title
Physical Network Segmentation

description
Info Level: Beginner Presenter: Eli the Computer Guy Date Created: July 8, 2010 Length of Class: 35 Minutes Tracks Networking Prerequisites Introduction to Networking Purpose of Class This class discusses how networks are physically designed. Topics Covered Demarc Points MDF and IDF DMZ Class Notes Demarc Points are where responsibility for the network transfers from one party to another You can test at the Demarc to check determine who is responsible for network issues Property Managers/ Owners many times do not maintain the network components that they are responsible for MDF and IDF MDF -- Main Distribution Facility -- is the main hub for all network and telephone connections for a business location IDF -- Intermediate Distribution Facility -- For large locations IDF's are used to minimize the length of network runs DMZ DMZ -- DeMilitarized Zones -- are used to provide areas of the network that are less secure then others

detail
{'title': 'Physical Network Segmentation', 'heatmap': [{'end': 671.285, 'start': 641.495, 'weight': 0.868}, {'end': 1293.347, 'start': 1262.955, 'weight': 1}, {'end': 1330.727, 'start': 1305.227, 'weight': 0.759}], 'summary': 'Emphasizes the significance of physical network segmentation, discussing demarcation points, mdfs, and idfs, and their role in network layout, infrastructure, and security, highlighting cost and efficiency benefits, as well as the implementation and transfer of authority at the dmarc point.', 'chapters': [{'end': 152.638, 'segs': [{'end': 95.478, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 55.311, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 61.514, 'text': "Like I say, being a technician for a while now I've seen too many, especially consultants,", 'start': 55.311, 'duration': 6.203}, {'end': 65.257, 'text': "that don't think about how they're physically laying out the network.", 'start': 61.514, 'duration': 3.743}, {'end': 70.42, 'text': "So once the network actually gets built out, it's just a complete mess.", 'start': 65.337, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 74.203, 'text': 'So this class is the physical network segmentation.', 'start': 71.101, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 75.444, 'text': "We're not going to talk about routers.", 'start': 74.223, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 76.705, 'text': "We're not going to talk about switches.", 'start': 75.464, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 78.586, 'text': "We're not going to talk about configurations.", 'start': 76.725, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 83.009, 'text': "We're going to talk about, you know, things like something called the DMARC points.", 'start': 79.046, 'duration': 3.963}, {'end': 88.213, 'text': 'These are where authority for systems transfer from one person to another.', 'start': 83.489, 'duration': 4.724}, {'end': 91.755, 'text': "We're going to talk about MDFs and IDFs.", 'start': 88.333, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 95.478, 'text': "These are very important facilities when you're in your networking scheme.", 'start': 91.795, 'duration': 3.683}], 'summary': 'Technicians often neglect physical network layout, causing messy builds, but this class covers dmarc points, mdfs, and idfs.', 'duration': 40.167, 'max_score': 55.311, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY55311.jpg'}, {'end': 152.638, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 124.148, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 131.39, 'text': "Basically it's normally just called demark and that's D-E-M-A-R-C.", 'start': 124.148, 'duration': 7.242}, {'end': 133.99, 'text': 'So what is the demark point?', 'start': 132.23, 'duration': 1.76}, {'end': 144.032, 'text': 'The demark point is the actual place where authority or responsibility for the network transfers from one party to the next.', 'start': 134.05, 'duration': 9.982}, {'end': 152.638, 'text': "So where this comes in the most, where you're going to see this the most, is the demarcation point for your teleco or your telephone company,", 'start': 144.292, 'duration': 8.346}], 'summary': 'The demarc point is where authority for the network transfers, often seen in telecom.', 'duration': 28.49, 'max_score': 124.148, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY124148.jpg'}], 'start': 5.902, 'title': 'Physical network segmentation', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the significance of physical network segmentation and discusses key concepts such as demarcation points, mdfs, and idfs, highlighting their importance in network layout.', 'chapters': [{'end': 152.638, 'start': 5.902, 'title': 'Physical network segmentation', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of physically laying out a network, emphasizing the significance of physical network segmentation and highlighting key concepts such as demarcation points, mdfs, and idfs.', 'duration': 146.736, 'highlights': ['The importance of physically laying out a network Emphasizes the significance of physically laying out a network and how it is often overlooked, leading to network chaos.', 'Physical network segmentation Stresses the importance of physical network segmentation and its role in dividing up a network when building it out.', 'Concept of demarcation points Explains the demarcation point as the place where authority or responsibility for the network transfers from one party to the next.', 'Importance of DMZ, MDFs, and IDFs in networking Underlines the importance of facilities such as DMZ, MDFs, and IDFs in the networking scheme.']}], 'duration': 146.736, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY5902.jpg', 'highlights': ['Emphasizes the significance of physically laying out a network and how it is often overlooked, leading to network chaos.', 'Stresses the importance of physical network segmentation and its role in dividing up a network when building it out.', 'Underlines the importance of facilities such as DMZ, MDFs, and IDFs in the networking scheme.', 'Explains the demarcation point as the place where authority or responsibility for the network transfers from one party to the next.']