title
Java Tutorial for Beginners

description
Java tutorial for beginners - Learn Java, the language behind millions of apps and websites. 🔥 Want to master Java? Get my complete Java mastery bundle: http://bit.ly/2tKoy8C 👍 Subscribe for more Java tutorials like this: https://goo.gl/6PYaGF 📕 Get my FREE #Java cheat sheet: http://bit.ly/2JNlQnw ⭐️ Want to learn more from me? Check out these links: Courses: https://codewithmosh.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/moshhamedani Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/programmingwithmosh/ Blog: http://programmingwithmosh.com TABLE OF CONTENTS 0:00:00 Introduction 0:01:46 Installing Java 0:03:59 Anatomy of a Java Program 0:08:41 Your First Java Program 0:15:59 Cheat Sheet 0:16:29 How Java Code Gets Executed 0:22:54 Course Structure 0:25:22 Types 0:25:57 Variables 0:29:07 Primitive Types 0:34:27 Reference Types 0:39:15 Primitive Types vs Reference Types 0:43:39 Strings 0:50:42 Escape Sequences 0:53:22 Arrays 0:58:47 Multi-Dimensional Arrays 1:01:23 Constants 1:03:15 Arithmetic Expressions 1:07:18 Order of Operations 1:08:40 Casting 1:15:08 The Math Class 1:19:50 Formatting Numbers 1:25:40 Reading Input 1:30:45 Project: Mortgage Calculator 1:32:55 Solution: Mortgage Calculator 1:37:14 Types Summary 1:38:43 Control Flow 1:39:30 Comparison Operators 1:41:16 Logical Operators 1:45:52 If Statements 1:50:18 Simplifying If Statements 1:53:47 The Ternary Operator 1:56:16 Switch Statements 2:00:07 Exercise: FizzBuzz 2:06:05 For Loops 2:09:53 While Loops 2:14:19 Do...While Loops 2:15:36 Break and Continue 2:18:52 For-Each Loop 2:21:59 Project: Mortgage Calculator 2:23:27 Solution: Mortgage Calculator 2:28:28 Control Flow Summary 2:29:25 Clean Coding #Programming

detail
{'title': 'Java Tutorial for Beginners', 'heatmap': [{'end': 2443.124, 'start': 2350.85, 'weight': 0.769}, {'end': 3982.409, 'start': 3888.46, 'weight': 0.839}, {'end': 4889.326, 'start': 4794.431, 'weight': 0.82}, {'end': 8325.677, 'start': 8232.109, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': "The 'java tutorial for beginners' by mosh introduces a java programming course with the instructor's 2 decades of experience and 3 million students taught. it covers setting up java development environment, java program execution in intellij, java fundamentals, string manipulation, control flow, loops, and handling input in java, emphasizing practical applications and techniques for better code readability and decision-making.", 'chapters': [{'end': 93.363, 'segs': [{'end': 93.363, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.289, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3.351, 'text': "Hi, my name is Mosh, and I'm going to be your instructor in this Java course.", 'start': 0.289, 'duration': 3.062}, {'end': 7.533, 'text': "In this course, you're going to learn everything you need to get started programming in Java.", 'start': 3.851, 'duration': 3.682}, {'end': 11.816, 'text': "We'll start off by installing all the necessary tools to build Java applications.", 'start': 7.733, 'duration': 4.083}, {'end': 14.277, 'text': "Then you're going to learn about the basics of Java.", 'start': 12.276, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 16.678, 'text': "You'll learn how Java code gets executed.", 'start': 14.397, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 19.24, 'text': "You'll learn how to build simple algorithms.", 'start': 17.059, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 24.323, 'text': "And throughout this course, I'm going to share with you lots of tips and shortcuts from my years of experience.", 'start': 19.48, 'duration': 4.843}, {'end': 27.785, 'text': "I'll teach you how to write good code like a professional developer.", 'start': 24.683, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 34.971, 'text': 'So by the end of watching this course, you will have a solid foundation in Java and be ready to learn about advanced Java features.', 'start': 28.405, 'duration': 6.566}, {'end': 37.593, 'text': "I've designed this course for anyone who wants to learn Java.", 'start': 35.291, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 39.134, 'text': "If you're a beginner, don't worry.", 'start': 37.793, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 42.698, 'text': "I'll make Java super simple and hold your hands through this entire course.", 'start': 39.395, 'duration': 3.303}, {'end': 44.379, 'text': "You're not too old or too young.", 'start': 43.058, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 46.721, 'text': 'You will write your first Java program in minutes.', 'start': 44.579, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 47.762, 'text': 'My name is Mosh.', 'start': 47.141, 'duration': 0.621}, {'end': 53.427, 'text': "I'm a software engineer with two decades of experience, and I've taught over 3 million people how to code.", 'start': 48.122, 'duration': 5.305}, {'end': 56.31, 'text': 'and how to become professional software engineers.', 'start': 53.747, 'duration': 2.563}, {'end': 63.419, 'text': 'I have a coding school at codewithmosh.com where you can find plenty of courses that help you take your coding skills to the next level.', 'start': 56.811, 'duration': 6.608}, {'end': 67.604, 'text': 'I hope you stick around and learn this beautiful and powerful programming language.', 'start': 63.979, 'duration': 3.625}, {'end': 69.926, 'text': 'And now a word from this video sponsor.', 'start': 68.204, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 75.531, 'text': 'As someone who runs an online business, I cannot stress enough the importance of staying safe online,', 'start': 70.447, 'duration': 5.084}, {'end': 78.473, 'text': 'which is why I was so excited when Dashlane reached out to me.', 'start': 75.531, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 84.497, 'text': "If you don't know, Dashlane is the password manager and VPN recommended by Apple and Google,", 'start': 78.833, 'duration': 5.664}, {'end': 87.719, 'text': "and it's a fantastic safeguard for keeping your information secure.", 'start': 84.497, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 93.363, 'text': "It's completely free to use for your first device, so head over to dashlane.com slash mosh to give it a go.", 'start': 88.059, 'duration': 5.304}], 'summary': 'Java course by mosh covers basics, tips, and 3m+ learners, designed for beginners, promises simplicity, and practical knowledge.', 'duration': 93.074, 'max_score': 0.289, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU34289.jpg'}], 'start': 0.289, 'title': 'Java programming course introduction', 'summary': "Introduces a java programming course by mosh, with the instructor's 2 decades of experience and 3 million students taught, aiming to provide a solid foundation in java.", 'chapters': [{'end': 93.363, 'start': 0.289, 'title': 'Java programming course introduction', 'summary': "Introduces a java programming course taught by mosh, covering basics, execution, algorithms, tips, and shortcuts, with the instructor's 2 decades of experience and 3 million students taught, aiming to provide a solid foundation in java.", 'duration': 93.074, 'highlights': ['Mosh, a software engineer with two decades of experience, and over 3 million students taught, will cover basics, execution, algorithms, tips, and shortcuts in the Java course.', 'The course is designed to provide a solid foundation in Java, enabling learners to write their first Java program in minutes and to learn about advanced Java features.', 'Mosh assures beginners that he will make Java super simple and hold their hands throughout the entire course, emphasizing that anyone can learn Java regardless of age.', 'The instructor also mentions his coding school at codewithmosh.com, where learners can find various courses to enhance their coding skills.', 'Dashlane, a password manager and VPN recommended by Apple and Google, is mentioned as a sponsor, emphasizing the importance of online safety.']}], 'duration': 93.074, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU34289.jpg', 'highlights': ['Mosh, a software engineer with two decades of experience, and over 3 million students taught, will cover basics, execution, algorithms, tips, and shortcuts in the Java course.', 'The course is designed to provide a solid foundation in Java, enabling learners to write their first Java program in minutes and to learn about advanced Java features.', 'The instructor also mentions his coding school at codewithmosh.com, where learners can find various courses to enhance their coding skills.', 'Mosh assures beginners that he will make Java super simple and hold their hands throughout the entire course, emphasizing that anyone can learn Java regardless of age.', 'Dashlane, a password manager and VPN recommended by Apple and Google, is mentioned as a sponsor, emphasizing the importance of online safety.']}, {'end': 979.763, 'segs': [{'end': 121.051, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 93.823, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 100.995, 'text': 'if you want to upgrade to the premium to get vpn or dark web monitoring, you can use the promo code mosh to get 10 off.', 'start': 93.823, 'duration': 7.172}, {'end': 104, 'text': 'sign up for dashline today and keep yourself safe online.', 'start': 100.995, 'duration': 3.005}, {'end': 104.982, 'text': 'now back to the course.', 'start': 104, 'duration': 0.982}, {'end': 115.787, 'text': "In this Java tutorial, we're going to download and install the necessary tools to build Java applications.", 'start': 110.424, 'duration': 5.363}, {'end': 121.051, 'text': 'So, open up your browser and search for JDK download.', 'start': 116.448, 'duration': 4.603}], 'summary': "Upgrade to premium using promo code 'mosh' for 10% off, then sign up for dashlane to stay safe online while learning java.", 'duration': 27.228, 'max_score': 93.823, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU3493823.jpg'}, {'end': 221.348, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 194.404, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 198.086, 'text': 'The popular ones are NetBeans, Eclipse, and IntelliJ.', 'start': 194.404, 'duration': 3.682}, {'end': 204.229, 'text': "In this Java course, I'm going to use IntelliJ, but if you have a favorite editor, feel free to use that to take this course.", 'start': 198.586, 'duration': 5.643}, {'end': 205.129, 'text': "That's perfectly fine.", 'start': 204.249, 'duration': 0.88}, {'end': 209.772, 'text': "So let's search for IntelliJ download.", 'start': 206.21, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 214.347, 'text': 'alright, you can see download IntelliJ IDEA.', 'start': 211.866, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 217.007, 'text': 'click on this link over here.', 'start': 214.347, 'duration': 2.66}, {'end': 221.348, 'text': "download the community edition, which is absolutely free, and it's more than enough for this course.", 'start': 217.007, 'duration': 4.341}], 'summary': 'Intellij, eclipse, and netbeans are popular java editors. intellij idea community edition is recommended for the course.', 'duration': 26.944, 'max_score': 194.404, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU34194404.jpg'}, {'end': 270.514, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 243.666, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 247.047, 'text': "In this Java tutorial, we're going to look at the anatomy of Java programs.", 'start': 243.666, 'duration': 3.381}, {'end': 250.568, 'text': 'The smallest building block in Java programs are functions.', 'start': 247.487, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 253.768, 'text': 'A function is a block of code that performs a task.', 'start': 251.088, 'duration': 2.68}, {'end': 257.649, 'text': 'As a metaphor, think of the buttons on the remote control of your TV.', 'start': 254.229, 'duration': 3.42}, {'end': 259.55, 'text': 'Each button performs a task.', 'start': 258.149, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 262.15, 'text': 'Functions in programming languages are exactly the same.', 'start': 260.11, 'duration': 2.04}, {'end': 266.232, 'text': 'For example, we can have a function for sending emails to people.', 'start': 262.651, 'duration': 3.581}, {'end': 270.514, 'text': "we can have a function for converting someone's weight in pounds to kilograms.", 'start': 266.232, 'duration': 4.282}], 'summary': 'Java tutorial: functions are the building blocks of java programs, performing specific tasks.', 'duration': 26.848, 'max_score': 243.666, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU34243666.jpg'}, {'end': 389.214, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 345.724, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 352.592, 'text': "In other programming languages like C sharp, it's more conventional to put the left brace on a new line, but we don't do that in Java.", 'start': 345.724, 'duration': 6.868}, {'end': 357.016, 'text': 'So we put the left brace on the same line where we define our function.', 'start': 353.232, 'duration': 3.784}, {'end': 363.82, 'text': 'now, every java program should have at least one function, and that function is called main.', 'start': 357.777, 'duration': 6.043}, {'end': 366.742, 'text': 'so main is the entry point to our programs.', 'start': 363.82, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 373.465, 'text': 'whenever we execute a java program, the main function gets called and the code inside this function gets executed.', 'start': 366.742, 'duration': 6.723}, {'end': 376.607, 'text': "okay now, these functions don't exist on their own.", 'start': 373.465, 'duration': 3.142}, {'end': 379.448, 'text': 'they should always belong to a class.', 'start': 376.607, 'duration': 2.841}, {'end': 383.23, 'text': 'so a class is a