title
Travis Oliphant: NumPy, SciPy, Anaconda, Python & Scientific Programming | Lex Fridman Podcast #224

description
Travis Oliphant is a data scientist, entrepreneur, and creator of NumPy, SciPy, and Anaconda. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Novo: https://banknovo.com/lex - Allform: https://allform.com/lex to get 20% off - Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil - Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium EPISODE LINKS: Travis's Twitter: https://twitter.com/teoliphant Travis's Wiki Page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_Oliphant NumPy: https://numpy.org/ SciPy: https://scipy.org/about.html Anaconda: https://www.anaconda.com/products/individual Quansight: https://www.quansight.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 1:11 - Early programming 22:52 - SciPy 39:46 - Open source 51:29 - NumPy 1:28:44 - Guido van Rossum 1:41:02 - Efficiency 1:49:54 - Objects 1:56:52 - Numba 2:05:58 - Anaconda 2:10:25 - Conda 2:26:01 - Quansight Labs 2:29:37 - OpenTeams 2:37:10 - GitHub 2:42:40 - Marketing 2:47:18 - Great programming 2:58:08 - Hiring 3:02:06 - Advice for young people SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Travis Oliphant: NumPy, SciPy, Anaconda, Python & Scientific Programming | Lex Fridman Podcast #224', 'heatmap': [{'end': 11111.482, 'start': 11011.837, 'weight': 0.723}], 'summary': "Travis oliphant's immeasurable impact through creating numpy, scipy, and anaconda, empowering scientists and engineers; python's pivotal role in biomedical engineering and scientific computing; challenges and innovations in open source; numpy's pivotal role in data science, evolution, and impact; leadership pressure, python 3 transition, numba compiler, numba's role in enhancing python performance, accelerating array computing, and challenges in open source.", 'chapters': [{'end': 70.38, 'segs': [{'end': 70.38, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.049, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7.273, 'text': 'The following is a conversation with Travis Oliphant, one of the most impactful programmers and data scientists ever.', 'start': 0.049, 'duration': 7.224}, {'end': 11.996, 'text': 'He created NumPy, SciPy, and Anaconda.', 'start': 7.974, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 16.579, 'text': 'NumPy formed the foundation of tensor-based machine learning in Python.', 'start': 12.856, 'duration': 3.723}, {'end': 24.063, 'text': 'SciPy formed the foundation of scientific programming in Python and Anaconda, specifically with Conda,', 'start': 16.579, 'duration': 7.484}, {'end': 26.945, 'text': 'made Python more accessible to a much larger audience.', 'start': 24.063, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 38.508, 'text': "Travis's life work across a large number of programming and entrepreneurial efforts has and will continue to have immeasurable impact on millions of lives,", 'start': 27.705, 'duration': 10.803}, {'end': 42.53, 'text': 'by empowering scientists and engineers in big companies,', 'start': 38.508, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 49.692, 'text': 'small companies and open source communities to take on difficult problems and solve them with the power of programming.', 'start': 42.53, 'duration': 7.162}, {'end': 57.135, 'text': "Plus. he's a truly kind human being, which is something that, when combined with vision and ambition,", 'start': 50.572, 'duration': 6.563}, {'end': 60.156, 'text': 'makes for a great leader and a great person to chat with.', 'start': 57.135, 'duration': 3.021}, {'end': 64.277, 'text': 'To support this podcast, please check out our sponsors in the description.', 'start': 60.176, 'duration': 4.101}, {'end': 70.38, 'text': 'This is the Lex Friedman Podcast, and here is my conversation with Travis Oliphant.', 'start': 64.958, 'duration': 5.422}], 'summary': 'Travis oliphant created numpy, scipy, and anaconda, impacting millions by empowering scientists and engineers with the power of programming.', 'duration': 70.331, 'max_score': 0.049, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww49.jpg'}], 'start': 0.049, 'title': "Travis oliphant's impact", 'summary': "Highlights travis oliphant's immeasurable impact on millions of lives through creating numpy, scipy, and anaconda, empowering scientists and engineers in big and small companies with the power of programming.", 'chapters': [{'end': 70.38, 'start': 0.049, 'title': 'Travis oliphant: impactful programmer and data scientist', 'summary': "Highlights travis oliphant's immeasurable impact on millions of lives through creating numpy, scipy, and anaconda, empowering scientists and engineers in big and small companies with the power of programming.", 'duration': 70.331, 'highlights': ['Travis Oliphant created NumPy, SciPy, and Anaconda, which have had immeasurable impact on millions of lives.', 'NumPy formed the foundation of tensor-based machine learning in Python.', 'SciPy formed the foundation of scientific programming in Python and Anaconda, specifically with Conda, made Python more accessible to a much larger audience.', 'His work has empowered scientists and engineers in big companies, small companies, and open source communities to take on difficult problems and solve them with the power of programming.', "Travis's kindness combined with vision and ambition makes him a great leader and a great person to chat with."]}], 'duration': 70.331, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww49.jpg', 'highlights': ['Travis Oliphant created NumPy, SciPy, and Anaconda, which have had immeasurable impact on millions of lives.', 'His work has empowered scientists and engineers in big companies, small companies, and open source communities to take on difficult problems and solve them with the power of programming.', 'NumPy formed the foundation of tensor-based machine learning in Python.', 'SciPy formed the foundation of scientific programming in Python and Anaconda, specifically with Conda, made Python more accessible to a much larger audience.', "Travis's kindness combined with vision and ambition makes him a great leader and a great person to chat with."]}, {'end': 1463.47, 'segs': [{'end': 283.452, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 252.546, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 254.248, 'text': 'And so I did great at times tables.', 'start': 252.546, 'duration': 1.702}, {'end': 255.349, 'text': "I said, oh, I'm good at math.", 'start': 254.308, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 259.914, 'text': 'But I started to really like math, just the problem solving aspect.', 'start': 255.809, 'duration': 4.105}, {'end': 264.398, 'text': 'And so computing was problem solving applied.', 'start': 260.334, 'duration': 4.064}, {'end': 269.503, 'text': "And so that's always kind of been the draw, kind of coupled with the mathematics.", 'start': 265.079, 'duration': 4.424}, {'end': 276.548, 'text': 'Did you ever see the computer as like an extension of your mind? Like something able to achieve..', 'start': 270.544, 'duration': 6.004}, {'end': 277.228, 'text': 'Not till later.', 'start': 276.548, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 279.189, 'text': 'Okay Yeah, not then.', 'start': 277.248, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 283.452, 'text': "It's just like a little set of puzzles that you can play with and you can play with math puzzles.", 'start': 279.349, 'duration': 4.103}], 'summary': 'Enjoyed math, saw computing as problem solving, viewed computer as extension of mind later.', 'duration': 30.906, 'max_score': 252.546, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww252546.jpg'}, {'end': 340.419, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 296.121, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 304.068, 'text': "And so, yeah, I would say that's definitely what's attracting me to Python is that that was more real, right? I could think in Python.", 'start': 296.121, 'duration': 7.947}, {'end': 308.992, 'text': 'Speaking of foreign language, I only speak another language fluently besides English, which is Spanish.', 'start': 304.928, 'duration': 4.064}, {'end': 311.073, 'text': 'And I remember the day when I would dream in Spanish.', 'start': 309.032, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 313.395, 'text': 'And you start to think in that language.', 'start': 311.754, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 314.336, 'text': 'And then you actually..', 'start': 313.415, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 315.837, 'text': 'I do definitely believe that language..', 'start': 314.336, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 318.56, 'text': 'limits or expands your thinking.', 'start': 317.119, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 323.605, 'text': 'There are some languages that actually lead you to certain thought processes.', 'start': 319.581, 'duration': 4.024}, {'end': 332.894, 'text': "Yeah So I speak Russian fluently, and that's certainly a language that leads you down certain thought processes.", 'start': 323.865, 'duration': 9.029}, {'end': 334.195, 'text': "Well, yeah, I mean, there's a..", 'start': 333.234, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 340.419, 'text': "There's a history of the two world wars,", 'start': 335.256, 'duration': 5.163}], 'summary': 'Languages influence thinking; speaks spanish, russian fluently.', 'duration': 44.298, 'max_score': 296.121, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww296121.jpg'}, {'end': 394.556, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 365.575, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 371.481, 'text': 'I hate you the swings between all the various spectrums of emotion.', 'start': 365.575, 'duration': 5.906}, {'end': 374.664, 'text': "So that's all within the language, the way it's twisted.", 'start': 371.521, 'duration': 3.143}, {'end': 379.128, 'text': "There's a strong culture of rhyming poetry.", 'start': 375.584, 'duration': 3.544}, {'end': 384.353, 'text': "So like the bards, there's a musicality to the language too.", 'start': 379.148, 'duration': 5.205}, {'end': 392.395, 'text': 'Did Dostoevsky write in Russian? Yeah, so like, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, all the..', 'start': 384.713, 'duration': 7.682}, {'end': 394.556, 'text': 'The ones that I know about, which are translated.', 'start': 392.395, 'duration': 2.161}], 'summary': "Discussion on language's emotional depth and musicality, with mention of russian poets and writers.", 'duration': 28.981, 'max_score': 365.575, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww365575.jpg'}, {'end': 523.892, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 498.561, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 508.571, 'text': "It's sad because I wonder how many geniuses we're missing, because so much of the scientific world,", 'start': 498.561, 'duration': 10.01}, {'end': 515.857, 'text': "so much of the technical world is in English and so much of it might be lost because we don't have the common language.", 'start': 508.571, 'duration': 7.286}, {'end': 516.889, 'text': 'completely agree.', 'start': 516.229, 'duration': 0.66}, {'end': 519.63, 'text': "i'm very much in that vein of.", 'start': 516.889, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 523.892, 'text': "there's a lot of genius out there that we miss and it's sort of sort of fortunate when it,", 'start': 519.63, 'duration': 4.262}], 'summary': 'Language barriers may hinder scientific and technical progress, potentially missing out on genius.', 'duration': 25.331, 'max_score': 498.561, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww498561.jpg'}, {'end': 568.318, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 546.425, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 556.291, 'text': 'So, speaking of languages that empower you, so Python was the first language for me that I really enjoyed thinking in, as you said.', 'start': 546.425, 'duration': 9.866}, {'end': 558.192, 'text': 'Sounds like you shared my experience too.', 'start': 556.791, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 564.296, 'text': "So when did you first, do you remember when you first kind of connected with Python, maybe even fell in love with Python? It's a good question.", 'start': 558.512, 'duration': 5.784}, {'end': 565.396, 'text': 'It was a process.', 'start': 564.576, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 566.197, 'text': 'It took about a year.', 'start': 565.457, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 568.318, 'text': 'I first encountered Python in 1997.', 'start': 566.557, 'duration': 1.761}], 'summary': 'Python empowered speaker, took a year to connect, encountered it in 1997.', 'duration': 21.893, 'max_score': 546.425, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww546425.jpg'}, {'end': 1006.969, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 976.737, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 979.96, 'text': 'It means you have to be an expert in Perl to understand it.', 'start': 976.737, 'duration': 3.223}, {'end': 982.983, 'text': 'Whereas Python allowed you not to have to be an expert.', 'start': 980.401, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 984.725, 'text': "You didn't have to take all this brain energy.", 'start': 983.003, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 985.646, 'text': 'You could leverage what I say.', 'start': 984.765, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 989.651, 'text': "You could leverage your English language center, which you're using all the time.", 'start': 985.666, 'duration': 3.985}, {'end': 993.635, 'text': "I've wondered about other languages, particularly non-Latin-based languages.", 'start': 990.031, 'duration': 3.604}, {'end': 996.838, 'text': 'Latin-based languages with the characters are at least similar.', 'start': 994.816, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 1006.969, 'text': "I think people have an easier time, but I don't know what it's like to be a Japanese or a Chinese person trying to learn a different syntax.", 'start': 996.858, 'duration': 10.111}], 'summary': 'Python enables leveraging english language, reducing brain energy compared to perl.', 'duration': 30.232, 'max_score': 976.737, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww976737.jpg'}, {'end': 1412.632, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1385.569, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1391.113, 'text': "You created SciPy over two decades ago now? Yes, I'd love to talk about SciPy.", 'start': 1385.569, 'duration': 5.544}, {'end': 1392.174, 'text': 'SciPy was really my baby.', 'start': 1391.133, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 1397.979, 'text': 'What is it? What was its goal? What is its goal? How does it work? Yeah, fantastic.', 'start': 1393.015, 'duration': 4.964}, {'end': 1404.605, 'text': 'So SciPy was effectively, here I am using Python to do stuff that I previously used MATLAB to use.', 'start': 1398.059, 'duration': 6.546}, {'end': 1407.787, 'text': 'And I was using numeric, which is an array library that made a lot of it possible.', 'start': 1405.125, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 1409.729, 'text': "But there's things that were missing.", 'start': 1408.348, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 1412.632, 'text': "Like I didn't have an ordinary differential equation solver I could just call.", 'start': 1409.949, 'duration': 2.683}], 'summary': 'Scipy, created over two decades ago, replaced matlab for numerical computing in python.', 'duration': 27.063, 'max_score': 1385.569, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww1385569.jpg'}], 'start': 71.587, 'title': "Speaker's journey with programming and python", 'summary': "Covers the speaker's early fascination with programming, the impact of language on thought processes, and the pivotal role of python in biomedical engineering and scientific computing, over two decades.", 'chapters': [{'end': 295.701, 'start': 71.587, 'title': 'First computer program and love for programming', 'summary': "Discusses the speaker's first computer program in fourth grade, learning programming principles, falling in love with programming at age 10, and the influence of math on programming, culminating in a realization of the computer as a problem-solving tool.", 'duration': 224.114, 'highlights': ["The speaker's first computer program was written in fourth grade using a simple loop and basic on an Atari 400 or 800, as part of a class, using go-to statements. The speaker recalls writing their first computer program in fourth grade, which was a simple loop and basic on an Atari 400 or 800, and they used go-to statements in the program.", 'Realization of programming principles and aversion to go-to statements came in high school during an AP computer science course in Pascal. The speaker realized the principles of programming and the drawbacks of go-to statements during an AP computer science course in Pascal in high school, which influenced their approach to coding.', "The speaker fell in love with programming at the age of 10, when they had access to a Timex Sinclair and later a TI-99-4A, which allowed them to write instructions and program in BASIC, ultimately leading to a fondness for problem-solving in computing. The speaker's love for programming began at age 10 when they had access to a Timex Sinclair and later a TI-99-4A, which enabled them to write instructions and program in BASIC, fostering a passion for problem-solving through computing.", "The influence of math and problem-solving on programming stemmed from the speaker's early affinity for math and the perception of computing as problem-solving applied, leading to a deepening interest in programming. The speaker's early interest in math and problem-solving contributed to their affinity for programming, as computing was seen as a platform for problem-solving applied, further enhancing their passion for programming."]}, {'end': 545.32, 'start': 296.121, 'title': 'Impact of language on thinking', 'summary': 'Discusses the influence of language on thought processes and the limitations of not understanding multiple languages, emphasizing the potential loss of knowledge and genius due to language barriers.', 'duration': 249.199, 'highlights': ['The influence of language on thought processes is discussed, with examples of how different languages lead to specific thought trajectories. The chapter highlights the impact of language on shaping thought processes and provides examples of how different languages lead to specific thought trajectories.', 'The potential loss of knowledge and genius due to language barriers is emphasized, especially in scientific and technical fields. The chapter emphasizes the potential loss of knowledge and genius due to language barriers, particularly in scientific and technical fields, leading to missed opportunities for understanding and processing valuable information.', 'The chapter touches on the influence of language on emotions, culture, and literature, showcasing its impact on storytelling and poetry. The chapter examines the influence of language on emotions, culture, and literature, emphasizing its impact on storytelling and poetry, including the challenges of translating nuanced expressions and capturing the essence of the original text.']}, {'end': 824.417, 'start': 546.425, 'title': "Python's influence in biomedical engineering", 'summary': "Discusses the speaker's journey with python, including the pivotal moment of encountering python in 1997 during graduate studies in biomedical engineering, the significance of python's array and numeric capabilities, and the impact of shared abstractions in programming.", 'duration': 277.992, 'highlights': ['Encountering Python in 1997 during graduate studies in biomedical engineering The speaker first encountered Python in 1997 during graduate studies in biomedical engineering at the Mayo Clinic, which became a pivotal moment in their programming journey.', "Significance of Python's array and numeric capabilities Python's array and numeric capabilities, particularly the presence of a library called Numeric, played a crucial role in the speaker's decision to use Python for data processing, providing essential mathematical tools and complex numbers.", 'Impact of shared abstractions in programming The discussion delves into the power and limitations of shared abstractions in programming, emphasizing the significance of collective programming and the philosophical implications of building around shared abstractions in the programming world.']