}, {'end': 866.408, 'segs': [{'end': 180.695, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 152.638, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 155.259, 'text': 'or for your ISP, your internet service provider.', 'start': 152.638, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 159.963, 'text': 'So everybody, intellectually at least,', 'start': 155.8, 'duration': 4.163}, {'end': 168.488, 'text': 'understands that the telephone company or your internet service provider is only responsible for the internet connection all the way up until your building.', 'start': 159.963, 'duration': 8.525}, {'end': 173.552, 'text': "Then once it gets inside of your building, then it's your responsibility to deal with the network.", 'start': 168.628, 'duration': 4.924}, {'end': 180.695, 'text': "If a tree branch falls on a telephone line, it's your telephone company's responsibility to fix it.", 'start': 174.692, 'duration': 6.003}], 'summary': "Isps responsible for internet connection up to building; after, network is user's responsibility.", 'duration': 28.057, 'max_score': 152.638, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY152638.jpg'}, {'end': 334.277, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 304.435, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 310.501, 'text': "So it's basically a very a very simple way of determining whose problem it is.", 'start': 304.435, 'duration': 6.066}, {'end': 316.004, 'text': "If you go to the DMARC point and you get whatever signal you're supposed to be getting, that means it's your problem.", 'start': 310.561, 'duration': 5.443}, {'end': 323.97, 'text': "If you go to the DMARC point and you don't get any signal at all, then it means it's Verizon or Quest or whoever's problem.", 'start': 316.164, 'duration': 7.806}, {'end': 327.432, 'text': "So that's the main thing with this DMARC point.", 'start': 324.09, 'duration': 3.342}, {'end': 334.277, 'text': "Now, if you're dealing, like I say, with Comcast cable, they normally have big green boxes sitting somewhere on your yard.", 'start': 327.492, 'duration': 6.785}], 'summary': 'Dmarc point helps identify network problem ownership.', 'duration': 29.842, 'max_score': 304.435, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY304435.jpg'}, {'end': 579.308, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 552.401, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 558.506, 'text': "So the main things to remember with DMARC DMARC points are where, let's say, authority transfers from one party to the next.", 'start': 552.401, 'duration': 6.105}, {'end': 565.912, 'text': "you have the internet service provider and then, if you're renting out office space in a building, then the building property management Also.", 'start': 558.506, 'duration': 7.406}, {'end': 569.977, 'text': 'so basically the internet service provider drops the cable off to the property management.', 'start': 565.912, 'duration': 4.065}, {'end': 573.782, 'text': 'Property management then gives you a cable up to your office space.', 'start': 570.377, 'duration': 3.405}, {'end': 579.308, 'text': 'So the DMARC between you and your property management is, like I said, wherever it comes into the office space.', 'start': 574.262, 'duration': 5.046}], 'summary': 'Dmarc points signal authority transfer between parties in network infrastructure.', 'duration': 26.907, 'max_score': 552.401, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY552401.jpg'}, {'end': 671.285, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 641.495, 'weight': 0.868, 'content': [{'end': 643.456, 'text': "So they just shrug and go, oh, it's Verizon's fault.", 'start': 641.495, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 648.58, 'text': "And if you don't understand how the D marks work, you're going to think it's Verizon's fault.", 'start': 643.997, 'duration': 4.583}, {'end': 653.824, 'text': "You're going to keep screaming at the telephone company and the telephone company is not going to help you because it's not their problem.", 'start': 648.62, 'duration': 5.204}, {'end': 656.086, 'text': "So that's how the D marks work.", 'start': 653.924, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 658.608, 'text': 'Big, big, big thing.', 'start': 657.407, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 671.285, 'text': 'So now the next network segmentation we need to talk about are MDFs and IDFs.', 'start': 664.781, 'duration': 6.504}], 'summary': 'Misunderstanding d marks leads to blaming verizon, causing unproductive conflict.', 'duration': 29.79, 'max_score': 641.495, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY641495.jpg'}, {'end': 810.026, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 782.028, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 784.591, 'text': 'So this is the centered part.', 'start': 782.028, 'duration': 2.563}, {'end': 795.119, 'text': 'So if you have lots of weird spidery networks going out, you know, creating voice over IP and surveillance systems and all of that,', 'start': 784.811, 'duration': 10.308}, {'end': 802.783, 'text': 'all of those have to finally, at the end of the day, come back to one central place, and that is the MDF or the main distribution facility.', 'start': 795.119, 'duration': 7.664}, {'end': 810.026, 'text': "So normally, when you're dealing with small businesses, this is going to be the same place as your server room.", 'start': 803.243, 'duration': 6.783}], 'summary': 'In networking, diverse systems converge at the mdf or main distribution facility, often located with the server room.', 'duration': 27.998, 'max_score': 782.028, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY782028.jpg'}], 'start': 152.638, 'title': 'Internet connection responsibility and network infrastructure', 'summary': 'Discusses the responsibility for internet connection, emphasizing the division between the internet service provider and building owner, and explains dmarc, stressing the importance of mdfs and idfs in network infrastructure.', 'chapters': [{'end': 193.921, 'start': 152.638, 'title': 'Responsibility for internet connection', 'summary': "Discusses the responsibility for internet connection, highlighting that the internet service provider is responsible for the connection up to the building, after which the network becomes the building owner's responsibility.", 'duration': 41.283, 'highlights': ['The internet service provider is responsible for the connection up to the building.', "Once it gets inside of your building, then it's your responsibility to deal with the network.", 'Business owners often misunderstand the responsibility, assuming the local telephone company is accountable for the network inside the building.']