container for one or more related functions.', 'start': 379.448, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 385.992, 'text': 'Basically, we use these classes to organize our code.', 'start': 383.71, 'duration': 2.282}, {'end': 389.214, 'text': 'Just like how products are organized in a supermarket.', 'start': 386.292, 'duration': 2.922}], 'summary': "In java, functions are contained in classes, with 'main' being the entry point for program execution.", 'duration': 43.49, 'max_score': 345.724, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU34345724.jpg'}, {'end': 553.605, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 525.393, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 529.715, 'text': "In this Java tutorial, you're going to learn how to write and execute your first Java program.", 'start': 525.393, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 535.877, 'text': "So let's open IntelliJ IDEA, here on the home screen, let's create a new project.", 'start': 530.255, 'duration': 5.622}, {'end': 542.48, 'text': 'Alright, on the left side, select Java, and make sure project SDK is not blank.', 'start': 537.478, 'duration': 5.002}, {'end': 550.424, 'text': 'So earlier we downloaded JDK or Java Development Kit version 12, that is why JDK version 12 is selected here.', 'start': 542.76, 'duration': 7.664}, {'end': 553.605, 'text': "If you don't see that, make sure to select it from this drop down list.", 'start': 550.644, 'duration': 2.961}], 'summary': 'Learn to write and execute a java program using intellij idea with jdk version 12.', 'duration': 28.212, 'max_score': 525.393, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU34525393.jpg'}], 'start': 93.823, 'title': 'Setting up java development environment and anatomy of java programs', 'summary': "Covers setting up java development environment with a promo code 'mosh' for 10% off on premium upgrade and emphasizes using intellij, and discusses the anatomy of java programs, including the concept of functions, classes, methods, access modifiers, and naming conventions, and guides through the creation of the first java project and execution of a java program using intellij idea.", 'chapters': [{'end': 237.471, 'start': 93.823, 'title': 'Setting up java development environment', 'summary': "Covers setting up java development environment, including downloading and installing jdk and intellij, with a promo code 'mosh' for 10% off on premium upgrade, and emphasizes using intellij for the course.", 'duration': 143.648, 'highlights': ["To get 10% off on premium upgrade for VPN or dark web monitoring in Dashlane, use the promo code 'mosh'. (10% discount)", 'Downloading and installing Java Development Kit (JDK) and IntelliJ for building Java applications. (Key tools)', 'Recommendation to use IntelliJ as the code editor for the course and downloading the community edition for free. (Free tool)']}, {'end': 979.763, 'start': 243.666, 'title': 'Anatomy of java programs', 'summary': 'Discusses the anatomy of java programs, including the concept of functions, classes, methods, access modifiers, and the naming conventions, and guides through the creation of the first java project and execution of a java program using intellij idea.', 'duration': 736.097, 'highlights': ['The smallest building block in Java programs are functions, which are blocks of code that perform tasks, such as sending emails, converting weight, and validating user input.', 'Java programs should have at least one function, called main, which serves as the entry point to the programs.', 'Classes in Java are containers for related functions, used to organize code, and every Java program should have at least one class that contains the main function.', 'The main class in Java follows the pascal naming convention, while methods follow the camel naming convention.']}], 'duration': 885.94, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU3493823.jpg', 'highlights': ['Downloading and installing Java Development Kit (JDK) and IntelliJ for building Java applications. (Key tools)', 'Recommendation to use IntelliJ as the code editor for the course and downloading the community edition for free. (Free tool)', 'The smallest building block in Java programs are functions, which are blocks of code that perform tasks, such as sending emails, converting weight, and validating user input.', 'Java programs should have at least one function, called main, which serves as the entry point to the programs.', 'Classes in Java are containers for related functions, used to organize code, and every Java program should have at least one class that contains the main function.', "To get 10% off on premium upgrade for VPN or dark web monitoring in Dashlane, use the promo code 'mosh'. (10% discount)"]}, {'end': 1552.201, 'segs': [{'end': 1025.768, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1001.928, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1009.391, 'text': 'In the compilation step, IntelliJ uses the Java compiler to compile our code into a different format called Java bytecode.', 'start': 1001.928, 'duration': 7.463}, {'end': 1015.214, 'text': 'This Java compiler comes with the Java development kit that we downloaded at the beginning of the course.', 'start': 1009.972, 'duration': 5.242}, {'end': 1015.955, 'text': 'Let me show you.', 'start': 1015.494, 'duration': 0.461}, {'end': 1024.526, 'text': 'So here we can right click on this main.java, and in this context menu we have an item called open in terminal.', 'start': 1016.855, 'duration': 7.671}, {'end': 1025.768, 'text': "It's down below.", 'start': 1025.067, 'duration': 0.701}], 'summary': 'Intellij compiles code to java bytecode using java compiler from jdk.', 'duration': 23.84, 'max_score': 1001.928, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU341001928.jpg'}, {'end': 1180.056, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1154.651, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1161.913, 'text': "So if you're on a Windows machine, this Java virtual machine converts our Java bytecode into the native code that Windows can understand.", 'start': 1154.651, 'duration': 7.262}, {'end': 1167.914, 'text': 'This architecture is the reason why Java applications are portable or platform independent.', 'start': 1162.553, 'duration': 5.361}, {'end': 1176.596, 'text': 'We can write a Java program on a Windows machine and execute it on Linux, Mac, or any other operating systems that have a Java runtime environment.', 'start': 1168.434, 'duration': 8.162}, {'end': 1180.056, 'text': 'C Sharp and Python also have the same architecture.', 'start': 1177.316, 'duration': 2.74}], 'summary': "Java applications are platform independent, executable on various operating systems due to java virtual machine's architecture, which also applies to c sharp and python.", 'duration': 25.405, 'max_score': 1154.651, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU341154651.jpg'}, {'end': 1365.383, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1339.323, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1347.008, 'text': 'The latest version of Java is Java Standard Edition 12, which was released just a few months ago in March 2019.', 'start': 1339.323, 'duration': 7.685}, {'end': 1349.79, 'text': 'Java has close to 9 million developers worldwide.', 'start': 1347.008, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 1357.536, 'text': 'Currently about 3 billion mobile phones run Java, as well as 120 million TV sets and every Blu-ray player.', 'start': 1350.29, 'duration': 7.246}, {'end': 1365.383, 'text': 'According to Indeed.com, the average salary of a Java developer is just over $100, 000 per year in the US.', 'start': 1358.297, 'duration': 7.086}], 'summary': 'Java se 12 released in march 2019, with 9m developers worldwide and average us salary of over $100,000.', 'duration': 26.06, 'max_score': 1339.323, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU341339323.jpg'}], 'start': 980.384, 'title': 'Java program execution in intellij and java: fundamentals & facts', 'summary': 'Covers the process of running a java program in intellij, including code compilation, java bytecode, and the java virtual machine. it also introduces java, its history, editions, usage, job prospects, and statistics such as 9 million global developers, 3 billion mobile phones, 120 million tv sets, every blu-ray player, and an average salary of over $100,000 for a java developer in the us.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1248.354, 'start': 980.384, 'title': 'Java program execution in intellij', 'summary': "Explains the process of running a java program in intellij, encompassing the compilation of code into java bytecode and the java virtual machine's role in translating bytecode to native code for platform independence, with a demonstration of invoking the java virtual machine to run a java program.", 'duration': 267.97, 'highlights': ["The process of running a Java program in IntelliJ involves compilation of code into Java bytecode and its storage in the 'out' folder, leading to platform-independent Java bytecode that can run on various operating systems.", 'The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) translates Java bytecode into native code for the underlying operating system, making Java applications portable and platform independent, similar to the architecture of C Sharp and Python.', 'Demonstration of invoking the java virtual machine to run a java program by specifying the full path to the main class file within the package, showcasing the case sensitivity of the file path.']}, {'end': 1552.201, 'start': 1248.754, 'title': 'Java: fundamentals & facts', 'summary': 'Introduces java, its history, editions, usage, and job prospects. java was developed by james gosling in 1995 at sun microsystems, acquired by oracle in 2010. it has 9 million global developers, runs on 3 billion mobile phones, 120 million tv sets, and every blu-ray player. the average salary of a java developer in the us is over $100,000. the course structure is outlined, covering fundamentals, object-oriented programming, core java apis, and advanced features.', 'duration': 303.447, 'highlights': ['Java has close to 9 million developers worldwide, runs on 3 billion mobile phones, 120 million TV sets, and every Blu-ray player.', 'The average salary of a Java developer is just over $100,000 per year in the US.', 'The latest version of Java is Java Standard Edition 12, released in March 2019.', 'Java was developed by James Gosling in 1995 at Sun Microsystems, which was later acquired by Oracle in 2010.', 'The course structure covers fundamentals, object-oriented programming, core Java APIs, and advanced features.']}], 'duration': 571.817, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU34980384.jpg', 'highlights': ['Java runs on 3 billion mobile phones, 120 million TV sets, and every Blu-ray player.', 'Java has close to 9 million developers worldwide.', 'The average salary of a Java developer is just over $100,000 per year in the US.', "The process of running a Java program in IntelliJ involves compilation of code into Java bytecode and its storage in the 'out' folder.", 'The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) translates Java bytecode into native code for the underlying operating system.']}, {'end': 2918.557, 'segs': [{'end': 1582.65, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1552.701, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1555.383, 'text': "Are you ready? Now let's jump in and get started.", 'start': 1552.701, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 1564.079, 'text': "In this tutorial we're going to talk about variables in Java.", 'start': 1561.397, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 1568.202, 'text': "We use variables to temporarily store data in computer's memory.", 'start': 1564.719, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 1569.443, 'text': "Here's an example.", 'start': 1568.682, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 1573.245, 'text': "Imagine in this program you want to store someone's age in the memory.", 'start': 1569.983, 'duration': 3.262}, {'end': 1579.449, 'text': 'So we declare a variable like this, int age equals 30.', 'start': 1573.946, 'duration': 5.503}, {'end': 1582.65, 'text': 'So int or integer is the type of this variable.', 'start': 1579.449, 'duration': 3.201}], 'summary': 'Introduction to java variables. example: int age = 30.', 'duration': 29.949, 'max_score': 1552.701, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU341552701.jpg'}, {'end': 1703.711, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1674.718, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1677.399, 'text': 'we can declare multiple variables on the same line.', 'start': 1674.718, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 1681.2, 'text': "Now even though this is technically possible, it's not something that I recommend.", 'start': 1678.079, 'duration': 3.121}, {'end': 1686.802, 'text': "So it's always better to declare one variable on each line, like this.", 'start': 1681.72, 'duration': 5.082}, {'end': 1690.444, 'text': 'We can also copy the value of one variable into another.', 'start': 1687.783, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 1691.644, 'text': 'Here is an example.', 'start': 1690.464, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 1693.465, 'text': 'Let me delete these variables.', 'start': 1691.864, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 1703.711, 'text': 'and declare a new variable called my age, we set it to 30, and then we declare another variable like her age, and we set it to my age.', 'start': 1694.225, 'duration': 9.486}], 'summary': "It's better to declare one variable per line. copying values is possible.", 'duration': 28.993, 'max_score': 