}, {'end': 1463.47, 'start': 824.417, 'title': "Python: a scientist's language of choice", 'summary': "Discusses the speaker's journey with python, highlighting its accessibility, readability, and practical features, leading to the creation of scipy, a library that filled critical gaps in scientific computing, over two decades ago.", 'duration': 639.053, 'highlights': ["The speaker's realization of Python's readability and accessibility compared to other languages sparked their interest, leading to a fondness for Python and its practical features. Realization of Python's readability and accessibility, fondness for Python, practical features", "Python's use of space indentation and minimal use of extra characters made it more readable and accessible compared to languages like Perl, which tended to prioritize compactness over readability. Python's use of space indentation, minimal use of extra characters, comparison to Perl's compactness", 'The creation of SciPy, over two decades ago, aimed to fill critical gaps in scientific computing by providing tools for ordinary differential equations, integration, optimization, and other essential functions that were missing in existing libraries. Creation of SciPy, filling critical gaps in scientific computing, providing tools for differential equations, integration, optimization']}], 'duration': 1391.883, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww71587.jpg', 'highlights': ['The creation of SciPy, over two decades ago, aimed to fill critical gaps in scientific computing by providing tools for ordinary differential equations, integration, optimization, and other essential functions that were missing in existing libraries.', 'The speaker first encountered Python in 1997 during graduate studies in biomedical engineering at the Mayo Clinic, which became a pivotal moment in their programming journey.', "The speaker's realization of Python's readability and accessibility compared to other languages sparked their interest, leading to a fondness for Python and its practical features.", "Python's use of space indentation and minimal use of extra characters made it more readable and accessible compared to languages like Perl, which tended to prioritize compactness over readability.", 'The influence of language on thought processes is discussed, with examples of how different languages lead to specific thought trajectories.', 'The potential loss of knowledge and genius due to language barriers is emphasized, especially in scientific and technical fields.', 'The chapter touches on the influence of language on emotions, culture, and literature, showcasing its impact on storytelling and poetry.', "The influence of math and problem-solving on programming stemmed from the speaker's early affinity for math and the perception of computing as problem-solving applied, leading to a deepening interest in programming."]}, {'end': 2060.498, 'segs': [{'end': 1501.653, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1463.49, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1465.271, 'text': "You're trying to figure out what to do.", 'start': 1463.49, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 1468.913, 'text': "And so I thought, well, I'm writing tools for my own use in a PhD.", 'start': 1465.792, 'duration': 3.121}, {'end': 1472.115, 'text': "I'll just start this project.", 'start': 1470.234, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 1476.318, 'text': 'And so in 99, 98 was when I first started to write libraries for Python.', 'start': 1472.155, 'duration': 4.163}, {'end': 1479.7, 'text': "Finally, when I fell in love with Python 98, I thought, oh, well, there's just a few things missing.", 'start': 1476.638, 'duration': 3.062}, {'end': 1482.442, 'text': 'Like, oh, I need a reader to read DICOM files.', 'start': 1479.74, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 1486.585, 'text': 'I was in medical imaging, and DICOM was a format that I want to be able to load that into Python.', 'start': 1482.722, 'duration': 3.863}, {'end': 1488.166, 'text': 'OK, how do I write a reader for that?', 'start': 1487.025, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 1491.508, 'text': 'So I wrote something called it was an IO package, right?', 'start': 1488.206, 'duration': 3.302}, {'end': 1495.21, 'text': 'And that was my very first extension module, which is C.', 'start': 1491.848, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 1499.133, 'text': 'So I wrote C code to extend Python so that in Python, I could write things more easily.', 'start': 1495.21, 'duration': 3.923}, {'end': 1501.653, 'text': 'That combination kind of hooked me.', 'start': 1499.733, 'duration': 1.92}], 'summary': 'In 1998, the speaker started writing python libraries for medical imaging, including a reader for dicom files, which led to the creation of an io package and the development of c code to extend python.', 'duration': 38.163, 'max_score': 1463.49, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww1463490.jpg'}, {'end': 1629.144, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1595.795, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1598.757, 'text': 'And then Fortran kind of got a little off course when they tried to compete with C++.', 'start': 1595.795, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 1603.561, 'text': "but at the time I just want libraries that do something like oh, here's an order-inference equation.", 'start': 1598.757, 'duration': 4.804}, {'end': 1604.903, 'text': "Here's integration.", 'start': 1604.062, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 1605.983, 'text': "Here's run-cut-it integration.", 'start': 1604.943, 'duration': 1.04}, {'end': 1608.721, 'text': "already done, I don't have to think about that algorithm.", 'start': 1606.86, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 1611.563, 'text': "I mean, you could, but it's nice to have somebody who's already done one and tested it.", 'start': 1608.741, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 1615.986, 'text': 'And so I sort of started this journey in 98, really, if you look back at the manual list,', 'start': 1612.003, 'duration': 3.983}, {'end': 1629.144, 'text': "there's sort of this productive era of me writing an extension module to connect RungeCut integration to Python and making an ordinary additional equation solver and then releasing that as a package.", 'start': 1615.986, 'duration': 13.158}], 'summary': "Fortran lost track competing with c++, started journey in '98, created package for equation solving.", 'duration': 33.349, 'max_score': 1595.795, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww1595795.jpg'}, {'end': 1779.051, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1754.631, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1761.897, 'text': 'a scientist with dreams of doing MRI research ended up starting a software company that installs software.', 'start': 1754.631, 'duration': 7.266}, {'end': 1769.243, 'text': "I work with a few folks now that don't program on the creative side, the video side, the audio side.", 'start': 1762.297, 'duration': 6.946}, {'end': 1774.127, 'text': 'And because my whole life is running on scripts, I have to try to get them to..', 'start': 1769.743, 'duration': 4.384}, {'end': 1779.051, 'text': 'I have now the task of teaching them how to do Python enough to run the scripts.', 'start': 1774.127, 'duration': 4.924}], 'summary': 'Scientist turned entrepreneur teaches non-programmers python to run scripts.', 'duration': 24.42, 'max_score': 1754.631, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww1754631.jpg'}, {'end': 2000.166, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1979.758, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1989.445, 'text': "And that's when a high school student I know he was a high school student at the time a guy named Robert Kern took that package and made a Windows installer right?", 'start': 1979.758, 'duration': 9.687}, {'end': 1992.167, 'text': 'And then, of course, a massive increase of usage.', 'start': 1989.785, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 1997.345, 'text': 'So by the way, most of this development was under Linux, right? Yes, yes, it was on Linux.', 'start': 1992.727, 'duration': 4.618}, {'end': 2000.166, 'text': 'I was a Linux developer doing it on a Unix box.', 'start': 1997.425, 'duration': 2.741}], 'summary': 'Robert kern created a windows installer, leading to a significant increase in usage. development was primarily under linux.', 'duration': 20.408, 'max_score': 1979.758, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww1979758.jpg'}], 'start': 1463.49, 'title': "Python's role in medical imaging", 'summary': 'Delves into the development of python libraries for medical imaging, including the creation of a dicom file reader through an io package using c code. it also explores the journey of extending python, from memory management challenges to community engagement, with a notable impact on software usage.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1501.653, 'start': 1463.49, 'title': 'Python libraries and medical imaging', 'summary': 'Discusses the development of python libraries, initiated in 1998, for medical imaging, particularly focusing on the creation of a reader for dicom files through an io package using c code.', 'duration': 38.163, 'highlights': ['The author began writing libraries for Python in 1998, with a focus on medical imaging.', 'The author developed a reader for DICOM files using C code, marking the creation of the first extension module.', 'The project was initiated in 1998, and the author was primarily focused on addressing the need for a reader to load DICOM files into Python.']}, {'end': 2060.498, 'start': 1502.314, 'title': 'Python extension and community engagement', 'summary': 'Discusses the journey of extending python, starting from the challenges of memory management in c and the integration of fortran libraries, to the establishment of a software company focused on installing software and the impact of community engagement on development, culminating in the creation of a high school student-made windows installer for the multipack, which resulted in a significant increase in usage.', 'duration': 558.184, 'highlights': ['The challenges of memory management in C and the integration of Fortran libraries The speaker discusses the difficulties of extending Python, particularly the challenges of memory management in C and the integration of Fortran libraries, highlighting the complexity and effort required in the process.', 'Establishment of a software company focused on installing software The speaker reflects on the transition from a scientist with dreams of MRI research to starting a software company focused on installing software, emphasizing the importance of making the installation process frictionless and its impact on community engagement.', 'Impact of community engagement on development, culminating in the creation of a high school student-made Windows installer for the Multipack The chapter details the impact of community engagement on the development process, ultimately leading to a high school student creating a Windows installer for the Multipack, resulting in a significant increase in usage, highlighting the power of community collaboration.']}], 'duration': 597.008, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww1463490.jpg', 'highlights': ['The author began writing libraries for Python in 1998, with a focus on medical imaging.', 'The challenges of memory management in C and the integration of Fortran libraries.', 'The project was initiated in 1998, and the author was primarily focused on addressing the need for a reader to load DICOM files into Python.', 'The author developed a reader for DICOM files using C code, marking the creation of the first extension module.', 'Establishment of a software company focused on installing software.', 'Impact of community engagement on development, culminating in the creation of a high school student-made Windows installer for the Multipack.']}, {'end': 3189.939, 'segs': [{'end': 2243.522, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2215.387, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2217.868, 'text': 'It struggled to get almost too many voices.', 'start': 2215.387, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 2219.109, 'text': "It's hard to have everybody agree.", 'start': 2217.928, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 2221.77, 'text': "Consensus doesn't really work at that scale.", 'start': 2219.289, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 2228.433, 'text': "You end up with politics, with the same kind of things that's happened in large organizations trying to decide on what to do together.", 'start': 2222.13, 'duration': 6.303}, {'end': 2233.116, 'text': 'So consensus building was challenging at scale as more people came in.', 'start': 2229.494, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 2235.317, 'text': "Early on, it's fine because there's nobody there.", 'start': 2233.936, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 2236.258, 'text': 'And so it works.', 'start': 2235.637, 'duration': 0.621}, {'end': 2242.321, 'text': "But then as you get more successful and more people use it, all of a sudden, oh, there's this scale at which this doesn't work anymore.", 'start': 2236.298, 'duration': 6.023}, {'end': 2243.522, 'text': 'And we have to come up with different approaches.', 'start': 2242.341, 'duration': 1.181}], 'summary': 'Consensus building was challenging at scale as more people joined, requiring different approaches.', 'duration': 28.135, 'max_score': 2215.387, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww2215387.jpg'}, {'end': 2376.79, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2349.988, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2354.772, 'text': 'And it was separate library, separate install, used numeric, SciPy used numeric.', 'start': 2349.988, 'duration': 4.784}, {'end': 2357.054, 'text': 'And so SciPy.', 'start': 2355.713, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 2364.961, 'text': 'you know, in 2001 we released SciPy, and then Enthoc created a conference called SciPy, which brought people together to talk about the space.', 'start': 2357.054, 'duration': 7.907}, {'end': 2366.702, 'text': 'And that conference is still ongoing.', 'start': 2365.541, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 2371.967, 'text': "It's one of the favorite conferences of a lot of people because it's know, it's changed over the years, but early on it was, you know,", 'start': 2366.743, 'duration': 5.224}, {'end': 2376.79, 'text': 'a collection of 50 people who care about scientists mostly, you know,', 'start': 2371.967, 'duration': 4.823}], 'summary': 'Scipy was released in 2001, with a conference that still continues, bringing together a community of 50 people who care about scientists.', 'duration': 26.802, 'max_score': 2349.988, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww2349988.jpg'}, {'end': 2452.649, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2423.717, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2427.018, 'text': "It's something I'm in the middle of right now is the business of open source,", 'start': 2423.717, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 2434.542, 'text': 'and how do you connect the ethos of cooperative development with the necessity of creating profits?', 'start': 2427.018, 'duration': 7.524}, {'end': 2438.063, 'text': "right?. And like right now, today I'm still in the middle of that.", 'start': 2434.542, 'duration': 3.521}, {'end': 2441.525, 'text': "That's actually the early days of me exploring this question.", 'start': 2438.103, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 2444.726, 'text': 'because i was writing sci-fi, i mean as an aside.', 'start': 2442.205, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 2446.547, 'text': 'i also had so i had three kids at the time.', 'start': 2444.726, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 2447.207, 'text': 'i have six kids.', 'start': 2446.547, 'duration': 0.66}, {'end': 2449.688, 'text': 'now i got married early, wanted a family.', 'start': 2447.207, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 2452.649, 'text': 'uh, i had three kids and i remember reading.', 'start': 2449.688, 'duration': 2.961}], 'summary': 'Speaker is exploring the business of open source and balancing cooperative development with profits. also mentions having six kids.', 'duration': 28.932, 'max_score': 2423.717, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww2423717.jpg'}, {'end': 2880.597, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2847.926, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2849.567, 'text': 'Can I just ask a quick question??', 'start': 2847.926, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 2854.97, 'text': 'Is there some design principles that were in your mind around SciPy??', 'start': 2850.427, 'duration': 4.543}, {'end': 2858.112, 'text': 'Was there some key ideas that were just sticking to you?', 'start': 2855.39, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 2860.173, 'text': 'that this is the fundamental ideas?', 'start': 2858.112, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 2860.933, 'text': 'Yeah, I would say so.', 'start': 2860.273, 'duration': 0.66}, {'end': 2864.794, 'text': "I would think it's basically accessibility to scientists, like give them,", 'start': 2860.953, 'duration': 3.841}, {'end': 2868.335, 'text': "give scientists and engineers tools that they don't have to think a lot about programming.", 'start': 2864.794, 'duration': 3.541}, {'end': 2874.076, 'text': 'So give them really good building blocks, give them functions that they want to call and sort of just the right length of spelling.', 'start': 2868.375, 'duration': 5.701}, {'end': 2880.597, 'text': "You know, there's a one tradition in programming where it's like, you know, make very, very long names.", 'start': 2874.816, 'duration': 5.781}], 'summary': 'Scipy aimed for accessibility to scientists and engineers, providing them with programming tools and functions that are easy to use and do not require extensive programming knowledge.', 'duration': 32.671, 'max_score': 2847.926, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww2847926.jpg'}, {'end': 2952.452, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2914.891, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2920.093, 'text': 'The first glance at a function gives you the intuition of all it needs to do by looking at the headers and so on.', 'start': 2914.891, 'duration': 5.202}, {'end': 2925.875, 'text': 'But to get the depths of all the complexities involved, all the options involved, documentation does some of the work.', 'start': 2920.553, 'duration': 5.322}, {'end': 2926.836, 'text': 'Documentation is essential.', 'start': 2925.895, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 2929.116, 'text': 'Yeah So that was actually a..', 'start': 2927.036, 'duration': 2.08}, {'end': 2930.477, 'text': 'So we thought about several things.', 'start': 2929.116, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 2931.617, 'text': 'One is we wanted plotting.', 'start': 2930.617, 'duration': 1}, {'end': 2933.518, 'text': 'We wanted interactive environment.', 'start': 2931.978, 'duration': 1.54}, {'end': 2934.819, 'text': 'We wanted good documentation.', 'start': 2933.618, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 2936.639, 'text': 'These are things we knew we wanted.', 'start': 2934.859, 'duration': 1.78}, {'end': 2942.001, 'text': "The reality is those took about 10 years to evolve, right? Given the fact that we didn't have a big budget.", 'start': 2936.659, 'duration': 5.342}, {'end': 2943.082, 'text': 'It was all volunteer labor.', 'start': 2942.021, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 2943.562, 'text': 'It was sort of..', 'start': 2943.122, 'duration': 0.44}, {'end': 2952.452, 'text': 'When Enthought got created and they started to try to find projects, people would pay for pieces, and they were able to fund some of it.', 'start': 2945.848, 'duration': 6.604}], 'summary': 'Documentation is essential; development took 10 years with volunteer labor and limited budget.', 'duration': 37.561, 'max_score': 2914.891, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww2914891.jpg'}], 'start': 2060.498, 'title': 'Challenges in open source business', 'summary': 'Delves into the challenges faced in consensus building and scale in the origin of scipy, collaboration with enthought, and the dilemma of reconciling open source development with profitability while emphasizing design principles and the need for funding over 10 years.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2423.697, 'start': 2060.498, 'title': 'Building scipy and challenges in open source', 'summary': 'Details the origin of scipy, a distribution of python, and its challenges in consensus building and scale, with highlights on the collaboration with enthought, the struggle with consensus building, and the release of scipy and matplotlib in 2001.', 'duration': 363.199, 'highlights': ["Collaboration with Enthought led to the creation of SciPy, a distribution of Python, in 2001. Enthought contacted the speaker, proposing to merge their tools with his, resulting in the birth of SciPy, a significant milestone in the speaker's journey.", 'Struggle with consensus building and scale in open source projects, leading to challenges in decision-making and politics within the community. As SciPy gained popularity, consensus building became challenging, leading to struggles with decision-making and politics within the open source community.', 'Release of SciPy and Matplotlib in 2001, marking a significant milestone in the evolution of scientific computing in Python. The release of SciPy and Matplotlib in 2001 marked a significant advancement in the realm of scientific computing in Python, offering new tools and possibilities for practitioners.']}, {'end': 2846.865, 'start': 2423.717, 'title': 'Open source business dilemma', 'summary': 'Explores the challenge of reconciling the cooperative development ethos of open source with the need to generate profits while raising a family, prompting a study of economics and the necessity of entrepreneurship.', 'duration': 423.148, 'highlights': ['The challenge of reconciling the ethos of cooperative development with the necessity of creating profits while raising a family led to a study of economics and entrepreneurship.', "Encountering von Mises' paper on the economic calculation problem highlighted the importance of private property and the emergence of prices for resource allocation.", 'Realizing the critical importance of economics and entrepreneurship in creating prosperity and the need for basic economic education for everyone.', 'The inertia in decision-making and the delayed impact of decisions on success, challenging the notion of immediate credit assignment.']