title
Greg Lukianoff: Cancel Culture, Deplatforming, Censorship & Free Speech | Lex Fridman Podcast #397

description
Greg Lukianoff is a free speech advocate, first-amendment attorney, president of FIRE - Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression, and co-author of The Coddling of the American Mind and a new book The Canceling of the American Mind. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Policygenius: https://www.policygenius.com/ - Babbel: https://babbel.com/lexpod and use code Lexpod to get 55% off - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off - InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod to get 3 months free TRANSCRIPT: https://lexfridman.com/greg-lukianoff-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Greg's Twitter: https://twitter.com/glukianoff Greg's Instagram: https://instagram.com/glukianoff FIRE: https://thefire.org/ FIRE on Twitter: https://twitter.com/TheFIREorg *** Greg's Books *** The Canceling of the American Mind: https://amzn.to/464yasg The Coddling of the American Mind: https://amzn.to/3EL48hj Freedom from Speech: https://amzn.to/3rhrdVN Unlearning Liberty: https://amzn.to/3rlFnoN *** Books Mentioned *** The Closing of the American Mind: https://amzn.to/4638KuX The Origins of Political Order: https://amzn.to/464zkE8 So You've Been Publicly Shamed: https://amzn.to/48nm1Af Racial Paranoia: https://amzn.to/3RzyY3U Why Buddhism Is True: https://amzn.to/3t4R5Vk Speaking Freely: https://amzn.to/3Zr64oG PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 2:11 - Cancel culture & freedom of speech 16:42 - Left-wing vs right-wing cancel culture 25:27 - Religion 28:07 - College rankings by freedom of speech 34:15 - Deplatforming 48:50 - Whataboutism 53:53 - Steelmanning 1:01:29 - How the left argues 1:12:09 - Diversity, equity, and inclusion 1:24:00 - Why colleges lean left 1:31:38 - How the right argues 1:36:13 - Hate speech 1:45:00 - Platforming 1:54:31 - Social media 2:15:38 - Depression 2:27:09 - Hope SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Greg Lukianoff: Cancel Culture, Deplatforming, Censorship & Free Speech | Lex Fridman Podcast #397', 'heatmap': [{'end': 5476.022, 'start': 5377.734, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': 'Discusses the rise of cancel culture since 2014, impacting academic freedom and freedom of speech, with over 1,000 attempts to get professors fired or punished between 2014 and 2023, leading to around 190 professors being fired, and delves into the impact of critical race theory on dei, emphasizing examples of ideological assumptions causing alienation.', 'chapters': [{'end': 189.782, 'segs': [{'end': 55.983, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14.946, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 23.512, 'text': "So every time you're actually saying you can't say that you're actually depriving yourself of the knowledge of what people really think you're causing what timur karan,", 'start': 14.946, 'duration': 8.566}, {'end': 27.375, 'text': "who's on our board of advisors, calls preference falsification.", 'start': 23.512, 'duration': 3.863}, {'end': 30.696, 'text': 'you end up with an inaccurate picture of the world, which, by the way,', 'start': 27.375, 'duration': 3.321}, {'end': 35.299, 'text': 'in a lot of cases um because there are activists who want to restrict more speech.', 'start': 30.696, 'duration': 4.603}, {'end': 38.421, 'text': 'they actually tend to think that people are more prejudiced than they might be.', 'start': 35.299, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 44.226, 'text': 'and actually one very real practical way it makes things worse is when you censor people.', 'start': 38.421, 'duration': 5.805}, {'end': 50.855, 'text': "it doesn't change their opinion, it just encourages them to not share it with people who will get them in trouble.", 'start': 44.226, 'duration': 6.629}, {'end': 55.983, 'text': 'so it leads them to talk to people who they already agree with, and group polarization takes off.', 'start': 50.855, 'duration': 5.128}], 'summary': 'Censorship leads to inaccurate understanding and group polarization, discouraging open dialogue.', 'duration': 41.037, 'max_score': 14.946, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg14946.jpg'}], 'start': 0.109, 'title': "Cancel culture and knowing people's opinions", 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of knowing what people really think for an accurate understanding of the world, discussing the negative consequences of censoring opinions, and explores the impact and rise of cancel culture, particularly around 2014, leading to a climate of fear in expressing opinions.', 'chapters': [{'end': 82.645, 'start': 0.109, 'title': 'Importance of knowing what people really think', 'summary': "Emphasizes the importance of knowing what people really think to have an accurate understanding of the world, and discusses the negative consequences of censoring people's opinions, which can lead to preference falsification and group polarization.", 'duration': 82.536, 'highlights': ['The importance of knowing what people really think is emphasized, as it is crucial for having an accurate understanding of the world.', "Censoring people's opinions can lead to preference falsification, resulting in an inaccurate picture of the world.", "The negative consequences of censoring people's opinions are discussed, including the encouragement of not sharing opinions and the potential for group polarization to occur."]