1674.718, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU341674718.jpg'}, {'end': 1779.124, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1751.618, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1754.641, 'text': "In this tutorial we're going to talk about various types in Java.", 'start': 1751.618, 'duration': 3.023}, {'end': 1757.283, 'text': 'Basically we have two categories of types.', 'start': 1755.221, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 1764.911, 'text': 'We have primitive types for storing simple values, and non-primitive types or reference types for storing complex objects.', 'start': 1757.664, 'duration': 7.247}, {'end': 1776.181, 'text': 'So in the category of primitive types we have byte, which takes one byte of memory, and in one byte we can store values from 128 to 127.', 'start': 1765.651, 'duration': 10.53}, {'end': 1779.124, 'text': 'Now the more bytes we have, the larger numbers we can store.', 'start': 1776.181, 'duration': 2.943}], 'summary': 'Java has two types: primitive (e.g. byte) and non-primitive for simple and complex values, with byte storing from -128 to 127.', 'duration': 27.506, 'max_score': 1751.618, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU341751618.jpg'}, {'end': 2443.124, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2350.85, 'weight': 0.769, 'content': [{'end': 2353.111, 'text': "So here's the current date time on my machine.", 'start': 2350.85, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 2362.96, 'text': "I've learned a little bit about the differences between the primitive and reference types.", 'start': 2359.318, 'duration': 3.642}, {'end': 2370.024, 'text': 'So you know that we use primitive types for storing simple values, and reference types for storing complex objects.', 'start': 2363.58, 'duration': 6.444}, {'end': 2375.467, 'text': 'But there is a very important difference between these two categories of types in terms of memory management.', 'start': 2370.344, 'duration': 5.123}, {'end': 2378.209, 'text': "And that's what we're going to talk about in this tutorial.", 'start': 2376.108, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 2389.375, 'text': "So I'm going to declare a primitive variable, x, and set it to 1, and then I'm going to declare another variable like y and set it to x.", 'start': 2378.849, 'duration': 10.526}, {'end': 2396.138, 'text': 'So in this example we have two different variables, x and y, and these two variables are at different memory locations.', 'start': 2389.375, 'duration': 6.763}, {'end': 2399.059, 'text': "So they're completely independent of each other.", 'start': 2396.638, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 2403.981, 'text': 'In other words, if I change the value of x, y is not going to get affected.', 'start': 2399.439, 'duration': 4.542}, {'end': 2404.622, 'text': 'Let me show you.', 'start': 2404.161, 'duration': 0.461}, {'end': 2409.324, 'text': "So I'm going to update x to 2, and then print y.", 'start': 2405.122, 'duration': 4.202}, {'end': 2411.125, 'text': 'So s-y-u-t, tab, y.', 'start': 2409.324, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 2413.326, 'text': "let's take a look.", 'start': 2412.746, 'duration': 0.58}, {'end': 2421.094, 'text': 'So run, as you can see y is not affected, because x and y are completely independent of each other.', 'start': 2413.887, 'duration': 7.207}, {'end': 2425.278, 'text': 'However, when we use a reference type, this behavior is different.', 'start': 2421.995, 'duration': 3.283}, {'end': 2426.099, 'text': "Let's take a look.", 'start': 2425.559, 'duration': 0.54}, {'end': 2437.377, 'text': "So I'm going to delete all the code here, In java we have a point class that is defined in this package, java.awt.", 'start': 2426.76, 'duration': 10.617}, {'end': 2443.124, 'text': 'So, you press enter, and now we have this import statement on the top, beautiful.', 'start': 2438.058, 'duration': 5.066}], 'summary': 'Comparison of primitive and reference types in memory management explained', 'duration': 92.274, 'max_score': 2350.85, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU342350850.jpg'}], 'start': 1552.701, 'title': 'Java variables and data types', 'summary': 'Introduces java variables, including type declaration, initialization, and naming conventions, and discusses variable types, primitive and reference types, memory management, and string manipulation methods in java, emphasizing detailed size and range information, with examples and practical applications.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1722.867, 'start': 1552.701, 'title': 'Java variables introduction', 'summary': 'Introduces the concept of variables in java, emphasizing type declaration, initialization, value assignment, and printing, with examples and recommendations, and highlights the significance of proper variable naming conventions.', 'duration': 170.166, 'highlights': ["The chapter explains the purpose of variables in Java, emphasizing their role in temporarily storing data in the computer's memory, illustrated with an example of storing someone's age as an integer value.", 'It highlights the importance of initializing variables before reading them and demonstrates changing the value of a variable, providing examples and outcomes such as changing age from 30 to 35 and printing the updated value.', 'The chapter discourages the practice of initializing multiple variables on the same line, emphasizing its negative impact on code readability and recommends declaring one variable per line.', "It emphasizes the ability to copy the value of one variable into another, demonstrated through an example of copying the value of 'my age' into 'her age', and emphasizes the importance of proper naming conventions for variables."]}, {'end': 2009.553, 'start': 1723.367, 'title': 'Java variable types tutorial', 'summary': 'Discusses camel case notation, types of variables in java including primitive types such as byte, short, integer, long, float, double, char, and boolean, with detailed size and range information, and explains how to declare and initialize variables with meaningful names and handle large numbers by using appropriate data types and suffixes in java.', 'duration': 286.186, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the camel case notation for declaring and initializing variables in Java, and introduces the next tutorial topic on various types in Java.', 'It details the types of primitive variables in Java, including byte, short, integer, long, float, double, char, and boolean, providing the memory size and value range for each type.', 'It emphasizes the importance of using meaningful and descriptive variable names and demonstrates handling large numbers by choosing appropriate data types and using suffixes in Java.', 'It illustrates the process of declaring variables for storing whole numbers and numbers with decimal points, and addresses potential compilation errors related to data types and suffixes in Java.']}, {'end': 2353.111, 'start': 2010.942, 'title': 'Java data types and classes', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of primitive and reference types in java, including examples of storing characters, boolean values, and instances of reference types, highlighting the distinction in memory allocation and member access.', 'duration': 342.169, 'highlights': ['Java has eight primitive types for storing simple values like numbers and boolean values.', 'Reference types in Java are used to store complex objects like data objects or mail messages.', 'The distinction between primitive and reference types lies in memory allocation, with primitive types not requiring manual allocation, whereas reference types necessitate the use of the new operator to allocate memory.', 'Objects in Java are instances of classes and have members that can be accessed using the dot operator, while primitive types do not have members.', 'The dot operator in Java allows access to the members of a class or object, and code snippets like s-o-u-t can be used as shortcuts for generating code.']}, {'end': 2918.557, 'start': 2359.318, 'title': 'Java data types & memory management', 'summary': 'Highlights the differences between primitive and reference types in java, emphasizing memory management, and demonstrates how reference types store memory addresses while primitive types store actual values. it also explores the usage of strings in java, showcasing string manipulation methods and their practical applications.', 'duration': 559.239, 'highlights': ['Java reference types store memory addresses while primitive types store actual values, impacting their independence and memory management.', 'Demonstration of how Java reference types allow variables to reference the same object in memory, leading to interconnected behavior.', 'Exploration of string manipulation methods in Java, including concatenation, length checking, and character replacement.']}], 'duration': 1365.856, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU341552701.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter details the types of primitive variables in Java, providing memory size and value range for each type.', 'Java has eight primitive types for storing simple values like numbers and boolean values.', "The chapter explains the purpose of variables in Java, emphasizing their role in temporarily storing data in the computer's memory.", 'The chapter discourages the practice of initializing multiple variables on the same line, emphasizing its negative impact on code readability.']}, {'end': 5326.015, 'segs': [{'end': 2973.438, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2943.844, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2956.121, 'text': 'So if we print our original string right after s-r-u-t, tab, message, you can see the original string is not changed.', 'start': 2943.844, 'duration': 12.277}, {'end': 2959.084, 'text': 'Because in Java, strings are immutable.', 'start': 2956.542, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 2961.426, 'text': 'We cannot mutate them, we cannot change them.', 'start': 2959.424, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 2966.571, 'text': 'So any methods that modify a string will always return a new string object.', 'start': 2961.967, 'duration': 4.604}, {'end': 2972.157, 'text': 'Okay? We also have another useful method, to lowercase.', 'start': 2967.332, 'duration': 4.825}, {'end': 2973.438, 'text': "Let's take a look.", 'start': 2972.817, 'duration': 0.621}], 'summary': 'In java, strings are immutable, any method modifying a string returns a new object.', 'duration': 29.594, 'max_score': 2943.844, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU342943844.jpg'}, {'end': 3826.96, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3799.815, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3803.038, 'text': "In this tutorial we're going to talk about arithmetic expressions in Java.", 'start': 3799.815, 'duration': 3.223}, {'end': 3806.982, 'text': 'So in Java we have the same arithmetic operators that we have in math.', 'start': 3803.599, 'duration': 3.383}, {'end': 3814.889, 'text': 'We have addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus which is the remainder of a division.', 'start': 3807.362, 'duration': 7.527}, {'end': 3816.331, 'text': "Let's look at a few examples.", 'start': 3815.29, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 3826.199, 'text': "So I'm going to declare an integer called result, and here we can type 10 plus 3, Now when we print result, it's going to be 13.", 'start': 3817.051, 'duration': 9.148}, {'end': 3826.96, 'text': 'Pretty straightforward.', 'start': 3826.199, 'duration': 0.761}], 'summary': 'Java arithmetic operators include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus. 10 + 3 equals 13.', 'duration': 27.145, 'max_score': 3799.815, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU343799815.jpg'}, {'end': 3982.409, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 3888.46, 'weight': 0.839, 'content': [{'end': 3894.756, 'text': 'Beautiful So these are the arithmetic operators, and these numbers that we have here are called operands.', 'start': 3888.46, 'duration': 6.296}, {'end': 3898.717, 'text': 'We also have increment and decrement operators, let me show you.', 'start': 3895.376, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 3909.301, 'text': "So I'm going to declare a new variable, int x, we set it to 1, now if you want to increase the value of x by 1, we use the increment operator.", 'start': 3899.337, 'duration': 9.964}, {'end': 3915.367, 'text': "now let's print this on a terminal, so we get 2, there you go.", 'start': 3909.961, 'duration': 5.406}, {'end': 3921.794, 'text': 'we can apply this operator as a post fix or as a prefix, and we get the same result.', 'start': 3915.367, 'duration': 6.427}, {'end': 3923.375, 'text': 'take a look 2,.', 'start': 3921.794, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 3928.561, 'text': 'however, if we use this on the right side of an assignment operator, we get different results.', 'start': 3923.375, 'duration': 5.186}, {'end': 3929.682, 'text': 'let me show you so.', 'start': 3928.561, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 3932.485, 'text': "I'm going to declare another variable y.", 'start': 3929.682, 'duration': 2.803}, {'end': 3934.226, 'text': 'we set it to x++.', 'start': 3932.485, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 3944.075, 'text': 'In this case, because we have applied the increment operator as a post fix, first the value of x will get copied to y, so y will be 1,', 'start': 3935.087, 'duration': 8.988}, {'end': 3947.499, 'text': 'and then x will be incremented by 1..', 'start': 3944.075, 'duration': 3.424}, {'end': 3954.085, 'text': 'So, if we print x and y, x is going to be 2, and y