title
Python for Beginners – Full Course [Programming Tutorial]

description
Learn the Python programming language in this full course for beginners! You will learn the fundamentals of Python and code two Python programs line-by-line. No previous programming experience is necessary before watching this course. 🔗 Start using Replit: https://join.replit.com/python-students ✏️ Beau Carnes developed this course. Check out one of his other channels: https://youtube.com/beau 💻 Rock, Paper, Scissors Code: https://replit.com/@BeauCarnes/rps-python 💻 Blackjack Code: https://replit.com/@BeauCarnes/blackjack-python 🏗 Replit provided a grant that made this course possible. 🔗 The Python Handbook by Flavio Copes: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/the-python-handbook/ ⭐️ Course Contents ⭐️ ⌨️ (0:00:00) Introduction Rock, Paper, Scissors Intro Project ⌨️ (0:03:11) RPS - Variables and Functions ⌨️ (0:09:07) RPS - Calling Functions ⌨️ (0:12:31) RPS - Dictionaries ⌨️ (0:15:28) RPS - User Input ⌨️ (0:16:55) RPS - Libraries, Lists, Methods ⌨️ (0:20:45) RPS - Function Arguments ⌨️ (0:22:33) RPS - If Statements ⌨️ (0:25:40) RPS - Concatenating Strings ⌨️ (0:27:13) RPS - f-strings ⌨️ (0:30:26) RPS - Else and Elif Statements ⌨️ (0:33:37) RPS - Refactoring and Nested If ⌨️ (0:38:37) RPS - Accessing Dictionary Values ⌨️ (0:41:55) RPS - Testing Game Fundamentals of Python ⌨️ (0:43:52) Setup Python Locally ⌨️ (0:47:47) Creating New Repl ⌨️ (0:48:45) Variables ⌨️ (0:51:21) Expressions and Statements ⌨️ (0:52:38) Comments ⌨️ (0:54:23) Data Types ⌨️ (1:00:16) Operators ⌨️ (1:00:44) Arithmetic Operators ⌨️ (1:03:52) Comparison Operators ⌨️ (1:05:13) Boolean Operators ⌨️ (1:07:26) Bitwise Operators ⌨️ (1:07:42) is & in Operators ⌨️ (1:08:21) Ternary Operator ⌨️ (1:09:40) Strings ⌨️ (1:12:36) String Methods ⌨️ (1:16:41) Escaping Characters ⌨️ (1:19:23) String Characters & Slicing ⌨️ (1:21:45) Booleans ⌨️ (1:26:07) Number Data Types ⌨️ (1:28:19) Built-in Functions ⌨️ (1:29:50) Enums ⌨️ (1:32:51) User Input ⌨️ (1:34:39) Control Statements ⌨️ (1:36:48) Lists ⌨️ (1:46:21) Sorting Lists ⌨️ (1:49:57) Tuples ⌨️ (1:53:49) Dictionaries ⌨️ (2:01:45) Sets ⌨️ (2:06:10) Functions ⌨️ (2:16:57) Variable Scope ⌨️ (2:18:35) Nested Functions ⌨️ (2:21:37) Closures ⌨️ (2:22:59) Objects ⌨️ (2:26:27) Loops ⌨️ (2:32:01) Break and Continue ⌨️ (2:33:02) Classes ⌨️ (2:39:12) Modules ⌨️ (2:45:55) Arguments from Command Line ⌨️ (2:52:42) Lambda Functions ⌨️ (2:54:51) Map, Filter, Reduce ⌨️ (3:02:41) Recursion ⌨️ (3:04:42) Decorators ⌨️ (3:06:45) Docstrings ⌨️ (3:09:54) Annotations ⌨️ (3:11:30) Exceptions ⌨️ (3:17:09) With ⌨️ (3:18:26) Installing Packages with pip ⌨️ (3:21:39) List Compression ⌨️ (3:23:09) Polymorphism ⌨️ (3:24:23) Operator Overloading Blackjack Card Game Project ⌨️ (3:26:58) Blackjack - Beginning ⌨️ (3:50:13) Blackjack - Deck Class ⌨️ (3:58:45) Blackjack - Card Class ⌨️ (4:03:25) Blackjack - Hand Class ⌨️ (4:21:13) Blackjack - Game Class ⌨️ (4:37:04) Blackjack - Testing ⌨️ (4:39:36) Conclusion -- Learn to code for free and get a developer job: https://www.freecodecamp.org Read hundreds of articles on programming: https://freecodecamp.org/news

detail
{'title': 'Python for Beginners – Full Course [Programming Tutorial]', 'heatmap': [{'end': 843.077, 'start': 504.015, 'weight': 0.868}, {'end': 2520.565, 'start': 2345.125, 'weight': 0.715}, {'end': 4204.262, 'start': 3860.12, 'weight': 0.774}, {'end': 8569.769, 'start': 8399.712, 'weight': 0.878}, {'end': 9577.598, 'start': 9406.716, 'weight': 1}, {'end': 16796.118, 'start': 16631.932, 'weight': 0.763}], 'summary': 'This python tutorial series includes chapters on basics, functions, programming fundamentals, operators, data structures, essentials, packages, card deck creation, game classes, hand class implementation, and a blackjack game, covering concepts, practical examples, and hands-on coding.', 'chapters': [{'end': 454.635, 'segs': [{'end': 79.911, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16.682, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 22.807, 'text': "You don't need any previous programming experience to follow along and all you need to code in Python is a web browser.", 'start': 16.682, 'duration': 6.125}, {'end': 30.033, 'text': 'In this course I will teach you all the core aspects of the Python programming language and I will simplify the more complex topics.', 'start': 23.087, 'duration': 6.946}, {'end': 36.138, 'text': "Python is considered one of the most popular programming languages in the world, and it's only growing in popularity.", 'start': 30.293, 'duration': 5.845}, {'end': 42.923, 'text': 'Python excels in a wide variety of scenarios, such as shell scripting, task automation, and web development.', 'start': 36.318, 'duration': 6.605}, {'end': 47.446, 'text': "And it's also the language of choice for data analysis and machine learning.", 'start': 43.143, 'duration': 4.303}, {'end': 51.73, 'text': 'But it can also adapt to create games and work with embedded devices.', 'start': 47.807, 'duration': 3.923}, {'end': 57.515, 'text': "We're gonna jump right into it, so you can start coding your first Python program as soon as possible.", 'start': 52.19, 'duration': 5.325}, {'end': 66.743, 'text': "To get started quickly, we'll use Replit, which is an online IDE that allows users to code and run programs in a variety of different languages,", 'start': 57.935, 'duration': 8.808}, {'end': 67.824, 'text': 'all in a web browser.', 'start': 66.743, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 72.328, 'text': "And later, I'll show you how to get Python set up on your local operating system.", 'start': 68.384, 'duration': 3.944}, {'end': 77.47, 'text': "After the first project, I'll go into more detail about each of the main features of Python.", 'start': 72.908, 'duration': 4.562}, {'end': 79.911, 'text': 'This section is comprehensive and detailed.', 'start': 77.95, 'duration': 1.961}], 'summary': 'Learn python with no programming background needed. python popular for various tasks, including data analysis, machine learning, and web development. accessible through web browser and adaptable for games and embedded devices. utilize online ide for quick start and later set up on local os.', 'duration': 63.229, 'max_score': 16.682, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc16682.jpg'}, {'end': 129.149, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 100.58, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 102.98, 'text': "And we'll start by going to replit.com.", 'start': 100.58, 'duration': 2.4}, {'end': 105.842, 'text': 'Replit provided a grant that made this course possible.', 'start': 103.561, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 110.103, 'text': 'And replica is going to make it super easy to get up and running really quickly.', 'start': 106.302, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 114.505, 'text': 'So you can either sign up or log in and create an account.', 'start': 110.543, 'duration': 3.962}, {'end': 116.126, 'text': "I'm just going to use my Google account.", 'start': 114.545, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 125.568, 'text': "Okay, now that you're logged into Replit, you can either just click the Create button or this plus button over here to create a new Replit.", 'start': 117.046, 'duration': 8.522}, {'end': 129.149, 'text': "And I'll make sure to create a Python Replit.", 'start': 126.149, 'duration': 3}], 'summary': 'Replit.com enabled quick course setup with a grant, emphasizing ease of use and python integration.', 'duration': 28.569, 'max_score': 100.58, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc100580.jpg'}], 'start': 0.069, 'title': 'Python basics and replit setup', 'summary': 'Covers python basics such as popularity, applications, and features. it also discusses setting up python environment on replit, creating variables, defining functions, and emphasizes interactive learning.', 'chapters': [{'end': 99.999, 'start': 0.069, 'title': 'Python basics for beginners', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of python programming, including its popularity, applications in various scenarios, and the use of replit as an online ide. it also includes a comprehensive section on the main features of python and culminates in coding a blackjack game.', 'duration': 99.93, 'highlights': ["Python is considered one of the most popular programming languages in the world, and it's only growing in popularity.", "Python excels in a wide variety of scenarios, such as shell scripting, task automation, and web development. And it's also the language of choice for data analysis and machine learning.", 'The chapter covers the basics of Python programming, including its popularity, applications in various scenarios, and the use of Replit as an online IDE.', 'It also includes a comprehensive section on the main features of Python and culminates in coding a blackjack game.', "To get started quickly, we'll use Replit, which is an online IDE that allows users to code and run programs in a variety of different languages, all in a web browser."]}, {'end': 454.635, 'start': 100.58, 'title': 'Setting up python environment on replit', 'summary': 'Discusses setting up python environment using replit, creating variables, and defining functions, emphasizing the importance of indentation in python and encouraging interactive learning.', 'duration': 354.055, 'highlights': ['Replit provided a grant that made this course possible and makes it super easy to get up and running quickly.', 'Creating a Python Replit and writing code to see the output, with the capability to create different files and connect to version control, debugger, and database.', "Setting a variable 'player' to 'rock', highlighting the convention for naming variables and assigning values to them in Python.", 'Encouraging interactive learning by pausing the video to implement the instructions before watching the demonstration.', "Defining a function 'get choices' and emphasizing the importance of indentation in Python for code organization."]}], 'duration': 454.566, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc69.jpg', 'highlights': ['Python excels in various scenarios: shell scripting, task automation, web development, data analysis, and machine learning.', 'Replit is an online IDE that allows coding and running programs in a web browser, facilitating quick start.', 'Python is considered one of the most popular programming languages globally, with growing popularity.', 'The chapter covers Python basics, including popularity, applications, Replit usage, and main features.', 'Replit provided a grant that made the course possible and facilitates quick setup.']}, {'end': 2033.651, 'segs': [{'end': 843.077, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 504.015, 'weight': 0.868, 'content': [{'end': 508.599, 'text': "So different, sometimes I'll just put an extra line between different sections of code.", 'start': 504.015, 'duration': 4.584}, {'end': 513.323, 'text': "And it just makes it easier to identify the different sections when you're looking at the code.", 'start': 508.92, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 517.047, 'text': "For the computer, those extra lines don't mean anything.", 'start': 513.943, 'duration': 3.104}, {'end': 520.65, 'text': 'The indentation, though, definitely does mean something.', 'start': 517.527, 'duration': 3.123}, {'end': 529.156, 'text': "So as long as every line of code is indented the same amount as the previous line of code, then it's all within the same function.", 'start': 521.551, 'duration': 7.605}, {'end': 531.298, 'text': 'Okay, so this is what I want you to do.', 'start': 529.857, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 534.22, 'text': 'See if you can change the return statement.', 'start': 531.778, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 539.164, 'text': "So instead of returning player choice, it's returning the computer choice.", 'start': 534.26, 'duration': 4.904}, {'end': 543.867, 'text': "So that's pretty simple.", 'start': 542.886, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 546.649, 'text': "It's now returning the computer choice here.", 'start': 544.547, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 549.533, 'text': "Now I'm going to create another function down here.", 'start': 547.833, 'duration': 1.7}, {'end': 553.794, 'text': 'This is just going to be an example function just so I can demonstrate something to you.', 'start': 550.033, 'duration': 3.761}, {'end': 557.395, 'text': "And then we'll delete it, it's not going to be part of our rock, paper scissors game.", 'start': 554.254, 'duration': 3.141}, {'end': 560.055, 'text': "But I'm going to create a new function called greeting.", 'start': 557.795, 'duration': 2.26}, {'end': 564.016, 'text': "And then I am going to add what it's going to do.", 'start': 561.155, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 566.896, 'text': 'Oh, yeah, put the semi colon, you also are not a colon.', 'start': 564.176, 'duration': 2.72}, {'end': 570.697, 'text': 'So a function always has to have a colon at the end of how we define it.', 'start': 567.216, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 574.838, 'text': "So I'm going to return a string and it's going to say hi.", 'start': 571.157, 'duration': 3.681}, {'end': 582.644, 'text': "And one thing you'll notice is that there's no, you don't have to put any anything at the end of each line.", 'start': 576.498, 'duration': 6.146}, {'end': 585.206, 'text': 'some programming languages such as JavaScript.', 'start': 582.644, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 587.688, 'text': "you're gonna put a semicolon at the line at the end of the line.", 'start': 585.206, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 591.932, 'text': "But in Python, it doesn't matter, you don't put anything at the end of each line.", 'start': 588.489, 'duration': 3.443}, {'end': 598.658, 'text': "So now I'm going to call the function to call the function, I just typed the name, and I put the parentheses at the end.", 'start': 592.492, 'duration': 6.166}, {'end': 606.081, 'text': "So it's going to say so greeting is now going to call it's going to call this function and that's going to return the string high.", 'start': 598.718, 'duration': 7.363}, {'end': 612.924, 'text': "Now it's not going to do anything with the string because our program doesn't do anything with the string that's been returned.", 'start': 606.701, 'duration': 6.223}, {'end': 615.465, 'text': "It's not going to go into the console or anything.", 'start': 612.944, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 618.006, 'text': "But let's add additional code.", 'start': 616.045, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 623.189, 'text': 'So we will make this string high go on to the console.', 'start': 618.346, 'duration': 4.843}, {'end': 629.553, 'text': 'First, let me create a variable that takes what this greeting function returns.', 'start': 623.87, 'duration': 5.683}, {'end': 633.655, 'text': "So I'm going to type in response equals greeting.", 'start': 629.973, 'duration': 3.682}, {'end': 638.758, 'text': "So now we've set the what greeting is being returned to this variable called response.", 'start': 633.935, 'duration': 4.823}, {'end': 644.697, 'text': 'And now I can use the print function and I can print the response.', 'start': 639.198, 'duration': 5.499}, {'end': 647.319, 'text': 'And this will print it to the console.', 'start': 645.257, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 652.244, 'text': "So now I can we have this green button here, this runs the program, I'll click this green button here.", 'start': 647.88, 'duration': 4.364}, {'end': 654.066, 'text': "And now we can see it's high.", 'start': 652.264, 'duration': 1.802}, {'end': 658.31, 'text': 'So this response is getting this high from here.', 'start': 654.747, 'duration': 3.563}, {'end': 660.132, 'text': "And then we're printing it right there.", 'start': 658.651, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 662.675, 'text': "Okay, I'm actually going to delete all of this.", 'start': 660.513, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 673.766, 'text': 'And what I want you to try to do now is to call the get choices function and store the response in a variable called choices,', 'start': 665.015, 'duration': 8.751}, {'end': 676.389, 'text': 'and then print the value of choices to the console.', 'start': 673.766, 'duration': 2.623}, {'end': 679.073, 'text': 'So you can pause and try that really quick.', 'start': 677.352, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 680.014, 'text': "And then I'm going to show you how.", 'start': 679.093, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 683.196, 'text': 'Okay, so remember, the variables called choices.', 'start': 680.834, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 690.84, 'text': "And we're going to set that equal to the get choices variable now, or the get choices function.", 'start': 684.336, 'duration': 6.504}, {'end': 700.146, 'text': 'Now, instead of typing out get choices, you can see that this code editor is actually giving us suggestions on what we want to put in here.', 'start': 691.12, 'duration': 9.026}, {'end': 701.607, 'text': 'So I just typed in get.', 'start': 700.466, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 704.309, 'text': "And you can see it's now saying get choices right here.", 'start': 701.967, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 709.911, 'text': 'So I can actually, instead of typing out the whole thing, I can either click there or I can just press the tab key.', 'start': 704.349, 'duration': 5.562}, {'end': 712.152, 'text': "it's going to fill in the rest of that function name.", 'start': 709.911, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 718.655, 'text': "So that's just something little that makes it easier to write a program, you don't have to type out every single thing.", 'start': 712.512, 'duration': 6.143}, {'end': 724.478, 'text': "So if you've already created a function or a variable, then the the code editor, then replica,", 'start': 718.715, 'duration': 5.763}, {'end': 728.361, 'text': "will will suggest what you may want to fill in when you're typing.", 'start': 724.478, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 731.324, 'text': 'And most other code editors do something similar.', 'start': 728.922, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 732.985, 'text': "It's called code completion.", 'start': 731.644, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 737.148, 'text': "So I'm going to be so I still have to add parentheses at the end.", 'start': 733.525, 'duration': 3.623}, {'end': 740.851, 'text': "And now I'm going to print the choices.", 'start': 737.749, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 748.258, 'text': "Okay, so I'm going to just click this play button to make sure it does what we're trying to do.", 'start': 742.993, 'duration': 5.265}, {'end': 749.859, 'text': 'Yep, it clicked paper.', 'start': 748.338, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 753.37, 'text': "Great Now let's talk about dictionaries.", 'start': 750.559, 'duration': 2.811}, {'end': 758.996, 'text': 'dictionaries in Python are used to store data values in key value pairs.', 'start': 754.111, 'duration': 4.885}, {'end': 761.278, 'text': 'So let me just show you an example.', 'start': 759.516, 'duration': 1.762}, {'end': 768.825, 'text': 'Okay, so a dictionary is going to have these curly braces at the beginning and end.', 'start': 765.242, 'duration': 3.583}, {'end': 773.53, 'text': "And then here's a key value pair, there's one is separated by a comma.", 'start': 769.386, 'duration': 4.144}, {'end': 775.191, 'text': "And then here's another key value pair.", 'start': 773.55, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 782.854, 'text': "So we're setting name setting that to equal bow, and we're saying the color to equal blue.", 'start': 775.632, 'duration': 7.222}, {'end': 784.375, 'text': "So here's the key.", 'start': 783.214, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 785.596, 'text': "Here's the value.", 'start': 784.915, 'duration': 0.681}, {'end': 786.597, 'text': "Here's the key.", 'start': 785.976, 'duration': 0.621}, {'end': 787.898, 'text': "Here's the value.", 'start': 787.197, 'duration': 0.701}, {'end': 795.604, 'text': 'And the key or the value in a dictionary can be a variable, like the color we could set that.', 'start': 788.698, 'duration': 6.906}, {'end': 797.365, 'text': 'we already created this variable here.', 'start': 795.604, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 799.007, 'text': "I'm just going to copy the word choices.", 'start': 797.365, 'duration': 1.642}, {'end': 807.034, 'text': "And we can put choices and you can see now it's not surrounded by the quotation marks, So if you surround by quotation marks, it's a string.", 'start': 799.607, 'duration': 7.427}, {'end': 812.341, 'text': "But if we don't surround it by quotation marks, it's getting the the variable here choices.", 'start': 807.354, 'duration': 4.987}, {'end': 818.248, 'text': "So this would be set to paper because that's what choice is going to is going to equal.", 'start': 812.621, 'duration': 5.627}, {'end': 821.151, 'text': "So we're about to delete this line because that was just an example.", 'start': 818.808, 'duration': 2.343}, {'end': 826.473, 'text': "But now, before the return statement, in this function, we're going to add a new line.", 'start': 821.832, 'duration': 4.641}, {'end': 831.374, 'text': "we're going to create a variable named choices and make it equal to a dictionary.", 'start': 826.473, 'duration': 4.901}, {'end': 836.795, 'text': 'The first key should be player with a value of the player choice.', 'start': 831.974, 'duration': 4.821}, {'end': 838.616, 'text': 'they actually this variable here.', 'start': 836.795, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 843.077, 'text': 'the second key should be computer with a value of computer choice.', 'start': 838.616, 'duration': 4.461}], 'summary': 'The transcript covers coding concepts such as indentation, functions, function calls, variables, dictionaries in python.', 'duration': 339.062, 'max_score': 