}, {'end': 144.859, 'start': 82.645, 'title': 'The canceling of the american mind', 'summary': 'Explores the history, present, and future of cancel culture, emphasizing its impact on freedom of speech on college campuses and the need for a deeper understanding of the phenomenon, as discussed by greg lukianoff on the lex friedman podcast.', 'duration': 62.214, 'highlights': ['Greg and Ricky provide a definitive accounting of the history, present, and future of cancel culture, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of the term. The book provides an in-depth analysis of cancel culture, shedding light on its historical context and future implications.', 'Freedom of speech, especially on college campuses, is highlighted as crucial for fostering a battleground of ideas and bold risk-taking. The chapter emphasizes the significance of preserving freedom of speech on college campuses to encourage diverse and bold ideas.', "Greg expresses his dislike for the term 'cancel culture' due to its overuse and abuse by controversial figures. The term 'cancel culture' is criticized for being misused and dragged through the mud by various controversial figures."]}, {'end': 189.782, 'start': 145.444, 'title': 'Rise of cancel culture', 'summary': 'Discusses the rise of cancel culture, particularly around 2014, where successful campaigns led to the firing, expulsion, and deplatforming of individuals for speech that would normally be protected by the first amendment, leading to a climate of fear in expressing opinions.', 'duration': 44.338, 'highlights': ['The uptick of campaigns, notably from 2014, has led to the firing, expulsion, and deplatforming of individuals for speech normally protected by the First Amendment, creating a climate of fear in expressing opinions.', 'Particularly on campus, there was a noticeable increase in this phenomenon around 2014.']}], 'duration': 189.673, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg109.jpg', 'highlights': ["The negative consequences of censoring people's opinions are discussed, including the encouragement of not sharing opinions and the potential for group polarization to occur.", 'Greg and Ricky provide a definitive accounting of the history, present, and future of cancel culture, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of the term.', 'The uptick of campaigns, notably from 2014, has led to the firing, expulsion, and deplatforming of individuals for speech normally protected by the First Amendment, creating a climate of fear in expressing opinions.']}, {'end': 1507.663, 'segs': [{'end': 300.328, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 230.376, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 234.058, 'text': 'So FIRE was founded in 1999 by Harvey Silverglate.', 'start': 230.376, 'duration': 3.682}, {'end': 236.439, 'text': 'He is a famous civil liberties attorney.', 'start': 234.498, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 238.14, 'text': "He's a bit on the show.", 'start': 236.519, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 245.663, 'text': "He's the person who actually found me out in my very happy life out in San Francisco, but knew I was looking for a First Amendment job.", 'start': 238.62, 'duration': 7.043}, {'end': 249.145, 'text': "I'd gone to law school specifically to do First Amendment.", 'start': 246.384, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 252.588, 'text': 'And he found me, which was pretty cool.', 'start': 250.486, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 254.05, 'text': 'His protege.', 'start': 253.189, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 257.374, 'text': 'Kathleen Sullivan was the dean of Stanford Law School, and this remains.', 'start': 254.05, 'duration': 3.324}, {'end': 262.98, 'text': 'the best compliment I ever got in my life is that she recommended me to Harvey.', 'start': 257.374, 'duration': 5.606}, {'end': 268.286, 'text': "And since that's the whole reason why I went to law school, I was excited to be a part of this new organization.", 'start': 263.881, 'duration': 4.405}, {'end': 272.128, 'text': 'The other co-founder of FIRE is Alan Charles Kors.', 'start': 269.026, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 274.37, 'text': "He's just an absolute genius.", 'start': 272.769, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 280.494, 'text': 'He is one of the leading experts in the world on the enlightenment and particularly about Voltaire.', 'start': 274.81, 'duration': 5.684}, {'end': 287.598, 'text': 'And if any of your listeners do like the great courses, he