in the system namespace.', 'start': 1859.759, 'duration': 4.762}, {'end': 1868.623, 'text': 'So in order to use the console class, we need that declaration here on the top.', 'start': 1865.302, 'duration': 3.321}, {'end': 1877.641, 'text': "If you're not using ReSharper, you have to go here and manually type using system semicolon.", 'start': 1870.184, 'duration': 7.457}, {'end': 1879.202, 'text': 'okay, now, take a look at this number.', 'start': 1877.641, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 1889.248, 'text': 'here it has a red underline and if we put the mouse cursor here, it says local variable number might not be initialized before accessing.', 'start': 1879.202, 'duration': 10.046}, {'end': 1897.092, 'text': 'if you remember from the slides, i told you in c sharp before you can access a variable, you need to set it, you need to initialize it,', 'start': 1889.248, 'duration': 7.844}, {'end': 1899.553, 'text': "and that's the reason here we have the red underline.", 'start': 1897.092, 'duration': 2.461}], 'summary': 'C# coding demonstration using visual studio, with explanation on variable declaration and initialization.', 'duration': 78.18, 'max_score': 1821.373, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY1821373.jpg'}, {'end': 2051.379, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2020.516, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2026.298, 'text': 'We just type string, give it a name, first name equals mosh.', 'start': 2020.516, 'duration': 5.782}, {'end': 2031.419, 'text': 'Note that with strings, we enclose them in double quote.', 'start': 2028.759, 'duration': 2.66}, {'end': 2035.441, 'text': "So that's one of the differences between strings and characters.", 'start': 2032.44, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 2038.742, 'text': "And finally, let's declare a bool.", 'start': 2037.221, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 2043.896, 'text': 'bool is working equals true.', 'start': 2040.794, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 2047.777, 'text': 'So with bools, we can either set them to true or false.', 'start': 2045.156, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 2051.379, 'text': 'Both true and false are keywords.', 'start': 2049.938, 'duration': 1.441}], 'summary': 'Introduction to string, character, and bool data types with examples.', 'duration': 30.863, 'max_score': 2020.516, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY2020516.jpg'}, {'end': 2213.551, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2174.444, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2178.846, 'text': 'And I let the C sharp compiler detect the data type for this variable here.', 'start': 2174.444, 'duration': 4.402}, {'end': 2181.888, 'text': 'So let me replace all of this with var.', 'start': 2180.027, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 2199.187, 'text': 'Okay, now if we hover the mouse over the var keyword, we can see the underlying data type.', 'start': 2192.645, 'duration': 6.542}, {'end': 2202.448, 'text': "In this case, it's system.boolean, which is the .", 'start': 2199.547, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 2205.449, 'text': 'NET type, which maps to C Sharp bool keyword.', 'start': 2202.448, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 2210.11, 'text': "How about this one? That's a string.", 'start': 2207.569, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 2213.551, 'text': 'And this one is a character.', 'start': 2211.831, 'duration': 1.72}], 'summary': 'Using var allows c# compiler to detect data type, e.g. system.boolean and string.', 'duration': 39.107, 'max_score': 2174.444, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY2174444.jpg'}, {'end': 2294.76, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2242.136, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2245.857, 'text': "But telling you from experience, it's safe to use integer in most cases.", 'start': 2242.136, 'duration': 3.721}, {'end': 2248.337, 'text': 'In fact, if you look at the classes in the .', 'start': 2246.337, 'duration': 2}, {'end': 2256.859, 'text': 'NET framework in most cases, integer the data type used for representing integral numbers.', 'start': 2248.337, 'duration': 8.522}, {'end': 2259.42, 'text': 'okay, I revert this back.', 'start': 2256.859, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 2261.04, 'text': 'now I show you something else.', 'start': 2259.42, 'duration': 1.62}, {'end': 2263.161, 'text': "so let's take a look at this one here.", 'start': 2261.04, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 2266.402, 'text': "so it's a char, which is a character.", 'start': 2263.161, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 