title
Python for Beginners | Python Full Course [2024] | Python Tutorial | Edureka

description
𝐄𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐤𝐚 𝐏𝐲𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐧 𝐅𝐮𝐥𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐞 (Use Code "𝐘𝐎𝐔𝐓𝐔𝐁𝐄𝟐𝟎"): https://www.edureka.co/python-programming-certification-training This Edureka "𝐏𝐲𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐧 𝐅𝐮𝐥𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐞" video will help you learn the Python programming language and core python concepts with examples from scratch. This Python for Beginners tutorial is the best video to start learning Python programming language with examples. Below are the topics covered in this Python for Beginners video: 00:00:00 Introduction to 𝐏𝐲𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐧 𝐅𝐮𝐥𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐞 00:02:18 What is Python? 00:03:16 Why is python popular 00:04:32 Features of python 00:06:27 Where is python used in the industry 00:07:25 Learning path 00:08:52 career opportunities 00:09:59 Python installation 00:13:01 Naming conventions 00:13:37 Python Variables 00:18:19 Datatypes in python 00:23:11 Flow control( loops, conditional statements, loop control statements) 00:24:20 Conditional statements 00:34:17 Python Loops 00:47:06 Python Functions 00:59:10 Python data structures 01:17:52 Algorithms 01:55:18 OOPs in python ( class, objects, methods ) 02:06:53 Inheritance 02:15:24 polymorphism 02:19:44 Encapsulation 02:27:00 Abstraction 02:31:34 What are Comments in Python 02:41:00 Operators in Python 02:41:56 Variables and Datatypes 03:03:58 Tuples in Python 03:17:10 Sets in Python 03:32:30 Dictionary Vs List 03:38:17 Use Cases 03:46:44 Loops in Python 04:30:22 Functions in Python 05:26:55 Arrays in Python 05:32:28 Accessing Array Elements 05:48:30 Looping through an Array 05:52:11 INheritence in Python 05:55:07 Init Function 05:58:07 Types of Inheritance 06:06:08 Exception handling in python 06:08:53 Process of Exception handling 06:24:55 Requests in Python 06:33:13 Cookies and Headers 06:35:02 Session Object 06:48:00 DateTime Module 06:52:58 Python RegEX 07:03:28 Regular Expression Operations 07:34:10 File Handling in Python 07:57:45 How to Connect Python with MySQL DB 08:21:59 Socket Programming in Python 08:36:57 Transferring Objects in Python 08:41:35 Numpy Python 08:51:48 Numpy Operations 09:12:18 Python Pandas 10:13:10 Plotting with Pandas 10:14:42 Python Matplotlib 10:16:42 What is Data Visualization 10:47:28 Python Interview Questions and Answers 10:47:40 Basic Python Interview Questions 11:25:12 Python Django Interview Questions 11:38:45 We Scraping Using Python Interview Questions 🔴 Subscribe to our channel to get video updates. Hit the subscribe button above: https://goo.gl/6ohpTV 🔴 𝐄𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐤𝐚 𝐎𝐧𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 🔵 DevOps Online Training: http://bit.ly/3VkBRUT 🌕 AWS Online Training: http://bit.ly/3ADYwDY 🔵 React Online Training: http://bit.ly/3Vc4yDw 🌕 Tableau Online Training: http://bit.ly/3guTe6J 🔵 Power BI Online Training: http://bit.ly/3VntjMY 🌕 Selenium Online Training: http://bit.ly/3EVDtis 🔵 PMP Online Training: http://bit.ly/3XugO44 🌕 Salesforce Online Training: http://bit.ly/3OsAXDH 🔵 Cybersecurity Online Training: http://bit.ly/3tXgw8t 🌕 Java Online Training: http://bit.ly/3tRxghg 🔵 Big Data Online Training: http://bit.ly/3EvUqP5 🌕 RPA Online Training: http://bit.ly/3GFHKYB 🔵 Python Online Training: http://bit.ly/3Oubt8M 🌕 Azure Online Training: http://bit.ly/3i4P85F 🔵 GCP Online Training: http://bit.ly/3VkCzS3 🌕 Microservices Online Training: http://bit.ly/3gxYqqv 🔵 Data Science Online Training: http://bit.ly/3V3nLrc 🌕 CEHv12 Online Training: http://bit.ly/3Vhq8Hj 🔵 Angular Online Training: http://bit.ly/3EYcCTe 🔴 𝐄𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐤𝐚 𝐑𝐨𝐥𝐞-𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐞𝐬 🔵 DevOps Engineer Masters Program: http://bit.ly/3Oud9PC 🌕 Cloud Architect Masters Program: http://bit.ly/3OvueZy 🔵 Data Scientist Masters Program: http://bit.ly/3tUAOiT 🌕 Big Data Architect Masters Program: http://bit.ly/3tTWT0V 🔵 Machine Learning Engineer Masters Program: http://bit.ly/3AEq4c4 🌕 Business Intelligence Masters Program: http://bit.ly/3UZPqJz 🔵 Python Developer Masters Program: http://bit.ly/3EV6kDv 🌕 Computer Science Bootcamp Program : http://bit.ly/3UZxPBy 🔵 Cyber Security Masters Program: http://bit.ly/3U25rNR 🌕 Full Stack Developer Masters Program : http://bit.ly/3tWCE2S 🔵 Automation Testing Engineer Masters Program : http://bit.ly/3AGXg2J 🌕 Python Developer Masters Program : https://bit.ly/3EV6kDv 🔵 Azure Cloud Engineer Masters Program: http://bit.ly/3AEBHzH 🔴 𝐄𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐤𝐚 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐬 🌕 Professional Certificate Program in DevOps with Purdue University: https://bit.ly/3Ov52lT 🔵 Advanced Certificate Program in Data Science with E&ICT Academy, IIT Guwahati: http://bit.ly/3V7ffrh 📢📢 𝐓𝐨𝐩 𝟏𝟎 𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐧 𝐢𝐧 2023 𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 📢📢 ⏩ NEW Top 10 Technologies To Learn In 2023 - https://youtu.be/udD_GQVDt5g Got a question on the topic? Please share it in the comment section below and our experts will answer it for you. Please write back to us at sales@edureka.co or call us at IND: 9606058406 / US: 18338555775 (toll-free) for more information.

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{'title': 'Python for Beginners | Python Full Course [2024] | Python Tutorial | Edureka', 'heatmap': [], 'summary': 'Titled 《python for beginners | python full course [2024] | python tutorial | edureka》 provides a comprehensive python full course, covering fundamentals, advanced concepts, essential modules like numpy and pandas crucial for ai, ml, and data science. it aims to prepare viewers for job interviews and includes detailed discussions on python data manipulation, data structures, algorithms, object-oriented programming, basics, functions, built-in functions, arrays, inheritance, exception handling, regular expressions, file handling, mysql integration, socket and client-server communication, numpy array operations, pandas data manipulation, data visualization, programming concepts and techniques, data analysis, and manipulation.', 'chapters': [{'end': 435.409, 'segs': [{'end': 247.475, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 176.975, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 183.981, 'text': 'make it an ideal language for scripting and rapid application development in many areas on most platforms.', 'start': 176.975, 'duration': 7.006}, {'end': 190.406, 'text': 'And with that, we can see why we use Python, right? The number one point would be the applications.', 'start': 184.681, 'duration': 5.725}, {'end': 201.377, 'text': 'Python is a very versatile programming language, ranging from application development to web design, game design, UI UX development, data science,', 'start': 190.947, 'duration': 10.43}, {'end': 203.92, 'text': 'machine learning, automation, etc.', 'start': 201.377, 'duration': 2.543}, {'end': 206.062, 'text': "There's also the point of simplified syntax.", 'start': 204.1, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 211.406, 'text': "If you usually work with languages like Java, C++, etc., you'll get me.", 'start': 206.522, 'duration': 4.884}, {'end': 214.749, 'text': 'Python is one of the simplest languages you can learn.', 'start': 211.866, 'duration': 2.883}, {'end': 217.831, 'text': "And this fact doesn't impact any of the features.", 'start': 214.949, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 221.234, 'text': 'It is just as good as all the other options that you have.', 'start': 218.271, 'duration': 2.963}, {'end': 223.716, 'text': "And the only thing is, it's a lot simpler.", 'start': 221.674, 'duration': 2.042}, {'end': 226.638, 'text': 'The third point is well-built packages.', 'start': 224.176, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 229.32, 'text': "Now don't worry if you don't know what packages are.", 'start': 227.098, 'duration': 2.222}, {'end': 230.681, 'text': "I'll cover that later.", 'start': 229.781, 'duration': 0.9}, {'end': 239.028, 'text': 'The only thing that you need to know right now is that packages have the ability to replace hundreds of lines of code with just a single line of code.', 'start': 231.082, 'duration': 7.946}, {'end': 241.31, 'text': "I'll show you how to do that later in this video.", 'start': 239.308, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 246.013, 'text': 'And the fourth point that I want to stress on is the highly supportive community.', 'start': 242.17, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 247.475, 'text': 'Look, I get it.', 'start': 246.694, 'duration': 0.781}], 'summary': "Python's versatility makes it ideal for scripting and rapid app development, with applications spanning web design, game design, data science, and more, supported by simplified syntax and well-built packages, and backed by a highly supportive community.", 'duration': 70.5, 'max_score': 176.975, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN8176975.jpg'}], 'start': 10.182, 'title': 'Python full course overview', 'summary': 'Covers a comprehensive python full course including the fundamentals, advanced concepts, and essential modules like numpy and pandas, crucial for ai, ml, and data science, aiming to prepare viewers for job interviews.', 'chapters': [{'end': 126.011, 'start': 10.182, 'title': 'Python full course overview', 'summary': 'Covers a comprehensive python full course including python fundamentals, core concepts, object-oriented programming, advanced concepts, file handling, database technologies, and essential modules like numpy and pandas, crucial for ai, ml, and data science, with the aim to prepare viewers for job interviews.', 'duration': 115.829, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers a comprehensive Python full course including Python fundamentals, core concepts, object-oriented programming, advanced concepts, file handling, database technologies, and essential modules like NumPy and Pandas, crucial for AI, ML, and Data Science, with the aim to prepare viewers for job interviews.', 'The video will start with Python fundamentals, covering what Python is, how to use it, install it, and work with it, followed by core concepts, loops, object-oriented programming, arrays, advanced Python concepts, file handling, database technologies, and essential modules like NumPy and Pandas.', 'The course aims to equip viewers with essential knowledge and skills to excel in AI, ML, and Data Science, and aid in job preparation, as indicated by the inclusion of interview questions and answers at the end of the video.', 'The importance of libraries like NumPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib is highlighted as crucial for viewers interested in advancing in AI, ML, and Data Science, indicating the practical application and relevance of the course content.', 'The video encourages engagement with the channel by requesting viewers to like, subscribe, and hit the bell icon for regular updates, and also promotes training programs and certification courses available on the website through the links provided in the description.']}, {'end': 247.475, 'start': 126.832, 'title': 'Python fundamentals and applications', 'summary': 'Covers the fundamentals of python, highlighting its ranking as the number one programming language, its versatile applications, simplified syntax, and well-built packages which can replace hundreds of lines of code, along with its highly supportive community.', 'duration': 120.643, 'highlights': ['Python has been ranked the number one programming language in TOB Index and is used by largest tech companies like Pinterest, Spotify, YouTube, Instagram.', 'Python has versatile applications including application development, web design, game design, UI UX development, data science, machine learning, and automation.', 'Python is one of the simplest languages to learn and does not compromise on features.', "Python's well-built packages have the ability to replace hundreds of lines of code with just a single line of code."]}, {'end': 435.409, 'start': 247.975, 'title': 'Getting started with python and anaconda', 'summary': 'Discusses getting started with python and anaconda, emphasizing the ease of installation and its interactive community, and the tutorial being a hands-on session working with anaconda navigator and jupyter notebook.', 'duration': 187.434, 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the ease of installation of Anaconda distribution, recommending it as the easiest way to set up the Python ecosystem.', 'The chapter highlights the importance of Anaconda Navigator, which provides a collection of IDEs and code editors, environments for managing packages, educational resources, and a supportive community.', 'The chapter recommends following the installation procedure for Anaconda, including registering Anaconda 3 as the default Python 3.9 to enable other IDEs to recognize the installed Python.', 'The chapter stresses the engaging and interactive community support offered by Python, making it one of the most engaging communities for addressing programming issues.']}], 'duration': 425.227, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN810182.jpg', 'highlights': ['The course covers a comprehensive Python full course including Python fundamentals, core concepts, object-oriented programming, advanced concepts, file handling, database technologies, and essential modules like NumPy and Pandas, crucial for AI, ML, and Data Science, with the aim to prepare viewers for job interviews.', 'Python has versatile applications including application development, web design, game design, UI UX development, data science, machine learning, and automation.', 'The chapter emphasizes the ease of installation of Anaconda distribution, recommending it as the easiest way to set up the Python ecosystem.', 'Python has been ranked the number one programming language in TOB Index and is used by largest tech companies like Pinterest, Spotify, YouTube, Instagram.']}, {'end': 2751.622, 'segs': [{'end': 520.385, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 493.012, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 498.359, 'text': "if you've gotten till here, then congratulations, because you just created your first python project.", 'start': 493.012, 'duration': 5.347}, {'end': 509.659, 'text': 'In this section we will see what variables and data types are in Python.', 'start': 505.356, 'duration': 4.303}, {'end': 515.203, 'text': "Variables are nothing but values that are temporarily stored in your computer's memory.", 'start': 510.199, 'duration': 5.004}, {'end': 516.784, 'text': 'Let me show you how to do this.', 'start': 515.643, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 520.385, 'text': "To begin with a variable, you first type the variable's name.", 'start': 517.384, 'duration': 3.001}], 'summary': 'Learn about variables and data types in python, creating your first project.', 'duration': 27.373, 'max_score': 493.012, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN8493012.jpg'}, {'end': 596.516, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 567.173, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 573.678, 'text': 'Then if I come back to a second statement, just age, you can see that the execution gives me the result 50.', 'start': 567.173, 'duration': 6.505}, {'end': 576.221, 'text': 'This means that age has been updated.', 'start': 573.678, 'duration': 2.543}, {'end': 580.905, 'text': "So it's a good idea to always keep track of all the updated variables in your code.", 'start': 576.541, 'duration': 4.364}, {'end': 584.57, 'text': 'Let us continue by declaring a few more variables.', 'start': 581.949, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 586.971, 'text': "Let's say temperature equal to 35.8.", 'start': 585.191, 'duration': 1.78}, {'end': 596.516, 'text': 'In Python, you can declare floating point variables which is nothing but numbers with a decimal point and also whole numbers.', 'start': 586.971, 'duration': 9.545}], 'summary': "Executing second statement updates 'age' to 50. always keep track of updated variables. declare floating point variables in python.", 'duration': 29.343, 'max_score': 567.173, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN8567173.jpg'}, {'end': 738.575, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 712.541, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 722.427, 'text': 'If you want to check the data type of all these variables, what you will need to do is say type open brackets and then type the variable name.', 'start': 712.541, 'duration': 9.886}, {'end': 727.589, 'text': 'if you execute the statement, then you will see that age is an integer data type.', 'start': 722.427, 'duration': 5.162}, {'end': 734.933, 'text': 'you can do the same for temp and you can see that it returns float, which is a floating point variable.', 'start': 727.589, 'duration': 7.344}, {'end': 738.575, 'text': 'this just means that there is a decimal point in that number.', 'start': 734.933, 'duration': 3.642}], 'summary': 'Check data type of variables: age is an integer, temp is a float.', 'duration': 26.034, 'max_score': 712.541, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN8712541.jpg'}, {'end': 799.021, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 767.415, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 775.222, 'text': 'What you need to do is type name of the data type you want to convert it into and then you open brackets and then you type the variable name.', 'start': 767.415, 'duration': 7.807}, {'end': 779.125, 'text': 'So now you have converted age into a floating point value.', 'start': 775.502, 'duration': 3.623}, {'end': 781.087, 'text': 'You can see the decimal point over here.', 'start': 779.465, 'duration': 1.622}, {'end': 783.969, 'text': 'This concept is helpful in many situations.', 'start': 781.507, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 799.021, 'text': 'For example, if I want to say print age of xyz is plus age and execute the statement, you will see a type error can only concatenate str,', 'start': 784.57, 'duration': 14.451}], 'summary': 'Convert age to float data type and use in concatenation.', 'duration': 31.606, 'max_score': 767.415, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN8767415.jpg'}, {'end': 873.621, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 844.151, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 848.934, 'text': 'You can pause the video over here, take a few minutes and then come back and see what the solution is.', 'start': 844.151, 'duration': 4.783}, {'end': 861.158, 'text': 'Now you must have gotten stuck while receiving input, right? Doing this is super easy in Python.', 'start': 855.677, 'duration': 5.481}, {'end': 869.58, 'text': 'What you need to do is type input and then open brackets and inside those brackets, you can give any message to your user.', 'start': 861.858, 'duration': 7.722}, {'end': 873.621, 'text': 'For example, enter your birth year.', 'start': 869.96, 'duration': 3.661}], 'summary': 'Learn how to receive input in python by using the input function.', 'duration': 29.47, 'max_score': 844.151, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN8844151.jpg'}, {'end': 1135.807, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1110.93, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1119.972, 'text': 'And if you execute this now, you can see that all the characters, all the individual characters have been converted to the smaller case letters.', 'start': 1110.93, 'duration': 9.042}, {'end': 1126.773, 'text': 'Now, if you type .isLower continuing this, then you can see that it returns true.', 'start': 1120.552, 'duration': 6.221}, {'end': 1131.834, 'text': 'You also have other methods like title.upper.', 'start': 1127.153, 'duration': 4.681}, {'end': 1135.807, 'text': 'which returns all of the characters in uppercase letters.', 'start': 1132.403, 'duration': 3.404}], 'summary': 'Code converts characters to lowercase and checks if they are lowercase, and also provides a method to convert characters to uppercase.', 'duration': 24.877, 'max_score': 1110.93, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN81110930.jpg'}, {'end': 1635.977, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1612.985, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1621.37, 'text': 'So now we have age 25 must be greater than 10 and age must be less than 30.', 'start': 1612.985, 'duration': 8.385}, {'end': 1624.371, 'text': 'So if you execute this, you will get this as true.', 'start': 1621.37, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 1632.075, 'text': 'The thing with AND operator is that both the left side of the operator and the right side of the operator must be satisfied.', 'start': 1624.931, 'duration': 7.144}, {'end': 1635.977, 'text': 'Another thing we have is the OR operator.', 'start': 1632.915, 'duration': 3.062}], 'summary': 'Age 25 must be >10 and <30, resulting in true. and operator requires both sides to be satisfied.', 'duration': 22.992, 'max_score': 1612.985, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN81612985.jpg'}, {'end': 2133.267, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2101.655, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2110.302, 'text': 'so if you say i equal to string and then i has the value 1, then this will be printed once, and if i equal to 2, it will be printed twice.', 'start': 2101.655, 'duration': 8.647}, {'end': 2113.085, 'text': 'i equal to 3, then it will be printed thrice, and so on.', 'start': 2110.302, 'duration': 2.783}, {'end': 2125.565, 'text': 'earlier in the video i introduced you to the data types in python.', 'start': 2120.804, 'duration': 4.761}, {'end': 2133.267, 'text': 'this included numbers like integers, floating point variables, strings and boolean.', 'start': 2125.565, 'duration': 7.702}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating variable usage and data types in python, including integers, floating point variables, strings, and booleans.', 'duration': 31.612, 'max_score': 2101.655, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN82101655.jpg'}, {'end': 2664.035, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2631.831, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2636.177, 'text': 'now we can also Give two values over here, say 5 to 10.', 'start': 2631.831, 'duration': 4.346}, {'end': 2640.242, 'text': 'This will return a value from 5 to 10, 10 excluded.', 'start': 2636.177, 'duration': 4.065}, {'end': 2643.107, 'text': 'So it will be 5 to 9.', 'start': 2640.603, 'duration': 2.504}, {'end': 2643.567, 'text': 'There you go.', 'start': 2643.107, 'duration': 0.46}, {'end': 2647.152, 'text': 'You have the values 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.', 'start': 2643.848, 'duration': 3.304}, {'end': 2649.516, 'text': 'You can also add a third value over here.', 'start': 2647.152, 'duration': 2.364}, {'end': 2650.741, 'text': 'like, say, 2.', 'start': 2649.98, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 2654.805, 'text': 'This is the number of steps it will take per iteration.', 'start': 2650.741, 'duration': 4.064}, {'end': 2657.168, 'text': 'The default over here is 1.', 'start': 2655.466, 'duration': 1.702}, {'end': 2664.035, 'text': 'That is why you can get a difference of 1 over here, right? But if you say 2, then it will go from 5 to 7 to 9.', 'start': 2657.168, 'duration': 6.867}], 'summary': 'Using the range function with step size to generate values from 5 to 9, incrementing by 2.', 'duration': 32.204, 'max_score': 2631.831, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN82631831.jpg'}], 'start': 435.93, 'title': 'Python fundamentals and data manipulation', 'summary': 'Covers creating python projects, understanding variables, python data types, string operations, arithmetic and logical operators, loops, lists, list methods, and tuples, with examples and key points such as data type conversion, operator precedence, and list manipulation, along with quantifiable data like arithmetic operations and looping examples.', 'chapters': [{'end': 586.971, 'start': 435.93, 'title': 'Creating python project and understanding variables', 'summary': 'Covers creating a python project by creating and running a python file, and understanding variables and data types in python, including creating, assigning, and updating variables. it also demonstrates running a simple program to print a message.', 'duration': 151.041, 'highlights': ['Creating and running a Python file to print a message The transcript covers creating a new file in the desktop folder to run Python code, typing a simple program to print a message, and running the program to display the message.', "Understanding variables and data types in Python The chapter explains variables as temporarily stored values in computer memory, demonstrates creating a variable, assigning it a value, updating the value, and accessing the variable's value in the code."]}, {'end': 1268.741, 'start': 586.971, 'title': 'Python data types and string operations', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of python data types including floating point, whole numbers, strings, and boolean values, as well as how to convert between data types and handle string operations, with key points including the importance of quotes for string values, the case sensitivity of python, and the use of methods for string manipulation.', 'duration': 681.77, 'highlights': ['Python requires you to surround string values with quotes either double or single, and it is case sensitive. Python requires string values to be surrounded by quotes, either double or single, and is case sensitive, as demonstrated by the difference in behavior when using capital or small letters for boolean values.', 'The chapter explains the process of converting between data types, such as converting age into a floating point variable and the importance of enhancing code readability. The process of converting between data types is explained, including the conversion of age into a floating point variable, and the importance of enhancing code readability by using underscores in variable names.', "The importance of converting variables into string data type to concatenate with other strings is demonstrated, along with the use of the 'str' function for this purpose. The importance of converting variables into string data type is demonstrated, highlighting the use of the 'str' function to allow concatenation with other strings.", 'The tutorial covers string operations in Python, including the use of string methods for manipulation, such as converting characters to lower or upper case, finding characters, and replacing words in a string. The tutorial covers various string operations in Python, demonstrating the use of string methods for manipulation, such as converting characters to lower or upper case, finding characters, and replacing words in a string.']}, {'end': 1839.97, 'start': 1275.765, 'title': 'Python arithmetic and logical operators', 'summary': 'Covers arithmetic operators including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, and power, with examples like 10 plus 3 equals 13, and also explains the concept of operator precedence. it further discusses comparison operators such as greater than, less than, equality, and not equal to, as well as logical operators like and, or, and not, and concludes with an overview of if statements in python.', 'duration': 564.205, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers arithmetic operators including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, and power, with examples like 10 plus 3 equals 13, and also explains the concept of operator precedence. It explains arithmetic operators such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, and power and provides an example of 10 plus 3 equals 13.', 'It further discusses comparison operators such as greater than, less than, equality, and not equal to, as well as logical operators like AND, OR, and NOT. The chapter discusses comparison operators including greater than, less than, equality, and not equal to, as well as logical operators like AND, OR, and NOT.', 'The chapter concludes with an overview of if statements in Python. The chapter concludes with an overview of if statements in Python, which are used for decision-making in programs.']}, {'end': 2435.552, 'start': 1840.63, 'title': 'Python loops, lists, and list methods', 'summary': 'Covers python loops, including while loop and using loops to print numbers and patterns, lists, including creating, accessing, and slicing lists, and list methods for adding, removing, and checking elements, highlighting the importance of these concepts for efficient coding and problem-solving.', 'duration': 594.922, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers Python loops, including while loop and using loops to print numbers and patterns. It demonstrates using while loop to print numbers, emphasizing the efficiency of using loops for repetitive tasks.', 'Lists are introduced, including creating, accessing, and slicing lists. It shows the process of creating lists with various elements, accessing individual elements, and slicing to obtain specific ranges of values within the list.', 'The chapter explores list methods for adding, removing, and checking elements, highlighting the importance of these concepts for efficient coding and problem-solving. It explains the usage of list methods such as append, insert, and in operator for adding, removing, and checking the existence of elements in a list, emphasizing their role in efficient coding and problem-solving.']}, {'end': 2751.622, 'start': 2436.113, 'title': 'Python looping and tuples', 'summary': 'Describes for loops, while loops, the range function, and tuples in python, with examples and explanations of their usage and differences.', 'duration': 315.509, 'highlights': ['The chapter describes for loops and their usage in Python, providing an example to iterate over a list of numbers individually. It explains the for loop syntax and its usage to iterate over a list of numbers individually, providing a clear example of how to achieve this.', 'The chapter explains the range function in Python, demonstrating how it generates a range of values and how to iterate through it using a loop. It details the range function in Python, illustrating how it generates a range of values and provides an example of iterating through the function using a loop.', 'The chapter introduces the concept of tuples in Python, highlighting their immutability and differences from lists, and demonstrates their usage and methods. It introduces tuples in Python, emphasizing their immutability and differences from lists, and demonstrates their usage and available methods with a clear example.']}], 'duration': 2315.692, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN8435930.jpg', 'highlights': ['Covers creating and running a Python file to print a message', 'Explains variables as temporarily stored values in computer memory', 'Covers string operations in Python, including the use of string methods for manipulation', 'Explains arithmetic operators such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, and power', 'Discusses comparison operators including greater than, less than, equality, and not equal to, as well as logical operators like AND, OR, and NOT', 'Concludes with an overview of if statements in Python', 'Covers Python loops, including while loop and using loops to print numbers and patterns', 'Introduces lists, including creating, accessing, and slicing lists', 'Explores list methods for adding, removing, and checking elements', 'Describes for loops and their usage in Python', 'Explains the range function in Python and demonstrates how it generates a range of values', 'Introduces the concept of tuples in Python, highlighting their immutability and differences from lists']}, {'end': 4418.399, 'segs': [{'end': 2783.373, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2752.369, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2756.211, 'text': 'Well, I agree that we will be working with lists most of the time,', 'start': 2752.369, 'duration': 3.842}, {'end': 2764.214, 'text': "but there are certain situations where you wouldn't want someone or yourself to accidentally change the data in your list right?", 'start': 2756.211, 'duration': 8.003}, {'end': 2766.575, 'text': 'That is where you will use tuples.', 'start': 2764.854, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 2776.959, 'text': 'So now moving on towards the next topic of the session, which is functions in Python.', 'start': 2772.857, 'duration': 4.102}, {'end': 2783.373, 'text': "Before discussing what exactly our functions, let's figure out why do we need python functions?", 'start': 2777.771, 'duration': 5.602}], 'summary': 'Lists used mostly, but tuples prevent accidental data changes. next topic: python functions.', 'duration': 31.004, 'max_score': 2752.369, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN82752369.jpg'}, {'end': 2911.672, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2881.135, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2884.076, 'text': 'So taking a look at each of these in detail.', 'start': 2881.135, 'duration': 2.941}, {'end': 2885.917, 'text': 'so python built-in functions.', 'start': 2884.076, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 2890.239, 'text': 'built-in functions are nothing but the functions that are provided by the python interpreter.', 'start': 2885.917, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 2895.661, 'text': 'some examples of these are the print function, the sum function, min, max functions, Etc.', 'start': 2890.239, 'duration': 5.422}, {'end': 2900.723, 'text': "Now, let's get back to our Jupiter notebook and see how you can make use of these built-in functions.", 'start': 2896.722, 'duration': 4.001}, {'end': 2904.245, 'text': "The first function that I'll be discussing over here is the print function.", 'start': 2901.444, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 2906.686, 'text': "I'm sure you all know the print function.", 'start': 2905.225, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 2911.672, 'text': 'Print in python is a standard function that is used to print the output to the console.', 'start': 2907.631, 'duration': 4.041}], 'summary': 'Python built-in functions include print, sum, min, max; print is used to output to console.', 'duration': 30.537, 'max_score': 2881.135, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN82881135.jpg'}, {'end': 3206.036, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3174.625, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3180.267, 'text': 'So it will be 0 plus sum of all the iterables in case I specify some value to the start parameter.', 'start': 3174.625, 'duration': 5.642}, {'end': 3183.969, 'text': 'It is going to add that value plus the sum of all the iterables.', 'start': 3180.628, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 3191.492, 'text': "So in the previous example, if I have some of a comma 10, it's going to add 10 plus 28 and return the amount.", 'start': 3184.809, 'duration': 6.683}, {'end': 3196.87, 'text': 'So as you can see over here, it has returned 38, which is 28 plus 10.', 'start': 3192.287, 'duration': 4.583}, {'end': 3198.271, 'text': 'So I hope you guys have understood this.', 'start': 3196.87, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 3206.036, 'text': 'So now moving on towards the next topic, which is Python Lambda functions Python Lambda functions are functions that do not have any name.', 'start': 3199.031, 'duration': 7.005}], 'summary': 'The function adds a specified value to the sum of iterables, returning the total. for example, adding 10 to a sum of 28 results in a return value of 38.', 'duration': 31.411, 'max_score': 3174.625, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN83174625.jpg'}, {'end': 3560.065, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3534.87, 'weight': 16, 'content': [{'end': 3543.235, 'text': 'So now talking about the built-in data structures of python lists lists are used to store data of different data types in a sequential manner.', 'start': 3534.87, 'duration': 8.365}, {'end': 3548.618, 'text': 'There are addresses assigned to every element of a list, which is called as the index,', 'start': 3543.835, 'duration': 4.783}, {'end': 3554.422, 'text': 'the index value that starts from 0 and goes on until the last element is called as the positive index.', 'start': 3548.618, 'duration': 5.804}, {'end': 3560.065, 'text': 'negative indexing starts from minus 1, that is, from the last element that is present in your iterable.', 'start': 3554.422, 'duration': 5.643}], 'summary': 'Python lists store different data types sequentially, using positive and negative indexing.', 'duration': 25.195, 'max_score': 3534.87, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN83534870.jpg'}, {'end': 3809.371, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3781.417, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3787.719, 'text': 'On the other hand, if you make use of the remove function, you have to specify the value to be removed instead of the index number.', 'start': 3781.417, 'duration': 6.302}, {'end': 3795.26, 'text': "So here I'll just say new list dot remove and I'll specify the value to be 10 and then I'll just print it.", 'start': 3788.579, 'duration': 6.681}, {'end': 3801.725, 'text': 'So as you can see 10 is not present in my list anymore.', 'start': 3798.702, 'duration': 3.023}, {'end': 3809.371, 'text': 'Similarly, if I make use of the del keyword, I can delete some element that is present at some particular index number.', 'start': 3802.666, 'duration': 6.705}], 'summary': 'Using the remove function, 10 was removed from the list, and the del keyword can also delete an element at a specific index.', 'duration': 27.954, 'max_score': 3781.417, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN83781417.jpg'}, {'end': 4095.229, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4052.412, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 4060.277, 'text': 'So as you can see over here the pop item function has returned both the key value pair that has been removed now my dictionary is empty.', 'start': 4052.412, 'duration': 7.865}, {'end': 4066.16, 'text': 'In case I want to delete this dictionary I can make use of the clear function.', 'start': 4062.798, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 4067.681, 'text': "So I'll just say C dot clear.", 'start': 4066.461, 'duration': 1.22}, {'end': 4073.945, 'text': "My dictionary is already empty and I don't actually have to make use of this function.", 'start': 4070.323, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 4080.289, 'text': 'I just type this function over here to show you guys how to use it the values of a dictionary can also be accessed.', 'start': 4074.706, 'duration': 5.583}, {'end': 4085.062, 'text': 'Now to access the values you will have to make use of the keys only to do this.', 'start': 4080.999, 'duration': 4.063}, {'end': 4088.865, 'text': 'You can either make use of the get function or directly specify the name of the key.', 'start': 4085.102, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 4091.166, 'text': 'I just create a new dictionary over here.', 'start': 4089.645, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 4095.229, 'text': "I'll say D is equal to 1 is to Python.", 'start': 4091.967, 'duration': 3.262}], 'summary': 'Demonstrated usage of pop, clear, and accessing values in python dictionary.', 'duration': 42.817, 'max_score': 4052.412, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN84052412.jpg'}, {'end': 4161.856, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4135.518, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4141.341, 'text': 'So as you can see over here the value present for key 2 is Java and that for key 3 is C sharp.', 'start': 4135.518, 'duration': 5.823}, {'end': 4144.524, 'text': 'So now talking about tuples.', 'start': 4142.303, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 4151.249, 'text': 'tuples are actually the same as lists, but with one exception that the data, once entered into a tuple, cannot be changed,', 'start': 4144.524, 'duration': 6.725}, {'end': 4154.31, 'text': 'no matter what to create a tuple in python.', 'start': 4151.249, 'duration': 3.061}, {'end': 4156.232, 'text': 'You can make use of the regular brackets.', 'start': 4154.511, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 4159.474, 'text': 'You can also create a tuple by making use of the tuple function.', 'start': 4156.933, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 4161.856, 'text': "I'll just create my tuple.", 'start': 4159.493, 'duration': 2.363}], 'summary': 'Transcript covers tuples in python, with key points on immutability and creation methods.', 'duration': 26.338, 'max_score': 4135.518, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN84135518.jpg'}, {'end': 4316.928, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4290.097, 'weight': 15, 'content': [{'end': 4294.28, 'text': 'Now, let me just get back to my Jupiter notebook and show you all how to create sets in python.', 'start': 4290.097, 'duration': 4.183}, {'end': 4299.224, 'text': "Like I've already told you all sets are created by making use of the flower braces.", 'start': 4295.181, 'duration': 4.043}, {'end': 4304.969, 'text': "I'll just take a variable over here as X and to this I'll specify some values.", 'start': 4299.925, 'duration': 5.044}, {'end': 4310.434, 'text': "And then I'll just put in the set.", 'start': 4309.133, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 4316.928, 'text': 'So as you can see over here, I supplied eight values, but only five values are present in my set.', 'start': 4311.584, 'duration': 5.344}], 'summary': 'Creating sets in python using curly braces and specifying values, resulting in 5 values out of 8.', 'duration': 26.831, 'max_score': 4290.097, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN84290097.jpg'}], 'start': 2752.369, 'title': 'Python functions, built-in functions, lambda functions, user-defined functions, lists, dictionaries, tuples, and sets', 'summary': "Discusses the importance of functions in python, focusing on python built-in functions such as print, min, max, and sum, and demonstrates the usage of parameters with the sum function. it also covers python lambda functions with examples of single and multiple arguments, user-defined functions with any number of arguments and statements, and combining lambda functions within user-defined functions. additionally, it discusses python's built-in data structure, lists, covering indexing, creation, mutation, and iteration, as well as python data types including dictionaries, tuples, and sets, providing insights into their creation, manipulation, and operations, with examples and demonstrations.", 'chapters': [{'end': 3198.271, 'start': 2752.369, 'title': 'Python functions and built-in functions', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of functions in python, highlighting the need and benefits of using functions, and then delves into the details of python built-in functions, focusing on the print, min, max, and sum functions, providing syntax and examples for each, and demonstrating how to use parameters with the sum function.', 'duration': 445.902, 'highlights': ['The function definition lists the steps of operation, reducing code size and aiding in debugging. Functions in Python are tasks that the user wants to perform repeatedly, reducing code size and aiding in debugging.', "Built-in functions in Python include print, sum, min, max, and more, provided by the Python interpreter. Python's interpreter comes equipped with numerous built-in functions such as print, sum, min, and max.", 'The print function is a standard function used to print output to the console, with parameters for value, separator, end, file, and flush. The print function in Python is used to print output to the console and includes parameters for value, separator, end, file, and flush.', 'The sum function in Python returns the sum of all the values given as a parameter, with the option to specify a start parameter. The sum function in Python returns the sum of all values given as a parameter, with the option to specify a start parameter.']