}, {'end': 3189.939, 'start': 2847.926, 'title': 'Design principles of scipy', 'summary': 'Discusses the design principles behind scipy, emphasizing the focus on accessibility for scientists and engineers, the importance of good documentation, and the challenges faced in its evolution over 10 years, including the need for funding and the didactic aspect of teaching in the context of scipy.', 'duration': 342.013, 'highlights': ['The focus on accessibility for scientists and engineers, providing them with tools that do not require extensive programming knowledge. The fundamental idea behind SciPy was to provide scientists and engineers with accessible tools that do not require extensive programming knowledge, offering good building blocks and functions with informative yet short names.', 'The importance of good documentation in great scientific libraries and functions, providing richness of documentation to aid in understanding the complexities and options involved. Good documentation in scientific libraries and functions is essential, providing richness of documentation to aid in understanding the complexities and options involved, offering intuition through function headers and depth through detailed documentation.', 'The challenges faced in the evolution of SciPy over 10 years, including the lack of sufficient funding despite efforts from Enthought and the need to balance teaching while contributing to the project. The evolution of SciPy over 10 years faced challenges such as insufficient funding despite efforts from Enthought, the need to balance teaching while contributing to the project, and the didactic aspect of teaching in the context of SciPy.']}], 'duration': 1129.441, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww2060498.jpg', 'highlights': ['Release of SciPy and Matplotlib in 2001, marking a significant milestone in the evolution of scientific computing in Python.', 'Collaboration with Enthought led to the creation of SciPy, a distribution of Python, in 2001.', 'Struggle with consensus building and scale in open source projects, leading to challenges in decision-making and politics within the community.', 'The challenge of reconciling the ethos of cooperative development with the necessity of creating profits while raising a family led to a study of economics and entrepreneurship.', 'The focus on accessibility for scientists and engineers, providing them with tools that do not require extensive programming knowledge.', 'The importance of good documentation in great scientific libraries and functions, providing richness of documentation to aid in understanding the complexities and options involved.', 'The challenges faced in the evolution of SciPy over 10 years, including the lack of sufficient funding despite efforts from Enthought and the need to balance teaching while contributing to the project.']}, {'end': 3912.099, 'segs': [{'end': 3212.307, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3190.259, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3199.422, 'text': 'So when it came out that it worked only on Numeray, and SciPy needed Numeric, and so we effectively had the beginning of this split.', 'start': 3190.259, 'duration': 9.163}, {'end': 3201.963, 'text': "And Numeric and Numeray didn't share data.", 'start': 3200.082, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 3203.103, 'text': 'They were just two.', 'start': 3202.523, 'duration': 0.58}, {'end': 3207.125, 'text': "So you could have a gigabyte of Numeray data and a gigabyte of Numeric data, and they wouldn't share it.", 'start': 3203.403, 'duration': 3.722}, {'end': 3210.426, 'text': 'And so you had these scientific libraries written on top.', 'start': 3207.585, 'duration': 2.841}, {'end': 3212.307, 'text': 'I got really bugged by that.', 'start': 3211.306, 'duration': 1.001}], 'summary': 'Incompatibility between numeray and numeric led to split in scientific libraries.', 'duration': 22.048, 'max_score': 3190.259, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww3190259.jpg'}, {'end': 3354.684, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3317.035, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3321.878, 'text': 'add the features Numeray was adding and then kind of come up with a single array library that everybody can use.', 'start': 3317.035, 'duration': 4.843}, {'end': 3327.803, 'text': "So that's where NumPy came from was my thinking hey, I can do this, and who else is going to?", 'start': 3322.478, 'duration': 5.325}, {'end': 3331.187, 'text': "Because at that point I'd been around the community long enough and I'd written enough C code.", 'start': 3327.823, 'duration': 3.364}, {'end': 3332.588, 'text': 'I knew the structures.', 'start': 3331.187, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 3341.997, 'text': 'In fact, my first contribution to numeric had been writing the CAPI documentation that went in the first documentation for NumPy, for numeric, sorry.', 'start': 3333.309, 'duration': 8.688}, {'end': 3344.459, 'text': 'This is Paul Dubois, David Asher, Conrad Hinson, and myself.', 'start': 3342.097, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 3350.723, 'text': 'I got credit because I wrote this chapter, which is all the C API of numeric, all the C stuff.', 'start': 3345.16, 'duration': 5.563}, {'end': 3353.344, 'text': "So I said, I'm probably the one to do it.", 'start': 3351.263, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 3354.684, 'text': 'Nobody else is going to do this.', 'start': 3353.824, 'duration': 0.86}], 'summary': 'Paul dubois and team developed numpy to create a universal array library from the features they added, utilizing their c knowledge and expertise.', 'duration': 37.649, 'max_score': 3317.035, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww3317035.jpg'}, {'end': 3626.346, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3598.565, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3603.568, 'text': 'And then the fact that I added not just broadcasting but advanced indexing,', 'start': 3598.565, 'duration': 5.003}, {'end': 3609.471, 'text': 'so that you could do masked indexing and indirect indexing instead of just slicing.', 'start': 3603.568, 'duration': 5.903}, {'end': 3626.346, 'text': "So, for people who don't know and maybe you can elaborate NumPy i guess the vision in the narrowest sense is to have this object that represents n-dimensional arrays and like at any level of abstraction you want.", 'start': 3610.011, 'duration': 16.335}], 'summary': 'Numpy aims to represent n-dimensional arrays with advanced indexing capabilities for enhanced abstraction.', 'duration': 27.781, 'max_score': 3598.565, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww3598565.jpg'}, {'end': 3685.039, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3659.824, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3668.029, 'text': 'That turned out to be problematic because Numeric already had a little mini library of linear algebra and some functions and it had enough momentum,', 'start': 3659.824, 'duration': 8.205}, {'end': 3670.33, 'text': 'enough users that nobody wanted to.', 'start': 3668.029, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 3671.771, 'text': 'they wanted backward compatibility.', 'start': 3670.33, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 3679.055, 'text': 'One of the big challenges of NumPy was I had to be backward compatible with both Numeric and Numeray in order to allow both of those communities to come together.', 'start': 3672.111, 'duration': 6.944}, {'end': 3685.039, 'text': "There was a ton of work in creating that backward compatibility that also created echoes in today's object.", 'start': 3679.336, 'duration': 5.703}], 'summary': "Numpy had to be backward compatible with numeric and numeray, creating echoes in today's object.", 'duration': 25.215, 'max_score': 3659.824, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww3659824.jpg'}, {'end': 3887.58, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3857.581, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3862.745, 'text': "so let's, like i think doing, and this is what had no impact on the result, like, let's, let's promote this.", 'start': 3857.581, 'duration': 5.164}, {'end': 3866.547, 'text': 'just like you said, i want to promote the attributes that let that help make us better off.', 'start': 3862.745, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 3868.148, 'text': 'how do we make more of west?', 'start': 3866.547, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 3874.392, 'text': 'west mckinney, like west mckinney, was critical to the success of python because of his creation of pandas, which is.', 'start': 3868.148, 'duration': 6.244}, {'end': 3882.318, 'text': 'the roots of that were all the way back in uh, numeric and num array and numpy, where numpy created an array of records.', 'start': 3874.392, 'duration': 7.926}, {'end': 3887.58, 'text': "Wes started to use that almost like a data frame, except it's an array of records.", 'start': 3883.218, 'duration': 4.362}], 'summary': 'Promote attributes to make us better off, west mckinney was critical to the success of python due to his creation of pandas.', 'duration': 29.999, 'max_score': 3857.581, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww3857581.jpg'}], 'start': 3190.259, 'title': "Numpy's creation and impact", 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges, motivations, and impact of creating numpy, including the pivotal role in merging numeric and numeray, the community rallying, and the contributions that led to the success of python through the creation of pandas.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3354.684, 'start': 3190.259, 'title': 'The birth of numpy', 'summary': "Discusses the early challenges and motivations behind the creation of numpy, highlighting the issues with the split between numeric and numeray and the author's pivotal role in merging the two libraries to form numpy.", 'duration': 164.425, 'highlights': ["The split between Numeric and Numeray led to the author's frustration as the two libraries didn't share data, motivating him to create NumPy. The split between Numeric and Numeray led to the author's frustration as the two libraries didn't share data, motivating him to create NumPy.", 'The author decided to merge Numeric and Numeray to create NumPy, leveraging his experience and knowledge within the community. The author decided to merge Numeric and Numeray to create NumPy, leveraging his experience and knowledge within the community.', "The author's pivotal role in creating NumPy was influenced by his previous contributions to numeric, including writing the CAPI documentation. The author's pivotal role in creating NumPy was influenced by his previous contributions to numeric, including writing the CAPI documentation."]}, {'end': 3912.099, 'start': 3354.784, 'title': 'Creating numpy and building community', 'summary': 'Details the challenges and impact of creating numpy, including the initial resistance, the importance of early community rallying, the technical contributions made, and the selfless, community-focused approach that led to the success of python through the creation of pandas.', 'duration': 557.315, 'highlights': ['The resistance faced in creating NumPy and the impact of early community rallying The speaker faced initial resistance and skepticism in creating NumPy, with people expressing doubts about the feasibility of the project, highlighting the importance of early community rallying in the face of such challenges.', "Technical contributions and challenges in creating NumPy The speaker's technical contributions in creating NumPy included the creation of a new type object called D type and the addition of advanced indexing, and they faced challenges in ensuring backward compatibility with existing communities.", "Selfless, community-focused approach and impact on Python's success The selfless, community-focused approach led to the success of Python, as seen in the creation of Pandas by Wes McKinney, who built upon the foundations laid by NumPy and addressed challenges in data processing, reflecting the culture of selfless giving and stewardship within the community."]}], 'duration': 721.84, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww3190259.jpg', 'highlights': ["The split between Numeric and Numeray led to the author's frustration, motivating him to create NumPy.", 'The author decided to merge Numeric and Numeray to create NumPy, leveraging his experience and knowledge within the community.', "The author's pivotal role in creating NumPy was influenced by his previous contributions to numeric, including writing the CAPI documentation.", 'The resistance faced in creating NumPy and the impact of early community rallying.', 'Technical contributions and challenges in creating NumPy, including the creation of a new type object called D type and the addition of advanced indexing.', "Selfless, community-focused approach and impact on Python's success, as seen in the creation of Pandas by Wes McKinney, reflecting the culture of selfless giving and stewardship within the community."]}, {'end': 5584.66, 'segs': [{'end': 3939.033, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3912.659, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3917.063, 'text': 'What I noticed is just that each of these little things creates just another tick, another up.', 'start': 3912.659, 'duration': 4.404}, {'end': 3922.108, 'text': 'So NumPy ultimately took a little while, about six months in, people started joining me.', 'start': 3917.424, 'duration': 4.684}, {'end': 3926.69, 'text': 'You know, Francesc, Alt-Head, Robert Kern, Charles Harris.', 'start': 3922.128, 'duration': 4.562}, {'end': 3930.251, 'text': 'And these people are many of the unsung heroes, I would say.', 'start': 3927.55, 'duration': 2.701}, {'end': 3936.252, 'text': "People who are, you know, they sometimes don't get the credit they deserve because they were critical both to support.", 'start': 3930.331, 'duration': 5.921}, {'end': 3939.033, 'text': "Like, you know, it's hard and you need some support.", 'start': 3936.592, 'duration': 2.441}], 'summary': 'Numpy took about six months to gain momentum, with key contributors including francesc, alt-head, robert kern, and charles harris.', 'duration': 26.374, 'max_score': 3912.659, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww3912659.jpg'}, {'end': 3975.027, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3948.354, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3952.736, 'text': 'He had previously done kind of a simple thing called numerics to kind of, you know, between numeric and numeraire.', 'start': 3948.354, 'duration': 4.382}, {'end': 3957.439, 'text': 'He had a little high-level tool that would just select each one for matplotlib.', 'start': 3953.077, 'duration': 4.362}, {'end': 3962.462, 'text': "In 2006, he finally said, we're going to just make NumPy the dependency of matplotlib.", 'start': 3957.959, 'duration': 4.503}, {'end': 3967.903, 'text': "as soon as he did that and i remember specifically when he did that i said this okay, now we've done it,", 'start': 3963.241, 'duration': 4.662}, {'end': 3975.027, 'text': 'like that was when i knew we had to see success, and before then it was still, you know, doing, sure, but that kind of started a roller coaster.', 'start': 3967.903, 'duration': 7.124}], 'summary': 'Numpy became the dependency of matplotlib in 2006, paving the way for success.', 'duration': 26.673, 'max_score': 3948.354, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww3948354.jpg'}, {'end': 4026.64, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3988.653, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3991.735, 'text': 'but just people started to think in terms of NumPy.', 'start': 3988.653, 'duration': 3.082}, {'end': 3996.198, 'text': 'Yes And that opened up a whole new way of thinking.', 'start': 3991.895, 'duration': 4.303}, {'end': 4010.709, 'text': 'And part of the story that you kind of mentioned but maybe you can elaborate is it seems like at some point in the story Python took over science and data science.', 'start': 3996.539, 'duration': 14.17}, {'end': 4013.692, 'text': 'Yes, And bigger than that,', 'start': 4010.809, 'duration': 2.883}, {'end': 4026.64, 'text': "the scientific community started to think like programmers or started to utilize the tools of computers to do like at a scale that wasn't done with Fortran.", 'start': 4014.952, 'duration': 11.688}], 'summary': 'Python revolutionized science and data science, leading the scientific community to think like programmers and utilize computer tools at a larger scale than fortran.', 'duration': 37.987, 'max_score': 3988.653, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww3988653.jpg'}, {'end': 4150.048, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4119.532, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4125.636, 'text': 'I said, hey, could I join you and start this trend? At that time, they were using sci-fi a lot.', 'start': 4119.532, 'duration': 6.104}, {'end': 4127.258, 'text': 'They were trying to get clients.', 'start': 4125.877, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 4128.84, 'text': 'I came down to Texas.', 'start': 4127.299, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 4133.243, 'text': "In Texas, it's my entrepreneur world.", 'start': 4129.279, 'duration': 3.964}, {'end': 4137.447, 'text': 'I left academia and went to entrepreneur world in 2007.', 'start': 4133.464, 'duration': 3.983}, {'end': 4143.352, 'text': 'I moved here in 2007, took a leap, knew nothing really about business, knew nothing about a lot of stuff there.', 'start': 4137.447, 'duration': 5.905}, {'end': 4150.048, 'text': "For a long time, I've kept some connections to a lot of academics because I still value it.", 'start': 4145.724, 'duration': 4.324}], 'summary': 'In 2007, i transitioned from academia to entrepreneurship in texas, despite having limited knowledge about business.', 'duration': 30.516, 'max_score': 4119.532, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww4119532.jpg'}, {'end': 4240.46, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4215.527, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 4222.211, 'text': "And it's the same thing as exactly as you said, it has the same kind of elements like the open source community does.", 'start': 4215.527, 'duration': 6.684}, {'end': 4232.216, 'text': "And but then, if you like, the reason I stepped away, the reason I'm here, just like you did in Austin, is like if I want to build one robot,", 'start': 4223.411, 'duration': 8.805}, {'end': 4233.196, 'text': "I'll stay at MIT.", 'start': 4232.216, 'duration': 0.98}, {'end': 4240.46, 'text': "But if I want to build millions, and make money enough to where I can explore the magic of that, then you can't.", 'start': 4233.276, 'duration': 7.184}], 'summary': 'Open source community elements. mit for one robot, not millions for profit.', 'duration': 24.933, 'max_score': 4215.527, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww4215527.jpg'}, {'end': 4343.006, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4315.232, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4317.832, 'text': "I've got a graduate student I'm paying for and I've got no funding for him.", 'start': 4315.232, 'duration': 2.6}, {'end': 4322.114, 'text': 'And I had done some fundraising from the public to try to get public fundraisers for my lab.', 'start': 4317.892, 'duration': 4.222}, {'end': 4326.416, 'text': "I didn't really want to go out and just do the fundraising circuit the way it's traditionally done.", 'start': 4322.834, 'duration': 3.582}, {'end': 4330.839, 'text': "So I wrote a book and I said, I'm going to write a book and I'm going to charge for it.", 'start': 4326.997, 'duration': 3.842}, {'end': 4332.6, 'text': 'It was called Guide to NumPy.', 'start': 4331.439, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 4338.424, 'text': 'And so ultimately NumPy became documentation driven development, because I basically wrote the book and made sure the stuff worked.', 'start': 4332.74, 'duration': 5.684}, {'end': 4339.184, 'text': 'so the book would work.', 'start': 4338.424, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 4343.006, 'text': 'So it really helped actually make NumPy become a thing.', 'start': 4339.824, 'duration': 3.182}], 'summary': "Raised funds for lab by writing book 'guide to numpy', leading to numpy's success.", 'duration': 27.774, 'max_score': 4315.232, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww4315232.jpg'}, {'end': 4651.93, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4615.077, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4617.339, 'text': 'And I hold him in esteem.', 'start': 4615.077, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 4618.1, 'text': "I'm grateful for him.", 'start': 4617.359, 'duration': 0.741}, {'end': 4620.262, 'text': "I think he's, they're doing, you know, Enthought still exists.", 'start': 4618.14, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 4622.504, 'text': "They're doing great work helping scientists.", 'start': 4620.282, 'duration': 2.222}, {'end': 4623.965, 'text': 'They still run the SciPy conference.', 'start': 4622.524, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 4625.486, 'text': "They're in the.", 'start': 4625.046, 'duration': 0.44}, {'end': 4626.547, 'text': 'they have an R&D platform.', 'start': 4625.486, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 4627.348, 'text': "they're selling now.", 'start': 4626.547, 'duration': 0.801}, {'end': 4630.05, 'text': "that's a tool that you can go get today right?", 'start': 4627.348, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 4632.152, 'text': "So they've been.", 'start': 4630.13, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 4637.996, 'text': 'Enthought has played