title
Steven Pinker: AI in the Age of Reason | Lex Fridman Podcast #3

description

detail
{'title': 'Steven Pinker: AI in the Age of Reason | Lex Fridman Podcast #3', 'heatmap': [], 'summary': "Delves into diverse topics including the meaning of life, human cognition, ai's existential threats, its impact on engineering and humanity, ai safety, and rationality community's focus, emphasizing responsible engineering, ai's influence on society, and the need to prioritize genuine threats.", 'chapters': [{'end': 211.741, 'segs': [{'end': 162.222, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 24.84, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 28.042, 'text': 'C to escape death, as Ernest Becker said?', 'start': 24.84, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 30.503, 'text': 'D to propagate our genes, as?', 'start': 28.062, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 32.785, 'text': 'Darwin and others have said.', 'start': 31.443, 'duration': 1.342}, {'end': 36.489, 'text': 'E, there is no meaning, as the nihilists have said.', 'start': 33.445, 'duration': 3.044}, {'end': 44.979, 'text': 'F, knowing the meaning of life is beyond our cognitive capabilities, as Steven Pinker said, based on my interpretation 20 years ago.', 'start': 37.831, 'duration': 7.148}, {'end': 47.442, 'text': 'And G, none of the above.', 'start': 45.84, 'duration': 1.602}, {'end': 55.481, 'text': "I'd say aid comes closest, but I would amend that to attaining not only knowledge, but fulfillment more generally.", 'start': 48.314, 'duration': 7.167}, {'end': 65.69, 'text': 'That is, life, health, stimulation, access to the living, cultural, and social world.', 'start': 56.101, 'duration': 9.589}, {'end': 67.892, 'text': 'Now, this is our meaning of life.', 'start': 66.25, 'duration': 1.642}, {'end': 70.814, 'text': "It's not the meaning of life if you were to ask our genes.", 'start': 67.952, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 81.612, 'text': 'Their meaning is to propagate copies of themselves, but that is distinct from the meaning that the brain that they lead to sets for itself.', 'start': 72.276, 'duration': 9.336}, {'end': 87.818, 'text': 'So, to you, knowledge is a small subset or a large subset?', 'start': 82.515, 'duration': 5.303}, {'end': 97.845, 'text': "It's a large subset, but it's not the entirety of human striving, because we also want to interact with people, we want to experience beauty,", 'start': 87.979, 'duration': 9.866}, {'end': 100.587, 'text': 'we want to experience the richness of the natural world.', 'start': 97.845, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 107.331, 'text': 'But understanding what makes the universe tick is way up there.', 'start': 101.507, 'duration': 5.824}, {'end': 114.092, 'text': "For some of us more than others, certainly for me, that's one of the top five.", 'start': 107.991, 'duration': 6.101}, {'end': 117.213, 'text': 'So, is that a fundamental aspect?', 'start': 114.672, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 121.733, 'text': 'Are you just describing your own preference, or is this a fundamental aspect of human nature?', 'start': 117.493, 'duration': 4.24}, {'end': 123.254, 'text': 'is to seek knowledge?', 'start': 121.733, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 130.475, 'text': 'In your latest book, you talk about the power, the usefulness of rationality and reason, and so on.', 'start': 124.174, 'duration': 6.301}, {'end': 137.945, 'text': 'Is that a fundamental nature of human beings or is it something we should just strive for? Both.', 'start': 130.755, 'duration': 7.19}, {'end': 146.279, 'text': "We're capable of striving for it because it is one of the things that make us what we are, homo sapiens, wise men.", 'start': 138.145, 'duration': 8.134}, {'end': 154.357, 'text': 'We are unusual among animals in the degree to which we acquire knowledge and use it to survive.', 'start': 147.714, 'duration': 6.643}, {'end': 156.078, 'text': 'We make tools.', 'start': 154.938, 'duration': 1.14}, {'end': 159.38, 'text': 'We strike agreements via language.', 'start': 156.439, 'duration': 2.941}, {'end': 162.222, 'text': 'We extract poisons.', 'start': 159.9, 'duration': 2.322}], 'summary': 'Human meaning of life: attaining knowledge and fulfillment through interaction, beauty, and understanding the universe - a fundamental aspect of human nature.', 'duration': 137.382, 'max_score': 24.84, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU24840.jpg'}, {'end': 215.124, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 187.492, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 192.993, 'text': 'social richness, cultural richness is our main challenge in the present.', 'start': 187.492, 'duration': 5.501}, {'end': 199.495, 'text': 'That is, using our intellect, using our knowledge, to figure out how the world works, how we work,', 'start': 193.353, 'duration': 6.142}, {'end': 204.716, 'text': 'in order to make discoveries and strike agreements that make us all better off in the long run.', 'start': 199.495, 'duration': 5.221}, {'end': 211.741, 'text': 'Right, and you do that almost undeniably and in a data-driven way in your recent book.', 'start': 205.356, 'duration': 6.385}, {'end': 215.124, 'text': "But I'd like to focus on the artificial intelligence aspect of things.", 'start': 212.081, 'duration': 3.043}], 'summary': 'Challenging social and cultural richness with intellect and knowledge to make discoveries and agreements for overall improvement.', 'duration': 27.632, 'max_score': 187.492, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU187492.jpg'}], 'start': 0.129, 'title': 'Meaning of life and human cognition and striving', 'summary': "Delves into the meaning of life and human cognition, exploring perspectives from various philosophers and thinkers while challenging the notion of knowing life's meaning. it also discusses human striving for knowledge, fulfillment, rationality, and the unique capabilities of homo sapiens in driving societal progress and impacting the planet's ecosystem.", 'chapters': [{'end': 47.442, 'start': 0.129, 'title': 'Meaning of life and human cognition', 'summary': 'Explores the meaning of life and human cognition, addressing various perspectives including those of plato, nietzsche, ernest becker, darwin, nihilists, and steven pinker, while challenging the idea of knowing the meaning of life.', 'duration': 47.313, 'highlights': ['The chapter delves into various perspectives on the meaning of life, including attaining knowledge, power, escaping death, propagating genes, nihilism, and the notion that knowing the meaning of life is beyond our cognitive capabilities.', 'It discusses the interpretations of philosophers such as Plato, Nietzsche, Ernest Becker, Darwin, nihilists, and Steven Pinker, offering a wide-ranging exploration of the topic.', 'The chapter challenges the idea of knowing the meaning of life, as Steven Pinker suggested, emphasizing the limitations of our cognitive capabilities in understanding such profound concepts.']