is going to be 1.', 'start': 3947.499, 'duration': 6.586}, {'end': 3954.425, 'text': 'Take a look.', 'start': 3954.085, 'duration': 0.34}, {'end': 3958.528, 'text': 'So x is 2 and y is 1, beautiful.', 'start': 3956.007, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 3969.494, 'text': 'However, if you apply this as a prefix, first, x will be incremented by 1, so it will be 2, and then it will be copied to y.', 'start': 3959.189, 'duration': 10.305}, {'end': 3972.556, 'text': 'So in this case, both x and y will be 2.', 'start': 3969.494, 'duration': 3.062}, {'end': 3972.936, 'text': 'Take a look.', 'start': 3972.556, 'duration': 0.38}, {'end': 3977.546, 'text': 'So we get 2 and 2.', 'start': 3975.437, 'duration': 2.109}, {'end': 3982.409, 'text': "Now, what if you want to increment x by more than 1? Let's say by 2.", 'start': 3977.546, 'duration': 4.863}], 'summary': 'Arithmetic operators and increment/decrement operators demonstrated with operands, showcasing postfix and prefix application.', 'duration': 93.949, 'max_score': 3888.46, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU343888460.jpg'}, {'end': 4315.403, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4290.347, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4297.752, 'text': "Okay? So, back to this chain, here we're going to have float, and then double.", 'start': 4290.347, 'duration': 7.405}, {'end': 4304.196, 'text': "So as a general rule of thumb, implicit casting happens whenever we're not going to lose data.", 'start': 4298.913, 'duration': 5.283}, {'end': 4305.937, 'text': 'There is no chance for data loss.', 'start': 4304.516, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 4309.82, 'text': 'Now, what if we want y to be an integer?', 'start': 4306.818, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 4313.822, 'text': "So in this example we don't care about the digits after the decimal point.", 'start': 4310.12, 'duration': 3.702}, {'end': 4315.403, 'text': 'we want to see 3 on the terminal.', 'start': 4313.822, 'duration': 1.581}], 'summary': 'Implicit casting ensures no data loss, allowing for specific output like 3 on the terminal.', 'duration': 25.056, 'max_score': 4290.347, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU344290347.jpg'}, {'end': 4554.233, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4526.777, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4529.518, 'text': "The first method I'm going to show you is the round method.", 'start': 4526.777, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 4533.02, 'text': 'And with this we can round a floating point number to a whole number.', 'start': 4530.099, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 4537.383, 'text': "So as you can see this method is overloaded, which means it's implemented twice.", 'start': 4533.48, 'duration': 3.903}, {'end': 4540.905, 'text': 'In the first implementation it takes a float and returns an int.', 'start': 4537.723, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 4545.207, 'text': 'In the second implementation it takes a double and returns a long.', 'start': 4541.585, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 4552.732, 'text': "So let's pass 1.1 as a float to this method and store the result in an integer.", 'start': 4545.828, 'duration': 6.904}, {'end': 4554.233, 'text': 'Like this.', 'start': 4553.913, 'duration': 0.32}], 'summary': 'The round method rounds floating point numbers to whole numbers and is overloaded, implemented twice for float and double, returning int and long respectively.', 'duration': 27.456, 'max_score': 4526.777, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU344526777.jpg'}, {'end': 4889.326, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 4794.431, 'weight': 0.82, 'content': [{'end': 4797.915, 'text': 'Quite often when we work with numbers, we need to format them as currency values.', 'start': 4794.431, 'duration': 3.484}, {'end': 4800.117, 'text': 'For example, we might have a number like this.', 'start': 4798.496, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 4802.16, 'text': 'Imagine this is the price of a product.', 'start': 4800.598, 'duration': 1.562}, {'end': 4808.267, 'text': 'To display this to the user, you want to add a dollar sign here and separate every three digits with a comma.', 'start': 4802.7, 'duration': 5.567}, {'end': 4814.705, 'text': 'or you might have a number like 0.1, and you want to represent this as a percentage value.', 'start': 4809.562, 'duration': 5.143}, {'end': 4818.867, 'text': 'So instead of 0.1 you want to display 10%.', 'start': 4815.285, 'duration': 3.582}, {'end': 4822.229, 'text': "So in this tutorial I'm going to show you how to format numbers in Java.", 'start': 4818.867, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 4828.672, 'text': 'We have this class number format that is defined in Java, the text package.', 'start': 4823.089, 'duration': 5.583}, {'end': 4833.175, 'text': 'in this package we have a lot of classes for handling text dates, numbers and so on.', 'start': 4828.672, 'duration': 4.503}, {'end': 4836.957, 'text': "So let's press enter here, it's important on the top, beautiful.", 'start': 4833.855, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 4846.523, 'text': "Now we want to declare a variable, so let's give this variable a name, currency, now we need to instantiate this, so new number format.", 'start': 4837.777, 'duration': 8.746}, {'end': 4849.806, 'text': "However, we get a compilation error here, let's take a look.", 'start': 4847.284, 'duration': 2.522}, {'end': 4853.629, 'text': 'Number format is abstract, it cannot be instantiated.', 'start': 4850.526, 'duration': 3.103}, {'end': 4860.916, 'text': "So in Java we have this concept of abstract classes, so some classes are abstract and they're basically like a half baked cake.", 'start': 4854.409, 'duration': 6.507}, {'end': 4864.02, 'text': 'We cannot use the new operator to create an instance of them.', 'start': 4861.277, 'duration': 2.743}, {'end': 4867.824, 'text': "We're going to talk about abstract classes and why they exist later in the course.", 'start': 4864.48, 'duration': 3.344}, {'end': 4873.19, 'text': "For now remember that we cannot create an instance of the number format class because it's abstract.", 'start': 4868.245, 'duration': 4.945}, {'end': 4876.093, 'text': 'So, there is another way, let me show you.', 'start': 4874.011, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 4880.958, 'text': 'This class has a bunch of methods that start with get.', 'start': 4877.054, 'duration': 3.904}, {'end': 4889.326, 'text': 'So we have get currency instance, and when we call this method, this will create an instance of the number format class and return it.', 'start': 4881.599, 'duration': 7.727}], 'summary': 'Learn how to format numbers in java using number format class and get methods.', 'duration': 94.895, 'max_score': 4794.431, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU344794431.jpg'}], 'start': 2919.138, 'title': 'Java fundamentals', 'summary': 'Covers java strings and arrays basics, java arithmetic operators, casting and type conversion, number formatting, and input reading. it includes methods for manipulating strings, arithmetic expressions, casting concepts, and handling various data types.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3793.179, 'start': 2919.138, 'title': 'Java strings and arrays basics', 'summary': 'Covers java strings and arrays basics, including methods to manipulate strings, special characters in strings, and the usage of arrays for storing and accessing data. it also explains the concept of constants to prevent variable value changes.', 'duration': 874.041, 'highlights': ['Java strings are immutable, and any methods that modify a string will always return a new string object.', 'The usage of escape sequences like backslash and double quote to include special characters in strings is demonstrated.', 'Arrays in Java are fixed in size and have a fixed length, and the use of arrays to store and access data is explained.', "The concept of constants is introduced, using the 'final' keyword to create constants that cannot be changed after initialization."]}, {'end': 4118.341, 'start': 3799.815, 'title': 'Java arithmetic operators', 'summary': 'Discusses arithmetic expressions in java, covering addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, increment and decrement operators, and the order of operations, with examples and practical demonstrations.', 'duration': 318.526, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses arithmetic expressions in Java, covering addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, increment and decrement operators, and the order of operations.', 'The multiplication and division operators have a higher priority, and in the given example, the expression 3 times 2 is evaluated first, resulting in 6, which is then added to 10, yielding a result of 16.', 'Demonstration of increment and decrement operators, showcasing both postfix and prefix usage, as well as their impact on assignment operations.']}, {'end': 4526.316, 'start': 4124.81, 'title': 'Casting and type conversion in java', 'summary': 'Explains the concepts of casting and type conversion in java, where it discusses implicit and explicit casting, compatibility of types, and the usage of wrapper classes for converting strings to numbers, with examples and explanations.', 'duration': 401.506, 'highlights': ["The chapter explains implicit and explicit casting, where it discusses that implicit casting happens whenever there's no chance for data loss, and explicit casting is used when the desired type is different from the result.", 'It discusses the compatibility of types for casting, mentioning that all numeric types are compatible for casting, but casting a string to a number is not possible.', 'The chapter explains the usage of wrapper classes for converting strings to their numeric representation, emphasizing the need for this conversion when dealing with user input in various application frameworks.']}, {'end': 5326.015, 'start': 4526.777, 'title': 'Java number formatting and input reading', 'summary': 'Covers rounding, ceiling, floor, max, min, random, number formatting, and input reading in java, demonstrating method overloading and handling various data types, including byte, string, and double.', 'duration': 799.238, 'highlights': ['Method overloading is demonstrated with round, ceiling, floor, max, min, random, and formatting methods, handling various data types, including float, double, long, integer, and string.', 'The importance of explicit casting is explained, especially when dealing with different data types and their memory representations.', 'The usage of the number format class for formatting currencies and percentages is demonstrated, along with method chaining to simplify the process.', 'The scanner class is utilized for reading user input, showcasing methods for reading different data types such as byte, boolean, and string, with examples and explanations.', 'The importance of choosing the appropriate method for reading specific data types is emphasized, highlighting the need for caution when dealing with different data types to avoid exceptions.']}], 'duration': 2406.877, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU342919138.jpg', 'highlights': ['Java strings are immutable, and any methods that modify a string will always return a new string object.', 'The chapter discusses arithmetic expressions in Java, covering addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, increment and decrement operators, and the order of operations.', "The chapter explains implicit and explicit casting, where it discusses that implicit casting happens whenever there's no chance for data loss, and explicit casting is used when the desired type is different from the result.", 'Method overloading is demonstrated with round, ceiling, floor, max, min, random, and formatting methods, handling various data types, including float, double, long, integer, and string.']