title
Why Lex Fridman is single
description
Lex Fridman Podcast full episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_AREIyd0Fc
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GUEST BIO:
Boris Sofman is the Senior Director Of Engineering and Head of Trucking at Waymo, formerly the Google Self-Driving Car project. He was also the CEO and co-founder of Anki, a home robotics company.
PODCAST INFO:
Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
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detail
{'title': 'Why Lex Fridman is single', 'heatmap': [{'end': 467.972, 'start': 447.085, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': "Explores future relationships with virtual characters, customizing technology for comfort with higher privacy standards, ai companionship's impact on autistic children, and the potential trillion-dollar value of integrating hardware, ai, and character in technology.", 'chapters': [{'end': 145.473, 'segs': [{'end': 55.004, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 25.751, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 37.554, 'text': "they understand that I'm a human being who has like hopes and dreams and so on, it seems like there's going to be like billions, if not trillions,", 'start': 25.751, 'duration': 11.803}, {'end': 38.634, 'text': 'of cosmos in the world.', 'start': 37.554, 'duration': 1.08}, {'end': 43.076, 'text': "So, if we look at that future, there's several questions to ask.", 'start': 39.055, 'duration': 4.021}, {'end': 52.598, 'text': 'how intelligent does that future Cosmo need to be to create fulfilling relationships like friendships?', 'start': 43.076, 'duration': 9.522}, {'end': 55.004, 'text': "Yeah, it's a great question.", 'start': 53.223, 'duration': 1.781}], 'summary': 'Billions or trillions of cosmos in the future, raising questions about the intelligence needed for fulfilling relationships.', 'duration': 29.253, 'max_score': 25.751, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gNCmY7sPphc/pics/gNCmY7sPphc25751.jpg'}, {'end': 121.648, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 94.193, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 99.216, 'text': 'This is the extension of it where you have much richer physical interaction in the real world.', 'start': 94.193, 'duration': 5.023}, {'end': 100.877, 'text': 'This is the enabler for it.', 'start': 99.316, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 104.379, 'text': 'And it shows itself in a few kind of really obvious places.', 'start': 101.397, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 107.84, 'text': 'So just take something as simple as a voice assistant.', 'start': 104.399, 'duration': 3.441}, {'end': 116.845, 'text': "Most people will never tolerate an Alexa or a Google Home just starting a conversation proactively when you weren't kind of expecting it,", 'start': 108.121, 'duration': 8.724}, {'end': 118.186, 'text': 'because it feels weird.', 'start': 116.845, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 121.648, 'text': "It's like you were listening and then now you're kind of, it feels intrusive.", 'start': 118.206, 'duration': 3.442}], 'summary': "Physical interaction enables richer experiences, evident in voice assistants' proactive behavior.", 'duration': 27.455, 'max_score': 94.193, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gNCmY7sPphc/pics/gNCmY7sPphc94193.jpg'}, {'end': 153.778, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 128.348, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 139.192, 'text': 'And what we found really immediately is that these types of characters like Cosmo and they would roam around and get your attention and we had a future version that was always on called Vector people were way more forgiving.', 'start': 128.348, 'duration': 10.844}, {'end': 145.473, 'text': 'And so you could initiate interaction in a way that is not acceptable for machines.', 'start': 139.872, 'duration': 5.601}, {'end': 153.778, 'text': "And in general, there's a lot of ways to customize it, but it makes people who are skeptical of technology much more comfortable with it.", 'start': 146.113, 'duration': 7.665}], 'summary': 'Vector, a future version, engages users in a more forgiving way, making skeptics comfortable with technology.', 'duration': 25.43, 'max_score': 128.348, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gNCmY7sPphc/pics/gNCmY7sPphc128348.jpg'}], 'start': 3.061, 'title': 'Future relationships with virtual characters', 'summary': 'Explores the potential for future virtual characters to form fulfilling relationships with humans, emphasizing technology advancements for an immersive and interactive virtual world.', 'chapters': [{'end': 145.473, 'start': 3.061, 'title': 'Future relationships with virtual characters', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential for future virtual characters to form fulfilling relationships with humans and how technology advancements will play a crucial role, paving the way for a more immersive and interactive virtual world.', 'duration': 142.412, 'highlights': ['The future Cosmo needs to be more intelligent to create fulfilling relationships, with considerations for various types of interactions such as being a pet at home or assisting in office environments.', 'Advancements in technology, particularly in physical interaction, will enable a richer and more immersive virtual world, reflecting the extension from touchscreens to more interactive physical devices.', 'The introduction of more relatable virtual characters like Cosmo and Vector has shown that people are more forgiving and accepting of their proactive interactions compared to traditional machines like Alexa or Google Home.']