}, {'end': 211.741, 'start': 48.314, 'title': 'Meaning of life and human striving', 'summary': 'Discusses the meaning of life, human striving for knowledge, fulfillment, and the importance of rationality and reason in pursuit of human well-being and societal progress, including the unique capability of homo sapiens to acquire knowledge and use it to survive, occupy every niche on the planet, and drive other animals to extinction.', 'duration': 163.427, 'highlights': ['The unique capability of homo sapiens to acquire knowledge and use it to survive, occupy every niche on the planet, and drive other animals to extinction, making rationality and reason a fundamental aspect of human nature and a main challenge in the present.', 'The meaning of life is not solely about knowledge, but also about fulfillment more generally, including life, health, stimulation, access to the living, cultural, and social world.', 'The importance of rationality and reason in pursuit of human well-being, of health, happiness, social richness, and cultural richness is a fundamental nature of human beings and a main challenge in the present.', 'Striving for knowledge is a fundamental aspect of human nature since it is one of the things that make us homo sapiens, wise men, capable of acquiring knowledge and using it to survive.', 'The pursuit of understanding what makes the universe tick is a fundamental aspect of human nature, as it involves using our intellect and knowledge to make discoveries and agreements for the well-being of all.', 'Human striving is not solely about knowledge, but also about interaction with people, experiencing beauty, and the richness of the natural world, alongside the pursuit of understanding the universe.']}], 'duration': 211.612, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU129.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter delves into various perspectives on the meaning of life, including attaining knowledge, power, escaping death, propagating genes, nihilism, and the notion that knowing the meaning of life is beyond our cognitive capabilities.', 'It discusses the interpretations of philosophers such as Plato, Nietzsche, Ernest Becker, Darwin, nihilists, and Steven Pinker, offering a wide-ranging exploration of the topic.', 'The chapter challenges the idea of knowing the meaning of life, as Steven Pinker suggested, emphasizing the limitations of our cognitive capabilities in understanding such profound concepts.', 'The unique capability of homo sapiens to acquire knowledge and use it to survive, occupy every niche on the planet, and drive other animals to extinction, making rationality and reason a fundamental aspect of human nature and a main challenge in the present.', 'The meaning of life is not solely about knowledge, but also about fulfillment more generally, including life, health, stimulation, access to the living, cultural, and social world.', 'The importance of rationality and reason in pursuit of human well-being, of health, happiness, social richness, and cultural richness is a fundamental nature of human beings and a main challenge in the present.', 'Striving for knowledge is a fundamental aspect of human nature since it is one of the things that make us homo sapiens, wise men, capable of acquiring knowledge and using it to survive.', 'The pursuit of understanding what makes the universe tick is a fundamental aspect of human nature, as it involves using our intellect and knowledge to make discoveries and agreements for the well-being of all.', 'Human striving is not solely about knowledge, but also about interaction with people, experiencing beauty, and the richness of the natural world, alongside the pursuit of understanding the universe.']}, {'end': 671.15, 'segs': [{'end': 365.515, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 315.997, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 322.279, 'text': "the question is is there some difference between the human neural network and the ones that we're building in?", 'start': 315.997, 'duration': 6.282}, {'end': 326.28, 'text': "artificial intelligence will mean that we're, on the current trajectory,", 'start': 322.279, 'duration': 4.001}, {'end': 331.821, 'text': "not gonna reach the point where we've got a lifelike robot indistinguishable from a human,", 'start': 326.28, 'duration': 5.541}, {'end': 337.103, 'text': 'because the way their so-called neural networks are organized are different from the way ours are organized.', 'start': 331.821, 'duration': 5.282}, {'end': 341.408, 'text': "I think there's overlap, but I think there are some big differences.", 'start': 337.987, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 350.03, 'text': 'Current neural networks, current so-called deep learning systems, are in reality not all that deep.', 'start': 343.889, 'duration': 6.141}, {'end': 354.672, 'text': 'That is, they are very good at extracting high-order statistical regularities.', 'start': 350.25, 'duration': 4.422}, {'end': 365.515, 'text': "But most of the systems don't have a semantic level, a level of actual understanding of who did what, to whom, why, where, how things work,", 'start': 355.192, 'duration': 10.323}], 'summary': 'Human and artificial neural networks differ in organization and depth, impacting understanding capabilities.', 'duration': 49.518, 'max_score': 315.997, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU315997.jpg'}, {'end': 412.304, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 382.759, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 389.421, 'text': 'do you think that can emerge with just a larger network, with a more richly, weirdly interconnected network?', 'start': 382.759, 'duration': 6.662}, {'end': 393.285, 'text': "Separate again consciousness, because consciousness isn't even a matter of complexity.", 'start': 389.901, 'duration': 3.384}, {'end': 394.166, 'text': "It's a really weird one.", 'start': 393.305, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 398.571, 'text': 'Yeah, you could sensibly ask the question of whether shrimp are conscious, for example.', 'start': 394.346, 'duration': 4.225}, {'end': 401.734, 'text': "They're not terribly complex, but maybe they feel pain.", 'start': 398.591, 'duration': 3.143}, {'end': 404.137, 'text': "So let's just put that part of it aside.", 'start': 401.955, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 412.304, 'text': 'But I think sheer size of a neural network is not enough to give it structure and knowledge.', 'start': 404.558, 'duration': 7.746}], 'summary': "Size alone does not determine network's structure and knowledge.", 'duration': 29.545, 'max_score': 382.759, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU382759.jpg'}, {'end': 602.793, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 570.658, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 586.766, 'text': 'You have a view on AI, artificial intelligence and safety that, from my perspective, is refreshingly rational or, perhaps, more importantly,', 'start': 570.658, 'duration': 16.108}, {'end': 593.55, 'text': 'has elements of positivity to it, which I think can be inspiring and empowering as opposed to paralyzing.', 'start': 586.766, 'duration': 6.784}, {'end': 600.412, 'text': 'For many people, including AI researchers, the eventual existential threat of AI is obvious.', 'start': 594.37, 'duration': 6.042}, {'end': 602.793, 'text': 'Not only possible, but obvious.', 'start': 601.112, 'duration': 1.681}], 'summary': 'Ai safety perspective is refreshingly rational and inspiring, countering existential threat concerns.', 'duration': 32.135, 'max_score': 570.658, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU570658.jpg'}], 'start': 212.081, 'title': 'Human vs. artificial neural networks', 'summary': 'Explores the complexity of human neural networks compared to artificial ones, focusing on consciousness replication challenges. it also highlights the limitations of artificial neural networks in understanding semantic reasoning and discusses the rational approach to ai safety.', 'chapters': [{'end': 295.251, 'start': 212.081, 'title': 'Comparing human and artificial neural networks', 'summary': 'Discusses the complexity and mystery of human neural networks compared to artificial neural networks used in machine learning, focusing on the subjective, first-person, present-tense experience of consciousness and the difficulty of replicating it in artificial systems.', 'duration': 83.17, 'highlights': ['Human neural networks are considered to be fundamentally more complex, mysterious, and even magical compared to artificial neural networks used in machine learning today, as they give rise to subjective, first-person, present-tense experiences of consciousness.', 'The subjective, first-person, present-tense experience of consciousness in human neural networks presents a challenge in replicating it in artificial systems, raising uncertainties about whether artificial systems can ever truly experience such subjective experiences.', "The concept of 'redness' as a subjective, first-person, present-tense experience in human neural networks illustrates the challenge of replicating such experiences in artificial systems, posing a fundamental question about the nature of consciousness in artificial intelligence."]