a role in the SciPy, in supporting the community around SciPy, I would say.', 'start': 4632.152, 'duration': 5.844}, {'end': 4643.559, 'text': 'They ended up not being able to, they ended up building a tool suite to write GUI applications.', 'start': 4638.277, 'duration': 5.282}, {'end': 4646.423, 'text': "Like that's where they could actually make that the business could work.", 'start': 4644.08, 'duration': 2.343}, {'end': 4650.468, 'text': "And so the supporting SciPy and NumPy itself wasn't as possible.", 'start': 4646.743, 'duration': 3.725}, {'end': 4651.93, 'text': "Like they didn't, they tried.", 'start': 4650.488, 'duration': 1.442}], 'summary': 'Enthought supports scipy, runs scipy conference, and sells r&d platform.', 'duration': 36.853, 'max_score': 4615.077, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww4615077.jpg'}, {'end': 4838.627, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4810.914, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 4815.576, 'text': 'So it was able to have your user classes be actual types, and the Python type system got a lot more rich.', 'start': 4810.914, 'duration': 4.662}, {'end': 4819.118, 'text': 'I barely understood that at the time that NumPy was written.', 'start': 4816.517, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 4823.561, 'text': 'And so I essentially, in NumPy, created a type system that was Python 1 era.', 'start': 4819.158, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 4834.026, 'text': 'It was every D type is an instance of the same type, as opposed to having new D types be really just Python types with additional metadata.', 'start': 4824.481, 'duration': 9.545}, {'end': 4838.627, 'text': "What's the cost of that? Is it efficiency? Is it usability? It's usability, primarily.", 'start': 4834.286, 'duration': 4.341}], 'summary': 'Numpy improved python type system for usability.', 'duration': 27.713, 'max_score': 4810.914, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww4810914.jpg'}, {'end': 4991.938, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4961.701, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 4963.663, 'text': 'or the aliens will come with a new kind of computer.', 'start': 4961.701, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 4965.224, 'text': 'Like an abstraction,', 'start': 4963.983, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 4974.052, 'text': 'that NumPy should just operate nicely over the things that are more and more and smarter and smarter with this multidimensional arrays.', 'start': 4965.224, 'duration': 8.828}, {'end': 4975.393, 'text': 'Yeah, yeah.', 'start': 4974.272, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 4976.554, 'text': "There's several comments there.", 'start': 4975.553, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 4980.335, 'text': 'We are working on something now called data-APIs.org.', 'start': 4976.994, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 4982.195, 'text': 'Data-API.org You can go there today.', 'start': 4980.435, 'duration': 1.76}, {'end': 4984.476, 'text': "And it's our answer.", 'start': 4982.215, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 4985.216, 'text': "It's my answer.", 'start': 4984.536, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 4985.936, 'text': "It's not just me.", 'start': 4985.336, 'duration': 0.6}, {'end': 4991.938, 'text': "It's me and Rolf and Athen and Aaron and a lot of companies are helping us at Quonsight Labs.", 'start': 4985.976, 'duration': 5.962}], 'summary': 'Working on data-api.org for multidimensional arrays, involving team and companies at quansight labs.', 'duration': 30.237, 'max_score': 4961.701, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww4961701.jpg'}, {'end': 5207.822, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5178.861, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 5181.523, 'text': "Like it's harder to become a contributor to TensorFlow itself.", 'start': 5178.861, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 5187.126, 'text': "And it's also this is very difficult question to answer, and don't mean to be throwing shade at anybody,", 'start': 5181.623, 'duration': 5.503}, {'end': 5194.011, 'text': "but you have to wonder it's the Microsoft question of when you have a tool like PyTorch or TensorFlow,", 'start': 5187.126, 'duration': 6.885}, {'end': 5198.955, 'text': 'how much are you tending to the hackers and how much are you tending to the big corporate clients?', 'start': 5194.011, 'duration': 4.944}, {'end': 5207.822, 'text': 'correct, and so right, like the ones, do you tend to the millions of people that are giving you almost no money or do you tend to the people,', 'start': 5199.275, 'duration': 8.547}], 'summary': 'Difficulty in contributing to tensorflow, balancing support for hackers and big corporate clients', 'duration': 28.961, 'max_score': 5178.861, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww5178861.jpg'}, {'end': 5287.245, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5258.199, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 5261.42, 'text': "I've wanted to be able to do something about that for a long time and try to figure out how.", 'start': 5258.199, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 5262.341, 'text': "Well, there's lots of ways.", 'start': 5261.44, 'duration': 0.901}, {'end': 5267.423, 'text': 'I mean, possibly one could say, we had an offer from Microsoft at early days of Anaconda.', 'start': 5262.361, 'duration': 5.062}, {'end': 5273.486, 'text': "In 2014, they offered to come buy us, right? The problem was the right people at Microsoft didn't offer to buy us.", 'start': 5267.964, 'duration': 5.522}, {'end': 5274.107, 'text': 'And they were still..', 'start': 5273.526, 'duration': 0.581}, {'end': 5275.817, 'text': 'were, it was really.', 'start': 5275.257, 'duration': 0.56}, {'end': 5278.099, 'text': 'uh. uh, we were like a second.', 'start': 5275.817, 'duration': 2.282}, {'end': 5278.759, 'text': 'they had really bought.', 'start': 5278.099, 'duration': 0.66}, {'end': 5279.74, 'text': 'they just bought r.', 'start': 5278.759, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 5287.245, 'text': 'the r company called um, it was not our studio, but it was another r company that was emergent and it was kind of a.', 'start': 5279.74, 'duration': 7.505}], 'summary': 'In 2014, microsoft offered to buy anaconda, but the deal fell through due to the wrong people being involved.', 'duration': 29.046, 'max_score': 5258.199, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww5258199.jpg'}], 'start': 3912.659, 'title': "Numpy's impact and evolution", 'summary': "Highlights numpy's pivotal role in data science, its growth since 2006, the speaker's transition from academia to entrepreneurship, the history of anaconda, enthought, and numpy, and the comparison between keras and tensorflow, including insights on corporate influence and contributions to the programming community.", 'chapters': [{'end': 4037.388, 'start': 3912.659, 'title': "Numpy's impact on the scientific community", 'summary': "Highlights numpy's growth and impact on the scientific community, including its pivotal role in the adoption of python for data science and the unsung heroes behind its success, with a significant turning point in 2006 leading to widespread influence.", 'duration': 124.729, 'highlights': ["NumPy's pivotal role in the adoption of Python for data science and the scientific community's shift towards utilizing computer tools at a larger scale led by Python. The scientific community started to think like programmers or started to utilize the tools of computers to do at a scale that wasn't done with Fortran, and Python took over, playing a significant role in this shift.", "The unsung heroes' critical support and encouragement in the development of NumPy, with individuals like Francesc, Alt-Head, Robert Kern, and Charles Harris being instrumental. Individuals like Francesc, Alt-Head, Robert Kern, and Charles Harris provided critical support and encouragement in the development of NumPy, playing pivotal roles in its growth and success.", "The pivotal moment in 2006, when NumPy became a dependency of matplotlib, marking a significant turning point in NumPy's success and influence. In 2006, NumPy became a dependency of matplotlib, signifying a pivotal moment that marked the beginning of NumPy's widespread influence and success."]}, {'end': 4563.94, 'start': 4037.408, 'title': 'Journey from academia to entrepreneurship', 'summary': "Recounts the speaker's transition from academia to entrepreneurship in 2007, driven by a strong interest in entrepreneurship and a desire to explore the connection between capital markets and company, exemplified by the success of a self-published book that funded the speaker's graduate student and garnered global sales.", 'duration': 526.532, 'highlights': ["The speaker's transition from academia to entrepreneurship in 2007, driven by a strong interest in entrepreneurship and a desire to explore the connection between capital markets and company.", "The success of a self-published book, 'Guide to NumPy,' which funded the speaker's graduate student with global sales of 30,000 copies, showcasing the impact of the book in securing funding and recognition.", "The speaker's libertarian beliefs evolving into a more collectivist libertarian approach, valuing freedom while understanding the power of communities and collective behavior.", "The exploration of economics leading the speaker to pursue entrepreneurship, leaving academia to join a friend's company in Texas, showcasing the speaker's leap into the entrepreneur world in 2007."]}, {'end': 5124.862, 'start': 4565.063, 'title': 'Anaconda, enthought, and numpy', 'summary': 'Discusses the history of anaconda, enthought, and numpy, including the challenges faced, the impact of enthought in supporting the scipy community, and the need for a unified api for multidimensional arrays, with a focus on creating an easier and efficient development environment for numpy contributors and addressing the limitations in the current type system.', 'duration': 559.799, 'highlights': ["Enthought's role in supporting the SciPy community, including running the SciPy conference and developing an R&D platform, has contributed to the success of scientists, with Enthought still existing and doing great work (Quantifiable: Enthought's continued existence and contribution to the scientific community).", 'The need for a unified API for multidimensional arrays, as discussed in the development of data-APIs.org, aims to create an easier and efficient development environment for NumPy contributors and address the limitations in the current type system, allowing for smoother integration with tools like Numba and supporting gradual typing (Quantifiable: Development of data-APIs.org and discussions with TensorFlow and PyTorch teams).', 'Challenges in the current type system of NumPy, including the handling of data types and the limitations of the type system being Python 1 era, have hindered the creation of new types and integration with tools like Numba for compiling Python code, impacting the development of NumPy and its compatibility with GPUs (Quantifiable: Impact on the development of NumPy and integration with Numba for compiling Python code).', "The history and challenges faced by Anaconda, Enthought, and NumPy, including the strained relationship between the founders, the creation of Anaconda due to the limitations in Enthought's business model, and the impact of the split in the array community, highlight the complexities and competition in the industry, with a recognition of the need for collaboration and efficient refactoring (Quantifiable: Impact of the split in the array community and the need for collaboration)."]}, {'end': 5584.66, 'start': 5124.862, 'title': 'Comparing keras and tensorflow', 'summary': "Discusses the differences between keras and tensorflow, the challenges of managing open source projects, and the influence of corporate interests on tool development, including insights on microsoft's offer to acquire anaconda and guido's contributions to the programming community.", 'duration': 459.798, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the differences between Keras and TensorFlow and the challenges of managing open source projects. The conversation delves into the differences between Keras and TensorFlow, highlighting the challenges of managing open source projects and the influence of corporate interests on tool development.', "Insights on Microsoft's offer to acquire Anaconda and Guido's contributions to the programming community are shared. The conversation reveals insights on Microsoft's offer to acquire Anaconda, shedding light on Guido's contributions to the programming community and the influence of corporate interests on tool development.", 'The influence of corporate interests on tool development is explored, including the challenges of managing open source projects. The discussion explores the influence of corporate interests on tool development, shedding light on the challenges of managing open source projects and the impact of corporate decisions on open source tools.']}], 'duration': 1672.001, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww3912659.jpg', 'highlights': ["NumPy's pivotal role in the adoption of Python for data science and the scientific community's shift towards utilizing computer tools at a larger scale led by Python.", "The unsung heroes' critical support and encouragement in the development of NumPy, with individuals like Francesc, Alt-Head, Robert Kern, and Charles Harris being instrumental.", "The pivotal moment in 2006, when NumPy became a dependency of matplotlib, marking a significant turning point in NumPy's success and influence.", "The success of a self-published book, 'Guide to NumPy,' which funded the speaker's graduate student with global sales of 30,000 copies, showcasing the impact of the book in securing funding and recognition.", "The exploration of economics leading the speaker to pursue entrepreneurship, leaving academia to join a friend's company in Texas, showcasing the speaker's leap into the entrepreneur world in 2007.", "Enthought's role in supporting the SciPy community, including running the SciPy conference and developing an R&D platform, has contributed to the success of scientists, with Enthought still existing and doing great work.", 'The need for a unified API for multidimensional arrays, as discussed in the development of data-APIs.org, aims to create an easier and efficient development environment for NumPy contributors and address the limitations in the current type system, allowing for smoother integration with tools like Numba and supporting gradual typing.', 'Challenges in the current type system of NumPy, including the handling of data types and the limitations of the type system being Python 1 era, have hindered the creation of new types and integration with tools like Numba for compiling Python code, impacting the development of NumPy and its compatibility with GPUs.', "The history and challenges faced by Anaconda, Enthought, and NumPy, including the strained relationship between the founders, the creation of Anaconda due to the limitations in Enthought's business model, and the impact of the split in the array community, highlight the complexities and competition in the industry, with a recognition of the need for collaboration and efficient refactoring.", 'The chapter discusses the differences between Keras and TensorFlow and the challenges of managing open source projects.', "Insights on Microsoft's offer to acquire Anaconda and Guido's contributions to the programming community are shared.", 'The influence of corporate interests on tool development is explored, including the challenges of managing open source projects.']}, {'end': 6261.412, 'segs': [{'end': 5614.722, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5585.42, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5587.242, 'text': 'So he stepped down over this.', 'start': 5585.42, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 5589.644, 'text': 'What do you think about the pressure of leadership? Yeah.', 'start': 5587.642, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 5593.207, 'text': 'You mentioned the letter I wrote in NumPy at the time.', 'start': 5590.925, 'duration': 2.282}, {'end': 5595.068, 'text': 'That was a hard time, actually.', 'start': 5593.227, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 5597.029, 'text': "I mean, there's been really hard times.", 'start': 5595.388, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 5597.489, 'text': 'It was hard.', 'start': 5597.109, 'duration': 0.38}, {'end': 5601.591, 'text': 'You get criticized, right? And you get pushed.', 'start': 5599.67, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 5603.792, 'text': 'Not everybody loves what you do.', 'start': 5601.711, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 5609.497, 'text': "Anytime you do anything that has impact at all, you're not universally loved, right? You get some real critics.", 'start': 5604.012, 'duration': 5.485}, {'end': 5614.722, 'text': "And that's an important energy because it's impossible if you did everything right.", 'start': 5609.857, 'duration': 4.865}], 'summary': 'Facing criticism and pressure as a leader can be challenging and impactful.', 'duration': 29.302, 'max_score': 5585.42, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww5585420.jpg'}, {'end': 5690.516, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5666.099, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5675.584, 'text': "I've noticed this too that there's a tendency and social media makes this worse when you don't have perfect information about the situation,", 'start': 5666.099, 'duration': 9.485}, {'end': 5683.03, 'text': 'you tend to fill the gaps with the worst possible, or at least a bad story that fills those gaps.', 'start': 5675.584, 'duration': 7.446}, {'end': 5690.516, 'text': "And I think it's good to live life, maybe not fully naively, but filling in the gaps with the good.", 'start': 5683.37, 'duration': 7.146}], 'summary': 'Social media exacerbates tendency to fill gaps with worst/bad stories, advocating for filling gaps with the good.', 'duration': 24.417, 'max_score': 5666.099, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww5666099.jpg'}, {'end': 5775.939, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5750.903, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5756.367, 'text': 'exactly for us to be effective as a group of people in a software engineering project, you have to project positive intent.', 'start': 5750.903, 'duration': 5.464}, {'end': 5761.63, 'text': "i think i totally agree, totally agree, and i think that's very and so that that happens in this in the space.", 'start': 5756.367, 'duration': 5.263}, {'end': 5763.831, 'text': 'but python has done a reasonable job in the past.', 'start': 5761.63, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 5768.994, 'text': "but here is a situation where i think it's it started to get this pressure where it didn't i was, i really didn't.", 'start': 5763.831, 'duration': 5.163}, {'end': 5770.435, 'text': "i didn't know enough about what happened.", 'start': 5768.994, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 5775.939, 'text': "i've, you know, talked to several people about it and i know, I think, most of the steering committee members today.", 'start': 5770.435, 'duration': 5.504}], 'summary': 'Positive intent is crucial for effective teamwork in software engineering. python has performed reasonably well in the past.', 'duration': 25.036, 'max_score': 5750.903, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww5750903.jpg'}, {'end': 5923.651, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5900.934, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5909.04, 'text': 'And it seems funny in retrospect, because wait, Python 3, that was in 2020, right, when we finally ended support for Python 2, or at least 2017.', 'start': 5900.934, 'duration': 8.106}, {'end': 5918.208, 'text': "The reason it took a long time, a lot of time, I think it was because one of the things is there wasn't much to like about Python 3, 3.0, 3.1.", 'start': 5909.04, 'duration': 9.168}, {'end': 5920.509, 'text': "It really wasn't until 3.3.", 'start': 5918.208, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 5923.651, 'text': 'I consider Python 3.3 to be Python 3.0.', 'start': 5920.509, 'duration': 3.142}], 'summary': 'Python 3.3 marks a significant improvement over earlier versions, leading to delayed support for python 2 until 2020.', 'duration': 22.717, 'max_score': 5900.934, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww5900934.jpg'}, {'end': 5959.141, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5939.719, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5950.459, 'text': 'Exactly The challenge was, but it also illustrated a truism that You know when you have inertia, when you have a group of people using something,', 'start': 5939.719, 'duration': 10.74}, {'end': 5951.819, 'text': "it's really hard to move them away from it.", 'start': 5950.459, 'duration': 1.36}, {'end': 5953.26, 'text': "You can't just change the world on them.", 'start': 5951.979, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 5957.181, 'text': 'And Python 3, you know, made some, I think it fixed some things Guido had always hated.', 'start': 5953.94, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 5959.141, 'text': "I think he didn't like the fact that print was a statement.", 'start': 5957.221, 'duration': 1.92}], 'summary': 'Transition to python 3 faced inertia due to user habit. python 3 fixed issues, including print statement.', 'duration': 19.422, 'max_score': 5939.719, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww5939719.jpg'}, {'end': 6156.01, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6124.748, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 6136.196, 'text': "It's a good way to ask the trade-off between usability and efficiency broadly in NumPy, but also in these specific weird quirks of a single function.", 'start': 6124.748, 'duration': 11.448}, {'end': 6147.284, 'text': "So on that point, if you use a NumPy math function on a scalar, it's going to be slower than using a Python function on that scalar.", 'start': 6137.016, 'duration': 10.268}, {'end': 6156.01, 'text': 'But because the math object in NumPy is more complicated, because you can also call that math object on an array.', 'start': 6147.984, 'duration': 8.026}], 'summary': 'Using numpy math function on a scalar is slower than using a python function, due to the trade-off between usability and efficiency.', 'duration': 31.262, 'max_score': 6124.748, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww6124748.jpg'}], 'start': 5585.42, 'title': 'Leadership pressure and python 3 transition', 'summary': "Discusses the pressure of leadership, impact of criticism, and importance of projecting positive intent in software engineering, along with challenges and lessons learned from the transition from python 2 to python 3, emphasizing slow adoption due to lack of features and trade-off between usability and efficiency in numpy's math functions.", 'chapters': [{'end': 5779.881, 'start': 5585.42, 'title': 'Leadership pressure and positive intent', 'summary': 'Discusses the pressure of leadership, the impact of criticism, and the importance of projecting positive intent in the software engineering space, emphasizing the need to fill gaps with positive explanations and the challenges of combating the viral nature of negativity on social media.', 'duration': 194.461, 'highlights': ['Leadership pressure and criticism are inevitable in impactful roles, as not everyone will love the decisions made (e.g., stepping down due to pressure).', 'Projecting positive intent is crucial in software engineering projects for effective collaboration, despite the challenges posed by negative social media engagement.', 'Negative narratives on social media are exacerbated by the tendency to fill gaps with worst-case scenarios, posing challenges in promoting positive intent and combating negativity.']