}, {'end': 3494.535, 'start': 3199.031, 'title': 'Python lambda functions & user-defined functions', 'summary': 'Covers python lambda functions, which are nameless functions using the lambda keyword with examples of single and multiple arguments and user-defined functions with examples of defining and using functions with any number of arguments and statements, and combining lambda functions within user-defined functions.', 'duration': 295.504, 'highlights': ['Python Lambda functions are nameless functions using the Lambda keyword. Explains the concept and usage of Python Lambda functions.', 'Examples of Lambda functions with single and multiple arguments are demonstrated. Provides examples of Lambda functions with single and multiple arguments.', 'User-defined functions are functions defined by the user using the def keyword. Explains the concept and syntax of user-defined functions.', 'Demonstration of defining and using user-defined functions with any number of arguments and statements. Provides examples of defining and using user-defined functions with any number of arguments and statements.', 'Combining Lambda functions within user-defined functions is demonstrated with an example. Illustrates an example of combining Lambda functions within user-defined functions.']}, {'end': 3870.406, 'start': 3495.455, 'title': 'Python data structures: lists', 'summary': "Discusses python's built-in data structure, lists, covering their indexing, creation, mutation, and iteration, and demonstrates adding, extending, and inserting elements, as well as deleting elements using pop, remove, and del, and accessing elements using for loop and slicing.", 'duration': 374.951, 'highlights': ["Python's Support for Data Structures Python has implicit support for data structures like lists, dictionaries, tuples, and sets, and allows users to create their own data structures.", 'Indexing in Lists Lists in Python store data of different types in a sequential manner, with positive indexing starting from 0 and negative indexing starting from -1, enabling access from both ends.', 'Creating and Initializing Lists Lists in Python can be created and initialized using square brackets, the list function, or by adding elements, and empty lists can be created using list function, with an example demonstrating the creation of an empty list.', 'Adding and Extending Elements in Lists Python provides append, extend, and insert functions to add elements to lists, with examples demonstrating the addition of single and multiple elements using append and extend, and insertion at a specific index using insert.', 'Deleting Elements from Lists Elements can be deleted from lists using pop, remove, or delete keyword, with examples demonstrating the removal of elements at specified index using pop, by value using remove, and using the delete keyword.', 'Accessing Elements in Lists Elements of a list can be accessed using for loop or slicing, with a demonstration of accessing elements using for loop and slicing the list based on index range.']}, {'end': 4418.399, 'start': 3870.406, 'title': 'Python data types: lists, dictionaries, tuples, and sets', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of python data types including lists, dictionaries, tuples, and sets. it provides insights into their creation, manipulation, and operations, with examples and demonstrations.', 'duration': 547.993, 'highlights': ['Dictionaries in Python can be created using flower brackets or the dict function. It explains the creation of dictionaries in Python using flower brackets or the dict function, providing options for creating key-value pairs.', 'Changing and adding values to dictionaries can be done by accessing keys and using functions like pop, pop item, or clear. This highlights the methods for changing and adding values in dictionaries, including using functions like pop, pop item, or clear for manipulation.', 'Tuples in Python, once created, do not allow alteration of values and using certain functions like append can result in errors. It emphasizes the immutability of tuples in Python and how attempting to alter them with functions like append can lead to errors.', 'Sets in Python are created using flower braces and can perform operations like add, union, intersection, and difference. This details the creation of sets in Python using flower braces and the ability to perform various operations like add, union, intersection, and difference.']}], 'duration': 1666.03, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN82752369.jpg', 'highlights': ["Python's interpreter comes equipped with numerous built-in functions such as print, sum, min, and max.", 'The print function in Python is used to print output to the console and includes parameters for value, separator, end, file, and flush.', 'The sum function in Python returns the sum of all values given as a parameter, with the option to specify a start parameter.', 'Explains the concept and usage of Python Lambda functions.', 'Provides examples of Lambda functions with single and multiple arguments.', 'Explains the concept and syntax of user-defined functions.', 'Provides examples of defining and using user-defined functions with any number of arguments and statements.', 'Illustrates an example of combining Lambda functions within user-defined functions.', 'Python has implicit support for data structures like lists, dictionaries, tuples, and sets, and allows users to create their own data structures.', 'Lists in Python store data of different types in a sequential manner, with positive indexing starting from 0 and negative indexing starting from -1, enabling access from both ends.', 'Lists in Python can be created and initialized using square brackets, the list function, or by adding elements, and empty lists can be created using list function, with an example demonstrating the creation of an empty list.', 'Python provides append, extend, and insert functions to add elements to lists, with examples demonstrating the addition of single and multiple elements using append and extend, and insertion at a specific index using insert.', 'Elements can be deleted from lists using pop, remove, or delete keyword, with examples demonstrating the removal of elements at specified index using pop, by value using remove, and using the delete keyword.', 'Elements of a list can be accessed using for loop or slicing, with a demonstration of accessing elements using for loop and slicing the list based on index range.', 'It explains the creation of dictionaries in Python using flower brackets or the dict function, providing options for creating key-value pairs.', 'This highlights the methods for changing and adding values in dictionaries, including using functions like pop, pop item, or clear for manipulation.', 'It emphasizes the immutability of tuples in Python and how attempting to alter them with functions like append can lead to errors.', 'This details the creation of sets in Python using flower braces and the ability to perform various operations like add, union, intersection, and difference.']}, {'end': 6852.913, 'segs': [{'end': 4490.872, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4465.783, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4472.125, 'text': 'stacks stacks are linear data structures which are based on the principle of last in, first out here.', 'start': 4465.783, 'duration': 6.342}, {'end': 4475.406, 'text': 'The data which is entered last will be first to get accessed.', 'start': 4472.425, 'duration': 2.981}, {'end': 4481.604, 'text': 'It is built using the array structure and has operations, namely pushing or adding elements,', 'start': 4476.28, 'duration': 5.324}, {'end': 4487.569, 'text': 'popping or deleting elements and accessing elements only from one point in the stack, which is called as the top.', 'start': 4481.604, 'duration': 5.965}, {'end': 4490.872, 'text': 'this top is the pointer to the current position of the stack.', 'start': 4487.569, 'duration': 3.303}], 'summary': 'Stacks are linear data structures based on last in, first out principle, built using arrays, with operations of pushing, popping, and accessing elements from the top.', 'duration': 25.089, 'max_score': 4465.783, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN84465783.jpg'}, {'end': 4726.325, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4695.308, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4698.19, 'text': 'However, you can manipulate the steps according to your preference.', 'start': 4695.308, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 4704.916, 'text': 'For example, you can assign values to both variables X and Y in a single step rather than two steps.', 'start': 4699.233, 'duration': 5.683}, {'end': 4706.216, 'text': 'So this way,', 'start': 4705.636, 'duration': 0.58}, {'end': 4713.259, 'text': 'a single problem can have multiple solutions and it depends on the problem and the programmer to choose the most feasible and the reliable solutions.', 'start': 4706.216, 'duration': 7.043}, {'end': 4722.043, 'text': "So now let's understand what are the elements of a good algorithm good algorithms need to have finite clear and understandable steps.", 'start': 4714.18, 'duration': 7.863}, {'end': 4726.325, 'text': 'There should be a clear and precise description of the inputs and the outputs.', 'start': 4722.843, 'duration': 3.482}], 'summary': 'Algorithms can have multiple solutions, must have clear and finite steps, and precise input/output descriptions.', 'duration': 31.017, 'max_score': 4695.308, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN84695308.jpg'}, {'end': 5239.63, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5206.516, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 5213.2, 'text': "Therefore the order will be 1 2 4 5 and 3 now, let's get back to a Jupiter notebook and implement this.", 'start': 5206.516, 'duration': 6.684}, {'end': 5216.922, 'text': "So I'm going to define a function that is a pre-order function.", 'start': 5214.2, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 5221.274, 'text': "and I'll pass root as a parameter.", 'start': 5219.813, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 5228.661, 'text': "So if root is present, I'll have to first print the value of the root node.", 'start': 5222.215, 'duration': 6.446}, {'end': 5239.63, 'text': "So root dot node data and then I'll have to do the pre-order for the left child first.", 'start': 5229.642, 'duration': 9.988}], 'summary': 'Implement pre-order function for tree traversal in jupiter notebook.', 'duration': 33.114, 'max_score': 5206.516, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN85206516.jpg'}, {'end': 5336.838, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5311.757, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5319.604, 'text': "I traverse 5 or I visit 5 and then when I've completed 4 and 5 I go to the root node which is 2.", 'start': 5311.757, 'duration': 7.847}, {'end': 5324.488, 'text': 'Once the left subtree is completed, I have to move towards the right subtree and then traverse it.', 'start': 5319.604, 'duration': 4.884}, {'end': 5331.955, 'text': 'In my right subtree I just have one node, which is 3, and after I complete the left sub tree and the right sub tree,', 'start': 5325.309, 'duration': 6.646}, {'end': 5336.838, 'text': 'I apply the left right root logic again and then I visit the root, which is one.', 'start': 5331.955, 'duration': 4.883}], 'summary': 'Traverse a tree with 5 nodes, applying left right root logic, and finally visiting the root, 1.', 'duration': 25.081, 'max_score': 5311.757, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN85311757.jpg'}, {'end': 5428.279, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5398.277, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5402.8, 'text': "So let me just type in a tab for all this and then I'll execute it.", 'start': 5398.277, 'duration': 4.523}, {'end': 5410.023, 'text': 'So here it is my left sub tree is visited first then followed by the right sub tree and then one which is the root node.', 'start': 5403.52, 'duration': 6.503}, {'end': 5413.065, 'text': 'So I hope you guys have understood all of these three traversals.', 'start': 5410.604, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 5418.412, 'text': "So now moving on to what's the next algorithm, that is, the sorting algorithms.", 'start': 5413.809, 'duration': 4.603}, {'end': 5422.135, 'text': 'sorting algorithms are used to sort data in some given order.', 'start': 5418.412, 'duration': 3.723}, {'end': 5428.279, 'text': 'sorting algorithms can be classified as mud sort, bubble sort, insertion, sort, selection sort or shell sort.', 'start': 5422.135, 'duration': 6.144}], 'summary': 'Left sub tree is visited first, followed by right sub tree and root. sorting algorithms include mud sort, bubble sort, insertion sort, selection sort, and shell sort.', 'duration': 30.002, 'max_score': 5398.277, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN85398277.jpg'}, {'end': 5781.909, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5754.628, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5762.191, 'text': 'I need to take that element and check if that element is greater than the element that is present towards the right of it, in case that is true.', 'start': 5754.628, 'duration': 7.563}, {'end': 5764.173, 'text': 'All I have to do is swap the elements.', 'start': 5762.472, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 5770.676, 'text': 'So a of y will become a of y plus 1 and a of y plus 1 will become a of y.', 'start': 5764.913, 'duration': 5.763}, {'end': 5776.784, 'text': "So as you can see I've given some random list over here in this case, the length of this list is 4.", 'start': 5770.676, 'duration': 6.108}, {'end': 5781.909, 'text': 'Therefore the value of B will be 3 so for every element present in the range of 3.', 'start': 5776.784, 'duration': 5.125}], 'summary': 'Check and swap elements if greater; given list length is 4, b = 3.', 'duration': 27.281, 'max_score': 5754.628, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN85754628.jpg'}], 'start': 4418.399, 'title': 'Python data structures and algorithms', 'summary': 'Discusses built-in and user-defined data structures in python, covering arrays, stacks, queues, trees, linked lists, graphs, hash maps, and algorithms, emphasizing the importance and applications of each, while also exploring the elements of a good algorithm and the classes of algorithms available for programming.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4775.068, 'start': 4418.399, 'title': 'Python data structures and algorithms', 'summary': 'Discusses built-in and user-defined data structures in python, covering arrays, stacks, queues, trees, linked lists, graphs, hash maps, and algorithms, emphasizing the importance and applications of each, while also exploring the elements of a good algorithm and the classes of algorithms available for programming.', 'duration': 356.669, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses built-in and user-defined data structures in Python, covering arrays, stacks, queues, trees, linked lists, graphs, hash maps, and algorithms, emphasizing the importance and applications of each. The chapter provides an overview of built-in and user-defined data structures in Python, including arrays, stacks, queues, trees, linked lists, graphs, hash maps, and algorithms, emphasizing their importance and applications.', 'The chapter explores the elements of a good algorithm and the classes of algorithms available for programming, including divide and conquer, dynamic programming, and greedy algorithm classes. The chapter explores the elements of a good algorithm and the classes of algorithms available for programming, including divide and conquer, dynamic programming, and greedy algorithm classes, providing insights into their characteristics and applications.', 'The chapter provides detailed insights into the characteristics and applications of arrays, stacks, queues, trees, linked lists, graphs, hash maps, and algorithms, emphasizing their relevance and practical use in various fields. The chapter provides detailed insights into the characteristics and applications of arrays, stacks, queues, trees, linked lists, graphs, hash maps, and algorithms, emphasizing their relevance and practical use in various fields, such as network management, real-world map representation, and problem-solving.']}, {'end': 5397.077, 'start': 4775.068, 'title': 'Tree traversal in python', 'summary': 'Discusses tree traversal algorithms in python, including pre-order, in-order, and post-order traversal, and explains the process of implementing these algorithms, providing insights into the structure and logic of each traversal method.', 'duration': 622.009, 'highlights': ['Tree traversal refers to visiting each node present in a tree exactly once in order to update or check them, with three types of traversals: pre-order, in-order, and post-order. The concept of tree traversal is explained, highlighting the three types of traversals: pre-order, in-order, and post-order, each visiting nodes in a specific order.', 'Implementation of in-order traversal is demonstrated, visiting left nodes, root, and then right nodes, with a focus on code creation and step-wise explanation of the process. The in-order traversal implementation is detailed, emphasizing the step-wise process of visiting left nodes, root, and right nodes, with a clear demonstration of the code creation in Python.', 'Pre-order traversal is explained, emphasizing the order of visiting the root node first, followed by the left sub tree and then the right sub tree, with a demonstration of implementing the traversal in Python. The explanation and implementation of pre-order traversal are provided, highlighting the order of visiting the root, left sub tree, and right sub tree, showcasing the implementation in Python.', 'The post-order traversal process is explained, which involves starting from the left, moving to the right, and finally visiting the root, with an example and implementation in Python. The post-order traversal process is explained, emphasizing the sequence of visiting left, right, and then the root, providing an example and implementation in Python.']}, {'end': 5888.333, 'start': 5398.277, 'title': 'Sorting algorithms overview', 'summary': 'Introduces the concepts of tree traversal and sorting algorithms, covering merge sort and bubble sort in detail while discussing the principles and functions of each algorithm.', 'duration': 490.056, 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces the concepts of tree traversal and sorting algorithms The chapter covers the concepts of tree traversal and sorting algorithms, providing a comprehensive overview of the discussed topics.', 'The first algorithm discussed is the merge sort algorithm The merge sort algorithm is explained in detail, covering its divide and conquer approach for sorting a given list of items.', 'The bubble sort algorithm is a comparison algorithm that first compares and then sorts adjacent elements The bubble sort algorithm is detailed, explaining its comparison and sorting process of adjacent elements and the number of iterations required for sorting.', "Insertion sort picks up one element of a given list at a time and places it at the exact place where it's supposed to be The insertion sort algorithm is described, highlighting its method of picking and placing elements in their correct positions within a list."]}, {'end': 6145.225, 'start': 5890.014, 'title': 'Sorting algorithm explanation', 'summary': 'Explains a sorting algorithm using a for loop to sort a list based on the key element and comparing it with the elements on the left side, resulting in a sorted list of 1, 24, 50, 56 and an unsorted list of 17.', 'duration': 255.211, 'highlights': ['The algorithm uses a for loop to iterate through the list and sort the elements based on a key value and comparisons with elements on the left side. The explanation details the use of a for loop to iterate through the list and sort the elements based on a key value and comparisons with elements on the left side.', 'The sorting algorithm results in a sorted list of 1, 24, 50, 56 and an unsorted list of 17. The result of the sorting algorithm is a sorted list containing the elements 1, 24, 50, and 56, and an unsorted list containing the element 17.', 'The process involves checking and comparing the key value with elements on the left side to determine the correct position of the key element within the sorted list. The process involves checking and comparing the key value with elements on the left side to determine the correct position of the key element within the sorted list.']}, {'end': 6565.66, 'start': 6145.225, 'title': 'Selection and shell sort algorithms', 'summary': 'Discusses the selection sort algorithm, which involves dividing a list into sorted and unsorted halves and repeatedly selecting the smallest element to place in the sorted list, and the shell sort algorithm, which sorts elements at varying intervals and then reduces the interval until the list is fully sorted.', 'duration': 420.435, 'highlights': ['The selection sort algorithm involves repeatedly selecting the smallest element from the unsorted list and placing it in the sorted list, then reducing the unsorted list until all elements are sorted. The selection sort algorithm divides a list into two halves, with the first half being the sorted list and the second half being the unsorted list. It involves repeatedly selecting the smallest element from the unsorted list and placing it in the sorted list, then reducing the unsorted list until all elements are sorted.', 'The shell sort algorithm sorts elements at varying intervals, then reduces the intervals until the list is fully sorted. The shell sort algorithm allows sorting elements at intervals defined by the sequence n/2, n/4, and so on, where n is the number of elements. It involves comparing and sorting elements at these intervals, then reducing the intervals until the list is fully sorted.']}, {'end': 6852.913, 'start': 6565.66, 'title': 'Sorting and searching algorithms', 'summary': 'Covered sorting algorithms to sort elements in ascending order and introduced linear search and binary search algorithms, explaining their functionalities and implementations with examples.', 'duration': 287.253, 'highlights': ['The chapter covered sorting algorithms to sort elements in ascending order, with a demonstration of the process until the list is sorted.', 'Introduced linear search and binary search algorithms, explaining their functionalities and implementations with examples.', 'Explained the implementation of linear search algorithm, including the function to accept iterables, the length of the list, and the key element, and demonstrated the process with examples.', 'Detailed the binary search algorithm, including the function to accept the list and the key element, and explained the process of comparing the key with the middle element and dividing the array into subarrays until the key is found, with a demonstration of the implementation.']}], 'duration': 2434.514, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN84418399.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter provides detailed insights into the characteristics and applications of arrays, stacks, queues, trees, linked lists, graphs, hash maps, and algorithms, emphasizing their relevance and practical use in various fields.', 'The chapter explores the elements of a good algorithm and the classes of algorithms available for programming, including divide and conquer, dynamic programming, and greedy algorithm classes, providing insights into their characteristics and applications.', 'The concept of tree traversal is explained, highlighting the three types of traversals: pre-order, in-order, and post-order, each visiting nodes in a specific order.', 'The in-order traversal implementation is detailed, emphasizing the step-wise process of visiting left nodes, root, and right nodes, with a clear demonstration of the code creation in Python.', 'The merge sort algorithm is explained in detail, covering its divide and conquer approach for sorting a given list of items.', 'The selection sort algorithm divides a list into two halves, with the first half being the sorted list and the second half being the unsorted list. It involves repeatedly selecting the smallest element from the unsorted list and placing it in the sorted list, then reducing the unsorted list until all elements are sorted.', 'Introduced linear search and binary search algorithms, explaining their functionalities and implementations with examples.', 'Detailed the binary search algorithm, including the function to accept the list and the key element, and explained the process of comparing the key with the middle element and dividing the array into subarrays until the key is found, with a demonstration of the implementation.']}, {'end': 9416.29, 'segs': [{'end': 7546.682, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7506.753, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7507.693, 'text': 'My name is python.', 'start': 7506.753, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 7517.511, 'text': 'So that is self.name and my age is self dot age.', 'start': 7508.813, 'duration': 8.698}, {'end': 7522.094, 'text': 'Sorry guys, I have to specify a plus sign over here.', 'start': 7519.593, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 7526.056, 'text': "So once this is done, I'm going to create an object of this class.", 'start': 7523.375, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 7536.482, 'text': "So I'll just say P1 equals Python programming and then I'll use this object to call the new function.", 'start': 7526.837, 'duration': 9.645}, {'end': 7540.244, 'text': 'So P1 dot new function.', 'start': 7537.422, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 7544.821, 'text': "I'm sorry guys.", 'start': 7544.181, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 7546.682, 'text': 'I forgot to pass the parameters itself.', 'start': 7545.021, 'duration': 1.661}], 'summary': 'Python class created with self.name and self.age attributes, object p1 used to call new function.', 'duration': 39.929, 'max_score': 7506.753, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN87506753.jpg'}, {'end': 8745.796, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8713.872, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8715.794, 'text': "So now let's create an object of the child class.", 'start': 8713.872, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 8727.281, 'text': "So I'll say obj equals child and I'll call obj dot function 1 and function 2.", 'start': 8716.394, 'duration': 10.887}, {'end': 8728.282, 'text': "So now let's see what happens.", 'start': 8727.281, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 8736.554, 'text': 'So as you can see over here, the function having a single underscore has been inherited and executed by the child function.', 'start': 8729.923, 'duration': 6.631}, {'end': 8741.055, 'text': 'Whereas the function that contains a double underscore throws an error,', 'start': 8737.374, 'duration': 3.681}, {'end': 8745.796, 'text': 'saying child object has no attribute named underscore child double underscore double.', 'start': 8741.055, 'duration': 4.741}], 'summary': 'Creating object of child class, calling functions, single underscore inherited, double underscore throws error.', 'duration': 31.924, 'max_score': 8713.872, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN88713872.jpg'}, {'end': 9057.09, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9027.972, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 9031.174, 'text': 'You would have completely forgotten what you did and how.', 'start': 9027.972, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 9033.756, 'text': 'so this is where comments come into picture.', 'start': 9031.174, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 9036.258, 'text': 'a good code actually consists of relevant comments.', 'start': 9033.756, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 9043.964, 'text': 'These comments actually increase the readability of the program, not just to the programmer, but to the others as well.', 'start': 9036.638, 'duration': 7.326}, {'end': 9047.727, 'text': "now that you know what our comments, let's move on and see when to use them.", 'start': 9043.964, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 9053.229, 'text': 'The best practice is to write comments as and how you proceed with your code.', 'start': 9048.647, 'duration': 4.582}, {'end': 9057.09, 'text': 'comments are very useful, but only if they are implemented wisely.', 'start': 9053.229, 'duration': 3.861}], 'summary': 'Relevant comments in code improve readability for all, best to add them progressively.', 'duration': 29.118, 'max_score': 9027.972, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN89027972.jpg'}, {'end': 9177.326, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9141.288, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 9142.609, 'text': 'Now, this is how comments work.', 'start': 9141.288, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 9144.61, 'text': 'They do not show up in your output.', 'start': 9142.969, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 9151.696, 'text': "Now let's get back to our presentation and see how they are interpreted, which is exactly what is our next topic.", 'start': 9145.231, 'duration': 6.465}, {'end': 9157.32, 'text': 'whenever the interpreter encounters a hash symbol, it omits whatever is present after that.', 'start': 9151.696, 'duration': 5.624}, {'end': 9164.819, 'text': 'The hash character actually tells the interpreter to stop reading whatever is present after that until the end of that line.', 'start': 9158.035, 'duration': 6.784}, {'end': 9171.382, 'text': "So when you're writing comments, whatever is present after your hash character is going to be omitted by your interpreter.", 'start': 9165.359, 'duration': 6.023}, {'end': 9177.326, 'text': "Now, what if the hash character was present inside the string? Let's go to our Jupiter notebook and see what happens.", 'start': 9171.783, 'duration': 5.543}], 'summary': 'Interpreter omits content after hash symbol in comments.', 'duration': 36.038, 'max_score': 9141.288, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN89141288.jpg'}], 'start': 6852.993, 'title': 'Object-oriented programming in python', 'summary': 'Introduces object-oriented programming in python, discussing its principles, differences from procedural programming, and advantages, including security and inheritance. it also covers the concept of classes and objects, inheritance, polymorphism, method overriding, encapsulation, access specifiers, and data abstraction with examples and demonstrations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6952.421, 'start': 6852.993, 'title': 'Object-oriented programming in python', 'summary': 'Introduces object-oriented programming in python, explaining its principles, differences from procedural programming, and advantages, including security and inheritance.', 'duration': 99.428, 'highlights': ['Object-oriented programming uses access modifiers such as public, private, and protected, making it more secure compared to procedural languages.', 'Object-oriented programming supports inheritance, allowing objects to inherit properties and behaviors from other objects, whereas procedural programming does not support inheritance.', 'Object-oriented programming divides the program into self-contained objects, representing different parts of the application, with their own logic and data to communicate within themselves, promoting neat and reusable code.', 'Procedural programming, on the other hand, divides the program into functions, and does not have access modifiers like public, private, and protected, making it less secure compared to object-oriented programming.']}, {'end': 7546.682, 'start': 6953.562, 'title': 'Python classes and objects', 'summary': "Discusses the concept of classes and objects in python, highlighting their role as the blueprint for objects and their attributes and behaviors, with examples demonstrating the creation of classes, objects, and methods, emphasizing code reusability. it also covers the 'init' method and its significance, with a demonstration of its usage in a real-world application.", 'duration': 593.12, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the concept of classes and objects in Python, emphasizing their role as the blueprint for objects, with examples demonstrating the creation of classes, objects, and methods, highlighting code reusability and the logical grouping of data for easy code reusability.', "It demonstrates the creation of classes and objects in Python, showcasing the syntax for a class and methods, with examples of invoking functions using objects, emphasizing the mandatory 'self' parameter and its role in accessing class variables.", 'The chapter illustrates the creation of a class for performing arithmetic operations, showcasing the creation of objects and the invocation of methods to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, highlighting the usage of multiple objects and methods within a single class.', "It discusses the 'init' method in Python, emphasizing its significance as a method that is always executed when a class is initiated, unlike other methods, with a demonstration of its usage in a real-world application to initialize attributes for an object."]}, {'end': 8203.002, 'start': 7547.043, 'title': 'Object-oriented programming in python', 'summary': 'Covers inheritance, polymorphism, and examples of different types of inheritance, including single, multiple, multi-level, hierarchical, and hybrid inheritance. it also explains the super function and polymorphism in python, emphasizing the ability to redefine methods in the child class with the same name as that of the parent class.', 'duration': 655.959, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers examples of different types of inheritance, including single, multiple, multi-level, hierarchical, and hybrid inheritance.', 'The super function in Python allows accessing the function present in the parent class by making use of the super function, reducing the need to explicitly specify the object to call both the functions present in the child class and the parent class.', 'Polymorphism in Python is defined as the ability to redefine methods in the child class with the same name as that of the parent class, and it can be done using different functions, class methods, or objects to define polymorphism.']}, {'end': 8965.458, 'start': 8204.523, 'title': 'Python oops concepts', 'summary': 'Discusses the concepts of polymorphism, method overriding, encapsulation, access specifiers in python, and data abstraction. it also includes examples and explanations of each concept, such as method overriding in inheritance, access specifiers in oops, the use of underscores for privacy in python, and data abstraction using abstract classes and methods.', 'duration': 760.935, 'highlights': ["The process of re-implementing a method in a child class is called method overriding, as demonstrated by redefining the 'information' method in the 'parrot' subclass (quantifiable: method overriding)", 'Encapsulation in OOPs is explained, including the types of access specifiers (quantifiable: encapsulation in OOPs, access specifiers: public, protected, private)', "Python's lack of exclusive access modifiers like C++ or Java and the use of single and double underscores for name mangling to protect private attributes (quantifiable: Python's privacy model, name mangling)", 'The concept of data abstraction in Python, demonstrated by creating abstract classes and methods using the ABC module, and the redefinition of an abstract method in a subclass (quantifiable: data abstraction, abstract classes and methods)']}, {'end': 9416.29, 'start': 8969.85, 'title': 'Python comments and their importance', 'summary': 'Explains the importance and usage of comments in python, highlighting their role in code readability, their syntax in python, and the types of comments - single line and multi-line. it also demonstrates the interpretation of hash symbols by the interpreter and provides shortcut methods for commenting multiple lines.', 'duration': 446.44, 'highlights': ['Comments in Python are coherent statements that describe code, improve readability, and are particularly useful when working on new or different code, with a focus on writing precise, clear, and specific comments to enhance code readability. Coherent comments improve code readability and are useful when working on new/different code. Precise, clear, and specific comments are essential for readability.', "Comments in Python are preceded by a hash character, and they do not show up in the output when executed, demonstrating the interpreter's behavior when encountering a hash symbol. Comments in Python are preceded by a hash and do not appear in the output when executed. The interpreter omits content after the hash symbol.", 'Types of comments in Python include single-line comments, which can appear individually or in line with other code, and multi-line comments that are preceded by a hash character in each line. Shortcut methods for commenting multiple lines involve using the control key and left click to insert or remove hash characters. Types of comments in Python include single-line and multi-line comments. Shortcut methods for commenting multiple lines involve the use of the control key and left click.']}], 'duration': 2563.297, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN86852993.jpg', 'highlights': ['Object-oriented programming uses access modifiers such as public, private, and protected, making it more secure compared to procedural languages.', 'Object-oriented programming supports inheritance, allowing objects to inherit properties and behaviors from other objects, whereas procedural programming does not support inheritance.', 'The chapter explains the concept of classes and objects in Python, emphasizing their role as the blueprint for objects, with examples demonstrating the creation of classes, objects, and methods, highlighting code reusability and the logical grouping of data for easy code reusability.', 'The chapter covers examples of different types of inheritance, including single, multiple, multi-level, hierarchical, and hybrid inheritance.', "The process of re-implementing a method in a child class is called method overriding, as demonstrated by redefining the 'information' method in the 'parrot' subclass (quantifiable: method overriding)", 'Comments in Python are coherent statements that describe code, improve readability, and are particularly useful when working on new or different code, with a focus on writing precise, clear, and specific comments to enhance code readability.']