2274.424, 'text': 'we can put the mouse cursor here and press ctrl and then click.', 'start': 2266.402, 'duration': 8.022}, {'end': 2277.445, 'text': 'that opens the object browser window.', 'start': 2274.424, 'duration': 3.021}, {'end': 2278.106, 'text': 'take a look here.', 'start': 2277.445, 'duration': 0.661}, {'end': 2284.216, 'text': "it's object browser And it's a way to look at the various classes in your project or in the dotted framework.", 'start': 2278.106, 'duration': 6.11}, {'end': 2291.819, 'text': 'In this case, because I did a control click on the char or var keyword, this is what we got here.', 'start': 2284.856, 'duration': 6.963}, {'end': 2294.76, 'text': 'So char is highlighted in the object browser.', 'start': 2292.419, 'duration': 2.341}], 'summary': 'Integer is commonly used for representing integral numbers in .net framework.', 'duration': 52.624, 'max_score': 2242.136, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY2242136.jpg'}], 'start': 1768.908, 'title': 'Understanding scope in programming and c# variable declaration and initialization', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of scope in programming, its practical application in visual studio, and the importance of initializing variables in c#. it also covers the declaration and initialization of various data types and the usage of the var keyword.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1877.641, 'start': 1768.908, 'title': 'Understanding scope in programming', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of scope in programming, where variables or constants have meaning and accessibility within specific blocks of code. it also touches on the practical application of scope in visual studio, demonstrating the usage of variables and the necessity of namespace declarations.', 'duration': 108.733, 'highlights': ["The concept of scope in programming determines where a variable or constant is meaningful and accessible within specific blocks of code, as demonstrated through the examples of variable 'a' and 'b' within different code blocks.", 'The practical application of scope is showcased through the usage of Visual Studio, including the declaration of a variable of type byte and the necessity of namespace declarations for accessing classes like console.', 'The role of ReSharper plugin in automatically adding the necessary using statement for the console class, streamlining the coding process in Visual Studio.']}, {'end': 2355.109, 'start': 1877.641, 'title': 'C# variable declaration and initialization', 'summary': 'Explains the importance of initializing variables in c# to avoid compilation errors, demonstrates the declaration and initialization of various data types including int, float, char, string, and bool, and explores the usage of the var keyword for variable declaration.', 'duration': 477.468, 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the importance of initializing variables in C# to avoid compilation errors, as demonstrated by the red underlines and error messages when attempting to use unassigned local variables.', 'The chapter demonstrates the declaration and initialization of various data types including int, float, char, string, and bool, highlighting the differences in syntax and the need for explicit type conversion for real numbers.', 'The chapter explores the usage of the var keyword for variable declaration, showcasing its ability to allow the C# compiler to detect the data type for the variable and its underlying data type.']}], 'duration': 586.201, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY1768908.jpg', 'highlights': ['The concept of scope in programming determines where a variable or constant is meaningful and accessible within specific blocks of code.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of initializing variables in C# to avoid compilation errors.', 'The practical application of scope is showcased through the usage of Visual Studio, including the declaration of a variable of type byte and the necessity of namespace declarations for accessing classes like console.', 'The chapter demonstrates the declaration and initialization of various data types including int, float, char, string, and bool.', 'The role of ReSharper plugin in automatically adding the necessary using statement for the console class, streamlining the coding process in Visual Studio.', 'The chapter explores the usage of the var keyword for variable declaration, showcasing its ability to allow the C# compiler to detect the data type for the variable and its underlying data type.']