has a lecture on Blaise Pascal.', 'start': 281.154, 'duration': 6.444}, {'end': 290.78, 'text': "And Blaise, of course, is famous for the Pascal's wager.", 'start': 288.038, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 298.005, 'text': 'And I left it just so moved and impressed and with a depth of understanding of how important this person is.', 'start': 290.8, 'duration': 7.205}, {'end': 298.846, 'text': 'uh, was.', 'start': 298.485, 'duration': 0.361}, {'end': 300.328, 'text': "That's interesting.", 'start': 299.687, 'duration': 0.641}], 'summary': 'Fire, founded in 1999, by harvey silverglate and alan charles kors, aims to uphold civil liberties and first amendment rights.', 'duration': 69.952, 'max_score': 230.376, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg230376.jpg'}, {'end': 606.183, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 582.233, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 589.359, 'text': "You're saying so many interesting things, but if you can linger on the viewpoint discrimination, is there any gray area of discussion there,", 'start': 582.233, 'duration': 7.126}, {'end': 591.3, 'text': "like what is and isn't economics?", 'start': 589.359, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 592.381, 'text': 'for the example you gave?', 'start': 591.3, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 592.822, 'text': 'Yeah.', 'start': 592.401, 'duration': 0.421}, {'end': 600.861, 'text': "Is it a science or is it an art to draw lines of what is and isn't allowed? Yeah.", 'start': 593.618, 'duration': 7.243}, {'end': 606.183, 'text': "If you're saying that something is or is not economics, well, you can say everything's economics and therefore I want to talk about poetry.", 'start': 600.941, 'duration': 5.242}], 'summary': 'Discussing viewpoint discrimination and defining economics as a science or art.', 'duration': 23.95, 'max_score': 582.233, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg582233.jpg'}, {'end': 1019.955, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 995.638, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1002.16, 'text': 'Only bad people, only heretics, only blasphemers, only right-wingers can actually think in this way.', 'start': 995.638, 'duration': 6.522}, {'end': 1007.532, 'text': 'Every time you say something, I always have a million thoughts and a million questions that pop up.', 'start': 1002.611, 'duration': 4.921}, {'end': 1015.074, 'text': "But since you mentioned there's a kind of drift, as you write about in the book and you mentioned now, there's a drift towards the left in academia.", 'start': 1007.552, 'duration': 7.522}, {'end': 1019.955, 'text': 'we should also maybe draw a distinction here between the left and the right,', 'start': 1015.074, 'duration': 4.881}], 'summary': 'Discussion on left vs. right in academia, with million questions arising.', 'duration': 24.317, 'max_score': 995.638, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg995638.jpg'}], 'start': 189.782, 'title': 'The impact of cancel culture on academic freedom', 'summary': 'Highlights the rise of cancel culture in academia, resulting in a significant number of professors losing their jobs since 2017, impacting academic freedom and freedom of speech. it also discusses the role of organization fire in defending free speech, the connection between free speech and enlightenment, and the impact of censorship on society and education.', 'chapters': [{'end': 254.05, 'start': 189.782, 'title': 'Rise of cancel culture in academia', 'summary': 'Highlights the rise of cancel culture directed at professors since 2017, leading to a significant number of them being targeted and losing their jobs, with an unprecedented impact on academic freedom and freedom of speech, while also discussing the role of the organization fire in this fight.', 'duration': 64.268, 'highlights': ["The rise of cancel culture directed at professors since 2017 has led to a significant number of them being targeted and losing their jobs, unprecedented in the 22 years of the speaker's experience.", "FIRE, founded in 1999 by Harvey Silverglate, plays a crucial role in the fight for freedom of speech and academic freedom, with a focus on protecting individuals' First Amendment rights."]}, {'end': 600.861, 'start': 254.05, 'title': 'Fire and the connection between free speech and enlightenment', 'summary': 'Discusses the founding of fire, the connection between free speech and the enlightenment, the importance of the first amendment, and the impact of viewpoint discrimination on free speech.', 'duration': 346.811, 'highlights': ["The chapter discusses the founding of FIRE and the recommendation from Kathleen Sullivan to join the organization, highlighting the significance of this move in the speaker's life. Mention of Kathleen Sullivan's recommendation and the founding of FIRE.", 'The connection between the love of science and the love of freedom of speech is explored, emphasizing the importance of epistemology in understanding the pragmatic need for freedom of speech. Discussion on the connection between science and freedom of speech, and the role of epistemology.', "The importance of the First Amendment in eliminating historical reasons for human conflict and the distinction of FIRE as a free speech organization are emphasized. Explanation of the First Amendment's purpose and the distinction of FIRE as a free speech organization.", 'The discussion delves into the concept of viewpoint discrimination and its significance in defining protected and unprotected speech, drawing parallels between First Amendment law and philosophical principles. Explanation of viewpoint discrimination and its relationship to protected speech, drawing parallels between First Amendment law and philosophical principles.']