}, {'end': 10971.864, 'segs': [{'end': 9665.891, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9625.951, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 9629.573, 'text': 'So the value that we use in an operation are known as operands.', 'start': 9625.951, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 9634.115, 'text': 'These operands can be variables or any data type that we have in Python.', 'start': 9630.153, 'duration': 3.962}, {'end': 9635.916, 'text': "So let's take an example here.", 'start': 9634.555, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 9639.438, 'text': 'So we have two operands, operand 1 and operand 2.', 'start': 9636.256, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 9645.04, 'text': 'now, when I add an operator between them, we can get the result according to the type of operator that we are using here.', 'start': 9639.438, 'duration': 5.602}, {'end': 9652.784, 'text': "So before moving on to the types of operator that we have in Python, let's briefly discuss variables and data types in Python.", 'start': 9645.48, 'duration': 7.304}, {'end': 9660.308, 'text': 'The purpose of discussing variables and data types is to get an idea of what exactly is variable and data types, because,', 'start': 9653.244, 'duration': 7.064}, {'end': 9665.891, 'text': 'while explaining the different types of operators, we are going to use these variables and data types as well.', 'start': 9660.308, 'duration': 5.583}], 'summary': 'Operands in python can be variables or data types, used with different operators.', 'duration': 39.94, 'max_score': 9625.951, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN89625951.jpg'}, {'end': 10318.335, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10288.085, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 10290.686, 'text': 'so I can similarly check if it is greater than or equal to.', 'start': 10288.085, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 10293.688, 'text': 'I can check if it is less than or equal to so.', 'start': 10290.686, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 10299.571, 'text': 'these are the comparison operators that we have in Python, which we can use to compare two values or two objects.', 'start': 10293.688, 'duration': 5.883}, {'end': 10304.314, 'text': "Now, let's try to understand the next operator that we have which is the logical operators.", 'start': 10300.252, 'duration': 4.062}, {'end': 10308.216, 'text': 'So logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.', 'start': 10304.834, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 10314.473, 'text': "So what are the conditional statements that we have in Python? So let's briefly talk about conditional statement guys.", 'start': 10308.636, 'duration': 5.837}, {'end': 10318.335, 'text': 'So mainly we have three conditional statements in Python.', 'start': 10315.373, 'duration': 2.962}], 'summary': 'Python has comparison and logical operators for conditional statements.', 'duration': 30.25, 'max_score': 10288.085, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN810288085.jpg'}, {'end': 10933.525, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10912.241, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 10921.559, 'text': "So when I do the left shift what is going to happen is it is going to shift two values and I'm going to get the value as 1 0 1 0 0 0.", 'start': 10912.241, 'duration': 9.318}, {'end': 10928.163, 'text': "So what is happening here if I convert this binary number to decimal I'm going to get the value as 40.", 'start': 10921.559, 'duration': 6.604}, {'end': 10930.524, 'text': "So this is why I'm getting the value 40 over here.", 'start': 10928.163, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 10933.525, 'text': 'So this is the concept of bitwise operators guys.', 'start': 10930.984, 'duration': 2.541}], 'summary': 'Left shifting the binary number results in 40 in decimal, explaining bitwise operator concept.', 'duration': 21.284, 'max_score': 10912.241, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN810912241.jpg'}], 'start': 9417.64, 'title': 'Understanding python basics', 'summary': 'Delves into the difference between docstrings and comments, the functionality of docstrings and comments in a jupyter notebook, python operators, operands, variables, and data types, including numerical data types, strings, lists, dictionaries, sets, and tuples, various operators in python such as arithmetic, assignment, comparison, and logical operators, and logical and bitwise operators, including logical and, logical or, logical not, identity operators, membership operators, and bitwise operators, with practical examples and explanations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 9599.066, 'start': 9417.64, 'title': 'Understanding docstrings and comments', 'summary': 'Explains the difference between docstrings and comments, highlighting that docstrings are not omitted by the interpreter, unlike comments, and are used to describe what a function will do, while comments describe how it will do it. it also demonstrates the functionality of docstrings and comments in a jupyter notebook.', 'duration': 181.426, 'highlights': ['Docstrings are not omitted by the interpreter, unlike comments. Docstrings are not omitted by the interpreter, unlike comments.', 'Docstrings describe what a function is going to do, while comments describe how it is going to do. Docstrings describe what a function is going to do, while comments describe how it is going to do.', "When using docstrings, it's important to be specific about whether you want it to be returned in the output or not. When using docstrings, it's important to be specific about whether you want it to be returned in the output or not."]}, {'end': 9904.593, 'start': 9599.446, 'title': 'Python operators and data types', 'summary': 'Discusses operators, operands, variables, and data types in python, including numerical data types, strings, lists, dictionaries, sets, and tuples, highlighting the characteristics and usage of each.', 'duration': 305.147, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the concept of operators and operands used to perform operations between two values or variables, emphasizing the manipulation of operands using constructs or special symbols.', 'It also covers six data types in Python: numbers, strings, lists, dictionaries, sets, and tuples, discussing their characteristics, immutability, indexing, and usage, such as holding numerical values, representing characters, and storing key-value pairs.']}, {'end': 10394.557, 'start': 9904.954, 'title': 'Python operators and data types', 'summary': 'Discusses variables, data types, and various operators in python, including arithmetic, assignment, comparison, and logical operators, with practical examples and explanations.', 'duration': 489.603, 'highlights': ['Discussion about Arithmetic Operators The chapter covers the concept of arithmetic operators in Python, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, and exponentiation, with practical examples and explanations.', "Explanation of Assignment Operators The chapter explores the usage of assignment operators, such as 'is equal to' and 'plus is equal to', with practical examples demonstrating their functionality and impact on variables.", 'Understanding Comparison Operators The chapter delves into comparison operators like equal, not equal, greater than, less than, greater than or equal to, and less than or equal to, providing practical examples to illustrate their usage.', 'Insight into Logical Operators The chapter explains the role of logical operators in combining conditional statements, with a focus on if, else if, and else statements in Python, accompanied by a practical example for better understanding.']}, {'end': 10971.864, 'start': 10395.37, 'title': 'Logical and bitwise operators in python', 'summary': 'Covers logical operators and bitwise operators in python, including logical and, logical or, logical not, identity operators, membership operators, and bitwise operators, with examples and explanations for each concept.', 'duration': 576.494, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers logical operators, including logical and, logical or, and logical not, with examples demonstrating their functionality and outputs.', "The chapter explains the usage of identity operators 'is' and 'is not' in Python, with examples illustrating the comparison of objects and the resulting outputs.", "The chapter provides examples and explanations of membership operators 'in' and 'not in', demonstrating their use in checking the presence of a sequence in an object.", 'The chapter delves into bitwise operators, including bitwise and, bitwise or, left shift, and right shift, presenting binary number comparisons and their corresponding outputs.', 'The chapter emphasizes the concept of using binary numbers in bitwise operators, providing detailed examples of binary number comparisons and their conversions to decimal.']}], 'duration': 1554.224, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN89417640.jpg', 'highlights': ['Docstrings describe what a function is going to do, while comments describe how it is going to do.', 'The chapter covers logical operators, including logical and, logical or, and logical not, with examples demonstrating their functionality and outputs.', 'The chapter explains the concept of operators and operands used to perform operations between two values or variables, emphasizing the manipulation of operands using constructs or special symbols.', 'The chapter covers the concept of arithmetic operators in Python, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, and exponentiation, with practical examples and explanations.']}, {'end': 12525.32, 'segs': [{'end': 11041.725, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10998.224, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 11005.528, 'text': 'which means we can access the elements of a tuple using indexes and they can also have duplicate members, just like a list as well.', 'start': 10998.224, 'duration': 7.304}, {'end': 11010.011, 'text': 'and it is a collection data type that stores Python objects separated by commas,', 'start': 11005.528, 'duration': 4.483}, {'end': 11014.814, 'text': 'and let me show you an example which will explain how we can create or declare a tuple in Python.', 'start': 11010.011, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 11017.175, 'text': "So let's take it up to Jupiter notebook guys.", 'start': 11015.394, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 11022.728, 'text': 'As you can see now we are in the Jupyter notebook and I have a file named tuple in Python over here.', 'start': 11018.124, 'duration': 4.604}, {'end': 11025.891, 'text': "So I'll just show you how you can declare a tuple in Python.", 'start': 11022.748, 'duration': 3.143}, {'end': 11031.917, 'text': "So I'll just take a variable here and inside this let me get a few values inside round brackets.", 'start': 11026.452, 'duration': 5.465}, {'end': 11041.725, 'text': "So I'll just go with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, because this is a very basic example, guys, and when I print a over here, this is my tuple, guys,", 'start': 11032.577, 'duration': 9.148}], 'summary': 'Tuples in python store objects, accessed by indexes, can have duplicate members, and are created with round brackets.', 'duration': 43.501, 'max_score': 10998.224, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN810998224.jpg'}, {'end': 11110.693, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11085.98, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 11091.842, 'text': 'It is a data structure technique to effectively retrieve the information from a data structure and in Python,', 'start': 11085.98, 'duration': 5.862}, {'end': 11095.183, 'text': 'several data type support indexing like list or string Etc.', 'start': 11091.842, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 11103.067, 'text': "So what happens is, let's see, for example, we have a tuple with five natural numbers that have 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.", 'start': 11096.101, 'duration': 6.966}, {'end': 11110.693, 'text': 'so the indexing will start at the value 0, where 1 will be stored, and it will go until the end of the tuple that is, the number 5,', 'start': 11103.067, 'duration': 7.626}], 'summary': 'Python supports indexing for data retrieval from data structures like lists and strings.', 'duration': 24.713, 'max_score': 11085.98, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN811085980.jpg'}, {'end': 11277.182, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11249.363, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 11256.228, 'text': 'So when you are doing a slicing operation the index number that you write after the slicing operator will not be included in the out.', 'start': 11249.363, 'duration': 6.865}, {'end': 11258.91, 'text': 'Similarly, we can use the negative indexes as well.', 'start': 11256.868, 'duration': 2.042}, {'end': 11268.578, 'text': "I'm getting the same values and I can use values like these also such a side minus 8.", 'start': 11260.834, 'duration': 7.744}, {'end': 11269.518, 'text': 'The output is the same.', 'start': 11268.578, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 11271.88, 'text': 'So this is all about slicing guys.', 'start': 11270.279, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 11277.182, 'text': "Now, let's take a look at the next topic that we have which is changing a topple.", 'start': 11272.5, 'duration': 4.682}], 'summary': 'Slicing operations exclude the index number after the operator; negative indexes can be used. next topic: changing a tuple.', 'duration': 27.819, 'max_score': 11249.363, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN811249363.jpg'}, {'end': 11466.174, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11439.274, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 11444.578, 'text': 'but there is keyword, which is del and which will delete the whole tuple altogether.', 'start': 11439.274, 'duration': 5.304}, {'end': 11450.069, 'text': "So I'll just show you guys so we have a tuple C over here, which is the concatenated tuple.", 'start': 11445.188, 'duration': 4.881}, {'end': 11451.77, 'text': "So I'll try to delete this.", 'start': 11450.75, 'duration': 1.02}, {'end': 11454.591, 'text': "I'll just write del C no errors.", 'start': 11451.93, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 11460.713, 'text': "Now when I try to print C over here, it's not there because we have deleted the whole tuple over here.", 'start': 11455.231, 'duration': 5.482}, {'end': 11463.433, 'text': 'So this is how deletion works with the tuple guys.', 'start': 11461.493, 'duration': 1.94}, {'end': 11466.174, 'text': 'You cannot delete just one element from a tuple instead.', 'start': 11463.453, 'duration': 2.721}], 'summary': "Using 'del' keyword to delete entire tuple, demonstrating deletion process.", 'duration': 26.9, 'max_score': 11439.274, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN811439274.jpg'}, {'end': 11535.868, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11506.478, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 11510.693, 'text': 'here I have this tuple Now to show you how you can use these methods.', 'start': 11506.478, 'duration': 4.215}, {'end': 11517.137, 'text': "you just write a dot count and inside this I'll just write 1 and it will return the number of times.", 'start': 11510.693, 'duration': 6.444}, {'end': 11520.899, 'text': '1 has been written inside the tuple, which is 6.', 'start': 11517.137, 'duration': 3.762}, {'end': 11523.18, 'text': 'similarly, the next method that we have is index.', 'start': 11520.899, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 11526.222, 'text': 'So to check the index value at a particular element.', 'start': 11524.001, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 11530.865, 'text': "I'll just write 5 over here and it will return the value of the index at that particular element.", 'start': 11526.582, 'duration': 4.283}, {'end': 11535.868, 'text': "But what if there is a duplicate member? So I'll just write a or index.", 'start': 11531.605, 'duration': 4.263}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating tuple methods count and index with examples and outcomes.', 'duration': 29.39, 'max_score': 11506.478, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN811506478.jpg'}, {'end': 12121.24, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12095.189, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 12101.615, 'text': "but here I've passed three again and three has been added just once and it's not been repeated again.", 'start': 12095.189, 'duration': 6.426}, {'end': 12108.121, 'text': 'This is because sets contain unique elements and there is no second copy of one element present in a set.', 'start': 12102.016, 'duration': 6.105}, {'end': 12111.164, 'text': "So I hope you've understood how to add elements to a set.", 'start': 12108.622, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 12114.928, 'text': "Now, let's move on to understand how you can remove elements from a set.", 'start': 12111.645, 'duration': 3.283}, {'end': 12121.24, 'text': 'To remove elements from a set, you can make use of the remove discard or the pop methods.', 'start': 12115.515, 'duration': 5.725}], 'summary': 'Sets allow unique elements, and you can remove elements using remove, discard, or pop methods.', 'duration': 26.051, 'max_score': 12095.189, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN812095189.jpg'}, {'end': 12283.064, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12250.802, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 12255.545, 'text': 'When I used beta discard 3 it has removed 3 from the set B.', 'start': 12250.802, 'duration': 4.743}, {'end': 12272.315, 'text': "Now, let's try to give some parameter to the discard method which is not present in set B.", 'start': 12255.545, 'duration': 16.77}, {'end': 12277.579, 'text': 'When I used beta discard 90 it has executed but it has not thrown any error.', 'start': 12272.315, 'duration': 5.264}, {'end': 12279.78, 'text': "So I hope you're clear with both these methods.", 'start': 12277.999, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 12283.064, 'text': "Now let's try to use the pop method.", 'start': 12280.583, 'duration': 2.481}], 'summary': "Using beta discard 3 removed 3 from set b. discarding 90 didn't throw an error. exploring the pop method next.", 'duration': 32.262, 'max_score': 12250.802, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN812250802.jpg'}, {'end': 12394.175, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12367.755, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 12371.937, 'text': "I've used the union method to find the union of A and B.", 'start': 12367.755, 'duration': 4.182}, {'end': 12375.439, 'text': "Now, let's try to find the union of three sets using both these methods.", 'start': 12371.937, 'duration': 3.502}, {'end': 12383.383, 'text': "As you can see in the output, I've used the pipeline symbol to find the union of three sets,", 'start': 12378.14, 'duration': 5.243}, {'end': 12388.406, 'text': "and then I've used the union method to find the union of A, B and C.", 'start': 12383.383, 'duration': 5.023}, {'end': 12389.607, 'text': "So I hope you're clear with this.", 'start': 12388.406, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 12394.175, 'text': "Now let's get back and see what is intersection of sets.", 'start': 12390.333, 'duration': 3.842}], 'summary': 'Demonstrated union of sets using methods and pipeline symbol.', 'duration': 26.42, 'max_score': 12367.755, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN812367755.jpg'}], 'start': 10972.205, 'title': 'Python tuples and set operations', 'summary': 'Covers creation, accessing, and manipulation of tuples in python, including operators, indexing, slicing, modifying elements, concatenating, deleting, and utilizing methods. it also discusses set operations, differences between lists and tuples, iterating through a tuple, and various methods for sets, including union, intersection, and difference.', 'chapters': [{'end': 11271.88, 'start': 10972.205, 'title': 'Python tuples: creation and accessing', 'summary': 'Covers operators in python, creation of tuples, accessing tuple elements using indexing, negative indexing, and slicing, demonstrating examples and techniques.', 'duration': 299.675, 'highlights': ['Operators in Python, including left shift and right shift, are explained.', 'Creation of tuples in Python is demonstrated using basic examples and two different approaches.', 'Accessing tuple elements using indexes and negative indexing is explained with examples.', 'Slicing technique in tuples is demonstrated with examples, including the use of negative indexes.']}, {'end': 11549.25, 'start': 11272.5, 'title': 'Manipulating tuples in python', 'summary': 'Explores changing elements in a tuple, concatenating two tuples, deleting a tuple, and tuple methods, demonstrating the ability to modify nested objects within a tuple and the process for concatenating, deleting, and utilizing methods with tuples in python.', 'duration': 276.75, 'highlights': ["Modifying nested objects within a tuple Demonstrates the ability to modify nested objects within a tuple in Python, showcasing the process for reassigning values within a tuple's nested objects.", 'Concatenating two tuples Illustrates the process for concatenating two tuples in Python by adding the values of both tuples to create a concatenated tuple.', "Deleting a tuple Explains the immutability of tuples in Python and the process for deleting a tuple using the 'del' keyword.", "Tuple methods: count and index Details the tuple methods 'count' and 'index' in Python, demonstrating how to count the occurrences of an item and retrieve the index of a specified element within a tuple."]}, {'end': 12525.32, 'start': 11549.25, 'title': 'Tuple and set operations', 'summary': 'Covers tuple methods, list versus tuple differences, tuple constructor, iterating through a tuple, membership test on a tuple, introduction to sets and methods for sets such as finding length, accessing elements, adding or updating elements, removing and deleting elements, finding union, intersection, and difference of sets.', 'duration': 976.07, 'highlights': ['Tuple is faster for iteration than a list A tuple is faster when working with iteration statements like for loops, making it more efficient than a list for iteration.', 'Tuple constructor can change a list into a tuple for typecasting Using the tuple constructor, a list can be changed into a tuple, allowing for typecasting and creating a tuple from a list.', "Sets are used when order doesn't matter and elements need to be unique Sets are suitable when the order of data doesn't matter, and unique data elements are required.", 'Methods for sets include finding length, accessing elements, adding or updating elements, removing and deleting elements, and finding union, intersection, and difference of sets Methods for sets include finding length, accessing elements using loops, adding or updating elements using add or update methods, removing and deleting elements using remove, discard, or pop methods, and finding union, intersection, and difference of sets.']}], 'duration': 1553.115, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN810972205.jpg', 'highlights': ['Methods for sets include finding length, accessing elements, adding or updating elements, removing and deleting elements, and finding union, intersection, and difference of sets', 'Tuple constructor can change a list into a tuple for typecasting', 'Tuple is faster for iteration than a list', 'Slicing technique in tuples is demonstrated with examples, including the use of negative indexes', 'Accessing tuple elements using indexes and negative indexing is explained with examples', 'Creation of tuples in Python is demonstrated using basic examples and two different approaches', 'Operators in Python, including left shift and right shift, are explained', "Modifying nested objects within a tuple Demonstrates the ability to modify nested objects within a tuple in Python, showcasing the process for reassigning values within a tuple's nested objects", 'Concatenating two tuples Illustrates the process for concatenating two tuples in Python by adding the values of both tuples to create a concatenated tuple', "Deleting a tuple Explains the immutability of tuples in Python and the process for deleting a tuple using the 'del' keyword", "Tuple methods: count and index Details the tuple methods 'count' and 'index' in Python, demonstrating how to count the occurrences of an item and retrieve the index of a specified element within a tuple", "Sets are used when order doesn't matter and elements need to be unique"]}, {'end': 13531.352, 'segs': [{'end': 12575.35, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12546.222, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 12555.445, 'text': "You can use the frozen set method as you all know, I've created a set a just make a note guys that you cannot add or remove values from a frozen set.", 'start': 12546.222, 'duration': 9.223}, {'end': 12562.12, 'text': "As you all know I've created a set a which is a normal set and I've been using it to add and remove values from it.", 'start': 12556.056, 'duration': 6.064}, {'end': 12563.862, 'text': "Now, let's freeze this set.", 'start': 12562.621, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 12575.35, 'text': "I've created a new set D which is a frozen set and I've supplied the values of a as a parameter to this frozen set constructor.", 'start': 12567.364, 'duration': 7.986}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates creating a frozen set from a normal set, highlighting immutability.', 'duration': 29.128, 'max_score': 12546.222, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN812546222.jpg'}, {'end': 13284.844, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13256.405, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 13259.168, 'text': "Let's see if I can get a dictionary from this.", 'start': 13256.405, 'duration': 2.763}, {'end': 13265.355, 'text': "So using the dictionary constructor, let's see if we have actually implemented a dictionary over here.", 'start': 13260.453, 'duration': 4.902}, {'end': 13270.097, 'text': 'So as you can see I have declared a dictionary using the dictionary constructor guys.', 'start': 13265.855, 'duration': 4.242}, {'end': 13272.658, 'text': 'So when I run this I should be getting a dictionary here.', 'start': 13270.137, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 13276.68, 'text': 'So, as you can see, I have declared a dictionary using the dictionary constructor.', 'start': 13273.119, 'duration': 3.561}, {'end': 13280.222, 'text': 'also one more thing I have missed over here when I was explaining the operations, guys.', 'start': 13276.68, 'duration': 3.542}, {'end': 13282.563, 'text': 'So which is the from keys operation.', 'start': 13280.582, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 13284.844, 'text': "So I'll declare one more dictionary over here.", 'start': 13282.943, 'duration': 1.901}], 'summary': 'Demonstrated creating dictionaries using constructor and from_keys method.', 'duration': 28.439, 'max_score': 13256.405, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN813256405.jpg'}, {'end': 13427.14, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13402.33, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 13408.773, 'text': 'So this is my dictionary guys in which I have made four more dictionaries guys, which is actually our nested dictionaries.', 'start': 13402.33, 'duration': 6.443}, {'end': 13412.034, 'text': 'So first key is batsman inside the batsman key.', 'start': 13409.173, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 13418.817, 'text': 'I have all those batsman like Roy Sharma secret oven and Virat Kohli and inside those values.', 'start': 13412.234, 'duration': 6.583}, {'end': 13424.679, 'text': 'I have one more dictionary in which we have the statistics for all those matches runs average highest score.', 'start': 13419.157, 'duration': 5.522}, {'end': 13427.14, 'text': 'So actually inside this batsman key.', 'start': 13424.799, 'duration': 2.341}], 'summary': 'Nested dictionary with batsman data and statistics.', 'duration': 24.81, 'max_score': 13402.33, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN813402330.jpg'}], 'start': 12525.32, 'title': 'Python data structures and operations', 'summary': 'Covers the concepts of frozen sets and python dictionaries, including their mutability, key-value pairs, and operations such as clear, copy, values, and update. it also includes the implementation of a nested dictionary for storing statistics of indian cricket squad for world cup 2019 and converting the data into a data frame using pandas package.', 'chapters': [{'end': 12590.3, 'start': 12525.32, 'title': 'Python frozen set concept', 'summary': 'Explores the concept of a frozen set in python, explaining that it is a set whose values cannot be modified, and demonstrates the immutability of frozen sets through a relevant example.', 'duration': 64.98, 'highlights': ['The concept of a frozen set is explained as a set whose values cannot be modified, demonstrating immutability in Python.', 'A demonstration is provided where attempting to add a value to a frozen set results in an attribute error, showcasing the inability to modify frozen sets.']}, {'end': 13090.838, 'start': 12590.3, 'title': 'Python dictionary operations', 'summary': 'Discusses the features of a python dictionary, including its mutability, key-value pairs, uniqueness, and distinction from a list, as well as implementation and operations such as clear, copy, values, and update, with examples and explanations.', 'duration': 500.538, 'highlights': ["Python dictionary features Discusses the mutability, key-value pairs, uniqueness, and distinction from a list, providing a comprehensive understanding of the dictionary's characteristics.", 'Python dictionary implementation Explains the process of implementing a dictionary in Python using curly brackets and key-value pairs, including examples and demonstrations.', 'Python dictionary operations: clear, copy, values, and update Demonstrates and explains the operations of a Python dictionary, including clear to remove all elements, copy to return a copy, values to retrieve all values, and update to modify key-value pairs.']}, {'end': 13531.352, 'start': 13090.858, 'title': 'Python dictionary operations and nested dictionary implementation', 'summary': 'Explains various python dictionary operations including get, items, keys, pop, pop item, set default, dictionary constructor, and from keys. it also demonstrates the implementation of a nested dictionary for storing statistics of indian cricket squad for world cup 2019 and converting the data into a data frame using pandas package.', 'duration': 440.494, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers various Python dictionary operations such as get, items, keys, pop, pop item, set default, dictionary constructor, and from keys, demonstrating their usage and output (e.g., getting key-value pairs, returning keys, popping specified value, removing the last inserted key-value pair, setting default value for a key, using dictionary constructor, and using from keys operation).', 'It explains the implementation and usage of nested dictionary for storing statistics of Indian cricket squad for World Cup 2019, including batsmen, all-rounders, wicket keepers, and bowlers, and converting the data into a data frame using the pandas package to display statistics (e.g., displaying batsman squad with their runs, average, and highest score, and displaying bowler statistics with their wickets, average, and best figures).', "It illustrates the retrieval of specific data from the nested dictionary, showcasing the convenience of key-value pairs for easy data retrieval (e.g., retrieving batsmen and bowlers' statistics, such as runs, wickets, and highest scores, using the nested dictionary and highlighting the usefulness of key-value pairs for easy data retrieval)."]}], 'duration': 1006.032, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN812525320.jpg', 'highlights': ['Demonstrates the operations of a Python dictionary, including clear, copy, values, and update.', 'Explains the process of implementing a dictionary in Python using curly brackets and key-value pairs.', 'Illustrates the retrieval of specific data from the nested dictionary, showcasing the convenience of key-value pairs for easy data retrieval.', 'Covers the concept of a frozen set as a set whose values cannot be modified, demonstrating immutability in Python.', 'Explains the implementation and usage of nested dictionary for storing statistics of Indian cricket squad for World Cup 2019.']}, {'end': 16034.278, 'segs': [{'end': 14455.092, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14416.762, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 14418.483, 'text': "I'll define a variable.", 'start': 14416.762, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 14424.507, 'text': 'say fruit for fruit in fruits.', 'start': 14418.483, 'duration': 6.024}, {'end': 14431.692, 'text': 'give a colon print current fruit.', 'start': 14424.507, 'duration': 7.185}, {'end': 14436.685, 'text': 'and type in fruit.', 'start': 14435.345, 'duration': 1.34}, {'end': 14445.108, 'text': 'Now when you come out of the loop just print again goodbye.', 'start': 14439.286, 'duration': 5.822}, {'end': 14449.15, 'text': 'So I have declared a list and the name of that list is fruits.', 'start': 14446.369, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 14455.092, 'text': 'Now that fruits list contains elements which are mango, grapes and apple.', 'start': 14449.65, 'duration': 5.442}], 'summary': 'Loop through fruits list and print elements. list contains 3 elements.', 'duration': 38.33, 'max_score': 14416.762, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN814416762.jpg'}, {'end': 15103.184, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15074.113, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 15078.077, 'text': "Now let me go back to my presentation and I'll show you an example of for loop as well.", 'start': 15074.113, 'duration': 3.964}, {'end': 15080.57, 'text': 'So this is an example of nested for loop.', 'start': 15078.729, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 15087.614, 'text': "So over here what I'm going to do is I'm going to write a code in order to print the Pythagorean number between a particular range.", 'start': 15081.05, 'duration': 6.564}, {'end': 15097.423, 'text': 'So what happens is suppose if I want to enter the number 20, that means I want the Pythagorean numbers between one to 20.', 'start': 15088.374, 'duration': 9.049}, {'end': 15103.184, 'text': 'So Pythagorean numbers are nothing but the integers which satisfy A squared plus B squared is equals to C squared.', 'start': 15097.423, 'duration': 5.761}], 'summary': 'Example of nested for loop to find pythagorean numbers.', 'duration': 29.071, 'max_score': 15074.113, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN815074113.jpg'}, {'end': 15737.077, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15708.636, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 15711.64, 'text': 'So head to the comment section below and let me know what you think of it.', 'start': 15708.636, 'duration': 3.004}, {'end': 15713.583, 'text': "I'd love to interact with you guys there.", 'start': 15711.921, 'duration': 1.662}, {'end': 15714.504, 'text': 'So coming back.', 'start': 15713.883, 'duration': 0.621}, {'end': 15722.494, 'text': 'What are functions guys functions are actually a way to break problems or processes down into smaller and independent blocks of code.', 'start': 15714.584, 'duration': 7.91}, {'end': 15723.594, 'text': 'Straightforward right?', 'start': 15722.834, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 15730.116, 'text': "So it's basically a block of organized reusable code that is used to perform some similar task in our last case in television.", 'start': 15723.734, 'duration': 6.382}, {'end': 15734.017, 'text': 'It was either others the volume or change the channel while coming back to Python.', 'start': 15730.156, 'duration': 3.861}, {'end': 15737.077, 'text': 'It can be called by its name and its task mean execution.', 'start': 15734.177, 'duration': 2.9}], 'summary': 'Functions are a way to break problems into smaller, independent code blocks, making code reusable and organized.', 'duration': 28.441, 'max_score': 15708.636, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN815708636.jpg'}], 'start': 13531.452, 'title': 'Python loops and functions', 'summary': 'Explains the need for loops in software development and introduces while and for loops in python, demonstrates nested loops, simulates a bank atm, and covers the importance of functions in improving code efficiency and reusability.', 'chapters': [{'end': 14082.63, 'start': 13531.452, 'title': 'Need for loops in software development', 'summary': 'Explains the need for loops in software development, comparing the inefficiency of writing logic for each employee with the efficiency of using loops to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times, and introduces the concept of while loop in python with examples.', 'duration': 551.178, 'highlights': ["Loops reduce code size, complexity, and increase efficiency in software development The chapter emphasizes the inefficiency and complexity of writing logic for each employee's salary calculation and highlights the advantage of using loops to reduce the size and length of the code, increase efficiency, and speed of execution.", 'Comparison of two ways of executing a task in software development The chapter compares the process of writing logic for each employee against the process of using loops to iterate the logic for all employees, illustrating the inefficiency of the former approach and the advantages of the latter in reducing complexity and increasing efficiency.', 'Explanation of while loop in Python with examples The chapter introduces the while loop in Python, explaining that it is used when the number of iterations required is unknown, and provides a basic example of printing integer values using a while loop, gradually increasing the complexity with a guessing game example.']}, {'end': 14677.332, 'start': 14083.191, 'title': 'Python loops and nested loops', 'summary': 'Explains the implementation of while loops and for loops in python, demonstrating a number guessing game using a while loop and a factorial calculation using a for loop, and further introduces nested loops.', 'duration': 594.141, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the implementation of while loops and for loops in Python Detailed explanation of implementing while and for loops in Python, essential for understanding the subsequent examples.', 'Demonstrates a number guessing game using a while loop Step-by-step explanation of a number guessing game, showcasing the usage of while loop to iterate until a correct guess is made.', 'Introduces a factorial calculation using a for loop Illustration of calculating the factorial of a number using a for loop, demonstrating the known number of iterations required for the calculation.', 'Introduces nested loops and their use cases Explanation of nested loops, highlighting the ability to use a loop inside another loop and providing assurance of an example to come.']}, {'end': 15055.101, 'start': 14677.652, 'title': 'Nested loops: simulating bank atm', 'summary': 'Explains a python code simulating a bank atm using nested while loops, allowing users to check balance, make withdrawals, deposit money, and return the card, with an example execution demonstrating the functionalities and error handling.', 'duration': 377.449, 'highlights': ['The Python code simulates a bank ATM using nested while loops. The chapter provides an example of using nested while loops to simulate a bank ATM, demonstrating practical application of programming concepts.', 'Users can perform functions including checking balance, making withdrawals, depositing money, and returning the card. The ATM simulation allows users to perform multiple functions including checking balance, making withdrawals, depositing money, and returning the card, enhancing usability and practicality.', 'Error handling includes restricting incorrect PIN entries to three chances and providing feedback on incorrect entries. The code restricts incorrect PIN entries to three chances, reducing the chances with each incorrect entry and providing feedback on incorrect entries, demonstrating effective error handling.']}, {'end': 15524.185, 'start': 15055.241, 'title': 'Nested loops in python', 'summary': 'Demonstrates the use of nested while and for loops in python to find pythagorean numbers within a range, and to handle bulk reservation of train tickets using a for loop inside a while loop, showcasing the logic and execution of each with specific examples.', 'duration': 468.944, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates the use of nested while and for loops in Python to find Pythagorean numbers within a range, and to handle bulk reservation of train tickets using a for loop inside a while loop, showcasing the logic and execution of each with specific examples.', 'The example of nested while loop showcases the use of three chances to input a correct PIN, with failure resulting in termination of the loop.', 'The example of nested for loop demonstrates the identification and printing of Pythagorean numbers between a specified range using the logic of A squared plus B squared equals C squared.', 'The process of using a for loop inside a while loop is illustrated with the scenario of bulk reservation of train tickets, where the input of passenger details is managed in bulk and the loop continues until all passengers are registered.']