}, {'end': 5921.526, 'segs': [{'end': 5426.635, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5395.812, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5400.736, 'text': "Now what if I type a few spaces before my name? Let's see what happens.", 'start': 5395.812, 'duration': 4.924}, {'end': 5405.446, 'text': 'So those spaces also appear here, and this looks a little bit odd.', 'start': 5402.185, 'duration': 3.261}, {'end': 5412.549, 'text': 'This is where we use the trim method, remember? With trim we can get rid of all these white spaces before or after a string.', 'start': 5405.826, 'duration': 6.723}, {'end': 5418.431, 'text': 'So this next line method returns a string that we are storing in this variable right?', 'start': 5413.189, 'duration': 5.242}, {'end': 5426.635, 'text': 'Now, just before storing the result in this variable here, we can use the dot operator to access the members of this string object.', 'start': 5419.132, 'duration': 7.503}], 'summary': 'Using the trim method to remove leading and trailing white spaces from a string.', 'duration': 30.823, 'max_score': 5395.812, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU345395812.jpg'}, {'end': 5477.658, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5451.486, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5455.949, 'text': 'I want you to use what you have learned in this section and build a mortgage calculator like this.', 'start': 5451.486, 'duration': 4.463}, {'end': 5458.951, 'text': 'So when we run this program, we get a few questions.', 'start': 5456.55, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 5463.094, 'text': 'The first question is the principal or the amount of loan we want to get.', 'start': 5459.491, 'duration': 3.603}, {'end': 5466.576, 'text': "Let's say $100, 000.", 'start': 5463.694, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 5469.117, 'text': 'The second question is the annual interest rate.', 'start': 5466.576, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 5470.637, 'text': "Let's say 3.92%.", 'start': 5469.697, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 5475.118, 'text': 'And the third question is period in years.', 'start': 5470.637, 'duration': 4.481}, {'end': 5477.658, 'text': "Let's say we want to get a loan for 30 years.", 'start': 5475.758, 'duration': 1.9}], 'summary': 'Build a mortgage calculator to calculate a $100,000 loan at 3.92% annual interest for 30 years.', 'duration': 26.172, 'max_score': 5451.486, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU345451486.jpg'}, {'end': 5529.993, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5496.845, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5499.046, 'text': "It's called calculate mortgage payments.", 'start': 5496.845, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 5500.807, 'text': "So let's see how this works.", 'start': 5499.727, 'duration': 1.08}, {'end': 5509.193, 'text': "Mortgage equals P or principal or the amount we're going to loan multiplied by R, which is our monthly interest rate.", 'start': 5501.508, 'duration': 7.685}, {'end': 5510.493, 'text': 'This is very important.', 'start': 5509.393, 'duration': 1.1}, {'end': 5513.996, 'text': 'So this number that we get here is our annual interest rate.', 'start': 5510.994, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 5516.357, 'text': 'We need to divide this by 12.', 'start': 5514.416, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 5524.387, 'text': 'Also, take into account that this number is represented as a percent, to calculate the actual interest rate, you need to divide this number by 100.', 'start': 5516.357, 'duration': 8.03}, {'end': 5529.993, 'text': 'So in this example, the interest rate is 0.0392.', 'start': 5524.387, 'duration': 5.606}], 'summary': 'Calculate mortgage payments using principal and monthly interest rate.', 'duration': 33.148, 'max_score': 5496.845, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU345496845.jpg'}, {'end': 5663.909, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5631.67, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 5634.571, 'text': 'someone else reading this code would wonder what is this 4 doing here?', 'start': 5631.67, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 5635.671, 'text': 'what is 12?', 'start': 5634.571, 'duration': 1.1}, {'end': 5641.752, 'text': "Now, it's quite obvious to you that 12 is the number of months in a year, but trust me, sometimes other people cannot see this straight away.", 'start': 5635.671, 'duration': 6.081}, {'end': 5649.994, 'text': 'So, as a best practice, avoid magic numbers in your code, always use constants or final variables to describe them.', 'start': 5642.352, 'duration': 7.642}, {'end': 5653.635, 'text': "So let's revert this back all right.", 'start': 5651.374, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 5663.909, 'text': "So, after declaring this constant, so I've created this scanner object here we ask the first question principle and we read the answer as an integer.", 'start': 5654.767, 'duration': 9.142}], 'summary': 'Avoid magic numbers in code, use constants, 12 represents the number of months in a year.', 'duration': 32.239, 'max_score': 5631.67, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU345631670.jpg'}, {'end': 5724.411, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5692.907, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 5697.954, 'text': 'So we get the annual interest, and then based on that, we calculate the monthly interest.', 'start': 5692.907, 'duration': 5.047}, {'end': 5700.695, 'text': 'Also see how I have named my variables.', 'start': 5698.654, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 5704.017, 'text': 'all variables have a proper, meaningful names.', 'start': 5700.695, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 5705.378, 'text': 'there are no magic words here.', 'start': 5704.017, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 5712.822, 'text': 'like mi, as, in short, for monthly interest or m1 or m2, do not use magic names for your variables.', 'start': 5705.378, 'duration': 7.444}, {'end': 5715.403, 'text': 'always use meaningful and descriptive names.', 'start': 5712.822, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 5724.411, 'text': 'Alright, next, we get the period, we read this as a byte, because the maximum number we want to support is 30.', 'start': 5716.844, 'duration': 7.567}], 'summary': 'Annual interest is used to calculate monthly interest. meaningful variable names are emphasized. period is read as a byte, with a maximum support of 30.', 'duration': 31.504, 'max_score': 5692.907, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU345692907.jpg'}, {'end': 5816.339, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5784.253, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5787.074, 'text': 'but I decided to do this to increase the readability of this code.', 'start': 5784.253, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 5789.115, 'text': 'Otherwise this line would be so long.', 'start': 5787.574, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 5791.896, 'text': "But that's just my personal preference, you don't have to follow this.", 'start': 5789.435, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 5795.64, 'text': 'Alright, so this was my implementation of the mortgage calculator.', 'start': 5792.916, 'duration': 2.724}, {'end': 5799.025, 'text': 'However, this program has a number of problems.', 'start': 5796.461, 'duration': 2.564}, {'end': 5801.668, 'text': 'The first problem is input validation.', 'start': 5799.525, 'duration': 2.143}, {'end': 5810.477, 'text': 'So, if you run this, and enter a non-numeric value like xyz, our program crashes.', 'start': 5802.269, 'duration': 8.208}, {'end': 5816.339, 'text': 'Or as another example, if we enter a negative value here, our program is not going to behave properly.', 'start': 5811.338, 'duration': 5.001}], 'summary': 'Implemented mortgage calculator with input validation issues.', 'duration': 32.086, 'max_score': 5784.253, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU345784253.jpg'}, {'end': 5894.332, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5863.92, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5866.004, 'text': 'I hope you learned a lot and been enjoying the course so far.', 'start': 5863.92, 'duration': 2.084}, {'end': 5870.791, 'text': "In the next section, we're going to look at conditional statements for controlling the flow of our programs.", 'start': 5866.384, 'duration': 4.407}, {'end': 5872.374, 'text': 'So, I will see you in the next section.', 'start': 5871.192, 'duration': 1.182}, {'end': 5882.828, 'text': 'Hey, Mosh here.', 'start': 5882.108, 'duration': 0.72}, {'end': 5884.589, 'text': 'I just want to make a quick announcement.', 'start': 5883.148, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 5889.311, 'text': "This course you've been watching is actually the beginning of my complete Java series.", 'start': 5884.969, 'duration': 4.342}, {'end': 5894.332, 'text': 'In this course, we only talk about the basics, but in my complete series, we go way beyond that.', 'start': 5889.951, 'duration': 4.381}], 'summary': 'Introduction to upcoming course section on conditional statements in java by mosh', 'duration': 30.412, 'max_score': 5863.92, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU345863920.jpg'}], 'start': 5326.735, 'title': 'String manipulation, method chaining, and building a mortgage calculator', 'summary': 'Covers string manipulation, method chaining, and building a mortgage calculator in java. it demonstrates the use of methods for manipulating strings and emphasizes improving user input experience. additionally, it discusses user input, variable data types, and the calculation of monthly payments in the context of building a mortgage calculator.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5450.966, 'start': 5326.735, 'title': 'String manipulation and method chaining', 'summary': 'Covers string manipulation and method chaining in java, demonstrating the use of methods such as renaming, next line, and trim to manipulate strings, with a focus on improving user input experience and output formatting.', 'duration': 124.231, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers string manipulation and method chaining in Java', 'Demonstrating the use of methods such as renaming, next line, and trim', 'Improving user input experience and output formatting']}, {'end': 5921.526, 'start': 5451.486, 'title': 'Building a mortgage calculator', 'summary': 'Discusses building a mortgage calculator using java, covering the user input, variable data types, calculation of monthly payments, and the importance of avoiding magic numbers and using constants in the code.', 'duration': 470.04, 'highlights': ['The program calculates monthly payments for a mortgage based on user input of principal, annual interest rate, and period in years.', 'The formula for calculating mortgage payments is explained, involving the monthly interest rate, the number of payments, and the utilization of the pow method from the math class.', 'The importance of using constants instead of magic numbers in the code is emphasized, ensuring clarity and understanding for other developers.', 'The significance of appropriate variable naming and data type selection is highlighted, ensuring meaningful and descriptive variable names and optimal data type usage.']}], 'duration': 594.791, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU345326735.jpg', 'highlights': ['The program calculates monthly payments for a mortgage based on user input of principal, annual interest rate, and period in years.', 'The chapter covers string manipulation and method chaining in Java', 'The formula for calculating mortgage payments is explained, involving the monthly interest rate, the number of payments, and the utilization of the pow method from the math class.', 'Demonstrating the use of methods such as renaming, next line, and trim', 'Improving user input experience and output formatting', 'The importance of using constants instead of magic numbers in the code is emphasized, ensuring clarity and understanding for other developers.', 'The significance of appropriate variable naming and data type selection is highlighted, ensuring meaningful and descriptive variable names and optimal data type usage.']}, {'end': 7199.166, 'segs': [{'end': 5952.519, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5924.042, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5929.386, 'text': "In this section we're going to look at control flow or controlling the flow of execution of our programs.", 'start': 5924.042, 'duration': 5.344}, {'end': 5934.289, 'text': "We're going to start off by talking about comparison operators for comparing values.", 'start': 5929.946, 'duration': 4.343}, {'end': 5939.833, 'text': "then we're going to talk about logical operators like the logical and logical or and logical not.", 'start': 5934.289, 'duration': 5.544}, {'end': 5943.336, 'text': 'We use these operators for implementing real world rules.', 'start': 5940.273, 'duration': 3.063}, {'end': 5947.497, 'text': "And then we're going to talk about three different types of control flow statements.", 'start': 5944.016, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 5952.519, 'text': "We're going to talk about conditional statements for making decisions in our programs,", 'start': 5947.797, 'duration': 4.722}], 'summary': 'Introducing control flow with comparison and logical operators, and conditional statements.', 'duration': 28.477, 'max_score': 5924.042, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU345924042.jpg'}, {'end': 6021.494, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5993.785, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5996.986, 'text': "So, first, I'm going to add this print line statement.", 'start': 5993.785, 'duration': 3.201}, {'end': 6001.968, 'text': 'Now to compare these variables we type x equals y.', 'start': 5997.946, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 6005.309, 'text': 'So here we have two equal signs, and this is the equality operator.', 'start': 6001.968, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 6009.45, 'text': "Don't confuse this with the single equal sign that we use for assignment.", 'start': 6005.729, 'duration': 3.721}, {'end': 6011.831, 'text': 'That is the operator used over here.', 'start': 6009.85, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 6016.172, 'text': 'So, two equal signs represents the equality operator.', 'start': 6013.071, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 6021.494, 'text': 'Now when we run this program, we get true, because these values are equal.', 'start': 6016.792, 'duration': 4.702}], 'summary': 'Adding print line, comparing variables, 2 equal signs represent equality operator. result: true.', 'duration': 27.709, 'max_score': 5993.785, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU345993785.jpg'}, {'end': 6371.389, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6342.788, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6347.731, 'text': 'So as you can see, these logical operators are very useful in implementing real world rules.', 'start': 6342.788, 'duration': 4.943}, {'end': 6350.432, 'text': "Next we're going to talk about if statements.", 'start': 6348.531, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 6359.464, 'text': "In this tutorial, we're going to look at if statements in Java.", 'start': 6356.758, 'duration': 