}, {'end': 2844.589, 'segs': [{'end': 2385.763, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2355.329, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2356.749, 'text': 'So cw, tab.', 'start': 2355.329, 'duration': 1.42}, {'end': 2359.69, 'text': 'This time I pass a string here.', 'start': 2358.27, 'duration': 1.42}, {'end': 2363.071, 'text': 'And I specify two placeholders.', 'start': 2361.631, 'duration': 1.44}, {'end': 2368.869, 'text': 'And finally, supply a couple of arguments.', 'start': 2366.707, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 2377.556, 'text': "Okay, let's see what's going on here.", 'start': 2376.355, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 2382.2, 'text': 'So here, what we have is called a format string.', 'start': 2378.417, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 2385.763, 'text': "It's a kind of string that can be used as some kind of template.", 'start': 2382.88, 'duration': 2.883}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating the use of format strings with two placeholders and a couple of arguments.', 'duration': 30.434, 'max_score': 2355.329, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY2355329.jpg'}, {'end': 2500.632, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2469.569, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2477.311, 'text': "Const float p 3.14 and we have to put f at the end because it's a float.", 'start': 2469.569, 'duration': 7.742}, {'end': 2483.313, 'text': 'Now because we declared p as a constant here, I cannot change it in my program.', 'start': 2478.671, 'duration': 4.642}, {'end': 2489.383, 'text': 'So I cannot go here and say p equals 1.', 'start': 2483.793, 'duration': 5.59}, {'end': 2493.727, 'text': "the compiler is not happy, and that's why we see that red on the line here.", 'start': 2489.383, 'duration': 4.344}, {'end': 2500.632, 'text': 'if you hover the mouse here, it says read only local constant cannot be used as an assignment target.', 'start': 2493.727, 'duration': 6.905}], 'summary': 'Constant float p=3.14; cannot be changed in program.', 'duration': 31.063, 'max_score': 2469.569, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY2469569.jpg'}, {'end': 2546.296, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2520.842, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2528.925, 'text': 'you seem to be very enthusiastic about learning C-Sharp and I highly recommend you to take my C-Sharp basics course using the link in the video description.', 'start': 2520.842, 'duration': 8.083}, {'end': 2536.768, 'text': "This way, you can learn all the core concepts in a structured way, and you don't have to waste time jumping from one free tutorial to another.", 'start': 2529.705, 'duration': 7.063}, {'end': 2541.909, 'text': 'You can see that currently this course has over 5, 000 students with over 400 five-star reviews.', 'start': 2537.648, 'duration': 4.261}, {'end': 2546.296, 'text': 'Plus, it comes with a 30-day money-back guarantee.', 'start': 2543.615, 'duration': 2.681}], 'summary': 'Enthusiastic about learning c-sharp? join the basics course with 5000+ students and 400+ five-star reviews, and a 30-day money-back guarantee.', 'duration': 25.454, 'max_score': 2520.842, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY2520842.jpg'}, {'end': 2702.98, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2674.577, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2677.138, 'text': 'So as a result of that conversion, data will be lost.', 'start': 2674.577, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 2683.282, 'text': "When the compiler knows that there is a chance for data loss, it doesn't allow implicit type conversion.", 'start': 2678.019, 'duration': 5.263}, {'end': 2690.527, 'text': "And you need to explicitly tell the compiler that you're aware of the data loss and you still want to go ahead with the conversion.", 'start': 2684.463, 'duration': 6.064}, {'end': 2696.677, 'text': 'In situations like that, what we do is we prefix the variable with the target type.', 'start': 2691.434, 'duration': 5.243}, {'end': 2699.939, 'text': "So here, I'm trying to convert i to a byte.", 'start': 2697.357, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 2702.98, 'text': 'This is what we call as casting.', 'start': 2701.38, 'duration': 1.6}], 'summary': 'Compiler prevents implicit type conversion to avoid data loss, requires explicit casting', 'duration': 28.403, 'max_score': 2674.577, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY2674577.jpg'}], 'start': 2355.329, 'title': 'String formatting and type conversion in c#', 'summary': 'Covers string formatting using placeholders and arguments, demonstrating format strings for byte and float values, and discusses c-sharp type conversion, including implicit and explicit type conversion. it also emphasizes the benefits of the c-sharp basics course with over 5,000 students and 400 five-star reviews.