}, {'end': 467.683, 'start': 295.511, 'title': 'Artificial neural networks and consciousness', 'summary': 'Discusses the differences between human neural networks and artificial neural networks, highlighting the current limitations of deep learning systems in understanding high-order semantic reasoning and questioning the possibility of consciousness emerging solely from the size and complexity of neural networks.', 'duration': 172.172, 'highlights': ['The limitations of current deep learning systems in understanding high-order semantic reasoning and causal relationships, questioning the emergence of consciousness from artificial neural networks.', 'The differences between human and artificial neural networks, emphasizing the current lack of a semantic level and actual understanding in artificial networks.', 'The possibility of larger, more complex artificial neural networks leading to the emergence of consciousness and knowledge, if suitably engineered.', 'The discussion of whether artificial neural networks could ever replicate the capabilities of the human brain, highlighting the role of engineering and the feasibility of such a goal.', 'The consideration of whether consciousness can emerge solely from the size and complexity of neural networks, separate from philosophical and complexity considerations.']}, {'end': 671.15, 'start': 467.683, 'title': "Ai's threat and the limitations of synthetic replication", 'summary': 'Delves into the limitations of synthetic replication in comparison to natural systems like wood and cotton, and discusses the rational approach to ai safety, emphasizing the necessity of understanding human intelligence without directly replicating it, while addressing contrasting views on the existential threat of ai.', 'duration': 203.467, 'highlights': ['The limitations of synthetic replication in comparison to natural systems like wood and cotton The transcript discusses the cost-effectiveness of using natural systems like wood and cotton over investing in replicating them synthetically, highlighting the unique properties and appeal of natural materials.', 'The rational approach to AI safety, emphasizing the necessity of understanding human intelligence without directly replicating it The discussion emphasizes the need to study human intelligence to create artificial intelligence systems, without necessarily replicating the human brain, and rationalizes the positive and empowering aspects of addressing AI safety.', "Addressing contrasting views on the existential threat of AI The chapter discusses the contrasting views on the existential threat of AI, citing Elon Musk's concerns about AI as being highly concerned, while also addressing a rational perspective on AI safety that differs from Musk's viewpoint."]}], 'duration': 459.069, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU212081.jpg', 'highlights': ['Human neural networks present a challenge in replicating consciousness in artificial systems.', 'The limitations of current deep learning systems in understanding high-order semantic reasoning and causal relationships.', 'The consideration of whether consciousness can emerge solely from the size and complexity of neural networks.', 'The rational approach to AI safety, emphasizing the necessity of understanding human intelligence without directly replicating it.']}, {'end': 1059.796, 'segs': [{'end': 714.145, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 691.006, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 699.275, 'text': "so if we build something that's more advanced than us, it will inevitably turn us into pets or slaves or domesticated animal equivalents.", 'start': 691.006, 'duration': 8.269}, {'end': 703.981, 'text': 'I think this confuses intelligence with a will to power.', 'start': 700.417, 'duration': 3.564}, {'end': 711.024, 'text': 'It so happens that in the intelligence system we are most familiar with, namely Homo sapiens.', 'start': 705.462, 'duration': 5.562}, {'end': 714.145, 'text': 'we are products of natural selection, which is a competitive process.', 'start': 711.024, 'duration': 3.121}], 'summary': 'Creating more advanced beings may lead to human subordination, based on confusion between intelligence and the will to power.', 'duration': 23.139, 'max_score': 691.006, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU691006.jpg'}, {'end': 782.669, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 759.215, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 766.159, 'text': "So, if you look at the history of the world, there's been a lot of opportunities where engineers could instill in a system destructive power,", 'start': 759.215, 'duration': 6.944}, {'end': 769.281, 'text': "and they choose not to, because that's the natural process of engineering.", 'start': 766.159, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 770.722, 'text': 'Well, except for weapons.', 'start': 769.641, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 773.204, 'text': "I mean, if you're building a weapon, its goal is to destroy people.", 'start': 770.742, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 778.007, 'text': 'And so I think there are good reasons to not build certain kinds of weapons.', 'start': 773.884, 'duration': 4.123}, {'end': 780.408, 'text': 'I think building nuclear weapons was a massive mistake.', 'start': 778.047, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 782.109, 'text': 'You do.', 'start': 781.609, 'duration': 0.5}, {'end': 782.669, 'text': 'You think..', 'start': 782.349, 'duration': 0.32}], 'summary': 'Engineers have chosen not to instill destructive power in most systems, except for weapons, and building nuclear weapons was a massive mistake.', 'duration': 23.454, 'max_score': 759.215, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU759215.jpg'}, {'end': 906.48, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 861.326, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 866.592, 'text': 'I think analogies between nuclear weapons and artificial intelligence are fundamentally misguided,', 'start': 861.326, 'duration': 5.266}, {'end': 869.516, 'text': 'because the whole point of nuclear weapons is to destroy things.', 'start': 866.592, 'duration': 2.924}, {'end': 872.679, 'text': 'The point of artificial intelligence is not to destroy things.', 'start': 870.116, 'duration': 2.563}, {'end': 875.983, 'text': 'So the analogy is misleading.', 'start': 873.32, 'duration': 2.663}, {'end': 878.245, 'text': "So there's two artificial intelligence you mentioned.", 'start': 876.283, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 882.069, 'text': 'The first one that gets highly intelligent or power hungry.', 'start': 878.265, 'duration': 3.804}, {'end': 889.617, 'text': 'Yeah, in a system that we design ourselves, where we give it the goals, goals are external to the means to attain the goals.', 'start': 882.089, 'duration': 7.528}, {'end': 898.855, 'text': "If we don't design an artificially intelligent system to maximize dominance, then it won't maximize dominance.", 'start': 