2.706}, {'end': 6366.618, 'text': 'If statements are extremely important because they allow us to build programs that can make decisions based on certain conditions.', 'start': 6360.085, 'duration': 6.533}, {'end': 6367.801, 'text': "Here's an example.", 'start': 6367.159, 'duration': 0.642}, {'end': 6371.389, 'text': 'In this file we have a bunch of conditions.', 'start': 6369.028, 'duration': 2.361}], 'summary': 'Logical operators useful in real world rules. if statements in java allow building programs to make decisions based on conditions.', 'duration': 28.601, 'max_score': 6342.788, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU346342788.jpg'}, {'end': 6650.211, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6622.048, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6626.511, 'text': "In this tutorial I'm going to show you a very cool technique for simplifying if statements.", 'start': 6622.048, 'duration': 4.463}, {'end': 6632.415, 'text': "So let's start by declaring a variable called income and set it to 120, 000.", 'start': 6627.332, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 6639.74, 'text': 'Now here we can use an underscore in between these three digits to make our code more readable.', 'start': 6632.415, 'duration': 7.325}, {'end': 6646.167, 'text': "Now let's say we want to declare a boolean variable called has high income.", 'start': 6640.561, 'duration': 5.606}, {'end': 6650.211, 'text': 'if the income is more than $100, 000, you want to set this to true.', 'start': 6646.167, 'duration': 4.044}], 'summary': 'Tutorial on simplifying if statements with variable income set at $120,000.', 'duration': 28.163, 'max_score': 6622.048, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU346622048.jpg'}], 'start': 5924.042, 'title': 'Control flow in java', 'summary': 'Covers comparison and logical operators, conditional statements, loops, and error handling in java programs, aiming to implement real-world rules and improve the mortgage calculator. it also focuses on java comparison and logical operators, if statements, simplifying if statements, and role-based conditional statements, providing examples and techniques for better code readability and decision-making.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5960.882, 'start': 5924.042, 'title': 'Control flow basics', 'summary': 'Covers comparison and logical operators, conditional statements, loops, and error handling in programs, aiming to implement real-world rules and improve the mortgage calculator.', 'duration': 36.84, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers comparison and logical operators used for implementing real-world rules.', 'It discusses three types of control flow statements: conditional statements, loops, and error handling in the mortgage calculator.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of controlling the flow of execution in programs.']}, {'end': 6342.048, 'start': 5961.682, 'title': 'Java comparison and logical operators', 'summary': 'Covers comparison and logical operators in java, highlighting their usage and outcomes, such as equality, inequality, and combining multiple boolean expressions to determine eligibility for a loan.', 'duration': 380.366, 'highlights': ['The equality operator (==) is used to compare two values in Java, resulting in a boolean expression, for example, x equals y evaluates to true when x and y are equal.', 'The logical and operator (&&) is used to combine multiple boolean expressions, returning true only if all conditions are met, demonstrated in the context of checking the eligibility for a loan based on income and credit.', 'The or operator (||) is utilized to determine eligibility for a loan based on either high income or good credit, returning true if at least one condition is true, with Java evaluating the expression from left to right.', 'The not operator (!) is demonstrated to reverse a boolean value, for example, ensuring an applicant has no criminal record to be eligible for a loan.']}, {'end': 6615.679, 'start': 6342.788, 'title': 'Java if statements tutorial', 'summary': 'Introduces if statements in java, highlighting their importance in decision-making and providing examples with temperature conditions and code formatting, emphasizing the removal of unnecessary code and better formatting for easier readability.', 'duration': 272.891, 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces if statements and their importance in decision-making for building programs.', 'An example with temperature conditions is provided, showcasing the use of if, else if, and else clauses in Java.', 'The tutorial emphasizes the importance of code formatting and the removal of unnecessary code for easier readability.']}, {'end': 6988.479, 'start': 6622.048, 'title': 'Simplify if statements tutorial', 'summary': 'Demonstrates a technique for simplifying if statements by using boolean expressions and the ternary operator in java, showing improvements in code readability and elegance.', 'duration': 366.431, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains how to declare and assign a boolean variable based on a given income, with the initial income set to $120,000, and then simplifying the code by using boolean expressions and removing unnecessary if statements.', 'It demonstrates the use of the ternary operator in Java to assign values to a string variable based on a condition, simplifying the code by eliminating the need for if-else statements.', 'The tutorial introduces the concept of switch statements in Java for executing different parts of code based on the value of an expression.']}, {'end': 7199.166, 'start': 6988.919, 'title': 'Role-based conditional statements', 'summary': 'Discusses implementing role-based features using if and switch statements, comparing their syntax and usage, and explaining the use of integers in switch cases, with a demonstration of role comparison with strings and integers.', 'duration': 210.247, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses implementing role-based features using if and switch statements', 'explaining the use of integers in switch cases, with a demonstration of role comparison with strings and integers', 'comparing their syntax and usage']}], 'duration': 1275.124, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU345924042.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter covers comparison and logical operators used for implementing real-world rules.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of controlling the flow of execution in programs.', 'The chapter introduces if statements and their importance in decision-making for building programs.', 'The chapter explains how to declare and assign a boolean variable based on a given income, with the initial income set to $120,000, and then simplifying the code by using boolean expressions and removing unnecessary if statements.', 'The equality operator (==) is used to compare two values in Java, resulting in a boolean expression, for example, x equals y evaluates to true when x and y are equal.']}, {'end': 7869.014, 'segs': [{'end': 7252.502, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7199.166, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7204.803, 'text': 'So as you can see, with switch statements we can execute different code depending on the value of an expression.', 'start': 7199.166, 'duration': 5.637}, {'end': 7212.532, 'text': "Alright, now it's time for an exercise.", 'start': 7211.212, 'duration': 1.32}, {'end': 7216.393, 'text': "This exercise I'm going to give you is a popular interview question.", 'start': 7213.112, 'duration': 3.281}, {'end': 7219.234, 'text': 'So I want you to write a program that behaves like this.', 'start': 7217.013, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 7221.034, 'text': 'Here we should enter a number.', 'start': 7219.914, 'duration': 1.12}, {'end': 7225.495, 'text': 'If this number is divisible by 5, we get fizz.', 'start': 7221.635, 'duration': 3.86}, {'end': 7231.217, 'text': 'So if you run the program again and enter 10, once again we get fizz.', 'start': 7226.116, 'duration': 5.101}, {'end': 7236.678, 'text': 'Now, if this number is divisible by 3, we get buzz.', 'start': 7232.077, 'duration': 4.601}, {'end': 7243.94, 'text': 'if this number is divisible by both 5 and 3, like 15 or 30 or whatever, we get fizz buzz.', 'start': 7236.678, 'duration': 7.262}, {'end': 7252.502, 'text': 'and if this number is not divisible by 5 or 3, like 2, we get the same number printed on the terminal.', 'start': 7243.94, 'duration': 8.562}], 'summary': 'Teaching switch statements and implementing fizz buzz program.', 'duration': 53.336, 'max_score': 7199.166, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU347199166.jpg'}, {'end': 7431.363, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7404.686, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7411.769, 'text': 'So in situations like this, you should have the most specific conditions on the top, and the most generic ones on the bottom.', 'start': 7404.686, 'duration': 7.083}, {'end': 7415.751, 'text': 'In this case, we want to move this condition to the top.', 'start': 7412.67, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 7425.579, 'text': "So if the number is divisible by 5 and 3, we're going to print fizzbuzz, so this is very specific.", 'start': 7416.591, 'duration': 8.988}, {'end': 7431.363, 'text': 'Otherwise, if the number is only divisible by 5, we print fizz.', 'start': 7426.199, 'duration': 5.164}], 'summary': 'Prioritize specific conditions over generic ones for efficient code execution.', 'duration': 26.677, 'max_score': 7404.686, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU347404686.jpg'}, {'end': 7823.476, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7769.486, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 7781.257, 'text': 'So, we initialize i to 5, and execute this loop as long as i is greater than 0, but here instead of incrementing i, we decrement it.', 'start': 7769.486, 'duration': 11.771}, {'end': 7787.261, 'text': 'Now, we get hello world 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.', 'start': 7782.257, 'duration': 5.004}, {'end': 7788.763, 'text': 'So this is all about for loops.', 'start': 7787.262, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 7790.685, 'text': "Next we're going to look at while loops.", 'start': 7789.264, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 7799.901, 'text': "In this tutorial we're going to talk about while loops in Java.", 'start': 7797.099, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 7805.725, 'text': "While loops are very similar to for loops in terms of their functionality, but they're different in terms of syntax.", 'start': 7800.521, 'duration': 5.204}, {'end': 7806.445, 'text': 'Let me show you.', 'start': 7805.985, 'duration': 0.46}, {'end': 7812.229, 'text': "So we're going to continue with the example from the last tutorial, I'm going to rewrite this code using a while loop.", 'start': 7806.986, 'duration': 5.243}, {'end': 7823.476, 'text': 'So, first we declare a loop variable, and i, we initialize it to 0, next we type while, and here in parenthesis we type our loop condition.', 'start': 7812.889, 'duration': 10.587}], 'summary': 'Tutorial on for and while loops in java, with example of decrementing for loop and introduction to while loop.', 'duration': 53.99, 'max_score': 7769.486, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU347769486.jpg'}], 'start': 7199.166, 'title': 'Java loops and fizzbuzz', 'summary': 'Covers switch statements, fizz buzz exercise, optimizing fizzbuzz program, and java for and while loops. it discusses the usage of switch statements, optimizing fizzbuzz program, and the usage of for and while loops in java, emphasizing their functionality and differences.', 'chapters': [{'end': 7252.502, 'start': 7199.166, 'title': 'Switch statements and fizz buzz exercise', 'summary': "Discusses the use of switch statements to execute different code based on the value of an expression, followed by an exercise to create a program that produces specific outputs based on divisibility by 3 and 5, including the popular 'fizz buzz' sequence.", 'duration': 53.336, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the use of switch statements to execute different code based on the value of an expression.', "An exercise is given to write a program that produces specific outputs based on divisibility by 3 and 5, including the popular 'fizz buzz' sequence."]}, {'end': 7554.121, 'start': 7253.142, 'title': 'Optimizing fizzbuzz program', 'summary': 'Discusses an example of optimizing the fizzbuzz program, identifying a bug in the original solution, and presents two alternative approaches to solving the problem, emphasizing the trade-offs between repetition and nested structures in code.', 'duration': 300.979, 'highlights': ["The original FizzBuzz program has a bug where a number divisible by both 3 and 5 results in 'fizz' being printed instead of 'fizzbuzz'.", 'The importance of having the most specific conditions on top and the most generic ones at the bottom is emphasized in optimizing the FizzBuzz program.', 'Two alternative approaches to solving the FizzBuzz problem are presented, each with its own trade-offs in terms of repetition and code readability.']