}, {'end': 866.016, 'start': 600.941, 'title': 'Freedom of speech and culture', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of intuition, the impact of censorship on society, the distinction between free speech law and culture, and the role of education in shaping a free speech culture, emphasizing the need to protect free speech from a philosophical standpoint.', 'duration': 265.075, 'highlights': ['The importance of intuition in recognizing censorship and societal problems. The intuitive level at which people recognize censorship and societal problems is emphasized, highlighting the need for a basic intuition when the line is crossed.', 'The impact of censorship on society and the need for a free speech culture. The discussion explores how deformed intuition by societal forces leads to censorship and the importance of a free speech culture in preventing such deformities.', 'The distinction between free speech law and culture and its impact on the long-term protection of free speech. The distinction between free speech law and culture is highlighted, emphasizing that a culture that does not appreciate free speech philosophically will not be able to protect it in the long run, even through the law.', 'The role of education in shaping a free speech culture and maintaining the protection of free speech. The role of education in shaping culture and the need to focus on education to safeguard free speech culture is emphasized, underlining the foundation of culture as being rooted in education.']}, {'end': 1507.663, 'start': 866.036, 'title': 'Repressive tolerance and cancel culture', 'summary': "Discusses the concept of repressive tolerance by herbert marcuse, the increasing acceptance of 'free speech for me, not for thee' mentality, and the prevalence of cancel culture in academia and legislation, with examples including the stop woke act and attempts to ban certain topics in higher education.", 'duration': 641.627, 'highlights': ["The increasing acceptance of 'free speech for me, not for thee' mentality and the concept of repressive tolerance by Herbert Marcuse. The discussion highlights the acceptance of the 'free speech for me, not for thee' mentality and references Repressive Tolerance by Herbert Marcuse.", 'Prevalence of cancel culture in academia and legislation, with examples including the Stop WOKE Act and attempts to ban certain topics in higher education. The prevalence of cancel culture in academia and legislation is emphasized, with specific examples such as the Stop WOKE Act and attempts to ban certain topics in higher education.', 'The discussion of cancel culture from both the left and the right, and the success of attempts to get professors punished that come from the right. The chapter covers cancel culture from both the left and the right, highlighting the success of attempts to get professors punished that come from the right.', 'The legal battle regarding the Stop WOKE Act and attempts to restrict certain topics from being taught in school. The legal battle regarding the Stop WOKE Act and attempts to restrict certain topics from being taught in school is detailed, emphasizing the unconstitutionality of such actions.', "The impact of cancel culture in K-12 education, the role of state legislatures, and the influence of education schools on administrators' approach to free speech. The impact of cancel culture in K-12 education, the role of state legislatures, and the influence of education schools on administrators' approach to free speech is discussed."]}], 'duration': 1317.881, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg189782.jpg', 'highlights': ["The rise of cancel culture directed at professors since 2017 has led to a significant number of them being targeted and losing their jobs, unprecedented in the 22 years of the speaker's experience.", "FIRE, founded in 1999 by Harvey Silverglate, plays a crucial role in the fight for freedom of speech and academic freedom, with a focus on protecting individuals' First Amendment rights.", 'The discussion delves into the concept of viewpoint discrimination and its significance in defining protected and unprotected speech, drawing parallels between First Amendment law and philosophical principles.', 'The importance of intuition in recognizing censorship and societal problems. The intuitive level at which people recognize censorship and societal problems is emphasized, highlighting the need for a basic intuition when the line is crossed.', 'The prevalence of cancel culture in academia and legislation is emphasized, with specific examples such as the Stop WOKE Act and attempts to ban certain topics in higher education.']