}, {'end': 6261.412, 'start': 5780.922, 'title': "Python 3 transition and numpy's evolution", 'summary': "Discusses the challenges and lessons learned from the transition from python 2 to python 3, including the slow adoption due to lack of features, and the trade-off between usability and efficiency in numpy's math functions.", 'duration': 480.49, 'highlights': ['The transition from Python 2 to Python 3 took a long time due to the lack of compelling features in early Python 3 versions. It took a long time for the transition from Python 2 to Python 3 because early Python 3 versions lacked compelling features, with Python 3.3 being the first version considered worthwhile.', 'The challenges of inertia and resistance to change were evident in the slow adoption of Python 3, highlighting the difficulty in moving a group of people from a familiar system to a new one. The challenges of inertia and resistance to change were evident in the slow adoption of Python 3, showcasing the difficulty in moving a group of people from a familiar system to a new one.', "The trade-off between usability and efficiency was illustrated by the comparison of NumPy's math functions with Python's functions, particularly in the context of using NumPy math functions on a scalar versus on an array. The comparison of NumPy's math functions with Python's functions highlighted the trade-off between usability and efficiency, especially in the context of using NumPy math functions on a scalar versus on an array."]}], 'duration': 675.992, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww5585420.jpg', 'highlights': ['Leadership pressure and criticism are inevitable in impactful roles, as not everyone will love the decisions made (e.g., stepping down due to pressure).', 'Projecting positive intent is crucial in software engineering projects for effective collaboration, despite the challenges posed by negative social media engagement.', 'Negative narratives on social media are exacerbated by the tendency to fill gaps with worst-case scenarios, posing challenges in promoting positive intent and combating negativity.', 'The transition from Python 2 to Python 3 took a long time due to the lack of compelling features in early Python 3 versions. It took a long time for the transition from Python 2 to Python 3 because early Python 3 versions lacked compelling features, with Python 3.3 being the first version considered worthwhile.', 'The challenges of inertia and resistance to change were evident in the slow adoption of Python 3, highlighting the difficulty in moving a group of people from a familiar system to a new one. The challenges of inertia and resistance to change were evident in the slow adoption of Python 3, showcasing the difficulty in moving a group of people from a familiar system to a new one.', "The trade-off between usability and efficiency was illustrated by the comparison of NumPy's math functions with Python's functions, particularly in the context of using NumPy math functions on a scalar versus on an array. The comparison of NumPy's math functions with Python's functions highlighted the trade-off between usability and efficiency, especially in the context of using NumPy math functions on a scalar versus on an array."]}, {'end': 6961.907, 'segs': [{'end': 6303.143, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6263.313, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6269.931, 'text': "And the other part I didn't mention, and Numba was a thing we wrote early on, and I was really excited by Numba because it's something we wanted.", 'start': 6263.313, 'duration': 6.618}, {'end': 6278.159, 'text': 'It was a compiler for Python syntax, and I wanted it from the beginning of writing NumPy because of this function question.', 'start': 6269.951, 'duration': 8.208}, {'end': 6284.537, 'text': 'Taking the power of arrays is really that you can write functions using all of it.', 'start': 6279.795, 'duration': 4.742}, {'end': 6291.179, 'text': "It has implicit looping, right? So you don't worry about I write this n-dimensional for loop with four loops for four statements.", 'start': 6285.317, 'duration': 5.862}, {'end': 6293.2, 'text': 'You just say, oh, big four dimensional array.', 'start': 6291.239, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 6296.301, 'text': "I'm going to do this operation, this plus, this minus, this reduction.", 'start': 6293.22, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 6303.143, 'text': "And you get this, it's called vectorization in other areas, but you can basically think at a high level and get massive amounts of computation done.", 'start': 6296.321, 'duration': 6.822}], 'summary': 'Numba compiler for python syntax enables efficient array operations in numpy, facilitating implicit looping and high-level computation.', 'duration': 39.83, 'max_score': 6263.313, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww6263313.jpg'}, {'end': 6350.313, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6323.357, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6327.019, 'text': 'And so functions in NumPy are called universal functions, ufuncs.', 'start': 6323.357, 'duration': 3.662}, {'end': 6328.6, 'text': 'So square root is an example of a ufunc.', 'start': 6327.059, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 6331.802, 'text': 'There are others, sine, cosine, add, subtract.', 'start': 6328.94, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 6335.464, 'text': 'In fact, one of those first libraries to SciPy was something called special,', 'start': 6332.402, 'duration': 3.062}, {'end': 6342.387, 'text': 'where I added Bessel functions and like all these special functions that come up in physics, and I added them as ufuncs so they could work on arrays.', 'start': 6335.464, 'duration': 6.923}, {'end': 6345.889, 'text': 'So I understood ufuncs very, very well from day one inside of numeric.', 'start': 6343.008, 'duration': 2.881}, {'end': 6348.551, 'text': 'That was one of the things we tried to make better in NumPy was how did they work??', 'start': 6345.909, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 6350.313, 'text': 'Can they do broadcasting??', 'start': 6349.131, 'duration': 1.182}], 'summary': 'Numpy has universal functions (ufuncs) like square root, sine, cosine, add, and subtract, including special functions like bessel functions, optimized to work on arrays.', 'duration': 26.956, 'max_score': 6323.357, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww6323357.jpg'}, {'end': 6551.552, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6519.197, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6523.04, 'text': "Is that possible? I tend to think that you're going to there's separate concerns there.", 'start': 6519.197, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 6524.281, 'text': 'You want to precompile.', 'start': 6523.4, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 6530.124, 'text': 'In fact, generally, you will want to precompile your some of your loops, like sci-fi is a compilation step.', 'start': 6524.321, 'duration': 5.803}, {'end': 6532.585, 'text': 'To install sci-fi, it takes about two hours.', 'start': 6530.164, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 6537.707, 'text': 'If you have many machines, maybe you can get it down to one hour, but to compile those libraries takes a while.', 'start': 6532.605, 'duration': 5.102}, {'end': 6539.027, 'text': "You don't want to do that at runtime.", 'start': 6537.927, 'duration': 1.1}, {'end': 6540.748, 'text': "You don't want to do that all the time.", 'start': 6539.047, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 6543.889, 'text': "You want to have this pre-compiled binary available that you're then just linking into.", 'start': 6540.768, 'duration': 3.121}, {'end': 6551.552, 'text': "So there's real questions about The whole source code code is running binary code is more than source code.", 'start': 6544.449, 'duration': 7.103}], 'summary': "Precompiling loops like sci-fi takes about two hours, but can be reduced to one hour with many machines. it's important to have pre-compiled binary available for linking.", 'duration': 32.355, 'max_score': 6519.197, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww6519197.jpg'}, {'end': 6940.391, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6908.019, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 6909.159, 'text': "There aren't national boundaries.", 'start': 6908.019, 'duration': 1.14}, {'end': 6912.96, 'text': 'One of the challenges with business and open source is the fact that business is national.', 'start': 6909.199, 'duration': 3.761}, {'end': 6918.861, 'text': 'Businesses are entities that are recognized in legal jurisdictions and have laws that are respected in those jurisdictions and hiring,', 'start': 6913.02, 'duration': 5.841}, {'end': 6922.802, 'text': 'and yet the open source ecosystem is not there.', 'start': 6918.861, 'duration': 3.941}, {'end': 6927.623, 'text': "Currently, one of the problems we're solving is hiring people all over the world because we.", 'start': 6923.302, 'duration': 4.321}, {'end': 6931.946, 'text': "it's a global effort and i've had the chance to work and i've loved the chance.", 'start': 6928.363, 'duration': 3.583}, {'end': 6940.391, 'text': "i've never been to uh like uh iran, but i once had a conference where i was able to talk to people there right and talk to folks in uh.", 'start': 6931.946, 'duration': 8.445}], 'summary': 'Challenges in global hiring for open source business, aiming for global reach.', 'duration': 32.372, 'max_score': 6908.019, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww6908019.jpg'}], 'start': 6263.313, 'title': 'Numba compiler and numpy ufuncs', 'summary': 'Delves into the numba compiler for python, enabling implicit looping and parallelization in numpy, while also exploring universal functions (ufuncs), their challenges, optimizations, and the importance of precompilation and open source collaboration.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6322.363, 'start': 6263.313, 'title': 'Numba compiler for python', 'summary': 'Discusses the numba compiler as a powerful tool for writing functions in numpy, enabling implicit looping and parallelization, leading to high-level thinking and efficient computation.', 'duration': 59.05, 'highlights': ['Numba is a compiler for Python syntax, providing the capability to write functions using arrays and enabling implicit looping, leading to high-level thinking and efficient computation.', 'Vectorization in NumPy allows for massive amounts of computation to be done, with the added benefit of easy parallelization.']}, {'end': 6961.907, 'start': 6323.357, 'title': 'Understanding numpy and ufuncs', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of universal functions (ufuncs) in numpy, including examples like square root, sine, cosine, and the challenges and optimizations associated with ufuncs and python scalars, as well as the importance of precompilation and the global impact of open source collaboration and the need for better resource allocation.', 'duration': 638.55, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the concept of universal functions (ufuncs) in NumPy, including examples like square root, sine, cosine, and the challenges and optimizations associated with ufuncs and Python scalars. ufuncs in NumPy, examples like square root, sine, cosine, challenges and optimizations, Python scalars', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of precompilation for improving performance and discusses the impact of precompiled binary code on speeding up computations. importance of precompilation, impact of precompiled binary code on speeding up computations', 'The discussion highlights the global impact of open source collaboration and the need for better resource allocation to support the programmers who build tools that run the world. global impact of open source collaboration, need for better resource allocation for programmers']}], 'duration': 698.594, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww6263313.jpg', 'highlights': ['Numba enables implicit looping and parallelization in Python, enhancing computation efficiency.', 'Vectorization in NumPy allows for massive computation with easy parallelization.', 'The chapter explores universal functions (ufuncs) in NumPy and their associated challenges and optimizations.', 'Precompilation is emphasized for performance improvement and speeding up computations.', 'The importance of open source collaboration and resource allocation for programmers is highlighted.']}, {'end': 8212.513, 'segs': [{'end': 7059.514, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6987.448, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6995.351, 'text': 'if they collaborate together that I think, can prevent major military conflict, which would, I think,', 'start': 6987.448, 'duration': 7.903}, {'end': 6999.533, 'text': 'most likely happen at the cyber level versus the actual hot war level.', 'start': 6995.351, 'duration': 4.182}, {'end': 7000.193, 'text': "You're right.", 'start': 6999.833, 'duration': 0.36}, {'end': 7002.276, 'text': "I think that's a good prediction.", 'start': 7000.213, 'duration': 2.063}, {'end': 7007.301, 'text': "Nations that code together don't go to war together.", 'start': 7003.417, 'duration': 3.884}, {'end': 7010.284, 'text': "That's a hope, right? That's one of the philosophical hopes.", 'start': 7007.881, 'duration': 2.403}, {'end': 7016.03, 'text': 'So you mentioned the project of Numba, which is..', 'start': 7012.406, 'duration': 3.624}, {'end': 7023.499, 'text': "Fascinating So from the early days, there was kind of a pushback on Python that it's not fast.", 'start': 7017.796, 'duration': 5.703}, {'end': 7028.161, 'text': "If you want to write something that's fast, you use C++.", 'start': 7025.58, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 7032.744, 'text': "If you want to write something that's usable and friendly but slow, you use Python.", 'start': 7028.201, 'duration': 4.543}, {'end': 7038.146, 'text': 'And so what is Numba? What is its goal? How does it work? Great, yeah.', 'start': 7033.404, 'duration': 4.742}, {'end': 7039.307, 'text': "Yes, that's what the argument.", 'start': 7038.366, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 7044.589, 'text': "And the reality was people would write high-level code and use compiled code, but there's still user story.", 'start': 7039.787, 'duration': 4.802}, {'end': 7048.81, 'text': 'use cases where you want to write Python, but then have it still be fast.', 'start': 7044.589, 'duration': 4.221}, {'end': 7050.071, 'text': 'You still need to write a for loop.', 'start': 7048.87, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 7054.152, 'text': "Like before Numba, it was always don't write a for loop.", 'start': 7050.731, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 7056.673, 'text': 'Write it in a vectorized way, put it in an array.', 'start': 7054.252, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 7059.514, 'text': 'And often that can make a memory trade-off.', 'start': 7057.254, 'duration': 2.26}], 'summary': 'Collaboration can prevent military conflict; numba speeds up python code for better performance.', 'duration': 72.066, 'max_score': 6987.448, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww6987448.jpg'}, {'end': 7128.937, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7101.509, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 7104.71, 'text': 'But the vectorize in NumPy would just give you a Python function.', 'start': 7101.509, 'duration': 3.201}, {'end': 7109.292, 'text': 'So it would take the array of numbers and at every call do a loop back into Python.', 'start': 7104.87, 'duration': 4.422}, {'end': 7110.372, 'text': 'So it was very slow.', 'start': 7109.612, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 7112.433, 'text': 'It gave you the appearance of a ufunc, but it was very slow.', 'start': 7110.432, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 7118.955, 'text': 'So I always wanted a vectorize that would take that Python scalar function and produce a ufunc working on binary native code.', 'start': 7112.873, 'duration': 6.082}, {'end': 7120.255, 'text': 'In fact,', 'start': 7119.895, 'duration': 0.36}, {'end': 7128.937, 'text': 'I had somebody work on that with PiPi and see if PiPi could be used to produce a U-Funk like that early on in 2009 or something like that 2010..', 'start': 7120.255, 'duration': 8.682}], 'summary': 'Vectorize in numpy initially slow due to python loop; aim for faster ufunc in 2009-2010.', 'duration': 27.428, 'max_score': 7101.509, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww7101509.jpg'}, {'end': 7266.97, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7227.009, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7230.33, 'text': "So it's almost like for loops, like focusing on for loops.", 'start': 7227.009, 'duration': 3.321}, {'end': 7237.012, 'text': 'For loops, scalar arithmetic, you know, typed, you know, really typed language, a typed subset.', 'start': 7230.35, 'duration': 6.662}, {'end': 7238.753, 'text': 'That was the key.', 'start': 7238.272, 'duration': 0.481}, {'end': 7241.814, 'text': 'So, but we wanted to add inference of types.', 'start': 7239.413, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 7247.998, 'text': "So you didn't have to spell all the types out because when you call a function, so Python is typed, it's just dynamically typed.", 'start': 7241.874, 'duration': 6.124}, {'end': 7253.982, 'text': "So you don't tell it what the types are, but when it runs, every time an object runs, there's a type for the variables, you know what it is.", 'start': 7248.018, 'duration': 5.964}, {'end': 7256.063, 'text': 'And so that was the design.', 'start': 7254.622, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 7263.488, 'text': 'goals of Numba were to make it possible to write functions that could be compiled and have them use for NumPy arrays,', 'start': 7256.063, 'duration': 7.425}, {'end': 7264.809, 'text': 'like they needed to support NumPy arrays.', 'start': 7263.488, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 7266.97, 'text': 'And so how does it work??', 'start': 7265.549, 'duration': 1.421}], 'summary': 'Numba enables for loops, scalar arithmetic, and inference of types for efficient compilation and support for numpy arrays.', 'duration': 39.961, 'max_score': 7227.009, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww7227009.jpg'}, {'end': 7328.949, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7304.642, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 7313.144, 'text': 'Because Numba today, now Numba is nine years old today, right? The first two, three versions were not great, right? But they solved a problem.', 'start': 7304.642, 'duration': 8.502}, {'end': 7315.305, 'text': 'And so people could try it and we could get some feedback on it.', 'start': 7313.164, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 7317.706, 'text': 'Not great in that it was very focused.', 'start': 7315.645, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 7320.147, 'text': 'Very fragile, very subset.', 'start': 7317.926, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 7322.587, 'text': 'The subset it would actually compile was small.', 'start': 7320.187, 'duration': 2.4}, {'end': 7328.949, 'text': 'And so if you wrote Python code and said, so the way it worked is you write a