}, {'end': 16034.278, 'start': 15524.205, 'title': 'Python functions and its advantages', 'summary': 'Covers the importance of functions in python, explaining the need for functions to improve code efficiency and reusability, and provides a detailed explanation of the absolute function in python.', 'duration': 510.073, 'highlights': ['The importance of functions in Python to improve code efficiency and reusability Functions not only reduce the code in the main program but also make the code run faster and better, increasing readability, ease of debugging, and documentation.', 'Explanation of the absolute function in Python and its usage for returning the absolute value of a specified number The absolute function returns the absolute value of a specified number, demonstrated with examples including complex numbers and negative values.', "Introduction to the concept of dry (don't repeat yourself) and the need for functions to avoid inefficiency and ambiguity in code The concept of dry emphasizes the reusability of functions to avoid repeating the same lines of code and to increase efficiency in handling multiple values for conversion."]}], 'duration': 2502.826, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN813531452.jpg', 'highlights': ['Loops reduce code size, complexity, and increase efficiency in software development', 'The Python code simulates a bank ATM using nested while loops', 'The importance of functions in Python to improve code efficiency and reusability']}, {'end': 17045.581, 'segs': [{'end': 16352.574, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16322.193, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 16324.794, 'text': "Well, if you don't put anything, it will be 0.", 'start': 16322.193, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 16327.276, 'text': 'Well, check out this particular example right in front of you, right?', 'start': 16324.794, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 16332.099, 'text': 'So we have X is equal to Apple banana cherry and Y is equal to enumerate of X.', 'start': 16327.296, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 16336.823, 'text': 'So again, the default value is 0, so python already counts from 0 instead of 1, right?', 'start': 16332.099, 'duration': 4.724}, {'end': 16341.026, 'text': 'So obviously Apple becomes 0, banana becomes 1 and cherry becomes 2,', 'start': 16336.843, 'duration': 4.183}, {'end': 16345.729, 'text': 'and you can actually play with all of these key mapping values and then operate on them later as well.', 'start': 16341.026, 'duration': 4.703}, {'end': 16352.574, 'text': 'But at this point of time, all you need to know is this python starts from 0 and the first object, that first iterable object,', 'start': 16346.129, 'duration': 6.445}], 'summary': 'Python starts indexing at 0, with apple as 0, banana as 1, and cherry as 2.', 'duration': 30.381, 'max_score': 16322.193, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN816322193.jpg'}, {'end': 16740.104, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16713.868, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 16717.831, 'text': "quickly check out the example and the code and I'm pretty sure you guys will figure it out on your own.", 'start': 16713.868, 'duration': 3.963}, {'end': 16722.575, 'text': 'So, basically, we have defined my function of n, again defining the function.', 'start': 16718.212, 'duration': 4.363}, {'end': 16727.277, 'text': 'name. name of the function is my function, my funk, and then the parameter is n.', 'start': 16722.575, 'duration': 4.702}, {'end': 16731.28, 'text': 'what we are actually going to do is we are actually going to return the length of our input parameter.', 'start': 16727.277, 'duration': 4.003}, {'end': 16735.002, 'text': 'Check out the next line X equal to map of my funk.', 'start': 16731.78, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 16737.983, 'text': 'and then we are passing it three values Apple, banana and cherry.', 'start': 16735.002, 'duration': 2.981}, {'end': 16740.104, 'text': 'right?. So what do you think is the length of this?', 'start': 16737.983, 'duration': 2.121}], 'summary': "Code defines a function 'my function' to return length of input parameter.", 'duration': 26.236, 'max_score': 16713.868, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN816713867.jpg'}, {'end': 16866.834, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16841.915, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 16848.499, 'text': 'So if there is a third parameter, then it returns the X to the power of Y and the modulus of Z.', 'start': 16841.915, 'duration': 6.584}, {'end': 16850.641, 'text': 'quickly, check out the syntax and the example, guys.', 'start': 16848.499, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 16854.864, 'text': 'So we have three parameters in this case, right? So it is pretty simple to pick up two parameters.', 'start': 16850.661, 'duration': 4.203}, {'end': 16861.528, 'text': "So let's say what is 2 power 3 the answer is 8 correct? So what is 4 power 3 again? It is 64.", 'start': 16854.884, 'duration': 6.644}, {'end': 16866.834, 'text': 'If you actually required the modulus of this answer, then that would become our Z parameter in this particular case.', 'start': 16861.528, 'duration': 5.306}], 'summary': 'The function returns x to the power of y and the modulus of z with three parameters. example: 2^3=8, 4^3=64.', 'duration': 24.919, 'max_score': 16841.915, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN816841915.jpg'}, {'end': 16924.041, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16899.087, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 16904.51, 'text': 'we have objects, then we have separators, and we have files, and we have flush, and we have so much around here, right?', 'start': 16899.087, 'duration': 5.423}, {'end': 16907.552, 'text': 'So let me quickly walk you through all of these in a simple way.', 'start': 16904.77, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 16910.393, 'text': 'So objects basically refers to any object, right?', 'start': 16907.872, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 16916.837, 'text': 'You can have any number of objects you want, all of these will be converted to a string before it is printed, and then we have separator.', 'start': 16910.573, 'duration': 6.264}, {'end': 16924.041, 'text': 'guys, guys, separator is actually an optional parameter and you specify how to separate the objects if there is more than one object present.', 'start': 16916.837, 'duration': 7.204}], 'summary': 'Explanation of objects and separators for handling multiple objects in a file.', 'duration': 24.954, 'max_score': 16899.087, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN816899087.jpg'}, {'end': 16959.331, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16933.75, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 16939.916, 'text': "The default is actually slash n, because again we're going to move to the next line as soon as something is printed and then we have file.", 'start': 16933.75, 'duration': 6.166}, {'end': 16941.077, 'text': 'all of these are optional guys.', 'start': 16939.916, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 16943.98, 'text': 'So basically file and flush everything is optional you are as well.', 'start': 16941.097, 'duration': 2.883}, {'end': 16946.802, 'text': 'So file is basically an object with the right method.', 'start': 16944.26, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 16947.163, 'text': "That's it.", 'start': 16946.822, 'duration': 0.341}, {'end': 16954.788, 'text': "But what if there isn't anything well the default of the file when the default parameter of the file object is actually assist dot std out.", 'start': 16947.523, 'duration': 7.265}, {'end': 16957.029, 'text': 'So it is the system standard out guys.', 'start': 16955.248, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 16959.331, 'text': 'And lastly, we have flush.', 'start': 16957.609, 'duration': 1.722}], 'summary': 'File and flush are optional. default file parameter is assist.std out.', 'duration': 25.581, 'max_score': 16933.75, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN816933750.jpg'}, {'end': 17050.682, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 17022.052, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 17028.075, 'text': 'We have class person and the name equal to John is equal to 36, country equal to Norway, same as the previous example, right?', 'start': 17022.052, 'duration': 6.023}, {'end': 17032.718, 'text': 'So here we using another syntax at ATTR of person, age and 40..', 'start': 17028.436, 'duration': 4.282}, {'end': 17038.419, 'text': "All we're trying to do is instead of John having his age to be 36 change the age of John to 40.", 'start': 17032.718, 'duration': 5.701}, {'end': 17041.14, 'text': 'So go into the class person look for age.', 'start': 17038.419, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 17045.581, 'text': 'So whatever it is that change it to 40 as simple as that again.', 'start': 17041.48, 'duration': 4.101}, {'end': 17050.682, 'text': 'This is a fairly straightforward function guys and next up I have for you is the sorted function.', 'start': 17045.601, 'duration': 5.081}], 'summary': "Updating john's age from 36 to 40 in class person.", 'duration': 28.63, 'max_score': 17022.052, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN817022052.jpg'}], 'start': 16034.278, 'title': 'Python built-in functions', 'summary': 'Introduces various python built-in functions like format, get attribute, identity, length, map, min, pow, print, and set attribute, with examples, and usage scenarios, covering a wide array of functionalities in python.', 'chapters': [{'end': 16098.56, 'start': 16034.278, 'title': 'Python all function for checking iterable items', 'summary': 'Introduces the all function in python, which returns true if all items in an iterable are true, including lists, tuples, and dictionaries, and if the iterable is empty, it still returns true.', 'duration': 64.282, 'highlights': ['The all function in Python returns true if all items in an iterable are true, including lists, tuples, and dictionaries. The all function in Python checks if all items in an iterable are true, and it can be applied to lists, tuples, and dictionaries.', 'If the iterable object is empty, the all function will still return true. The all function in Python still returns true even if the iterable object is empty.', "The function syntax is 'all(iterable)', where the iterable can be a list, tuple, or dictionary. The syntax of the all function in Python is 'all(iterable)', and it can be applied to lists, tuples, and dictionaries."]}, {'end': 16360.959, 'start': 16098.62, 'title': 'Python functions: ascii, bool, enumerate', 'summary': "Covers the ascii, bool, and enumerate functions in python, explaining their functionalities and syntax, with examples for each function, highlighting the use cases and python's behavior for different scenarios.", 'duration': 262.339, 'highlights': ['The ASCII function in Python returns a readable version of any object, replacing non-ASCII characters with escape characters, and has use cases with strings, tuples, and lists. The ASCII function in Python returns a readable version of any object, replacing non-ASCII characters with escape characters. It has use cases with strings, tuples, and lists.', 'The bool function in Python returns the Boolean value of a specified object, with specific criteria for returning false, and can be used with strings, lists, and numbers. The bool function in Python returns the Boolean value of a specified object, with specific criteria for returning false. It can be used with strings, lists, and numbers.', 'The enumerate function in Python takes a collection as input and returns an enumerate object, adding a counter as the key, with the ability to define the start number for the counter. The enumerate function in Python takes a collection as input and returns an enumerate object, adding a counter as the key. It has the ability to define the start number for the counter.']}, {'end': 17045.581, 'start': 16361.119, 'title': 'Python built-in functions', 'summary': 'Introduces various python built-in functions such as format, get attribute, identity, length, map, min, pow, print, and set attribute, and provides syntax and examples for each, demonstrating their functionality and usage.', 'duration': 684.462, 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces the format function, which formats a specified value into another specified value, with examples of left align, right align, and conversion to binary, Unicode, decimal, and other formats.', 'The get attribute function is explained, which returns the value of a specified attribute from a specified object, with an example demonstrating how to retrieve the age attribute from a person object.', 'The identity function, which returns a unique identifier for any specified object, is described, along with an example of obtaining the unique identifier for an object.', 'The length function, which returns the number of items in an object, is introduced, with an example demonstrating its usage on a string.', 'The map function, which executes a specified function for each item in an iterable sequence, is explained, along with an example showcasing the use of a custom function to find the length of input parameters.', 'The min function, which returns the value with the lowest value in an iterable, is detailed with an example showing how to find the minimum value from a set of numbers.', 'The POW function, which returns the value of X to the power of Y, is described, along with examples demonstrating exponentiation and modulus usage.', 'The print function, used to print a specified message to the screen or standard output device, is introduced with details on its optional parameters like objects, separators, end, file, and flush.', 'The set attribute function, which sets the value of the specified attribute of a specified object, is explained with an example illustrating how to change the age attribute of a person object.']}], 'duration': 1011.303, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN816034278.jpg', 'highlights': ['The format function formats a specified value into another specified value, with examples of left align, right align, and conversion to binary, Unicode, decimal, and other formats.', 'The map function executes a specified function for each item in an iterable sequence, along with an example showcasing the use of a custom function to find the length of input parameters.', 'The min function returns the value with the lowest value in an iterable, detailed with an example showing how to find the minimum value from a set of numbers.', 'The POW function returns the value of X to the power of Y, described with examples demonstrating exponentiation and modulus usage.', 'The print function is introduced with details on its optional parameters like objects, separators, end, file, and flush, used to print a specified message to the screen or standard output device.', 'The set attribute function sets the value of the specified attribute of a specified object, explained with an example illustrating how to change the age attribute of a person object.', 'The get attribute function returns the value of a specified attribute from a specified object, with an example demonstrating how to retrieve the age attribute from a person object.', 'The identity function returns a unique identifier for any specified object, described along with an example of obtaining the unique identifier for an object.', 'The length function returns the number of items in an object, introduced with an example demonstrating its usage on a string.', 'The enumerate function takes a collection as input and returns an enumerate object, adding a counter as the key, with the ability to define the start number for the counter.', 'The bool function returns the Boolean value of a specified object, with specific criteria for returning false, and can be used with strings, lists, and numbers.', 'The ASCII function returns a readable version of any object, replacing non-ASCII characters with escape characters, and has use cases with strings, tuples, and lists.', 'The all function returns true if all items in an iterable are true, including lists, tuples, and dictionaries, and still returns true even if the iterable object is empty.']}, {'end': 18715.587, 'segs': [{'end': 17417.002, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 17381.203, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 17383.684, 'text': 'It is as simple as that you already provided the parameter.', 'start': 17381.203, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 17384.925, 'text': 'So print it as it is.', 'start': 17383.704, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 17391.91, 'text': 'So default parameter value you got all of this, right? And then the important concept you need to know is the return value guys.', 'start': 17385.565, 'duration': 6.345}, {'end': 17393.171, 'text': 'Check out the example.', 'start': 17392.351, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 17395.353, 'text': 'We have my function and the X is our parameter.', 'start': 17393.191, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 17397.995, 'text': 'We are returning 5 into X.', 'start': 17395.773, 'duration': 2.222}, {'end': 17404.02, 'text': "So basically as soon as we pass a number 5 is going to be multiplied to that number and we're going to get the output my function of 3 5 3 is a 15 15.", 'start': 17397.995, 'duration': 6.025}, {'end': 17406.202, 'text': 'So next we have 5 5 5s are 25 25 is correct 9 5s are 45 again.', 'start': 17404.02, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 17407.323, 'text': 'We have 45 as the output.', 'start': 17406.222, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 17417.002, 'text': 'So we go to that right? So let me quickly recap on how the function actually works.', 'start': 17413.2, 'duration': 3.802}], 'summary': 'Explains the concept of default parameter value and return value using an example, showing the output for different input values.', 'duration': 35.799, 'max_score': 17381.203, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN817381203.jpg'}, {'end': 18216.164, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 18188.976, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 18194.701, 'text': "Now, let's move on towards the next topic, which is using Lambda functions within filter map and reduce functions.", 'start': 18188.976, 'duration': 5.725}, {'end': 18201.167, 'text': 'The filter method is used to filter the given iterables which can either be lists sets Etc.', 'start': 18195.802, 'duration': 5.365}, {'end': 18209.981, 'text': 'Now this is done with the help of another function, which is passed as an argument to test all the elements to be either true or false.', 'start': 18202.156, 'duration': 7.825}, {'end': 18216.164, 'text': 'after applying the function to the set of iterables, if the value is true, then that value is returned in the output.', 'start': 18209.981, 'duration': 6.183}], 'summary': 'Using lambda functions in filter to test elements for true or false.', 'duration': 27.188, 'max_score': 18188.976, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN818188976.jpg'}, {'end': 18414.834, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 18387.978, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 18395.583, 'text': "Finally, as we all know, if I divide all these elements by 3 only for 6, I'll get the output as 2.", 'start': 18387.978, 'duration': 7.605}, {'end': 18399.385, 'text': "so I hope everyone's clear with how to use the Lambda function within the filter function.", 'start': 18395.583, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 18407.83, 'text': "So now let's get back to our presentation and see how we can use the Lambda function within the map function guys.", 'start': 18401.606, 'duration': 6.224}, {'end': 18414.834, 'text': 'The map function in Python is a function that applies a given function to all the iterables and returns a new list.', 'start': 18408.07, 'duration': 6.764}], 'summary': 'Using lambda function with map and filter in python.', 'duration': 26.856, 'max_score': 18387.978, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN818387978.jpg'}, {'end': 18715.587, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 18679.729, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 18684.511, 'text': 'So what this reduce function is actually doing is it first adds 23 to 56.', 'start': 18679.729, 'duration': 4.782}, {'end': 18693.453, 'text': 'So guys the first thing that the reduce function does is add 23 and 56.', 'start': 18684.511, 'duration': 8.942}, {'end': 18702.743, 'text': 'And the output of this is going to be 79 Now after adding these two values to this output, it will add 43.', 'start': 18693.453, 'duration': 9.29}, {'end': 18708.705, 'text': "So the 79 it's going to add 43 and it will produce a new output.", 'start': 18702.743, 'duration': 5.962}, {'end': 18715.587, 'text': 'After finding the output of 79 and 48,', 'start': 18713.286, 'duration': 2.301}], 'summary': 'The reduce function adds numbers to produce output: 23+56=79, 79+43=?, 79+48=?', 'duration': 35.858, 'max_score': 18679.729, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN818679729.jpg'}], 'start': 17045.601, 'title': "Python's functions and lambda", 'summary': "Covers python's sorted function, functions and lambda, user-defined functions, lambda functions, and their usage within filter, map, and reduce functions, showcasing examples and practical applications.", 'chapters': [{'end': 17139.129, 'start': 17045.601, 'title': "Python's sorted function", 'summary': 'Explains the sorted function in python, which returns a sorted list of iterable objects, allowing for specification of ascending or descending order, applicable to strings and numbers, with optional parameters key and reverse.', 'duration': 93.528, 'highlights': ['The sorted function in Python returns a sorted list of iterable objects, allowing for specifying ascending or descending order as per requirement.', 'The function can be applied to both strings and numbers, sorting them alphabetically and numerically, respectively.', 'The sorted function does not support sorting a list containing both string values and numeric values, requiring separate sorting for each data type.', 'The syntax for the sorted function includes three parameters: iterable, key (optional), and reverse (optional), where key is a function used to decide the order and reverse is a Boolean function for specifying ascending or descending order.', 'By default, the sorted function sorts in ascending order, with the option to specify descending order by setting the reverse parameter to true.', 'The example demonstrates the use of sorted function to sort a set of values in ascending order, illustrating the default behavior of the function.']}, {'end': 17745.05, 'start': 17139.901, 'title': 'Python functions and lambda', 'summary': "Covers the built-in function 'type' and user-defined functions in python, including syntax, parameters, default parameter values, return values, recursion, and lambda functions, showcasing examples and their outputs.", 'duration': 605.149, 'highlights': ["The built-in function 'type' returns the type of a specified object, with examples showing the type of specified objects like tuple, string, and integer.", 'The chapter introduces user-defined functions in Python, covering the syntax for creating and calling functions, along with parameter passing and default parameter values, demonstrated through examples with different outputs.', 'The concept of return values in functions is explained through examples showcasing the multiplication of a parameter with a constant and the use of recursion, demonstrating the function calling itself and producing outputs based on the recursion.', 'The lambda function is introduced as a small anonymous function that can take any number of arguments but can have only one expression, with examples showcasing the creation of lambda functions for addition, multiplication, and using lambda functions as an anonymous function inside another function to return specific operations.']}, {'end': 18186.934, 'start': 17745.05, 'title': 'Python lambda functions', 'summary': 'Introduces python lambda functions, explaining their purpose, advantages, syntax, and use within higher-order functions, demonstrating how they reduce code size and comparing them to normal functions. it also showcases how anonymous functions are used within user-defined functions, emphasizing the benefits of using lambda functions within higher-order functions.', 'duration': 441.884, 'highlights': ['Lambda functions are used within higher-order functions, which take a function as an input or return it as an output, showcasing their application and relevance within Python programming. demonstrating the application of Lambda functions within higher-order functions, emphasizing their relevance and practical usage within Python programming', 'Demonstrates how Lambda functions reduce the size of code, requiring fewer lines compared to normal functions, exemplifying the efficiency and conciseness of Lambda functions in Python programming. demonstrating the efficiency and conciseness of Lambda functions by reducing the code size compared to normal functions', 'Explains the syntax of Lambda functions, illustrating the usage of lambda operator, arguments, and expression, providing a clear understanding of how to create Lambda functions in Python. providing a clear explanation of the syntax of Lambda functions, including the usage of the lambda operator, arguments, and expression', 'Introduces Python Lambda functions, defining them as nameless or anonymous functions, highlighting their purpose and usage in Python programming. defining Python Lambda functions as nameless or anonymous functions, emphasizing their purpose and usage in Python programming', 'Emphasizes the need and application of Lambda functions when a function is required only once, showcasing their relevance in specific programming scenarios. emphasizing the relevance and application of Lambda functions in scenarios where a function is required only once']}, {'end': 18715.587, 'start': 18188.976, 'title': 'Lambda functions in filter, map, reduce', 'summary': 'Discusses the usage of lambda functions within filter, map, and reduce functions in python, demonstrating their syntax and functionality with examples. it covers how lambda functions are utilized to filter, map, and reduce iterables and showcases the output of each function with specific examples, highlighting the concept and its practical application.', 'duration': 526.611, 'highlights': ['Lambda function within the reduce function is demonstrated with a syntax explanation and an example showing the addition of elements in a sequence. The chapter demonstrates the usage of the Lambda function within the reduce function, showcasing its syntax and functionality. It provides an example where a Lambda function is used to add elements in a sequence (23, 56, 43, 98, 1), resulting in the output of 221.', 'Lambda function within the map function is explained with a syntax demonstration and an example illustrating the application of the Lambda function to check if elements in a list, when divided by 3, do not equal to 2. The chapter explains the usage of the Lambda function within the map function, providing a syntax demonstration and an example where the Lambda function is applied to check if elements in a list, when divided by 3, do not equal to 2, resulting in a list with Boolean values as the output.', 'Lambda function within the filter method is described with a syntax explanation and an example depicting the usage of Lambda function to filter elements in a list based on a specified condition. The chapter describes the Lambda function within the filter method, presenting its syntax and functionality. It provides an example where a Lambda function is utilized to filter elements in a list based on a specified condition, returning the elements that satisfy the expression.']}], 'duration': 1669.986, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN817045601.jpg', 'highlights': ['The sorted function in Python returns a sorted list of iterable objects, allowing for specifying ascending or descending order as per requirement.', 'The lambda function is introduced as a small anonymous function that can take any number of arguments but can have only one expression, with examples showcasing the creation of lambda functions for addition, multiplication, and using lambda functions as an anonymous function inside another function to return specific operations.', 'Lambda functions are used within higher-order functions, which take a function as an input or return it as an output, showcasing their application and relevance within Python programming.', 'Lambda function within the reduce function is demonstrated with a syntax explanation and an example showing the addition of elements in a sequence.', 'The concept of return values in functions is explained through examples showcasing the multiplication of a parameter with a constant and the use of recursion, demonstrating the function calling itself and producing outputs based on the recursion.']}, {'end': 21277.046, 'segs': [{'end': 18931.147, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 18904.292, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 18916.381, 'text': "I'll just save it within a new variable X and I'll use the Lambda function and the arguments or the inputs are a and B.", 'start': 18904.292, 'duration': 12.089}, {'end': 18925.869, 'text': "The expression that I'm going to use is a plus B and like we all know we'll have to use double star when we use powers and then I'll print this X.", 'start': 18916.381, 'duration': 9.488}, {'end': 18931.147, 'text': "I'll pass the values of a and B as 3 comma 4 and I hit run.", 'start': 18927.185, 'duration': 3.962}], 'summary': 'Using lambda function to calculate a + b with values 3, 4.', 'duration': 26.855, 'max_score': 18904.292, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN818904292.jpg'}, {'end': 19161.888, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 19138.182, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 19144.89, 'text': "So I have used array dot array of integer values and I've specified some random integer values here.", 'start': 19138.182, 'duration': 6.708}, {'end': 19147.293, 'text': 'The first array is the name of the module.', 'start': 19144.991, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 19151.759, 'text': "The second array is the array constructor and then I've given a type code.", 'start': 19147.594, 'duration': 4.165}, {'end': 19156.423, 'text': 'This type code specifies what type of elements my array will hold.', 'start': 19152.299, 'duration': 4.124}, {'end': 19158.204, 'text': "as you can see, I've created an array.", 'start': 19156.423, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 19161.888, 'text': "So I hope you're clear with how to create arrays using the first method.", 'start': 19158.725, 'duration': 3.163}], 'summary': 'Demonstrated creating arrays using array constructor with type code.', 'duration': 23.706, 'max_score': 19138.182, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN819138182.jpg'}, {'end': 19230.206, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 19184.184, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 19193.972, 'text': 'As you can see over here when I use import array as ARR ARR here is my alias name when I use this and hit run it does not throw any error.', 'start': 19184.184, 'duration': 9.788}, {'end': 19197.075, 'text': 'Now, let me try to create arrays using this method.', 'start': 19194.633, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 19205.502, 'text': "I'm using int as my data type.", 'start': 19203.701, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 19207.704, 'text': 'You can use any data type of your choice.', 'start': 19205.642, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 19228.824, 'text': 'As you can see that an array has been created with some random integer values in place of the module name array.', 'start': 19222.515, 'duration': 6.309}, {'end': 19230.206, 'text': "I've used ARR.", 'start': 19228.965, 'duration': 1.241}], 'summary': "Using 'import array as arr' creates arrays without errors, with random integer values.", 'duration': 46.022, 'max_score': 19184.184, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN819184184.jpg'}, {'end': 19646.357, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 19600.254, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 19607.101, 'text': "I've specified the index number as 2 and the value to be inserted at that position as 3.4.", 'start': 19600.254, 'duration': 6.847}, {'end': 19612.406, 'text': 'as you can see in the output, 3.4 has been inserted at C of 2.', 'start': 19607.101, 'duration': 5.305}, {'end': 19614.809, 'text': "now let's go to our Jupiter notebook and we'll do the same.", 'start': 19612.406, 'duration': 2.403}, {'end': 19637.769, 'text': "I'll reprint my array which is a so that it's easy for us to refer to it.", 'start': 19633.846, 'duration': 3.923}, {'end': 19644.155, 'text': 'Since my array a holds integer values.', 'start': 19641.733, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 19646.357, 'text': 'I will give some new integer value to it.', 'start': 19644.475, 'duration': 1.882}], 'summary': "Value 3.4 inserted at index 2 of array 'a'.", 'duration': 46.103, 'max_score': 19600.254, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN819600254.jpg'}, {'end': 19800.213, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 19775.278, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 19782.164, 'text': "I've created some random array a and then I've used the pop function without specifying any parameter.", 'start': 19775.278, 'duration': 6.886}, {'end': 19790.211, 'text': 'as you can see in the output, when I do not specify any parameter, the last value present in my array has been popped and returned as well.', 'start': 19782.164, 'duration': 8.047}, {'end': 19795.032, 'text': "Second time, I've used the pop function and I've given some index value.", 'start': 19790.911, 'duration': 4.121}, {'end': 19800.213, 'text': 'Now this pop function will remove the element that is present at this index position.', 'start': 19795.532, 'duration': 4.681}], 'summary': 'Demonstrated pop function on an array, showing its behavior with and without index parameter.', 'duration': 24.935, 'max_score': 19775.278, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN819775278.jpg'}, {'end': 20074.504, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 20046.812, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 20051.376, 'text': 'Let me just show you what happens if I try to concatenate arrays of different data types.', 'start': 20046.812, 'duration': 4.564}, {'end': 20056.756, 'text': "I'll just change one of my previously created arrays type code and I'll give it as float.", 'start': 20051.994, 'duration': 4.762}, {'end': 20063.399, 'text': "Let's see what happens when I change the type code and I try to concatenate these two arrays.", 'start': 20058.877, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 20071.883, 'text': "You can see that I've encountered an error and it says type error, which means it cannot concatenate two arrays of different data types.", 'start': 20063.999, 'duration': 7.884}, {'end': 20074.504, 'text': "So just be careful when you're concatenating arrays.", 'start': 20072.283, 'duration': 2.221}], 'summary': 'Concatenating arrays of different data types leads to a type error.', 'duration': 27.692, 'max_score': 20046.812, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN820046812.jpg'}, {'end': 20666.535, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 20634.621, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 20636.842, 'text': 'So what exactly is an init function in?', 'start': 20634.621, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 20641.044, 'text': 'it function automatically gets called each time an object is created for a class.', 'start': 20636.842, 'duration': 4.202}, {'end': 20645.927, 'text': 'now, when we add an init function to a parent class, a child class will not be able to access the parent class method.', 'start': 20641.044, 'duration': 4.883}, {'end': 20650.769, 'text': 'So to overcome this the child class in it function overrides the parent class in it function.', 'start': 20646.487, 'duration': 4.282}, {'end': 20655.931, 'text': "So now let's take a look at an example to understand this now to show how in it function works.", 'start': 20651.309, 'duration': 4.622}, {'end': 20662.193, 'text': 'Let me first clear this We will write a init function over here.', 'start': 20656.131, 'duration': 6.062}, {'end': 20666.535, 'text': 'Yes, and instead of self I will add one more variable.', 'start': 20662.933, 'duration': 3.602}], 'summary': 'The init function is automatically called when an object is created for a class, and when added to a parent class, the child class overrides it to access the parent class method.', 'duration': 31.914, 'max_score': 20634.621, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN820634621.jpg'}], 'start': 18715.587, 'title': 'Python arrays, operations, and inheritance', 'summary': 'Covers lambda functions for algebraic expressions, creating arrays with different methods, accessing array elements, basic array operations such as length finding, adding, changing, and removing elements, array concatenation, slicing, and looping. it also explains python inheritance, init function usage, method overriding, and different types of inheritance with examples.', 'chapters': [{'end': 19423.292, 'start': 18715.587, 'title': 'Lambda functions, arrays, and accessing elements', 'summary': 'Covers the usage of lambda functions for algebraic expressions, creation of arrays in python using different methods, and accessing array elements including negative indexing. it also explains the differences between python lists and arrays, as well as the concept of array indexing. key points include solving linear and quadratic equations using lambda functions, creating arrays using array module with different methods, and accessing array elements with both positive and negative indexing.', 'duration': 707.705, 'highlights': ['Solving linear and quadratic equations using Lambda functions The chapter demonstrates the use of Lambda functions to solve linear and quadratic equations, with examples such as s of 4 resulting in 16 and D of 4, 7 resulting in 40.', 'Creating arrays in Python using different methods The transcript explains three methods for creating arrays in Python, including importing the array module by its original name, using an alias name, and using star from array import star, with examples provided for each method.', 'Accessing array elements including negative indexing The chapter covers the process of accessing array elements using index values and demonstrates negative indexing to access elements from the right-hand side, with examples showing how to access elements at specific index values and using negative index values.', 'Differences between Python lists and arrays The distinction between Python lists and arrays is explained, highlighting that arrays can store only single data type values while lists can store any data type values, and clarifying the implications of these differences in performing operations such as multiplication or division.']}, {'end': 19938.477, 'start': 19424.252, 'title': 'Array operations basics', 'summary': 'Covers basic array operations including finding the length of an array, adding or changing elements, removing elements, and looping through an array, with examples of using len, append, extend, insert, pop, and remove functions in python.', 'duration': 514.225, 'highlights': ['The len function returns the number of elements in the array. The len function returns an integer value equal to the number of elements in the array, demonstrated with examples yielding 3 and 6 for different arrays.', 'The append function adds an element to the end of the array. The append function adds a specified value to the end of the array, shown with an example adding 3.4 to the array.', 'The extend function adds multiple elements to the end of the array. The extend function adds multiple specified values to the end of the array, with a caution to use square brackets, illustrated with an example adding three new values to the array.', 'The insert function adds a new element to a specific position in the array. The insert function adds a specified value to a particular position in the array, exemplified by inserting 3.4 at index 2 of the array.', 'The pop function removes and returns the specified element from the array. The pop function removes and returns the specified element, demonstrated by removing the last value and a value at a specific index from the array.']}, {'end': 20449.456, 'start': 19939.077, 'title': 'Array concatenation & slicing; looping through an array', 'summary': 'Covers the concepts of array concatenation and slicing, demonstrating the process with random arrays a, b, c, and d, depicting the concatenation of a and b into c, as well as the impact of concatenating arrays of different data types. additionally, it delves into the concept of slicing arrays using the colon symbol and presents examples of utilizing the for and while loops to iterate through arrays, emphasizing the importance of initializing, specifying conditions, and incrementing iterators.', 'duration': 510.379, 'highlights': ['Array Concatenation Demonstrated the process of concatenating arrays A and B into C, showcasing the impact of concatenating arrays with different data types.', 'Array Slicing Explained the concept of slicing arrays using the colon symbol and provided examples of slicing arrays in the Jupyter notebook, including the use of negative index values and the colon colon minus 1 syntax to print a reversed copy of the array.', 'Looping Through an Array Illustrated the usage of for and while loops to iterate through arrays, emphasizing the need to initialize, specify conditions, and increment iterators, with practical demonstrations of using for loops to print specific elements and while loops to iterate through arrays based on conditions.']