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2520.842, 'start': 2355.329, 'title': 'String formatting and constants in c#', 'summary': 'Explains string formatting using placeholders and arguments in c#, demonstrating the use of format strings to display byte and float values, as well as defining constants and their immutability for ensuring program safety.', 'duration': 165.513, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates the use of format strings in C# to display byte and float values, showcasing the replacement of placeholders with corresponding arguments, resulting in the output of 0 and 255 for byte values and a huge number displayed in scientific notation for float values.', "It also emphasizes the use of constants in C# with the 'const' keyword, showcasing the declaration of a constant float 'p' with the value 3.14, and highlighting the immutability of constants as an important feature for ensuring program safety."]}, {'end': 2844.589, 'start': 2520.842, 'title': 'C-sharp type conversion concepts', 'summary': 'Discusses c-sharp type conversion, including implicit and explicit type conversion, with examples of data loss and mechanisms for non-compatible type conversion, and emphasizes the benefits of taking the c-sharp basics course with over 5,000 students and 400 five-star reviews.', 'duration': 323.747, 'highlights': ['The C-Sharp basics course mentioned has over 5,000 students with over 400 five-star reviews, and it offers a 30-day money-back guarantee.', 'The chapter explains implicit type conversion with examples and emphasizes that data loss only occurs when the value stored exceeds the capacity of the target type.', 'The chapter delves into explicit type conversion (casting) and explains that it is necessary when the compiler anticipates data loss, requiring the explicit indication of the target type with a prefix.', 'The chapter covers non-compatible type conversion mechanisms, mentioning the usage of the convert class and parse method for converting string to integer, and provides an overview of methods available in the convert class.']}], 'duration': 489.26, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY2355329.jpg', 'highlights': ['The C-Sharp basics course has over 5,000 students and 400 five-star reviews, offering a 30-day money-back guarantee.', 'The chapter demonstrates format strings in C# for byte and float values, showcasing the replacement of placeholders with corresponding arguments.', 'The chapter explains implicit type conversion, emphasizing that data loss only occurs when the value stored exceeds the capacity of the target type.', 'The chapter covers explicit type conversion (casting) and explains that it is necessary when the compiler anticipates data loss.', "The chapter emphasizes the use of constants in C# with the 'const' keyword, showcasing the declaration of a constant float 'p' with the value 3.14."]}, {'end': 3358.584, 'segs': [{'end': 2912.746, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2847.369, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2849.91, 'text': "Okay, let's see implicit type conversion in action.", 'start': 2847.369, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 2856.019, 'text': 'First I declare a byte, call it b, and set it to 1.', 'start': 2850.61, 'duration': 5.409}, {'end': 2861.241, 'text': 'I declare an integer and set it to B.', 'start': 2856.019, 'duration': 5.222}, {'end': 2866.043, 'text': 'Again, to recap, a byte is only one byte and an integer is four bytes.', 'start': 2861.241, 'duration': 4.802}, {'end': 2869.164, 'text': 'So we can copy B to I without data loss.', 'start': 2866.763, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 2871.825, 'text': 'And as you see, there is no compile time error here.', 'start': 2869.884, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 2874.746, 'text': "Let's put I on the console.", 'start': 2873.566, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 2879.388, 'text': 'So console.WriteLine and we pass I here.', 'start': 2875.346, 'duration': 4.042}, {'end': 2887.991, 'text': 'Note that as I typed console.WriteLine, my ReSharper plugin automatically added this using system statement on the top.', 'start': 2881.229, 'duration': 6.762}, {'end': 2892.713, 'text': "Again, if you don't have ReSharper, you need to go manually at this statement here.", 'start': 2889.192, 'duration': 3.521}, {'end': 2896.715, 'text': 'We run the application by CTRL and F5.', 'start': 2894.574, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 2901.256, 'text': 'So we got eye on the console.', 'start': 2900.036, 'duration': 1.22}, {'end': 2905.838, 'text': "Now let's reverse this and see