504.015, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc504015.jpg'}, {'end': 782.854, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 750.559, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 753.37, 'text': "Great Now let's talk about dictionaries.", 'start': 750.559, 'duration': 2.811}, {'end': 758.996, 'text': 'dictionaries in Python are used to store data values in key value pairs.', 'start': 754.111, 'duration': 4.885}, {'end': 761.278, 'text': 'So let me just show you an example.', 'start': 759.516, 'duration': 1.762}, {'end': 768.825, 'text': 'Okay, so a dictionary is going to have these curly braces at the beginning and end.', 'start': 765.242, 'duration': 3.583}, {'end': 773.53, 'text': "And then here's a key value pair, there's one is separated by a comma.", 'start': 769.386, 'duration': 4.144}, {'end': 775.191, 'text': "And then here's another key value pair.", 'start': 773.55, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 782.854, 'text': "So we're setting name setting that to equal bow, and we're saying the color to equal blue.", 'start': 775.632, 'duration': 7.222}], 'summary': "Python dictionaries store data in key-value pairs, using curly braces. example: {name: 'bow', color: 'blue'}.", 'duration': 32.295, 'max_score': 750.559, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc750559.jpg'}, {'end': 1041.068, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1015.999, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1020.943, 'text': "So we're going to learn about importing libraries, creating lists and calling methods.", 'start': 1015.999, 'duration': 4.944}, {'end': 1023.887, 'text': 'Python libraries are a set of useful functions.', 'start': 1021.844, 'duration': 2.043}, {'end': 1025.888, 'text': "So you don't have to write code from scratch.", 'start': 1024.227, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 1031.576, 'text': 'When you import a library to your program, you get access to more features without writing additional code.', 'start': 1026.45, 'duration': 5.126}, {'end': 1036.781, 'text': "With basic Python, it's challenging to get your program to do something randomly.", 'start': 1032.196, 'duration': 4.585}, {'end': 1041.068, 'text': "But it's easy to choose something randomly using the random library.", 'start': 1037.363, 'duration': 3.705}], 'summary': 'Learning about python libraries, lists, and methods. importing libraries provides access to more features without additional code.', 'duration': 25.069, 'max_score': 1015.999, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc1015999.jpg'}, {'end': 1093.939, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1063.476, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1065.778, 'text': "So we're going to use that random library soon.", 'start': 1063.476, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 1067.839, 'text': "But now let's learn about lists.", 'start': 1066.118, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 1072.683, 'text': 'A list in Python is used to store multiple items in a single variable.', 'start': 1068.56, 'duration': 4.123}, {'end': 1076.246, 'text': 'lists are surrounded by brackets, and each item is separated by a comma.', 'start': 1073.264, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 1088.776, 'text': "So here's an example, I could create a food a variable called food and set it to this list, it's going to have three items pizza, carrots, and eggs.", 'start': 1076.486, 'duration': 12.29}, {'end': 1093.939, 'text': 'So this is a list of strings.', 'start': 1091.138, 'duration': 2.801}], 'summary': 'Python list is used to store multiple items in a single variable, e.g., food = [pizza, carrots, eggs].', 'duration': 30.463, 'max_score': 1063.476, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc1063476.jpg'}, {'end': 1263.723, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1236.993, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1243.758, 'text': "Okay, so now let's just delete all this code after the get choices function, we don't need to test that get choices function anymore.", 'start': 1236.993, 'duration': 6.765}, {'end': 1248.902, 'text': "And now, let's create a new function called check when.", 'start': 1244.339, 'duration': 4.563}, {'end': 1254.126, 'text': "So you shouldn't know enough how to you should know enough about how to create a function.", 'start': 1250.343, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 1260.199, 'text': 'So def, check when.', 'start': 1254.707, 'duration': 5.492}, {'end': 1263.723, 'text': 'So this is just an empty function with nothing inside it yet.', 'start': 1260.799, 'duration': 2.924}], 'summary': "Code: delete unnecessary code, create new function 'check when'.", 'duration': 26.73, 'max_score': 1236.993, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc1236993.jpg'}], 'start': 455.016, 'title': 'Python function creation and utilization', 'summary': 'Covers creating and calling functions in python, demonstrating the process of creating functions, assigning variables, including return statements, calling functions, returning values, using code completion, storing responses in variables, printing to the console, introducing python dictionaries and libraries, creating and using dictionaries, importing and utilizing the random library, creating new functions with arguments, and using if, else, and elif statements to improve code structure and functionality.', 'chapters': [{'end': 520.65, 'start': 455.016, 'title': 'Creating and calling functions in python', 'summary': "Explains the process of creating a function called get choices in python, which assigns variables and includes a return statement to indicate what's returned when the function is called, later demonstrating how to call the function and utilize the returned value in the code.", 'duration': 65.634, 'highlights': ["The function get choices assigns variables and includes a return statement to indicate what's returned when the function is called.", "Calling the function get choices will return the player choice, such as 'rock', which can be used elsewhere in the code.", 'Adding extra lines between different sections of code helps in organizing and identifying the code, despite not meaning anything to the computer.']}, {'end': 749.859, 'start': 521.551, 'title': 'Python functions and variables', 'summary': 'Covers python functions, demonstrating how to return values and use code completion, with an example of calling a function and storing the response in a variable, and printing it to the console.', 'duration': 228.308, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers Python functions, demonstrating how to return values and use code completion.', 'An example of calling a function and storing the response in a variable, and printing it to the console.', 'Explaining the use of code completion in the code editor for easier programming.']}, {'end': 1235.252, 'start': 750.559, 'title': 'Python dictionaries and libraries', 'summary': 'Introduces python dictionaries and libraries, demonstrating how to create and use dictionaries as well as import and utilize the random library to make random choices from lists.', 'duration': 484.693, 'highlights': ['Python dictionaries are used to store data values in key-value pairs, demonstrated through an example with key-value pairs for name and color.', 'Demonstrates the use of variables as values in a dictionary, showcasing how the value in a dictionary can be a variable, such as the color being set to a pre-defined variable.', 'Explains the process of creating a dictionary within a function and updating the return statement to return the choices dictionary.', "Demonstrates the usage of the input function to get the player's choice and explains how to prompt the user for input and store it in a variable for later use in the program.", 'Introduces the concept of importing libraries in Python, specifically the random library, and explains its usage to make random choices from lists.', 'Explains the usage of lists in Python to store multiple items and demonstrates how to get a random item from the list using the random library.', 'Demonstrates the creation of a list of possible options and the use of the random library to choose a random item from the list.']}, {'end': 2033.651, 'start': 1236.993, 'title': 'Creating python functions and using if statements', 'summary': "Covers creating a new function 'check when' with arguments, and introduces if, else, and elif statements to check conditions and refactor code, aiming to improve code structure and functionality.", 'duration': 796.658, 'highlights': ["The chapter covers creating a new function 'check when' with arguments, and introduces if, else, and elif statements to check conditions and refactor code, aiming to improve code structure and functionality.", "The function 'check when' is created with two arguments 'player' and 'computer', and uses if statements to check conditions and return different results based on the values of 'player' and 'computer'.", 'Refactoring is discussed as the process of restructuring code to make it simpler or more understandable while keeping the original functionality.']}], 'duration': 1578.635, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc455016.jpg', 'highlights': ['Introduces the concept of importing libraries in Python, specifically the random library, and explains its usage to make random choices from lists.', "The chapter covers creating a new function 'check when' with arguments, and introduces if, else, and elif statements to check conditions and refactor code, aiming to improve code structure and functionality.", 'Demonstrates the usage of lists in Python to store multiple items and demonstrates how to get a random item from the list using the random library.', 'Python dictionaries are used to store data values in key-value pairs, demonstrated through an example with key-value pairs for name and color.']}, {'end': 4071.143, 'segs': [{'end': 2199.691, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2171.42, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2175.183, 'text': 'So now we just basically have to add two more sections similar to this.', 'start': 2171.42, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 2179.385, 'text': 'So this one is if player equals rock, then we have to have another section.', 'start': 2175.243, 'duration': 4.142}, {'end': 2189.192, 'text': 'if player equals paper and then if player equals scissors and then we just have to have the stuff inside is going to be pretty similar,', 'start': 2179.385, 'duration': 9.807}, {'end': 2193.395, 'text': 'just corresponding to the different relationships between rock paper scissors.', 'start': 2189.192, 'duration': 4.203}, {'end': 2196.83, 'text': "So I'm just going to copy that.", 'start': 2195.35, 'duration': 1.48}, {'end': 2199.691, 'text': 'And then I will paste it here.', 'start': 2197.771, 'duration': 1.92}], 'summary': 'Adding two more sections for player choices rock, paper, and scissors.', 'duration': 28.271, 'max_score': 2171.42, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc2171420.jpg'}, {'end': 2520.565, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2345.125, 'weight': 0.715, 'content': [{'end': 2355.498, 'text': "So So let's one thing we haven't talked about is how to how to access a specific element within a dictionary.", 'start': 2345.125, 'duration': 10.373}, {'end': 2357.02, 'text': 'So this is a dictionary.', 'start': 2355.878, 'duration': 1.142}, {'end': 2365.907, 'text': "So let's say if I call this we'll just call it choices, even because we're gonna we're gonna delete that.", 'start': 2357.08, 'duration': 8.827}, {'end': 2367.749, 'text': "And so we're only gonna have this choices.", 'start': 2366.007, 'duration': 1.742}, {'end': 2369.231, 'text': 'But choices equals this.', 'start': 2367.989, 'duration': 1.242}, {'end': 2375.298, 'text': "And let's say I just want to get that the choice of the player, let me show you how I would do that.", 'start': 2369.491, 'duration': 5.807}, {'end': 2380.321, 'text': "I'll just do p choice for player choice.", 'start': 2376.519, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 2382.642, 'text': "And I'm going to put equal choices.", 'start': 2380.801, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 2387.144, 'text': "And to get just the value of the player, I'm going to put brackets.", 'start': 2383.242, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 2388.905, 'text': 'So the brackets look like that.', 'start': 2387.204, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 2394.187, 'text': 'And then I have to put the the key that I want the value of.', 'start': 2389.385, 'duration': 4.802}, {'end': 2396.128, 'text': 'So the key would be player.', 'start': 2394.527, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 2402.451, 'text': 'So, if I put the name of the dictionary, which is this, then I put some brackets.', 'start': 2396.748, 'duration': 5.703}, {'end': 2406.314, 'text': "we're going to use brackets to identify what is the key that we want the value of.", 'start': 2402.451, 'duration': 3.863}, {'end': 2408.776, 'text': "So here's the key of the with the value of rock.", 'start': 2406.354, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 2411.338, 'text': "And here's a key with a value of paper.", 'start': 2409.076, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 2414.2, 'text': 'So this is how we can get the player choice.', 'start': 2411.838, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 2417.002, 'text': "And I'm sure you can see how you get the computer.", 'start': 2414.76, 'duration': 2.242}, {'end': 2423.887, 'text': 'choice is if, instead of if, we take this computer word and put it right here computer.', 'start': 2417.002, 'duration': 6.885}, {'end': 2428.401, 'text': "Okay, I'm just going to get rid of all this here.", 'start': 2425.859, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 2431.143, 'text': "And we're gonna we have the get choices here.", 'start': 2428.421, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 2436.126, 'text': "And now listen carefully to what we're going to do next.", 'start': 2432.844, 'duration': 3.282}, {'end': 2444.112, 'text': 'we are going to create a variable called result and make it equal to the result of calling the check win function.', 'start': 2436.126, 'duration': 7.986}, {'end': 2454.459, 'text': "And when we call the check win function, we're going to pass in the value of the player key and the computer key of the choices dictionary.", 'start': 2444.132, 'duration': 10.327}, {'end': 2457.219, 'text': "So let's do that.", 'start': 2456.499, 'duration': 0.72}, {'end': 2458.64, 'text': "So then you'll see what I mean.", 'start': 2457.259, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 2469.683, 'text': "Result is going to be we're going to call, check when and then we are going to pass in.", 'start': 2459.22, 'duration': 10.463}, {'end': 2484.232, 'text': "we're going to pass in with choices player and choices computer.", 'start': 2469.683, 'duration': 14.549}, {'end': 2488.514, 'text': 'So, because it ran, we had I showed the example, that dictionary.', 'start': 2485.733, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 2493.095, 'text': "so we're getting the player key, the value of the player key and the value of the computer key.", 'start': 2488.514, 'duration': 4.581}, {'end': 2497.437, 'text': "So now we know who wins, we've now.", 'start': 2494.356, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 2506.04, 'text': "this result variable is going to be one of these strings have been returned either it's a tie, rocks, maces, scissors, paper covered rocks and so on.", 'start': 2497.437, 'duration': 8.603}, {'end': 2509.481, 'text': 'So now we just have to print the result.', 'start': 2506.62, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 2514.158, 'text': "And we're going to print the result.", 'start': 2509.501, 'duration': 4.657}, {'end': 2518.002, 'text': 'Okay, we can try out this game.', 'start': 2516.04, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 2520.565, 'text': "I'm going to click the Run button.", 'start': 2518.863, 'duration': 1.702}], 'summary': 'Explains how to access elements in a dictionary and use them for game outcomes.', 'duration': 175.44, 'max_score': 2345.125, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc2345125.jpg'}, {'end': 2586.052, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2553.433, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2555.174, 'text': "So again, I'm just going to change that really quick.", 'start': 2553.433, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 2556.774, 'text': 'So enter a choice.', 'start': 2555.574, 'duration': 1.2}, {'end': 2558.954, 'text': "And we're going to put it in parentheses here.", 'start': 2556.934, 'duration': 2.02}, {'end': 2563.023, 'text': 'And test again.', 'start': 2559.875, 'duration': 3.148}, {'end': 2563.623, 'text': 'So rock.', 'start': 2563.063, 'duration': 0.56}, {'end': 2566.404, 'text': 'Okay, you chose rock computer chose rock.', 'start': 2564.424, 'duration': 1.98}, {'end': 2567.544, 'text': "It's a tie.", 'start': 2567.044, 'duration': 0.5}, {'end': 2569.145, 'text': "Okay, I'm gonna play it again.", 'start': 2568.165, 'duration': 0.98}, {'end': 2576.247, 'text': 'Paper You chose paper computer chose scissors, scissors cuts paper, you lose.', 'start': 2569.945, 'duration': 6.302}, {'end': 2580.128, 'text': 'Okay, we just created a Python game.', 'start': 2576.887, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 2586.052, 'text': "So hopefully, this gives you a better understanding of what it's like to program in Python.", 'start': 2580.848, 'duration': 5.204}], 'summary': 'Created a python game; demonstrated programming in python.', 'duration': 32.619, 'max_score': 2553.433, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc2553433.jpg'}, {'end': 2663.815, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2629.682, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2631.443, 'text': "So let's get started with the next section.", 'start': 2629.682, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 2637.535, 'text': 'one of the quickest and easiest ways to get started with Python is by using replic.com.', 'start': 2632.631, 'duration': 4.904}, {'end': 2640.958, 'text': 'But you may also want to get Python running on your local computer.', 'start': 2637.996, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 2645.803, 'text': 'So if you want to do that, you can start by going out over to python.org.', 'start': 2641.499, 'duration': 4.304}, {'end': 2648.265, 'text': 'And these go to the downloads menu.', 'start': 2646.243, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 2657.032, 'text': "And then you're going to just click what you want to download for it for so it's going to default to be for you the operating system you're on.", 'start': 2648.745, 'duration': 8.287}, {'end': 2663.815, 'text': 'But you can also go to other platforms and make sure you can then just find the platform that you want to download on.', 'start': 2657.412, 'duration': 6.403}], 'summary': 'Get started with python using replic.com or download from python.org', 'duration': 34.133, 'max_score': 2629.682, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc2629682.jpg'}, {'end': 3286.218, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3259.179, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3262.442, 'text': "And we'll be talking more about those different blocks later.", 'start': 3259.179, 'duration': 3.263}, {'end': 3265.623, 'text': "let's talk about data types.", 'start': 3264.162, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 3268.686, 'text': 'Python has several built in types.', 'start': 3266.144, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 3272.068, 'text': 'So for instance, this is a string.', 'start': 3269.346, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 3277.933, 'text': "So anything surrounded by quotation marks, is a string, that's one data type.", 'start': 3272.469, 'duration': 5.464}, {'end': 3282.576, 'text': 'And you can check the type of a variable by using the type function.', 'start': 3278.273, 'duration': 4.303}, {'end': 3286.218, 'text': "So I could say type and then I'll put name.", 'start': 3282.957, 'duration': 3.261}], 'summary': 'Python has several built-in data types, such as strings, which are surrounded by quotation marks.', 'duration': 27.039, 'max_score': 3259.179, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc3259179.jpg'}, {'end': 3623.561, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3595.082, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3598.124, 'text': 'So here are some other common types of types.', 'start': 3595.082, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 3604.069, 'text': "So there's the type of complex or complex numbers bool for Boolean, list for lists, tuple for tuples,", 'start': 3598.505, 'duration': 5.564}, {'end': 3608.813, 'text': 'range for ranges dict is our dictionaries and set as a type for sets.', 'start': 3604.069, 'duration': 4.744}, {'end': 3616.098, 'text': "And we'll explore all these soon what we'll go into more detail about about all these different types of types.", 'start': 3609.673, 'duration': 6.425}, {'end': 3619.36, 'text': "Well, now let's talk about operators.", 'start': 3617.099, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 3623.561, 'text': "We've already seen one operator, that's this one, that's the assignment operator.", 'start': 3619.7, 'duration': 3.861}], 'summary': 'Introduction to different data types and operators in python.', 'duration': 28.479, 'max_score': 3595.082, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc3595082.jpg'}], 'start': 2034.432, 'title': 'Python programming fundamentals', 'summary': 'Covers fundamental python programming concepts including nested if statements, game development, setup and basic commands, data types, and operators, aiming to enhance understanding and efficiency in python programming.