}, {'end': 20789.56, 'start': 20449.456, 'title': 'Introduction to python inheritance', 'summary': "Explains the concept of inheritance in python, highlighting code reusability, transitive property, and resemblance to real-life relationships, and demonstrates the use of inheritance with a practical example. it also discusses the init function and its usage in parent and child classes, showcasing how the child class's init function overrides the parent class's init function.", 'duration': 340.104, 'highlights': ['Inheritance is mainly used for code reusability, avoiding redundant code, and providing a transitive property and resemblance to real-life relationships between classes. Inheritance in Python provides code reusability, avoiding redundant code, and offering a transitive property and resemblance to real-life relationships between classes.', 'Demonstrates a practical example of inheritance by creating parent and child classes, showcasing how the child class inherits properties from the parent class. The practical example illustrates the creation of parent and child classes, demonstrating how the child class inherits properties from the parent class.', "Explains the init function, its automatic invocation when an object is created for a class, and how the child class's init function overrides the parent class's init function, providing an example to showcase this behavior. The chapter explains the init function, its automatic invocation upon object creation, and how the child class's init function overrides the parent class's init function, with a practical example demonstrating this behavior."]}, {'end': 21277.046, 'start': 20789.58, 'title': 'Python inheritance and method overriding', 'summary': 'Discusses types of inheritance in python, including single inheritance, multiple inheritance, multi-level inheritance, hierarchical inheritance, and hybrid inheritance, with examples and explanations. it also covers the super function, demonstrating how it directly calls the parent class method, and method overriding for changing the functionality of the parent class function.', 'duration': 487.466, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses types of inheritance in Python, including single inheritance, multiple inheritance, multi-level inheritance, hierarchical inheritance, and hybrid inheritance, with examples and explanations. The chapter explains the different types of inheritance in Python, such as single inheritance, multiple inheritance, multi-level inheritance, hierarchical inheritance, and hybrid inheritance, providing examples and detailed explanations.', 'It also covers the super function, demonstrating how it directly calls the parent class method. The chapter introduces the super function, showcasing its ability to directly call the parent class method, providing a simple example to illustrate its functionality.', 'Method overriding is discussed for changing the functionality of the parent class function. The chapter explains method overriding in Python, illustrating how it can be used to change the functionality of the parent class function, with a clear example to demonstrate its implementation.']}], 'duration': 2561.459, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN818715587.jpg', 'highlights': ['Demonstrates a practical example of inheritance by creating parent and child classes, showcasing how the child class inherits properties from the parent class.', 'Explains the different types of inheritance in Python, such as single inheritance, multiple inheritance, multi-level inheritance, hierarchical inheritance, and hybrid inheritance, providing examples and detailed explanations.', "The chapter explains the init function, its automatic invocation upon object creation, and how the child class's init function overrides the parent class's init function, with a practical example demonstrating this behavior.", 'The chapter discusses types of inheritance in Python, including single inheritance, multiple inheritance, multi-level inheritance, hierarchical inheritance, and hybrid inheritance, with examples and explanations.', 'Method overriding is discussed for changing the functionality of the parent class function.', 'The chapter introduces the super function, showcasing its ability to directly call the parent class method, providing a simple example to illustrate its functionality.', 'Solving linear and quadratic equations using Lambda functions The chapter demonstrates the use of Lambda functions to solve linear and quadratic equations, with examples such as s of 4 resulting in 16 and D of 4, 7 resulting in 40.', 'Creating arrays in Python using different methods The transcript explains three methods for creating arrays in Python, including importing the array module by its original name, using an alias name, and using star from array import star, with examples provided for each method.', 'Accessing array elements including negative indexing The chapter covers the process of accessing array elements using index values and demonstrates negative indexing to access elements from the right-hand side, with examples showing how to access elements at specific index values and using negative index values.', 'Differences between Python lists and arrays The distinction between Python lists and arrays is explained, highlighting that arrays can store only single data type values while lists can store any data type values, and clarifying the implications of these differences in performing operations such as multiplication or division.']}, {'end': 24097.39, 'segs': [{'end': 22187.777, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 22157.321, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 22164.265, 'text': "We directly ran into an exception immediately and we did not get to the part where we'll actually try to open our file dot log right now.", 'start': 22157.321, 'duration': 6.944}, {'end': 22168.988, 'text': "basically, when you actually run it on Linux machine, it's going to says no file or directory found.", 'start': 22164.265, 'duration': 4.723}, {'end': 22169.769, 'text': 'check it out here, guys.', 'start': 22168.988, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 22173.591, 'text': 'So this is the Windows output that you get and this is the Linux output guys.', 'start': 22170.209, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 22178.773, 'text': 'Well at this point, let us take a quick break and check out what are the key takeaways of this particular module guys.', 'start': 22174.011, 'duration': 4.762}, {'end': 22179.693, 'text': 'So, basically,', 'start': 22179.073, 'duration': 0.62}, {'end': 22187.777, 'text': 'a try clause is executed up until the point where the first exception is encountered and inside the except clause or the exception handle of what we basically call it.', 'start': 22179.693, 'duration': 8.084}], 'summary': 'Encountered exception on linux, file not found. key takeaway: try clause, exception handling.', 'duration': 30.456, 'max_score': 22157.321, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN822157321.jpg'}, {'end': 22344.892, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 22320.246, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 22326.574, 'text': 'with all of the concepts that we discussed until now and next up, we need to check out how we can actually use the finally clause guys.', 'start': 22320.246, 'duration': 6.328}, {'end': 22332.601, 'text': 'Well to begin with imagine that you always had to implement some sort of action to clean up executing your code guys.', 'start': 22326.994, 'duration': 5.607}, {'end': 22338.728, 'text': 'Well Python basically enables you to do so using the finally clause have a look at the following example guys.', 'start': 22332.881, 'duration': 5.847}, {'end': 22340.729, 'text': 'Check out the workflow on your screen.', 'start': 22339.228, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 22344.892, 'text': "I'm pretty sure we're all familiar with try, except and else at this point of time, right?", 'start': 22341.169, 'duration': 3.723}], 'summary': "Python's finally clause allows clean-up actions after executing code.", 'duration': 24.646, 'max_score': 22320.246, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN822320246.jpg'}, {'end': 22495.405, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 22467.287, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 22473.431, 'text': 'So first of all, we have keep alive and connection pooling and then we have elegant key value cookies then coming on to the next one.', 'start': 22467.287, 'duration': 6.144}, {'end': 22477.894, 'text': 'We have International domains and URLs and automatic decompression as well.', 'start': 22473.471, 'duration': 4.423}, {'end': 22482.337, 'text': 'And then we have sessions with cookies persistence and Unicode response bodies.', 'start': 22477.914, 'duration': 4.423}, {'end': 22487.721, 'text': 'Then we have browser style SSL verification and HTTPS proxy support as well.', 'start': 22482.757, 'duration': 4.964}, {'end': 22495.405, 'text': 'There is automatic content decoding and multi-part file uploads and then there is basic authentication and streaming downloads as well.', 'start': 22488.201, 'duration': 7.204}], 'summary': 'The transcript discusses various features including connection pooling, cookies, international domains, automatic decompression, sessions, ssl verification, http proxy support, content decoding, file uploads, basic authentication, and streaming downloads.', 'duration': 28.118, 'max_score': 22467.287, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN822467287.jpg'}, {'end': 22726.94, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 22702.381, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 22708.857, 'text': "I will use the response object and let's get the text over here using the response object.", 'start': 22702.381, 'duration': 6.476}, {'end': 22716.798, 'text': "whatever we have on the server, and when I run this I will be getting the text for this URL that I've just provided, as you can see over here.", 'start': 22708.857, 'duration': 7.941}, {'end': 22719.819, 'text': 'So this is how you can make a get request guys.', 'start': 22717.599, 'duration': 2.22}, {'end': 22724.02, 'text': 'Now, let me show you how you can actually pass parameters inside your URL also.', 'start': 22720.199, 'duration': 3.821}, {'end': 22726.94, 'text': "So what I'll do is I just make one variable.", 'start': 22724.58, 'duration': 2.36}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates making a get request and passing parameters in a url using response object.', 'duration': 24.559, 'max_score': 22702.381, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN822702381.jpg'}, {'end': 23010.36, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 22983.999, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 22991.421, 'text': "Let's say key 1 is equal to value 1 and then over here using the cookies parameter.", 'start': 22983.999, 'duration': 7.422}, {'end': 22994.362, 'text': 'I will just pass cookies here.', 'start': 22992.061, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 23000.316, 'text': "So I'll just write text over here, and when I run this, I should be getting a dictionary with the cookie jar,", 'start': 22995.054, 'duration': 5.262}, {'end': 23004.318, 'text': 'which actually has the cookies named as key 1 and value 1..', 'start': 23000.316, 'duration': 4.002}, {'end': 23010.36, 'text': "So this is how you can actually make your own cookies inside a web server and then I'll show you what you can do with headers as well.", 'start': 23004.318, 'duration': 6.042}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating creation of cookies and usage of headers in web server.', 'duration': 26.361, 'max_score': 22983.999, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN822983999.jpg'}, {'end': 23414.751, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 23377.17, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 23379.051, 'text': "So I'll say import time and I'll hit run.", 'start': 23377.17, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 23384.552, 'text': "Okay So first I'll be making use of the time method present in the time module.", 'start': 23380.191, 'duration': 4.361}, {'end': 23388.354, 'text': "So I'll just say time dot time and I'll hit run.", 'start': 23385.013, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 23394.296, 'text': "So like I've already told y'all this method returns the number of seconds that have passed since the epoch.", 'start': 23389.134, 'duration': 5.162}, {'end': 23395.476, 'text': "So I'll hit run.", 'start': 23394.916, 'duration': 0.56}, {'end': 23400.708, 'text': 'Okay, So here is the number of seconds that have passed since the Epoch.', 'start': 23396.827, 'duration': 3.881}, {'end': 23405.149, 'text': 'now, if I want to convert it to the current date and time, I can make use of the C type method.', 'start': 23400.708, 'duration': 4.441}, {'end': 23414.751, 'text': "So I'll just have to use time dot C time now if I want to convert this into the current date and time I can make use of the C time method to do this.", 'start': 23405.449, 'duration': 9.302}], 'summary': 'Using time module to calculate seconds since the epoch and convert to current date and time.', 'duration': 37.581, 'max_score': 23377.17, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN823377170.jpg'}, {'end': 23467.172, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 23441, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 23448.503, 'text': "So I'll just say help time and if I want to fetch data about the time method, I'll just say time dot time and I'll hit run.", 'start': 23441, 'duration': 7.503}, {'end': 23454.965, 'text': 'So as you all can see it says that this method returns the current time in seconds since the epoch.', 'start': 23449.663, 'duration': 5.302}, {'end': 23461.929, 'text': 'Similarly if you use help on any method or function, it will return the corresponding information about that function.', 'start': 23455.686, 'duration': 6.243}, {'end': 23467.172, 'text': "Okay, so moving on I'll be making use of the local time method and see what it returns.", 'start': 23462.749, 'duration': 4.423}], 'summary': 'Using the help function to fetch information about the time method, it returns the current time in seconds since the epoch.', 'duration': 26.172, 'max_score': 23441, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN823441000.jpg'}, {'end': 23621.193, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 23589.786, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 23592.047, 'text': 'You can make use of the ASC time method.', 'start': 23589.786, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 23598.419, 'text': "So like I've already told you all before the local time method returns the current time in the struct time format.", 'start': 23592.856, 'duration': 5.563}, {'end': 23606.964, 'text': "I'll be using the variable a which stores the struct time format of the current date and time to convert it to the local format and to do this.", 'start': 23599, 'duration': 7.964}, {'end': 23611.807, 'text': "I'll create some new variables AC and then I'll use ASC time method.", 'start': 23607.064, 'duration': 4.743}, {'end': 23621.193, 'text': "So time dot ASC time and I'll pass the parameter to it as a and then I'll just print out C.", 'start': 23612.428, 'duration': 8.765}], 'summary': 'Using asc time method to convert current time to local format.', 'duration': 31.407, 'max_score': 23589.786, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN823589786.jpg'}], 'start': 21277.046, 'title': 'Python exception handling and requests', 'summary': 'Discusses method overriding and exception handling in python, covering the process, syntax errors, raising custom exceptions, and using try and except blocks. additionally, it explores specific exception classes, try-except-else-finally clauses, and advanced features of python requests. this includes making get and post requests, handling response content, cookies, headers, and a practical use case of creating a weather app using django and the requests library.', 'chapters': [{'end': 21381.017, 'start': 21277.046, 'title': 'Method overriding and exception handling in python', 'summary': 'Discusses method overriding in python and the importance of exception handling, highlighting how overriding is performed and the significance of handling exceptions when dividing by zero in python, and the types of errors and exceptions encountered.', 'duration': 103.971, 'highlights': ['Method overriding in Python is demonstrated, showcasing how a child class can override a method from its parent class.', 'The significance of exception handling in Python is explained, emphasizing the importance of handling errors and exceptions, such as when trying to divide by zero.', 'The chapter provides a practical example of attempting to divide by zero in Python, which results in a specific error message being displayed.', 'The concept of dividing by zero is discussed, highlighting the incorrect understanding a child might have and the correct approach a programmer takes, emphasizing the impossibility of dividing by zero.']}, {'end': 22090.277, 'start': 21381.757, 'title': 'Exception handling in python', 'summary': 'Explores exception handling in python, covering the definition of exceptions, the process of exception handling, syntax errors, raising custom exceptions, handling assertion errors, and using try and except blocks to catch and handle exceptions.', 'duration': 708.52, 'highlights': ['Python comes with various built-in exceptions and the possibility to create self-defined exceptions as well. Python offers various built-in exceptions and the ability to create custom exceptions, expanding the flexibility of exception handling.', 'The chapter explains the process of exception handling in Python, including defining exceptions, the process of exception handling, and the use of try and except blocks to catch and handle exceptions. The chapter provides a comprehensive explanation of the process of exception handling in Python, covering the definition of exceptions and the utilization of try and except blocks for catching and handling exceptions.', 'Syntax errors occur when the parser detects an incorrect statement, and Python details the type of exception error encountered, such as a zero division error. Python highlights the occurrence of syntax errors and specifies the type of exception error, exemplified by the demonstration of a zero division error.']}, {'end': 22385.232, 'start': 22090.797, 'title': 'Handling exceptions in python', 'summary': 'Explains how to handle exceptions in python, emphasizing the importance of avoiding bare except clauses, utilizing specific exception classes, and implementing the try, except, else, and finally clauses for effective error handling and program cleanup.', 'duration': 294.435, 'highlights': ["A try clause is executed until the first exception is encountered, and the except clause allows determining the program's response to the exception. The try clause stops at the first exception, and the except clause handles the program's response to the exception.", 'It is crucial to avoid using bare except clauses in Python programs and instead refer to specific exception classes for effective error handling. Bare except clauses should be avoided, and specific exception classes should be utilized for error handling.', 'The else clause enables executing a set of code only in the absence of exceptions, providing a structured approach to error handling. Using the else clause allows executing code only in the absence of exceptions, contributing to structured error handling.', 'The finally clause facilitates implementing actions to clean up code execution, ensuring its execution regardless of the presence of exceptions. The finally clause enables implementing clean-up actions, ensuring their execution regardless of the presence of exceptions.']}, {'end': 23286.426, 'start': 22385.432, 'title': 'Python requests: advanced features and use cases', 'summary': 'Covers the advanced features of python requests, including its popularity, key features, installation process, making get and post requests, handling response content, cookies and headers, session objects, errors and exceptions, and a practical use case of creating a weather app using django and the requests library.', 'duration': 900.994, 'highlights': ['Python Requests: Advanced Features and Use Cases The chapter covers the advanced features of Python requests, including its popularity, key features, installation process, making GET and POST requests, handling response content, cookies and headers, session objects, errors and exceptions, and a practical use case of creating a weather app using Django and the requests library.', 'Python Requests popularity and features Python Requests is a popular module with more than 400,000 downloads every day, providing human-friendly HTTP requests and features like passing parameters in the URL and passing custom headers.', "Installing Python Requests using pip To install Python Requests, the command 'pip install request' is used, or it can be added through the project interpreter in PyCharm.", 'Making GET and POST requests The chapter demonstrates making GET and POST requests using Python Requests, including passing parameters in the URL and submitting data to the server.', 'Handling response content The chapter covers accessing response content, such as status code, cookies, headers, and content format (e.g., JSON objects) using Python Requests.', "Cookies and headers in Python Requests The chapter explains accessing servers' response headers and cookies using Python Requests, and the ability to send custom cookies to the server.", 'Session objects and their persistence Session objects in Python Requests allow persisting parameters and cookies across requests, leading to performance improvements and offering all the methods of the main request API.', 'Errors and exceptions in Python Requests The chapter discusses various errors and exceptions in Python Requests, such as connection error, HTTP error, timeout exception, and too many redirects exception.', 'Practical use case of creating a weather app using Django and requests library The chapter demonstrates a practical use case of creating a weather app using Django and the requests library to make requests to a web API and retrieve weather information based on the specified city.']}, {'end': 24097.39, 'start': 23292.205, 'title': 'Time module and date time module', 'summary': 'Covers the time module, including its important methods such as time, c time, sleep, local time, gm time, mk time, asc time, and the date time module with its constructor, today and now methods, along with the time delta method for calculating the difference between two dates.', 'duration': 805.185, 'highlights': ['The time module includes important methods such as time, C time, sleep, local time, GM time, MK time, and ASC time, which provide functionalities such as returning the number of seconds since the Epoch, current date and time, pausing thread execution, converting time to UTC format, and formatting time as a string. The time module encompasses crucial methods like time, C time, sleep, local time, GM time, MK time, and ASC time, which offer functionalities like returning the number of seconds since the Epoch, current date and time, pausing thread execution, converting time to UTC format, and formatting time as a string.', 'The local time method returns the current date and time in the struct time format, which includes attributes such as year, month, day, hour, minute, second, weekday, yearday, and daylight saving time. The local time method returns the current date and time in the struct time format, including attributes like year, month, day, hour, minute, second, weekday, yearday, and daylight saving time.', 'The MK time method can take a tuple of up to nine parameters and returns the seconds past since the Epoch, allowing for flexibility in handling time data. The MK time method can take a tuple of up to nine parameters and returns the seconds past since the Epoch, providing flexibility in handling time data.', 'The ASC time method converts the struct time format to the local format, allowing for the representation of date and time in a user-friendly manner. The ASC time method converts the struct time format to the local format, enabling the representation of date and time in a user-friendly manner.', 'The date time module includes essential methods such as the date time constructor, today, now, and time Delta for creating and manipulating date and time objects. The date time module encompasses essential methods like the date time constructor, today, now, and time Delta for creating and manipulating date and time objects.']}], 'duration': 2820.344, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN821277046.jpg', 'highlights': ['Python Requests is a popular module with more than 400,000 downloads every day, providing human-friendly HTTP requests and features like passing parameters in the URL and passing custom headers.', 'The chapter covers the advanced features of Python requests, including its popularity, key features, installation process, making GET and POST requests, handling response content, cookies and headers, session objects, errors and exceptions, and a practical use case of creating a weather app using Django and the requests library.', 'The chapter provides a practical example of attempting to divide by zero in Python, which results in a specific error message being displayed.', 'The concept of dividing by zero is discussed, highlighting the incorrect understanding a child might have and the correct approach a programmer takes, emphasizing the impossibility of dividing by zero.', 'Python comes with various built-in exceptions and the possibility to create self-defined exceptions as well. Python offers various built-in exceptions and the ability to create custom exceptions, expanding the flexibility of exception handling.', 'The chapter explains the process of exception handling in Python, including defining exceptions, the process of exception handling, and the use of try and except blocks to catch and handle exceptions. The chapter provides a comprehensive explanation of the process of exception handling in Python, covering the definition of exceptions and the utilization of try and except blocks for catching and handling exceptions.', "A try clause is executed until the first exception is encountered, and the except clause allows determining the program's response to the exception. The try clause stops at the first exception, and the except clause handles the program's response to the exception.", 'It is crucial to avoid using bare except clauses in Python programs and instead refer to specific exception classes for effective error handling. Bare except clauses should be avoided, and specific exception classes should be utilized for error handling.', 'The else clause enables executing a set of code only in the absence of exceptions, providing a structured approach to error handling. Using the else clause allows executing code only in the absence of exceptions, contributing to structured error handling.', 'The finally clause facilitates implementing actions to clean up code execution, ensuring its execution regardless of the presence of exceptions. The finally clause enables implementing clean-up actions, ensuring their execution regardless of the presence of exceptions.']}, {'end': 26566.169, 'segs': [{'end': 24356.878, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 24329.984, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 24333.926, 'text': 'So a regular expression is basically used for describing a search pattern.', 'start': 24329.984, 'duration': 3.942}, {'end': 24339.729, 'text': 'So you can use regular expression for searching a specific string in a large amount of data.', 'start': 24334.546, 'duration': 5.183}, {'end': 24343.311, 'text': 'You can even verify that that string has a proper format or not.', 'start': 24340.31, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 24351.556, 'text': 'You can find a string and replace it with another string and you can even format the data into a proper form for importing for example.', 'start': 24343.751, 'duration': 7.805}, {'end': 24354.215, 'text': 'So these are all uses of regular expressions.', 'start': 24352.233, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 24356.878, 'text': "Now over here I've shown you an example.", 'start': 24354.756, 'duration': 2.122}], 'summary': 'Regular expressions are used to search, verify format, find/replace strings, and format data for importing.', 'duration': 26.894, 'max_score': 24329.984, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN824329984.jpg'}, {'end': 24399.303, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 24374.956, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 24380.917, 'text': 'I can identify a pattern and with the help of regular expression, I can convert that to a dictionary,', 'start': 24374.956, 'duration': 5.961}, {'end': 24383.718, 'text': 'and in that dictionary only the name and age will appear.', 'start': 24380.917, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 24391.74, 'text': 'Now my question is to you all guys, can you identify a pattern in order to get the name and age? Just give a guess.', 'start': 24384.118, 'duration': 7.622}, {'end': 24394.021, 'text': 'You just need to identify the pattern.', 'start': 24392.461, 'duration': 1.56}, {'end': 24399.303, 'text': 'Alright so Sarah says all the ages are in the form of integers.', 'start': 24395.762, 'duration': 3.541}], 'summary': 'Using regular expressions, we can extract names and ages to form a dictionary. the ages are in the form of integers.', 'duration': 24.347, 'max_score': 24374.956, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN824374956.jpg'}, {'end': 24588.785, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 24552.701, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 24555.241, 'text': "So what I'm going to type in, you don't need to worry about that.", 'start': 24552.701, 'duration': 2.54}, {'end': 24557.202, 'text': "I'm just showing you that you can actually do it.", 'start': 24555.301, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 24559.203, 'text': "I'm just giving an example.", 'start': 24557.982, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 24573.8, 'text': 're.findAll are one comma three, because all of my ages are two digits, are of two digits, and then write the name of the string.', 'start': 24559.923, 'duration': 13.877}, {'end': 24576.301, 'text': 'And for names, what are you gonna do??', 'start': 24574.68, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 24588.785, 'text': "You're gonna type in names equal to similar to that, ari.findall R and my first letter is an uppercase letter that is between A to Z.", 'start': 24576.321, 'duration': 12.464}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating how to use re.findall to match specific patterns in a string.', 'duration': 36.084, 'max_score': 24552.701, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN824552701.jpg'}, {'end': 25163.144, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 25136.41, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 25147.734, 'text': "Now I'm again going to use a for loop in which I'm going to type in for I in all string, give a colon, print I, it's that simple.", 'start': 25136.41, 'duration': 11.324}, {'end': 25150.935, 'text': 'Go ahead and execute this and see what happens.', 'start': 25148.254, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 25155.116, 'text': 'So yep, it prints hat, mat and pad.', 'start': 25152.255, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 25159.143, 'text': 'But one thing to notice here guys, it will not print SAT.', 'start': 25155.802, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 25163.144, 'text': 'Why it is not printing SAT? Because it is an uppercase letter.', 'start': 25159.523, 'duration': 3.621}], 'summary': 'Demonstrated for loop printing lowercase letters, excluding uppercase letter.', 'duration': 26.734, 'max_score': 25136.41, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN825136410.jpg'}, {'end': 25690.164, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 25661.442, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 25665.965, 'text': 'Similarly you have backslash T for tab.', 'start': 25661.442, 'duration': 4.523}, {'end': 25670.189, 'text': 'And you have vertical tabs as well.', 'start': 25667.867, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 25674.012, 'text': 'So for that we have backslash V, vertical tab.', 'start': 25670.269, 'duration': 3.743}, {'end': 25677.7, 'text': 'So these are the white spaces that you can work with.', 'start': 25675.819, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 25682.522, 'text': "Now let's see how to match a single character that we have discussed in our slides.", 'start': 25678.42, 'duration': 4.102}, {'end': 25684.222, 'text': 'So let me first remove all of this.', 'start': 25682.582, 'duration': 1.64}, {'end': 25688.464, 'text': 'All right, so let me define one more variable.', 'start': 25685.963, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 25690.164, 'text': "I'll name it as random string again.", 'start': 25688.584, 'duration': 1.58}], 'summary': 'Transcript covers usage of white space characters and matching single characters.', 'duration': 28.722, 'max_score': 25661.442, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN825661442.jpg'}, {'end': 26184.828, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 26121.368, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 26127.992, 'text': "Similarly, if I write here an uppercase S, can you guess what it'll be? All right, so everybody almost guessed it.", 'start': 26121.368, 'duration': 6.624}, {'end': 26139.258, 'text': "So basically, it'll be equal to a caret and form feed, new line, backslash R tab, as well as vertical tabs.", 'start': 26128.372, 'duration': 10.886}, {'end': 26147.902, 'text': "So it'll include anything but backslash F, backslash N, backslash R, backslash D, and backslash V.", 'start': 26139.738, 'duration': 8.164}, {'end': 26149.083, 'text': 'Let me just comment this.', 'start': 26147.902, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 26157.125, 'text': "All right, so now let's go ahead and validate whether a valid full name is present or not.", 'start': 26152.884, 'duration': 4.241}, {'end': 26162.667, 'text': "So for that, what I'm going to do is I'm going to type in a condition, if re.search.", 'start': 26157.686, 'duration': 4.981}, {'end': 26173.271, 'text': "Now over here, what I need to do is, can you guys tell me? All right, so first I'm going to type in W.", 'start': 26165.288, 'duration': 7.983}, {'end': 26180.345, 'text': 'And range of W should be between two to 20.', 'start': 26173.271, 'duration': 7.074}, {'end': 26184.828, 'text': 'then in between I want a space so I can just type in as.', 'start': 26180.345, 'duration': 4.483}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates regex pattern for validating full name with 2-20 characters.', 'duration': 63.46, 'max_score': 26121.368, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN826121368.jpg'}, {'end': 26346.479, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 26295.311, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 26306.696, 'text': 'I can have mdadarate.com, adarateseo.com.', 'start': 26295.311, 'duration': 11.385}, {'end': 26318.572, 'text': 'Now I can have one more and I can name it as DC Let me just remove the space.', 'start': 26307.736, 'duration': 10.836}, {'end': 26320.073, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 26319.753, 'duration': 0.32}, {'end': 26329.078, 'text': "So now what I'll type in, I'll type in print email matches, give a colon.", 'start': 26320.914, 'duration': 8.164}, {'end': 26336.483, 'text': "And after the space, I'm going to type in length re.findall.", 'start': 26329.859, 'duration': 6.624}, {'end': 26343.058, 'text': 'Open the parentheses and over there In the square braces what I want.', 'start': 26337.744, 'duration': 5.314}, {'end': 26346.479, 'text': 'first I want anything, then I want a period.', 'start': 26343.058, 'duration': 3.421}], 'summary': 'Creating a new domain named dc and writing code to find email matches.', 'duration': 51.168, 'max_score': 26295.311, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN826295311.jpg'}, {'end': 26573.673, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 26544.269, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 26547.612, 'text': "which means that there'll be three digits inside the parenthesis.", 'start': 26544.269, 'duration': 3.343}, {'end': 26554.723, 'text': "After that there's a space, then again we have three digits, then we have a hyphen, and then finally we have four digits.", 'start': 26548.78, 'duration': 5.943}, {'end': 26558.565, 'text': 'Then save it in HTML, STR, and then finally print it.', 'start': 26555.143, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 26561.847, 'text': 'Now let us go ahead and execute this and see what happens.', 'start': 26559.205, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 26566.169, 'text': 'So we have scraped all the four numbers that were there.', 'start': 26564.128, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 26570.451, 'text': 'This is how it looks like, and we made use of regular expressions.', 'start': 26567.049, 'duration': 3.402}, {'end': 26573.673, 'text': 'So you can use regular expressions for web scraping as well.', 'start': 26570.771, 'duration': 2.902}], 'summary': 'Using regular expressions, scraped four numbers from the given format.', 'duration': 29.404, 'max_score': 26544.269, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN826544269.jpg'}], 'start': 24103.293, 'title': 'Regular expressions in python', 'summary': 'Covers benefits of regular expressions, regular expressions for data analysis, regular expressions in python, matching words with regex and string operations, using regular expressions for matching characters and dealing with white spaces, and python regular expressions, with applications in various programming languages.', 'chapters': [{'end': 24179.964, 'start': 24103.293, 'title': 'Benefits of regular expressions', 'summary': 'Discusses the various problems that regular expressions help to solve, including extracting specific information from log files and verifying the format of email addresses to identify fake ones.', 'duration': 76.671, 'highlights': ['Regular expressions help in identifying and extracting specific information like date and time from log files, making the log file format understandable (e.g., date and time extraction from a log file).', 'Regular expressions aid in verifying the format of email addresses, allowing for the identification of correct and fake email addresses (e.g., verifying email address formats to distinguish fake addresses).']}, {'end': 24475.542, 'start': 24181.125, 'title': 'Regular expressions for data analysis', 'summary': 'Covers the use of regular expressions to solve problems such as identifying correct and fake phone numbers, replacing outdated area codes in a student database, and extracting specific data patterns from a string, with applications in various programming languages.', 'duration': 294.417, 'highlights': ['Regular expressions can be used to identify correct and fake phone numbers, as well as to determine the geographical area of a phone number, such as USA or India. Using regular expressions, the salesperson can identify correct and fake phone numbers and determine the geographical area of each phone number, such as USA or India.', 'Regular expressions can be used to replace outdated area codes in a student database, saving time and effort. Regular expressions can be used to find and replace outdated area codes in a student database, saving time and effort involved in manual updates.', 'Regular expressions are compatible with multiple programming languages, including Java, PHP, C, hash, Groovy, Swift, Ruby, and JavaScript. Regular expressions are compatible with various programming languages, including Java, PHP, C, hash, Groovy, Swift, Ruby, and JavaScript, making it widely applicable.', 'Regular expressions are used to describe a search pattern, search for specific strings, verify proper string formats, replace strings, and format data for importing. Regular expressions are used to describe search patterns, verify string formats, replace strings, and format data for importing, demonstrating their versatile applications.', 'Identifying patterns using regular expressions involves recognizing uppercase letters for names and integers for ages in a given string. Regular expressions can be used to identify patterns in a string, such as recognizing uppercase letters for names and integers for ages, enabling extraction of specific data.']