what happens.", 'start': 2903.877, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 2912.746, 'text': "So I'm gonna get rid of this code here, control X, control X, control X.", 'start': 2906.923, 'duration': 5.823}], 'summary': 'Demonstrated implicit type conversion from byte to integer.', 'duration': 65.377, 'max_score': 2847.369, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY2847369.jpg'}, {'end': 3032.12, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2972.978, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2979.883, 'text': 'Now in this case, no data loss will happen because the value is small enough to be stored in one byte.', 'start': 2972.978, 'duration': 6.905}, {'end': 2982.406, 'text': "Let's put b on the console.", 'start': 2981.165, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 2987.91, 'text': 'Console.WriteLine b.', 'start': 2983.627, 'duration': 4.283}, {'end': 2988.691, 'text': 'We run the application.', 'start': 2987.91, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 2994.581, 'text': "so everything is good, but let's see what happens.", 'start': 2991.82, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 3002.365, 'text': "if we set i to, let's say, 1000, we cannot store the number 1000 in a byte.", 'start': 2994.581, 'duration': 7.784}, {'end': 3005.626, 'text': 'the maximum we can store in a byte is 255.', 'start': 3002.365, 'duration': 3.261}, {'end': 3014.831, 'text': 'so if we run the application now, we got 232 because some of the bits were lost,', 'start': 3005.626, 'duration': 9.205}, {'end': 3023.674, 'text': 'and this is the reason that C sharp compiler knows that there is a chance for data loss and it enforces you to explicitly specify the cast.', 'start': 3014.831, 'duration': 8.843}, {'end': 3032.12, 'text': 'Sometimes you know that despite the differences in data types, there is no chance of data loss, like in the last example where I was set to one.', 'start': 3024.555, 'duration': 7.565}], 'summary': 'In c#, data loss occurs when storing values exceeding byte limit.', 'duration': 59.142, 'max_score': 2972.978, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY2972978.jpg'}, {'end': 3110.34, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3078.572, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3084.295, 'text': "let's take a look at the error cannot cast expression of type string to type int.", 'start': 3078.572, 'duration': 5.723}, {'end': 3089.917, 'text': "so if you see that error, that's the time when you need to use the convert class.", 'start': 3084.295, 'duration': 5.622}, {'end': 3092.078, 'text': 'so we type in convert dot.', 'start': 3089.917, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 3099.601, 'text': 'take a look at these methods here to byte to char, to int 16, to int 32 and many other methods here.', 'start': 3092.078, 'duration': 7.523}, {'end': 3110.34, 'text': "so let's convert that to an integer which is int32 and pass number as an argument here.", 'start': 3101.414, 'duration': 8.926}], 'summary': 'Use the convert class to convert string to int32 to resolve the error.', 'duration': 31.768, 'max_score': 3078.572, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY3078572.jpg'}, {'end': 3362.205, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3334.162, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3337.264, 'text': "See, we got the friendly message and the application didn't crash.", 'start': 3334.162, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 3346.349, 'text': 'So what I want you to take away from this lecture is this convert class works pretty well in most cases,', 'start': 3340.045, 'duration': 6.304}, {'end': 3354.262, 'text': 'but in cases where the source type cannot be converted to the target type, there is a chance for exception, and you need to be aware of that,', 'start': 3346.349, 'duration': 7.913}, {'end': 3358.584, 'text': 'and what you need to do is to wrap this block of code with try catch.', 'start': 3354.262, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 3362.205, 'text': "let's take a look at one more example before we finish this lecture.", 'start': 3358.584, 'duration': 3.621}], 'summary': 'The convert class works well, but may cause exceptions. use try catch to handle it.', 'duration': 28.043, 'max_score': 3334.162, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY3334162.jpg'}], 'start': 2847.369, 'title': 'Type conversion in c#', 'summary': "Demonstrates implicit type conversion from a byte to an integer in c#, showcasing absence of data loss and automatic addition of 'using system' statement by resharper plugin. it also explains explicit type conversion, including examples of casting integer to byte and handling exceptions