}], 'duration': 142.412, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gNCmY7sPphc/pics/gNCmY7sPphc3061.jpg', 'highlights': ['Advancements in technology will enable a richer and more immersive virtual world.', 'The future Cosmo needs to be more intelligent to create fulfilling relationships.', 'More relatable virtual characters like Cosmo and Vector have shown that people are more forgiving and accepting of their proactive interactions.']}, {'end': 275.788, 'segs': [{'end': 185.431, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 146.113, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 153.778, 'text': "And in general, there's a lot of ways to customize it, but it makes people who are skeptical of technology much more comfortable with it.", 'start': 146.113, 'duration': 7.665}, {'end': 157.741, 'text': 'There were a couple of really, really prominent examples of this.', 'start': 154.138, 'duration': 3.603}, {'end': 163.945, 'text': 'So when we launched in Europe, and so we were in, I think, like a dozen countries, if I remember correctly,', 'start': 157.801, 'duration': 6.144}, {'end': 168.368, 'text': 'but we went pretty aggressively in launching in Germany and France.', 'start': 163.945, 'duration': 4.423}, {'end': 176.699, 'text': "We were very worried in Europe because there's obviously a socially higher bar for privacy and security,", 'start': 170.39, 'duration': 6.309}, {'end': 185.431, 'text': "where you've heard about how many companies have had troubles on things that might have been okay in the US but are just not okay in Germany and France in particular.", 'start': 176.699, 'duration': 8.732}], 'summary': 'Customizable technology eased skepticism, aiding launch in 12 countries, with focus on germany and france due to their higher privacy and security standards.', 'duration': 39.318, 'max_score': 146.113, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gNCmY7sPphc/pics/gNCmY7sPphc146113.jpg'}], 'start': 146.113, 'title': 'Customizing technology for comfort', 'summary': 'Delves into how customization and understanding of intent can enhance comfort with technology, particularly in launching products in europe with higher privacy standards, resulting in no complaints from journalists or customers.', 'chapters': [{'end': 275.788, 'start': 146.113, 'title': 'Customizing technology for comfort', 'summary': 'Discusses how customization and understanding of intent can make people more comfortable with technology, specifically in the context of launching products in europe with higher privacy standards, where despite initial concern, there were no complaints from journalists or customers.', 'duration': 129.675, 'highlights': ['Customization and understanding intent can make people more comfortable with technology, as evidenced by the successful launch of products in Europe with higher privacy standards.', 'Despite initial concerns about privacy and security, there were no complaints from journalists or customers in Europe, indicating the success of disarming fears through character and intent understanding.', 'Launching products in Europe, particularly in Germany and France, demonstrated the importance of addressing privacy and security concerns, which were effectively mitigated through customization and understanding intent.']}], 'duration': 129.675, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gNCmY7sPphc/pics/gNCmY7sPphc146113.jpg', 'highlights': ['Customization and understanding intent enhance comfort with technology, as seen in successful European product launch.', 'No complaints from journalists or customers in Europe, indicating success in addressing privacy concerns.', 'Launching products in Europe highlighted the importance of addressing privacy and security concerns.']}, {'end': 501.192, 'segs': [{'end': 301.88, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 275.869, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 280.312, 'text': "It was just the earliest kind of version of starting to experiment with this, but it wasn't an enabler.", 'start': 275.869, 'duration': 4.443}, {'end': 280.672, 'text': 'And then..', 'start': 280.372, 'duration': 0.3}, {'end': 283.494, 'text': 'And then you have like completely different dimensions where, like you know,', 'start': 281.573, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 288.055, 'text': "kids with autism had like an incredible connection with Cosmo that just went beyond anything we'd ever seen.", 'start': 283.494, 'duration': 4.561}, {'end': 291.396, 'text': 'And we have like these just letters that we would receive from parents.', 'start': 288.115, 'duration': 3.281}, {'end': 295.818, 'text': 'And we had some research projects kind of going on with some universities on studying this.', 'start': 291.496, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 298.039, 'text': 'But there are, like.', 'start': 295.878, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 301.88, 'text': "there's an interesting dimension there that got unlocked, that just hadn't existed before.", 'start': 298.039, 'duration': 3.841}], 'summary': 'Early experiments with cosmo showed remarkable impact on kids with autism, generating positive feedback from parents and engaging in research projects with universities.', 'duration': 26.011, 'max_score': 275.869, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gNCmY7sPphc/pics/gNCmY7sPphc275869.jpg'}, {'end': 