}, {'end': 866.408, 'start': 193.921, 'title': 'Understanding dmarc and network segmentation', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of dmarc, including its importance and practical application, and highlights the significance of mdfs and idfs in network infrastructure, emphasizing the central role they play in network connectivity and organization.', 'duration': 672.487, 'highlights': ["DMARC is a critical concept for understanding network connectivity, as it delineates responsibility between the internet service provider and the property management of a building, determining whether issues lie within the building or with the service provider. DMARC delineates responsibility between ISP and property management, determining network issues' origin.", 'The DMARC point serves as a crucial testing location, allowing technicians to identify the source of network issues and potentially save clients significant costs by preemptively diagnosing problems. The DMARC point serves as a crucial testing location to preemptively diagnose network issues and potentially save costs.', 'MDFs and IDFs, serving as main and intermediary distribution facilities, are central points where all network cables converge, creating a unified network infrastructure that often coincides with the server room in small businesses. MDFs and IDFs serve as central convergence points for network cables, often coinciding with the server room in small businesses.']}], 'duration': 713.77, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY152638.jpg', 'highlights': ['MDFs and IDFs serve as central convergence points for network cables, often coinciding with the server room in small businesses.', 'The DMARC point serves as a crucial testing location to preemptively diagnose network issues and potentially save costs.', "DMARC delineates responsibility between ISP and property management, determining network issues' origin.", 'The internet service provider is responsible for the connection up to the building.', "Once it gets inside of your building, then it's your responsibility to deal with the network."]}, {'end': 1179.895, 'segs': [{'end': 908.474, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 867.009, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 876.092, 'text': 'The main thing with the MDF is that this is the main central point where all the network connections come back to, telephone connections, everything.', 'start': 867.009, 'duration': 9.083}, {'end': 880.254, 'text': "This is the main hub for everything that's going to be in your office.", 'start': 876.452, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 887.876, 'text': "Now, when we're talking about cabling, if you know anything about cabling, you've got to physically run a lot of cable.", 'start': 881.474, 'duration': 6.402}, {'end': 892.146, 'text': 'is a pain in the butt to run.', 'start': 891.085, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 893.386, 'text': "It's very profitable to run.", 'start': 892.226, 'duration': 1.16}, {'end': 898.029, 'text': "If you're looking for something to make a lot of money at, running cable is just printing cash.", 'start': 893.847, 'duration': 4.182}, {'end': 901.15, 'text': "But it's very tedious, it's very time consuming, it's very hard.", 'start': 898.129, 'duration': 3.021}, {'end': 908.474, 'text': "So now when you're dealing with four floors, as you know, when you run a cable, you have to run it basically all the way to the patch panel.", 'start': 901.63, 'duration': 6.844}], 'summary': 'Mdf is central point for network connections, running cable is profitable but tedious and time consuming.', 'duration': 41.465, 'max_score': 867.009, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY867009.jpg'}, {'end': 996.799, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 926.983, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 932.846, 'text': "you're going to cut the cable or something's just going to bad happen when you're running that cable.", 'start': 926.983, 'duration': 5.863}, {'end': 937.528, 'text': "so that's where the concept of idfs came in intermediate distribution facilities.", 'start': 932.846, 'duration': 4.682}, {'end': 938.869, 'text': 'So basically,', 'start': 937.788, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 950.015, 'text': 'what you have if you have an office with multiple floors is you have one MDF for the entire office and then every single floor has its own IDF.', 'start': 938.869, 'duration': 11.146}, {'end': 958.817, 'text': "Now what happens with this is so you have all these computers here, right? The floor, let's say, has 100 computers.", 'start': 952.475, 'duration': 6.342}, {'end': 965.44, 'text': 'Instead of having to run 100 network drops all the way down to this MDF, that may be a really, really long way away.', 'start': 959.217, 'duration': 6.223}, {'end': 971.162, 'text': "And remember, when you go into network cabling, you've only got 300 meters to deal with.", 'start': 965.82, 'duration': 5.342}, {'end': 976.303, 'text': 'So a normal Cat5 network cable should not be any more than 100 meters.', 'start': 971.262, 'duration': 5.041}, {'end': 979.085, 'text': "It's only 300 feet.", 'start': 977.984, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 983.508, 'text': "It's not supposed to be that long or the signal degradation drops off.", 'start': 979.365, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 990.374, 'text': 'So with this, instead of running all these cables all the way down to the MDF, you just run these cables over to this IDF.', 'start': 984.329, 'duration': 6.045}, {'end': 996.799, 'text': "So basically, if you're dealing with a floor, every floor in your building would have its own IDF.", 'start': 992.756, 'duration': 4.043}], 'summary': 'Idfs are used to manage network cables efficiently, avoiding signal degradation by running cables to individual floors instead of one mdf, with a limit of 300 meters for cat5 cables.', 'duration': 69.816, 'max_score': 926.983, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY926983.jpg'}, {'end': 1161.605, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1136.924, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1142.309, 'text': 'you know, from the internet service provider to the building owner, from the building owner to you.', 'start': 1136.924, 'duration': 5.385}, {'end': 1146.453, 'text': 'When it comes in, to you when it becomes your responsibility.', 'start': 1142.95, 'duration': 3.503}, {'end': 1150.316, 'text': 'This is then called the MDF, Main Distribution Facility.', 'start': 1146.953, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 1155.34, 'text': 'This is where all the cabling in the entire building or the entire office comes back to.', 'start': 1150.356, 'duration': 4.984}, {'end': 1158.082, 'text': 'This is a central hub where everything connects to.', 'start': 1155.38, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 1161.605, 'text': 'Again, this can be the same place as the server room.', 'start': 1158.602, 'duration': 3.003}], 'summary': 'Mdf is the central hub for cabling in a building or office.', 'duration': 24.681, 'max_score': 1136.924, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY1136924.jpg'}], 