during conversion, highlighting the importance of try-catch blocks to prevent application crashing.", 'chapters': [{'end': 2912.746, 'start': 2847.369, 'title': 'Implicit type conversion', 'summary': "Demonstrates the implicit type conversion from a byte to an integer in c#, showcasing the absence of data loss and the automatic addition of 'using system' statement by resharper plugin. it also exhibits the manual addition of the 'using system' statement without resharper. the example highlights the successful compilation and runtime execution of the code.", 'duration': 65.377, 'highlights': ["The chapter demonstrates the implicit type conversion from a byte to an integer in C#, showcasing the absence of data loss and the automatic addition of 'using system' statement by ReSharper plugin.", "It also exhibits the manual addition of the 'using system' statement without ReSharper.", 'The example highlights the successful compilation and runtime execution of the code.']}, {'end': 3358.584, 'start': 2912.746, 'title': 'Type conversion in c#', 'summary': 'Explains implicit and explicit type conversion in c#, including examples of casting integer to byte and handling exceptions during conversion, highlighting the importance of try-catch blocks to prevent application crashing.', 'duration': 445.838, 'highlights': ['The maximum value that can be stored in a byte is 255, and attempting to store a larger value will result in data loss, demonstrated by setting i to 1000 and getting 232 as output.', 'The importance of using the try-catch block to handle exceptions during type conversion is emphasized, with an example demonstrating the crash of the application when attempting to convert a string to a byte without proper exception handling.', 'The convert class can be used to handle non-compatible types during conversion, as demonstrated by using convert.toByte to handle the conversion of a string to a byte.']}], 'duration': 511.215, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY2847369.jpg', 'highlights': ['The maximum value that can be stored in a byte is 255, and attempting to store a larger value will result in data loss, demonstrated by setting i to 1000 and getting 232 as output.', "The chapter demonstrates the implicit type conversion from a byte to an integer in C#, showcasing the absence of data loss and the automatic addition of 'using system' statement by ReSharper plugin.", 'The importance of using the try-catch block to handle exceptions during type conversion is emphasized, with an example demonstrating the crash of the application when attempting to convert a string to a byte without proper exception handling.', 'The convert class can be used to handle non-compatible types during conversion, as demonstrated by using convert.toByte to handle the conversion of a string to a byte.', "It also exhibits the manual addition of the 'using system' statement without ReSharper.", 'The example highlights the successful compilation and runtime execution of the code.']}, {'end': 4230.502, 'segs': [{'end': 3392.174, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3358.584, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3362.205, 'text': "let's take a look at one more example before we finish this lecture.", 'start': 3358.584, 'duration': 3.621}, {'end': 3372.148, 'text': "let's remove this and instead define a string, call it str and set it to true.", 'start': 3362.205, 'duration': 9.943}, {'end': 3375.89, 'text': 'we can use the convert class to convert that value to a boolean.', 'start': 3372.148, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 3385.35, 'text': 'so bool b equals convert dot to boolean and we pass that str here again.', 'start': 3375.89, 'duration': 9.46}, {'end': 3392.174, 'text': "in this example, string and bool are not compatible, and that's why we cannot use explicit casting.", 'start': 3385.35, 'duration': 6.824}], 'summary': 'Demonstrate how to convert a string to a boolean using the convert class.', 'duration': 33.59, 'max_score': 3358.584, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY3358584.jpg'}, {'end': 3475.045, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3423.99, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3427.312, 'text': "That's purely for demonstration and keeping things simple.", 'start': 3423.99, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 3434.017, 'text': 'And in building real world applications, we should really avoid naming our variables A, B, C, SDR.', 'start': 3428.193, 'duration': 5.824}, {'end': 3435.558, 'text': "It's not really a good practice.", 'start': 3434.077, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 3440.409, 'text': 'The only exception is when we get to loops, which you will see