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2292.786, 'start': 2034.432, 'title': 'Nested if statement for rock paper scissors', 'summary': "Demonstrates how to refactor code to use a nested if statement instead of an 'and' operator, resulting in a more understandable and efficient program for a rock paper scissors game.", 'duration': 258.354, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the benefits of using a nested if statement to make the code more understandable at a quick glance, improving the efficiency of the program.', "It discusses the process of refactoring the code to replace the 'and' operator with one if statement and one else if statement, leading to a more concise and clear code structure.", 'The chapter outlines the step-by-step process of implementing nested if statements for different player choices (rock, paper, scissors) and corresponding computer choices, ensuring a well-structured and efficient program for the game.', "It emphasizes the importance of correctly aligning the nested if statements and provides clear explanations for the game outcomes based on the player and computer choices, enhancing the understanding of the program's logic and functionality."]}, {'end': 2628.941, 'start': 2292.786, 'title': 'Python game: rock, paper, scissors', 'summary': 'Demonstrates creating a python game of rock, paper, scissors, explaining the use of dictionaries, accessing specific elements, calling functions, and testing the game, aiming to provide a better understanding of programming in python.', 'duration': 336.155, 'highlights': ["The chapter explains how to create a Python game of Rock, Paper, Scissors, demonstrating the use of dictionaries to store choices and accessing specific elements within the dictionary, such as the player's choice and the computer's choice.", 'The chapter covers calling functions to check the result of the game and print the outcome, highlighting the use of the check win function to determine the winner based on the player and computer choices.', "The chapter emphasizes the importance of testing the game, showcasing the process of running the program, making changes, and retesting to ensure the game's functionality and user experience.", 'The chapter concludes by highlighting the educational value of the Python game, emphasizing the foundational understanding of Python programming concepts and announcing the upcoming coverage of more advanced Python features in the course.']}, {'end': 3258.558, 'start': 2629.682, 'title': 'Python setup and basic commands', 'summary': 'Covers setting up python using replic.com and locally, running python programs with an interactive prompt and visual studio code, detailed review of python core features, including variables, expressions, statements, and comments, emphasizing the significance of indentation in python.', 'duration': 628.876, 'highlights': ['Setting up Python using replic.com and locally', 'Running Python programs with an interactive prompt and Visual Studio code', 'Detailed review of Python core features', 'Emphasizing the significance of indentation in Python']}, {'end': 3594.782, 'start': 3259.179, 'title': 'Python data types and conversions', 'summary': 'Covers python built-in data types including strings, integers, and floats, along with methods to check type, test instances, and perform type conversions, demonstrating automatic type detection and potential conversion errors.', 'duration': 335.603, 'highlights': ['Python has several built-in data types including strings, integers, and floats, and provides methods to check the type, test instances, and perform type conversions.', 'Python automatically detects the data type from the value type, and it is possible to create a variable of a specific type using the class constructor.', "Type conversions, known as casting, can be performed to convert from one data type to another, but it may not always work depending on the value that's passed."]}, {'end': 4071.143, 'start': 3595.082, 'title': 'Python data types & operators', 'summary': "Covers different types of data types such as complex numbers, bool, list, tuple, range, dict, and set and explores various operators including arithmetic, comparison, logical, and bitwise operators, with examples and tricks for remembering comparison operators and boolean data type, and explanations of boolean operators 'not', 'and' and 'or' and bitwise operators 'is' and 'n'.", 'duration': 476.061, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers different types of data types such as complex numbers, bool, list, tuple, range, dict, and set, and explores various operators including arithmetic, comparison, logical, and bitwise operators, with examples and tricks for remembering comparison operators and Boolean data type.', "Explains comparison operators 'equal', 'not equal', 'greater than', 'less than', and 'less than or equal to', and provides a trick for remembering the symbols for 'less than' and 'greater than'.", "Provides examples and explanations of the Boolean data type, and discusses Boolean operators 'not', 'and' and 'or' which work like logical operators.", "Discusses bitwise operators and provides insights on operators 'is' and 'n', stating that 'is' is called the identity operator."]}], 'duration': 2036.711, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc2034432.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter outlines the step-by-step process of implementing nested if statements for different player choices (rock, paper, scissors) and corresponding computer choices, ensuring a well-structured and efficient program for the game.', "The chapter explains how to create a Python game of Rock, Paper, Scissors, demonstrating the use of dictionaries to store choices and accessing specific elements within the dictionary, such as the player's choice and the computer's choice.", 'Python has several built-in data types including strings, integers, and floats, and provides methods to check the type, test instances, and perform type conversions.', 'The chapter covers different types of data types such as complex numbers, bool, list, tuple, range, dict, and set, and explores various operators including arithmetic, comparison, logical, and bitwise operators, with examples and tricks for remembering comparison operators and Boolean data type.', 'Setting up Python using replic.com and locally']}, {'end': 5142.698, 'segs': [{'end': 4117.308, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4072.304, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4079.228, 'text': "It's used to compare two objects and returns true if both are the same objects, if both are the same object.", 'start': 4072.304, 'duration': 6.924}, {'end': 4084.132, 'text': "And I'll be talking more about that later in the section on objects.", 'start': 4079.749, 'duration': 4.383}, {'end': 4088.074, 'text': 'And then n is called the membership operator.', 'start': 4084.792, 'duration': 3.282}, {'end': 4093.318, 'text': 'This is used to tell if a value is contained in a list or another sequence.', 'start': 4088.515, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 4100.866, 'text': "And we'll be talking more about the in operator when we're discussing lists and other sequences later in this course.", 'start': 4093.918, 'duration': 6.948}, {'end': 4105.872, 'text': 'And the final thing I want to talk to you about is the ternary operator.', 'start': 4101.787, 'duration': 4.085}, {'end': 4111.117, 'text': 'Now the ternary operator in Python allows you to quickly define a conditional.', 'start': 4106.452, 'duration': 4.665}, {'end': 4117.308, 'text': 'So here will be like kind of the slow way to do it without a ternary operator.', 'start': 4112.205, 'duration': 5.103}], 'summary': 'The transcript covers comparisons, membership operator, and ternary operator in python.', 'duration': 45.004, 'max_score': 4072.304, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc4072304.jpg'}, {'end': 4245.152, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4216.447, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 4221.489, 'text': 'and then you can concatenate with the plus operator is my name.', 'start': 4216.447, 'duration': 5.042}, {'end': 4233.308, 'text': 'And then well, also, instead of putting a string here, you can put the variable, so I could put name is my name,', 'start': 4225.285, 'duration': 8.023}, {'end': 4236.049, 'text': 'and we already have the variable here to equal bow.', 'start': 4233.308, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 4245.152, 'text': 'So when you concatenate, you can concatenate the strings or the variables, you can also append to a string using the plus equal operator.', 'start': 4236.409, 'duration': 8.743}], 'summary': 'Learn about concatenating strings and variables in python, and appending to a string using the plus equal operator.', 'duration': 28.705, 'max_score': 4216.447, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc4216447.jpg'}, {'end': 4309.231, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4282.936, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4287.242, 'text': 'Like if we had age equals, we could make this a string.', 'start': 4282.936, 'duration': 4.306}, {'end': 4292.729, 'text': "But we pass this integer, it converts to a string, and now it's going to be a string.", 'start': 4287.262, 'duration': 5.467}, {'end': 4300.422, 'text': "Now here's something new a string can be a multi what can be multi line when defined with a special syntax.", 'start': 4293.996, 'duration': 6.426}, {'end': 4309.231, 'text': "So if you enclose it, if you enclose the string in a set of three quotes, so let me show you an example, we'll get rid of all this.", 'start': 4300.883, 'duration': 8.348}], 'summary': 'Integers can be converted to strings in python. strings can be multi-line when defined with special syntax.', 'duration': 26.295, 'max_score': 4282.936, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc4282936.jpg'}, {'end': 4455.815, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4424.19, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4427.431, 'text': "So here's just a list of a few common ones.", 'start': 4424.19, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 4435.939, 'text': 'you can do is alpha, to check if it contains only characters.', 'start': 4431.756, 'duration': 4.183}, {'end': 4442.224, 'text': "is l num to check if a string contains characters or digits and it's not empty.", 'start': 4435.939, 'duration': 6.285}, {'end': 4447.108, 'text': 'is decimal lower to make it lowercase is lower upper is upper.', 'start': 4442.224, 'duration': 4.884}, {'end': 4448.389, 'text': 'title starts with.', 'start': 4447.108, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 4450.631, 'text': 'to check if it starts with a specific substring.', 'start': 4448.389, 'duration': 2.242}, {'end': 4451.912, 'text': 'to check the ends with.', 'start': 4450.631, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 4455.815, 'text': 'you can replace part of a string, split a string.', 'start': 4451.912, 'duration': 3.903}], 'summary': 'The transcript lists various string manipulation functions, such as checking for characters or digits, changing case, and replacing or splitting strings.', 'duration': 31.625, 'max_score': 4424.19, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc4424190.jpg'}, {'end': 4579.34, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4551.205, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4553.986, 'text': "So I'm going to type in le n.", 'start': 4551.205, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 4558.207, 'text': "And then so there's just some global functions that work with a lot of different types of data.", 'start': 4553.986, 'duration': 4.221}, {'end': 4562.609, 'text': 'And the length of this is four, you can see.', 'start': 4558.948, 'duration': 3.661}, {'end': 4566.571, 'text': 'And then you can use the in operator.', 'start': 4563.869, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 4570.174, 'text': 'Now I briefly mentioned the in operator earlier.', 'start': 4566.791, 'duration': 3.383}, {'end': 4572.735, 'text': 'So let me show you one use case.', 'start': 4570.554, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 4579.34, 'text': 'So we can use the in operator to check if a string contains a substring.', 'start': 4573.176, 'duration': 6.164}], 'summary': "Global functions work with different data types; 'in' operator checks if string contains substring.", 'duration': 28.135, 'max_score': 4551.205, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc4551205.jpg'}, {'end': 4961.518, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4932.981, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 4939.365, 'text': "So if you don't put a capital T or capital F, it won't be considered the true Boolean value in Python.", 'start': 4932.981, 'duration': 6.384}, {'end': 4947.35, 'text': 'And Booleans can be especially useful with the conditional code with conditional control structures like if statements.', 'start': 4940.045, 'duration': 7.305}, {'end': 4954.454, 'text': "Well, we already discussed if statements in the first part of the course, and we'll be discussing them more in detail later.", 'start': 4948.47, 'duration': 5.984}, {'end': 4956.295, 'text': 'But let me just show you an example.', 'start': 4954.854, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 4961.518, 'text': "So if done, and I'm going to erase this done, because we want to be true.", 'start': 4956.655, 'duration': 4.863}], 'summary': 'In python, booleans are crucial for conditional code and if statements, requiring proper capitalization for true boolean value.', 'duration': 28.537, 'max_score': 4932.981, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc4932981.jpg'}], 'start': 4072.304, 'title': 'Python operators, ternary operator, string manipulation, and booleans', 'summary': 'Discusses python comparison, membership, and ternary operators, emphasizing the advantages of the ternary operator. it also covers string manipulation, including concatenation, conversion to multi-line strings, built-in methods, and common operations. furthermore, it delves into booleans, their usage, conditional statements, and evaluating values for true or false.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4184.943, 'start': 4072.304, 'title': 'Python operators and ternary operator', 'summary': 'Discusses the comparison, membership, and ternary operators in python, emphasizing the usage and advantages of the ternary operator, with a demonstration of its implementation in conditional statements and function definitions.', 'duration': 112.639, 'highlights': ['The ternary operator in Python allows you to quickly define a conditional, providing a more concise way to implement conditional statements and function definitions.', "The membership operator 'in' is used to determine if a value is contained in a list or another sequence, with further discussion anticipated on lists and sequences in the course.", 'The comparison operator is used to compare two objects and returns true if both are the same objects, setting the stage for further exploration in the upcoming section on objects.']}, {'end': 4481.737, 'start': 4185.223, 'title': 'Python string manipulation', 'summary': 'Covers python string manipulation, including concatenation, conversion to multi-line strings, and built-in methods like upper, lower, title, and checking for characters and digits, as well as other common string operations.', 'duration': 296.514, 'highlights': ['Strings can be concatenated using the plus operator, and variables can be concatenated with strings as well.', 'Python provides built-in methods for string manipulation, including upper, lower, title, isalpha, isalnum, startswith, endswith, replace, split, strip, append, and find.', 'Strings can be converted to multi-line using a special syntax with three quotes, and numbers can be converted to strings using the str class constructor.']}, {'end': 5142.698, 'start': 4481.777, 'title': 'String manipulation and boolean in python', 'summary': 'Covers string manipulation including lowercasing, finding length, using in operator, escaping characters, accessing specific characters, and slicing. additionally, it delves into booleans, their usage, conditional statements, and evaluating values for true or false.', 'duration': 660.921, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers string manipulation including lowercasing, finding length, using in operator, escaping characters, accessing specific characters, and slicing.', 'The chapter delves into Booleans, their usage, conditional statements, and evaluating values for true or false.']}], 'duration': 1070.394, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc4072304.jpg', 'highlights': ['The ternary operator in Python allows you to quickly define a conditional, providing a more concise way to implement conditional statements and function definitions.', 'Python provides built-in methods for string manipulation, including upper, lower, title, isalpha, isalnum, startswith, endswith, replace, split, strip, append, and find.', 'Strings can be converted to multi-line using a special syntax with three quotes, and numbers can be converted to strings using the str class constructor.', "The membership operator 'in' is used to determine if a value is contained in a list or another sequence, with further discussion anticipated on lists and sequences in the course.", 'The chapter covers string manipulation including lowercasing, finding length, using in operator, escaping characters, accessing specific characters, and slicing.', 'The comparison operator is used to compare two objects and returns true if both are the same objects, setting the stage for further exploration in the upcoming section on objects.', 'Strings can be concatenated using the plus operator, and variables can be concatenated with strings as well.', 'The chapter delves into Booleans, their usage, conditional statements, and evaluating values for true or false.']}, {'end': 7494.898, 'segs': [{'end': 5233.356, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5199.487, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5204.251, 'text': 'often written I in mathematics or J in engineering.', 'start': 5199.487, 'duration': 4.764}, {'end': 5209.995, 'text': 'Python is built in support for complex numbers which are written with the the J notation.', 'start': 5204.251, 'duration': 5.744}, {'end': 5214.879, 'text': 'So the imaginary part is written with a with a J suffix.', 'start': 5210.516, 'duration': 4.363}, {'end': 5226.23, 'text': 'So you can combine it, you can use a literal value like complex equals two plus three j.', 'start': 5215.8, 'duration': 10.43}, {'end': 5230.033, 'text': "So the the j means it's the imaginary part of the number.", 'start': 5226.23, 'duration': 3.803}, {'end': 5233.356, 'text': 'Or you can use the complex constructor.', 'start': 5230.714, 'duration': 2.642}], 'summary': 'Python supports complex numbers using j notation.', 'duration': 33.869, 'max_score': 5199.487, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc5199487.jpg'}, {'end': 5688.962, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5661.905, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5667.531, 'text': 'You can also do more complex input processing and accept input at program invocation time.', 'start': 5661.905, 'duration': 5.626}, {'end': 5669.514, 'text': "And we'll see how to do that later on.", 'start': 5667.932, 'duration': 1.582}, {'end': 5675.533, 'text': "If you want to get the input when the program is run, that's going to work better for command line applications.", 'start': 5670.549, 'duration': 4.984}, {'end': 5679.155, 'text': 'Other kinds of applications will need a different way of accepting input.', 'start': 5675.873, 'duration': 3.282}, {'end': 5681.957, 'text': "Let's look more at control statements.", 'start': 5679.715, 'duration': 2.242}, {'end': 5688.962, 'text': "This is another thing we've already discussed earlier, but we're going to review it and look at it in a little more detail.", 'start': 5682.377, 'duration': 6.585}], 'summary': 'Covering complex input processing and program invocation with a focus on control statements.', 'duration': 27.057, 'max_score': 5661.905, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc5661905.jpg'}, {'end': 5832.566, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5801.241, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5803.704, 'text': "And then it's going to say Hello, Flavio from right here.", 'start': 5801.241, 'duration': 2.463}, {'end': 5808.148, 'text': "Okay, that's all we're going to talk about for this for now, since we've already covered it earlier in the course.", 'start': 5804.404, 'duration': 3.744}, {'end': 5811.272, 'text': "Now I'm going to go into more detail about lists.", 'start': 5808.549, 'duration': 2.723}, {'end': 5815.296, 'text': 'Lists are an essential Python data structure.', 'start': 5811.812, 'duration': 3.484}, {'end': 5819.5, 'text': "And so an example of a list would be let's create a list called dogs.", 'start': 5815.876, 'duration': 3.624}, {'end': 5825.484, 'text': "So we're going to create a the dog names, we have Roger, we have Sid.", 'start': 5819.98, 'duration': 5.504}, {'end': 5832.566, 'text': 'And this allows you to group together multiple values and reference them all with a common name.', 'start': 5826.464, 'duration': 6.102}], 'summary': 'Python lists are an essential data structure, example: dogs - roger, sid.', 'duration': 31.325, 'max_score': 5801.241, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc5801241.jpg'}, {'end': 6861.823, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6837.026, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6842.29, 'text': 'While lists allow you to create collections of values, dictionaries allow you to create key value pairs.', 'start': 6837.026, 'duration': 5.264}, {'end': 6844.952, 'text': 'We already discussed dictionaries a little bit.', 'start': 6842.91, 'duration': 2.042}, {'end': 6847.593, 'text': "But now we're going to discuss even more about dictionaries.", 'start': 6845.052, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 6852.096, 'text': 'So let me give you an example of a dictionary with just one key value pair.', 'start': 6848.074, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 6857.3, 'text': 'So dog equals and then you were going to use the curly braces to create the dictionary.', 'start': 6852.176, 'duration': 5.124}, {'end': 6861.823, 'text': "And I'll put name And then I will put Roger.", 'start': 6857.68, 'duration': 4.143}], 'summary': "Dictionaries store key-value pairs, like 'dog' : 'roger'.", 'duration': 24.797, 'max_score': 6837.026, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc6837026.jpg'}, {'end': 7314.741, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7286.056, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 7288.018, 'text': 'then you can also copy a dictionary.', 'start': 7286.056, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 7297.427, 'text': "So if you want to make two copies of a dictionary, you can do do like this dog copy, that's the name of the new dictionary, I'll do dog dot copy.", 'start': 7288.358, 'duration': 9.069}, {'end': 7301.831, 'text': 'And that would be the new copied version of the dictionary.', 'start': 7298.448, 'duration': 3.383}, {'end': 7306.836, 'text': 'Okay, now we are going to talk about a new thing called sets.', 'start': 7301.851, 'duration': 4.985}, {'end': 7310.599, 'text': 'Sets are another important Python data structure.', 'start': 7308.097, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 7314.741, 'text': "sets kind of work like couples, but they're not ordered.", 'start': 7311.58, 'duration': 3.161}], 'summary': 'Python tutorial: copy dictionaries and introduce sets.', 'duration': 28.685, 'max_score': 7286.056, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc7286056.jpg'}], 'start': 5144.179, 'title': 'Python data structures and control statements', 'summary': 'Covers python numbers, enums, lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets, with detailed explanations, methods, and usage examples, providing a comprehensive understanding of these data structures and control statements.