}, {'end': 3105.033, 'segs': [{'end': 1601.064, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1572.252, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1574.773, 'text': 'I like the fact that we have both of them together.', 'start': 1572.252, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 1579.815, 'text': 'Now, how does this relate to freedom of speech and how does it relate to the curriculum like we were talking about?', 'start': 1575.173, 'duration': 4.642}, {'end': 1589.52, 'text': 'I actually think it would be great if public schools could teach the Bible in the sense of read it as a historical document.', 'start': 1581.918, 'duration': 7.602}, {'end': 1598.763, 'text': 'Back when I was at the ACLU, every time I saw people trying this, it always turned into them actually advocating for a Catholic or a Protestant,', 'start': 1590.321, 'duration': 8.442}, {'end': 1601.064, 'text': 'or some Orthodox even read on religion.', 'start': 1598.763, 'duration': 2.301}], 'summary': 'Suggests teaching bible as historical document in public schools.', 'duration': 28.812, 'max_score': 1572.252, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg1572252.jpg'}, {'end': 2286.194, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2253.912, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 2255.834, 'text': 'she has not been invited back to Stanford.', 'start': 2253.912, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 2260.279, 'text': "But she's one of the only examples I can think of when these things happen a lot,", 'start': 2256.154, 'duration': 4.125}, {'end': 2265.524, 'text': 'where an administrator clearly facilitated something that was a shout down or deplatforming,', 'start': 2260.279, 'duration': 5.245}, {'end': 2274.11, 'text': 'or resulted in a professor getting fired or resulted in a student getting expelled, where the administrator has got off scot-free or probably,', 'start': 2265.524, 'duration': 8.586}, {'end': 2275.451, 'text': 'in some cases, even gotten a promotion.', 'start': 2274.11, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 2281.15, 'text': 'And so a small number of administrators, maybe even a single administrator,', 'start': 2275.905, 'duration': 5.245}, {'end': 2286.194, 'text': 'could participate in the encouraging and the organization and thereby empower the whole process.', 'start': 2281.15, 'duration': 5.044}], 'summary': 'Instances of administrator-led deplatforming and firings lack consequences at stanford and other institutions, indicating a need for accountability.', 'duration': 32.282, 'max_score': 2253.912, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg2253912.jpg'}, {'end': 2563.308, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2531.289, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2543.315, 'text': 'And if you have the guts, as a faculty or an administrator, to really stand up with eloquence, with rigor, with integrity,', 'start': 2531.289, 'duration': 12.026}, {'end': 2550.6, 'text': "I feel like it's impossible for anyone to do anything, because there's such a hunger, it's so refreshing.", 'start': 2543.315, 'duration': 7.285}, {'end': 2556.203, 'text': 'I think everybody agrees that freedom of speech is a good thing.', 'start': 2551.3, 'duration': 4.903}, {'end': 2559.906, 'text': 'Okay, sorry, sorry.', 'start': 2556.484, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 2563.308, 'text': "The majority of people, even at the universities, that there's a hunger.", 'start': 2559.966, 'duration': 3.342}], 'summary': 'Urging faculty and administrators to speak up for freedom of speech at universities, as there is a widespread hunger for it.', 'duration': 32.019, 'max_score': 2531.289, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg2531289.jpg'}, {'end': 2621.161, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2585.495, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2594.078, 'text': 'When, and this was all throughout my career a president, a university president, who puts their foot down early and says nope, you know,', 'start': 2585.495, 'duration': 8.583}, {'end': 2596.859, 'text': 'we are not entertaining firing this professor.', 'start': 2594.078, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 2598.119, 'text': 'We are not expelling this student.', 'start': 2596.899, 'duration': 1.22}, {'end': 2601.341, 'text': 'It ends the issue often, very fast.', 'start': 2598.58, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 2611.649, 'text': "Although sometimes and this is where you can really tell the administrative involvement Students will do things like take over the president's office and then that takeover will be catered by the university.", 