}, {'end': 7869.014, 'start': 7555.061, 'title': 'Java for and while loops', 'summary': 'Explains the usage of for and while loops in java, highlighting how to repeat statements using for and while loops, and the differences in syntax and functionality between the two types of loops.', 'duration': 313.953, 'highlights': ["The for loop in Java is used to repeat one or more statements a specified number of times, using a loop variable to control the iteration, with the syntax 'for (initialization; condition; update)' and can be used to print messages multiple times, such as 'hello world', achieving the same result as using a while loop but with a cleaner and more concise implementation.", "The while loop in Java is similar to the for loop in terms of functionality but differs in syntax, using the structure 'while (condition) { // code block }' to repeat a specific set of statements while a specified condition is true, and is better suited for situations where the number of repetitions is unknown.", 'The chapter also emphasizes the importance of using for loops when the number of repetitions is known in advance, as it provides a cleaner and more concise implementation, while while loops are better suited for scenarios where the exact number of repetitions may not be predetermined.']}], 'duration': 669.848, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU347199166.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the use of switch statements to execute different code based on the value of an expression.', "An exercise is given to write a program that produces specific outputs based on divisibility by 3 and 5, including the popular 'fizz buzz' sequence.", "The original FizzBuzz program has a bug where a number divisible by both 3 and 5 results in 'fizz' being printed instead of 'fizzbuzz'.", 'The importance of having the most specific conditions on top and the most generic ones at the bottom is emphasized in optimizing the FizzBuzz program.', "The for loop in Java is used to repeat one or more statements a specified number of times, using a loop variable to control the iteration, with the syntax 'for (initialization; condition; update)' and can be used to print messages multiple times, such as 'hello world', achieving the same result as using a while loop but with a cleaner and more concise implementation.", "The while loop in Java is similar to the for loop in terms of functionality but differs in syntax, using the structure 'while (condition) { // code block }' to repeat a specific set of statements while a specified condition is true, and is better suited for situations where the number of repetitions is unknown."]}, {'end': 9040.17, 'segs': [{'end': 7892.724, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7869.014, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 7876.019, 'text': "for example, let's say we're going to write a program and ask the user to continuously enter something until they type quit.", 'start': 7869.014, 'duration': 7.005}, {'end': 7879.142, 'text': "the moment they type quit, we're going to terminate the program.", 'start': 7876.019, 'duration': 3.123}, {'end': 7883.325, 'text': "in that situation, we don't know how many times the user is going to enter something.", 'start': 7879.142, 'duration': 4.183}, {'end': 7886.147, 'text': "so let's write that program using a while loop.", 'start': 7883.325, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 7887.388, 'text': "i'm going to delete everything from here.", 'start': 7886.147, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 7892.724, 'text': "Alright, we're going to start with our while loop.", 'start': 7890.222, 'duration': 2.502}], 'summary': "Program uses while loop to continuously prompt user until 'quit' is typed.", 'duration': 23.71, 'max_score': 7869.014, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU347869014.jpg'}, {'end': 7938.393, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7915.146, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 7923.389, 'text': 'Now, this code is not going to work because input is a string which is a reference type and we cannot use comparison operators between reference types.', 'start': 7915.146, 'duration': 8.243}, {'end': 7928.25, 'text': 'Because these operators will compare the address of our string objects, not their value.', 'start': 7923.729, 'duration': 4.521}, {'end': 7934.312, 'text': 'So if you have two strings quit and quit but stored in different memory locations that have different addresses,', 'start': 7928.77, 'duration': 5.542}, {'end': 7938.393, 'text': 'So we can use the inequality operator to compare their value.', 'start': 7935.012, 'duration': 3.381}], 'summary': 'Comparison operators cannot be used between reference types like strings, use inequality operator for comparison.', 'duration': 23.247, 'max_score': 7915.146, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU347915146.jpg'}, {'end': 8017.48, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7987.524, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 7991.967, 'text': "so if the user enters 10 numbers, we're going to create 10 scanner objects in memory.", 'start': 7987.524, 'duration': 4.443}, {'end': 7996.93, 'text': "This is unnecessary, and it's actually a bad practice because it's going to pollute our memory.", 'start': 7992.327, 'duration': 4.603}, {'end': 8003.835, 'text': "So it's better to create the scanner object outside of our while loop, and then simply use it here.", 'start': 7997.631, 'duration': 6.204}, {'end': 8009.217, 'text': "Also here we're assuming that the user is typing everything in lower case.", 'start': 8004.935, 'duration': 4.282}, {'end': 8017.48, 'text': 'so if they type quit in upper case or any combinations of lower case and upper case characters, this logic is not going to work the way we want.', 'start': 8009.217, 'duration': 8.263}], 'summary': 'Creating 10 scanner objects in memory is unnecessary and bad practice. scanner object should be created outside the while loop. user input case variations should be considered for logic to work properly.', 'duration': 29.956, 'max_score': 7987.524, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU347987524.jpg'}, {'end': 8121.1, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8091.326, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8093.167, 'text': 'And then we terminate this using a semicolon.', 'start': 8091.326, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 8097.793, 'text': "Now inside the body of this loop, we'll simply copy all these lines we have here.", 'start': 8094.005, 'duration': 3.788}, {'end': 8104.166, 'text': 'Now compare these two types of loops.', 'start': 8102.602, 'duration': 1.564}, {'end': 8107.451, 'text': 'With while loops, we check the condition first.', 'start': 8104.909, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 8112.114, 'text': 'So if the condition is false the first time, this loop will never get executed.', 'start': 8107.951, 'duration': 4.163}, {'end': 8116.537, 'text': 'In contrast, with do while loops, we check the condition last.', 'start': 8112.894, 'duration': 3.643}, {'end': 8121.1, 'text': 'So, do while loops always get executed at least once.', 'start': 8117.197, 'duration': 3.903}], 'summary': 'Comparison of while and do while loops, emphasizing do while loops always execute at least once.', 'duration': 29.774, 'max_score': 8091.326, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU348091326.jpg'}, {'end': 8196.093, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8165.917, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 8170.159, 'text': 'One way to solve this problem is to check the input before printing it.', 'start': 8165.917, 'duration': 4.242}, {'end': 8177.143, 'text': 'So here we can type an if statement, if the input does not equal quit, then we print it.', 'start': 8170.72, 'duration': 6.423}, {'end': 8182.286, 'text': 'So, not equal input dot equals quit.', 'start': 8178.044, 'duration': 4.242}, {'end': 8186.609, 'text': "If this condition is true, then we're going to print the input.", 'start': 8183.387, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 8187.949, 'text': "Let's take a look.", 'start': 8187.449, 'duration': 0.5}, {'end': 8193.452, 'text': 'So, 1, 2, quit, beautiful, we solved the problem.', 'start': 8188.79, 'duration': 4.662}, {'end': 8196.093, 'text': 'There is another way to solve this problem as well.', 'start': 8194.153, 'duration': 1.94}], 'summary': "Solving the problem by checking input before print. if input not equal to 'quit', then print. alternative solution available.", 'duration': 30.176, 'max_score': 8165.917, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU348165917.jpg'}, {'end': 8325.677, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 8232.109, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8236.052, 'text': 'We also have the continue statement that moves control to the beginning of a loop.', 'start': 8232.109, 'duration': 3.943}, {'end': 8236.951, 'text': 'Let me show you.', 'start': 8236.492, 'duration': 0.459}, {'end': 8243.457, 'text': "So let's imagine if the user types pass, we don't want to echo that, but also we don't want to terminate the loop.", 'start': 8237.633, 'duration': 5.824}, {'end': 8245.759, 'text': 'You want to ask the user to try one more time.', 'start': 8243.897, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 8255.225, 'text': 'So after we read the input, we can check to see if input equals pass, this is where we use the continuous statement.', 'start': 8246.558, 'duration': 8.667}, {'end': 8259.767, 'text': 'When java sees this, it will move control to the beginning of the loop.', 'start': 8255.924, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 8266.11, 'text': 'So all these other statements are going to get ignored, and what the user types is not going to get printed on the terminal.', 'start': 8260.467, 'duration': 5.643}, {'end': 8268.79, 'text': "Let's run the program and see this in action.", 'start': 8266.889, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 8276.093, 'text': "So we type 1, 2, pass, it doesn't get echoed back, one more time, and finally quit.", 'start': 8269.531, 'duration': 6.562}, {'end': 8284.362, 'text': 'So to recap, the break statement terminates a loop and the continuous statement moves control to the beginning of a loop.', 'start': 8277.662, 'duration': 6.7}, {'end': 8287.866, 'text': 'Now one last thing before we finish this tutorial.', 'start': 8285.305, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 8293.968, 'text': "in this implementation, we don't really need this loop condition, because the moment user types quit,", 'start': 8287.866, 'duration': 6.102}, {'end': 8296.591, 'text': 'this break statement is going to kick in and terminate the loop.', 'start': 8293.968, 'duration': 2.623}, {'end': 8302.754, 'text': 'So we can simplify this code by using a true as our loop condition.', 'start': 8297.05, 'duration': 5.704}, {'end': 8308.857, 'text': 'So this is always true, and this loop is going to get executed forever until the user types quit.', 'start': 8303.494, 'duration': 5.363}, {'end': 8313.145, 'text': 'This is a very common technique that you see amongst professional programmers.', 'start': 8309.621, 'duration': 3.524}, {'end': 8318.23, 'text': "Just remember, if you're using this technique, make sure to have a break statement,", 'start': 8313.646, 'duration': 4.584}, {'end': 8321.513, 'text': 'otherwise you will end up with an infinite loop that executes forever.', 'start': 8318.23, 'duration': 3.283}, {'end': 8322.654, 'text': 'It never terminates.', 'start': 8321.733, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 8325.677, 'text': 'And that can be very dangerous in terms of memory consumption.', 'start': 8323.035, 'duration': 2.642}], 'summary': 'Using continue and break statements in loops for control flow.', 'duration': 93.568, 'max_score': 8232.109, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU348232109.jpg'}, {'end': 8266.11, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8237.633, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 8243.457, 'text': "So let's imagine if the user types pass, we don't want to echo that, but also we don't want to terminate the loop.", 'start': 8237.633, 'duration': 5.824}, {'end': 8245.759, 'text': 'You want to ask the user to try one more time.', 'start': 8243.897, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 8255.225, 'text': 'So after we read the input, we can check to see if input equals pass, this is where we use the continuous statement.', 'start': 8246.558, 'duration': 8.667}, {'end': 8259.767, 'text': 'When java sees this, it will move control to the beginning of the loop.', 'start': 8255.924, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 8266.11, 'text': 'So all these other statements are going to get ignored, and what the user types is not going to get printed on the terminal.', 'start': 8260.467, 'duration': 5.643}], 'summary': "In java, using the continue statement allows the program to move control to the beginning of the loop if the user inputs 'pass', thus ignoring the subsequent statements and not printing the input.", 'duration': 28.477, 'max_score': 8237.633, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU348237633.jpg'}, {'end': 8313.145, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8285.305, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 8287.866, 'text': 'Now one last thing before we finish this tutorial.', 'start': 8285.305, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 8293.968, 'text': "in this implementation, we don't really need this loop condition, because the moment user types quit,", 'start': 8287.866, 'duration': 6.102}, {'end': 8296.591, 'text': 'this break statement is going to kick in and terminate the loop.', 'start': 8293.968, 'duration': 2.623}, {'end': 8302.754, 'text': 'So we can simplify this code by using a true as our loop condition.', 'start': 8297.05, 'duration': 5.704}, {'end': 8308.857, 'text': 'So this is always true, and this loop is going to get executed forever until the user types quit.', 'start': 8303.494, 'duration': 5.363}, {'end': 8313.145, 'text': 'This is a very common technique that you see amongst professional programmers.', 'start': 8309.621, 'duration': 3.524}], 'summary': "In