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5374.026, 'start': 5144.179, 'title': 'Python numbers and built-in functions', 'summary': 'Covers python numbers including integers, floats, and complex numbers, with built-in functions like abs and round for number manipulation.', 'duration': 229.847, 'highlights': ['Python has built-in support for complex numbers, expressed as a sum of a real part and an imaginary part, written with the J notation, and can be manipulated using the ABS and round functions.', 'The ABS function returns the absolute value of a number, while the round function rounds a number to the nearest integer or specified decimal point precision.', 'The all function returns true if all values are true, while any returns true if at least one value is true.']}, {'end': 5800.781, 'start': 5374.767, 'title': 'Python enums and control statements', 'summary': 'Introduces python enums, demonstrating how to create and use enums, and explains user input processing and control statements like if, else, and elif statements, with examples of their usage and behavior.', 'duration': 426.014, 'highlights': ['Python enums are introduced, demonstrating how to create and use enums, and explains user input processing and control statements like if, else, and elif statements, with examples of their usage and behavior.', 'The chapter explains how to create and use enums in Python, with examples of initialization and referencing, and demonstrates how to list all possible enum values and count them using the length function.', 'User input processing in Python is discussed, covering the usage of the input function to obtain user input, with examples of simple and complex input processing, and the implications of runtime input acquisition.', 'The chapter explores control statements in Python, including if, else, and elif statements, and provides examples of their usage and behavior, outlining the concept of blocks and the structure of if-else statements.']}, {'end': 6596.695, 'start': 5801.241, 'title': 'Python lists in detail', 'summary': 'Explains python lists in detail, covering creation, manipulation, and methods like append, extend, remove, pop, insert, sort, and sorted, highlighting their functionality and usage with examples, and also addressing the impact of sorting on original and copied lists.', 'duration': 795.454, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains Python lists in detail, covering creation, manipulation, and methods like append, extend, remove, pop, insert, sort, and sorted, highlighting their functionality and usage with examples, and also addressing the impact of sorting on original and copied lists.', 'Lists are an essential Python data structure, allowing grouping together multiple values and referencing them with a common name.', 'A list can hold different types of values, including strings, integers, and Booleans, and the in operator can be used to check if an item is contained in a list.', 'Referencing items in a list by their indexes starting with zero, and using index method to find items and slices to extract parts of the list.', 'The length function can be used to find out how many items are in the list, and methods like append, extend, remove, pop, and insert can be used to add, remove, and modify items in the list.', 'The sort method orders the list, modifying the original list content, while the sorted function creates a new sorted list without modifying the original list.']}, {'end': 7015.004, 'start': 6598.636, 'title': 'Tuples and dictionaries in python', 'summary': 'Introduces tuples as an immutable data structure in python, demonstrating its creation, indexing, slicing, and methods, while also explaining dictionaries as key-value pairs with examples and methods, emphasizing their importance as a python data structure.', 'duration': 416.368, 'highlights': ['Tuples are immutable data structures in Python, created using parentheses, allowing indexing, slicing, and length calculation, with examples and use cases provided.', 'Dictionaries in Python are key-value pairs, enabling the creation of collections with examples and methods for accessing, modifying, and adding key-value pairs.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of dictionaries as Python data structure and provides detailed explanations of key-value pairs, key access methods, and default values.']}, {'end': 7494.898, 'start': 7015.685, 'title': 'Python dictionaries and sets', 'summary': 'Covers python dictionaries and sets, demonstrating methods such as pop, pop item, in operator, keys, values, items, copying, and also introduces sets, showing their usage in intersection, union, difference, superset, and subset.', 'duration': 479.213, 'highlights': ['The pop method can be used to retrieve the value of a key and delete the item from the dictionary, demonstrating its functionality with an example of removing a key-value pair from the dictionary.', 'The in operator can be used to check if a key is contained in a dictionary, with an example showcasing the successful check for a specific key in the dictionary.', 'The chapter introduces sets as an important Python data structure, explaining their characteristics and difference from dictionaries, and demonstrating the creation of sets using curly brackets.']}], 'duration': 2350.719, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc5144179.jpg', 'highlights': ['Python lists cover creation, manipulation, and methods like append, extend, remove, pop, insert, sort, and sorted.', 'Python dictionaries are key-value pairs, enabling the creation of collections with examples and methods for accessing, modifying, and adding key-value pairs.', 'Python enums are introduced, demonstrating how to create and use enums, and explains user input processing and control statements like if, else, and elif statements.', 'Python has built-in support for complex numbers, expressed as a sum of a real part and an imaginary part, written with the J notation, and can be manipulated using the ABS and round functions.', 'The chapter introduces sets as an important Python data structure, explaining their characteristics and difference from dictionaries, and demonstrating the creation of sets using curly brackets.']}, {'end': 8664.911, 'segs': [{'end': 7547.829, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7495.839, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 7499.12, 'text': 'You can also count items in a set with the length function.', 'start': 7495.839, 'duration': 3.281}, {'end': 7500.941, 'text': "That's pretty self explanatory.", 'start': 7499.14, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 7501.882, 'text': "I won't even show it to you.", 'start': 7500.981, 'duration': 0.901}, {'end': 7503.463, 'text': "We've seen the link function so many times.", 'start': 7501.902, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 7510.807, 'text': 'you can also get you can also get a list from the items in a set by passing the set to the list constructor.', 'start': 7504.483, 'duration': 6.324}, {'end': 7519.653, 'text': "So I'm just going to remove this and we will do list set one.", 'start': 7511.368, 'duration': 8.285}, {'end': 7523.149, 'text': 'Okay, so now we have a list of the set.', 'start': 7521.127, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 7530.496, 'text': 'And then you can check if an item is contained in a set with the in operator, just like the list and the other way.', 'start': 7523.93, 'duration': 6.566}, {'end': 7533.7, 'text': 'we, the other places, we use the in operator.', 'start': 7530.496, 'duration': 3.204}, {'end': 7539.986, 'text': 'And then one more final thing about a set, a set cannot have two of the same items.', 'start': 7534.18, 'duration': 5.806}, {'end': 7542.507, 'text': "So that's another thing that's useful about sets.", 'start': 7540.286, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 7545.468, 'text': 'So if I type in Rogers now we have Roger.', 'start': 7542.587, 'duration': 2.881}, {'end': 7546.148, 'text': 'said Roger.', 'start': 7545.468, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 7547.829, 'text': "if I play this, we'll see.", 'start': 7546.148, 'duration': 1.681}], 'summary': 'Sets in python have unique items and offer various operations like length, list conversion, and item containment.', 'duration': 51.99, 'max_score': 7495.839, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc7495839.jpg'}, {'end': 7648.431, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7599.318, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7602.98, 'text': 'So functions are essential in Python and in many other programming languages.', 'start': 7599.318, 'duration': 3.662}, {'end': 7609.563, 'text': 'They help us create meaningful programs, because they allow us to decompose a program into manageable parts,', 'start': 7603.52, 'duration': 6.043}, {'end': 7612.364, 'text': 'and they promote readability and code reuse.', 'start': 7609.563, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 7616.266, 'text': 'So this one is a function called Hello, that just prints.', 'start': 7613.024, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 7619.327, 'text': 'Hello, this is the function definition.', 'start': 7616.706, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 7625.25, 'text': "So there's a name called Hello, this is the name here, and then the body of the function.", 'start': 7619.907, 'duration': 5.343}, {'end': 7627.872, 'text': 'And which is the set of instructions.', 'start': 7625.27, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 7636.363, 'text': "And the body of the function is everything that's after the colon, and everything that's indented one level on the right.", 'start': 7628.693, 'duration': 7.67}, {'end': 7641.589, 'text': 'So to run this function, we must call it so I can just type in Hello.', 'start': 7637.104, 'duration': 4.485}, {'end': 7648.431, 'text': 'Hello And then this is the syntax to call the function.', 'start': 7642.67, 'duration': 5.761}], 'summary': 'Functions in python promote readability and code reuse, essential for managing programs.', 'duration': 49.113, 'max_score': 7599.318, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc7599318.jpg'}, {'end': 8331.175, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8305.648, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 8310.513, 'text': "So you just have to be aware of sometimes there's local variables that only play inside the function.", 'start': 8305.648, 'duration': 4.865}, {'end': 8315.039, 'text': "And there's global variables that can apply inside a function and outside a function.", 'start': 8310.554, 'duration': 4.485}, {'end': 8317.781, 'text': "Okay, now let's look at something else with functions.", 'start': 8315.699, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 8320.404, 'text': 'And this is nested functions.', 'start': 8318.162, 'duration': 2.242}, {'end': 8326.351, 'text': 'functions in Python can be nested inside other functions.', 'start': 8321.605, 'duration': 4.746}, {'end': 8331.175, 'text': 'A function defined inside a function is visible only inside that function.', 'start': 8327.011, 'duration': 4.164}], 'summary': 'Python functions can have local and global variables, and support nested functions.', 'duration': 25.527, 'max_score': 8305.648, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc8305647.jpg'}, {'end': 8569.769, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 8399.712, 'weight': 0.878, 'content': [{'end': 8407.735, 'text': "And we're going to for every word in the words list, we're going to say the word, we're going to say the words just going to print the word.", 'start': 8399.712, 'duration': 8.023}, {'end': 8410.856, 'text': 'So if I just run that, I am going to buy the milk.', 'start': 8407.775, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 8414.257, 'text': 'And every time it prints it, it prints on a new line.', 'start': 8411.276, 'duration': 2.981}, {'end': 8419.341, 'text': "So this would just be an example, because we're never going to want to use this save function outside of the talk function.", 'start': 8414.637, 'duration': 4.704}, {'end': 8422.823, 'text': "So it's better just to put it inside the talk function.", 'start': 8419.381, 'duration': 3.442}, {'end': 8426.989, 'text': "and then I'll just paste in another example here.", 'start': 8423.806, 'duration': 3.183}, {'end': 8436.618, 'text': 'If you want to access a variable defined in the outer function from the inner function, you first need to declare it as non local.', 'start': 8427.429, 'duration': 9.189}, {'end': 8441.422, 'text': "So we're using non local here at non local count.", 'start': 8437.158, 'duration': 4.264}, {'end': 8447.907, 'text': 'And this allows us to access this variable that was declared inside the out.', 'start': 8441.763, 'duration': 6.144}, {'end': 8449.448, 'text': 'So this is the outer function count.', 'start': 8447.927, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 8451.749, 'text': 'And we have this variable called count.', 'start': 8449.848, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 8459.532, 'text': 'And to be able to access that variable in the inner function, we have to call it non local, or we already talked about variable scope.', 'start': 8452.209, 'duration': 7.323}, {'end': 8468.597, 'text': "And if we didn't, called called this non local, then we could not access the count variable from inside the function.", 'start': 8460.192, 'duration': 8.405}, {'end': 8475.462, 'text': "So like, for instance, I'm going to run this, it's going to print the count, which is just count plus one is just adding one to this number.", 'start': 8468.858, 'duration': 6.604}, {'end': 8476.383, 'text': "That's all the function does.", 'start': 8475.502, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 8484.608, 'text': "But if I take off this word non local here and I run this, we're going to get an error because it doesn't know what count is.", 'start': 8476.743, 'duration': 7.865}, {'end': 8487.29, 'text': "it doesn't know that we're referring to this count in the inner function.", 'start': 8484.608, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 8489.471, 'text': "So we'll just put that back on there.", 'start': 8487.69, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 8491.473, 'text': 'And then it should work again.', 'start': 8490.152, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 8497.195, 'text': "This is especially useful with closures, which we're just about to talk about.", 'start': 8492.733, 'duration': 4.462}, {'end': 8500.456, 'text': 'So closure is a special way of doing a function in Python.', 'start': 8497.895, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 8508.699, 'text': 'If you return a nested function from a function, that nested function has access to the variables defined in that function,', 'start': 8500.936, 'duration': 7.763}, {'end': 8510.98, 'text': 'even if that function is not active anymore.', 'start': 8508.699, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 8512.621, 'text': 'So let me show you an example.', 'start': 8511.48, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 8518.626, 'text': "going to paste in code that will be very similar to this code, but just a little different, and then I'll explain it.", 'start': 8512.941, 'duration': 5.685}, {'end': 8521.608, 'text': "So now instead of count, it's a counter.", 'start': 8519.106, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 8525.292, 'text': "So we're returning count from this nested function.", 'start': 8522.089, 'duration': 3.203}, {'end': 8531.997, 'text': "And from the outer function, we're returning the nested function, we're returning the increment function.", 'start': 8525.772, 'duration': 6.225}, {'end': 8539.344, 'text': "And then here, instead of just calling the function directly, the outer function, we're assigning it to this variable.", 'start': 8532.558, 'duration': 6.786}, {'end': 8548.092, 'text': "And now we're going to print, we're just going to call, we're going to call this variable, which is the returned inner function.", 'start': 8539.964, 'duration': 8.128}, {'end': 8550.193, 'text': "So we're basically calling the inner function.", 'start': 8548.132, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 8557.8, 'text': "And it's still going, it's because we're calling the inner function, it's not going to reset the count to zero every time.", 'start': 8550.614, 'duration': 7.186}, {'end': 8560.363, 'text': 'And it can keep track of that value.', 'start': 8557.82, 'duration': 2.543}, {'end': 8566.467, 'text': 'and we have this using a common what is going to return, but we can also run the program.', 'start': 8560.723, 'duration': 5.744}, {'end': 8569.769, 'text': 'And we can see 123, just like that.', 'start': 8566.747, 'duration': 3.022}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates nested functions and nonlocal variable usage in python, with a focus on closures and their functionality.', 'duration': 170.057, 'max_score': 8399.712, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc8399712.jpg'}], 'start': 7495.839, 'title': 'Python programming essentials', 'summary': 'Covers working with sets in python, including counting items, converting a set to a list, and checking for item containment, as well as exploring functions in python with a focus on parameters, arguments, and return statements, and explaining variable scope, nested functions, non-local variable declaration, closures, and objects in python.', 'chapters': [{'end': 7573.598, 'start': 7495.839, 'title': 'Working with sets in python', 'summary': 'Covers working with sets in python, including counting items, converting a set to a list, checking for item containment, and the unique property of sets which allows only one instance of each item.', 'duration': 77.759, 'highlights': ["Sets in Python ensure that each item is unique, making it useful for removing duplicates from a list or checking for the existence of an item, demonstrated by the 'in' operator.", "Converting a set to a list in Python can be achieved by passing the set to the list constructor, exemplified by 'list(set_one).'", 'The length function can be used to count items in a set in Python, providing a straightforward method for obtaining the size of a set.']}, {'end': 8217.159, 'start': 7574.879, 'title': 'Functions in python', 'summary': 'Explores functions in python, covering the definition, syntax, parameters, arguments, default values, mutability, and return statements, emphasizing the importance and usage of functions in creating meaningful and readable programs.', 'duration': 642.28, 'highlights': ['Functions promote readability and code reuse, essential in Python and programming languages, decomposing programs into manageable parts.', 'Explains the syntax, naming conventions, and calling of functions, highlighting the significance of descriptive function names and the usage of parameters and arguments.', 'Illustrates the concept of default values for parameters, showcasing the ability to make parameters optional and the distinction between parameters and arguments.', 'Clarifies the mutability of parameters and the impact on modifying their values inside functions, distinguishing between mutable and immutable objects with examples.', 'Emphasizes the usage of return statements to return values from functions, including handling conditional return statements and returning multiple values.']}, {'end': 8664.911, 'start': 8217.898, 'title': 'Variable scope, nested functions, and objects in python', 'summary': 'Explains variable scope, nested functions, non-local variable declaration, closures, and objects in python, highlighting the importance of variable scope and demonstrating the use of nested functions and objects, emphasizing their attributes and methods.', 'duration': 447.013, 'highlights': ['Python functions can be nested, with inner functions only visible inside the outer function, useful for hiding functionality local to a function.', 'Non-local variable declaration in Python allows access to variables defined in the outer function from the inner function, enabling the use of closures.', 'Objects in Python have attributes and methods that can be accessed using the dot syntax, such as accessing real and imaginary parts of numbers and retrieving the bit length of a number.']