'start': 2601.761, 'duration': 9.888}, {'end': 2614.493, 'text': 'People will point this out sometimes as being like oh,', 'start': 2612.21, 'duration': 2.283}, {'end': 2621.161, 'text': "it's clearly like my friend Sam Abrams when they tried to get him fired at Sarah Lawrence College.", 'start': 2614.493, 'duration': 6.668}], 'summary': "University presidents' decisive actions end issues fast, but student takeovers show administrative involvement.", 'duration': 35.666, 'max_score': 2585.495, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg2585495.jpg'}, {'end': 2855.959, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2830.379, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 2839.787, 'text': "but it feels like there's incentives on top of that you can construct to, yeah, to incentivize better discourse.", 'start': 2830.379, 'duration': 9.408}, {'end': 2846.332, 'text': "It's like to incentivize somebody who puts a huge amount of effort to make even the most ridiculous arguments,", 'start': 2840.167, 'duration': 6.165}, {'end': 2854.999, 'text': "but basically ones that don't include any of the things you highlight, in terms of all the rhetorical tricks, to shut down conversations.", 'start': 2846.332, 'duration': 8.667}, {'end': 2855.959, 'text': 'Just make..', 'start': 2855.079, 'duration': 0.88}], 'summary': 'Incentives can be used to encourage better discourse and discourage rhetorical tricks in conversations.', 'duration': 25.58, 'max_score': 2830.379, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg2830379.jpg'}], 'start': 1507.663, 'title': 'Freedom of speech and education', 'summary': 'Delves into freedom of speech, religion, and education, examining its intersection and the challenges faced in teaching religious texts in public schools. it also explores the impact of freedom of speech on university rankings and discusses the challenges and tactics to address cancel culture on university campuses.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1824.451, 'start': 1507.663, 'title': 'Freedom of speech and religion in education', 'summary': 'Discusses the intersection of freedom of speech, religion, and education, exploring the tension between teaching religious texts in public schools and the protection of religious freedom. it also highlights the importance of understanding the ranking of college campuses based on freedom of speech and the criteria used for evaluation.', 'duration': 316.788, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the tension between teaching religious texts in public schools and the protection of religious freedom. The discussion revolves around the challenge of teaching religious texts in public schools without advocating for a particular view on religion, which could potentially violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment.', 'The importance of understanding the ranking of college campuses based on freedom of speech and the criteria used for evaluation is emphasized. The transcript emphasizes the significance of the college free speech rankings provided by FIRE, which offers a different perspective for individuals looking to choose a university. It also explains the parameters used for evaluating the freedom of speech on college campuses, including policies, disinvitation database, and direct student feedback.']}, {'end': 2292.099, 'start': 1824.451, 'title': 'University rankings and freedom of speech', 'summary': 'Discusses university rankings, with michigan technological university ranking number one, and highlights the impact of freedom of speech on rankings, with harvard receiving a negative ranking, as well as the prevalence and success of deplatforming attempts in the bottom five universities.', 'duration': 467.648, 'highlights': ['Michigan Technological University ranked number one in university rankings, followed by Auburn University in the top 10.', 'Harvard received a negative ranking and was the only school to receive an abysmal ranking, impacting its position in the rankings.', 'In the bottom five universities, including University of Pennsylvania, University of South Carolina, Georgetown University, and Fordham University, 81% of attempts to deplatform speakers were successful, with some achieving a 100% success rate.', "The change in 2014 revealed a shift in students' advocacy for deplatforming and new speech codes, with students and administrators collaborating to create problems and facilitate disruptions, leading to bureaucratic policing of speech on campuses."]