'start': 867.009, 'title': 'Mdf, cabling challenges, and idfs in networking', 'summary': 'Delves into the significance of mdf as the central point for network connections, emphasizing profitability and challenges of running cables, and explains the concept of idfs, highlighting their role in reducing costs and signal degradation, ultimately simplifying network infrastructure.', 'chapters': [{'end': 908.474, 'start': 867.009, 'title': 'Mdf and cabling challenges', 'summary': 'Discusses the significance of the mdf as the central point for network connections in the office and highlights the profitability and challenges of running cables, emphasizing the time-consuming nature of the task.', 'duration': 41.465, 'highlights': ['Running cable is very profitable, making it a lucrative opportunity for earning money.', 'Running cable is very tedious, time-consuming, and hard, especially when dealing with multiple floors.', 'The MDF serves as the main central point for all network and telephone connections within the office.']}, {'end': 1179.895, 'start': 908.494, 'title': 'Idf and mdf in networking', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of idfs (intermediate distribution facilities), highlighting how they reduce cable running costs and signal degradation by serving as intermediate connection points for computers, telephones, and surveillance systems, ultimately simplifying network infrastructure.', 'duration': 271.401, 'highlights': ['IDFs reduce cable running costs and signal degradation by serving as intermediate connection points for computers, telephones, and surveillance systems, ultimately simplifying network infrastructure IDFs serve as intermediate connection points for computers, telephones, and surveillance systems, reducing the need to run cables all the way to the MDF, thus minimizing cable running costs and signal degradation.', 'The concept of IDFs is particularly beneficial for offices with multiple floors, where each floor has its own IDF, reducing the need to run network drops all the way to the MDF For offices with multiple floors, each floor having its own IDF reduces the need to run network drops all the way to the MDF, saving on cable costs and minimizing signal degradation.', 'The limitation of network cable length to 100 meters and the use of fiber optic cables for long-distance connections are emphasized, providing practical insights into network infrastructure Highlighting the 100-meter limitation of network cables and the use of fiber optic cables for long-distance connections provides practical insights into optimizing network infrastructure for efficient and cost-effective operations.', 'The role of the MDF as the central hub where all cabling in the entire building comes back to and the demarcation point where authority transfers are explained, offering a comprehensive understanding of network infrastructure Explaining the role of the MDF as the central hub and demarcation point provides a comprehensive understanding of network infrastructure, emphasizing the transfer of authority and the centralization of cabling within the building.']}], 'duration': 312.886, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY867009.jpg', 'highlights': ['The MDF serves as the main central point for all network and telephone connections within the office.', 'IDFs reduce cable running costs and signal degradation by serving as intermediate connection points for computers, telephones, and surveillance systems, ultimately simplifying network infrastructure.', 'The concept of IDFs is particularly beneficial for offices with multiple floors, where each floor has its own IDF, reducing the need to run network drops all the way to the MDF.', 'Highlighting the 100-meter limitation of network cables and the use of fiber optic cables for long-distance connections provides practical insights into optimizing network infrastructure for efficient and cost-effective operations.', 'Explaining the role of the MDF as the central hub and demarcation point provides a comprehensive understanding of network infrastructure, emphasizing the transfer of authority and the centralization of cabling within the building.', 'Running cable is very profitable, making it a lucrative opportunity for earning money.', 'The limitation of network cable length to 100 meters and the use of fiber optic cables for long-distance connections are emphasized, providing practical insights into network infrastructure.']}, {'end': 1508.549, 'segs': [{'end': 1254.273, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1208.519, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1216.925, 'text': 'We then connected that IDF to the main MDF sitting in the main headquarters building, sitting in the middle of the campus.', 'start': 1208.519, 'duration': 8.406}, {'end': 1218.286, 'text': 'I suppose you could call it.', 'start': 1216.925, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 1224.29, 'text': 'A different place that I dealt with, a swim club, was just this huge, massive, massive building.', 'start': 1218.346, 'duration': 5.944}, {'end': 1235.065, 'text': "it wasn't cost effective to run cables all the way from the server room to every single office space in the entire building.", 'start': 1227.362, 'duration': 7.703}, {'end': 1240.067, 'text': 'So what we did is we created multiple small, what you could call, IDFs in the building.', 'start': 1235.445, 'duration': 4.622}, {'end': 1244.989, 'text': 'So each one of these little office spaces may only have five people,', 'start': 1240.447, 'duration': 4.542}, {'end': 1250.851, 'text': 'but all of their cables connected to a little patch panel and then that patch panel connected to a little switch and then that switch.', 'start': 1244.989, 'duration': 5.862}, {'end': 1254.273, 'text': 'we only had to run one cable all the way back to the MDF.', 'start': 1250.851, 'duration': 3.422}], 'summary': 'Created multiple idfs to connect office spaces, reducing cable runs and cost.', 'duration': 45.754, 'max_score': 1208.519, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY1208519.jpg'}, {'end': 1293.347, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1262.955, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1265.136, 'text': 'The MDF is where everything comes back to.', 'start': 1262.955, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 1266.536, 'text': 'This is where all your core stuff is.', 'start': 1265.176, 'duration': 1.36}, {'end': 1274.158, 'text': "IDFs, like I say, it allows you to, you know, you don't have to do all of those home runs all the way back to the MDF.", 'start': 1267.236, 'duration': 6.922}, {'end': 1279.399, 'text': "Because like I say, even if you're making a lot of