later in this course.', 'start': 3436.448, 'duration': 3.961}, {'end': 3445.671, 'text': 'In for loops, we use counter variables and we call them i or j.', 'start': 3441.249, 'duration': 4.422}, {'end': 3446.731, 'text': "It's a common convention.", 'start': 3445.671, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 3457.254, 'text': "Now here we are just starting to learn C sharp and it's really impossible for me to demonstrate building a real world application because we're just covering the basics or alphabets.", 'start': 3447.631, 'duration': 9.623}, {'end': 3460.796, 'text': 'I hope you enjoyed this lecture and thank you for watching.', 'start': 3458.855, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 3465.297, 'text': 'Okay, we got to operators.', 'start': 3464.097, 'duration': 1.2}, {'end': 3475.045, 'text': 'In C sharp, we have five types of operators, arithmetic, comparison, assignment, logical, and bitwise.', 'start': 3466.618, 'duration': 8.427}], 'summary': 'In c sharp, we learn about variable naming, loops, and five types of operators.', 'duration': 51.055, 'max_score': 3423.99, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY3423990.jpg'}, {'end': 3559.288, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 3510.305, 'weight': 0.953, 'content': [{'end': 3514.408, 'text': 'Now with this increment and decrement operator, there are two ways you can apply them.', 'start': 3510.305, 'duration': 4.103}, {'end': 3516.57, 'text': 'You can use them as a postfix.', 'start': 3515.189, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 3519.412, 'text': 'So in this example, A is one.', 'start': 3517.351, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 3527.319, 'text': 'And when we apply the postfix increment operator, first the value of A is assigned to B.', 'start': 3520.333, 'duration': 6.986}, {'end': 3531.462, 'text': 'So B is gonna be one and then A is incremented by one.', 'start': 3527.319, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 3538.708, 'text': 'So in this example, after the second line is executed, A is going to be two and B is going to be one.', 'start': 3532.683, 'duration': 6.025}, {'end': 3544.902, 'text': "Now let's take a look at a different way of applying increment operator as a prefix.", 'start': 3540.1, 'duration': 4.802}, {'end': 3554.867, 'text': "So in this example, in the second line, first A is incremented by 1, and then it's assigned to B.", 'start': 3546.043, 'duration': 8.824}, {'end': 3559.288, 'text': 'So after the second line, both A and B are going to be 2.', 'start': 3554.867, 'duration': 4.421}], 'summary': 'Using increment and decrement operators in two different ways, resulting in specific values for variables a and b.', 'duration': 48.983, 'max_score': 3510.305, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY3510305.jpg'}, {'end': 4161.069, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4136.892, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4143.837, 'text': 'so in this example, we can rewrite this multi line comment with double slash style like this.', 'start': 4136.892, 'duration': 6.945}, {'end': 4147.68, 'text': 'now, as a rule of thumb, keep your comments to minimum.', 'start': 4143.837, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 4155.066, 'text': "use comments only when required, and that's when explaining wise house constraints and things like that.", 'start': 4147.68, 'duration': 7.386}, {'end': 4157.528, 'text': 'do not explain what the code is doing.', 'start': 4155.066, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 4161.069, 'text': "your code should be so clean and straightforward that it doesn't need comment.", 'start': 4157.528, 'duration': 3.541}], 'summary': 'Minimize comments, use only when necessary, and focus on clean, clear code.', 'duration': 24.177, 'max_score': 4136.892, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY4136892.jpg'}, {'end': 4209.657, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4183.854, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4190.577, 'text': 'So again, keep them to minimum and explain whys, hows and constraints that you had at the time you wrote the code.', 'start': 4183.854, 'duration': 6.723}, {'end': 4195.38, 'text': 'so the next person who is reading your code knows the reason why you wrote the code that way.', 'start': 4190.577, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 4209.657, 'text': 'In this section you learned that C-Sharp is a statically typed language, which means once you declare a variable, you need to specify its type,', 'start': 4201.775, 'duration': 7.882}], 'summary': 'C-sharp is a statically typed language, emphasizing the importance of explaining code decisions.', 'duration': 25.803, 'max_score': 4183.854, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY4183854.jpg'}], 'start': 3358.584, 'title': 'Using the convert class and c sharp basics', 'summary': 'Demonstrates using the convert class to convert a true string to a boolean value and covers the basics of c sharp, including five types of operators and the usage of comments, emphasizing the importance of meaningful variable names and keeping comments to a minimum.