function and you say at JIT, use decorators.', 'start': 7323.087, 'duration': 5.862}], 'summary': 'Numba, at nine years old, initially faced challenges but solved a problem, receiving valuable feedback.', 'duration': 24.307, 'max_score': 7304.642, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww7304642.jpg'}, {'end': 7514.152, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7488.925, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 7494.567, 'text': 'It was a fits and starts, right? And ultimately, the fact that we had a commercial version of it also we were writing.', 'start': 7488.925, 'duration': 5.642}, {'end': 7500.548, 'text': "So part of the way I was trying to fund Numba is say well, let's do the free Numba and then we'll have a commercial version of Numba called Numba Pro.", 'start': 7494.747, 'duration': 5.801}, {'end': 7502.589, 'text': 'And what Numba Pro did is it targeted GPUs.', 'start': 7500.828, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 7514.152, 'text': 'So we had the very first CUDA JIT and the very first ATJIT compiler that in 2012,, 2013, you could run not just a ViewFunk on CPU,', 'start': 7503.269, 'duration': 10.883}], 'summary': 'Numba pro targeted gpus with the first cuda jit and atjit compiler in 2012, 2013.', 'duration': 25.227, 'max_score': 7488.925, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww7488925.jpg'}, {'end': 7625.508, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7598.695, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 7603.536, 'text': 'Peter and I had the goal of when we started Anaconda, we actually started as Continuum Analytics was the name of the company that started.', 'start': 7598.695, 'duration': 4.841}, {'end': 7607.017, 'text': 'It got renamed Anaconda in 2015.', 'start': 7603.997, 'duration': 3.02}, {'end': 7609.698, 'text': 'But we said, we want to scale analytics.', 'start': 7607.017, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 7610.538, 'text': 'NumPy is great.', 'start': 7609.938, 'duration': 0.6}, {'end': 7611.959, 'text': 'Pandas is emerging.', 'start': 7611.139, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 7615.081, 'text': 'but these need to run at scale with lots of machines.', 'start': 7612.699, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 7618.523, 'text': 'The other thing we wanted to do was make user interfaces that were web.', 'start': 7615.101, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 7625.508, 'text': 'We wanted to make sure the web did not pass by the Python community, that we had a ways to translate your data science to the web.', 'start': 7618.643, 'duration': 6.865}], 'summary': 'Anaconda, formerly continuum analytics, aimed to scale analytics and bring python data science to the web.', 'duration': 26.813, 'max_score': 7598.695, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww7598695.jpg'}, {'end': 7803.008, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7773.755, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 7775.915, 'text': 'But Bokeh was focused on interactive plotting.', 'start': 7773.755, 'duration': 2.16}, {'end': 7782.017, 'text': "So it's a short path between interactive plotting and application, dashboard application.", 'start': 7776.376, 'duration': 5.641}, {'end': 7788.86, 'text': "And there's some incredible work that got done there, right? And it was a hard project because then you're basically doing JavaScript and Python.", 'start': 7782.717, 'duration': 6.143}, {'end': 7793.123, 'text': 'So we wanted to tackle some of these hard problems and try to just go after them.', 'start': 7789.481, 'duration': 3.642}, {'end': 7795.764, 'text': 'We got some DARPA funding to help, and it was super helpful.', 'start': 7793.443, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 7796.845, 'text': "It's a funny story there.", 'start': 7796.084, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 7799.806, 'text': 'We actually did two DARPA proposals, but one we were five minutes late for.', 'start': 7796.885, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 7803.008, 'text': 'And DARPA has a very strict cutoff window.', 'start': 7800.627, 'duration': 2.381}], 'summary': 'Bokeh focused on interactive plotting led to darpa funding, but missed one proposal deadline.', 'duration': 29.253, 'max_score': 7773.755, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww7773755.jpg'}], 'start': 6962.648, 'title': "Numba's role in enhancing python performance and accelerating array computing", 'summary': "Covers the potential of cyber war and the importance of collaboration, as well as the development of numba to enhance python performance and accelerate array computing. it also discusses numba pro's funding and anaconda's goal to scale analytics and build web user interfaces for data science.", 'chapters': [{'end': 7120.255, 'start': 6962.648, 'title': 'Cyber war and numba: enhancing python performance', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential for cyber war and the importance of collaboration among major power centers like the united states, russia, and china, as well as the development of numba, a tool that aims to enhance the performance of python by providing a way to write fast code without sacrificing usability.', 'duration': 157.607, 'highlights': ["Nations that code together don't go to war together, emphasizing the potential role of collaboration in preventing major military conflicts at the cyber level.", 'The significance of collaboration among major power centers like the United States, Russia, and China in preventing major military conflict at the cyber level, highlighting the impact of developers in these countries.', 'The development of Numba as a tool to write fast Python code without sacrificing usability, addressing the historical perception of Python as slow and the need for a solution to write high-level code while maintaining speed.', 'The initial pushback on Python for being slow and the traditional approach of using C++ for speed and Python for usability, highlighting the challenges that Numba aimed to address.', "The desire for a vectorize tool that could produce a ufunc working on binary native code to improve performance, emphasizing the specific goal of Numba in enhancing Python's speed and efficiency."]}, {'end': 7322.587, 'start': 7120.255, 'title': 'Numba: accelerating array computing', 'summary': 'Discusses the development of numba, a tool that accelerates array computing in python, highlighting its key features such as type inference, support for numpy arrays, and its incremental approach to development.', 'duration': 202.332, 'highlights': ['Numba allows for writing functions that can be compiled and utilize NumPy arrays, addressing the need for support for array computing in Python.', 'The tool uses type inference to determine the type of variables, eliminating the need to specify types explicitly and making it easier to work with dynamically typed Python.', 'The initial versions of Numba were not great in terms of robustness and functionality, but they were able to solve a problem and gather valuable feedback, reflecting an incremental and iterative approach to development.', 'The development of Numba began in 2012, with the goal of enabling array computing and implementing ideas for at-scale data science, demonstrating the ambition and forward-looking approach of the developers.', "The process of creating Numba involved focusing on a reduced subset of Python syntax, particularly for loops, scalar arithmetic, and a typed subset, emphasizing the tool's specific use case and objectives."]}, {'end': 7686.006, 'start': 7323.087, 'title': 'Numba pro and anaconda', 'summary': "Discusses the development of numba pro, a python jit compiler targeting gpus, funded by anaconda, and the funding mechanism for numba pro involving darpa grant, service projects, and commercial version. anaconda's goal is to scale analytics and build web user interfaces for data science.", 'duration': 362.919, 'highlights': ['Numba Pro was developed to translate Python bytecode to LLVM and target GPUs, achieving 1000x speed increase in 2012-2013.', 'Funding for Numba Pro involved proceeds from service projects, a commercial version called Numba Pro, and a DARPA grant.', "Anaconda aimed to scale analytics and develop web user interfaces for data science to ensure the Python community's presence on the web.", 'The chapter discusses the challenges and efforts in funding Numba Pro, including the utilization of proceeds from service projects and a commercial version called Numba Pro.', 'The funding mechanism for Numba Pro involved utilizing money raised from Anaconda, applying for a DARPA grant, and investing proceeds from service projects.']}, {'end': 8212.513, 'start': 7686.026, 'title': 'Python tools for building applications and faster code', 'summary': "Discusses the relevance of python tools like dask, numba, bokeh, conda, data shader, panel, holoviz, and jupyterlab in building applications and faster code, highlighting bokeh's focus on interactive plotting and the development of conda as a user-focused python package manager.", 'duration': 526.487, 'highlights': ["Bokeh's focus on interactive plotting and application development Bokeh was foundational in focusing on interactive plotting and its short path to dashboard application development, addressing the challenge of interactive plotting and application development in Python.", 'The development of Conda as a user-focused Python package manager The discussion explores the early development of Conda as a user-focused Python package manager, addressing the packaging problem in Python and its focus on making Python installation and usage more accessible to users.', 'Relevance of Python tools like Dask, Numba, Data Shader, Panel, Holoviz, and JupyterLab in building applications and faster code The chapter highlights the relevance of Python tools like Dask, Numba, Data Shader, Panel, Holoviz, and JupyterLab in building applications and faster code, emphasizing their importance in the Python ecosystem.']}], 'duration': 1249.865, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww6962648.jpg', 'highlights': ["Nations that code together don't go to war together, emphasizing the potential role of collaboration in preventing major military conflicts at the cyber level.", 'Numba Pro was developed to translate Python bytecode to LLVM and target GPUs, achieving 1000x speed increase in 2012-2013.', 'The development of Numba as a tool to write fast Python code without sacrificing usability, addressing the historical perception of Python as slow and the need for a solution to write high-level code while maintaining speed.', 'Numba allows for writing functions that can be compiled and utilize NumPy arrays, addressing the need for support for array computing in Python.', "Anaconda aimed to scale analytics and develop web user interfaces for data science to ensure the Python community's presence on the web.", "The desire for a vectorize tool that could produce a ufunc working on binary native code to improve performance, emphasizing the specific goal of Numba in enhancing Python's speed and efficiency.", 'The tool uses type inference to determine the type of variables, eliminating the need to specify types explicitly and making it easier to work with dynamically typed Python.', 'The development of Numba began in 2012, with the goal of enabling array computing and implementing ideas for at-scale data science, demonstrating the ambition and forward-looking approach of the developers.', "Bokeh's focus on interactive plotting and application development Bokeh was foundational in focusing on interactive plotting and its short path to dashboard application development, addressing the challenge of interactive plotting and application development in Python.", "The process of creating Numba involved focusing on a reduced subset of Python syntax, particularly for loops, scalar arithmetic, and a typed subset, emphasizing the tool's specific use case and objectives."]}, {'end': 9647.505, 'segs': [{'end': 8295.965, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8268.186, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8273.728, 'text': "People do it because the popularity of pip, many people think, oh, of course that's how I install everything Python.", 'start': 8268.186, 'duration': 5.542}, {'end': 8276.049, 'text': 'Yeah, this is one of the big challenges.', 'start': 8274.289, 'duration': 1.76}, {'end': 8285.395, 'text': 'You know, you take a GitHub repository or just a basic blog post, the number of time pip is mentioned over conda is like 100x to one.', 'start': 8276.53, 'duration': 8.865}, {'end': 8287.957, 'text': 'Correct So that just has to do with the- And that was increasing.', 'start': 8285.475, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 8290.159, 'text': "It wasn't true early because pip didn't exist.", 'start': 8287.996, 'duration': 2.163}, {'end': 8291.24, 'text': 'Like conda came first.', 'start': 8290.239, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 8295.965, 'text': "So, but that's like the long tail of the internet documentation user generated.", 'start': 8291.661, 'duration': 4.304}], 'summary': 'Pip is more popular than conda, mentioned 100x more, due to its early existence and widespread documentation.', 'duration': 27.779, 'max_score': 8268.186, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww8268186.jpg'}, {'end': 8337.588, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8307.174, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8314.097, 'text': "And it's sad because you saw the, Conda solves a lot of usability issues.", 'start': 8307.174, 'duration': 6.923}, {'end': 8316.458, 'text': 'Correct Like for especially super challenging things.', 'start': 8314.257, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 8323.54, 'text': "I don't know, one of the big pain points for me was just on the computer vision side, OpenCV installation.", 'start': 8316.598, 'duration': 6.942}, {'end': 8324.62, 'text': 'Yes, perfect example, yes.', 'start': 8323.559, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 8327.422, 'text': "I think, I don't know if Conda solved that.", 'start': 8324.761, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 8328.842, 'text': 'Conda has an OpenCV package.', 'start': 8327.441, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 8337.588, 'text': "I don't know, I certainly know PIP has not solved I mean, there's complexities there because I actually don't know.", 'start': 8329.162, 'duration': 8.426}], 'summary': 'Conda solves usability issues, including opencv installation pain points.', 'duration': 30.414, 'max_score': 8307.174, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww8307174.jpg'}, {'end': 8443.659, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8413.328, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 8414.309, 'text': "There's a balance between..", 'start': 8413.328, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 8419.434, 'text': 'Every project starts with what I call company-backed open source, even if the company is yourself.', 'start': 8415.71, 'duration': 3.724}, {'end': 8422.276, 'text': "It's just one person doing business as.", 'start': 8419.454, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 8430.445, 'text': 'But ultimately, for projects to succeed virally and become massive influencers, they have to get community people on board.', 'start': 8423.418, 'duration': 7.027}, {'end': 8431.626, 'text': 'They have to get other people on board.', 'start': 8430.465, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 8433.668, 'text': 'So it has to become community-driven.', 'start': 8432.187, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 8437.832, 'text': 'And a big part of that is engagement with those people, empowering people, governance around it.', 'start': 8433.688, 'duration': 4.144}, {'end': 8443.659, 'text': 'And what happened with Conda in the early days, Pip emerged and we did do some good things.', 'start': 8438.653, 'duration': 5.006}], 'summary': 'Project success requires community involvement and engagement. conda and pip collaboration resulted in positive outcomes.', 'duration': 30.331, 'max_score': 8413.328, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww8413328.jpg'}, {'end': 8605.49, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8569.084, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 8571.925, 'text': 'But then you should also recommend it across the board.', 'start': 8569.084, 'duration': 2.841}, {'end': 8573.486, 'text': "So I'll definitely sort of, I'm committed.", 'start': 8572.065, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 8574.947, 'text': 'But what I recommend now is a hybrid.', 'start': 8573.546, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 8576.767, 'text': 'I do, I mean, I have no problem.', 'start': 8575.367, 'duration': 1.4}, {'end': 8578.988, 'text': 'Is it possible to use? Oh, it is, it is.', 'start': 8576.787, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 8585.051, 'text': "Like build the environment with PIP, with Conda, build an environment with Conda, and then PIP install on top of that, that's fine.", 'start': 8579.409, 'duration': 5.642}, {'end': 8589.514, 'text': 'Be careful about PIP installing, OpenCV or TensorFlow.', 'start': 8585.371, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 8594.96, 'text': "Because if somebody's allowed that, it's going to be most surely done in a way that can't be updated that easily.", 'start': 8589.875, 'duration': 5.085}, {'end': 8605.49, 'text': 'So install the big packages, the infrastructure, Wakanda, and then the weirdos, the weird implementation for some..', 'start': 8595.16, 'duration': 10.33}], 'summary': 'Recommend hybrid environment with conda and pip to avoid update issues with big packages like opencv or tensorflow.', 'duration': 36.406, 'max_score': 8569.084, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww8569084.jpg'}, {'end': 8740.767, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8709.488, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 8710.609, 'text': 'Big picture, QuantSight.', 'start': 8709.488, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 8714.432, 'text': 'QuantSight, its mission is to connect data to an open economy.', 'start': 8710.629, 'duration': 3.803}, {'end': 8717.074, 'text': "So it's basically consulting the Pi Data ecosystem.", 'start': 8714.552, 'duration': 2.522}, {'end': 8718.776, 'text': "It's a consulting company.", 'start': 8717.735, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 8724.14, 'text': "And what I've said when I started it was we're trying to create products, people, and technology.", 'start': 8719.336, 'duration': 4.804}, {'end': 8727.941, 'text': "So it's divided into two groups, and a third one as well.", 'start': 8724.76, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 8735.665, 'text': 'The two groups are a consulting services company that just helps people do data science and data engineering and data management better and more efficiently.', 'start': 8728.322, 'duration': 7.343}, {'end': 8736.325, 'text': 'Like full stack.', 'start': 8735.745, 'duration': 0.58}, {'end': 8738.146, 'text': 'Full stack, data science, full thing.', 'start': 8736.345, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 8740.767, 'text': "We'll help you build an infrastructure if you're using Jupyter.", 'start': 8738.206, 'duration': 2.561}], 'summary': 'Quantsight aims to connect data to an open economy, offering consulting services for data science and engineering, with a focus on creating products, people, and technology.', 'duration': 31.279, 'max_score': 8709.488, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww8709488.jpg'}, {'end': 8814.359, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8785.967, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 8788.128, 'text': "it's a non-profit mission.", 'start': 8785.967, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 8793.23, 'text': 'the profits of quan site help fund it and in fact every project that we have at quan site,', 'start': 8788.128, 'duration': 5.102}, {'end': 8797.031, 'text': 'a portion of the money goes directly to quan site labs to help keep it funded.', 'start': 8793.23, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 8798.291, 'text': "so we've gotten several mechanisms.", 'start': 8797.031, 'duration': 1.26}, {'end': 8800.532, 'text': 'we keep quan site labs funded, you know, currently.', 'start': 8798.291, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 8803.574, 'text': "so i'm really excited about labs because it's been a mission for a long time.", 'start': 8800.532, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 8805.275, 'text': 'what kind of projects are within labs?', 'start': 8803.574, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 8810.357, 'text': "so labs is working to make the software better, like make numpy better, make sci-fi better, make it's it's.", 'start': 8805.275, 'duration': 5.082}, {'end': 8812.378, 'text': 'it only works on open source.', 'start': 8810.357, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 8814.359, 'text': 'so you know if somebody wants to.', 'start': 8812.378, 'duration': 1.981}], 'summary': "Quan site's profits fund projects at labs to improve open source software.", 'duration': 28.392, 'max_score': 8785.967, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww8785967.jpg'}, {'end': 9063.189, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9035.806, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 9039.569, 'text': 'So in 2018, when the bigger idea came, how to make open source investable, I said, oh, I need to write it.', 'start': 9035.806, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 9040.57, 'text': 'I need to create a venture fund.', 'start': 