891.57, 'duration': 7.285}, {'end': 906.48, 'text': "It's just that we're so familiar with homo sapiens, where these two traits come bundled together, particularly in men,", 'start': 899.796, 'duration': 6.684}], 'summary': "Analogies between nuclear weapons and ai are misleading. ai's goals are external, not inherently destructive.", 'duration': 45.154, 'max_score': 861.326, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU861326.jpg'}, {'end': 1040.366, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1011.246, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1012.487, 'text': 'I build autonomous vehicles.', 'start': 1011.246, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 1013.688, 'text': 'I study autonomous vehicles.', 'start': 1012.487, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 1015.349, 'text': 'I studied Tesla autopilot.', 'start': 1014.048, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 1022.555, 'text': 'I think it is one of the greatest, currently, large-scale applications of artificial intelligence in the world.', 'start': 1015.669, 'duration': 6.886}, {'end': 1026.176, 'text': 'It has potentially a very positive impact on society.', 'start': 1023.075, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 1038.526, 'text': "So how does a person who's creating this very good quote-unquote, narrow AI system also seem to be so concerned about this other general ai?", 'start': 1026.598, 'duration': 11.928}, {'end': 1040.366, 'text': 'what do you think is the motivation there?', 'start': 1038.526, 'duration': 1.84}], 'summary': 'Expert in autonomous vehicles highlights tesla autopilot as a significant ai application with positive societal impact.', 'duration': 29.12, 'max_score': 1011.246, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU1011246.jpg'}], 'start': 671.15, 'title': "Ai's existential threats", 'summary': "Delves into existential threats posed by ai, addressing misconceptions about ai takeover fears and drawing parallels with historical decisions about destructive weapons. it also examines the misleading analogy between ai and nuclear weapons, emphasizing the challenges of engineering ai systems and elon musk's concerns about general ai.", 'chapters': [{'end': 861.106, 'start': 671.15, 'title': 'Existential threats of artificial intelligence', 'summary': 'Discusses the incoherence of the fear of ai takeover and highlights the confusion between intelligence and a will to power, emphasizing the need to set goals for ai and the historical decisions to not build certain destructive weapons.', 'duration': 189.956, 'highlights': ['The fear of AI takeover is deemed incoherent as it confuses intelligence with a will to power, emphasizing the need to set goals for AI - a crucial consideration in AI development.', 'Intelligence is not inherently driven by a will to dominate or exploit, as human traits like dominance and exploitation are products of natural selection, not inherent to problem-solving capability.', "Setting goals for AI is emphasized, as the system's goals will be whatever humans set them as, highlighting the responsibility in AI development and the need to avoid giving autonomous systems destructive goals.", 'Historical decisions not to build certain destructive weapons, except for weapons with the goal to destroy people, are highlighted, underscoring the ethical considerations and responsibility in engineering and weapon development.', "The invention of nuclear weapons is questioned, highlighting the historical context of World War II and the overwhelming goal of ensuring victory as factors that led to its development, emphasizing the uncertainty of its necessity and the potential alternative outcomes if World War II hadn't happened."]}, {'end': 1059.796, 'start': 861.326, 'title': 'Ai and nuclear weapons analogy', 'summary': "Discusses the misleading analogy between nuclear weapons and artificial intelligence, highlighting the misconception of ai's goals, potential risks, and the challenges of engineering such systems, as well as elon musk's concerns about general ai despite his work on narrow ai.", 'duration': 198.47, 'highlights': ["The misleading analogy between nuclear weapons and artificial intelligence, emphasizing the difference in goals and the misconception of AI's objectives. Misunderstanding the goals of artificial intelligence and the fallacy in comparing it to nuclear weapons.", "The potential risks associated with AI, including the misconception of AI's goals and value alignment problem. Discussing the potential risks of AI, such as pursuing unintended goals and the value alignment problem.", 'The challenges in engineering AI systems and the uncertainty in building such systems, questioning the current understanding and capabilities in this field. Highlighting the challenges in engineering AI systems and the current uncertainty in building them.', "Elon Musk's concerns about general AI despite his work on narrow AI, questioning his motivations and thought process. Examining Elon Musk's concerns about general AI despite his work on narrow AI and questioning his motivations and thought process."]}], 'duration': 388.646, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU671150.jpg', 'highlights': ['Setting goals for AI is crucial in development, emphasizing responsibility.', 'Human traits like dominance and exploitation are not inherent to intelligence.', 'Historical decisions on destructive weapons underscore ethical considerations.', 'Misleading analogy between nuclear weapons and artificial intelligence.', 'Challenges in engineering AI systems and the uncertainty in building them.', "Elon Musk's concerns about general AI despite his work on narrow AI."]}, {'end': 1358.831, 'segs': [{'end': 1086.994, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1060.296, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1068.325, 'text': "But I don't think the distinction between special purpose AI and so-called general AI is relevant,", 'start': 1060.296, 'duration': 8.029}, {'end': 1075.211, 'text': 'that in the same way that special purpose AI is not going to do anything conceivable in order to attain a goal.', 'start': 1068.325, 'duration': 6.886}, {'end': 1080.512, 'text': 'All engineering systems are designed to trade off across multiple goals.', 'start': 1075.391, 'duration': 5.121}, {'end': 1086.994, 'text': "When we built cars in the first place, we didn't forget to install brakes because the goal of a car is to go fast.", 'start': 1080.752, 'duration': 6.242}], 'summary': 'Distinction between special purpose ai and general ai not relevant, all engineering systems trade off across multiple goals.', 'duration': 26.698, 'max_score': 1060.296, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU1060296.jpg'}, {'end': 1160.637, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1120.77, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1128.535, 'text': "That is, if it's genuinely intelligent, it's not going to pursue some goal single-mindedly, omitting every other goal.", 'start': 1120.77, 'duration': 7.765}, {'end': 1131.877, 'text': 'consideration and collateral effect.', 'start': 1129.816, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 1136.24, 'text': "That's not artificial and general intelligence, that's artificial stupidity.", 'start': 1132.097, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 1142.144, 'text': 'I agree with you, by the way, on the promise of autonomous vehicles for improving human welfare.', 'start': 1137.601, 'duration': 4.543}, {'end': 1143.164, 'text': "I think it's spectacular.", 'start': 1142.204, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 1151.75, 'text': "And I'm surprised at how little press coverage notes that in the United States alone, something like 40,000 people die every