}], 'duration': 1169.072, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc7495839.jpg', 'highlights': ['Functions promote readability and code reuse, essential in Python and programming languages, decomposing programs into manageable parts.', "Sets in Python ensure that each item is unique, making it useful for removing duplicates from a list or checking for the existence of an item, demonstrated by the 'in' operator.", 'Explains the syntax, naming conventions, and calling of functions, highlighting the significance of descriptive function names and the usage of parameters and arguments.', 'Non-local variable declaration in Python allows access to variables defined in the outer function from the inner function, enabling the use of closures.', 'The length function can be used to count items in a set in Python, providing a straightforward method for obtaining the size of a set.']}, {'end': 10357.755, 'segs': [{'end': 8695.643, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8665.771, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8670.432, 'text': "So there's just a lot of things that you can use for all int objects.", 'start': 8665.771, 'duration': 4.661}, {'end': 8672.032, 'text': 'And these are just a few of them.', 'start': 8670.492, 'duration': 1.54}, {'end': 8677.753, 'text': 'So a variable holding a list value has access to a different set of methods.', 'start': 8672.532, 'duration': 5.221}, {'end': 8686.395, 'text': "So I'm going to update this again, we're going to do items equals and we're going to create a list one, two.", 'start': 8678.313, 'duration': 8.082}, {'end': 8692.48, 'text': 'So I can do items dot append.', 'start': 8687.176, 'duration': 5.304}, {'end': 8694.021, 'text': 'I can append a three.', 'start': 8692.48, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 8695.643, 'text': 'append another item.', 'start': 8694.021, 'duration': 1.622}], 'summary': 'The transcript discusses various methods for manipulating list objects in python.', 'duration': 29.872, 'max_score': 8665.771, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc8665771.jpg'}, {'end': 8935.657, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8907.649, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8915.334, 'text': "So the control goes to the next instruction after the loop, which in this case, there is no one's next instruction after the loop.", 'start': 8907.649, 'duration': 7.685}, {'end': 8920.738, 'text': "It's common to have a counter to stop the iteration after some number of cycles.", 'start': 8916.195, 'duration': 4.543}, {'end': 8925.709, 'text': "So here's a while loop with a counter.", 'start': 8922.927, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 8931.134, 'text': 'So you start the counter at zero, and then while count is less than 10.', 'start': 8926.19, 'duration': 4.944}, {'end': 8935.657, 'text': "We're going to print this count equals count plus one.", 'start': 8931.134, 'duration': 4.523}], 'summary': 'While loop with counter, iterating until count is less than 10.', 'duration': 28.008, 'max_score': 8907.649, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc8907649.jpg'}, {'end': 9228.675, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9195.018, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 9198.419, 'text': 'And from the classes, we can instantiate objects.', 'start': 9195.018, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 9204.582, 'text': 'An object is an instance of a class, a class is the type of an object.', 'start': 9199.2, 'duration': 5.382}, {'end': 9210.524, 'text': "So here's an example, I'm going to create a class called dog.", 'start': 9205.102, 'duration': 5.422}, {'end': 9217.666, 'text': 'So to create a class, you just put the word class and then put the class name.', 'start': 9212.262, 'duration': 5.404}, {'end': 9224.752, 'text': 'And now, I can, I can add a method for the class.', 'start': 9218.627, 'duration': 6.125}, {'end': 9228.675, 'text': "So to define a method, I'll just do define bark.", 'start': 9225.132, 'duration': 3.543}], 'summary': 'Introduction to creating a class and method in object-oriented programming.', 'duration': 33.657, 'max_score': 9195.018, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc9195018.jpg'}, {'end': 9577.598, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 9406.716, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 9408.639, 'text': 'So Roger ate wolf.', 'start': 9406.716, 'duration': 1.923}, {'end': 9414.656, 'text': "And the reason why it says none here is because I didn't have to put the print.", 'start': 9410.353, 'duration': 4.303}, {'end': 9422.401, 'text': "So I put pranks, I was in this groove, you're putting print on everything, but calling bark already prints wolf.", 'start': 9414.976, 'duration': 7.425}, {'end': 9432.108, 'text': "So when I do it, when it's when it's printing, it's printing, because since Roger dot bark doesn't return anything, there's no return statement.", 'start': 9423.082, 'duration': 9.026}, {'end': 9434.189, 'text': "That's why it printed none.", 'start': 9432.448, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 9436.531, 'text': "So there'd be two ways to fix that either.", 'start': 9434.629, 'duration': 1.902}, {'end': 9439.633, 'text': 'Instead of printing wolf, I could return wolf.', 'start': 9436.811, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 9443.015, 'text': 'or I could just not do the print here.', 'start': 9440.513, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 9444.637, 'text': 'So let me just take that off.', 'start': 9443.096, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 9447.479, 'text': 'Okay, Roger eight wolf.', 'start': 9445.598, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 9451.843, 'text': 'So one important feature of class is inheritance.', 'start': 9448.22, 'duration': 3.623}, {'end': 9454.866, 'text': 'Let me show you an example of inheritance.', 'start': 9452.404, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 9458.909, 'text': "I'm going to create a new class before the dog class.", 'start': 9455.426, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 9464.457, 'text': 'And this is going to be a class called animal.', 'start': 9459.31, 'duration': 5.147}, {'end': 9469.505, 'text': "And the animal class, I'm going to put a function called walk.", 'start': 9465.539, 'duration': 3.966}, {'end': 9472.33, 'text': "And I'm going to pay you always pass in self.", 'start': 9470.367, 'duration': 1.963}, {'end': 9477.514, 'text': 'And this is going to print walking.', 'start': 9473.311, 'duration': 4.203}, {'end': 9486.12, 'text': 'And then we can make the dog class inherent inherit from the animal class.', 'start': 9480.316, 'duration': 5.804}, {'end': 9487.581, 'text': 'So we have class dog.', 'start': 9486.5, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 9491.303, 'text': 'But if I put parentheses here, then I can type in animal.', 'start': 9487.601, 'duration': 3.702}, {'end': 9496.607, 'text': 'And now the dog class is going to inherit from the animal class.', 'start': 9492.084, 'duration': 4.523}, {'end': 9498.488, 'text': 'And now I can go down here.', 'start': 9497.107, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 9502.131, 'text': 'And after Roger dot bark, I can do Roger dot walk.', 'start': 9498.868, 'duration': 3.263}, {'end': 9508.44, 'text': "if I run that, okay, so Roger eight wolf, but now it's going to be able to do walking.", 'start': 9503.337, 'duration': 5.103}, {'end': 9518.226, 'text': "And you can see the dog class doesn't actually have a walk method, but it's getting it from the animal classes inheriting this method.", 'start': 9508.7, 'duration': 9.526}, {'end': 9522.769, 'text': "And in that way you're able to.", 'start': 9519.287, 'duration': 3.482}, {'end': 9534.457, 'text': 'I could create a class cat, a class frog, a class bird, and each of them could inherit the walk method and then it would have walking.', 'start': 9522.769, 'duration': 11.688}, {'end': 9545.289, 'text': "And we'll be doing a little more with classes in the final project in this course because we'll be going a little more over object oriented programming.", 'start': 9535.459, 'duration': 9.83}, {'end': 9549.519, 'text': "But right now, let's talk about something new.", 'start': 9546.337, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 9551.22, 'text': "I'm going to just delete all this.", 'start': 9550.04, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 9554.142, 'text': "And we're going to be talking about modules.", 'start': 9551.821, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 9559.786, 'text': 'So every Python file is a module, you can import a module from other files.', 'start': 9555.163, 'duration': 4.623}, {'end': 9565.81, 'text': "And that's the base of any program of moderate complexity, as it promotes a sensible organization and code reuse.", 'start': 9559.986, 'duration': 5.824}, {'end': 9572.635, 'text': "So it's basically how you can create a software that has multiple Python programs in the same piece of software.", 'start': 9566.19, 'duration': 6.445}, {'end': 9577.598, 'text': 'So in the typical Python program, one file acts as the entry point.', 'start': 9573.195, 'duration': 4.403}], 'summary': 'The transcript covers python programming concepts including inheritance, class, and modules.', 'duration': 170.882, 'max_score': 9406.716, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc9406716.jpg'}, {'end': 9852.431, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9829.142, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 9836.685, 'text': 'the standard library is a huge collection of all sorts of utilities, ranging from math utilities to debugging to creating graphical user interfaces.', 'start': 9829.142, 'duration': 7.543}, {'end': 9838.786, 'text': "So there's a bunch of them.", 'start': 9837.345, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 9840.587, 'text': "But here's some of the more common ones.", 'start': 9838.826, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 9844.428, 'text': 'We have math for math utilities reef regular expressions.', 'start': 9840.947, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 9847.809, 'text': 'JSON to work with JSON datetime.', 'start': 9844.428, 'duration': 3.381}, {'end': 9850.45, 'text': 'SQLite three OS for operating system utilities.', 'start': 9847.809, 'duration': 2.641}, {'end': 9852.431, 'text': 'random for random number generation.', 'start': 9850.45, 'duration': 1.981}], 'summary': 'Standard library offers various utilities including math, regular expressions, json, datetime, sqlite, and random number generation.', 'duration': 23.289, 'max_score': 9829.142, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc9829142.jpg'}], 'start': 8665.771, 'title': 'Python programming fundamentals', 'summary': 'Covers python programming fundamentals including objects, loops, classes, inheritance, modules, and standard library usage. it delves into essential concepts like object methods, loops, class instantiation, and module imports with practical examples and real-world applications.', 'chapters': [{'end': 8803.116, 'start': 8665.771, 'title': 'Python objects and loops', 'summary': 'Covers object methods for int and list objects, the id function to inspect object memory location, and the concept of mutable and immutable objects in python, as well as the essential parts of programming - while loops and for loops.', 'duration': 137.345, 'highlights': ['The ID global function provided by Python lets you inspect the location and memory for a particular object.', 'Objects in Python can be mutable or immutable based on their ability to change their content.', 'The chapter covers object methods for int and list objects, including append and pop for list objects.', 'Loops, such as while loops and for loops, are essential parts of programming in Python.']}, {'end': 9166.676, 'start': 8804.221, 'title': 'Python looping and iteration', 'summary': 'Covers while loops, for loops, range function, enumerate function, break, and continue in python, explaining their syntax and usage with practical examples and demonstrating the concept of iteration and control flow.', 'duration': 362.455, 'highlights': ['Explaining the while loop and demonstrating an infinite loop and a loop with a counter.', 'Detailing the for loop and its usage for iterating items in a list and a predetermined amount of times using the range function.', 'Illustrating the enumerate function and its usage to retrieve the index and item from a sequence, along with demonstrating the break and continue statements for loop control.']}, {'end': 9549.519, 'start': 9167.176, 'title': 'Python classes and inheritance', 'summary': 'Discusses python classes, including creating and instantiating objects, defining methods within classes, and demonstrating inheritance, showcasing how the dog class inherits from the animal class and its associated method.', 'duration': 382.343, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses Python classes, including creating and instantiating objects.', 'It demonstrates inheritance, showcasing how the dog class inherits from the animal class and its associated method.', 'It explains the use of constructors in classes for initializing properties when creating new objects.']}, {'end': 10357.755, 'start': 9550.04, 'title': 'Python modules and standard library', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of modules in python, highlighting how to import and use them, and explains the functionality and usage of the python standard library modules. it also covers accepting arguments from the command line using the sys module and the arg parse package.', 'duration': 807.715, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the concept of modules in Python, highlighting how to import and use them.', 'Explains the functionality and usage of the Python standard library modules, providing examples of some common modules like math, random, and os.', 'Covers accepting arguments from the command line using the sys module and the arg parse package, comparing their usage and advantages.']}], 'duration': 1691.984, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc8665771.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter covers object methods for int and list objects, including append and pop for list objects.', 'Explaining the while loop and demonstrating an infinite loop and a loop with a counter.', 'The chapter discusses Python classes, including creating and instantiating objects.', 'Explains the functionality and usage of the Python standard library modules, providing examples of some common modules like math, random, and os.']}, {'end': 12064.226, 'segs': [{'end': 10393.508, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10357.855, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 10359.396, 'text': 'But those are those are the basics.', 'start': 10357.855, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 10362.698, 'text': "Now let's talk about something completely different.", 'start': 10360.437, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 10367.422, 'text': 'Lambda, lambda functions.', 'start': 10363.659, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 10371.009, 'text': 'So let me just give you a quick example.', 'start': 10369.167, 'duration': 1.842}, {'end': 10380.937, 'text': 'Lambda num num times two.', 'start': 10375.192, 'duration': 5.745}, {'end': 10390.586, 'text': 'So lambda functions, also called anonymous functions are tiny functions that have no name, and only have one expression as their body.', 'start': 10381.638, 'duration': 8.948}, {'end': 10393.508, 'text': "So they're defined using the lambda keyword.", 'start': 10391.226, 'duration': 2.282}], 'summary': 'Lambda functions are tiny, nameless functions with one expression as their body.', 'duration': 35.653, 'max_score': 10357.855, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc10357855.jpg'}, {'end': 10440.997, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10412.606, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 10419.451, 'text': 'So the value is being returned is the number times two, the number that was passed in is gonna be multiply it by two in this example.', 'start': 10412.606, 'duration': 6.845}, {'end': 10425.153, 'text': 'So this is basically the simplest example of a lambda function, it just doubles the value of a number.', 'start': 10420.072, 'duration': 5.081}, {'end': 10429.834, 'text': 'And lambda functions can accept more arguments.', 'start': 10425.733, 'duration': 4.101}, {'end': 10440.997, 'text': 'So So for instance, I could do lambda, a comma B, and then we can multiply a times B.', 'start': 10429.874, 'duration': 11.123}], 'summary': 'Lambda function doubles the value of a number, can accept more arguments.', 'duration': 28.391, 'max_score': 10412.606, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc10412606.jpg'}, {'end': 10551.517, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10523.123, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 10525.725, 'text': 'but the values of each item can be changed.', 'start': 10523.123, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 10529.107, 'text': "So here's an example, we have this list.", 'start': 10526.205, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 10531.788, 'text': "And then here's the function.", 'start': 10530.007, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 10536.672, 'text': 'And then we are going to map through each item in the list.', 'start': 10532.509, 'duration': 4.163}, {'end': 10542.954, 'text': "And so here's the function we're going to run, we're going to run this function on each item in the list.", 'start': 10537.512, 'duration': 5.442}, {'end': 10545.455, 'text': "And now we're going to get a new list.", 'start': 10543.534, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 10548.616, 'text': 'So I can do a print result.', 'start': 10545.755, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 10551.517, 'text': "Now if we print that, I'll just run that function.", 'start': 10549.196, 'duration': 2.321}], 'summary': 'Demonstrates mapping function to change values in a list.', 'duration': 28.394, 'max_score': 10523.123, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc10523123.jpg'}, {'end': 10722.094, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10697.536, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 10703.88, 'text': 'So you can do so by returning true or false from the filtering, the filtering function.', 'start': 10697.536, 'duration': 6.344}, {'end': 10711.045, 'text': "So here's the filtering function, we are going to check if the item passed in is even so.", 'start': 10704.3, 'duration': 6.745}, {'end': 10713.147, 'text': "So here's the list here.", 'start': 10712.006, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 10718.611, 'text': "So you can see we're calling filter, we pass in the function, the filtering function, and then the list.", 'start': 10713.247, 'duration': 5.364}, {'end': 10722.094, 'text': "And we're going to return true or false from this function.", 'start': 10719.251, 'duration': 2.843}], 'summary': 'Filter function checks if items are even, returning true or false.', 'duration': 24.558, 'max_score': 10697.536, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc10697536.jpg'}, {'end': 10825.287, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10796.801, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 10804.802, 'text': "Okay, the final thing we're going to talk about is reduce, reduce is used to calculate a value out of a sequence like a list.", 'start': 10796.801, 'duration': 8.001}, {'end': 10811.043, 'text': 'So for example, suppose we have this list of expenses stored as tuples.', 'start': 10805.382, 'duration': 5.661}, {'end': 10815.304, 'text': "And so it's only a dinner at 80 car repair 180, or 120.", 'start': 10811.883, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 10825.287, 'text': 'And we want to calculate the sum of this property in each tuple, in this case, the cost of the expense.', 'start': 10815.304, 'duration': 9.983}], 'summary': 'Reduce function calculates the sum from a list of expenses stored as tuples.', 'duration': 28.486, 'max_score': 10796.801, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc10796801.jpg'}, {'end': 11002.142, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10971.467, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 10973.728, 'text': 'And it can be pretty useful in many scenarios.', 'start': 10971.467, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 10978.05, 'text': 'A common way to explain recursion is by using the factorial calculation.', 'start': 10974.368, 'duration': 3.682}, {'end': 10981.172, 'text': 'So let me show you how you would calculate factorial.', 'start': 10978.591, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 10983.874, 'text': "This isn't Python code, this is just an example here.", 'start': 10981.453, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 10994.8, 'text': 'So a fact when you do three factorial, that means you do three, you multiply every number between three between this number and one together.', 'start': 10984.274, 'duration': 10.526}, {'end': 10996.861, 'text': 'So three times two times one equals six.', 'start': 10994.86, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 11002.142, 'text': 'four factorial is four times three times two times one, five factorial, and you know five through one, and so on.', 'start': 10996.861, 'duration': 5.281}], 'summary': 'Recursion is explained using factorial calculation, such as 3! = 6, 4! = 24, and so on.', 'duration': 30.675, 'max_score': 10971.467, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc10971467.jpg'}, {'end': 11110.73, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11085.276, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 11090.8, 'text': 'So decorators in Python are a way to change enhance or alter in any way how a function works.', 'start': 11085.276, 'duration': 5.524}, {'end': 11097.644, 'text': 'decorators are defined with the at symbol followed by the decorator name just before the function definition.', 'start': 11091.42, 'duration': 6.224}, {'end': 11102.567, 'text': "So for instance, let's say we have a function, hello.", 'start': 11099.245, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 