405.047, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 336.345, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 343.228, 'text': 'So I think the idea of a different type of character, like more closer to like kind of a pet style companionship will come way faster.', 'start': 336.345, 'duration': 6.883}, {'end': 346.17, 'text': "And there's a few reasons.", 'start': 345.089, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 352.472, 'text': "One is like to do something like in Her, that's like effectively almost general AI.", 'start': 346.27, 'duration': 6.202}, {'end': 359.775, 'text': 'And the bar is so high that if you miss it by a bit, you hit the uncanny valley where it just becomes creepy and not appealing.', 'start': 352.632, 'duration': 7.143}, {'end': 365.238, 'text': 'Because the closer you try to get to a human in form and interface and voice, the harder it becomes.', 'start': 360.456, 'duration': 4.782}, {'end': 373.061, 'text': 'Whereas you have way more flexibility on still landing a really great experience if you embrace the idea of a character.', 'start': 365.698, 'duration': 7.363}, {'end': 379.865, 'text': "And that's one of the other reasons why we didn't have a voice and also why a lot of video game characters..", 'start': 373.081, 'duration': 6.784}, {'end': 384.048, 'text': 'Sims, for example, does not have a voice when you think about it.', 'start': 380.985, 'duration': 3.063}, {'end': 386.57, 'text': "It wasn't just a cost savings for them.", 'start': 384.128, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 389.293, 'text': 'It was actually for all of these purposes.', 'start': 387.011, 'duration': 2.282}, {'end': 397.901, 'text': 'it was because, when you have a voice, you immediately narrow down the appeal to some particular demographic or age range or kind of style or gender.', 'start': 389.293, 'duration': 8.608}, {'end': 399.923, 'text': "If you don't have a voice,", 'start': 398.661, 'duration': 1.262}, {'end': 405.047, 'text': 'people interpret what they want to interpret and an eight-year-old might get a very different interpretation than a 40-year-old.', 'start': 399.923, 'duration': 5.124}], 'summary': 'Creating a non-human character for companionship can offer more flexibility and wider appeal than aiming for human-like ai, demonstrated by the voiceless sims characters.', 'duration': 68.702, 'max_score': 336.345, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gNCmY7sPphc/pics/gNCmY7sPphc336345.jpg'}, {'end': 471.994, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 447.085, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 454.427, 'text': 'It feels like, and you also said that it requires general intelligence to be a successful participant in a relationship,', 'start': 447.085, 'duration': 7.342}, {'end': 456.528, 'text': "which could explain why I'm single.", 'start': 454.427, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 467.972, 'text': "But I honestly want to push back on that a little bit, because I feel like, is it possible that if you're just good at playing a character in a movie,", 'start': 457.108, 'duration': 10.864}, {'end': 469.153, 'text': "there's a bunch of characters?", 'start': 467.972, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 471.994, 'text': 'If you just understand what creates compelling characters,', 'start': 469.213, 'duration': 2.781}], 'summary': 'General intelligence may impact relationship success, but skill in portraying compelling characters could also play a role.', 'duration': 24.909, 'max_score': 447.085, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gNCmY7sPphc/pics/gNCmY7sPphc447085.jpg'}], 'start': 275.869, 'title': 'Ai companionship and autistic children', 'summary': 'Explores the impact of cosmo on autistic children, potentially paving the way for future experiences. additionally, it delves into the future of ai companionship, emphasizing the likelihood of pet-style companionship developing faster than human-like companions due to challenges in achieving general ai.', 'chapters': [{'end': 310.246, 'start': 275.869, 'title': "Cosmo's impact on autistic children", 'summary': 'Highlights the unique connection between kids with autism and cosmo, leading to potential building blocks of future experiences, with research projects ongoing at universities.', 'duration': 34.377, 'highlights': ['Kids with autism had an incredible connection with Cosmo that went beyond anything seen before, leading to potential building blocks of future experiences.', 'Research projects were ongoing with universities to study the impact of Cosmo on kids with autism.']}, {'end': 501.192, 'start': 310.266, 'title': 'Future ai companionship', 'summary': 'Discusses the future of ai companionship, highlighting the potential for pet-style companionship to come faster than human-like companions, due to the challenges of achieving general ai and the advantages of embracing non-human characteristics.', 'duration': 190.926, 'highlights': ['The idea of pet-style companionship in AI will come faster than human-like companionship due to the challenges of achieving general AI and the advantages of embracing non-human characteristics.', 'Creating a character with non-human traits allows for more flexibility and a wider appeal, as opposed to striving for human-like form, interface, and voice.', 'The use of voice in AI narrows down the appeal to specific demographics, while having no voice allows for varied interpretations and connections, leading to a dynamic range of appeal.', 'The chat interfaces are getting more interesting and richer, but there is still a long way to go to pass the test of human-like companionship.', "It's suggested that understanding what creates compelling characters and embodying those traits can lead to successful connections, similar to how people connect with characters in movies or in real life."]