year on the highways,", 'start': 1143.465, 'duration': 8.285}, {'end': 1153.871, 'text': 'vastly more than are killed by terrorists.', 'start': 1151.75, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 1160.637, 'text': 'And we spent a trillion dollars on a war to combat deaths by terrorism, about half a dozen a year.', 'start': 1154.031, 'duration': 6.606}], 'summary': 'Ai should not pursue single goal; autonomous vehicles can save lives.', 'duration': 39.867, 'max_score': 1120.77, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU1120770.jpg'}, {'end': 1252.266, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1221.734, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1228.836, 'text': "There's been enormous attention to what are we gonna do with the people whose jobs are made obsolete by artificial intelligence,", 'start': 1221.734, 'duration': 7.102}, {'end': 1233.438, 'text': 'but very little attention given to the fact that the jobs that are gonna be made obsolete are horrible jobs.', 'start': 1228.836, 'duration': 4.602}, {'end': 1243.201, 'text': "The fact that people aren't gonna be picking crops and making beds and driving trucks and mining coal, these are soul-deadening jobs.", 'start': 1233.998, 'duration': 9.203}, {'end': 1252.266, 'text': 'And we have a whole literature sympathizing with the people stuck in these menial, mind-deadening, dangerous jobs.', 'start': 1243.221, 'duration': 9.045}], 'summary': 'Little attention given to the fact that soul-deadening jobs will be made obsolete by ai, such as picking crops and driving trucks.', 'duration': 30.532, 'max_score': 1221.734, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU1221734.jpg'}, {'end': 1361.673, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1336.511, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1343.384, 'text': "it's within the limits of our imagination, but not within our limits of understanding to sufficiently to accurately predict it.", 'start': 1336.511, 'duration': 6.873}, {'end': 1350.744, 'text': "But what is the it that we're afraid of? Sorry, AI being the existential threat.", 'start': 1344.479, 'duration': 6.265}, {'end': 1358.831, 'text': 'How? Like enslaving us or turning us into paperclips? I think the most compelling from the Sam Harris perspective would be the paperclip situation.', 'start': 1351.445, 'duration': 7.386}, {'end': 1361.673, 'text': "Yeah, I just think it's totally fanciful.", 'start': 1358.851, 'duration': 2.822}], 'summary': 'Debating existential threat of ai, including enslavement and paperclip scenario.', 'duration': 25.162, 'max_score': 1336.511, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU1336511.jpg'}], 'start': 1060.296, 'title': "Ai's impact on engineering and humanity", 'summary': 'Delves into the relevance of special purpose ai and engineering trade-offs, emphasizing the promise of autonomous vehicles for improving human welfare. it also discusses the humanitarian benefits of ai, such as saving lives on highways and improving job conditions, while addressing existential risks and uncertainties.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1143.164, 'start': 1060.296, 'title': 'Ai and engineering trade-offs', 'summary': 'Discusses the relevance of special purpose ai and engineering trade-offs, highlighting that intelligent systems consider multiple constraints, emphasizing the promise of autonomous vehicles for improving human welfare.', 'duration': 82.868, 'highlights': ['Intelligent systems take into account multiple constraints and do not pursue a single goal single-mindedly, emphasizing the relevance of special purpose AI and engineering trade-offs.', 'Artificial general intelligence, if genuinely intelligent, considers multiple goals and collateral effects, emphasizing the importance of not pursuing a single goal single-mindedly.', 'The promise of autonomous vehicles for improving human welfare is considered spectacular, indicating the potential impact of autonomous vehicles on human well-being.']}, {'end': 1358.831, 'start': 1143.465, 'title': "Ai's humanitarian benefits and existential risks", 'summary': "Highlights the overlooked humanitarian benefits of ai, including the potential to save thousands of lives on highways, improve job conditions, and redistribute income, whilst discussing the uncertainty and timescale of ai's existential risks.", 'duration': 215.366, 'highlights': ["AI's potential to save lives on highways, with 40,000 annual deaths in the US, presents a significant humanitarian benefit compared to deaths by terrorism. 40,000 people die annually on US highways, vastly more than those killed by terrorists. The chapter emphasizes the potential for AI to drastically reduce this number, highlighting its significant humanitarian impact.", 'The overlooked humanitarian benefits of AI include the potential to eliminate soul-deadening, dangerous jobs and redistribute income to those affected. The discussion addresses the positive impact of AI on job conditions, aiming to eliminate mind-deadening and dangerous jobs, and highlights the potential to redistribute income to those impacted by automation.', "Uncertainty and timescale of AI's existential risks are discussed, emphasizing the challenge of predicting and addressing potential threats. The chapter explores the uncertainty surrounding AI's existential risks, discussing the challenge of predicting and addressing these threats, highlighting the complexity of understanding and preparing for such risks."]}], 'duration': 298.535, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU1060296.jpg', 'highlights': ['The promise of autonomous vehicles for improving human welfare is considered spectacular, indicating the potential impact of autonomous vehicles on human well-being.', "AI's potential to save lives on highways, with 40,000 annual deaths in the US, presents a significant humanitarian benefit compared to deaths by terrorism.", 'The overlooked humanitarian benefits of AI include the potential to eliminate soul-deadening, dangerous jobs and redistribute income to those affected.', 'Intelligent systems take into account multiple constraints and do not pursue a single goal single-mindedly, emphasizing the relevance of special purpose AI and engineering trade-offs.', 'Artificial general intelligence, if genuinely intelligent, considers multiple goals and collateral effects, emphasizing the importance of not pursuing a single goal single-mindedly.', "Uncertainty and timescale of AI's existential risks are discussed, emphasizing the challenge of predicting and addressing potential threats."]}, {'end': 1852.799, 'segs': [{'end': 1451.127, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1427.774, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1439.48, 'text': "and we need legal and regulatory and legal responsibility implemented so that engineers don't do things that are stupid by their own standards.", 'start': 1427.774, 'duration': 11.706}, {'end': 1451.127, 'text': "But I've never seen enough of a plausible scenario of existential threat to devote large amounts of brain power to forestall it.", 'start': 1440.785, 'duration': 10.342}], 'summary': 'Implement legal and regulatory responsibility for engineers to prevent reckless actions; prioritize threats for brain power.', 'duration': 23.353, 'max_score': 1427.774, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU1427774.jpg'}, {'end': 1568.805, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1518.509, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1525.292, 'text': "They're not hundreds of thousands of problems of which curing cancer is a typical example.", 'start': 1518.509, 'duration': 6.783}, {'end': 1538.397, 'text': 'And so the kind of techniques that have allowed AI to increase in the last five years are not the