9039.609, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 9044.533, 'text': 'So we created a venture fund called Quonset Initiate at the same time.', 'start': 9041.15, 'duration': 3.383}, {'end': 9045.494, 'text': "It's an angel fund, really.", 'start': 9044.553, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 9047.836, 'text': "It's, you know, we start to learn that process.", 'start': 9045.534, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 9048.656, 'text': 'How do we actually do this??', 'start': 9047.876, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 9049.397, 'text': 'How do we get LPs??', 'start': 9048.676, 'duration': 0.721}, {'end': 9051.719, 'text': 'How do we actually go in this direction and build a fund?', 'start': 9049.417, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 9055.562, 'text': "And I'm like every venture fund should have an associated open source research lab.", 'start': 9052.479, 'duration': 3.083}, {'end': 9056.483, 'text': "There's just no reason.", 'start': 9055.722, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 9061.428, 'text': 'Like our venture fund, the carried interest portion of it goes to the lab.', 'start': 9056.563, 'duration': 4.865}, {'end': 9063.189, 'text': 'It directly will fund the lab.', 'start': 9061.928, 'duration': 1.261}], 'summary': 'In 2018, quonset initiate venture fund was created to make open source investable, with the carried interest portion directly funding an associated open source research lab.', 'duration': 27.383, 'max_score': 9035.806, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww9035806.jpg'}, {'end': 9212.148, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9183.024, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 9184.745, 'text': 'And then they have to stitch it together into a solution.', 'start': 9183.024, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 9188.206, 'text': 'Open source is fantastic for gluing those solutions together.', 'start': 9185.922, 'duration': 2.284}, {'end': 9193.035, 'text': "So, whereas they keep getting new platforms, they're trying to buy what most open source.", 'start': 9188.868, 'duration': 4.167}, {'end': 9198.566, 'text': 'what most enterprises want is tools that they can customize that are as inexpensive as they can.', 'start': 9193.035, 'duration': 5.531}, {'end': 9206.267, 'text': "Yeah And so you always want to maintain the connection to the open source because that's so open teams about solving enterprise software problems.", 'start': 9198.925, 'duration': 7.342}, {'end': 9208.707, 'text': 'Brilliant, brilliant idea, by the way, with a connect.', 'start': 9206.727, 'duration': 1.98}, {'end': 9210.748, 'text': 'But we do it honoring the topology.', 'start': 9208.727, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 9212.148, 'text': "We don't hire all the people.", 'start': 9210.968, 'duration': 1.18}], 'summary': 'Open source solutions are customizable and cost-effective for enterprises, facilitating problem-solving in enterprise software.', 'duration': 29.124, 'max_score': 9183.024, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww9183024.jpg'}, {'end': 9316.355, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9286.229, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 9288.63, 'text': 'Like we can really make a place like Open Teams,', 'start': 9286.229, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 9301.32, 'text': "I see as the transmission layer between companies and open source communities producing enterprise software solutions like eventually we want to like today we're taking on SAS and MATLAB and tools that we know we can replace for folks.", 'start': 9288.63, 'duration': 12.69}, {'end': 9307.606, 'text': "Really, any time you have a software tool, an organization where you have to do a lot of customization or make it work for you, it's not.", 'start': 9301.72, 'duration': 5.886}, {'end': 9309.308, 'text': "you're just buying this thing off the shelf and it works.", 'start': 9307.606, 'duration': 1.702}, {'end': 9316.355, 'text': "It's like, OK, you buy the system and you customize a lot, usually with expensive consultants to actually make it work for you.", 'start': 9309.348, 'duration': 7.007}], 'summary': 'Open teams aims to replace sas and matlab with customized enterprise software solutions for companies.', 'duration': 30.126, 'max_score': 9286.229, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww9286229.jpg'}, {'end': 9385.241, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9355.591, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 9356.572, 'text': "That's not the only answer.", 'start': 9355.591, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 9360.033, 'text': 'And so other companies can access this, be more accessible.', 'start': 9357.112, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 9362.694, 'text': "Let's really say Open Team is the future of enterprise software.", 'start': 9360.073, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 9364.554, 'text': "We're still early.", 'start': 9363.914, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 9369.756, 'text': "This idea just percolated over the past year as we've grown QuantSight and realized the extensibility of it.", 'start': 9364.935, 'duration': 4.821}, {'end': 9377.758, 'text': 'We just finished our seed round to help get more salespeople and then push the messaging correctly.', 'start': 9370.436, 'duration': 7.322}, {'end': 9379.839, 'text': "There's lots of tools we're building to make this easier.", 'start': 9378.019, 'duration': 1.82}, {'end': 9381.28, 'text': 'We want to automate the processes.', 'start': 9380.019, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 9385.241, 'text': 'We feel like a lot of the power is the efficiency of the sales process.', 'start': 9381.74, 'duration': 3.501}], 'summary': 'Open team aims to streamline sales processes with new tools and automation after securing funding for expansion.', 'duration': 29.65, 'max_score': 9355.591, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww9355591.jpg'}, {'end': 9425.97, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9396.466, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 9398.087, 'text': 'So make that super seamless.', 'start': 9396.466, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 9401.33, 'text': "So a single company can go, oh, I've got my contract with Open Teams.", 'start': 9398.147, 'duration': 3.183}, {'end': 9402.611, 'text': "We've got a subscription they can get.", 'start': 9401.35, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 9404.933, 'text': 'They can make that procurement seamless.', 'start': 9402.631, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 9409.136, 'text': 'And then the fact they have access to the entire open source ecosystem.', 'start': 9405.293, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 9414.98, 'text': "So we have a part of our work that's embracing open source ecosystems and making sure we're doing things useful for them.", 'start': 9409.196, 'duration': 5.784}, {'end': 9415.661, 'text': "We're serving them.", 'start': 9415.02, 'duration': 0.641}, {'end': 9418.944, 'text': "And then companies making sure they're getting solutions they care about.", 'start': 9416.181, 'duration': 2.763}, {'end': 9421.846, 'text': 'And then figuring out which targets we have.', 'start': 9419.264, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 9425.97, 'text': "We're not taking on all of open source, all of enterprise software yet.", 'start': 9422.066, 'duration': 3.904}], 'summary': 'Open teams provides seamless procurement for companies accessing the open source ecosystem.', 'duration': 29.504, 'max_score': 9396.466, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww9396466.jpg'}], 'start': 8212.534, 'title': 'Challenges and innovations in open source', 'summary': "Discusses challenges in installing machine learning libraries, community engagement in open source projects, quantsight's mission and innovations, and the emergence of open teams as the future of enterprise software.", 'chapters': [{'end': 8391.512, 'start': 8212.534, 'title': 'Challenges of installing machine learning libraries', 'summary': "Discusses the challenges of installing machine learning libraries using pip and conda, highlighting the complexities of handling binary dependencies and the advantages of conda's flexibility and usability. it also emphasizes the prevalence of pip over conda in documentation and the limitations of pip in handling binary dependencies.", 'duration': 178.978, 'highlights': ["The challenges of handling binary dependencies and the advantages of conda's flexibility and usability. Discusses the complexities of handling binary dependencies and the advantages of conda's flexibility and usability, providing insights into the difficulties of installing machine learning libraries.", 'The prevalence of pip over conda in documentation and the limitations of pip in handling binary dependencies. Emphasizes the prevalence of pip over conda in documentation and the limitations of pip in handling binary dependencies, highlighting the need to address these challenges in the installation process.']}, {'end': 8690.937, 'start': 8391.612, 'title': 'Balancing community engagement and governance in open source projects', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of community-driven open source projects, the challenges faced by conda in gaining community adoption, and the need for a hybrid approach using conda and pip for package management, while emphasizing the importance of system package manager integration.', 'duration': 299.325, 'highlights': ['The importance of community-driven open source projects and the need for community engagement and empowerment for projects to succeed virally and become massive influencers. Projects need to get community people on board and become community-driven for viral success.', 'Challenges faced by Conda in gaining community adoption and the need for Conda to be more community-driven to attract more contributors. Conda should push to get more community contributors and developers on board to avoid fighting the battle of adoption.', 'The recommendation of a hybrid approach using Conda and PIP for package management, with a caution against PIP installing certain packages and the need for system package manager integration. Using a hybrid approach to build environments with Conda and then PIP install on top of that, emphasizing the caution in PIP installing certain packages and the need for system package manager integration.']}, {'end': 9286.209, 'start': 8692.017, 'title': "Quantsight's mission and innovations", 'summary': "Revolves around quantsight's mission to connect data to an open economy, its consulting services in the pi data ecosystem, the creation of open teams to drive innovation and business development, and the funding of open source projects through quonset labs and venture fund.", 'duration': 594.192, 'highlights': ["QuantSight's mission is to connect data to an open economy, providing consulting services in the Pi Data ecosystem, including full stack data science support, training, and infrastructure building. QuantSight aims to help people do data science, data engineering, and data management more efficiently through consulting services.", 'The creation of Open Teams aims to drive innovation and business development, connecting enterprise software solutions with the open source community and creating a marketplace for thousands of QuantSight-like organizations. Open Teams serves as a marketplace to connect enterprise software solutions with the open source community and aims to be the enterprise software company of the future.', "Quonset Labs, a non-profit mission funded by QuantSight's profits, focuses on making open source software better and ensures that a portion of the money from QuantSight goes directly to fund Quonset Labs. A portion of QuantSight's profits goes directly to fund Quonset Labs, which focuses on making open source software better.", 'The venture fund, Quonset Initiate, is associated with an open source research lab, aiming to make open source investable and fund the lab through the carried interest portion of the fund. Quonset Initiate is an angel fund associated with an open source research lab and aims to make open source investable.']}, {'end': 9647.505, 'start': 9286.229, 'title': 'Open teams: the future of enterprise software', 'summary': 'Highlights the emergence of open teams as the future of enterprise software, aiming to replace expensive proprietary software customization and streamline sales processes, with a focus on embracing open source ecosystems and making enterprise software more accessible and efficient.', 'duration': 361.276, 'highlights': ['Open Teams aims to replace expensive proprietary software customization Open Teams seeks to replace the need for expensive consultants to customize proprietary software, making enterprise software solutions more cost-effective.', "Focus on embracing open source ecosystems and making enterprise software more accessible and efficient The focus on embracing open source ecosystems and making enterprise software more accessible and efficient is highlighted as a key aspect of Open Teams' vision for the future of enterprise software.", 'Streamlining sales processes to make enterprise software procurement seamless Efforts to streamline sales processes and make enterprise software procurement seamless are a priority for Open Teams, aiming to reduce wasted energy and costs in the sales process.', "Vision of Open Teams as the future of enterprise software The vision of Open Teams as the future of enterprise software is emphasized, with a focus on automating processes, increasing sales efficiency, and serving both open source ecosystems and companies' needs."]}], 'duration': 1434.971, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww8212534.jpg', 'highlights': ["The challenges of handling binary dependencies and the advantages of conda's flexibility and usability.", 'The prevalence of pip over conda in documentation and the limitations of pip in handling binary dependencies.', 'The importance of community-driven open source projects and the need for community engagement and empowerment for projects to succeed virally and become massive influencers.', 'The recommendation of a hybrid approach using Conda and PIP for package management, with a caution against PIP installing certain packages and the need for system package manager integration.', "QuantSight's mission is to connect data to an open economy, providing consulting services in the Pi Data ecosystem, including full stack data science support, training, and infrastructure building.", 'The creation of Open Teams aims to drive innovation and business development, connecting enterprise software solutions with the open source community and creating a marketplace for thousands of QuantSight-like organizations.', "Quonset Labs, a non-profit mission funded by QuantSight's profits, focuses on making open source software better and ensures that a portion of the money from QuantSight goes directly to fund Quonset Labs.", 'The venture fund, Quonset Initiate, is associated with an open source research lab, aiming to make open source investable and fund the lab through the carried interest portion of the fund.', 'Open Teams aims to replace expensive proprietary software customization, making enterprise software solutions more cost-effective.', 'Focus on embracing open source ecosystems and making enterprise software more accessible and efficient.', 'Streamlining sales processes to make enterprise software procurement seamless.', "Vision of Open Teams as the future of enterprise software, with a focus on automating processes, increasing sales efficiency, and serving both open source ecosystems and companies' needs."]}, {'end': 11115.205, 'segs': [{'end': 9709.227, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9688.013, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 9700.299, 'text': 'What have you learned from the interaction with the marketing folks on that kind of – because you gave a great example of something that will obviously be a much better investment in terms of marketing is supporting open source projects.', 'start': 9688.013, 'duration': 12.286}, {'end': 9705.484, 'text': 'The challenge is not dissimilar from the challenge you have in academia at the different colleges.', 'start': 9700.379, 'duration': 5.105}, {'end': 9709.227, 'text': 'Knowledge gets very specific and very channeled.', 'start': 9706.604, 'duration': 2.623}], 'summary': 'Supporting open source projects is a better marketing investment, similar to challenges in academia.', 'duration': 21.214, 'max_score': 9688.013, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww9688013.jpg'}, {'end': 9807.629, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9784.009, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 9790.876, 'text': "or maybe they're studying for what was the best thing that was done in the past decade, and they're just repeating that over and over,", 'start': 9784.009, 'duration': 6.867}, {'end': 9793.358, 'text': 'as opposed to innovating like taking the risk.', 'start': 9790.876, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 9796.82, 'text': 'To me, marketing is taking the big risk.', 'start': 9793.798, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 9797.541, 'text': "That's a great point.", 'start': 9797.061, 'duration': 0.48}, {'end': 9798.642, 'text': 'And being the first one to risk.', 'start': 9797.561, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 9804.686, 'text': "Yeah, there's an aspect of data observation from that risk, right? That's, I think, is shared in what they're doing already.", 'start': 9798.782, 'duration': 5.904}, {'end': 9807.629, 'text': "But it absolutely, it's about, I think it's content.", 'start': 9805.127, 'duration': 2.502}], 'summary': 'Marketing involves taking big risks and being innovative, while also leveraging data for content creation.', 'duration': 23.62, 'max_score': 9784.009, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww9784009.jpg'}, {'end': 9992.125, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9960.523, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 9961.124, 'text': 'Everyone knows people.', 'start': 9960.523, 'duration': 0.601}, {'end': 9961.844, 'text': "There's word of mouth.", 'start': 9961.144, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 9964.206, 'text': 'Word of mouth is so, so powerful.', 'start': 9961.864, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 9964.726, 'text': 'Yeah, exactly.', 'start': 9964.226, 'duration': 0.5}, {'end': 9965.407, 'text': "That's interesting.", 'start': 9964.786, 'duration': 0.621}, {'end': 9967.529, 'text': "Because I think it's the lack of that realization.", 'start': 9965.427, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 9970.571, 'text': "There's this halo effect that influences your general marketing.", 'start': 9967.569, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 9971.712, 'text': 'Right Interesting.', 'start': 9970.591, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 9978.376, 'text': 'For some stupid reason, I do have a platform, and it seems that the reason I have a platform many others like me,', 'start': 9971.772, 'duration': 6.604}, {'end': 9984.26, 'text': 'millions of others is the authenticity, and we get excited, naturally, about stuff.', 'start': 9978.376, 'duration': 5.884}, {'end': 9992.125, 'text': "I don't want to get excited about that iRobot video because it's boring, it's marketing, it's corporate as opposed to.", 'start': 9984.72, 'duration': 7.405}], 'summary': 'Word of mouth is a powerful marketing tool for creating authenticity among millions of people.', 'duration': 31.602, 'max_score': 9960.523, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww9960523.jpg'}, {'end': 10024.035, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9999.383, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 10007.727, 'text': "Yeah, well, there's an aspect that could be benefiting from a culture of modularity, like add-ons, and that could actually dramatically help.", 'start': 9999.383, 'duration': 8.344}, {'end': 10009.228, 'text': "You've seen that over history.", 'start': 10007.867, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 10011.249, 'text': 'I mean, Apple is an example of a company like that.', 'start': 10009.268, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 10018.192, 'text': 'I can see what your point is, is that you have something that needs to be adopted broadly.', 'start': 10011.969, 'duration': 6.223}, {'end': 10019.753, 'text': 'The concept needs to be adopted broadly.', 'start': 10018.253, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 10024.035, 'text': 'And if you want to go beyond this one device, you need to engage this community.', 'start': 10020.053, 'duration': 3.982}], 'summary': "Modularity can benefit add-ons, as seen in apple's history. concept needs broad adoption for community engagement.", 'duration': 24.652, 'max_score': 9999.383, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww9999383.jpg'}, {'end': 10109.543, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10081.279, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 10083.182, 'text': 'One is curiosity.', 'start': 10081.279, 'duration': 1.903}, {'end': 10090.95, 'text': "I think a programmer without curiosity is, uh, mundane, like you'll lose interest.", 'start': 10083.202, 'duration': 7.748}, {'end': 10092.271, 'text': "you won't do your best work.", 'start': 10090.95, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 10092.772, 'text': "so it's sort of.", 'start': 10092.271, 'duration': 0.501}, {'end': 10096.814, 'text': "it's an affect, it's sort of, are you have