money doing it, after a while, it's not worth the money.", 'start': 1274.218, 'duration': 5.181}, {'end': 1281.6, 'text': "So that's the MDF and the IDFs.", 'start': 1279.499, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 1293.347, 'text': "Now, the final type of segmentation we're going to talk about isn't so much a physical segmentation.", 'start': 1287.799, 'duration': 5.548}], 'summary': 'Mdf is crucial for core infrastructure, idfs reduce home runs back to mdf, leading to cost savings.', 'duration': 30.392, 'max_score': 1262.955, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY1262955.jpg'}, {'end': 1330.727, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1305.227, 'weight': 0.759, 'content': [{'end': 1314.292, 'text': 'and what this does is it allows you to open up a portion of your network and your internet connection that basically,', 'start': 1305.227, 'duration': 9.065}, {'end': 1321.437, 'text': 'is more vulnerable to hackers or to outside threats than your core, your more secure systems.', 'start': 1314.292, 'duration': 7.145}, {'end': 1330.727, 'text': "how this comes up a lot of times is, let's say, you're running your own web servers, so your web servers, whether we like it or not,", 'start': 1323.198, 'duration': 7.529}], 'summary': 'Opening a portion of the network may expose it to hackers or threats, especially if running web servers.', 'duration': 25.5, 'max_score': 1305.227, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY1305227.jpg'}, {'end': 1403.589, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1375.736, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1385.298, 'text': 'all you really that you have to do to create a DMZ or demilitarized zone is basically you use two routers and two firewalls versus one,', 'start': 1375.736, 'duration': 9.562}, {'end': 1386.078, 'text': 'at least for a simple one.', 'start': 1385.298, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 1392.799, 'text': "So your office space, let's say this has all the very, very, very secure computers in it.", 'start': 1386.698, 'duration': 6.101}, {'end': 1395.04, 'text': "You don't want these computers to be hacked.", 'start': 1393.039, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 1403.589, 'text': 'Well, then you have these web servers right here, like I say, they have to be out on the internet.', 'start': 1395.76, 'duration': 7.829}], 'summary': 'To create a dmz, use two routers and two firewalls for a secure setup.', 'duration': 27.853, 'max_score': 1375.736, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY1375736.jpg'}, {'end': 1516.43, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1489.081, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1493.103, 'text': 'And then on the other side of this is your entire internal network.', 'start': 1489.081, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 1500.366, 'text': 'So basically all the DMZ does is it gives you a space on your network that is less secure.', 'start': 1493.543, 'duration': 6.823}, {'end': 1506.188, 'text': 'So you can have a super secure section of your network and a less secure section of your network.', 'start': 1500.446, 'duration': 5.742}, {'end': 1508.549, 'text': 'Now here, I was talking about web servers.', 'start': 1506.588, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 1516.43, 'text': 'I did this for one of my clients who unfortunately, even a year or two ago, still had to have a T1 connection just because of where they were located.', 'start': 1509.469, 'duration': 6.961}], 'summary': 'Dmz provides less secure network space. client had to use t1 connection due to location.', 'duration': 27.349, 'max_score': 1489.081, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY1489081.jpg'}], 'start': 1180.616, 'title': 'Networking infrastructure and network security', 'summary': 'Covers the importance of mdfs and idfs in networking, emphasizing the cost and efficiency benefits of creating multiple small idfs. it also discusses the concept of dmz as a less secure network portion for separating vulnerable web servers from secure internal systems using specific security measures.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1301.199, 'start': 1180.616, 'title': 'Understanding mdfs, idfs, and dmzs', 'summary': 'Explains the importance of mdfs and idfs in networking, highlighting the concept of creating multiple small idfs to avoid running cables all the way back to the mdf, ultimately saving costs and increasing efficiency.', 'duration': 120.583, 'highlights': ['The concept of creating multiple small IDFs to avoid running cables all the way back to the MDF, saving costs and increasing efficiency.', 'The significance of MDFs as the central location where all core networking equipment is housed.', 'The role of IDFs in allowing for decentralized connections within a building, illustrated through examples of different types of organizations such as schools and a swim club.']}, {'end': 1508.549, 'start': 1302.705, 'title': 'Demilitarized zone for network security', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of a demilitarized zone (dmz) as a less secure portion of a network that allows vulnerable web servers to be separated from more secure internal systems, using two routers and two firewalls to create a secure and insecure section.', 'duration': 205.844, 'highlights': ['The DMZ concept is used to separate vulnerable web servers from more secure internal systems, allowing them to be more open to the internet while keeping the internal network secure.', 'Two routers and two firewalls are used to create a DMZ, with one router and firewall configuration being more open for web servers, and another router providing a secure connection to the internal network.', 'The DMZ setup allows specific ports like port 80 and FTP ports to be open for web servers, while the internal network remains more locked down for security purposes.']}], 'duration': 327.933, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY1180616.jpg', 'highlights': ['The concept of creating multiple small IDFs to avoid running cables all the way back to the MDF, saving costs and increasing efficiency.', 'The significance of MDFs as the central location where all core networking equipment is housed.', 'The role of IDFs in allowing for decentralized connections within a building, illustrated through examples of different types of organizations such as schools and a swim club.', 'The DMZ concept is used to separate vulnerable web servers from more secure internal systems, allowing them to be more open to the internet while keeping the internal network secure.', 'Two routers and two firewalls are used to create a DMZ, with one router and firewall configuration being more open for web servers, and another router providing a secure connection to the internal network.', 'The DMZ setup allows specific ports like port 80 and FTP ports to be open for web servers, while the internal network remains more locked down for security purposes.']