11110.73, 'text': "And it's just going to be the simplest function, we're just going to print Hello.", 'start': 11103.828, 'duration': 6.902}], 'summary': 'Python decorators enhance or alter function behavior.', 'duration': 25.454, 'max_score': 11085.276, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc11085276.jpg'}, {'end': 11398.633, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11374.994, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 11383.655, 'text': 'And standards allow standards allow us to have tools to extract doc strings and automatically generate documentation for your code.', 'start': 11374.994, 'duration': 8.661}, {'end': 11391.318, 'text': "So besides just this help functions, there's a lot of other methods to pull out these doc strings and get information about your code.", 'start': 11384.135, 'duration': 7.183}, {'end': 11395.84, 'text': 'And next we will learn about annotations.', 'start': 11391.898, 'duration': 3.942}, {'end': 11398.633, 'text': 'Python is dynamically typed.', 'start': 11396.991, 'duration': 1.642}], 'summary': 'Standards help extract doc strings and generate documentation for code. python is dynamically typed.', 'duration': 23.639, 'max_score': 11374.994, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc11374994.jpg'}, {'end': 11522.816, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11494.878, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 11497.241, 'text': "it's important to have a way to handle errors.", 'start': 11494.878, 'duration': 2.363}, {'end': 11500.545, 'text': 'And Python gives us exception handling to do so.', 'start': 11497.842, 'duration': 2.703}, {'end': 11506.311, 'text': 'So for exception handling, you would wrap lines of code in a try block.', 'start': 11501.105, 'duration': 5.206}, {'end': 11509.936, 'text': "And then inside this block, you'll put the lines of code.", 'start': 11507.373, 'duration': 2.563}, {'end': 11519.293, 'text': 'And then if an error occurs, Python will alert you and you can determine which kind of error occurred using an except block.', 'start': 11510.516, 'duration': 8.777}, {'end': 11522.816, 'text': "So we're trying some lines of code here.", 'start': 11519.693, 'duration': 3.123}], 'summary': "Python's exception handling allows for error detection and resolution through try and except blocks.", 'duration': 27.938, 'max_score': 11494.878, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc11494878.jpg'}, {'end': 11930.389, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11901.865, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 11904.466, 'text': 'This example is just meant to introduce its capabilities.', 'start': 11901.865, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 11908.206, 'text': "Now let's talk about third party packages.", 'start': 11905.745, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 11910.767, 'text': "And we're going to talk about pip.", 'start': 11909.086, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 11915.489, 'text': "So let's learn how to install third party packages in Python using pip.", 'start': 11911.267, 'duration': 4.222}, {'end': 11923.632, 'text': 'The Python standard library contains a huge number of utilities that simplify our Python development needs, but nothing can satisfy everything.', 'start': 11916.069, 'duration': 7.563}, {'end': 11930.389, 'text': "that's why individuals and companies create packages and make them available as open source software for the entire community.", 'start': 11924.403, 'duration': 5.986}], 'summary': 'Introduction to installing third-party packages in python using pip.', 'duration': 28.524, 'max_score': 11901.865, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc11901865.jpg'}], 'start': 10357.855, 'title': 'Python functions and packages', 'summary': 'Introduces lambda functions, discusses their usage in python, covers python functionality such as reduce, recursion, decorators, docstrings, annotations, exception handling, and third-party package management.', 'chapters': [{'end': 10412.146, 'start': 10357.855, 'title': 'Lambda functions basics', 'summary': 'Introduces lambda functions, also known as anonymous functions, which are tiny functions that have no name, and only have one expression as their body, and must return a value.', 'duration': 54.291, 'highlights': ['Lambda functions are tiny functions that have no name and only have one expression as their body.', 'The body of a lambda function must be a single expression, not a statement.', 'Lambda functions must return a value, as an expression returns a value, a statement does not.']}, {'end': 10796.101, 'start': 10412.606, 'title': 'Lambda functions and python functionality', 'summary': 'Discusses lambda functions in python, which can be used to double a value and combined with map, filter, and reduce to perform operations on collections, such as mapping a function on each item in a list and filtering based on a condition.', 'duration': 383.495, 'highlights': ['Lambda functions can be used to double a value, and when combined with map, filter, and reduce, they provide utility for performing operations on collections.', 'The map function is used to run a function on each item in a list and create a new list with the same number of items, allowing the values of each item to be changed.', 'Filter function is used to return a filter object, which is another iterable, based on the result of the filtering function, allowing for the filtering of items from an iterable based on a condition.']}, {'end': 11468.445, 'start': 10796.801, 'title': 'Python reduce, recursion, decorators, docstrings, and annotations', 'summary': 'Covers the usage of the reduce function to calculate the sum of expenses stored as tuples, recursion for factorial calculation, decorators to modify function behavior, docstrings for documentation, and annotations to specify variable and function types.', 'duration': 671.644, 'highlights': ['The reduce function is used to calculate the sum of expenses stored as tuples, providing a quicker method compared to traditional approaches.', 'Recursion in Python is explained using the factorial calculation as an example, demonstrating the base case and recursive case for a recursive function.', 'Decorators in Python are defined as a way to modify function behavior, with examples of adding a decorator to a function and the use cases for decorator functions.', 'The significance of docstrings in Python is emphasized for providing documentation automatically processed by Python, showcasing examples of defining docstrings for functions, classes, methods, and files.', 'Annotations in Python are introduced as a means to optionally specify variable and function types, with examples of annotating function parameters, return values, and variables.']}, {'end': 12064.226, 'start': 11468.826, 'title': 'Python exception handling and third party packages', 'summary': "Discusses python exception handling by explaining the try-except, else, and finally blocks, as well as demonstrating how to raise and handle custom exceptions. it also covers the usage of the 'with' statement for automatic resource cleanup, and provides a guide on installing, upgrading, and uninstalling third-party packages using pip.", 'duration': 595.4, 'highlights': ['Python exception handling is discussed, covering the try-except, else, and finally blocks, as well as raising and handling custom exceptions.', "The usage of the 'with' statement for automatic resource cleanup is demonstrated.", 'Installation, upgrading, and uninstalling of third-party packages using pip are covered, showcasing the process and commands involved.']}], 'duration': 1706.371, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc10357855.jpg', 'highlights': ['Lambda functions are tiny functions with no name and only one expression.', 'Reduce function calculates sum of expenses stored as tuples.', 'Recursion in Python is explained using the factorial calculation as an example.', 'Decorators in Python modify function behavior, with examples.', 'Annotations in Python specify variable and function types, with examples.', 'Python exception handling covers try-except, else, and finally blocks.', 'Installation, upgrading, and uninstalling of third-party packages using pip are covered.', 'Lambda functions can be used to double a value and combined with map, filter, and reduce.', 'Map function runs a function on each item in a list and creates a new list.', 'Filter function returns a filter object based on the result of the filtering function.']}, {'end': 13261.146, 'segs': [{'end': 12127.565, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12092.624, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 12095.627, 'text': "Now we're actually going to backtrack a little bit, we already talked about lists.", 'start': 12092.624, 'duration': 3.003}, {'end': 12104.233, 'text': "But I'm going to talk about a more advanced way of using lists called list compression, list compressions.", 'start': 12096.007, 'duration': 8.226}, {'end': 12109.616, 'text': 'So list compressions are a way to create lists in a very concise way.', 'start': 12104.753, 'duration': 4.863}, {'end': 12113.839, 'text': "So suppose you have this list like this, it's a list of numbers.", 'start': 12110.077, 'duration': 3.762}, {'end': 12119.383, 'text': "And we'll just do 12345.", 'start': 12114.199, 'duration': 5.184}, {'end': 12127.565, 'text': 'So we can create a new list using a list compression, composed by the numbers list elements to the power of two.', 'start': 12119.383, 'duration': 8.182}], 'summary': 'List comprehensions are a concise way to create new lists using elements from an existing list, such as squaring each number.', 'duration': 34.941, 'max_score': 12092.624, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc12092624.jpg'}, {'end': 12234.597, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12204.264, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 12209.126, 'text': "So see, in here, we've defined the same method on different classes.", 'start': 12204.264, 'duration': 4.862}, {'end': 12214.409, 'text': 'So the dog has eat and the cat also has an eat method.', 'start': 12209.526, 'duration': 4.883}, {'end': 12221.533, 'text': "then we can generate objects and we can call the eat method, regardless of the class the object belongs to, and we'll get different results.", 'start': 12214.409, 'duration': 7.124}, {'end': 12224.895, 'text': 'So we create the two objects, the dog and the cat here.', 'start': 12221.953, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 12228.796, 'text': "And we're calling the eat method on both objects.", 'start': 12225.675, 'duration': 3.121}, {'end': 12234.597, 'text': "And if we run this, you can see what we're getting eating cat dog food eating cat food.", 'start': 12229.416, 'duration': 5.181}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating polymorphism: objects call eat method, yielding different results (cat food, dog food).', 'duration': 30.333, 'max_score': 12204.264, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc12204264.jpg'}, {'end': 12448.745, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12401.094, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 12405.236, 'text': 'So you can see all these different ones, you can make it respond to the different operators.', 'start': 12401.094, 'duration': 4.142}, {'end': 12408.398, 'text': 'So the example was just a greater than operator.', 'start': 12405.256, 'duration': 3.142}, {'end': 12414.482, 'text': "But we can make functions to show how it's gonna respond to all these different operators.", 'start': 12408.778, 'duration': 5.704}, {'end': 12418.385, 'text': "There's even a few more methods to work with other operators, but you get the idea.", 'start': 12414.822, 'duration': 3.563}, {'end': 12420.246, 'text': "We've learned a lot about Python.", 'start': 12419.105, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 12426.33, 'text': "And now we're going to bring a lot of what we've learned together to code a blackjack card game.", 'start': 12420.566, 'duration': 5.764}, {'end': 12430.272, 'text': "And in the process, we'll learn about object oriented programming in Python.", 'start': 12426.63, 'duration': 3.642}, {'end': 12434.675, 'text': "So we'll start by creating a new Python project on replit.", 'start': 12430.492, 'duration': 4.183}, {'end': 12438.972, 'text': "And I'm just going to close this tab here.", 'start': 12437.29, 'duration': 1.682}, {'end': 12442.136, 'text': "And I'll zoom in just a bit.", 'start': 12438.992, 'duration': 3.144}, {'end': 12448.745, 'text': "And just like our first project, I'm going to say what I'm about to do.", 'start': 12443.438, 'duration': 5.307}], 'summary': 'Python programming: learning about operators and object-oriented programming, coding a blackjack card game.', 'duration': 47.651, 'max_score': 12401.094, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc12401094.jpg'}, {'end': 12500.427, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12473.369, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 12481.957, 'text': "But you're going to learn a lot more if you try to code this by yourself, along with me as I do it, but right before I do the different steps.", 'start': 12473.369, 'duration': 8.588}, {'end': 12490.101, 'text': "So the first thing we're going to do is create a variable called suit and set equal to hearts,", 'start': 12482.637, 'duration': 7.464}, {'end': 12500.427, 'text': 'and then a variable called rank and set to equal k for King, and then a variable called value and set to equal 10..', 'start': 12490.101, 'duration': 10.326}], 'summary': 'Learn coding by creating variables for suit, rank, and value.', 'duration': 27.058, 'max_score': 12473.369, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc12473369.jpg'}, {'end': 12560.853, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12532.182, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 12538.187, 'text': "So it's just one print statement that's going to print your card is colon space and then the rank.", 'start': 12532.182, 'duration': 6.005}, {'end': 12544.832, 'text': 'So we are going to be doing string concatenation.', 'start': 12541.169, 'duration': 3.663}, {'end': 12547.814, 'text': 'Just like that.', 'start': 12547.213, 'duration': 0.601}, {'end': 12553.328, 'text': 'So you can concatenate as many strings and variables as you want.', 'start': 12549.705, 'duration': 3.623}, {'end': 12560.853, 'text': "So let's update the code so that the print function print prints your card is K of hearts.", 'start': 12553.648, 'duration': 7.205}], 'summary': 'Learning about string concatenation for printing card details.', 'duration': 28.671, 'max_score': 12532.182, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc12532182.jpg'}, {'end': 12846.867, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12817.228, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 12826.395, 'text': 'And now we have with this nested for loop, we have every card, every rank and every suit, all 52 cards are printed as two item lists.', 'start': 12817.228, 'duration': 9.167}, {'end': 12829.902, 'text': 'an element in a list can be another list.', 'start': 12827.421, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 12837.924, 'text': "So instead of printing 52, two item lists, let's append those 52 cards to the cards list.", 'start': 12830.282, 'duration': 7.642}, {'end': 12846.867, 'text': "So we already have the cards list here, it's empty, but I'm going to do cards dot append.", 'start': 12838.985, 'duration': 7.882}], 'summary': 'Nested for loop prints all 52 cards as two-item lists, then appends them to the cards list.', 'duration': 29.639, 'max_score': 12817.228, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc12817228.jpg'}, {'end': 12910.81, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12882.961, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 12886.262, 'text': 'may notice that all the cards are in order in the cards list.', 'start': 12882.961, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 12889.283, 'text': 'For a game like this, though, the cards must be shuffled.', 'start': 12886.962, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 12895.124, 'text': 'So to help with this, import the random module at the top of your code.', 'start': 12889.763, 'duration': 5.361}, {'end': 12900.466, 'text': "So that's just we just do import random.", 'start': 12896.285, 'duration': 4.181}, {'end': 12905.566, 'text': "now we'll be able to use the random module.", 'start': 12903.464, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 12910.81, 'text': 'So this is going to import the random module, which contains a variety of things related to random number generation.', 'start': 12905.826, 'duration': 4.984}], 'summary': 'Import the random module for shuffling cards in the game.', 'duration': 27.849, 'max_score': 12882.961, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc12882961.jpg'}, {'end': 13128.691, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13104.216, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 13111.759, 'text': "What if you want the deal function to deal more than one card? Well, let's refactor the deal function to an accept to accept an argument.", 'start': 13104.216, 'duration': 7.543}, {'end': 13117.923, 'text': 'So any number of arguments can appear inside the parentheses when a function is created, separated by commas.', 'start': 13112.38, 'duration': 5.543}, {'end': 13122.265, 'text': 'Inside the function, the arguments are assigned to variables called parameters.', 'start': 13118.523, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 13125.167, 'text': "So start by making it so we'll start by making it so.", 'start': 13122.905, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 13128.691, 'text': 'the deal function takes an argument named number.', 'start': 13125.167, 'duration': 3.524}], 'summary': 'Refactor deal function to accept any number of cards as arguments.', 'duration': 24.475, 'max_score': 13104.216, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc13104216.jpg'}], 'start': 12064.246, 'title': 'Python card deck creation', 'summary': 'Covers creating a full deck of cards using python, involving the creation of variables, lists, for loops, and nested loops to generate 52 cards and append them to a cards list, emphasizing hands-on coding and refactoring.', 'chapters': [{'end': 12473.249, 'start': 12064.246, 'title': 'Python programming and object oriented concepts', 'summary': 'Covers the installation of packages using pip, list compressions for concise list creation, polymorphism in object-oriented programming, operator overloading for custom comparison, and a blackjack card game project, demonstrating object-oriented programming in python.', 'duration': 409.003, 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces list compressions as a concise way to create lists, exemplifying the creation of a new list by squaring each element of an existing list.', 'The section on polymorphism illustrates how a generalized functionality can work on different types, demonstrating the ability to call the eat method on objects of different classes and receive different results.', 'The discussion on operator overloading showcases the custom comparison of objects using Python operators, such as greater than, and explains the process to define methods for different arithmetic and comparison operators.', 'The chapter concludes by mentioning the upcoming project to code a blackjack card game, emphasizing the application of learned concepts in an object-oriented programming context.']}, {'end': 12881.151, 'start': 12473.369, 'title': 'Python card deck creation', 'summary': 'Covers creating a full deck of cards using python, involving the creation of variables, lists, for loops, and nested loops to generate 52 cards and append them to a cards list, emphasizing hands-on coding and refactoring.', 'duration': 407.782, 'highlights': ['Creation of variables suit, rank, and value.', 'Refactoring of print statements using string concatenation.', 'Utilization of lists to store multiple values.', 'Implementation of nested for loops to generate 52 cards.']}, {'end': 13261.146, 'start': 12882.961, 'title': 'Python card shuffling and dealing', 'summary': 'Demonstrates how to shuffle and deal cards in python using the random module, creating functions for shuffling and dealing, and accepting arguments to deal multiple cards, resulting in a shuffled deck and dealing multiple cards.', 'duration': 378.185, 'highlights': ['The cards are shuffled using the random module, which contains a variety of things related to random number generation.', 'Creating a function called shuffle that shuffles the cards and calling the shuffle function before printing the cards.', 'Refactoring the deal function to accept an argument for dealing multiple cards and using a for loop to add a card from the deck for each card dealt.']}], 'duration': 1196.9, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc12064246.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter concludes by mentioning the upcoming project to code a blackjack card game, emphasizing the application of learned concepts in an object-oriented programming context.', 'The cards are shuffled using the random module, which contains a variety of things related to random number generation.', 'Refactoring the deal function to accept an argument for dealing multiple cards and using a for loop to add a card from the deck for each card dealt.', 'Implementation of nested for loops to generate 52 cards.', 'Creation of variables suit, rank, and value.', 'Utilization of lists to store multiple values.', 'Refactoring of print statements using string concatenation.', 'The chapter introduces list compressions as a concise way to create lists, exemplifying the creation of a new list by squaring each element of an existing list.', 'The section on polymorphism illustrates how a generalized functionality can work on different types, demonstrating the ability to call the eat method on objects of different classes and receive different results.', 'The discussion on operator overloading showcases the custom comparison of objects using Python operators, such as greater than, and explains the process to define methods for different arithmetic and comparison operators.']