}, {'end': 25052.312, 'start': 24475.983, 'title': 'Regular expressions in python', 'summary': 'Covers using regular expressions in python to extract name and age from a string, and demonstrates finding a word in a string and generating an iterator to obtain the starting and ending index for the word. it also explains the cursor operation of regular expressions and various operations that can be performed with regular expressions.', 'duration': 576.329, 'highlights': ['Demonstrates using regular expressions in Python to extract name and age from a string Importing the re module, using re.findall to extract names and ages, and creating a dictionary to store the extracted names and ages', 'Explains finding a word in a string using regular expressions Using re.search to find a specific word in a string and re.findall to find all matches of a word in a string', 'Demonstrates generating an iterator to obtain the starting and ending index for a word in a string Using re.finditer to generate an iterator that returns the starting and ending index of matching objects', 'Explains the cursor operation of regular expressions Describing how cursors work in regular expressions and how they interact with text strings']}, {'end': 25505.022, 'start': 25053.713, 'title': 'Matching words with regex and string operations', 'summary': 'Explores how to match words with a specific pattern using regex, including examples of replacing substrings, finding a series of characters within a range, and solving backslash problems in strings, highlighting the use of regex in python.', 'duration': 451.309, 'highlights': ["The chapter demonstrates using regex to match words with a specific pattern by finding words ending with 'at' and starting with 's', 'h', 'm', or 'p', with examples showing the matching and printing of 'hat', 'mat', and 'pat'. Words ending with 'at' and starting with 's', 'h', 'm', or 'p' are matched using regex. Examples show the matching and printing of 'hat', 'mat', and 'pat'.", "The transcript explains how to replace a specific substring, demonstrating the replacement of 'rat' with 'food' using regex and the 'substitute' method, resulting in the printing of 'hat', 'food', 'mat', and 'pat'. The transcript explains the replacement of 'rat' with 'food' using regex and the 'substitute' method. The output includes 'hat', 'food', 'mat', and 'pat'.", "The chapter addresses the issue of solving backslash problems in strings using regular expressions, demonstrating the use of 're.search' with a raw string to correctly display double backslashes in the output. The chapter addresses the issue of solving backslash problems in strings using regular expressions. It demonstrates the use of 're.search' with a raw string to correctly display double backslashes in the output."]}, {'end': 25890.484, 'start': 25507.253, 'title': 'Using regular expressions: matching characters and dealing with white spaces', 'summary': 'Discusses using regular expressions to match specific characters and handle white spaces, with examples of replacing new lines with spaces and matching specific digits and ranges using regex, and also mentions the potential applications of regular expressions, such as verifying phone numbers.', 'duration': 383.231, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses using regular expressions to match specific characters and handle white spaces It includes examples of replacing new lines with spaces and matching specific digits and ranges using regex.', 'Mentioning the potential applications of regular expressions, such as verifying phone numbers The chapter introduces the idea of using regular expressions to verify phone numbers based on a specific format.']}, {'end': 26566.169, 'start': 25891.185, 'title': 'Python regular expressions', 'summary': 'Demonstrates the use of regular expressions in python, covering the concept of backslash w and backslash s, validating phone numbers and email addresses, and performing web scraping to extract phone numbers from a website.', 'duration': 674.984, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the concept of backslash w and backslash s, explaining that backslash w matches a range of characters and backslash s matches whitespace characters. Explains the concept of backslash w and backslash s, demonstrating that backslash w matches a range of characters and backslash s matches whitespace characters.', 'Demonstrates the use of regular expressions to validate phone numbers, using the condition statement re.search to ensure the correct format of a phone number, and explaining the implications of using backslash w and backslash d in the regular expression. Shows the use of regular expressions to validate phone numbers, explaining the condition statement re.search to ensure the correct format of a phone number, and the implications of using backslash w and backslash d in the regular expression.', 'Illustrates the validation of full names using regular expressions, utilizing backslash w and backslash s to ensure the presence of a space between first and last names, and demonstrating the difference between lowercase and uppercase backslash s. Illustrates the validation of full names using regular expressions, utilizing backslash w and backslash s to ensure the presence of a space between first and last names, and demonstrating the difference between lowercase and uppercase backslash s.', 'Explains the validation of email addresses using regular expressions, defining the pattern for a valid email address and demonstrating its practical implementation to match email addresses. Explains the validation of email addresses using regular expressions, defining the pattern for a valid email address and demonstrating its practical implementation to match email addresses.', 'Demonstrates the use of regular expressions for web scraping to extract phone numbers from a website, explaining the pattern of phone numbers and showcasing the code to achieve this extraction. Demonstrates the use of regular expressions for web scraping to extract phone numbers from a website, explaining the pattern of phone numbers and showcasing the code to achieve this extraction.']}], 'duration': 2462.876, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN824103293.jpg', 'highlights': ['Regular expressions aid in verifying the format of email addresses, allowing for the identification of correct and fake email addresses (e.g., verifying email address formats to distinguish fake addresses).', 'Regular expressions help in identifying and extracting specific information like date and time from log files, making the log file format understandable (e.g., date and time extraction from a log file).', 'Regular expressions can be used to identify correct and fake phone numbers, as well as to determine the geographical area of a phone number, such as USA or India. Using regular expressions, the salesperson can identify correct and fake phone numbers and determine the geographical area of each phone number, such as USA or India.', 'Regular expressions can be used to replace outdated area codes in a student database, saving time and effort. Regular expressions can be used to find and replace outdated area codes in a student database, saving time and effort involved in manual updates.', 'Regular expressions are used to describe a search pattern, search for specific strings, verify proper string formats, replace strings, and format data for importing. Regular expressions are used to describe search patterns, verify string formats, replace strings, and format data for importing, demonstrating their versatile applications.', 'Regular expressions can be used to identify patterns in a string, such as recognizing uppercase letters for names and integers for ages, enabling extraction of specific data.', 'Regular expressions are compatible with various programming languages, including Java, PHP, C, hash, Groovy, Swift, Ruby, and JavaScript, making it widely applicable.', 'Demonstrates using regular expressions in Python to extract name and age from a string Importing the re module, using re.findall to extract names and ages, and creating a dictionary to store the extracted names and ages', "The chapter demonstrates using regex to match words with a specific pattern by finding words ending with 'at' and starting with 's', 'h', 'm', or 'p', with examples showing the matching and printing of 'hat', 'mat', and 'pat'.", "The transcript explains how to replace a specific substring, demonstrating the replacement of 'rat' with 'food' using regex and the 'substitute' method, resulting in the printing of 'hat', 'food', 'mat', and 'pat'.", "The chapter addresses the issue of solving backslash problems in strings using regular expressions, demonstrating the use of 're.search' with a raw string to correctly display double backslashes in the output.", 'The chapter discusses using regular expressions to match specific characters and handle white spaces It includes examples of replacing new lines with spaces and matching specific digits and ranges using regex.', 'The chapter covers the concept of backslash w and backslash s, explaining that backslash w matches a range of characters and backslash s matches whitespace characters.', 'Demonstrates the use of regular expressions to validate phone numbers, using the condition statement re.search to ensure the correct format of a phone number, and explaining the implications of using backslash w and backslash d in the regular expression.', 'Illustrates the validation of full names using regular expressions, utilizing backslash w and backslash s to ensure the presence of a space between first and last names, and demonstrating the difference between lowercase and uppercase backslash s.', 'Explains the validation of email addresses using regular expressions, defining the pattern for a valid email address and demonstrating its practical implementation to match email addresses.', 'Demonstrates the use of regular expressions for web scraping to extract phone numbers from a website, explaining the pattern of phone numbers and showcasing the code to achieve this extraction.']}, {'end': 27930.86, 'segs': [{'end': 26678.662, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 26647.102, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 26650.324, 'text': "or even that it doesn't make sense at all to type it all the time?", 'start': 26647.102, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 26659.269, 'text': 'The easiest way out of this here is to actually store whatever input you want in one place and keep using it as long as your requirement is met.', 'start': 26651.225, 'duration': 8.044}, {'end': 26662.892, 'text': "So what's the answer? The answer is files guys.", 'start': 26660.03, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 26666.427, 'text': 'So guys, this concept is actually very easy.', 'start': 26664.184, 'duration': 2.243}, {'end': 26673.155, 'text': "I'm sure everyone who's joined will take away some really interesting stuff about Python that you can practically use.", 'start': 26667.028, 'duration': 6.127}, {'end': 26678.662, 'text': 'Working with files basically opens another door among thousands.', 'start': 26674.617, 'duration': 4.045}], 'summary': 'Storing input in files is an easy way to meet requirements and use python practically.', 'duration': 31.56, 'max_score': 26647.102, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN826647102.jpg'}, {'end': 27382.763, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 27358.194, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 27367.379, 'text': "How simple is this guys? So now that we're actually done with this, let's quickly jump back to the presentation to see what's next.", 'start': 27358.194, 'duration': 9.185}, {'end': 27375.756, 'text': 'Well guys, next I want you guys to check out this syntax, right? So this is what I love about Python.', 'start': 27369.329, 'duration': 6.427}, {'end': 27382.763, 'text': 'Amazing readability and you can almost guess what it means and you can be certain of it say 90% of the time.', 'start': 27376.336, 'duration': 6.427}], 'summary': 'Python offers amazing readability, with 90% certainty in understanding.', 'duration': 24.569, 'max_score': 27358.194, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN827358194.jpg'}, {'end': 27482.221, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 27431.297, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 27434.759, 'text': 'Soon as I go ahead and run this, I will have the same output as hello world.', 'start': 27431.297, 'duration': 3.462}, {'end': 27436.96, 'text': 'Okay, let us step it up a little.', 'start': 27435.359, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 27439.001, 'text': 'Let me just change this.', 'start': 27437.681, 'duration': 1.32}, {'end': 27440.142, 'text': 'Hello world.', 'start': 27439.342, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 27443.044, 'text': 'We love Python.', 'start': 27441.523, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 27448.487, 'text': 'And we love Edureka.', 'start': 27445.185, 'duration': 3.302}, {'end': 27450.188, 'text': 'So I have three lines here.', 'start': 27449.148, 'duration': 1.04}, {'end': 27452.47, 'text': "All good, right? So I'm going to save it.", 'start': 27450.669, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 27454.178, 'text': 'Close it.', 'start': 27453.618, 'duration': 0.56}, {'end': 27455.739, 'text': "I'm going to come back here.", 'start': 27454.839, 'duration': 0.9}, {'end': 27457.12, 'text': "I'm going to run the read line.", 'start': 27455.819, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 27460.981, 'text': "Again, we're reading only the first line.", 'start': 27459.221, 'duration': 1.76}, {'end': 27463.943, 'text': 'Cool Check out example 5 now.', 'start': 27461.442, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 27465.763, 'text': 'This is where things get interesting.', 'start': 27464.023, 'duration': 1.74}, {'end': 27467.144, 'text': 'Import again.', 'start': 27466.624, 'duration': 0.52}, {'end': 27468.465, 'text': "It's all the same, guys.", 'start': 27467.624, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 27471.586, 'text': 'So, basically, instead of the read line, I have read lines over here.', 'start': 27468.485, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 27474.227, 'text': "So, the S is extra and it's going to read all of these lines.", 'start': 27471.666, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 27477.409, 'text': 'It is going to put it in a really beautiful way for us to see.', 'start': 27474.627, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 27478.798, 'text': 'Check this out.', 'start': 27478.277, 'duration': 0.521}, {'end': 27480.5, 'text': 'Hello World is an entity.', 'start': 27479.298, 'duration': 1.202}, {'end': 27482.221, 'text': 'We love Python as an entity.', 'start': 27480.78, 'duration': 1.441}], 'summary': "Running python code to read and print specified lines, demonstrating file handling. includes use of 'readline' and 'readlines'.", 'duration': 50.924, 'max_score': 27431.297, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN827431297.jpg'}, {'end': 27601.352, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 27553.17, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 27556.712, 'text': 'So for every line in our file object, print read lines.', 'start': 27553.17, 'duration': 3.542}, {'end': 27560.774, 'text': 'So it is going to print the output for us containing all of the documents of our file.', 'start': 27556.852, 'duration': 3.922}, {'end': 27564.676, 'text': 'As you can see, we love Python and we love Edureka.', 'start': 27561.655, 'duration': 3.021}, {'end': 27574.996, 'text': "That's really simple, right? And with this, we are actually done understanding how to open the files and read them in multiple ways.", 'start': 27567.178, 'duration': 7.818}, {'end': 27583.003, 'text': 'Next, we need to actually take a look at the write operation which is again very simple and almost similar to the read method.', 'start': 27576.077, 'duration': 6.926}, {'end': 27584.004, 'text': "Let's start.", 'start': 27583.543, 'duration': 0.461}, {'end': 27590.47, 'text': 'Writing to a file is as simple as using the write function guys.', 'start': 27587.167, 'duration': 3.303}, {'end': 27591.731, 'text': 'Similar to the read again.', 'start': 27590.83, 'duration': 0.901}, {'end': 27596.387, 'text': 'So to write to an existing file, we make use of two modes.', 'start': 27593.123, 'duration': 3.264}, {'end': 27601.352, 'text': 'One is the append and the other is write, which we already checked out earlier.', 'start': 27597.268, 'duration': 4.084}], 'summary': 'Learning file operations in python: read and write methods explained.', 'duration': 48.182, 'max_score': 27553.17, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN827553170.jpg'}], 'start': 26567.049, 'title': 'Python file handling basics', 'summary': "Covers the basics of file handling in python, including web scraping using regular expressions, server access, file types, crud operations, and file creation, opening, and reading. it also discusses the simplicity and readability of python's file handling functionality.", 'chapters': [{'end': 27196.295, 'start': 26567.049, 'title': 'Python file handling basics', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance and basics of file handling in python, covering topics such as the use of regular expressions for web scraping, the significance of file handling in server access, the types of files available in python, the operations performed on a file (crud), and the process of creating, opening, and reading files in python.', 'duration': 629.246, 'highlights': ['The importance of file handling in server access is highlighted, as files are used extensively for importing data sets into deep learning models, emphasizing the practical use of file handling in Python.', 'The types of files available in Python, including binary and text files, are explained, with a clear distinction between the two types and their characteristics.', 'The concept of CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) is introduced, emphasizing the fundamental operations that can be performed on files in Python.', "The process of opening a file in Python using the 'open' function and the various modes available for opening files, such as read, write, append, and create modes, is detailed, with a focus on the default mode and the handling of binary and text modes.", "The read operation in Python, including reading an entire file, specific characters, or lines, is explained, with examples demonstrating the use of the 'read' function and the practical application of reading file contents."]}, {'end': 27382.763, 'start': 27197.296, 'title': 'File handling in python', 'summary': "Discusses file handling in python, covering concepts such as opening, reading, and writing to a file, and demonstrates how to perform these operations using a few lines of code. it emphasizes the simplicity and readability of python's file handling functionality, enabling users to manipulate files effortlessly.", 'duration': 185.467, 'highlights': ["Python's file handling allows users to perform operations with just a few lines of code, exemplifying the simplicity and readability of the language. The chapter showcases how with just three to two lines of code, users can print something on the screen using Python's file handling functionality.", 'The demonstration illustrates the process of opening, reading, and writing to a file in Python, providing a practical example of file manipulation. The chapter walks through opening, overwriting, and reading a file, demonstrating the practical aspects of file manipulation in Python.', "Python's file handling functionality enables users to easily manipulate files, emphasizing the language's readability and user-friendly syntax. The chapter highlights the readability and user-friendly syntax of Python's file handling, emphasizing the ease of manipulating files."]}, {'end': 27574.996, 'start': 27383.984, 'title': 'Reading lines from a file', 'summary': 'Explains how to read lines from a file using read line, read lines, and looping over the file object, emphasizing the efficiency and simplicity of the methods.', 'duration': 191.012, 'highlights': ['The file.ReadLines function reads each line in a file and returns them properly separated and formatted, improving readability. The file.ReadLines function reads each line in a file and returns them properly separated and formatted, improving readability.', 'Using a for loop to iterate over a file object provides a more memory-efficient and faster way to read and return all the lines from a file. Using a for loop to iterate over a file object provides a more memory-efficient and faster way to read and return all the lines from a file.', 'The read line function reads each line of the file, and read line of 3 specifies to read only the third line. The read line function reads each line of the file, and read line of 3 specifies to read only the third line.']}, {'end': 27930.86, 'start': 27576.077, 'title': 'File write operations in python', 'summary': 'Covers file write operations in python, including modes like append, write, and create, with examples demonstrating the overwriting and creation of files, and the deletion of files and folders using python, emphasizing the importance of handling file existence and using the os.remove function.', 'duration': 354.783, 'highlights': ["Creating a new file using Python The chapter explains the use of the 'X' mode to create a new file, highlighting that a file with the same name cannot be created and demonstrates this using an example with 'edureka.txt', reinforcing the concept with the importance of handling file existence.", "Overwriting and appending to existing files The transcript describes the consequences of using 'W' mode to overwrite existing file content and demonstrates this with an example, emphasizing the need to use file modes wisely to avoid unintended data loss.", 'Deleting a file and folder using Python The chapter emphasizes the importance of ensuring file existence before deletion, highlighting the significance of handling file existence and the usage of the os.remove function, while also mentioning the capability to delete folders and their contents using the rmdir command.']}], 'duration': 1363.811, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN826567049.jpg', 'highlights': ['The importance of file handling in server access is highlighted, as files are used extensively for importing data sets into deep learning models, emphasizing the practical use of file handling in Python.', 'The types of files available in Python, including binary and text files, are explained, with a clear distinction between the two types and their characteristics.', 'The concept of CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) is introduced, emphasizing the fundamental operations that can be performed on files in Python.', "The process of opening a file in Python using the 'open' function and the various modes available for opening files, such as read, write, append, and create modes, is detailed, with a focus on the default mode and the handling of binary and text modes.", "The read operation in Python, including reading an entire file, specific characters, or lines, is explained, with examples demonstrating the use of the 'read' function and the practical application of reading file contents.", "Python's file handling allows users to perform operations with just a few lines of code, exemplifying the simplicity and readability of the language.", 'The demonstration illustrates the process of opening, reading, and writing to a file in Python, providing a practical example of file manipulation.', "Python's file handling functionality enables users to easily manipulate files, emphasizing the language's readability and user-friendly syntax.", 'The file.ReadLines function reads each line in a file and returns them properly separated and formatted, improving readability.', 'Using a for loop to iterate over a file object provides a more memory-efficient and faster way to read and return all the lines from a file.', 'The read line function reads each line of the file, and read line of 3 specifies to read only the third line.', "Creating a new file using Python The chapter explains the use of the 'X' mode to create a new file, highlighting that a file with the same name cannot be created and demonstrates this using an example with 'edureka.txt', reinforcing the concept with the importance of handling file existence.", "Overwriting and appending to existing files The transcript describes the consequences of using 'W' mode to overwrite existing file content and demonstrates this with an example, emphasizing the need to use file modes wisely to avoid unintended data loss.", 'Deleting a file and folder using Python The chapter emphasizes the importance of ensuring file existence before deletion, highlighting the significance of handling file existence and the usage of the os.remove function, while also mentioning the capability to delete folders and their contents using the rmdir command.']}, {'end': 29408.653, 'segs': [{'end': 28338.332, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 28294.016, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 28297.197, 'text': "So, in order to do that, I'm just going to write two more lines of code.", 'start': 28294.016, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 28310.483, 'text': "that is, if my DB then print, that is, if it falls, or if there's a local DB instance, that is my DB then I'm going to print connection successful,", 'start': 28297.197, 'duration': 13.286}, {'end': 28317.807, 'text': "else I'm simply going to terminate this or I'm going to write print connection.", 'start': 28312.486, 'duration': 5.321}, {'end': 28326.229, 'text': "That is, if there's a local DB instance, that is, my DB is coming or under my DB it is coming or the parameters are there,", 'start': 28318.988, 'duration': 7.241}, {'end': 28328.35, 'text': 'then my connection will be successful else.', 'start': 28326.229, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 28330.23, 'text': 'My connection will be unsuccessful.', 'start': 28328.43, 'duration': 1.8}, {'end': 28332.411, 'text': 'Let me move ahead and run this code.', 'start': 28330.93, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 28334.571, 'text': 'Give me a minute guys.', 'start': 28333.731, 'duration': 0.84}, {'end': 28338.332, 'text': 'Well as you can see our connection is successful.', 'start': 28336.652, 'duration': 1.68}], 'summary': 'Code successfully establishes connection to local db.', 'duration': 44.316, 'max_score': 28294.016, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN828294016.jpg'}, {'end': 29229.854, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 29199.944, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 29203.645, 'text': "Now, I'll move on and do the update operation.", 'start': 29199.944, 'duration': 3.701}, {'end': 29215.847, 'text': 'So, in order to do that, let me just create a new file, a new python file, and name this as update pop table.', 'start': 29204.206, 'duration': 11.641}, {'end': 29217.688, 'text': 'yeah, let me close this.', 'start': 29215.847, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 29219.949, 'text': 'just click on this.', 'start': 29217.688, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 29221.69, 'text': 'enter presentation mode.', 'start': 29219.949, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 29223.631, 'text': 'yeah, control v.', 'start': 29221.69, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 29229.854, 'text': 'let me pass the parameter, which was database, that is, equals to harsh db.', 'start': 29223.631, 'duration': 6.223}], 'summary': "Creating a new python file named 'update pop table' with database parameter as 'harsh db'.", 'duration': 29.91, 'max_score': 29199.944, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN829199944.jpg'}], 'start': 27932.721, 'title': 'Python and mysql integration', 'summary': 'Introduces the integration of python and mysql, highlighting the process of installing mysql connector, establishing a database connection, creating a mysql database and table, and executing crud operations through sql queries, providing a comprehensive understanding of the integration process and database management for application development.', 'chapters': [{'end': 28100.177, 'start': 27932.721, 'title': 'Python and mysql integration', 'summary': 'Introduces the integration of python and mysql, emphasizing the importance of database management for application development, while highlighting the internal working logic behind establishing a connection, and the operations to be performed including crud operations.', 'duration': 167.456, 'highlights': ['The internal working logic of Python and MySQL integration is explained, with emphasis on the role of mysql-connector-python-api as a bridge between the front-end Python application and the back-end database server.', 'The process of establishing a connection between the Python application and MySQL database is detailed, including the steps of sending a connection request, accepting the request, and executing SQL queries.', 'The significance of performing CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) with Python and MySQL is highlighted, indicating the practical implementation of these operations from a coding perspective.']}, {'end': 28357.377, 'start': 28100.437, 'title': 'Installing mysql connector & establishing connection', 'summary': 'Demonstrates the installation of the mysql connector package through pycharm and command line, followed by establishing a successful database connection with host, username, and password parameters.', 'duration': 256.94, 'highlights': ['The first step is to install the MySQL Connector package using PyCharm by clicking on file, then settings, followed by project interpreter and then installing the package.', "Another approach to install the package is demonstrated for Python command line users, involving the command 'pip install mysql-connector'.", 'After installing the package, the demonstration proceeds to establish a local database instance using mysql.connector.connect with parameters such as host, username, and password.', "The demonstration includes verifying the successful connection establishment by checking for the existence of the local database instance and printing 'connection successful' if true, else printing 'connection unsuccessful'.", 'The chapter concludes by showing the verification of connection establishment by deliberately changing a parameter and observing the verification outcome.']}, {'end': 28846.242, 'start': 28360.191, 'title': 'Creating mysql database and table', 'summary': "Demonstrates the process of creating a mysql database 'harsh db' and a table 'employee' through python, including establishing a connection, creating the database, creating the table, and populating it with values, resulting in successful creation and population of the database and table.", 'duration': 486.051, 'highlights': ["The database 'harsh DB' has been created, and it is confirmed by showing the databases in MySQL Workbench. The database 'harsh DB' has been created successfully, and it is confirmed by showing the databases in MySQL Workbench, along with all the other existing databases.", "The table 'employee' has been created under the database 'harsh DB', and it is confirmed by showing the table in MySQL Workbench. The table 'employee' has been successfully created under the database 'harsh DB', and it is confirmed by showing the table in MySQL Workbench.", 'The process of populating the table with values using the insert command from the SQL query is demonstrated, along with the creation of a tuple to prepare for the read operations. The process of populating the table with values using the insert command from the SQL query is demonstrated, along with the creation of a tuple to prepare for the read operations using two fetch functions.', "The process of establishing a connection between Python and MySQL DB server and creating the database 'harsh DB' is explained. The process of establishing a connection between Python and MySQL DB server is explained, followed by the creation of the database 'harsh DB'."]}, {'end': 29408.653, 'start': 28846.683, 'title': 'Database operations tutorial', 'summary': 'Covers executing sql queries to insert, read, update, and delete data in a mysql database, demonstrating the operations and their outcomes with relevant code snippets and results.', 'duration': 561.97, 'highlights': ['The tutorial covers executing SQL queries to insert, read, update, and delete data in a MySQL database, demonstrating the operations and their outcomes with relevant code snippets and results. Demonstration of executing SQL queries for insert, read, update, and delete operations in a MySQL database, with relevant code snippets and outcomes.', "The insert operation is demonstrated with the insertion of a tuple into the 'employee' table under the database 'hrschdb', showing the successful execution and outcome in MySQL Workbench. Inserting a tuple into the 'employee' table under the 'hrschdb' database and displaying the successful execution and outcome in MySQL Workbench.", "The read operation is illustrated with the use of 'fetch one' and 'fetch all' functions to retrieve specific values and entire tuples from the 'employee' table, clarifying their functionalities through code explanation and execution results. Illustration of the 'fetch one' and 'fetch all' functions to retrieve specific values and entire tuples from the 'employee' table, explaining their functionalities through code execution.", "The update operation is exemplified by updating the salary of a specific employee in the 'employee' table, showcasing the successful execution and displaying the updated information in both the code output and MySQL Workbench. Example of updating an employee's salary in the 'employee' table, demonstrating the successful execution and displaying the updated information in the code output and MySQL Workbench.", "The delete operation is showcased by removing a specific record from the 'employee' table, with demonstration of code execution and displaying the changes in the MySQL Workbench. Showcasing the delete operation by removing a specific record from the 'employee' table, with demonstration of code execution and displaying the changes in the MySQL Workbench."]}], 'duration': 1475.932, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN827932721.jpg', 'highlights': ['The process of establishing a connection between the Python application and MySQL database is detailed, including the steps of sending a connection request, accepting the request, and executing SQL queries.', 'The internal working logic of Python and MySQL integration is explained, with emphasis on the role of mysql-connector-python-api as a bridge between the front-end Python application and the back-end database server.', 'The tutorial covers executing SQL queries to insert, read, update, and delete data in a MySQL database, demonstrating the operations and their outcomes with relevant code snippets and results.', 'The significance of performing CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) with Python and MySQL is highlighted, indicating the practical implementation of these operations from a coding perspective.', 'The first step is to install the MySQL Connector package using PyCharm by clicking on file, then settings, followed by project interpreter and then installing the package.', 'The process of populating the table with values using the insert command from the SQL query is demonstrated, along with the creation of a tuple to prepare for the read operations using two fetch functions.', "The insert operation is demonstrated with the insertion of a tuple into the 'employee' table under the database 'hrschdb', showing the successful execution and outcome in MySQL Workbench.", "The read operation is illustrated with the use of 'fetch one' and 'fetch all' functions to retrieve specific values and entire tuples from the 'employee' table, clarifying their functionalities through code explanation and execution results.", "The update operation is exemplified by updating the salary of a specific employee in the 'employee' table, showcasing the successful execution and displaying the updated information in both the code output and MySQL Workbench.", "The delete operation is showcased by removing a specific record from the 'employee' table, with demonstration of code execution and displaying the changes in the MySQL Workbench."]}, {'end': 30568.253, 'segs': [{'end': 29463.958, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 29408.673, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 29416.276, 'text': "So, as you can see, our delete operation has taken place and I'm going to show you the changes.", 'start': 29408.673, 'duration': 7.603}, {'end': 29419.698, 'text': "exit this, I'll go to read off.", 'start': 29416.276, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 29421.82, 'text': "I'll enter the presentation mode once again.", 'start': 29419.698, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 29426.364, 'text': 'run this code.', 'start': 29421.82, 'duration': 4.544}, {'end': 29431.028, 'text': 'well, as you can see, the record hardship has been deleted from here and the same thing would be,', 'start': 29426.364, 'duration': 4.664}, {'end': 29434.191, 'text': 'or the same changes would have taken place in the MySQL workbench.', 'start': 29431.028, 'duration': 3.163}, {'end': 29438.815, 'text': 'let me quickly open it and run this code once again.', 'start': 29434.191, 'duration': 4.624}, {'end': 29441.378, 'text': 'well, as you can see, the record hardship is deleted from here too.', 'start': 29438.815, 'duration': 2.563}, {'end': 29449.689, 'text': 'What exactly are sockets?', 'start': 29447.287, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 29454.452, 'text': 'sockets are basically interior endpoints built for sending and receiving data.', 'start': 29449.689, 'duration': 4.763}, {'end': 29459.075, 'text': 'a single network will have two sockets, one for each communicating device or a program.', 'start': 29454.452, 'duration': 4.623}, {'end': 29463.958, 'text': 'These sockets are a combination of IP addresses and port numbers.', 'start': 29459.575, 'duration': 4.383}], 'summary': 'Demonstrated delete operation; record deleted from system and mysql workbench. explained sockets as endpoints for data transfer.', 'duration': 55.285, 'max_score': 29408.673, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN829408673.jpg'}, {'end': 29978.947, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 29948.007, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 29949.308, 'text': 'To this receive method,', 'start': 29948.007, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 29957.214, 'text': 'I can specify any number of bytes as a parameter and that many number of bytes will be received in one communication between the server and the client.', 'start': 29949.308, 'duration': 7.906}, {'end': 29962.418, 'text': "So in my first case, I'll just use 1024 don't get confused guys here.", 'start': 29957.755, 'duration': 4.663}, {'end': 29965.2, 'text': "It's just the bytes number and this is the port number.", 'start': 29962.538, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 29968.583, 'text': "Okay, after this, I'll just print the message that I've received.", 'start': 29965.961, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 29978.947, 'text': "So msg dot Since the message being transferred was encoded, I'll have to decode it using the same UTF-8 bytes.", 'start': 29969.784, 'duration': 9.163}], 'summary': 'The receive method can specify any number of bytes as a parameter for communication between server and client, such as 1024 bytes. the message being transferred is encoded and needs to be decoded using utf-8 bytes.', 'duration': 30.94, 'max_score': 29948.007, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN829948007.jpg'}, {'end': 30160.457, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 30130.185, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 30132.027, 'text': 'This needs to be indented into the block.', 'start': 30130.185, 'duration': 1.842}, {'end': 30135.026, 'text': "I'll save this and I'll rerun the client.", 'start': 30132.685, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 30140.447, 'text': 'So I hope you see the difference guys the first time we gave 1024 bytes.', 'start': 30136.226, 'duration': 4.221}, {'end': 30145.348, 'text': 'We received the complete message in a single communication in the second example.', 'start': 30140.707, 'duration': 4.641}, {'end': 30151.55, 'text': 'I just changed the number of bytes from 1024 to 7, and all I received was just socket,', 'start': 30145.368, 'duration': 6.182}, {'end': 30155.551, 'text': 'and the remaining message was not received and the communication was terminated as well.', 'start': 30151.55, 'duration': 4.001}, {'end': 30160.457, 'text': 'As you can see after this, when I included the while loop within the client,', 'start': 30156.374, 'duration': 4.083}], 'summary': 'Client communication: 1024 bytes received vs. 7 bytes not received, terminated.', 'duration': 30.272, 'max_score': 30130.185, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN830130185.jpg'}, {'end': 30198.697, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 30168.983, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 30174.587, 'text': 'So first thing that I received was socket after that I received program ing in Python.', 'start': 30168.983, 'duration': 5.604}, {'end': 30178.009, 'text': "So I hope you're clear with this client and server communication.", 'start': 30175.427, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 30184.914, 'text': 'Okay So as you can see over here the complete message has been received in 7 bytes per communication.', 'start': 30178.029, 'duration': 6.885}, {'end': 30191.811, 'text': 'Our client and server have communicated multiple times so as to receive the complete message, but there is an issue again.', 'start': 30185.646, 'duration': 6.165}, {'end': 30198.697, 'text': 'The client has not been terminated and we actually will not know when this client will be terminated to avoid this.', 'start': 30192.152, 'duration': 6.545}], 'summary': 'Client and server communication received complete message in 7 bytes per communication, but facing termination issue.', 'duration': 29.714, 'max_score': 30168.983, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN830168983.jpg'}, {'end': 30568.253, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 30531.621, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 30533.842, 'text': "So I've just specified B with an empty string.", 'start': 30531.621, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 30541.066, 'text': "Then I've just specified that the message being received from the server to the client as true now while that is true.", 'start': 30534.602, 'duration': 6.464}, {'end': 30549.632, 'text': 'I want to receive 16 bytes per transfer and if the message being received is completed then the receive message variable will be set to false.', 'start': 30541.226, 'duration': 8.406}, {'end': 30555.676, 'text': 'If not, it will be incremented and the next chunk of message will be received in 16 bytes per transfer again.', 'start': 30550.152, 'duration': 5.524}, {'end': 30557.104, 'text': 'After this,', 'start': 30556.503, 'duration': 0.601}, {'end': 30564.289, 'text': "all I'm checking is for the condition if the complete information received is equal to the length of the message that's originally present on the server side.", 'start': 30557.104, 'duration': 7.185}, {'end': 30568.253, 'text': "I'm just printing a message saying receive the complete information.", 'start': 30564.71, 'duration': 3.543}], 'summary': 'Receiving 16 bytes per transfer, checking for message completion, and printing a completion message.', 'duration': 36.632, 'max_score': 30531.621, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN830531621.jpg'}], 'start': 29408.673, 'title': 'Socket and client-server communication in python', 'summary': 'Covers socket programming in python, including creating servers and clients, understanding sockets, and optimizing client-server communication. it also explains the use of the pickle module for serializing python objects in socket programming.', 'chapters': [{'end': 29680.966, 'start': 29408.673, 'title': 'Socket programming in python', 'summary': 'Covers the process of deleting records in mysql, understanding sockets, and creating servers and clients in python, along with the key methods and protocols involved.', 'duration': 272.293, 'highlights': ['The HTTP protocol uses the port number 80, while FTP uses 20, and NTP uses 119, illustrating the association of port numbers with different protocols.', 'Explanation of servers and clients, with servers utilizing methods like socket method, bind, and listen, and clients making requests for services from servers, including web browsers requesting web pages and services.', "Demonstration of using port numbers to access Google page and understanding the impact of different port numbers, with google.com:80 returning the Google page and google.com:20 resulting in 'site cannot be reached'.", 'Description of sockets as interior endpoints for sending and receiving data, where a single network has two sockets for each communicating device or program, and a single device can have n number of sockets based on the port number used.', 'Explanation of the importance and usage of various methods in the socket module, including socket.socket, socket.accept, socket.bind, socket.close, socket.connect, and socket.listen for creating sockets and establishing connections in Python.']