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3446.731, 'start': 3358.584, 'title': 'Using the convert class for type conversion', 'summary': 'Demonstrates using the convert class to convert a true string to a boolean value, highlighting the incompatibility between string and bool and the importance of using meaningful variable names, with an emphasis on avoiding short and ambiguous names like b or sdr.', 'duration': 88.147, 'highlights': ['The Convert class is utilized to convert a true string to a boolean value, showcasing the incompatibility between string and bool and the successful conversion process.', 'Emphasizes the importance of using meaningful and descriptive variable names in real-world applications, discouraging the use of short and ambiguous names like B or SDR.', 'Provides insight into the convention of using counter variables i or j in for loops as a common practice.']}, {'end': 4230.502, 'start': 3447.631, 'title': 'C sharp basics: operators and comments', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of c sharp, including five types of operators: arithmetic, comparison, assignment, logical, and bitwise. it also explains the usage of comments, emphasizing the importance of keeping comments to a minimum and focusing on explaining whys, hows, and constraints. additionally, it introduces the concept of c-sharp as a statically typed language and the primitive types in c-sharp.', 'duration': 782.871, 'highlights': ["C-Sharp is a statically typed language, which requires specifying the type of a variable and does not allow the type to change during the variable's lifetime.", 'Explanation of the five types of operators in C sharp, including arithmetic, comparison, assignment, logical, and bitwise.', 'Importance of keeping comments to a minimum and focusing on explaining whys, hows, and constraints in code.']}], 'duration': 871.918, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gfkTfcpWqAY/pics/gfkTfcpWqAY3358584.jpg', 'highlights': ["C-Sharp is a statically typed language, which requires specifying the type of a variable and does not allow the type to change during the variable's lifetime.", 'Demonstrates using the Convert class to convert a true string to a boolean value, showcasing the incompatibility between string and bool and the successful conversion process.', 'Explanation of the five types of operators in C sharp, including arithmetic, comparison, assignment, logical, and bitwise.', 'Emphasizes the importance of using meaningful and descriptive variable names in real-world applications, discouraging the use of short and ambiguous names like B or SDR.', 'Importance of keeping comments to a minimum and focusing on explaining whys, hows, and constraints in code.', 'Provides insight into the convention of using counter variables i or j in for loops as a common practice.']}], 'highlights': ['The C-Sharp basics course has over 5,000 students and 400 five-star reviews, offering a 30-day money-back guarantee.', 'The course emphasizes hands-on learning, starting with the basics and gradually progressing to more advanced concepts and program writing.', 'The course covers fundamentals of C-Sharp and .NET, including the difference between C-Sharp and .NET, CLR, assemblies, namespaces, IL code, and more.', 'Visual Studio provides templates for various C# applications, including desktop, web, cloud, and mobile.', 'The chapter introduces the structure of a C Sharp program with a focus on assembly identification, references, and app configuration.', 'The concept of scope in programming determines where a variable or constant is meaningful and accessible within specific blocks of code.', 'The chapter introduces the C# basics course on Udemy covering core concepts and providing access to exercises, cheat sheets, and a discussion board.', "C-Sharp is a statically typed language, which requires specifying the type of a variable and does not allow the type to change during the variable's lifetime.", 'The chapter demonstrates format strings in C# for byte and float values, showcasing the replacement of placeholders with corresponding arguments.', 'The maximum value that can be stored in a byte is 255, and attempting to store a larger value will result in data loss, demonstrated by setting i to 1000 and getting 232 as output.']}