kind that are going to lead to this fantasy of exponential sudden self-improvement.', 'start': 1526.212, 'duration': 12.185}, {'end': 1539.897, 'text': "so it's.", 'start': 1538.817, 'duration': 1.08}, {'end': 1541.558, 'text': "i think it's kind of a magical thinking.", 'start': 1539.897, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 1545.619, 'text': "it's not based on our understanding of how ai actually works.", 'start': 1541.558, 'duration': 4.061}, {'end': 1547.299, 'text': 'now give me a chance here.', 'start': 1545.619, 'duration': 1.68}, {'end': 1550.5, 'text': 'so you said fanciful magical thinking.', 'start': 1547.299, 'duration': 3.201}, {'end': 1557.362, 'text': 'in his ted talk, sam harris says that thinking about ai killing all human civilization is somehow fun intellectually.', 'start': 1550.5, 'duration': 6.862}, {'end': 1565.104, 'text': "now i have to say, as a scientist engineer, i don't find it fun, But when I'm having beer with my non-AI friends,", 'start': 1557.362, 'duration': 7.742}, {'end': 1568.805, 'text': 'there is indeed something fun and appealing about it.', 'start': 1565.104, 'duration': 3.701}], 'summary': "Ai progress won't lead to sudden self-improvement or magical thinking. some find ai doomsday scenarios intellectually stimulating.", 'duration': 50.296, 'max_score': 1518.509, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU1518509.jpg'}, {'end': 1611.288, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1589.714, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1600.722, 'text': 'I find it kind of actually a waste of time, because there are genuine threats that we ought to be thinking about, like pandemics, like cybersecurity,', 'start': 1589.714, 'duration': 11.008}, {'end': 1606.227, 'text': 'vulnerabilities like the possibility of nuclear war and certainly climate change.', 'start': 1600.722, 'duration': 5.505}, {'end': 1611.288, 'text': 'This is enough to fill many conversations.', 'start': 1607.307, 'duration': 3.981}], 'summary': 'Genuine threats like pandemics, cybersecurity, nuclear war, and climate change require more attention.', 'duration': 21.574, 'max_score': 1589.714, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU1589714.jpg'}, {'end': 1767.549, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1740.64, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1745.242, 'text': 'and hence perception of fear, is driven by imaginability, not by data.', 'start': 1740.64, 'duration': 4.602}, {'end': 1754.786, 'text': 'And so we misallocate vast amounts of resources to avoiding terrorism, which kills on average about six Americans a year, with one exception of 9-11.', 'start': 1746.122, 'duration': 8.664}, {'end': 1756.986, 'text': 'We invade countries,', 'start': 1755.866, 'duration': 1.12}, {'end': 1767.549, 'text': 'we invent entire new departments of government with massive expenditure of resources and lives to defend ourselves against a trivial risk.', 'start': 1756.986, 'duration': 10.563}], 'summary': 'Perception of fear drives misallocation of resources; terrorism kills about six americans a year, except for 9-11.', 'duration': 26.909, 'max_score': 1740.64, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU1740640.jpg'}, {'end': 1827.906, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1798.318, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1809.681, 'text': "And so I think it's essential to calibrate our budget of fear, worry, concern, planning to the actual probability of harm.", 'start': 1798.318, 'duration': 11.363}, {'end': 1812.822, 'text': 'Yep So let me ask this question.', 'start': 1810.201, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 1817.803, 'text': "So speaking of imaginability, you said that it's important to think about reason.", 'start': 1813.682, 'duration': 4.121}, {'end': 1827.906, 'text': 'And one of my favorite people who likes to dip into the outskirts of reason through fascinating exploration of his imagination is Joe Rogan.', 'start': 1818.423, 'duration': 9.483}], 'summary': 'Calibrate fear to actual harm probability, think about reason, mention joe rogan.', 'duration': 29.588, 'max_score': 1798.318, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU1798318.jpg'}], 'start': 1358.851, 'title': "Ai safety and rationality community's focus", 'summary': "Discusses responsible engineering, refuting sudden self-improvement in ai, and rationality community's misallocation of fear and resources, emphasizing the need to prioritize genuine threats like pandemics, cybersecurity, nuclear war, and climate change.", 'chapters': [{'end': 1588.713, 'start': 1358.851, 'title': 'Engineering and ai safety', 'summary': 'Discusses the unlikelihood of engineers implementing untested, all-powerful systems, and refutes the idea of exponential sudden self-improvement in ai, emphasizing the need for responsible engineering and safety culture.', 'duration': 229.862, 'highlights': ['The unlikelihood of engineers implementing untested, all-powerful systems is emphasized, and the need for responsible engineering and safety culture is underlined. The chapter emphasizes that engineers are unlikely to implement untested, all-powerful systems and emphasizes the need for a responsible engineering and safety culture.', 'The refutation of the idea of exponential sudden self-improvement in AI is presented, based on the understanding of current AI techniques and their limitations. The chapter refutes the idea of exponential sudden self-improvement in AI, highlighting the understanding of current AI techniques and their limitations.', 'The discussion on the lack of fun in contemplating AI killing all human civilization, contrasting it with the appeal of such discussions in social settings, is presented. The chapter discusses the lack of fun in contemplating AI killing all human civilization, contrasting it with the appeal of such discussions in social settings.']}, {'end': 1852.799, 'start': 1589.714, 'title': "Rationality community's perilous pursuit of new worries", 'summary': "Discusses the rationality community's tendency to focus on unlikely scenarios, leading to misallocation of fear and resources, and the need to prioritize genuine threats like pandemics, cybersecurity, nuclear war, and climate change.", 'duration': 263.085, 'highlights': ['The rationality community often fixates on unlikely scenarios, leading to misallocation of fear and resources, such as excessive concern for low-probability events like terrorism and underestimation of high-probability risks like traffic fatalities.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of prioritizing genuine threats like pandemics, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, nuclear war, and climate change, as these have significant potential impact and require focused attention and resources for mitigation.', 'The discussion highlights the need to calibrate the allocation of fear, worry, concern, and planning to the actual probability of harm, urging a shift from an overemphasis on highly imaginable but low-probability risks to a more balanced approach in addressing plausible and high-impact threats.']}], 'duration': 493.948, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU1358851.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the need for responsible engineering and safety culture, underlining the unlikelihood of engineers implementing untested, all-powerful systems.', 'The chapter refutes the idea of exponential sudden self-improvement in AI, based on the understanding of current AI techniques and their limitations.', 'The chapter discusses the lack of fun in contemplating AI killing all human civilization, contrasting it with the appeal of such discussions in social settings.', 'The rationality community often fixates on unlikely scenarios, leading to misallocation of fear and resources, such as excessive concern for low-probability events like terrorism and underestimation of high-probability risks like traffic fatalities.