}, {'end': 1843.576, 'segs': [{'end': 1561.131, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1530.634, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1532.414, 'text': "So they didn't want to have to.", 'start': 1530.634, 'duration': 1.78}, {'end': 1537.897, 'text': 'they wanted to be able to give their clients, the people that came to the swim club,', 'start': 1532.414, 'duration': 5.483}, {'end': 1541.579, 'text': 'internet access without having to pay another $450 a month to give it to them.', 'start': 1537.897, 'duration': 3.682}, {'end': 1553.826, 'text': 'So what we did is we created DMZ for the members of the club and basically, so we had the internet coming down to their router, their ADTRAN.', 'start': 1541.999, 'duration': 11.827}, {'end': 1556.328, 'text': 'They had a switch off that router.', 'start': 1554.487, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 1561.131, 'text': 'On one connection of the switch, we put a little wireless access point.', 'start': 1557.649, 'duration': 3.482}], 'summary': 'Created a dmz for swim club members to provide internet access without extra cost.', 'duration': 30.497, 'max_score': 1530.634, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY1530634.jpg'}, {'end': 1671.011, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1627.529, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1635.112, 'text': 'So all you really have to understand with the DMZ is if you have a section of your network that has to be less secure than the rest of your network.', 'start': 1627.529, 'duration': 7.583}, {'end': 1637.352, 'text': 'Again, you can create this DMZ.', 'start': 1635.732, 'duration': 1.62}, {'end': 1639.873, 'text': 'basically, you use two routers.', 'start': 1637.352, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 1647.075, 'text': 'the first router is pretty open, so anybody who connects using that router can basically do whatever they want, and they can also probably get hacked.', 'start': 1639.873, 'duration': 7.202}, {'end': 1650.275, 'text': 'Then behind that first router is the second router.', 'start': 1647.655, 'duration': 2.62}, {'end': 1651.976, 'text': 'this router is much more secure.', 'start': 1650.275, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 1653.876, 'text': 'this is where you lock down all the ports.', 'start': 1651.976, 'duration': 1.9}, {'end': 1659.638, 'text': "you just make it totally secure, so it protects everything that's sitting behind that second router.", 'start': 1653.876, 'duration': 5.762}, {'end': 1661.398, 'text': "That's really all a DMZ is.", 'start': 1660.078, 'duration': 1.32}, {'end': 1671.011, 'text': "So that's really all there is to the physical segmentation of networks.", 'start': 1668.089, 'duration': 2.922}], 'summary': 'A dmz involves using two routers to create a less secure section of the network, protecting the more secure section behind it.', 'duration': 43.482, 'max_score': 1627.529, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY1627529.jpg'}, {'end': 1713.475, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1687.845, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1692.567, 'text': 'We talked about the DMARC, or the DMARCs, the DMARC point, the DMARcation points.', 'start': 1687.845, 'duration': 4.722}, {'end': 1697.229, 'text': 'Basically this is where authority transfers from one party to the next.', 'start': 1693.087, 'duration': 4.142}, {'end': 1702.611, 'text': "So like I say, the telephone company's DMARC is normally sitting right on your building.", 'start': 1697.349, 'duration': 5.262}, {'end': 1708.013, 'text': "If there's a good signal at that DMARC, it means whatever problem you're having is your problem.", 'start': 1703.051, 'duration': 4.962}, {'end': 1713.475, 'text': "If there's not a good signal at the DMARC, it means whatever problem you're having is the telephone company's problem.", 'start': 1708.173, 'duration': 5.302}], 'summary': 'Dmarc determines signal quality and responsibility for telecom issues.', 'duration': 25.63, 'max_score': 1687.845, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY1687845.jpg'}, {'end': 1789.897, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1770.062, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1781.872, 'text': "if you're renting a space in a building and you don't realize that the property manager is responsible for the cable that runs from the telephone company's DMARC to your office space,", 'start': 1770.062, 'duration': 11.81}, {'end': 1786.275, 'text': "again you may be screaming at the telephone company when it's not the telephone company's problem.", 'start': 1781.872, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 1789.897, 'text': "And again I've dealt with this so many times in the real world.", 'start': 1786.315, 'duration': 3.582}], 'summary': 'Property manager responsible for cable from dmarc to office space, leading to customer frustration.', 'duration': 19.835, 'max_score': 1770.062, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY1770062.jpg'}, {'end': 1857.827, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1829.724, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1832.627, 'text': "it's not the telephone company's problem and then it's really the property manager's problem.", 'start': 1829.724, 'duration': 2.903}, {'end': 1837.111, 'text': "Now you have to get the property manager to do it, and now it'll take you two months to get something fixed.", 'start': 1832.667, 'duration': 4.444}, {'end': 1840.374, 'text': 'It can just be a real, real horrible, horrible pain in the butt.', 'start': 1837.171, 'duration': 3.203}, {'end': 1843.576, 'text': 'So the DMARC, like I say, transfers from one party to the next.', 'start': 1840.994, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 1848.4, 'text': "In our other networking classes, I'll show you how you test these DMARC points.", 'start': 1844.137, 'duration': 4.263}, {'end': 1850.482, 'text': 'Again, this is more like the theory, the overview.', 'start': 1848.46, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 1857.827, 'text': 'Now, the next thing that we talked about were MDFs and IDFs, main distribution facilities and intermediate distribution facilities.', 'start': 1850.962, 'duration': 6.865}], 'summary': 'Issues with property management causing delays in fixing problems, dmarc transfer process explained.', 'duration': 28.103, 'max_score': 