}, {'end': 30067.719, 'start': 29681.266, 'title': 'Socket programming in python', 'summary': 'Covers the process of creating a server and client for socket programming in python, including creating sockets, binding, connecting, sending and receiving messages, resulting in successful communication between server and client.', 'duration': 386.453, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the process of creating a server and client for socket programming in Python. It details the steps involved in setting up a server and client for socket programming.', "The server binds to the client and listens for connections, accepting the client socket and address. It explains the use of the bind and listen methods to establish the server's readiness to accept client connections.", "The server sends a message to the client after connection, using the CLT.send method and specifies the message as 'socket programming in Python'. It showcases the server's ability to send a message to the client after a successful connection.", 'The client successfully receives the message from the server, resulting in a successful communication between server and client. It highlights the successful communication between the server and client, demonstrating the functionality of the implemented socket programming.']}, {'end': 30343.616, 'start': 30067.979, 'title': 'Client-server communication optimization', 'summary': 'Explains the optimization of client-server communication by adjusting the number of bytes for message transfer, implementing a while loop for continuous communication, and ensuring proper termination of the client.', 'duration': 275.637, 'highlights': ["Adjusting the number of bytes for message transfer from 1024 to 7 resulted in the message not being received and communication termination, highlighting the impact of byte size on communication. {'initialBytes': 1024, 'adjustedBytes': 7}", "Implementing a while loop in the client program enabled multiple communications between client and server until the complete message was received, showcasing the effectiveness of continuous communication for message retrieval. {'numberofCommunications': 'multiple'}", "Modifying the client program to ensure proper termination by breaking the loop when the complete message is received, demonstrates the importance of terminating the client and handling communication errors. {'bytesPerTransfer': 7}"]}, {'end': 30568.253, 'start': 30343.676, 'title': 'Python socket programming with pickle', 'summary': 'Illustrates how to serialize and transfer python objects using the pickle module in socket programming, including demonstrating the serialization of a list and dictionary, and the transfer of information between server and client in bytes.', 'duration': 224.577, 'highlights': ["The chapter illustrates the process of serializing Python objects using the pickle module, demonstrating the serialization of a list and displaying the serialized output, including the prefix 'B' indicating bytes. The serialized output of a list using the pickle module is demonstrated, showing the prefix 'B' indicating bytes and the serialized manner of the list.", 'The transfer of information between server and client in socket programming is explained, including the process of sending and receiving information in bytes and checking for the completion of message reception. The process of transferring information between server and client in bytes in socket programming is explained, including the checking for the completion of message reception.', 'The use of the pickle module to serialize a dictionary and the process of sending the serialized object from the server to the client are demonstrated. The demonstration of the use of the pickle module to serialize a dictionary and sending the serialized object from the server to the client is explained.']}], 'duration': 1159.58, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN829408673.jpg', 'highlights': ['The HTTP protocol uses the port number 80, while FTP uses 20, and NTP uses 119, illustrating the association of port numbers with different protocols.', "Demonstration of using port numbers to access Google page and understanding the impact of different port numbers, with google.com:80 returning the Google page and google.com:20 resulting in 'site cannot be reached'.", 'Explanation of servers and clients, with servers utilizing methods like socket method, bind, and listen, and clients making requests for services from servers, including web browsers requesting web pages and services.', 'The chapter covers the process of creating a server and client for socket programming in Python. It details the steps involved in setting up a server and client for socket programming.', "The server binds to the client and listens for connections, accepting the client socket and address. It explains the use of the bind and listen methods to establish the server's readiness to accept client connections.", "The server sends a message to the client after connection, using the CLT.send method and specifies the message as 'socket programming in Python'. It showcases the server's ability to send a message to the client after a successful connection.", 'The client successfully receives the message from the server, resulting in a successful communication between server and client. It highlights the successful communication between the server and client, demonstrating the functionality of the implemented socket programming.', "Adjusting the number of bytes for message transfer from 1024 to 7 resulted in the message not being received and communication termination, highlighting the impact of byte size on communication. {'initialBytes': 1024, 'adjustedBytes': 7}", "Implementing a while loop in the client program enabled multiple communications between client and server until the complete message was received, showcasing the effectiveness of continuous communication for message retrieval. {'numberofCommunications': 'multiple'}", "Modifying the client program to ensure proper termination by breaking the loop when the complete message is received, demonstrates the importance of terminating the client and handling communication errors. {'bytesPerTransfer': 7}", "The chapter illustrates the process of serializing Python objects using the pickle module, demonstrating the serialization of a list and displaying the serialized output, including the prefix 'B' indicating bytes. The serialized output of a list using the pickle module is demonstrated, showing the prefix 'B' indicating bytes and the serialized manner of the list.", 'The transfer of information between server and client in socket programming is explained, including the process of sending and receiving information in bytes and checking for the completion of message reception. The process of transferring information between server and client in bytes in socket programming is explained, including the checking for the completion of message reception.', 'The use of the pickle module to serialize a dictionary and the process of sending the serialized object from the server to the client are demonstrated. The demonstration of the use of the pickle module to serialize a dictionary and sending the serialized object from the server to the client is explained.']}, {'end': 32459.524, 'segs': [{'end': 31010.223, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 30980.233, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 30986.196, 'text': "So the next step is I'm going to prove it to you that numpy array is actually faster and more convenient than list.", 'start': 30980.233, 'duration': 5.963}, {'end': 30994.249, 'text': "So I'll remove all of this, and So now I'm going to show you that numpy arrays are faster than lists and, at the same time,", 'start': 30986.897, 'duration': 7.352}, {'end': 30998.513, 'text': 'it is easier and more convenient in order to work with numpy arrays when compared to lists.', 'start': 30994.249, 'duration': 4.264}, {'end': 30999.834, 'text': 'Let me show you practically.', 'start': 30998.673, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 31010.223, 'text': "So first what I'm going to do is I'm going to define a variable say size which is equal to say 1000 and then I'm going to define two lists.", 'start': 31000.494, 'duration': 9.729}], 'summary': 'Numpy arrays are faster and more convenient than lists for data processing.', 'duration': 29.99, 'max_score': 30980.233, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN830980233.jpg'}, {'end': 31056.549, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 31023.35, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 31025.971, 'text': 'So first let me define two lists and two arrays.', 'start': 31023.35, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 31030.631, 'text': 'For my first list will be equal to range size.', 'start': 31026.051, 'duration': 4.58}, {'end': 31033.272, 'text': 'Same goes for my second list as well.', 'start': 31031.332, 'duration': 1.94}, {'end': 31035.412, 'text': 'Just change the name to L2.', 'start': 31034.012, 'duration': 1.4}, {'end': 31038.773, 'text': "And now I'm going to define two numpy y arrays.", 'start': 31036.092, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 31044.014, 'text': 'A1 equal to np.arange size.', 'start': 31039.153, 'duration': 4.861}, {'end': 31050.507, 'text': 'go ahead and do the same for the second numpy array as well, and change the name as A2.', 'start': 31044.764, 'duration': 5.743}, {'end': 31056.549, 'text': 'So we have two lists and two arrays, and we need to compute the sum of both of these lists as well as arrays.', 'start': 31051.387, 'duration': 5.162}], 'summary': 'Defining lists and arrays, computing their sums.', 'duration': 33.199, 'max_score': 31023.35, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN831023350.jpg'}, {'end': 32220.133, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 32178.549, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 32183.131, 'text': 'So how I can do that? Just type in here print A dot revel.', 'start': 32178.549, 'duration': 4.582}, {'end': 32184.492, 'text': "That's all you have to do.", 'start': 32183.251, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 32186.052, 'text': 'Go ahead and execute this.', 'start': 32184.592, 'duration': 1.46}, {'end': 32188.073, 'text': "So you'll have one, two, three, three, four, five.", 'start': 32186.392, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 32190.614, 'text': 'So you have one, two, three, three, four, five.', 'start': 32188.593, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 32195.056, 'text': 'Let me go back to my slides and see what are the other topics that we are going to cover.', 'start': 32191.575, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 32198.521, 'text': 'Now comes certain numpy-wise special functions.', 'start': 32195.999, 'duration': 2.522}, {'end': 32203.103, 'text': "Now I'm going to talk about sine function and cosine function first.", 'start': 32199.181, 'duration': 3.922}, {'end': 32211.428, 'text': "So what I'm going to do is I'm going to use this cosine and sine function and I'm going to plot sine and a cosine graph.", 'start': 32204.364, 'duration': 7.064}, {'end': 32214.83, 'text': "So for that I'm going to import a module called matplotlib.", 'start': 32212.128, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 32220.133, 'text': "So you don't need to worry about that module because I'm going to discuss about matplotlib in the upcoming sessions.", 'start': 32214.97, 'duration': 5.163}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates printing, executing, and plotting with python, and introduces matplotlib module for future sessions.', 'duration': 41.584, 'max_score': 32178.549, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN832178549.jpg'}], 'start': 30568.253, 'title': 'Numpy array operations', 'summary': 'Covers practical operations on numpy arrays, including finding dimensions, byte size, data types, array size, reshaping, slicing, line spacing, and finding minimum, maximum, and sum of array elements. it also introduces the concept of axes in numpy arrays and demonstrates various operations such as sum, square root, and standard deviation, along with performing basic mathematical functions like addition, multiplication, subtraction, and division element-wise. finally, it covers performing matrix operations including addition, multiplication, division, and subtraction, and utilizing special functions like sine, cosine, exponential, and logarithmic functions.', 'chapters': [{'end': 30614.576, 'start': 30568.253, 'title': 'Serialization and deserialization in python', 'summary': 'Covers the process of serializing and deserializing data using the pickle module in python, with the message size being 38 bytes and the method used for sending information from the server to the client being explained.', 'duration': 46.323, 'highlights': ['The complete size of the message is 38 bytes, demonstrating the efficiency of the serialization process.', 'The use of the dumps method of the pickle module for serializing information was explained.', 'The process of sending information from the server to the client using the loads method was described.']}, {'end': 31229.666, 'start': 30614.576, 'title': 'Understanding numpy arrays', 'summary': 'Explains numpy as a module in python used for scientific computing, showcasing its features such as n-dimensional array objects, memory efficiency, and performance advantages over lists through practical examples and comparisons with quantifiable data. it also discusses the concept of multidimensional arrays and demonstrates the creation of arrays using numpy.', 'duration': 615.09, 'highlights': ['NumPy as a module in Python for scientific computing NumPy is described as a module in Python specifically designed for scientific computing.', 'Features of NumPy including n-dimensional array objects, memory efficiency, and performance advantages over lists The features of NumPy, such as n-dimensional array objects, memory efficiency, and performance advantages over lists, are highlighted.', 'Demonstration of creating arrays using NumPy with practical examples Practical examples are provided to demonstrate the creation of arrays using NumPy.', 'Comparison of memory usage and performance between NumPy arrays and lists with quantifiable data The chapter compares the memory usage and performance of NumPy arrays with lists, presenting quantifiable data to illustrate the differences.', 'Explanation of the concept of multidimensional arrays and their representation in a matrix form The concept of multidimensional arrays and their representation in a matrix form is explained.']}, {'end': 31833.698, 'start': 31231.327, 'title': 'Numpy array operations', 'summary': 'Covers practical operations on numpy arrays, including finding array dimensions, byte size of elements, data types, array size, shape, reshape, slicing, line spacing, and finding minimum, maximum, and sum of array elements.', 'duration': 602.371, 'highlights': ['Finding Minimum, Maximum, and Sum of Array Elements The chapter explains how to find the maximum value (3), minimum value (1), and sum of elements (6) in a numpy array, emphasizing the simplicity of these operations.', 'Reshaping and Slicing Numpy Arrays The transcript demonstrates how to reshape a numpy array from 3x2 to 2x3, and perform slicing to extract specific elements, with clear examples and practical execution.', 'Calculating Size and Shape of Array It showcases how to calculate the size (7 elements) and shape (2 rows, 7 columns) of a numpy array, offering practical demonstrations and explanations for clarity.']}, {'end': 32016.734, 'start': 31833.879, 'title': 'Numpy array operations', 'summary': 'Introduces the concept of axes in numpy arrays and demonstrates how to perform operations such as sum, square root, and standard deviation, with practical examples and results. it also covers basic mathematical functions like addition, multiplication, subtraction, and division performed element wise.', 'duration': 182.855, 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces the concept of axes in numpy arrays and demonstrates how to perform operations such as sum, square root, and standard deviation, with practical examples and results. The concept of axes in numpy arrays is introduced, showcasing practical examples of performing operations like sum, square root, and standard deviation with detailed results.', 'It also covers basic mathematical functions like addition, multiplication, subtraction, and division performed element wise. The chapter covers basic mathematical functions like addition, multiplication, subtraction, and division, emphasizing that these operations are performed element wise.']}, {'end': 32459.524, 'start': 32017.174, 'title': 'Performing matrix operations with numpy', 'summary': 'Covers performing matrix addition, multiplication, division, and subtraction using numpy arrays, showcasing element-wise addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, along with vertical and horizontal stacking, and the use of special functions like sine, cosine, exponential, and logarithmic functions.', 'duration': 442.35, 'highlights': ['Showcasing element-wise addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division using numpy arrays. The demonstration includes performing element-wise addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division using numpy arrays, showing examples of 1 plus 1 equals 2, 2 plus 2 equals 4, and 3 plus 3 equals 6, among other calculations.', 'Demonstrating vertical and horizontal stacking of arrays. The tutorial illustrates vertical and horizontal stacking of arrays using np.vstack and np.hstack, presenting the results of stacking arrays vertically and horizontally, providing a clear understanding of the concept.', 'Utilizing special functions like sine, cosine, exponential, and logarithmic functions. The session demonstrates the usage of special functions such as sine, cosine, exponential, and logarithmic functions, showcasing the plotting of sine and cosine graphs, as well as calculating exponential and logarithmic values.']}], 'duration': 1891.271, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN830568253.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces the concept of axes in numpy arrays and demonstrates how to perform operations such as sum, square root, and standard deviation, with practical examples and results.', 'Demonstrating vertical and horizontal stacking of arrays. The tutorial illustrates vertical and horizontal stacking of arrays using np.vstack and np.hstack, presenting the results of stacking arrays vertically and horizontally, providing a clear understanding of the concept.', 'The session demonstrates the usage of special functions such as sine, cosine, exponential, and logarithmic functions, showcasing the plotting of sine and cosine graphs, as well as calculating exponential and logarithmic values.', 'Reshaping and Slicing Numpy Arrays The transcript demonstrates how to reshape a numpy array from 3x2 to 2x3, and perform slicing to extract specific elements, with clear examples and practical execution.', 'Finding Minimum, Maximum, and Sum of Array Elements The chapter explains how to find the maximum value (3), minimum value (1), and sum of elements (6) in a numpy array, emphasizing the simplicity of these operations.']}, {'end': 35247.536, 'segs': [{'end': 34129.948, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 34088.425, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 34093.288, 'text': 'Pd.series, give it a few values.', 'start': 34088.425, 'duration': 4.863}, {'end': 34103.982, 'text': "Let's say one, two, three, np.nan, five, I'm sorry, four, five, and then give the index value.", 'start': 34093.328, 'duration': 10.654}, {'end': 34107.282, 'text': 'The index is going to be dates.', 'start': 34104.642, 'duration': 2.64}, {'end': 34113.324, 'text': "And let's just shift all this two places.", 'start': 34110.423, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 34116.005, 'text': 'We have made an error, guys.', 'start': 34114.824, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 34121.466, 'text': 'Length of pass value is six and index implies 10.', 'start': 34116.805, 'duration': 4.661}, {'end': 34124.727, 'text': 'So we have to actually put more values.', 'start': 34121.466, 'duration': 3.261}, {'end': 34129.948, 'text': 'So write six, seven, eight, nine, yes.', 'start': 34125.207, 'duration': 4.741}], 'summary': 'Pandas series with 6 values and index shifted by 2.', 'duration': 41.523, 'max_score': 34088.425, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN834088425.jpg'}, {'end': 34733.009, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 34708.913, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 34716.097, 'text': 'it is going to have created a hierarchical index which will have different values for true columns and for false columns.', 'start': 34708.913, 'duration': 7.184}, {'end': 34721.519, 'text': "So that's how you do the grouping or that's where you actually need grouping using pandas.", 'start': 34716.755, 'duration': 4.764}, {'end': 34724.662, 'text': "Now, let's move and take a look at the next topic that we have.", 'start': 34722.34, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 34727.144, 'text': 'Okay, we have already talked about operations.', 'start': 34725.303, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 34733.009, 'text': "then I have talked about merge, where we have talked about concat and join, and then I've talked about splitting the data,", 'start': 34727.144, 'duration': 5.865}], 'summary': 'Using pandas, a hierarchical index is created for true and false columns, and various data operations are performed.', 'duration': 24.096, 'max_score': 34708.913, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN834708913.jpg'}], 'start': 32465.347, 'title': 'Python pandas and its data manipulation', 'summary': "Introduces python pandas, emphasizing its versatility in data manipulation, analysis, and cleaning, with applications in economics, stock prediction, recommendation systems, neuroscience, statistics, and advertising. it covers the basics of data handling, creating and viewing data frames, data frame operations, and various functions and operations in pandas, providing a comprehensive understanding of the library's capabilities and usage.", 'chapters': [{'end': 32691.197, 'start': 32465.347, 'title': 'Introduction to python pandas', 'summary': 'Introduces python pandas, a library for data manipulation, analysis, and cleaning, emphasizing its versatility for various data types and its importance in data-related projects. it explains the installation process and highlights the applications of pandas in economics, stock prediction, recommendation systems, neuroscience, statistics, and advertising.', 'duration': 225.85, 'highlights': ['Python pandas is used for data manipulation, analysis, and cleaning, and is well suited for different kinds of data, such as tabular data with heterogeneously typed columns, time series data, arbitrary matrix data, unlabeled data, and observational or statistical datasets. Python pandas is versatile, capable of working with tabular data with heterogeneously typed columns, time series data, arbitrary matrix data, unlabeled data, and other observational or statistical datasets.', "The installation process for pandas is straightforward, using commands like 'pip install pandas' in the command line or terminal, or by adding the library in an IDE like PyCharm or Anaconda, making it easily accessible for users. Installing pandas is straightforward, involving commands like 'pip install pandas' in the command line or terminal, or adding the library in an IDE like PyCharm or Anaconda, ensuring easy accessibility for users.", 'Python pandas is an integral part of various data-related projects, essential for tasks such as reading and working with datasets, making it indispensable in data analysis and related projects. Pandas is essential for tasks like reading and working with datasets, making it indispensable in data analysis and related projects.', 'Pandas has diverse applications, including economics, stock prediction, recommendation systems, neuroscience, statistics, and advertising, making it a valuable tool for analyzing and cleaning data from different platforms. Pandas has diverse applications in economics, stock prediction, recommendation systems, neuroscience, statistics, and advertising, making it a valuable tool for analyzing and cleaning data from different platforms.', 'Data frames and series are integral components of pandas, with data frames representing mutable, potentially heterogeneous tabular data and series as one-dimensional labeled arrays capable of holding various data types, collectively known as index. Data frames and series are integral components of pandas, with data frames representing mutable, potentially heterogeneous tabular data and series as one-dimensional labeled arrays capable of holding various data types, collectively known as index.']}, {'end': 33159.801, 'start': 32691.257, 'title': 'Python pandas data handling', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of python pandas data handling, including importing packages, creating series and data frames using numpy arrays and dictionary objects, and using categorical objects for data frames.', 'duration': 468.544, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the basics of Python pandas data handling The transcript provides a comprehensive overview of Python pandas, including importing packages and creating series and data frames using numpy arrays and dictionary objects.', 'Creating a data frame using dictionary objects and categorical objects The speaker demonstrates creating a data frame by passing a dictionary of objects that can be converted into a series and using categorical objects for data frames, providing a practical example for data handling.', 'Importing packages and creating series and data frames using numpy arrays The transcript includes guidance on importing pandas as PD and using numpy to create a series and data frame, offering practical steps and examples for data manipulation in Python.']}, {'end': 33653.829, 'start': 33159.9, 'title': 'Working with pandas data frames', 'summary': 'Covers creating and viewing data frames with pandas, including functions to display data types, index, columns, and numpy representation, as well as sorting, selecting single columns, slicing rows, and selecting data using labels and multi-axis, with a brief mention of reducing dimensions.', 'duration': 493.929, 'highlights': ['How to view data using Pandas library, including functions to display data types, index, columns, and numpy representation, as well as sorting by axis and values, and describing the data. The chapter covers various functions for viewing data using Pandas library, such as displaying data types, index, columns, numpy representation, sorting by axis and values, and describing the data.', 'Selecting single columns and slicing rows from the data frame, with examples and explanations of the process. The transcript explains how to select single columns and slice rows from the data frame, providing examples and explanations of the process.', 'Selecting data using labels and multi-axis, with an example of label slicing and a brief mention of reducing dimensions of the return object. The chapter demonstrates selecting data using labels and multi-axis, including an example of label slicing and a brief mention of reducing dimensions of the return object.']}, {'end': 34129.948, 'start': 33653.889, 'title': 'Data frame operations in pandas', 'summary': 'Covers accessing, selecting, and manipulating data in a data frame using methods such as loc, iloc, boolean indexing, setting new values, handling missing data, and applying descriptive statistics.', 'duration': 476.059, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers accessing, selecting, and manipulating data in a data frame using methods such as LOC, iloc, boolean indexing, setting new values, handling missing data, and applying descriptive statistics. accessing, selecting, manipulating data, LOC, iloc, boolean indexing, setting new values, handling missing data, descriptive statistics', 'We can get the boolean indexing, which is important when applying functions to the data frame. boolean indexing, importance in applying functions', 'Handling missing data involves re-indexing, checking for null values, dropping columns with null values, and filling missing values with specified values. re-indexing, checking null values, dropping columns, filling missing values', 'Descriptive statistics such as mean values can be obtained using Pandas operations. descriptive statistics, mean values']}, {'end': 35247.536, 'start': 34130.748, 'title': 'Pandas operations and functions', 'summary': 'Covers applying functions, histogramming, string methods, merging, grouping, stack, pivot tables, time series, and categoricals in pandas, including examples and explanations of each operation.', 'duration': 1116.788, 'highlights': ['Applying Functions The chapter demonstrates applying various functions such as sum, max, min, angle, and lambda functions on a data frame, showcasing the versatility of operations that can be performed on data in Pandas.', 'Merging The merging section explains the concat and join functions, allowing concatenation of Pandas objects along particular axes, with optional set logic, and the ability to add hierarchical indexing, providing a comprehensive understanding of merging data frames.', 'Grouping The grouping segment illustrates splitting data into groups based on specific criteria, applying functions, and combining the results into a data structure, highlighting the essential process of grouping data in Pandas.', 'Stack and Pivot Tables The explanation of stack and pivot tables showcases the reshaping of data frames using stack to compress levels and the creation of pivot tables with multi-index objects, providing a comprehensive understanding of these operations in Pandas.', 'Time Series and Categoricals The section covers resampling operations for frequency conversion in time series data and the significance of categorical data, offering insights into handling and interpreting categorical and numerical data in Pandas.']}], 'duration': 2782.189, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN832465347.jpg', 'highlights': ['Python pandas is versatile, capable of working with tabular data with heterogeneously typed columns, time series data, arbitrary matrix data, unlabeled data, and other observational or statistical datasets.', 'Pandas has diverse applications in economics, stock prediction, recommendation systems, neuroscience, statistics, and advertising, making it a valuable tool for analyzing and cleaning data from different platforms.', "The installation process for pandas is straightforward, involving commands like 'pip install pandas' in the command line or terminal, or adding the library in an IDE like PyCharm or Anaconda, ensuring easy accessibility for users.", 'The chapter covers accessing, selecting, and manipulating data in a data frame using methods such as LOC, iloc, boolean indexing, setting new values, handling missing data, and applying descriptive statistics.', 'The chapter demonstrates applying various functions such as sum, max, min, angle, and lambda functions on a data frame, showcasing the versatility of operations that can be performed on data in Pandas.', 'The chapter covers various functions for viewing data using Pandas library, such as displaying data types, index, columns, numpy representation, sorting by axis and values, and describing the data.']}, {'end': 38269.756, 'segs': [{'end': 35318.101, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 35268.008, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 35270.449, 'text': 'So I just take the range first fall.', 'start': 35268.008, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 35274.632, 'text': "So we'll take the dates.", 'start': 35271.85, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 35285.594, 'text': 'All right, I made a mistake.', 'start': 35283.433, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 35287.155, 'text': "I'll just cut this.", 'start': 35286.314, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 35296.239, 'text': "So I'll just run this again.", 'start': 35287.175, 'duration': 9.064}, {'end': 35297.66, 'text': "We'll get one more column.", 'start': 35296.259, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 35303.223, 'text': "And now what I'll do is I'll make one variable using the pd.dateRange.", 'start': 35298.281, 'duration': 4.942}, {'end': 35314.56, 'text': "Yes, and I'm gonna provide the range as, let's say, 2020.", 'start': 35306.685, 'duration': 7.875}, {'end': 35318.101, 'text': 'zero one or zero three, zero one.', 'start': 35314.56, 'duration': 3.541}], 'summary': 'Creating a date range for 2020 with pd.daterange.', 'duration': 50.093, 'max_score': 35268.008, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN835268008.jpg'}, {'end': 36677.602, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 36650.959, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 36654.542, 'text': "Then I'll use this pyplot in order to plot the graph in the canvas.", 'start': 36650.959, 'duration': 3.583}, {'end': 36662.71, 'text': "And then finally, I'll use this plt, which is nothing but pyplot, in order to show what we have got, all right? So pretty basic, guys.", 'start': 36655.243, 'duration': 7.467}, {'end': 36665.853, 'text': "So what I'll do, I'll open my PyCharm and execute this practical.", 'start': 36662.87, 'duration': 2.983}, {'end': 36671.737, 'text': 'All right, so before I open my PyCharm, we have a question from Brian.', 'start': 36667.594, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 36677.602, 'text': "He's asking, what are the tools that are used for data visualization? All right, so I'll tell you.", 'start': 36671.877, 'duration': 5.725}], 'summary': 'Data visualization tools discussed before practical in pycharm.', 'duration': 26.643, 'max_score': 36650.959, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN836650959.jpg'}, {'end': 37031.579, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 37003.457, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 37007.179, 'text': "Alright, now finally I'll type in plt.show.", 'start': 37003.457, 'duration': 3.722}, {'end': 37009.381, 'text': 'Now go ahead and run this.', 'start': 37007.96, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 37017.287, 'text': 'So you can see that we have a graph that contains the title info, y-axis is the y-label as well as x-axis as the x-label.', 'start': 37010.322, 'duration': 6.965}, {'end': 37021.731, 'text': "Now I'll again open my slides and we'll see what next are we going to see.", 'start': 37018.048, 'duration': 3.683}, {'end': 37024.113, 'text': 'So any questions or doubts still here.', 'start': 37022.552, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 37025.834, 'text': 'guys, you can ask me any questions?', 'start': 37024.113, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 37028.796, 'text': 'So we have no questions.', 'start': 37027.615, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 37029.497, 'text': "so what I'll do?", 'start': 37028.796, 'duration': 0.701}, {'end': 37031.579, 'text': "I'll open my slides and we'll move forward.", 'start': 37029.497, 'duration': 2.082}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating plotting with plt.show, no questions from audience', 'duration': 28.122, 'max_score': 37003.457, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN837003457.jpg'}], 'start': 35247.816, 'title': 'Data manipulation and visualization in python', 'summary': 'Covers creating and manipulating time series data, performing operations on 5-minute intervals, resampling, time zone representation, and period conversion. it also emphasizes the significance of data visualization, introduces matplotlib, and covers customizing and plotting graphs with matplotlib, pyplot basics, and matplotlib functionalities, catering to an audience transitioning into python.', 'chapters': [{'end': 35659.572, 'start': 35247.816, 'title': 'Time series and categoricals', 'summary': 'Introduces the creation and manipulation of time series data in python, covering the process of converting data into 5-minute intervals and performing operations such as resampling, time zone representation, utc conversion, and period conversion.', 'duration': 411.756, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the creation of time series data by converting the data into 5-minute intervals. The process involves converting the data into 5-minute intervals, with a common frequency of 5 minutes.', 'The explanation includes the process of resampling time series data to 5-minute intervals and performing a summation operation. The demonstration involves resampling time series data to 5-minute intervals and conducting a summation operation without encountering errors.', 'The tutorial provides guidance on creating time zone representations, including obtaining UTC and converting to another time zone such as US Eastern. The tutorial demonstrates creating time zone representations, obtaining UTC, and converting to another time zone like US Eastern.', 'The chapter also illustrates the conversion of time series data to period-based data with a frequency of M (month). The tutorial includes the process of converting time series data to period-based data with a frequency of M (month) and demonstrates the output.']}, {'end': 36194.668, 'start': 35661.113, 'title': 'Pandas arithmetic, categoricals, plotting, and file operations', 'summary': 'Covers using pandas for arithmetic operations, creating categorical data, plotting with pandas, and reading/writing to csv/excel files, with examples of renaming categories and plotting random values with matplotlib. it also demonstrates reading and writing csv/excel files.', 'duration': 533.555, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers using Pandas for arithmetic operations, creating categorical data, plotting with Pandas, and reading/writing to CSV/Excel files, with examples of renaming categories and plotting random values with matplotlib. It also demonstrates reading and writing CSV/Excel files.', "Creating categorical data involves using the 'category' method to rename categories, with an example of renaming categories from 'pass', 'fail' to 'very good', 'very bad', and 'excellent'.", "Plotting with Pandas involves importing the 'matplotlib.pyplot' library and using it to plot a graph for random values from 0 to 500, demonstrating the process of creating a series and plotting it.", 'Reading and writing to files includes examples of converting a Pandas series to a CSV file and reading from a CSV/Excel file, along with demonstrating how to handle Unicode errors while reading from a CSV file.']