the tutorial, the code uses a while loop with a simplified condition, executing forever until the user types 'quit'.", 'duration': 27.84, 'max_score': 8285.305, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU348285305.jpg'}, {'end': 8356.117, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8326.338, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8329.7, 'text': "So if you're using while true, make sure you have a break statement in your loop.", 'start': 8326.338, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 8339.599, 'text': 'The last type of loop we want to look at is the for each loop in Java.', 'start': 8336.155, 'duration': 3.444}, {'end': 8343.243, 'text': 'We use for each loops to iterate over arrays or collections.', 'start': 8340.079, 'duration': 3.164}, {'end': 8344.204, 'text': 'Let me show you.', 'start': 8343.743, 'duration': 0.461}, {'end': 8351.752, 'text': "So I'm going to start by declaring a string array called fruits, and we initialize this with three items.", 'start': 8344.704, 'duration': 7.048}, {'end': 8356.117, 'text': "Let's say apple, mango, and orange.", 'start': 8352.352, 'duration': 3.765}], 'summary': 'Use break statement with while true loop. for each loop iterates arrays or collections in java.', 'duration': 29.779, 'max_score': 8326.338, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU348326338.jpg'}, {'end': 8477.655, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8452.171, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 8457.582, 'text': "So the first three items are from our for loop and here's the result of our for each loop.", 'start': 8452.171, 'duration': 5.411}, {'end': 8462.743, 'text': 'So this is the 4-ish loop, however, this 4-ish loop has a couple of limitations.', 'start': 8458.82, 'duration': 3.923}, {'end': 8469.829, 'text': "One limitation is that it's always forward only, so we cannot iterate over this array from the end to the beginning.", 'start': 8463.384, 'duration': 6.445}, {'end': 8472.731, 'text': 'In contrast, we can easily do this with a for loop.', 'start': 8470.469, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 8477.655, 'text': 'So here we can initialize i to fruits.length.', 'start': 8473.231, 'duration': 4.424}], 'summary': "The for loop has limitations, can't iterate from end to beginning, unlike for loop.", 'duration': 25.484, 'max_score': 8452.171, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU348452171.jpg'}, {'end': 8604.704, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8579.528, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 8585.472, 'text': 'Here we need to enter a value between 1 and 30.', 'start': 8579.528, 'duration': 5.944}, {'end': 8589.874, 'text': "So if we enter 0, we get an error message and we're asked the same question.", 'start': 8585.472, 'duration': 4.402}, {'end': 8593.437, 'text': "So let's enter 30 and finally we get the result.", 'start': 8590.415, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 8596.238, 'text': "Here's our mortgage or monthly payments.", 'start': 8593.697, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 8603.183, 'text': 'So go ahead and spend 5 to 10 minutes on extending this mortgage calculator by adding error handling to it.', 'start': 8597.119, 'duration': 6.064}, {'end': 8604.704, 'text': "You'll see my solution next.", 'start': 8603.563, 'duration': 1.141}], 'summary': 'Mortgage calculator requires value between 1 and 30. extending it with error handling.', 'duration': 25.176, 'max_score': 8579.528, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU348579528.jpg'}, {'end': 8993.708, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8943.598, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 8947.26, 'text': 'For loops, while loops, do while loops, and for each loops.', 'start': 8943.598, 'duration': 3.662}, {'end': 8953.662, 'text': 'And finally we looked at the break and continue statements for breaking or jumping to the beginning of a loop.', 'start': 8947.88, 'duration': 5.782}, {'end': 8956.603, 'text': 'I hope you learned a lot and been enjoying the course so far.', 'start': 8954.422, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 8971.788, 'text': 'As Martin Fowler said, any fool can write code that a computer can understand.', 'start': 8967.785, 'duration': 4.003}, {'end': 8974.79, 'text': 'Good programmers write code that humans can understand.', 'start': 8972.148, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 8976.211, 'text': "I can't agree more.", 'start': 8975.21, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 8981.875, 'text': 'If you have seen any of my courses, you probably know that I put a lot of emphasis on writing clean code.', 'start': 8976.852, 'duration': 5.023}, {'end': 8985.038, 'text': 'So I have dedicated this entire section on clean coding.', 'start': 8982.276, 'duration': 2.762}, {'end': 8989.503, 'text': "We're going to continue extending our mortgage calculator and add new features to it.", 'start': 8985.618, 'duration': 3.885}, {'end': 8993.708, 'text': 'Along the way, you will see our code starts to get messy and hard to maintain.', 'start': 8989.983, 'duration': 3.725}], 'summary': 'The transcript covers loops and clean coding, emphasizing the need for human-readable code, with plans to extend the mortgage calculator.', 'duration': 50.11, 'max_score': 8943.598, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU348943598.jpg'}, {'end': 9040.17, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9028.238, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 9034.344, 'text': "If you're serious about learning Java and want to become a professional Java developer, I highly encourage you to enroll in this series.", 'start': 9028.238, 'duration': 6.106}, {'end': 9038.128, 'text': "In case you're interested, I put the link down below in the description box.", 'start': 9034.804, 'duration': 3.324}, {'end': 9040.17, 'text': 'Thank you and have a fantastic day.', 'start': 9038.608, 'duration': 1.562}], 'summary': 'Enroll in java series for professional development. link provided in description.', 'duration': 11.932, 'max_score': 9028.238, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU349028238.jpg'}], 'start': 7869.014, 'title': 'Handling input and looping in java', 'summary': 'Covers handling user input and looping in java, including if statement validation, break and continue usage, and for each loop iteration. it emphasizes on advantages and limitations of each method.', 'chapters': [{'end': 8142.954, 'start': 7869.014, 'title': 'While and do-while loops in java', 'summary': "Explains the implementation of a while loop to continuously prompt user input until 'quit' is entered, addressing the comparison of string objects, memory optimization, and the introduction of a do-while loop in java.", 'duration': 273.94, 'highlights': ["Implementation of while loop to continuously prompt user input until 'quit' is entered", 'Addressing the comparison of string objects and the use of the equals method', 'Optimizing memory usage by creating the scanner object outside the while loop', 'Introduction of do-while loop and comparison with while loop']}, {'end': 8528.03, 'start': 8143.534, 'title': 'Handling input and looping in java', 'summary': 'Discusses handling user input and looping in java, including using if statements to validate input, implementing break and continue statements for loop control, and utilizing for each loops for array iteration, with emphasis on their advantages and limitations.', 'duration': 384.496, 'highlights': ["The chapter discusses the use of if statements to validate user input, ensuring that 'quit' is not echoed back, and demonstrates its effectiveness through an example of input validation.", "The chapter explains the implementation of break statements to immediately exit a loop if the user input is 'quit', effectively demonstrating loop termination upon 'quit' input.", 'The chapter illustrates the usage of continue statements to skip printing certain user inputs, exemplifying the control of loop execution based on specific input.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of utilizing break statements when using while true to avoid infinite loops, highlighting the potential hazards of not including break statements.', 'The chapter introduces the for each loop for iterating over arrays or collections, showcasing its simpler syntax and ease of use compared to traditional for loops.', 'The limitations of the for each loop, including its inability to iterate in reverse and the lack of access to item indices, are explained, highlighting scenarios where traditional for loops may be more suitable.']}, {'end': 9040.17, 'start': 8528.771, 'title': 'Mortgage calculator error handling', 'summary': 'Demonstrates extending a mortgage calculator by adding error handling for user input validation, utilizing an infinite loop and conditional statements, and emphasizes the importance of writing clean and maintainable code. the process involves validating user input for loan amount, annual interest rate, and number of years, using if statements and infinite loops, while also discussing the importance of clean coding and offering further learning resources.', 'duration': 511.399, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates extending a mortgage calculator by adding error handling for user input validation, utilizing an infinite loop and conditional statements.', 'The narrator discusses the importance of writing clean and maintainable code, emphasizing the need to break down code into smaller, easier-to-read chunks.', 'The narrator offers further learning resources, encouraging viewers to enroll in an ultimate Java series for a comprehensive learning experience.']}], 'duration': 1171.156, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/eIrMbAQSU34/pics/eIrMbAQSU347869014.jpg', 'highlights': ['Introduction of do-while loop and comparison with while loop', 'The chapter introduces the for each loop for iterating over arrays or collections, showcasing its simpler syntax and ease of use compared to traditional for loops', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of utilizing break statements when using while true to avoid infinite loops, highlighting the potential hazards of not including break statements', "The chapter discusses the use of if statements to validate user input, ensuring that 'quit' is not echoed back, and demonstrates its effectiveness through an example of input validation", 'The chapter illustrates the usage of continue statements to skip printing certain user inputs, exemplifying the control of loop execution based on specific input', 'The limitations of the for each loop, including its inability to iterate in reverse and the lack of access to item indices, are explained, highlighting scenarios where traditional for loops may be more suitable', 'The chapter demonstrates extending a mortgage calculator by adding error handling for user input validation, utilizing an infinite loop and conditional statements', 'The narrator discusses the importance of writing clean and maintainable code, emphasizing the need to break down code into smaller, easier-to-read chunks', 'Addressing the comparison of string objects and the use of the equals method', 'Optimizing memory usage by creating the scanner object outside the while loop', "The chapter explains the implementation of break statements to immediately exit a loop if the user input is 'quit', effectively demonstrating loop termination upon 'quit' input", 'The narrator offers further learning resources, encouraging viewers to enroll in an ultimate Java series for a comprehensive learning experience', "Implementation of while loop to continuously prompt user input until 'quit' is entered"]}], 'highlights': ['Mosh, a software engineer with two decades of experience, and over 3 million students taught, will cover basics, execution, algorithms, tips, and shortcuts in the Java course.', 'Java runs on 3 billion mobile phones, 120 million TV sets, and every Blu-ray player.', 'The course is designed to provide a solid foundation in Java, enabling learners to write their first Java program in minutes and to learn about advanced Java features.', 'The instructor also mentions his coding school at codewithmosh.com, where learners can find various courses to enhance their coding skills.', 'The chapter details the types of primitive variables in Java, providing memory size and value range for each type.', 'The chapter covers string manipulation and method chaining in Java', 'The program calculates monthly payments for a mortgage based on user input of principal, annual interest rate, and period in years.', 'The chapter covers comparison and logical operators used for implementing real-world rules.', 'The chapter discusses the use of switch statements to execute different code based on the value of an expression.', 'Introduction of do-while loop and comparison with while loop', 'The chapter introduces the for each loop for iterating over arrays or collections, showcasing its simpler syntax and ease of use compared to traditional for loops', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of controlling the flow of execution in programs.', 'The chapter introduces if statements and their importance in decision-making for building programs.', "The chapter discusses the use of if statements to validate user input, ensuring that 'quit' is not echoed back, and demonstrates its effectiveness through an example of input validation", "The chapter explains the implementation of break statements to immediately exit a loop if the user input is 'quit', effectively demonstrating loop termination upon 'quit' input", 'The narrator offers further learning resources, encouraging viewers to enroll in an ultimate Java series for a comprehensive learning experience']}