1829.724, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY1829724.jpg'}], 'start': 1509.469, 'title': 'Dmz implementation and dmarc transfer', 'summary': 'Highlights implementing a dmz to provide internet access for a swim club without extra cost and emphasizes physical network segmentation. it also discusses the transfer of authority and responsibility at the dmarc point, emphasizing the impact of misunderstanding it on business operations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1686.845, 'start': 1509.469, 'title': 'Dmz for network segmentation', 'summary': 'Highlights how they implemented a dmz to provide internet access for a swim club without incurring an extra $450 monthly cost, using a t1 connection in baltimore city, and emphasizes the importance of physical network segmentation in network design and security.', 'duration': 177.376, 'highlights': ['Implemented a DMZ to provide internet access for a swim club without incurring an extra $450 monthly cost Saved the swim club from incurring an additional $450 monthly cost for internet access by implementing a DMZ.', 'Emphasized the importance of physical network segmentation in network design and security Highlighted the significance of understanding and implementing physical network segmentation for network design and security.', 'Explained the concept of a DMZ and its basic setup using two routers for network security Provided a clear explanation of the basic setup of a DMZ using two routers for network security.']}, {'end': 1843.576, 'start': 1687.845, 'title': 'Understanding dmarc transfer', 'summary': 'Discusses the transfer of authority and responsibility at the dmarc point, emphasizing the impact of misunderstanding it, causing delays and inconveniences for business owners and technicians.', 'duration': 155.731, 'highlights': ['The DMARC point signifies the transfer of responsibility, with a good signal indicating problems lie with the recipient, leading to potential delays and inconveniences for business owners and technicians.', 'Misunderstanding the DMARC transfer can lead to unnecessary complaints to the telephone company, causing delays of up to four weeks before realizing the actual responsible party, leading to further delays in resolving issues.', "Property managers are responsible for the cable running from the telephone company's DMARC to the office space, and neglecting this responsibility can lead to significant delays and inconveniences in resolving connectivity issues."]}], 'duration': 334.107, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY1509469.jpg', 'highlights': ['Implemented a DMZ to provide internet access for a swim club without incurring an extra $450 monthly cost', 'Emphasized the importance of physical network segmentation in network design and security', 'Explained the concept of a DMZ and its basic setup using two routers for network security', 'The DMARC point signifies the transfer of responsibility, with a good signal indicating problems lie with the recipient, leading to potential delays and inconveniences for business owners and technicians', 'Misunderstanding the DMARC transfer can lead to unnecessary complaints to the telephone company, causing delays of up to four weeks before realizing the actual responsible party, leading to further delays in resolving issues', "Property managers are responsible for the cable running from the telephone company's DMARC to the office space, and neglecting this responsibility can lead to significant delays and inconveniences in resolving connectivity issues"]}, {'end': 2136.512, 'segs': [{'end': 1926.323, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1889.351, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1890.232, 'text': 'this MDF.', 'start': 1889.351, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 1894.755, 'text': 'So the MDF, again, this is where you have your core routers, your core switches, et cetera.', 'start': 1890.252, 'duration': 4.503}, {'end': 1896.196, 'text': 'Everything connects here.', 'start': 1894.955, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 1907.292, 'text': "Now normally, if you're dealing with a small office, you know, 20 to 100 people, the MDF and the server room will almost always be the same thing.", 'start': 1897.648, 'duration': 9.644}, {'end': 1913.914, 'text': "If you're dealing with a larger office or if you're dealing with special security concerns, etc.", 'start': 1908.452, 'duration': 5.462}, {'end': 1917.816, 'text': 'the MDF and the server room may be two entirely different things.', 'start': 1913.914, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 1926.323, 'text': 'So like I said, with one of the clients I had, the server room was in a super secure part of the building, the MDF was not.', 'start': 1917.976, 'duration': 8.347}], 'summary': 'Mdf houses core networking equipment, server room may differ based on office size and security concerns.', 'duration': 36.972, 'max_score': 1889.351, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY1889351.jpg'}, {'end': 1960.602, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1932.25, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1935.373, 'text': 'You then have the IDFs, intermediate distribution facilities.', 'start': 1932.25, 'duration': 3.123}, {'end': 1939.375, 'text': "This is again If you're dealing with a client that has multiple floors,", 'start': 1935.433, 'duration': 3.942}, {'end': 1944.857, 'text': "you know they're renting out an office space so they have multiple floors or they have multiple buildings on the same campus.", 'start': 1939.375, 'duration': 5.482}, {'end': 1950.679, 'text': 'basically on that floor or in that building, you run all the cables back to a central location.', 'start': 1944.857, 'duration': 5.822}, {'end': 1952.199, 'text': "That's the IDF.", 'start': 1951.019, 'duration': 1.18}, {'end': 1957.521, 'text': 'You can then run one cable or two cables from that IDF all the way to the MDF wherever it is.', 'start': 1952.539, 'duration': 4.982}, {'end': 1960.602, 'text': "Again, a lot of times you'll use fiber optic cables to do that.", 'start': 1958.081, 'duration': 2.521}], 'summary': 'Idfs serve as central locations for cable connections in multi-floor or multi-building office spaces, often using fiber optic cables.', 'duration': 28.352, 'max_score': 1932.25, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY1932250.jpg'}, {'end': 2038.208, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1999.911, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2000.352, 'text': 'Pretty simple.', 'start': 1999.911, 'duration': 0.441}, {'end': 2005.176, 'text': 'Then finally, we talked about DMZs, Demilitarized Zones.', 'start': 2001.332, 'duration': 