}, {'end': 14558.642, 'segs': [{'end': 13319.417, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13293.4, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 13299.401, 'text': "So let's create a variable called card and set it equal to the first item in the cards dealt list.", 'start': 13293.4, 'duration': 6.001}, {'end': 13302.982, 'text': "And then we'll just print that card instead of cards dealt.", 'start': 13300.261, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 13310.13, 'text': 'So we are going to do card equals cards dealt.', 'start': 13303.742, 'duration': 6.388}, {'end': 13316.415, 'text': 'And then we just use the brackets and put zero to get the first item in that list.', 'start': 13310.691, 'duration': 5.724}, {'end': 13319.417, 'text': "And then we'll just print a card.", 'start': 13317.095, 'duration': 2.322}], 'summary': "Create a variable 'card' and print the first item in the 'cards dealt' list.", 'duration': 26.017, 'max_score': 13293.4, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc13293400.jpg'}, {'end': 13401.274, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13369.609, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 13375.692, 'text': 'So Jack, J, Q, and K, which is Jack, Queen and King have the value of 10.', 'start': 13369.609, 'duration': 6.083}, {'end': 13377.373, 'text': 'And then the numbers have the value of the number.', 'start': 13375.692, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 13382.175, 'text': 'So we need to check what the rank is and set the value depending on the rank.', 'start': 13377.853, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 13388.338, 'text': 'So this is the perfect time for a conditional statement, specifically an if statement.', 'start': 13383.036, 'duration': 5.302}, {'end': 13392.307, 'text': 'before the final print statement or program.', 'start': 13389.465, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 13401.274, 'text': "we're going to add an if statement to check if the rank equals a and if so, we'll assign 11 to a variable named value.", 'start': 13392.307, 'duration': 8.967}], 'summary': 'Explaining the values of cards, setting value based on rank using if statement.', 'duration': 31.665, 'max_score': 13369.609, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc13369609.jpg'}, {'end': 13544.945, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13520.248, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 13527.515, 'text': "It's like a list but more general, you can think of a dictionary as a mapping between a set of indices, which are called keys and values.", 'start': 13520.248, 'duration': 7.267}, {'end': 13530.818, 'text': 'So key value pairs each key maps to a value.', 'start': 13527.996, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 13533.641, 'text': "So, above the print statement, let's create a variable called rank,", 'start': 13531.039, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 13544.945, 'text': 'underscore di CT for dictionary and create a dictionary with two items a key value pair for the rank and a key value pair for the value.', 'start': 13534.682, 'duration': 10.263}], 'summary': 'Explains dictionaries as key-value pairs in python.', 'duration': 24.697, 'max_score': 13520.248, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc13520248.jpg'}, {'end': 14168.278, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14138.454, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 14148.105, 'text': 'Now you can see the the list of all of these cards has the suit and the rank and the value for each card.', 'start': 14138.454, 'duration': 9.651}, {'end': 14154.132, 'text': "So underneath where we created deck one, let's create deck two, we'll create another instance of another deck.", 'start': 14148.906, 'duration': 5.226}, {'end': 14164.534, 'text': 'So So now we can call methods on these instances.', 'start': 14154.993, 'duration': 9.541}, {'end': 14168.278, 'text': 'And you see some of the methods we have, we have shuffle and deal.', 'start': 14164.974, 'duration': 3.304}], 'summary': 'Transcript discusses creating instances of decks and calling methods on them.', 'duration': 29.824, 'max_score': 14138.454, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc14138454.jpg'}, {'end': 14236.157, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14211.078, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 14216.822, 'text': 'But then if we go into deck two, we can see we have diamonds, clubs, spades, diamonds, hearts.', 'start': 14211.078, 'duration': 5.744}, {'end': 14220.025, 'text': 'So these are shuffled in deck two, they are shuffled.', 'start': 14217.303, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 14223.654, 'text': 'Okay, the deck works.', 'start': 14222.054, 'duration': 1.6}, {'end': 14226.955, 'text': "Now let's add safeguards to prevent errors.", 'start': 14224.415, 'duration': 2.54}, {'end': 14232.236, 'text': 'Every time the deal function is called a card is removed from the cards list.', 'start': 14227.455, 'duration': 4.781}, {'end': 14236.157, 'text': 'You can only remove a card if there are cards to remove.', 'start': 14232.996, 'duration': 3.161}], 'summary': 'Deck two contains diamonds, clubs, spades, and hearts. safeguards added to prevent errors during card removal.', 'duration': 25.079, 'max_score': 14211.078, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc14211078.jpg'}, {'end': 14391.342, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14262.069, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 14272.242, 'text': 'So if the length of self dot cards is greater than zero.', 'start': 14262.069, 'duration': 10.173}, {'end': 14275.705, 'text': "And we do we don't need this parentheses here.", 'start': 14273.143, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 14287.075, 'text': "So if the length of self dot cards is greater than zero, then we will do this, we'll pop up a card and add it to the cards dealt.", 'start': 14276.065, 'duration': 11.01}, {'end': 14289.877, 'text': "If not, we just won't do anything.", 'start': 14287.716, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 14295.883, 'text': "And then we'll return cards dealt, which could be an empty array if there were no cards on the deck.", 'start': 14290.238, 'duration': 5.645}, {'end': 14299.993, 'text': "Now let's add something to the shuffle function.", 'start': 14296.65, 'duration': 3.343}, {'end': 14303.756, 'text': 'A deck with only one card does not need to be shuffled.', 'start': 14300.533, 'duration': 3.223}, {'end': 14307.379, 'text': "So let's add the appropriate if statement to the shuffle function.", 'start': 14304.236, 'duration': 3.143}, {'end': 14321.991, 'text': "So we'll do if the length of self dot cards is greater than one, then we will shuffle and then make sure I'll make sure to put the colon there.", 'start': 14308.2, 'duration': 13.791}, {'end': 14328.421, 'text': 'Okay, Since a card is a separate concept than a deck.', 'start': 14322.011, 'duration': 6.41}, {'end': 14330.903, 'text': "Next, we'll make a card class.", 'start': 14329.121, 'duration': 1.782}, {'end': 14335.887, 'text': "So let's create a card class with an init function.", 'start': 14331.884, 'duration': 4.003}, {'end': 14340.291, 'text': "And in that init function, we'll set self dot suit to equals hearts.", 'start': 14336.348, 'duration': 3.943}, {'end': 14348.699, 'text': "So hopefully you already tried this, I'm going to do class card.", 'start': 14343.995, 'duration': 4.704}, {'end': 14361.833, 'text': 'And then I will do def then after the suit will lose self dot rank and set to a.', 'start': 14350.34, 'duration': 11.493}, {'end': 14365.154, 'text': 'So currently, anytime a card is created, it will be an ace of hearts.', 'start': 14361.833, 'duration': 3.321}, {'end': 14367.115, 'text': "Let's refactor the code.", 'start': 14365.995, 'duration': 1.12}, {'end': 14372.197, 'text': 'So the suit and rank are specified when a card object is constructed.', 'start': 14367.135, 'duration': 5.062}, {'end': 14379.7, 'text': 'So the init method can take additional parameters besides self that are passed into it as objects is constructed.', 'start': 14372.857, 'duration': 6.843}, {'end': 14382.041, 'text': "So we'll update it to take suit and rank.", 'start': 14380.28, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 14386.959, 'text': "Now we'll create a special method.", 'start': 14384.798, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 14391.342, 'text': "That's underscore underscore str, underscore underscore.", 'start': 14387.66, 'duration': 3.682}], 'summary': 'The code defines classes for cards and decks, with methods for dealing and shuffling cards.', 'duration': 129.273, 'max_score': 14262.069, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc14262069.jpg'}, {'end': 14558.642, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14535.98, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 14543.587, 'text': "Okay, it's still showing these red squiggly lines, because if I have a double quote around the strings and anytime other quotes are in the middle,", 'start': 14535.98, 'duration': 7.607}, {'end': 14544.868, 'text': 'I have to put a different type of quote.', 'start': 14543.587, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 14546.99, 'text': "So we're going to use single quotes.", 'start': 14544.888, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 14555.999, 'text': 'Okay, so now we can make this a whole string, but we use the brackets to put the variables right within the string.', 'start': 14548.132, 'duration': 7.867}, {'end': 14558.642, 'text': "So now we've updated that to use an F string.", 'start': 14556.34, 'duration': 2.302}], 'summary': 'Using single quotes for strings with embedded quotes; updating to use an f string.', 'duration': 22.662, 'max_score': 14535.98, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc14535980.jpg'}], 'start': 13261.966, 'title': 'Python programming and game classes', 'summary': 'Covers separating and analyzing cards, using dictionaries and lists in python programming, and creating game classes. it discusses specific card operations, manipulation of dictionaries and lists, and the creation of game classes with a focus on deck management and object-oriented programming concepts.', 'chapters': [{'end': 13478.156, 'start': 13261.966, 'title': 'Separating and analyzing cards in a program', 'summary': "Discusses separating a single card from a list, retrieving the rank of the card, and implementing a conditional statement to assign values based on the card's rank, with specific values assigned for a, j, q, and k.", 'duration': 216.19, 'highlights': ['Creating a variable to separate a single card from a list and printing the card.', 'Retrieving the rank from the card and implementing conditional statements to assign specific values for A, J, Q, and K.']}, {'end': 13813.341, 'start': 13478.156, 'title': 'Python programming - dictionaries and lists', 'summary': 'Discusses the use of dictionaries and lists in python programming, demonstrating how to create and manipulate them, and how to access values using keys. it also shows how to print and update values within a dictionary and lists, highlighting the importance of understanding different methods of coding and the flexibility in programming.', 'duration': 335.185, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the use of dictionaries and lists in Python programming', 'It also shows how to print and update values within a dictionary and lists', 'Highlighting the importance of understanding different methods of coding and the flexibility in programming']}, {'end': 14236.157, 'start': 13814.282, 'title': 'Creating game classes', 'summary': 'Covers the creation of classes to model different aspects of a game, such as card, deck, and hand, with a focus on the deck class, including the creation of instances, use of methods like shuffle and deal, and adding safeguards to prevent errors.', 'duration': 421.875, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the creation of classes to model different aspects of a game, such as card, deck, and hand, with a focus on the deck class.', 'Instances of the deck class are created to represent multiple decks, and methods like shuffle and deal can be called on these instances.', 'Safeguards to prevent errors are added, ensuring that a card can only be removed from the cards list if there are cards to remove.']}, {'end': 14558.642, 'start': 14236.757, 'title': 'Python oop: cards and decks', 'summary': 'Covers creating a card class with suit and rank parameters, implementing a special str method for custom printing, and updating string formatting to use f-strings.', 'duration': 321.885, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers creating a card class with suit and rank parameters, implementing a special str method for custom printing, and updating string formatting to use F-strings.', 'The program checks if the length of self dot cards is greater than zero before popping a card, ensuring that cards dealt will be an empty array if there were no cards on the deck.', 'The shuffle function now includes an if statement to check if the length of self dot cards is greater than one, ensuring that a deck with only one card does not need to be shuffled.', 'The init method of the card class sets self dot suit to hearts and self dot rank to a by default, ensuring that any created card will be an ace of hearts by default.', 'An F string is used to update the string formatting, allowing variables to be put right within the string.']}], 'duration': 1296.676, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc13261966.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter covers creating a card class with suit and rank parameters, implementing a special str method for custom printing, and updating string formatting to use F-strings.', 'Instances of the deck class are created to represent multiple decks, and methods like shuffle and deal can be called on these instances.', 'The chapter discusses the use of dictionaries and lists in Python programming, highlighting the importance of understanding different methods of coding and the flexibility in programming.', 'Retrieving the rank from the card and implementing conditional statements to assign specific values for A, J, Q, and K.', 'Creating a variable to separate a single card from a list and printing the card.', 'Safeguards to prevent errors are added, ensuring that a card can only be removed from the cards list if there are cards to remove.', 'The program checks if the length of self dot cards is greater than zero before popping a card, ensuring that cards dealt will be an empty array if there were no cards on the deck.', 'The shuffle function now includes an if statement to check if the length of self dot cards is greater than one, ensuring that a deck with only one card does not need to be shuffled.', 'The init method of the card class sets self dot suit to hearts and self dot rank to a by default, ensuring that any created card will be an ace of hearts by default.', 'An F string is used to update the string formatting, allowing variables to be put right within the string.']}, {'end': 15269.924, 'segs': [{'end': 14620.727, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14592.768, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 14595.81, 'text': "So now we're passing in card instances.", 'start': 14592.768, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 14599.132, 'text': "So we're done with the deck and card classes.", 'start': 14596.83, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 14604.835, 'text': 'And we created them in such a way that they could basically be used for any card game.', 'start': 14599.812, 'duration': 5.023}, {'end': 14608.02, 'text': "Now let's make a hand class.", 'start': 14605.859, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 14611.202, 'text': 'This will represent a hand in the game of blackjack.', 'start': 14608.661, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 14619.407, 'text': 'So create a hand class and add an init method and initialize a variable called self dot cards that is set to an empty list.', 'start': 14611.722, 'duration': 7.685}, {'end': 14620.727, 'text': "So let's go down here.", 'start': 14619.927, 'duration': 0.8}], 'summary': 'Classes for deck, card, and hand created for card games.', 'duration': 27.959, 'max_score': 14592.768, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc14592768.jpg'}, {'end': 14771.844, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14730.237, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 14733.658, 'text': 'And then we will shuffle the deck deck dot shuffle.', 'start': 14730.237, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 14738.138, 'text': "Now we'll create a hand.", 'start': 14737.218, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 14743.159, 'text': 'Now we can add cards to the hand.', 'start': 14740.719, 'duration': 2.44}, {'end': 14746.96, 'text': 'So hand dot add card.', 'start': 14743.179, 'duration': 3.781}, {'end': 14754.441, 'text': 'And we will deck that deal will deal two cards into the hand.', 'start': 14749.18, 'duration': 5.261}, {'end': 14758.822, 'text': "And then we'll just print hand dot cards.", 'start': 14755.021, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 14767.103, 'text': 'Okay, so this is how it printed out, I was expecting this to look a little different.', 'start': 14762.282, 'duration': 4.821}, {'end': 14771.844, 'text': 'Because of this function, it print, it should print like that.', 'start': 14767.703, 'duration': 4.141}], 'summary': 'Creating and dealing cards for a hand, but not as expected.', 'duration': 41.607, 'max_score': 14730.237, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc14730237.jpg'}, {'end': 14818.196, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14793.802, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 14802.599, 'text': 'And then we can also print both cards if we just copy that and do hand that cards zero, hand that cards one.', 'start': 14793.802, 'duration': 8.797}, {'end': 14806.048, 'text': "Okay, it's a part and nine of spades.", 'start': 14804.247, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 14808.15, 'text': 'So those are the two cards that were dealt to the hand.', 'start': 14806.068, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 14810.891, 'text': "Now we'll go back to the hand class.", 'start': 14808.89, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 14815.214, 'text': "And we'll add the ability to calculate the value of a hand.", 'start': 14811.472, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 14818.196, 'text': "So let's add a method called calculate value.", 'start': 14815.835, 'duration': 2.361}], 'summary': 'Adding ability to calculate hand value in the hand class.', 'duration': 24.394, 'max_score': 14793.802, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc14793802.jpg'}, {'end': 15000.842, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14961.212, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 14966.215, 'text': "After this entire for loop, we're going to check if the card has an ace.", 'start': 14961.212, 'duration': 5.003}, {'end': 14973.24, 'text': "And if the value is over 21, if so, then we'll just subtract 10 from the value.", 'start': 14967.036, 'duration': 6.204}, {'end': 14978.223, 'text': 'Because that will be the same as setting the ace to equal one instead of 11.', 'start': 14973.26, 'duration': 4.963}, {'end': 14991.654, 'text': "So we'll just do if has ace, and self dot value is greater than 21.", 'start': 14978.223, 'duration': 13.431}, {'end': 15000.842, 'text': 'The self dot value minus equals 10.', 'start': 14991.654, 'duration': 9.188}], 'summary': 'Check for ace in card, subtract 10 if value > 21.', 'duration': 39.63, 'max_score': 14961.212, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc14961212.jpg'}, {'end': 15112.252, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15084.464, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 15088.046, 'text': 'you may want to modify the value before you return it.', 'start': 15084.464, 'duration': 3.582}, {'end': 15094.587, 'text': "So it's best practice to create a method that will get a value like this for you.", 'start': 15088.926, 'duration': 5.661}, {'end': 15102.549, 'text': "So currently, this value that's returned could be incorrect.", 'start': 15097.908, 'duration': 4.641}, {'end': 15112.252, 'text': "Because if someone's going to get the value, the value has to be calculated correctly first, like checking for aces and, and other things.", 'start': 15103.049, 'duration': 9.203}], 'summary': 'Creating a method for accurate value calculation is recommended to avoid incorrect returns.', 'duration': 27.788, 'max_score': 15084.464, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc15084464.jpg'}, {'end': 15190.221, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15136.165, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 15145.232, 'text': "So we're calling the calculate value on the instance that's that is the hand instance, and we're getting the value and then we're returning the value.", 'start': 15136.165, 'duration': 9.067}, {'end': 15149.536, 'text': "Okay, let's create another method called is blackjack.", 'start': 15146.373, 'duration': 3.163}, {'end': 15154.12, 'text': "And it'll return true if there's a blackjack and false otherwise.", 'start': 15150.296, 'duration': 3.824}, {'end': 15157.163, 'text': "So it's a blackjack if the value is 21.", 'start': 15154.741, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 15167.627, 'text': "So I'm going to do def get is Oh, and put self here.", 'start': 15157.163, 'duration': 10.464}, {'end': 15175.056, 'text': "Okay, so this is going to evaluate you to either true or false, and return true or false, depending on whether there's a blackjack.", 'start': 15168.248, 'duration': 6.808}, {'end': 15180.062, 'text': "Now we'll create the final method in the hand class that will display information about the hand.", 'start': 15175.677, 'duration': 4.385}, {'end': 15185.409, 'text': "So let's create a method called display, though, though, to start with, we'll just print your hand.", 'start': 15180.463, 'duration': 4.946}, {'end': 15190.221, 'text': "Okay, now let's do a quick refactor.", 'start': 15188.7, 'duration': 1.521}], 'summary': 'Creating methods to calculate hand value, check for blackjack, and display hand information in a class.', 'duration': 54.056, 'max_score': 15136.165, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc15136165.jpg'}], 'start': 14559.912, 'title': 'Implementing blackjack hand class', 'summary': 'Covers creating the deck, card, and hand classes for a card game, including initializing the classes, adding functionality, and testing. it also explains the implementation of a blackjack hand class, including methods for calculating the hand value, checking for aces, determining blackjack, and displaying hand information.', 'chapters': [{'end': 14818.196, 'start': 14559.912, 'title': 'Creating deck, card, and hand classes', 'summary': 'Covers creating the deck, card, and hand classes for a card game, including initializing the classes, adding functionality, and testing. the hand class is created to represent a hand in the game of blackjack, with the ability to add cards to the hand, track the value of the hand, and calculate the value of a hand.', 'duration': 258.284, 'highlights': ['The hand class is created to represent a hand in the game of blackjack.', 'Adding functionality to the hand class, including the ability to add cards to the hand and track the value of the hand.', 'Testing the created functionality by creating a deck, shuffling it, and dealing cards to a hand for evaluation.']