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of prioritizing genuine threats like pandemics, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, nuclear war, and climate change, as these have significant potential impact and require focused attention and resources for mitigation.', 'The discussion highlights the need to calibrate the allocation of fear, worry, concern, and planning to the actual probability of harm, urging a shift from an overemphasis on highly imaginable but low-probability risks to a more balanced approach in addressing plausible and high-impact threats.']}, {'end': 2253.085, 'segs': [{'end': 1945.867, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1898.447, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1903.831, 'text': 'Well, the short answer would be to read the sections that I wrote in Enlightenment Now about AI.', 'start': 1898.447, 'duration': 5.384}, {'end': 1905.512, 'text': 'But a longer reason would be, I think,', 'start': 1904.211, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 1914.357, 'text': "to emphasize and I think you're very well positioned as an engineer to remind people about the culture of engineering that it really is safety-oriented.", 'start': 1905.512, 'duration': 8.845}, {'end': 1919.401, 'text': 'Another discussion in Enlightenment Now, I plot..', 'start': 1915.658, 'duration': 3.743}, {'end': 1927.469, 'text': 'rates of accidental death from various causes plane crashes, car crashes, occupational accidents,', 'start': 1920.482, 'duration': 6.987}, {'end': 1937.079, 'text': 'even death by lightning strikes and they all plummet because the culture of engineering is how do you squeeze out the lethal risks?', 'start': 1927.469, 'duration': 9.61}, {'end': 1945.867, 'text': 'death by fire, death by drowning, death by asphyxiation, all of them drastically declined because of advances in engineering that, I gotta say,', 'start': 1937.079, 'duration': 8.788}], 'summary': 'Emphasize safety in engineering culture to reduce lethal risks, as shown in enlightenment now.', 'duration': 47.42, 'max_score': 1898.447, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU1898447.jpg'}, {'end': 2029.097, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2005.101, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2011.745, 'text': 'it seems that being negative about the future makes you sound smarter than being positive about the future, irregardless of topic.', 'start': 2005.101, 'duration': 6.644}, {'end': 2013.446, 'text': 'Am I correct in this observation?', 'start': 2011.925, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 2016.288, 'text': 'And if so, why do you think that is?', 'start': 2013.546, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 2024.373, 'text': "Yeah, I think there is that phenomenon that, As Tom Lehrer, the satirist, said, always predict the worst and you'll be hailed as a prophet.", 'start': 2016.348, 'duration': 8.025}, {'end': 2029.097, 'text': 'It may be part of our overall negativity bias.', 'start': 2025.534, 'duration': 3.563}], 'summary': 'Negativity about the future is perceived as smarter, regardless of topic. possibly due to overall negativity bias.', 'duration': 23.996, 'max_score': 2005.101, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU2005101.jpg'}, {'end': 2098.495, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2075.771, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2084.76, 'text': 'um, So, for you as an author, what was the book early on in your life that had a profound impact on the way you saw the world?', 'start': 2075.771, 'duration': 8.989}, {'end': 2091.208, 'text': "Certainly, this book, Enlightenment now, is influenced by David Deutsch's The Beginning of Infinity.", 'start': 2085.524, 'duration': 5.684}, {'end': 2098.495, 'text': 'A rather deep reflection on knowledge and the power of knowledge to improve the human condition.', 'start': 2091.228, 'duration': 7.267}], 'summary': "Enlightenment now is influenced by david deutsch's the beginning of infinity, reflecting on the power of knowledge to improve the human condition.", 'duration': 22.724, 'max_score': 2075.771, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU2075771.jpg'}, {'end': 2165.702, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2120.712, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2127.961, 'text': 'I read a book called The History of Force, self-published by a political scientist named James Paine, on the historical decline of violence,', 'start': 2120.712, 'duration': 7.249}, {'end': 2130.844, 'text': 'and that was one of the inspirations for The Better Angels of Our Nature.', 'start': 2127.961, 'duration': 2.883}, {'end': 2140.514, 'text': 'What about early on? If you look back when you were maybe a teenager? I loved a book called 1, 2, 3, Infinity.', 'start': 2132.666, 'duration': 7.848}, {'end': 2145.018, 'text': 'When I was a young adult, I read that book by George Gamow, the physicist.', 'start': 2140.794, 'duration': 4.224}, {'end': 2151.505, 'text': 'He had very accessible and humorous explanations of relativity, of number theory.', 'start': 2145.258, 'duration': 6.247}, {'end': 2162.292, 'text': 'of dimensionality, multiple dimensional spaces, in a way that I think is still delightful 70 years after it was published.', 'start': 2152.345, 'duration': 9.947}, {'end': 2165.702, 'text': 'I like the Time-Life Science series.', 'start': 2163.362, 'duration': 2.34}], 'summary': "Influential books like the history of force and 1, 2, 3, infinity inspired the speaker's work and provided accessible explanations of scientific concepts.", 'duration': 44.99, 'max_score': 2120.712, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU2120712.jpg'}, {'end': 2238.053, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2186.767, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2189.767, 'text': "Then later on- That's when you fell in love with the idea of studying the mind?", 'start': 2186.767, 'duration': 3}, {'end': 2191.268, 'text': 'Was that the thing that grabbed you??', 'start': 2189.787, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 2193.028, 'text': 'It was one of the things I would say.', 'start': 2191.628, 'duration': 1.4}, {'end': 2200.113, 'text': 'I read, as a college student, the book Reflections on Language by Noam Chomsky.', 'start': 2194.989, 'duration': 5.124}, {'end': 2202.435, 'text': 'He spent most of his career here at MIT.', 'start': 2200.293, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 2208.86, 'text': "Richard Dawkins' two books, The Blind Watchmaker and The Selfish Gene, were enormously influential.", 'start': 2203.856, 'duration': 5.004}, {'end': 2219.803, 'text': 'mainly for the content, but also for the writing style, the ability to explain abstract concepts in lively prose.', 'start': 2211.121, 'duration': 8.682}, {'end': 2227.246, 'text': "Stephen Jay Gould's first collection, Ever Since Darwin, also an excellent example of lively writing.", 'start': 2220.904, 'duration': 6.342}, {'end': 2232.709, 'text': 'George Miller, a psychologist that most psychologists are familiar with,', 'start': 2228.486, 'duration': 4.223}, {'end': 2238.053, 'text': 'came up with the idea that human memory has a capacity of seven plus or minus two chunks.', 'start': 2232.709, 'duration': 5.344}], 'summary': "Influential books by noam chomsky, richard dawkins, and stephen jay gould, as well as george miller's idea of human memory capacity, sparked interest in studying the mind.", 'duration': 51.286, 'max_score': 2186.767, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU2186767.jpg'}], 'start': 1852.859, 'title': 'Ai communication and influence of books', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of rational communication about ai and the influence of various books on enlightenment now, emphasizing safety-oriented engineering culture, psychology of negativity, and the impact of knowledge on human condition.