3.844}, {'end': 2011.362, 'text': "The main thing that you have to understand with DMZs is you don't have to use these a whole lot.", 'start': 2005.336, 'duration': 6.026}, {'end': 2016.446, 'text': "With all the clients that I had, I probably set up I don't know, five, six DMZs, it's not a huge thing.", 'start': 2011.402, 'duration': 5.044}, {'end': 2020.71, 'text': 'But if you want to share out, like I say,', 'start': 2017.747, 'duration': 2.963}, {'end': 2028.718, 'text': 'your internet connection between systems that have to be very secure and systems that have to be less secure, then you want to use a DMZ.', 'start': 2020.71, 'duration': 8.008}, {'end': 2031.8, 'text': 'Again, you have the internet connection that comes into a router.', 'start': 2029.218, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 2038.208, 'text': 'To make the DMZ work, that first router is pretty open, so people can get in and out.', 'start': 2032.441, 'duration': 5.767}], 'summary': 'Dmzs are not used frequently; the speaker set up around 5-6 dmzs with clients, to share internet connection between secure and less secure systems.', 'duration': 38.297, 'max_score': 1999.911, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY1999911.jpg'}], 'start': 1844.137, 'title': 'Network infrastructure and dmzs', 'summary': 'Provides an overview of mdfs, idfs, and their role in networking infrastructure and covers the concept of dmzs, emphasizing their limited usage with approximately 5 to 6 dmzs set up for clients.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1999.391, 'start': 1844.137, 'title': 'Networking infrastructure overview', 'summary': 'Provides an overview of mdfs, idfs, and their role in networking infrastructure, emphasizing the significance of mdf as the central point for cabling and equipment in a building and the function of idfs in connecting multiple floors or buildings to the mdf.', 'duration': 155.254, 'highlights': ['The main distribution facility (MDF) serves as the core point where all cabling, telephone systems, and computer systems converge in a building, typically housing core routers and switches, crucial for smaller offices with 20 to 100 people (relevance: 5)', 'Intermediate distribution facilities (IDFs) are used in scenarios with multiple floors or buildings, where all cables are routed back to a central location on each floor or building, before being connected to the MDF, often employing fiber optic cables for easier cable management (relevance: 4)', 'Trunk ports, such as the GBIC, are capable of handling much more data than normal networking ports, acting as the conduit for data transmission from individual ports to the core system, providing an efficient data transfer mechanism within the networking infrastructure (relevance: 3)']}, {'end': 2136.512, 'start': 1999.911, 'title': 'Dmz and network segmentation', 'summary': 'Covers the concept of dmzs, emphasizing their limited usage with approximately 5 to 6 dmzs set up for clients, and the design involving a primary open router, a secondary secure router, and the placement of critical servers beneath it.', 'duration': 136.601, 'highlights': ['DMZs are not frequently used, with approximately 5 to 6 DMZs set up for clients, reflecting their limited usage and relevance in network design.', 'The design of a DMZ involves a primary open router for internet connection and a secondary secure router to protect critical servers, exemplifying the layered security approach.', 'Network segmentation concepts are emphasized for ease of deployment, with the recommendation to consider the design for client sites and offices, showcasing practical applicability and scalability.', 'The session provides an overview of physical network segmentation, with the promise of delving deeper into the topic in future classes, indicating a comprehensive learning approach.']}], 'duration': 292.375, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/cLNCYg5RorY/pics/cLNCYg5RorY1844137.jpg', 'highlights': ['The main distribution facility (MDF) serves as the core point where all cabling, telephone systems, and computer systems converge in a building, typically housing core routers and switches, crucial for smaller offices with 20 to 100 people', 'Intermediate distribution facilities (IDFs) are used in scenarios with multiple floors or buildings, where all cables are routed back to a central location on each floor or building, before being connected to the MDF, often employing fiber optic cables for easier cable management', 'DMZs are not frequently used, with approximately 5 to 6 DMZs set up for clients, reflecting their limited usage and relevance in network design', 'The design of a DMZ involves a primary open router for internet connection and a secondary secure router to protect critical servers, exemplifying the layered security approach']}], 'highlights': ['Emphasizes the significance of physical network segmentation and its role in dividing up a network when building it out.', 'Stresses the importance of physical network segmentation in network design and security.', 'Explains the demarcation point as the place where authority or responsibility for the network transfers from one party to the next.', 'The DMARC point serves as a crucial testing location to preemptively diagnose network issues and potentially save costs.', 'The concept of creating multiple small IDFs to avoid running cables all the way back to the MDF, saving costs and increasing efficiency.', 'The significance of MDFs as the central location where all core networking equipment is housed.', 'The role of IDFs in allowing for decentralized connections within a building, illustrated through examples of different types of organizations such as schools and a swim club.', 'The DMZ concept is used to separate vulnerable web servers from more secure internal systems, allowing them to be more open to the internet while keeping the internal network secure.', 'Implemented a DMZ to provide internet access for a swim club without incurring an extra $450 monthly cost', 'The main distribution facility (MDF) serves as the core point where all cabling, telephone systems, and computer systems converge in a building, typically housing core routers and switches, crucial for smaller offices with 20 to 100 people', 'Intermediate distribution facilities (IDFs) are used in scenarios with multiple floors or buildings, where all cables are routed back to a central location on each floor or building, before being connected to the MDF, often employing fiber optic cables for easier cable management', 'The design of a DMZ involves a primary open router for internet connection and a secondary secure router to protect critical servers, exemplifying the layered security approach']}