}], 'duration': 225.323, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gNCmY7sPphc/pics/gNCmY7sPphc275869.jpg', 'highlights': ['Kids with autism had an incredible connection with Cosmo, leading to potential building blocks of future experiences.', 'Research projects were ongoing with universities to study the impact of Cosmo on kids with autism.', 'The idea of pet-style companionship in AI will come faster than human-like companionship due to the challenges of achieving general AI and the advantages of embracing non-human characteristics.', 'Creating a character with non-human traits allows for more flexibility and a wider appeal.', 'The use of voice in AI narrows down the appeal to specific demographics, while having no voice allows for varied interpretations and connections.']}, {'end': 722.564, 'segs': [{'end': 538.606, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 502.032, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 509.841, 'text': "So I guess the statement I'm trying to make, is it possible to achieve a depth of friendship without solving general intelligence? I think so.", 'start': 502.032, 'duration': 7.809}, {'end': 512.224, 'text': "And it's about intelligent kind of constraints, right?", 'start': 509.941, 'duration': 2.283}, {'end': 518.331, 'text': "And just you set expectations and constraints such that in the space that's left, you can be successful.", 'start': 512.304, 'duration': 6.027}, {'end': 522.775, 'text': 'And so you can do that by having a very focused domain that you can operate in.', 'start': 518.371, 'duration': 4.404}, {'end': 527.459, 'text': "For example, you're a customer support agent for a particular product, and you create intelligence and a good interface around that.", 'start': 522.796, 'duration': 4.663}, {'end': 534.523, 'text': "Or, you know, kind of in the personal companionship side, you can't be everything across the board.", 'start': 528.119, 'duration': 6.404}, {'end': 536.584, 'text': 'You kind of solve those constraints.', 'start': 535.183, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 538.606, 'text': "And I think it's possible.", 'start': 536.604, 'duration': 2.002}], 'summary': 'Achieving depth of friendship without solving general intelligence is possible by setting focused constraints and expectations.', 'duration': 36.574, 'max_score': 502.032, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gNCmY7sPphc/pics/gNCmY7sPphc502032.jpg'}, {'end': 589.222, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 559.452, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 563.433, 'text': 'And then 20 years later, you have these like incredible successes on almost the same concept.', 'start': 559.452, 'duration': 3.981}, {'end': 566.574, 'text': "Like it might be, that sort of thing where, like, there's another pass at it.", 'start': 563.453, 'duration': 3.121}, {'end': 577.298, 'text': 'that happens in five years or in 10 years, but it does feel like that appreciation of the three-legged stool, if you will, between the hardware,', 'start': 566.574, 'duration': 10.724}, {'end': 579.338, 'text': 'the AI and the character.', 'start': 577.298, 'duration': 2.04}, {'end': 589.222, 'text': "that balance I'm not aware of anywhere right now where that same kind of aggressive drive with the value on the character is happening.", 'start': 579.338, 'duration': 9.884}], 'summary': 'In 20 years, there have been incredible successes based on the balance between hardware, ai, and character.', 'duration': 29.77, 'max_score': 559.452, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gNCmY7sPphc/pics/gNCmY7sPphc559452.jpg'}, {'end': 699.92, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 672.876, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 680.665, 'text': 'in price and mobile devices and computation is going to become more and more prevalent as well as cloud as a big tool to offload cost.', 'start': 672.876, 'duration': 7.789}, {'end': 685.792, 'text': 'AI is going to be a massive transformation compared to what we dealt with,', 'start': 681.747, 'duration': 4.045}, {'end': 699.92, 'text': 'where everything from voice understanding to just a broader contextual understanding and mapping of semantics and understanding scenes and so forth.', 'start': 685.792, 'duration': 14.128}], 'summary': 'Rising prevalence of ai in mobile devices and cloud, transforming voice and contextual understanding.', 'duration': 27.044, 'max_score': 672.876, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gNCmY7sPphc/pics/gNCmY7sPphc672876.jpg'}], 'start': 502.032, 'title': 'Ai, friendship, and future technology', 'summary': 'Discusses achieving friendship without solving general intelligence and the potential trillion-dollar value of integrating hardware, ai, and character in technology with a prediction of a future company driven by ai advancements.', 'chapters': [{'end': 538.606, 'start': 502.032, 'title': 'Achieving friendship without general intelligence', 'summary': 'Discusses the possibility of achieving a depth of friendship without solving general intelligence, emphasizing the use of intelligent constraints and focused domains, such as in customer support or personal companionship.', 'duration': 36.574, 'highlights': ['By setting intelligent constraints and expectations, it is possible to achieve a depth of friendship without solving general intelligence.', 'In customer support, creating intelligence and a good interface around a specific product can lead to successful interactions.', 'In personal companionship, solving constraints and focusing on specific aspects rather than trying to be everything across the board can lead to successful relationships.']