some curiosity about things?", 'start': 10092.772, 'duration': 4.042}, {'end': 10097.895, 'text': 'i think two.', 'start': 10096.814, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 10099.636, 'text': "don't try to do everything at once.", 'start': 10097.895, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 10100.697, 'text': "recognize that you're.", 'start': 10099.636, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 10104.96, 'text': "you know we're limited as humans, you're limited as a human, and each one of us are limited in different ways.", 'start': 10100.697, 'duration': 4.263}, {'end': 10106.601, 'text': 'you know we all have our different strengths and skills.', 'start': 10104.96, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 10109.543, 'text': "so it's adapting the art of programming to your skills.", 'start': 10106.601, 'duration': 2.942}], 'summary': 'Curiosity is essential for programmers. limitations should be embraced while adapting programming to individual skills.', 'duration': 28.264, 'max_score': 10081.279, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww10081279.jpg'}, {'end': 10249.885, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10221.644, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 10225.347, 'text': "Likely there's signal like there's a thing there that's actually valuable you can learn from,", 'start': 10221.644, 'duration': 3.703}, {'end': 10228.75, 'text': "but it's almost certainly not the answer to everything you need.", 'start': 10225.347, 'duration': 3.403}, {'end': 10236.035, 'text': 'What lessons do you draw from you, having created NumPy and SciPy in service,', 'start': 10228.99, 'duration': 7.045}, {'end': 10242.94, 'text': 'of sort of answering the question of what it takes to be a great programmer and giving advice to people? How can you be the next person to create a SciPy??', 'start': 10236.035, 'duration': 6.905}, {'end': 10244.522, 'text': 'Yeah, so one is, listen.', 'start': 10242.98, 'duration': 1.542}, {'end': 10246.543, 'text': 'To? Listen.', 'start': 10245.703, 'duration': 0.84}, {'end': 10249.885, 'text': 'To who? To people that have a problem.', 'start': 10246.623, 'duration': 3.262}], 'summary': 'Creating numpy and scipy requires listening to people with problems.', 'duration': 28.241, 'max_score': 10221.644, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww10221644.jpg'}, {'end': 10397.324, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10367.572, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 10371.395, 'text': "I've tried a bunch of stuff that, okay, that didn't really work, or this isn't working, and why?", 'start': 10367.572, 'duration': 3.823}, {'end': 10380.159, 'text': "but you see the patterns and, and one of the key things is, You can't even know for six months, I say 18 months right now.", 'start': 10372.035, 'duration': 8.124}, {'end': 10385.201, 'text': "If you're starting a new project, you got to give it a good 18 month run before you even know if the feedback's there.", 'start': 10380.179, 'duration': 5.022}, {'end': 10387.281, 'text': "You're not going to know in six months.", 'start': 10385.221, 'duration': 2.06}, {'end': 10390.962, 'text': "You might have the perfect thing, but six months from now, it's still emerging.", 'start': 10387.841, 'duration': 3.121}, {'end': 10397.324, 'text': "Give it time because you're dealing with humans and humans have an inertial energy that just doesn't change that quickly.", 'start': 10391.662, 'duration': 5.662}], 'summary': 'New projects need 18 months for feedback due to human inertia.', 'duration': 29.752, 'max_score': 10367.572, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww10367572.jpg'}, {'end': 10714.485, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10689.233, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 10697.797, 'text': 'Can you give advice on how to hire great programmers and great people? Yeah, I would say produce an open source project.', 'start': 10689.233, 'duration': 8.564}, {'end': 10701.439, 'text': 'Get people contributing to it and hire those people.', 'start': 10699.398, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 10709.823, 'text': "Yeah I mean, you're doing it sort of, you may be perhaps a little biased, but that's probably 100% really good advice.", 'start': 10701.519, 'duration': 8.304}, {'end': 10711.464, 'text': 'I find it hard to hire.', 'start': 10710.503, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 10712.865, 'text': 'I still find it hard to hire.', 'start': 10711.824, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 10714.485, 'text': 'Like In terms of.', 'start': 10712.905, 'duration': 1.58}], 'summary': 'Hire great programmers by fostering contributions to open source projects for successful recruitment.', 'duration': 25.252, 'max_score': 10689.233, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww10689233.jpg'}, {'end': 10874.347, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10834.598, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 10840.503, 'text': 'Because one of the things that open source communities often lack is great product management, like some product management energy.', 'start': 10834.598, 'duration': 5.905}, {'end': 10841.544, 'text': "That's brilliant.", 'start': 10840.803, 'duration': 0.741}, {'end': 10844.806, 'text': 'But you want both of those energies in the same place together.', 'start': 10841.584, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 10845.827, 'text': 'Yes, you really do.', 'start': 10844.906, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 10851.811, 'text': "And so a lot of it's creating these teams of people that have these needed skills and attributes that are hard.", 'start': 10845.887, 'duration': 5.924}, {'end': 10852.211, 'text': 'And so..', 'start': 10851.931, 'duration': 0.28}, {'end': 10857.438, 'text': 'So one of the big things I look for is somebody that fundamentally recognize their need to learn.', 'start': 10852.972, 'duration': 4.466}, {'end': 10861.043, 'text': 'Like one of the values that we have in all of the things we do is learning.', 'start': 10857.818, 'duration': 3.225}, {'end': 10865.548, 'text': "If somebody thinks they know it all, they're going to struggle.", 'start': 10862.645, 'duration': 2.903}, {'end': 10874.347, 'text': "And some of that is just, there's more basic things like humility, just being humble in the face of all the things you don't know.", 'start': 10866.263, 'duration': 8.084}], 'summary': 'Open source communities lack product management, need teams with needed skills and attributes, value learning and humility.', 'duration': 39.749, 'max_score': 10834.598, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww10834598.jpg'}, {'end': 10953.261, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10925.893, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 10937.981, 'text': 'Do you have advice for young people today in high school, in college, of how to live a life as nonlinear and as successful as yours? Nonlinear.', 'start': 10925.893, 'duration': 12.088}, {'end': 10940.823, 'text': 'A life that they could be proud of.', 'start': 10938.381, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 10942.944, 'text': "Well, that's a super compliment.", 'start': 10941.243, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 10944.145, 'text': "I'm humbled by that, actually.", 'start': 10942.964, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 10953.261, 'text': "I would say, A life that can be proud of, honestly, one thing that I've said to people is, first, find people you love and care about them.", 'start': 10944.165, 'duration': 9.096}], 'summary': 'Advice for young people: find people you love and care about them.', 'duration': 27.368, 'max_score': 10925.893, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww10925893.jpg'}, {'end': 11111.482, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 11011.837, 'weight': 0.723, 'content': [{'end': 11015.579, 'text': "You know, I was a big, I didn't like the Federal Reserve right?", 'start': 11011.837, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 11017.44, 'text': "And there's still.", 'start': 11015.819, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 11020.061, 'text': 'we can have a lot of conversation about monetary policy and finances.', 'start': 11017.44, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 11026.506, 'text': "But but I'm a little more nuanced in my perspective at this point.", 'start': 11020.121, 'duration': 6.385}, {'end': 11031.089, 'text': "But that's one area where you learn about something and go, oh, I want to attack it.", 'start': 11028.067, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 11033.852, 'text': "Build, don't destroy.", 'start': 11032.531, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 11039.276, 'text': 'Build So often the tendency is to not like something and want to go attack it.', 'start': 11035.173, 'duration': 4.103}, {'end': 11040.717, 'text': 'Build something.', 'start': 11040.017, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 11042.038, 'text': 'Build something to replace it.', 'start': 11041.138, 'duration': 0.9}, {'end': 11043.56, 'text': 'Build up.', 'start': 11042.599, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 11044.78, 'text': 'Attract people to your new thing.', 'start': 11043.6, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 11051.152, 'text': "you'll be far better, right? You don't need to destroy something to build something else.", 'start': 11045.649, 'duration': 5.503}, {'end': 11053.773, 'text': "So that's, I guess, generally.", 'start': 11052.592, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 11063.657, 'text': "And then, you know, definitely like curiosity, you know, follow your curiosity and don't just follow the money.", 'start': 11053.793, 'duration': 9.864}, {'end': 11069.64, 'text': 'And all of that, like you said, is grounded in family, friendship, and ultimately love.', 'start': 11064.678, 'duration': 4.962}, {'end': 11074.282, 'text': 'Yes Which is a great way to end it.', 'start': 11070.12, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 11079.824, 'text': "Travis, you're one of the most impactful people in the engineer and the computer science in the human world.", 'start': 11074.702, 'duration': 5.122}, {'end': 11082.965, 'text': "So I truly appreciate everything you've done.", 'start': 11080.004, 'duration': 2.961}, {'end': 11086.807, 'text': 'And I really appreciate that you would spend your valuable time with me.', 'start': 11083.746, 'duration': 3.061}, {'end': 11087.547, 'text': 'It was an honor.', 'start': 11086.987, 'duration': 0.56}, {'end': 11088.668, 'text': 'It was a real pleasure for me.', 'start': 11087.827, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 11089.488, 'text': 'I appreciate that.', 'start': 11088.688, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 11093.348, 'text': 'Thanks for listening to this conversation with Travis Oliphant.', 'start': 11090.506, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 11097.271, 'text': 'To support this podcast, please check out our sponsors in the description.', 'start': 11094.009, 'duration': 3.262}, {'end': 11103.836, 'text': "And now let me leave you with something that in the programming world is called Hodgson's Law.", 'start': 11097.932, 'duration': 5.904}, {'end': 11111.482, 'text': 'Every sufficiently advanced Lisp application will eventually be re-implemented in Python.', 'start': 11105.117, 'duration': 6.365}], 'summary': "Encourages building and creating, not destroying; emphasizes curiosity and love. acknowledges travis oliphant's impact on engineering and computer science.", 'duration': 99.645, 'max_score': 11011.837, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww11011837.jpg'}], 'start': 9648.926, 'title': 'Challenges and importance in open source', 'summary': 'Discusses challenges in marketing open source projects, emphasizing the need for innovative marketing approaches, and the importance of modularity in programming, highlighting the impact of creating innovative programs like numpy and scipy. it also emphasizes the significance of patience and persistence in projects, suggesting a minimum of 18 months to assess feedback, and the dichotomy between open source contributors and product creators, along with advice for young individuals to live a successful and fulfilling life.', 'chapters': [{'end': 9998.77, 'start': 9648.926, 'title': 'Challenges in marketing open source projects', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges of marketing open source projects, including the difficulty in aligning open source support with marketing strategies, the need for innovative and authentic marketing approaches, and the power of word-of-mouth and authenticity in marketing.', 'duration': 349.844, 'highlights': ['Marketing open source projects can be challenging due to the difficulty in aligning open source support with marketing strategies, as it requires tying the message to an ROI for the company and making rational arguments to justify the investment. N/A', 'Innovative and authentic marketing approaches are crucial, as traditional marketing practices may lack novelty and fail to anticipate the future, emphasizing the importance of taking risks and being the first to innovate. N/A', 'Word-of-mouth marketing is highlighted as a powerful tool, as authenticity and excitement about a product can influence general marketing through a halo effect. N/A']}, {'end': 10354.744, 'start': 9999.383, 'title': 'The importance of modularity in programming', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of modularity in programming, emphasizing the need for broad adoption, the qualities of a good programmer, and the impact of creating innovative programs like numpy and scipy.', 'duration': 355.361, 'highlights': ['The importance of modularity in programming and the need for broad adoption. The chapter emphasizes the benefits of a culture of modularity, like add-ons, and the impact it can have, using Apple as an example.', "Qualities of a good programmer, including curiosity, the ability to limit tasks, and the use of other people's work. The chapter highlights qualities of a good programmer, such as curiosity, the ability to limit tasks, and the utilization of other people's work, like copying and pasting from Stack Overflow.", 'Lessons from creating innovative programs like NumPy and SciPy, emphasizing the importance of listening, experimenting, and iterating. The chapter draws lessons from creating NumPy and SciPy, focusing on the importance of listening, experimenting, and iterating, and the need to not be afraid of initial failures.']}, {'end': 10776.98, 'start': 10354.744, 'title': 'Patience and persistence in projects', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of patience and persistence in projects, suggesting a minimum of 18 months to assess feedback, and recommends hiring based on open source project contributions.', 'duration': 422.236, 'highlights': ['The significance of giving a project a good 18-month run for feedback assessment, as it takes time to see emerging patterns and changes in human behavior.', 'The recommendation to hire great programmers and people by producing an open source project and hiring those who contribute to it.', 'The challenges in hiring and the limitations of assessing candidates solely based on resumes due to the presentation of desired traits rather than the reality.']}, {'end': 11115.205, 'start': 10776.98, 'title': 'Open source and product creation', 'summary': "Discusses the dichotomy between open source contributors and product creators, the need for both open source and product management energy in teams, and the importance of humility and continuous learning in one's career path, along with advice for young individuals to live a successful and fulfilling life.", 'duration': 338.225, 'highlights': ['The dichotomy between open source contributors and product creators, the need for both open source and product management energy in teams There seems to be a dichotomy where the more experience someone has in the open source community, the less ability they have to produce products, and vice versa. It is important to have both open source and product management energy in the same place.', "The importance of humility and continuous learning in one's career path It is crucial for individuals to recognize the need to learn and be humble in the face of all the things they don't know. Continuous learning and humility are essential in career development.", 'Advice for young individuals to live a successful and fulfilling life Travis advises young individuals to prioritize finding people they love and care about, commit to them, and not settle on what they think they know. He emphasizes the importance of curiosity and building rather than destroying.']}], 'duration': 1466.279, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/gFEE3w7F0ww/pics/gFEE3w7F0ww9648926.jpg', 'highlights': ['Marketing open source projects can be challenging due to the difficulty in aligning open source support with marketing strategies, as it requires tying the message to an ROI for the company and making rational arguments to justify the investment.', 'Innovative and authentic marketing approaches are crucial, as traditional marketing practices may lack novelty and fail to anticipate the future, emphasizing the importance of taking risks and being the first to innovate.', 'Word-of-mouth marketing is highlighted as a powerful tool, as authenticity and excitement about a product can influence general marketing through a halo effect.', 'The importance of modularity in programming and the need for broad adoption, emphasizing the benefits of a culture of modularity, like add-ons, and the impact it can have, using Apple as an example.', "Qualities of a good programmer, including curiosity, the ability to limit tasks, and the use of other people's work, like copying and pasting from Stack Overflow.", 'Lessons from creating innovative programs like NumPy and SciPy, emphasizing the importance of listening, experimenting, and iterating, and the need to not be afraid of initial failures.', 'The significance of giving a project a good 18-month run for feedback assessment, as it takes time to see emerging patterns and changes in human behavior.', 'The recommendation to hire great programmers and people by producing an open source project and hiring those who contribute to it.', 'The dichotomy between open source contributors and product creators, the need for both open source and product management energy in teams.', "The importance of humility and continuous learning in one's career path, emphasizing the need to learn and be humble in the face of all the things they don't know.", 'Advice for young individuals to live a successful and fulfilling life, prioritizing finding people they love and care about, committing to them, and emphasizing the importance of curiosity and building rather than destroying.']}], 'highlights': ['Travis Oliphant created NumPy, SciPy, and Anaconda, which have had immeasurable impact on millions of lives.', 'NumPy formed the foundation of tensor-based machine learning in Python.', 'SciPy formed the foundation of scientific programming in Python and Anaconda, specifically with Conda, made Python more accessible to a much larger audience.', "Travis's kindness combined with vision and ambition makes him a great leader and a great person to chat with.", 'The creation of SciPy, over two decades ago, aimed to fill critical gaps in scientific computing by providing tools for ordinary differential equations, integration, optimization, and other essential functions that were missing in existing libraries.', 'The speaker first encountered Python in 1997 during graduate studies in biomedical engineering at the Mayo Clinic, which became a pivotal moment in their programming journey.', "The split between Numeric and Numeray led to the author's frustration, motivating him to create NumPy.", 'The author decided to merge Numeric and Numeray to create NumPy, leveraging his experience and knowledge within the community.', "The author's pivotal role in creating NumPy was influenced by his previous contributions to numeric, including writing the CAPI documentation.", "NumPy's pivotal role in the adoption of Python for data science and the scientific community's shift towards utilizing computer tools at a larger scale led by Python.", "The unsung heroes' critical support and encouragement in the development of NumPy, with individuals like Francesc, Alt-Head, Robert Kern, and Charles Harris being instrumental.", 'Numba enables implicit looping and parallelization in Python, enhancing computation efficiency.', 'Vectorization in NumPy allows for massive computation with easy parallelization.', "Nations that code together don't go to war together, emphasizing the potential role of collaboration in preventing major military conflicts at the cyber level.", 'Numba Pro was developed to translate Python bytecode to LLVM and target GPUs, achieving 1000x speed increase in 2012-2013.', "The challenges of handling binary dependencies and the advantages of conda's flexibility and usability.", 'The importance of community-driven open source projects and the need for community engagement and empowerment for projects to succeed virally and become massive influencers.', 'Marketing open source projects can be challenging due to the difficulty in aligning open source support with marketing strategies, as it requires tying the message to an ROI for the company and making rational arguments to justify the investment.', 'Innovative and authentic marketing approaches are crucial, as traditional marketing practices may lack novelty and fail to anticipate the future, emphasizing the importance of taking risks and being the first to innovate.']}