}, {'end': 15269.924, 'start': 14818.957, 'title': 'Implementing blackjack hand class', 'summary': 'Explains the implementation of a blackjack hand class, including methods for calculating the hand value, checking for aces, determining blackjack, and displaying hand information.', 'duration': 450.967, 'highlights': ["The method includes a for loop to iterate through each card and calculate its value, adding it to the hand's total value using the plus equals operation.", "The implementation includes a check for aces, where if the hand has an ace and its value exceeds 21, 10 is subtracted from the total value to adjust the ace's value to 1 instead of 11.", "A method called 'get value' is added, which returns the hand's total value, ensuring that the value is calculated correctly by checking for aces and other conditions.", "Another method, 'is blackjack', is created to determine if the hand represents a blackjack (value of 21) and returns true or false based on the evaluation.", "The final method 'display' is introduced to display information about the hand, with an option to differentiate between dealer's hand and player's hand using ternary operators and F-strings."]}], 'duration': 710.012, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc14559912.jpg', 'highlights': ['The hand class is created to represent a hand in the game of blackjack.', 'Adding functionality to the hand class, including the ability to add cards to the hand and track the value of the hand.', 'Testing the created functionality by creating a deck, shuffling it, and dealing cards to a hand for evaluation.', "A method called 'get value' is added, which returns the hand's total value, ensuring that the value is calculated correctly by checking for aces and other conditions.", "The method includes a for loop to iterate through each card and calculate its value, adding it to the hand's total value using the plus equals operation.", "The implementation includes a check for aces, where if the hand has an ace and its value exceeds 21, 10 is subtracted from the total value to adjust the ace's value to 1 instead of 11.", "Another method, 'is blackjack', is created to determine if the hand represents a blackjack (value of 21) and returns true or false based on the evaluation.", "The final method 'display' is introduced to display information about the hand, with an option to differentiate between dealer's hand and player's hand using ternary operators and F-strings."]}, {'end': 16798.901, 'segs': [{'end': 15299.668, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15270.585, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 15279.171, 'text': "And we are going to put a ternary operator to see if it's going to say dealers or yours, either dealers hand or your hand.", 'start': 15270.585, 'duration': 8.586}, {'end': 15283.554, 'text': "So to do some code, I'm going to put these curly braces here.", 'start': 15279.592, 'duration': 3.962}, {'end': 15288.098, 'text': "And then to do this ternary operator, we're going to put dealer.", 'start': 15284.435, 'duration': 3.663}, {'end': 15292.562, 'text': "And now here, so here's the double quote, and here's the single quote.", 'start': 15288.118, 'duration': 4.444}, {'end': 15299.668, 'text': 'So dealers, it will return dealers, if self dot dealer.', 'start': 15292.922, 'duration': 6.746}], 'summary': 'Using a ternary operator to determine whether the hand belongs to the dealer or the player.', 'duration': 29.083, 'max_score': 15270.585, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc15270585.jpg'}, {'end': 15617.692, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15588.919, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 15597.062, 'text': "So we'll add another and not show all dealer cards.", 'start': 15588.919, 'duration': 8.143}, {'end': 15603.686, 'text': "So it's going to be hidden if we're not showing all the dealer cards.", 'start': 15598.502, 'duration': 5.184}, {'end': 15611.029, 'text': "But if we are showing all the dealer cards, and then this whole if statement will be false, so we'll just print the card.", 'start': 15604.607, 'duration': 6.422}, {'end': 15617.692, 'text': "And there's going to be one other scenario where we're not going to print hidden.", 'start': 15611.71, 'duration': 5.982}], 'summary': 'Code will print cards except when dealer cards are hidden.', 'duration': 28.773, 'max_score': 15588.919, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc15588919.jpg'}, {'end': 15700.215, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15673.058, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 15677.841, 'text': "Okay, it's time to code the final and longest class that runs the game.", 'start': 15673.058, 'duration': 4.783}, {'end': 15681.043, 'text': 'So what I want you to do is create a class called game.', 'start': 15678.201, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 15684.245, 'text': 'And inside the class, create a method called play.', 'start': 15681.063, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 15692.55, 'text': 'And inside the method, create a variable called game number with the underscore for the space, and set that to zero.', 'start': 15684.265, 'duration': 8.285}, {'end': 15694.511, 'text': 'So class game.', 'start': 15693.05, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 15700.215, 'text': "And then we'll create another variable games to play and set that to zero.", 'start': 15696.713, 'duration': 3.502}], 'summary': "Create a class 'game' with method 'play' and set game number and games to play to zero.", 'duration': 27.157, 'max_score': 15673.058, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc15673058.jpg'}, {'end': 15961.614, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15930.34, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 15934.802, 'text': "And we'll use an F string.", 'start': 15930.34, 'duration': 4.462}, {'end': 15939.004, 'text': "And then we'll just print 30 more asterisks.", 'start': 15936.963, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 15947.707, 'text': "Now we'll display the players hand and then the dealer's hand.", 'start': 15942.585, 'duration': 5.122}, {'end': 15952.833, 'text': 'At this point in the game, someone could already have won if they got a blackjack.', 'start': 15949.372, 'duration': 3.461}, {'end': 15955.153, 'text': "The code should check if there's a winner.", 'start': 15953.393, 'duration': 1.76}, {'end': 15958.894, 'text': "Let's put the code to check if there's a winner in a separate method of the game class.", 'start': 15955.573, 'duration': 3.321}, {'end': 15961.614, 'text': 'So create a method called check winner.', 'start': 15959.334, 'duration': 2.28}], 'summary': 'Code prints 30 asterisks, displays player and dealer hands, checks for blackjack winner.', 'duration': 31.274, 'max_score': 15930.34, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc15930340.jpg'}, {'end': 16796.118, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 16631.932, 'weight': 0.763, 'content': [{'end': 16633.113, 'text': 'So game of one of three.', 'start': 16631.932, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 16635.095, 'text': 'So I can see I have 17.', 'start': 16633.133, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 16636.437, 'text': "I don't know what the dealer has.", 'start': 16635.095, 'duration': 1.342}, {'end': 16639.24, 'text': "But I'm going to s for stand.", 'start': 16637.017, 'duration': 2.223}, {'end': 16642.52, 'text': "Okay, it's always good to test.", 'start': 16640.839, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 16647.202, 'text': 'So it says deal is missing one required positional argument.', 'start': 16642.919, 'duration': 4.283}, {'end': 16650.183, 'text': "So let's go up to it says line 139.", 'start': 16647.662, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 16653.324, 'text': 'So this can kind of help us know where to go.', 'start': 16650.183, 'duration': 3.141}, {'end': 16659.225, 'text': "So let's go up to 139.", 'start': 16653.344, 'duration': 5.881}, {'end': 16662.128, 'text': 'And yeah, I want to deal a single card.', 'start': 16659.225, 'duration': 2.903}, {'end': 16663.828, 'text': "So I'm gonna deal one card here.", 'start': 16662.488, 'duration': 1.34}, {'end': 16673.314, 'text': 'And whether any other times I did use deal I want to deal one card here.', 'start': 16665.129, 'duration': 8.185}, {'end': 16678.559, 'text': 'And I got the deal one up here.', 'start': 16675.738, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 16682.161, 'text': 'So I just think I just forgot the deal one in those places.', 'start': 16678.618, 'duration': 3.543}, {'end': 16689.063, 'text': 'So thanks to these error messages, whenever you have a problem, make sure to read the error messages.', 'start': 16682.741, 'duration': 6.322}, {'end': 16693.426, 'text': 'And it can often give you a very good idea of what you need to do.', 'start': 16689.464, 'duration': 3.962}, {'end': 16698.207, 'text': 'wrong, because even says deal is missing one required positional argument the number.', 'start': 16693.426, 'duration': 4.781}, {'end': 16701.329, 'text': "So that can really help figure out what's wrong with your code.", 'start': 16698.728, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 16702.89, 'text': "So let's try that again.", 'start': 16701.848, 'duration': 1.042}, {'end': 16704.551, 'text': "we'll do three games.", 'start': 16703.43, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 16710.335, 'text': "And then this time I will hit and I'm going to stand.", 'start': 16705.311, 'duration': 5.024}, {'end': 16712.877, 'text': 'Okay, so now we have another error.', 'start': 16710.355, 'duration': 2.522}, {'end': 16714.878, 'text': 'So it says 173.', 'start': 16713.978, 'duration': 0.9}, {'end': 16719.241, 'text': 'And oh, I can already see this is spelled wrong.', 'start': 16714.878, 'duration': 4.363}, {'end': 16725.939, 'text': "So let's go to 173.", 'start': 16719.722, 'duration': 6.217}, {'end': 16730.184, 'text': 'and make sure I spell that correctly.', 'start': 16725.939, 'duration': 4.245}, {'end': 16733.026, 'text': 'And make sure I spell that correctly.', 'start': 16731.264, 'duration': 1.762}, {'end': 16735.488, 'text': "Okay, let's try again.", 'start': 16733.045, 'duration': 2.443}, {'end': 16741.933, 'text': "How many games you want to play three, I'm going to hit and hit.", 'start': 16735.508, 'duration': 6.425}, {'end': 16748.538, 'text': 'Okay, so the first game, you busted dealer wins.', 'start': 16743.993, 'duration': 4.545}, {'end': 16757.687, 'text': "And now we're on game number two, I'll hit and this time I will stand Okay, dealer busted, you win.", 'start': 16748.617, 'duration': 9.07}, {'end': 16759.689, 'text': "Now we're on game three of three.", 'start': 16757.728, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 16763.653, 'text': 'And I will hit and I will stand.', 'start': 16760.751, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 16768.778, 'text': 'And final results your hand 20 dealers hand 19.', 'start': 16765.134, 'duration': 3.644}, {'end': 16769.299, 'text': 'You win.', 'start': 16768.778, 'duration': 0.521}, {'end': 16771.001, 'text': 'Thanks for playing.', 'start': 16769.9, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 16774.865, 'text': 'We just completed this whole game.', 'start': 16772.462, 'duration': 2.403}, {'end': 16778.441, 'text': "Okay, we've reached the end of the course.", 'start': 16776.579, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 16784.967, 'text': "So you've learned the basics of Python, and if you've been coding along, you've written two Python programs.", 'start': 16778.941, 'duration': 6.026}, {'end': 16787.35, 'text': 'Good luck on your programming journey.', 'start': 16785.428, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 16791.414, 'text': 'Thanks for watching, and remember, use your code for good.', 'start': 16787.97, 'duration': 3.444}, {'end': 16793.255, 'text': 'Bye Bye.', 'start': 16791.434, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 16794.557, 'text': 'Bye Bye.', 'start': 16793.355, 'duration': 1.202}, {'end': 16796.118, 'text': 'Bye Bye.', 'start': 16794.957, 'duration': 1.161}], 'summary': 'A python program was debugged, and three games were played with a final result of 20 wins and 19 losses.', 'duration': 164.186, 'max_score': 16631.932, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc16631932.jpg'}], 'start': 15270.585, 'title': 'Python blackjack game', 'summary': 'Covers implementation of python ternary operator and for loop, updating hand display, creating game class, and blackjack game logic, with emphasis on error handling and game outcomes.', 'chapters': [{'end': 15392.405, 'start': 15270.585, 'title': 'Python ternary operator and for loop', 'summary': "Explains the implementation of a python ternary operator to determine whether to return 'dealers' or 'yours', and the addition of a for loop to print out each of the cards, along with using the not operator to print the value of the cards if the player is not the dealer.", 'duration': 121.82, 'highlights': ["The chapter covers the implementation of a Python ternary operator to determine whether to return 'dealers' or 'yours', based on the condition if self dot dealer equals true, returning 'dealers' if true and 'yours' if false.", "It also explains the addition of a for loop to print out each of the cards in the deck, using the syntax 'for card in self dot cards, print card'.", "Furthermore, it details the usage of the not operator to print the value of the cards if the player is not the dealer, with the code 'if not self dot dealer, then print value, value and self dot get value'.", 'The chapter concludes with the addition of an empty print statement to print a blank line and testing the implemented code by printing hand dot display to verify its functionality.']}, {'end': 15671.529, 'start': 15393.547, 'title': 'Updating hand display for blackjack game', 'summary': 'Covers updating the display method in the hand class for a blackjack game, including printing only the second card during the game, hiding the first card, handling the scenario of showing all dealer cards, and dealing with blackjack scenarios.', 'duration': 277.982, 'highlights': ['The display method in the Hand class is updated to print only the second card during the game and hide the first card, with the use of an if statement to handle this logic.', "A new parameter 'show all dealer cards' is created in the display method, allowing the display of all dealer cards at the end of the game, with the default value set to false.", 'The logic for not printing hidden cards is adjusted to include scenarios where there is a blackjack, ensuring that all cards are printed in this case.', "The use of the 'enumerate' function is introduced to access both the card and the card index in a for loop, providing the necessary index to determine which card to display."]}, {'end': 15930.34, 'start': 15673.058, 'title': 'Creating and running a game class', 'summary': 'Explains how to create a game class, handle user input for the number of games, and implement game loops and card dealing in python, with emphasis on error handling and loop functionality.', 'duration': 257.282, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains how to create a game class and a method called play, initializing game-related variables, and prompting the user to input the number of games to play.', 'It emphasizes the need for error handling by using try-except blocks to ensure the user inputs a number, and demonstrates the use of a while loop to continuously prompt the user until a valid number is entered.', 'It details the creation of a main game loop that iterates once per game, initializing and shuffling a deck, creating player and dealer hands, and dealing cards using a for loop.', 'The chapter demonstrates how to print game information to the console, including a divider and the current game number out of the total number of games.']}, {'end': 16250.409, 'start': 15930.34, 'title': 'Blackjack game logic', 'summary': 'Explains the blackjack game logic, including checking for winners, hand win conditions, and handling player choices, with detailed explanations on conditions and return values in the python code.', 'duration': 320.069, 'highlights': ["The code should check if there's a winner and handle various win conditions such as blackjack, player bust, and dealer bust.", 'The method should return false if no winner is found, and use if and else statements to check for different game outcomes.', 'The player can choose hit or stand until the value of their hand is over 21, with the game continuing to the next iteration if the check winner function returns true.']}, {'end': 16798.901, 'start': 16258.081, 'title': 'Python blackjack program', 'summary': "Explains the python blackjack program, detailing the logic and flow of the game, including error handling, and running the program to play three games with the outcomes and final message 'thanks for playing'.", 'duration': 540.82, 'highlights': ['The chapter details the logic and flow of the Python blackjack program, including the while loops for user input, checking for a winner, and displaying final results.', "The program is run to play three games, demonstrating error handling with missing positional arguments and spelling errors, with outcomes of dealer wins, player wins, and a final 'Thanks for playing' message.", 'The chapter ends with a message summarizing the course, encouraging the use of Python for good, and bidding goodbye.']}], 'duration': 1528.316, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eWRfhZUzrAc/pics/eWRfhZUzrAc15270585.jpg', 'highlights': ["The chapter covers the implementation of a Python ternary operator to determine 'dealers' or 'yours', based on the condition if self dot dealer equals true", 'The logic for not printing hidden cards is adjusted to include scenarios where there is a blackjack, ensuring that all cards are printed in this case', 'The chapter explains how to create a game class and a method called play, initializing game-related variables, and prompting the user to input the number of games to play', "The code should check if there's a winner and handle various win conditions such as blackjack, player bust, and dealer bust", 'The chapter details the logic and flow of the Python blackjack program, including the while loops for user input, checking for a winner, and displaying final results']}], 'highlights': ['Python excels in various scenarios: shell scripting, task automation, web development, data analysis, and machine learning.', 'Replit is an online IDE that allows coding and running programs in a web browser, facilitating quick start.', 'Python is considered one of the most popular programming languages globally, with growing popularity.', 'The chapter covers Python basics, including popularity, applications, Replit usage, and main features.', 'Replit provided a grant that made the course possible and facilitates quick setup.', 'Introduces the concept of importing libraries in Python, specifically the random library, and explains its usage to make random choices from lists.', "The chapter covers creating a new function 'check when' with arguments, and introduces if, else, and elif statements to check conditions and refactor code, aiming to improve code structure and functionality.", 'The chapter outlines the step-by-step process of implementing nested if statements for different player choices (rock, paper, scissors) and corresponding computer choices, ensuring a well-structured and efficient program for the game.', 'Functions promote readability and code reuse, essential in Python and programming languages, decomposing programs into manageable parts.', 'The chapter covers object methods for int and list objects, including append and pop for list objects.', 'Lambda functions are tiny functions with no name and only one expression.', 'The chapter concludes by mentioning the upcoming project to code a blackjack card game, emphasizing the application of learned concepts in an object-oriented programming context.', 'The cards are shuffled using the random module, which contains a variety of things related to random number generation.', 'The chapter covers creating a card class with suit and rank parameters, implementing a special str method for custom printing, and updating string formatting to use F-strings.', 'The hand class is created to represent a hand in the game of blackjack.', "The chapter covers the implementation of a Python ternary operator to determine 'dealers' or 'yours', based on the condition if self dot dealer equals true"]}