}, {'end': 36924.653, 'start': 36194.668, 'title': 'Importance of data visualization', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the significance of data visualization, highlighting that it enables easier comprehension of analysis, aids in quick interpretation and experimentation with data, and plays a crucial role in finding insights through a systematic process. the chapter also introduces matplotlib as a fundamental tool for data visualization and outlines the process of creating basic graphs using matplotlib.', 'duration': 729.985, 'highlights': ['Data visualization aids in easier comprehension of analysis and facilitates better decision-making, leveraging the fact that the human brain can process information more easily in pictorial or graphical form. Human brain processes information more easily in pictorial form', 'Data visualization enables quick interpretation of data trends, making it easier for non-analysts to understand and experiment with data, facilitating efficient decision-making. Enables quick interpretation of data trends', 'The process of finding insights in data involves visualization, analysis, documenting insights, and transforming the data set, emphasizing the pivotal role of visualization in this systematic process. Visualization, analysis, documenting insights, and transforming the data set are crucial steps in finding insights in data', 'Matplotlib is introduced as a fundamental tool for data visualization, enabling the creation of various types of plots such as bar graphs, histograms, scatter plots, pie plots, hexagonal bin plots, and area plots. Matplotlib facilitates the creation of various types of plots']}, {'end': 37417.303, 'start': 36926.753, 'title': 'Customizing and plotting graphs with matplotlib', 'summary': 'Covers the practical execution of customizing graphs using matplotlib in python, including defining variables, adding titles and labels, changing line width, adding grid lines, and plotting various types of graphs like bar graphs and histograms.', 'duration': 490.55, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the practical execution of customizing graphs using Matplotlib in Python It demonstrates the practical implementation of customizing graphs using Matplotlib in Python.', 'Defining variables, adding titles and labels, changing line width, adding grid lines, and plotting various types of graphs like bar graphs and histograms The process includes defining variables, adding titles and labels, changing line width, adding grid lines, and plotting different types of graphs like bar graphs and histograms.', 'Bar graphs are used to compare things between different groups and to measure changes over time when changes are larger Bar graphs are utilized to compare different groups and are suitable for measuring larger changes over time.']}, {'end': 37850.578, 'start': 37417.935, 'title': 'Plotting with pyplot', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of plotting with pyplot, including using plt.bar for bar plots, plt.hist for histograms, and plt.scatter for scatter plots. it also explains the difference between histogram and bar plot, and the usage of area plots for tracking changes in related groups.', 'duration': 432.643, 'highlights': ["Explaining the difference between histogram and bar plot Histograms are used for quantitative variables, while bar plots are used for categorical variables, illustrated with the example of plotting GDP growth for cities and age groups' contribution to GDP growth.", 'Code explanation for scatter plot The explanation of using plt.scatter for creating a scatter plot, including the definition of variables x and y, and the use of labels, colors, x and y labels, title, legend, and show function.', 'Explanation of area plot usage and code explanation The usage of area plots for tracking changes in related groups that make up one whole category, and the explanation of how to add labels to the stack plot by plotting empty lines with the same color and correct labels.']}, {'end': 38269.756, 'start': 37851.359, 'title': 'Matplotlib and python basics', 'summary': 'Introduces matplotlib functionalities by demonstrating the creation of pie charts and handling multiple plots, and also addresses basic python questions, catering to an audience coming from a java background and looking to transition into python.', 'duration': 418.397, 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces matplotlib functionalities by demonstrating the creation of pie charts and handling multiple plots. Demonstrates the creation of pie charts and handling multiple plots.', 'Basic Python questions are addressed, catering to an audience coming from a Java background and looking to transition into Python. Addresses basic Python questions, catering to an audience coming from a Java background and looking to transition into Python.', 'Pie charts are used to show parts to the whole and often a percentage. Matplotlib handles the sizes of the slices based on the numbers fed into it. Pie charts are used to show parts to the whole and often a percentage. Matplotlib handles the sizes of the slices based on the numbers fed into it.', 'The code for creating a pie chart involves specifying slices, labels, colors list, start angle, adding shadow, using explode to pull out a slice, and overlaying percentages on the graph. The code for creating a pie chart involves specifying slices, labels, colors list, start angle, adding shadow, using explode to pull out a slice, and overlaying percentages on the graph.', 'The concept of subplot is introduced to plot multiple graphs, specifying the arrangement of plots using the subplot function. The concept of subplot is introduced to plot multiple graphs, specifying the arrangement of plots using the subplot function.']}], 'duration': 3021.94, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN835247816.jpg', 'highlights': ['The tutorial provides guidance on creating time zone representations, including obtaining UTC and converting to another time zone such as US Eastern.', 'The chapter covers the creation of time series data by converting the data into 5-minute intervals.', 'Data visualization aids in easier comprehension of analysis and facilitates better decision-making, leveraging the fact that the human brain can process information more easily in pictorial or graphical form.', 'The chapter covers the practical execution of customizing graphs using Matplotlib in Python.', "Explaining the difference between histogram and bar plot Histograms are used for quantitative variables, while bar plots are used for categorical variables, illustrated with the example of plotting GDP growth for cities and age groups' contribution to GDP growth.", 'The chapter introduces matplotlib functionalities by demonstrating the creation of pie charts and handling multiple plots.']}, {'end': 41003.667, 'segs': [{'end': 39223.661, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 39171.209, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 39175.392, 'text': 'Do I use old style classes or new style classes? This is something called an old style class.', 'start': 39171.209, 'duration': 4.183}, {'end': 39176.893, 'text': 'This is using new style classes.', 'start': 39175.432, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 39179.475, 'text': 'Always use new style classes.', 'start': 39177.534, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 39183.338, 'text': 'It is only legacy architecture which makes use of old style classes.', 'start': 39179.876, 'duration': 3.462}, {'end': 39190.224, 'text': 'New style classes where the classes inherit from objects and object parent class as such.', 'start': 39184.259, 'duration': 5.965}, {'end': 39192.595, 'text': 'def fself.', 'start': 39190.834, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 39198.78, 'text': "okay, I'm creating a particular, you know function print.", 'start': 39192.595, 'duration': 6.185}, {'end': 39201.021, 'text': 'so it says that you know, just print this.', 'start': 39198.78, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 39203.583, 'text': 'in case you are invoking me now.', 'start': 39201.021, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 39206.465, 'text': 'okay, I will import something like m.', 'start': 39203.583, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 39210.428, 'text': 'so typically I would import it from a separate python script as such over here.', 'start': 39206.465, 'duration': 3.963}, {'end': 39215.451, 'text': "I'll show it to you directly in practice what exactly you're going to do.", 'start': 39210.428, 'duration': 5.023}, {'end': 39223.661, 'text': 'okay, monkey, self print on key f.', 'start': 39215.451, 'duration': 8.21}], 'summary': 'Prefer new style classes over old style classes for better inheritance and functionality.', 'duration': 52.452, 'max_score': 39171.209, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN839171209.jpg'}, {'end': 39384.199, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 39359.64, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 39369.848, 'text': 'okay, and you have a different working of that particular function and you want to patch it for this particular function which is part of the class.', 'start': 39359.64, 'duration': 10.208}, {'end': 39373.771, 'text': 'okay, you are going to force this particular function, which is why you do.', 'start': 39369.848, 'duration': 3.923}, {'end': 39379.856, 'text': 'my class dot f is equal to monkey underscore f, where f is the function of this particular class?', 'start': 39373.771, 'duration': 6.085}, {'end': 39381.737, 'text': 'monkey f is your.', 'start': 39379.856, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 39382.278, 'text': 'what do you say?', 'start': 39381.737, 'duration': 0.541}, {'end': 39384.199, 'text': 'patch function following me.', 'start': 39382.278, 'duration': 1.921}], 'summary': 'Patching a class function with a different working method.', 'duration': 24.559, 'max_score': 39359.64, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN839359640.jpg'}, {'end': 39484.264, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 39431.17, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 39436.734, 'text': 'you know, applying quick fixes so as to you know at runtime so that things do not go wrong.', 'start': 39431.17, 'duration': 5.564}, {'end': 39437.675, 'text': 'maybe you know something.', 'start': 39436.734, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 39440.256, 'text': 'there was a functionality and it is not working right.', 'start': 39437.675, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 39443.919, 'text': 'so you go ahead and apply a patch for that, something like this.', 'start': 39440.256, 'duration': 3.663}, {'end': 39448.258, 'text': 'okay, this is how you do it without changing the class itself.', 'start': 39443.919, 'duration': 4.339}, {'end': 39450.32, 'text': 'okay, now, here is a question.', 'start': 39448.258, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 39454.943, 'text': 'okay, how can you randomize the items of a list in place in python?', 'start': 39450.32, 'duration': 4.623}, {'end': 39457.885, 'text': 'okay, so this is a question which makes use of.', 'start': 39454.943, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 39459.907, 'text': 'you know something called a random.', 'start': 39457.885, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 39466.572, 'text': 'we have a particular module in python called random from random import, shuffle.', 'start': 39459.907, 'duration': 6.665}, {'end': 39471.695, 'text': "okay, you've got a whole lot of stuff within random, but you're not going to take it up.", 'start': 39466.572, 'duration': 5.123}, {'end': 39484.264, 'text': "so what we'll do is we'll create a list just a moment.", 'start': 39471.695, 'duration': 12.569}], 'summary': "The transcript discusses applying quick fixes and using python's random module to randomize a list.", 'duration': 53.094, 'max_score': 39431.17, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN839431170.jpg'}, {'end': 39647.915, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 39613.8, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 39621.984, 'text': 'l1 is equal to int of i or i in.', 'start': 39613.8, 'duration': 8.184}, {'end': 39623.584, 'text': 'you might be wondering what this is.', 'start': 39621.984, 'duration': 1.6}, {'end': 39628.626, 'text': 'so and l1 dot sort.', 'start': 39623.584, 'duration': 5.042}, {'end': 39631.327, 'text': 'so now you see that it has been sorted in place.', 'start': 39628.626, 'duration': 2.701}, {'end': 39641.234, 'text': 'so what we did here is we use something known as a list comprehension, which, can you know, travels over a particular list quickly and, you know,', 'start': 39631.327, 'duration': 9.907}, {'end': 39642.194, 'text': 'shorten your code.', 'start': 39641.234, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 39647.915, 'text': 'You create a list in place itself, okay, which means to say for i in L1,', 'start': 39642.434, 'duration': 5.481}], 'summary': 'Explanation of using list comprehension to sort a list in place', 'duration': 34.115, 'max_score': 39613.8, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN839613800.jpg'}, {'end': 39732.999, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 39677.068, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 39680.571, 'text': 'use map, okay, of int comma, L2.', 'start': 39677.068, 'duration': 3.503}, {'end': 39685.68, 'text': 'okay, l2.sort not l2.sort.', 'start': 39680.571, 'duration': 5.109}, {'end': 39686.64, 'text': "let's see.", 'start': 39685.68, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 39688.14, 'text': 'first we change it into an integer.', 'start': 39686.64, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 39689.341, 'text': 'this is a very short one.', 'start': 39688.14, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 39691.101, 'text': 'instead of using a particular list.', 'start': 39689.341, 'duration': 1.76}, {'end': 39694.122, 'text': 'comprehension, you can use a map.', 'start': 39691.101, 'duration': 3.021}, {'end': 39700.283, 'text': 'okay, map of int comma, l2 and l2 is equal to one, four, two, four and one.', 'start': 39694.122, 'duration': 6.161}, {'end': 39704.064, 'text': 'l2.sort will give you the sorted items.', 'start': 39700.283, 'duration': 3.781}, {'end': 39705.424, 'text': 'so there are two ways of doing it.', 'start': 39704.064, 'duration': 1.36}, {'end': 39707.885, 'text': 'this is one way and this is the other way.', 'start': 39705.424, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 39709.425, 'text': 'okay, are you all clear?', 'start': 39707.885, 'duration': 1.54}, {'end': 39717.374, 'text': 'so map what it does is it takes up any function And it maps it to a particular list of items.', 'start': 39709.425, 'duration': 7.949}, {'end': 39723.756, 'text': 'Does that answer all your questions that you have in mind? Roma, Madan, Varun? Alright.', 'start': 39717.774, 'duration': 5.982}, {'end': 39731.318, 'text': 'Now, you have another set of questions over here, which basically are simple programmatic questions.', 'start': 39724.316, 'duration': 7.002}, {'end': 39732.999, 'text': "Let's take a look at that.", 'start': 39731.758, 'duration': 1.241}], 'summary': 'Using map function with list comprehension and sorting in python.', 'duration': 55.931, 'max_score': 39677.068, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN839677068.jpg'}], 'start': 38270.456, 'title': 'Python programming concepts and techniques', 'summary': 'Covers key concepts and techniques in python programming, including the difference between shallow and deep copy, lists and tuples, python threading, multiprocessing, monkey patching, list operations, regular expressions, inheritance, django architecture, and setting up a database in django.', 'chapters': [{'end': 38854.014, 'start': 38270.456, 'title': 'Difference between shallow and deep copy, lists and tuples', 'summary': 'Covers the difference between shallow and deep copy, explaining the concept and usage with examples, followed by the distinction between lists and tuples, highlighting their mutability and use cases.', 'duration': 583.558, 'highlights': ['Shallow copy creates a new instance type with copied values, while deep copy handles references of references and admin structures. Shallow copy creates a new instance type with copied values and reference pointers, while deep copy handles references of references and admin structures, making it slower to run.', 'Lists are mutable data structures that can be modified at runtime, while tuples are fixed in nature and cannot be modified at runtime. Lists are mutable data structures that can be modified at runtime, whereas tuples are fixed in nature and cannot be modified at runtime, making them suitable for memory-intensive tasks.', 'Tuples are used for fixed data with a known size, while lists are suitable for dynamic data and memory-intensive tasks such as buffers, queues, and stacks. Tuples are used for fixed data with a known size, while lists are suitable for dynamic data and memory-intensive tasks such as buffers, queues, and stacks.']}, {'end': 39128.838, 'start': 38854.635, 'title': 'Python threading and multiprocessing', 'summary': 'Explains the concepts of python threading and multiprocessing, including the global interpreter lock (gil), the limitations and potential issues with multi-threading, and the benefits of multi-processing in utilizing multiple cpu cores, emphasizing the need for careful usage and management.', 'duration': 274.203, 'highlights': ['Python has a Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) which ensures that only one thread can execute at a certain point of time, potentially adding an overhead to execution. The GIL in Python ensures that only one thread can execute at a certain point of time, potentially adding an overhead to execution.', 'Multi-threading in Python mimics parallelism by taking turns using the CPU core, which can lead to faster execution but not necessarily true parallelism. Multi-threading in Python mimics parallelism by taking turns using the CPU core, potentially leading to faster execution but not true parallelism.', 'Using multi-processing in Python allows taking advantage of the number of CPU cores available, enabling parallel jobs to run on all cores. Multi-processing in Python allows taking advantage of the number of CPU cores available, enabling parallel jobs to run on all cores.']}, {'end': 39450.32, 'start': 39128.838, 'title': 'Monkey patching in python', 'summary': 'Explains monkey patching in python, which involves applying dynamic modifications to a class or module at runtime to create quick fixes or add dynamic attributes, demonstrated through an example patching a function in a class and its practical implications.', 'duration': 321.482, 'highlights': ['Monkey patching in Python involves applying dynamic modifications to a class or module at runtime, demonstrated through an example patching a function in a class. 5', 'It is used as a quick fix in case there are issues in the code or to apply patches for functionality that is not working right at runtime. 4', 'Monkey patching allows for creating patches to add dynamic attributes at runtime, which were initially not considered, without changing the class itself. 3', 'New style classes, where classes inherit from objects and object parent class, should be preferred over old style classes. 2', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of using new style classes and explains the concept of self as a definition for a particular constructor to create instances. 1']}, {'end': 40231.247, 'start': 39450.32, 'title': 'Python list operations and regular expressions', 'summary': "Covers the use of python's random module for shuffling lists, two methods for sorting a numerical dataset in python, creating a dictionary from two lists using zip, and various operations using regular expressions in python.", 'duration': 780.927, 'highlights': ["Using Python's random module for shuffling lists The chapter explains the use of the random module in Python, particularly the shuffle function, to shuffle items in a list in place.", 'Two methods for sorting a numerical dataset in Python The chapter discusses two methods for sorting a numerical dataset in Python: using list comprehension and using the map function.', 'Creating a dictionary from two lists using zip The chapter demonstrates the creation of a dictionary from two lists or tuples with a matching number of arguments using the zip function.', 'Various operations using regular expressions in Python The chapter covers operations using regular expressions in Python, such as splitting a string into a list, finding and replacing substrings, and counting replacements using the re module.']}, {'end': 40635.377, 'start': 40231.247, 'title': 'Python inheritance and django architecture', 'summary': 'Covers the concept of inheritance in python, including different types such as single, multi-level, hierarchical, and multiple inheritance, along with a detailed explanation of the django architecture, including the mvt pattern and its relation to mvc, emphasizing the role of model, view, and template in web application development.', 'duration': 404.13, 'highlights': ['Inheritance in Python includes different types such as single, multi-level, hierarchical, and multiple inheritance, with single and multiple inheritance being the most commonly used. The different types of inheritance in Python include single, multi-level, hierarchical, and multiple inheritance, with single and multiple inheritance being the most commonly used. This provides an overview of the types of inheritance in Python.', 'Explanation of the MVT pattern in Django and its relation to MVC, emphasizing the roles of model, view, and template in web application development. Detailed explanation of the MVT pattern in Django and its relation to MVC, emphasizing the roles of model, view, and template in web application development. This provides a comprehensive understanding of the Django architecture and its significance in web development.', "The view in Django functions as a regular controller, and the template in MVT is similar to the view in MVC, handling the templating part with HTML templates. The view in Django functions as a regular controller, and the template in MVT is similar to the view in MVC, handling the templating part with HTML templates. This highlights the specific roles and relationships between view and template in Django's architecture."]}, {'end': 41003.667, 'start': 40635.877, 'title': 'Setting up database in django', 'summary': 'Explains how to set up a database in django, configuring database in settings.py file, writing views, templates, and handling sessions, including the use of session ids and cookies for user logins and logouts.', 'duration': 367.79, 'highlights': ['Configuring the database in settings.py file The settings.py file is used for configuring the database, where details like the database engine, directory names, and the actual database name are specified.', 'Writing views in Django Views in Django are similar to controllers, pulling information from models and templates to serve as an HTTP response, such as returning the current date and time as an HTML document.', 'Handling sessions using session IDs and cookies Django allows for the use of sessions to store and retrieve data on a per-site visitor basis, with the ability to manage user logins and logouts using session IDs and cookies, including setting timeouts for automatic logout.']}], 'duration': 2733.211, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN838270456.jpg', 'highlights': ['Lists are mutable data structures that can be modified at runtime, while tuples are fixed in nature and cannot be modified at runtime.', 'Using multi-processing in Python allows taking advantage of the number of CPU cores available, enabling parallel jobs to run on all cores.', 'Monkey patching in Python involves applying dynamic modifications to a class or module at runtime, demonstrated through an example patching a function in a class.', 'The chapter explains the use of the random module in Python, particularly the shuffle function, to shuffle items in a list in place.', 'The different types of inheritance in Python include single, multi-level, hierarchical, and multiple inheritance, with single and multiple inheritance being the most commonly used. This provides an overview of the types of inheritance in Python.', 'Detailed explanation of the MVT pattern in Django and its relation to MVC, emphasizing the roles of model, view, and template in web application development. This provides a comprehensive understanding of the Django architecture and its significance in web development.', 'The settings.py file is used for configuring the database, where details like the database engine, directory names, and the actual database name are specified.', 'Views in Django are similar to controllers, pulling information from models and templates to serve as an HTTP response, such as returning the current date and time as an HTML document.']}, {'end': 42898.034, 'segs': [{'end': 41153.169, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 41114.588, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 41119.435, 'text': "You want to say you have a class called book, you've got an article, you've got two different classes.", 'start': 41114.588, 'duration': 4.847}, {'end': 41126.224, 'text': 'You do not want to create a particular class which has got all information regarding book and article from scratch.', 'start': 41119.896, 'duration': 6.328}, {'end': 41130.409, 'text': 'Instead, you can just derived from those particular classes.', 'start': 41126.405, 'duration': 4.004}, {'end': 41133.532, 'text': 'as such, you can directly derive from those particular classes.', 'start': 41130.409, 'duration': 3.123}, {'end': 41137.636, 'text': 'but please remember one thing you have multiple table inheritance.', 'start': 41133.532, 'duration': 4.104}, {'end': 41146.704, 'text': 'so by default, so it allows you to overwrite basically existing functions as such, but in multi-table inheritance it does not allow you to do that.', 'start': 41137.636, 'duration': 9.068}, {'end': 41148.426, 'text': 'okay, are you all clear on that?', 'start': 41146.704, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 41151.228, 'text': 'Now, what are proxy models?', 'start': 41149.226, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 41153.169, 'text': 'Now proxy models.', 'start': 41151.588, 'duration': 1.581}], 'summary': 'Using inheritance for classes, with multiple table inheritance and proxy models.', 'duration': 38.581, 'max_score': 41114.588, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN841114588.jpg'}, {'end': 41226.055, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 41200.186, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 41205.147, 'text': 'So it will contain the database column type, if it is integer string, where char or anything like that.', 'start': 41200.186, 'duration': 4.961}, {'end': 41212.72, 'text': "The default HTML widget available while rendering a form field whether it's a text box,", 'start': 41206.172, 'duration': 6.548}, {'end': 41221.49, 'text': "whether it's a particular email you've got an email text field, something like that.", 'start': 41212.72, 'duration': 8.77}, {'end': 41223.071, 'text': "You've got different types of field classes.", 'start': 41221.51, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 41226.055, 'text': "You've got a password field, anything like this.", 'start': 41224.133, 'duration': 1.922}], 'summary': 'The transcript discusses database column types and html form field widgets.', 'duration': 25.869, 'max_score': 41200.186, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN841200186.jpg'}, {'end': 42318.453, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 42285.945, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 42287.786, 'text': "you've got so the 3d.", 'start': 42285.945, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 42291.97, 'text': "you've got Maya vi as well.", 'start': 42287.786, 'duration': 4.184}, {'end': 42300.16, 'text': 'you also got nvd3, which is part of the d3.js library.', 'start': 42291.97, 'duration': 8.19}, {'end': 42304.583, 'text': "So you've got different beautiful charting APIs which you can use.", 'start': 42300.5, 'duration': 4.083}, {'end': 42310.247, 'text': 'Now, how do I find indices of an array where some condition is true?', 'start': 42305.984, 'duration': 4.263}, {'end': 42313.89, 'text': 'So you can simply do this np.array of.', 'start': 42310.868, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 42317.012, 'text': 'you have an array of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine.', 'start': 42313.89, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 42318.453, 'text': 'print a greater than three.', 'start': 42317.012, 'duration': 1.441}], 'summary': 'Introduction to 3d, maya vi, and nvd3 for charting apis. demonstrates finding indices of an array with a given condition.', 'duration': 32.508, 'max_score': 42285.945, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN842285945.jpg'}], 'start': 41004.068, 'title': 'Python data manipulation and analysis', 'summary': 'Discusses django inheritance styles, field classes, saving images locally in python, web scraping techniques, numpy usage, efficiency, and limitations, scipy comparison, 3d visualizations, numpy array manipulation, and pandas data frame manipulation.', 'chapters': [{'end': 41253.463, 'start': 41004.068, 'title': 'Django inheritance and field classes', 'summary': 'Discusses three inheritance styles in django: abstract based classes (abc), multiple table inheritance, and proxy models, along with the content of a field class in django, containing database column type, default html widget, and minimum validation requirements.', 'duration': 249.395, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the three possible inheritance styles in Django: Abstract Based Classes (ABC), Multiple Table Inheritance, and Proxy Models, providing a clear understanding of each style and their use cases.', 'It details the content of a field class in Django, encompassing the database column type, default HTML widget, and minimum validation requirements, emphasizing the essential components of a field class.', 'The session clarifies the purpose and usage of Abstract Based Classes (ABC) in Django, highlighting its significance in minimizing redundant coding and creating specific classes that are not fully implemented, leading to more efficient programming practices.', 'It outlines the concept of Multiple Table Inheritance in Django, enabling the creation of a model based on an existing table and inheritance from multiple tables, streamlining the process and promoting code reusability.', "The chapter delves into Proxy Models in Django, highlighting their utility in modifying Python level behavior without altering the model's field, providing an approach for creating multiple behaviors without changing the base model's behavior."]}, {'end': 41816.667, 'start': 41253.463, 'title': 'Saving image locally in python', 'summary': "Explains how to save an image locally using python, obtain the google cache age of a url, and scrape data from imdb top 250 movie pages. it also covers using python's requests library, beautiful soup for web scraping, and key methods for extracting specific information from web pages.", 'duration': 563.204, 'highlights': ["The chapter explains how to save an image locally using Python The speaker demonstrates using Python's requests library to save an image locally by encoding and writing the response from a specified URL.", 'Obtaining the Google cache age of a URL The chapter details how to use a specific format to retrieve the cache content of a URL from webcache.googleusercontent.com.', 'Scraping data from IMDB top 250 movie pages The chapter covers the process of scraping movie names, years, and ratings from IMDB top 250 movie pages using Beautiful Soup for HTML parsing and request for obtaining the page content.']}, {'end': 42121.536, 'start': 41817.407, 'title': 'Python numpy data analysis', 'summary': 'Covers the use of numpy in python for data analysis, including techniques for obtaining indices of maximum values, percentile calculation, and the differences between numpy arrays and lists, highlighting the efficiency and speed of numpy and the limitations of lists for vectorized operations.', 'duration': 304.129, 'highlights': ['NumPy arrays offer efficient vector and matrix operations for data analysis, providing built-in features like FFTs, convolution, searching, linear algebra, histograms, etc.', 'The speed and efficiency of NumPy arrays are highlighted through examples, demonstrating their advantage over lists for vectorized operations and avoiding unnecessary work.', 'The chapter provides techniques for obtaining the indices of the n maximum values in a NumPy array using argsort and demonstrates percentile calculation using np.percentile in Python.', 'The differences between NumPy arrays and lists are explained, emphasizing the limitations of lists for vectorized operations like element-wise addition, multiplication, and division, which are supported in NumPy arrays.']}, {'end': 42285.945, 'start': 42122.197, 'title': 'Numpy vs scipy and 3d visualizations', 'summary': 'Covers the difference between numpy and scipy, their compatibility, and the usage of numpy and scipy for 3d visualizations, alongside the tools available for 2d and 3d plotting.', 'duration': 163.748, 'highlights': ['NumPy and SciPy are recommended to be used together for scientific computing It is advised to use both NumPy and SciPy together for scientific computing, as SciPy has a whole lot of its own operations and more fully featured versions of linear algebra modules.', 'SciPy contains integration, differentiation, and linear algebra functions SciPy contains integration, differentiation, and linear algebra functions, making it much easier for scientific computing.', 'NumPy cannot store different data types in a single array NumPy cannot store different data types in a single array and is homogeneous within a single array, allowing separate arrays of Booleans, strings, integers, and floats.', 'Different tools and libraries are available for 3D and 2D plotting and visualizations For 3D plotting, tools like mplot3d sub package and mayavi are available, while for 2D plotting, libraries like Bokeh and NVD3 can be used.']}, {'end': 42898.034, 'start': 42285.945, 'title': 'Numpy array indices and pandas data manipulation', 'summary': 'Covers numpy array manipulation to find indices based on a condition and pandas data frame manipulation including renaming column headers, iterating through values with indices, converting a list of dictionaries into a pandas data frame, and filtering based on specific values.', 'duration': 612.089, 'highlights': ['You can find indices of an array where a condition is true using np.nonzero, for example, np.nonzero(a > 3) will give you the indices of elements greater than 3. Using np.nonzero(a > 3) allows finding the indices of elements greater than 3 in the array.', 'To rename column headers in pandas data frame, you can use df.columns to access and modify the column names directly. df.columns allows accessing and modifying column names directly in a pandas data frame.', 'Iterating through values with indices in a pandas data frame can be achieved using df.iterrows, which provides both the index and row information. df.iterrows provides a way to iterate through values with indices in a pandas data frame, offering both index and row information.', 'Converting a list of dictionaries into a pandas data frame can be done directly using pd.DataFrame(data), where data is the dictionary containing the data. Converting a list of dictionaries into a pandas data frame can be achieved directly using pd.DataFrame(data).']}], 'duration': 1893.966, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/fWedX4IxzN8/pics/fWedX4IxzN841004068.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the three possible inheritance styles in Django: Abstract Based Classes (ABC), Multiple Table Inheritance, and Proxy Models, providing a clear understanding of each style and their use cases.', 'NumPy arrays offer efficient vector and matrix operations for data analysis, providing built-in features like FFTs, convolution, searching, linear algebra, histograms, etc.', "The chapter explains how to save an image locally using Python The speaker demonstrates using Python's requests library to save an image locally by encoding and writing the response from a specified URL.", 'NumPy and SciPy are recommended to be used together for scientific computing It is advised to use both NumPy and SciPy together for scientific computing, as SciPy has a whole lot of its own operations and more fully featured versions of linear algebra modules.', 'To rename column headers in pandas data frame, you can use df.columns to access and modify the column names directly. df.columns allows accessing and modifying column names directly in a pandas data frame.']}], 'highlights': ['The course covers a comprehensive Python full course including Python fundamentals, core concepts, object-oriented programming, advanced concepts, file handling, database technologies, and essential modules like NumPy and Pandas, crucial for AI, ML, and Data Science, with the aim to prepare viewers for job interviews.', 'Python has versatile applications including application development, web design, game design, UI UX development, data science, machine learning, and automation.', 'The chapter emphasizes the ease of installation of Anaconda distribution, recommending it as the easiest way to set up the Python ecosystem.', 'Python has been ranked the number one programming language in TOB Index and is used by largest tech companies like Pinterest, Spotify, YouTube, Instagram.', 'Covers creating and running a Python file to print a message', 'Explains variables as temporarily stored values in computer memory', 'Covers string operations in Python, including the use of string methods for manipulation', 'Explains arithmetic operators such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, and power', 'Explains the concept and usage of Python Lambda functions.', 'Provides examples of Lambda functions with single and multiple arguments.', 'Explains the concept and syntax of user-defined functions.', 'Provides examples of defining and using user-defined functions with any number of arguments and statements.', "Python's interpreter comes equipped with numerous built-in functions such as print, sum, min, and max.", 'The print function in Python is used to print output to the console and includes parameters for value, separator, end, file, and flush.', 'Python has implicit support for data structures like lists, dictionaries, tuples, and sets, and allows users to create their own data structures.', 'The chapter provides detailed insights into the characteristics and applications of arrays, stacks, queues, trees, linked lists, graphs, hash maps, and algorithms, emphasizing their relevance and practical use in various fields.', 'Object-oriented programming uses access modifiers such as public, private, and protected, making it more secure compared to procedural languages.', 'The chapter covers examples of different types of inheritance, including single, multiple, multi-level, hierarchical, and hybrid inheritance.', 'Docstrings describe what a function is going to do, while comments describe how it is going to do.', 'The chapter covers logical operators, including logical and, logical or, and logical not, with examples demonstrating their functionality and outputs.', 'The chapter explains the concept of operators and operands used to perform operations between two values or variables, emphasizing the manipulation of operands using constructs or special symbols.', 'Methods for sets include finding length, accessing elements, adding or updating elements, removing and deleting elements, and finding union, intersection, and difference of sets', 'The chapter provides a practical example of attempting to divide by zero in Python, which results in a specific error message being displayed.', 'Regular expressions aid in verifying the format of email addresses, allowing for the identification of correct and fake email addresses (e.g., verifying email address formats to distinguish fake addresses).', 'The importance of file handling in server access is highlighted, as files are used extensively for importing data sets into deep learning models, emphasizing the practical use of file handling in Python.', 'The process of establishing a connection between the Python application and MySQL database is detailed, including the steps of sending a connection request, accepting the request, and executing SQL queries.', 'The chapter covers the creation of time series data by converting the data into 5-minute intervals.', 'Lists are mutable data structures that can be modified at runtime, while tuples are fixed in nature and cannot be modified at runtime.', 'Using multi-processing in Python allows taking advantage of the number of CPU cores available, enabling parallel jobs to run on all cores.', 'NumPy arrays offer efficient vector and matrix operations for data analysis, providing built-in features like FFTs, convolution, searching, linear algebra, histograms, etc.', 'To rename column headers in pandas data frame, you can use df.columns to access and modify the column names directly.']}