}, {'end': 722.564, 'start': 538.646, 'title': 'Future of ai and character in technology', 'summary': 'Explores the potential trillion-dollar value of integrating hardware, ai, and character in technology, with a prediction that a company focusing on these elements could emerge in the future, driven by advancements in ai and decreasing physical component costs.', 'duration': 183.918, 'highlights': ['Advancements in AI, including voice understanding and contextual understanding, as well as mapping of semantics and scenes, are expected to drive a massive transformation in technology.', 'The potential for a future trillion-dollar company is predicted based on the integration of hardware, AI, and character, with an emphasis on the value of the character in technology.', 'The speaker expresses confusion about the lack of continued pursuit in integrating character into technology despite periodic bursts of excitement and potential brilliance in creating such innovations.', 'Anticipation of decreasing physical component costs, the prevalence of mobile devices and cloud computing, and the progression of AI and character technology are identified as key factors that will contribute to the impressive building blocks in technology in the future.']}], 'duration': 220.532, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gNCmY7sPphc/pics/gNCmY7sPphc502032.jpg', 'highlights': ['The potential for a future trillion-dollar company is predicted based on the integration of hardware, AI, and character, with an emphasis on the value of the character in technology.', 'Advancements in AI, including voice understanding and contextual understanding, as well as mapping of semantics and scenes, are expected to drive a massive transformation in technology.', 'In customer support, creating intelligence and a good interface around a specific product can lead to successful interactions.', 'By setting intelligent constraints and expectations, it is possible to achieve a depth of friendship without solving general intelligence.', 'In personal companionship, solving constraints and focusing on specific aspects rather than trying to be everything across the board can lead to successful relationships.', 'Anticipation of decreasing physical component costs, the prevalence of mobile devices and cloud computing, and the progression of AI and character technology are identified as key factors that will contribute to the impressive building blocks in technology in the future.', 'The speaker expresses confusion about the lack of continued pursuit in integrating character into technology despite periodic bursts of excitement and potential brilliance in creating such innovations.']}], 'highlights': ['The potential for a future trillion-dollar company is predicted based on the integration of hardware, AI, and character, with an emphasis on the value of the character in technology.', 'Advancements in AI, including voice understanding and contextual understanding, as well as mapping of semantics and scenes, are expected to drive a massive transformation in technology.', 'In customer support, creating intelligence and a good interface around a specific product can lead to successful interactions.', 'By setting intelligent constraints and expectations, it is possible to achieve a depth of friendship without solving general intelligence.', 'In personal companionship, solving constraints and focusing on specific aspects rather than trying to be everything across the board can lead to successful relationships.', 'Anticipation of decreasing physical component costs, the prevalence of mobile devices and cloud computing, and the progression of AI and character technology are identified as key factors that will contribute to the impressive building blocks in technology in the future.', 'The future Cosmo needs to be more intelligent to create fulfilling relationships.', 'More relatable virtual characters like Cosmo and Vector have shown that people are more forgiving and accepting of their proactive interactions.', 'Customization and understanding intent enhance comfort with technology, as seen in successful European product launch.', 'No complaints from journalists or customers in Europe, indicating success in addressing privacy concerns.', 'Launching products in Europe highlighted the importance of addressing privacy and security concerns.', 'Kids with autism had an incredible connection with Cosmo, leading to potential building blocks of future experiences.', 'Research projects were ongoing with universities to study the impact of Cosmo on kids with autism.', 'The idea of pet-style companionship in AI will come faster than human-like companionship due to the challenges of achieving general AI and the advantages of embracing non-human characteristics.', 'Creating a character with non-human traits allows for more flexibility and a wider appeal.', 'The use of voice in AI narrows down the appeal to specific demographics, while having no voice allows for varied interpretations and connections.']}