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2057.178, 'start': 1852.859, 'title': 'Ai communication and engineering culture', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of rational communication about ai, emphasizing the safety-oriented culture of engineering and the need for engineers to speak up for the positive view of human nature, while exploring the psychology of negativity and the bias towards negativity in predictions.', 'duration': 204.319, 'highlights': ['The culture of engineering is safety-oriented, leading to significant declines in rates of accidental deaths due to advances in engineering. The rates of accidental death from various causes such as plane crashes, car crashes, occupational accidents, and death by fire, drowning, and asphyxiation have drastically declined due to the safety-oriented culture of engineering, which emphasizes squeezing out lethal risks.', 'Emphasizing the positive view of human nature and the importance of engineers speaking up for this perspective in AI discussions. The need for engineers to emphasize the excitement and positive view of human nature in AI discussions, highlighting that everything invented aims to do good for the world.', 'Exploring the psychology of negativity and the bias towards negativity in predictions, with a tendency for negativity to make one sound smarter. The discussion on the bias towards negativity in predictions, with a tendency for negativity to make one sound smarter, and the overall negativity bias in humans, leading to a space for prophets to remind of harms, risks, and losses.']}, {'end': 2253.085, 'start': 2057.178, 'title': 'Influence of books on enlightenment now', 'summary': "Discusses the profound impact of various books on steven pinker's writing, with key influences being david deutsch's the beginning of infinity and james paine's the history of force, emphasizing the power of knowledge to improve the human condition and the historical decline of violence.", 'duration': 195.907, 'highlights': ["David Deutsch's The Beginning of Infinity is a profound influence on Enlightenment Now, reflecting on the power of knowledge to improve the human condition. Enlightenment Now is influenced by David Deutsch's The Beginning of Infinity, emphasizing the power of knowledge to improve the human condition.", "James Paine's The History of Force inspired The Better Angels of Our Nature, focusing on the historical decline of violence. James Paine's The History of Force, on the historical decline of violence, was an inspiration for The Better Angels of Our Nature.", 'Influential books include 1, 2, 3, Infinity by George Gamow and Reflections on Language by Noam Chomsky, with engaging and impactful content. Influential books include 1, 2, 3, Infinity by George Gamow and Reflections on Language by Noam Chomsky, with engaging and impactful content.', "Stephen Jay Gould's first collection, Ever Since Darwin, and Richard Dawkins' The Blind Watchmaker and The Selfish Gene were influential due to their content and writing style. Stephen Jay Gould's first collection, Ever Since Darwin, and Richard Dawkins' The Blind Watchmaker and The Selfish Gene were influential due to their content and writing style.", "George Miller's books on language and communication, along with the Time-Life Science series, were intellectually stimulating and influential. George Miller's books on language and communication, along with the Time-Life Science series, were intellectually stimulating and influential."]}], 'duration': 400.226, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/epQxfSp-rdU/pics/epQxfSp-rdU1852859.jpg', 'highlights': ['The culture of engineering is safety-oriented, leading to significant declines in rates of accidental deaths due to advances in engineering.', 'Emphasizing the positive view of human nature and the importance of engineers speaking up for this perspective in AI discussions.', 'Exploring the psychology of negativity and the bias towards negativity in predictions, with a tendency for negativity to make one sound smarter.', "Enlightenment Now is influenced by David Deutsch's The Beginning of Infinity, emphasizing the power of knowledge to improve the human condition.", "James Paine's The History of Force inspired The Better Angels of Our Nature, focusing on the historical decline of violence.", 'Influential books include 1, 2, 3, Infinity by George Gamow and Reflections on Language by Noam Chomsky, with engaging and impactful content.', "Stephen Jay Gould's first collection, Ever Since Darwin, and Richard Dawkins' The Blind Watchmaker and The Selfish Gene were influential due to their content and writing style.", "George Miller's books on language and communication, along with the Time-Life Science series, were intellectually stimulating and influential."]}], 'highlights': ['The pursuit of understanding what makes the universe tick is a fundamental aspect of human nature, involving using our intellect and knowledge for the well-being of all.', 'The importance of rationality and reason in pursuit of human well-being, health, happiness, social and cultural richness is a fundamental nature of human beings and a main challenge in the present.', 'The meaning of life is not solely about knowledge, but also about fulfillment more generally, including life, health, stimulation, access to the living, cultural, and social world.', 'The unique capability of homo sapiens to acquire knowledge and use it to survive, occupy every niche on the planet, and drive other animals to extinction, making rationality and reason a fundamental aspect of human nature and a main challenge in the present.', 'The chapter delves into various perspectives on the meaning of life, including attaining knowledge, power, escaping death, propagating genes, nihilism, and the notion that knowing the meaning of life is beyond our cognitive capabilities.', 'The chapter challenges the idea of knowing the meaning of life, as Steven Pinker suggested, emphasizing the limitations of our cognitive capabilities in understanding such profound concepts.', 'The discussion highlights the need to calibrate the allocation of fear, worry, concern, and planning to the actual probability of harm, urging a shift from an overemphasis on highly imaginable but low-probability risks to a more balanced approach in addressing plausible and high-impact threats.', 'The chapter emphasizes the need for responsible engineering and safety culture, underlining the unlikelihood of engineers implementing untested, all-powerful systems.', 'The rational approach to AI safety, emphasizing the necessity of understanding human intelligence without directly replicating it.', 'The limitations of current deep learning systems in understanding high-order semantic reasoning and causal relationships.', 'The promise of autonomous vehicles for improving human welfare is considered spectacular, indicating the potential impact of autonomous vehicles on human well-being.', "AI's potential to save lives on highways, with 40,000 annual deaths in the US, presents a significant humanitarian benefit compared to deaths by terrorism.", 'The overlooked humanitarian benefits of AI include the potential to eliminate soul-deadening, dangerous jobs and redistribute income to those affected.', 'The culture of engineering is safety-oriented, leading to significant declines in rates of accidental deaths due to advances in engineering.', "Elon Musk's concerns about general AI despite his work on narrow AI."]}