}, {'end': 2641.011, 'start': 2292.119, 'title': 'Freedom of speech on campus', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges to freedom of speech on university campuses, citing a case where administrators bought tickets for students to shut down a play, resulting in death threats, and explores the increase in attempts to get professors fired by administrators and students, as well as fellow professors, with a call for stronger leadership and integrity to protect freedom of expression.', 'duration': 348.892, 'highlights': ["The university administrators bought tickets for angry students to shut down a play, resulting in death threats and lack of police protection for the creator. The administrators' deliberate action of buying tickets for students to disrupt a play led to a serious escalation, including death threats and lack of police protection, highlighting the impact of their interference with freedom of expression.", 'Increase in attempts to get professors fired by administrators and students, as well as fellow professors, with a call for stronger leadership and integrity to protect freedom of expression. The discussion highlights the rise in efforts to get professors fired by administrators, students, and even fellow professors, emphasizing the need for stronger leadership and integrity to safeguard freedom of expression on campuses.', 'The importance of university presidents taking a stand in support of freedom of expression, which can rapidly resolve issues, but administrative involvement can sometimes lead to catering to student takeovers and hinder protection of speech rights. The significance of university presidents asserting support for freedom of expression is emphasized, as it can swiftly resolve issues. However, administrative involvement can lead to catering to student takeovers, hindering the protection of speech rights.']}, {'end': 3105.033, 'start': 2641.011, 'title': 'Freedom of speech and cancel culture', 'summary': 'Discusses the tension in first amendment rights, emphasizing the right to protest while opposing firing or deplatforming, and identifies cancel culture as a historic and widespread issue, proposing tactics to promote high-quality debate and disagreement.', 'duration': 464.022, 'highlights': ['The tension in First Amendment rights, emphasizing the right to protest while opposing firing or deplatforming, and identifying cancel culture as a historic and widespread issue The chapter delves into the tension in First Amendment rights, defending the right to protest while opposing firing or deplatforming. It also identifies cancel culture as a historic and widespread issue.', 'Proposing tactics to promote high-quality debate and disagreement The chapter proposes tactics to promote high-quality debate and disagreement, aiming to argue towards truth and addressing the issue of cancel culture as cruel, anti-intellectual, and time-wasting.', 'Discussing the list of rhetorical tactics used by both the left and the right, such as whataboutism The chapter explores the list of rhetorical tactics used by both the left and the right, including whataboutism, and suggests integrating these tactics into platforms to facilitate structured and truth-focused discussions.']}], 'duration': 1597.37, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg1507663.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the tension between teaching religious texts in public schools and the protection of religious freedom.', 'The importance of understanding the ranking of college campuses based on freedom of speech and the criteria used for evaluation is emphasized.', 'Michigan Technological University ranked number one in university rankings, followed by Auburn University in the top 10.', 'Harvard received a negative ranking and was the only school to receive an abysmal ranking, impacting its position in the rankings.', 'In the bottom five universities, including University of Pennsylvania, University of South Carolina, Georgetown University, and Fordham University, 81% of attempts to deplatform speakers were successful, with some achieving a 100% success rate.', 'The university administrators bought tickets for angry students to shut down a play, resulting in death threats and lack of police protection for the creator.', 'Increase in attempts to get professors fired by administrators and students, as well as fellow professors, with a call for stronger leadership and integrity to protect freedom of expression.', 'The tension in First Amendment rights, emphasizing the right to protest while opposing firing or deplatforming, and identifying cancel culture as a historic and widespread issue', 'Proposing tactics to promote high-quality debate and disagreement', 'Discussing the list of rhetorical tactics used by both the left and the right, such as whataboutism']}, {'end': 4366.283, 'segs': [{'end': 3227.348, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3199.334, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3207.016, 'text': 'it was genuinely scary and people would try to deflect from january 6 being serious, by actually be making the argument that, oh well,', 'start': 3199.334, 'duration': 7.682}, {'end': 3210.397, 'text': 'there are crazy, horrible things happening in all over the country.', 'start': 3207.016, 'duration': 3.381}, {'end': 3211.738, 'text': 'uh, you know, riots.', 'start': 3210.397, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 3215.079, 'text': 'uh um, that came from some of the social justice protests.', 'start': 3211.738, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 3221.143, 'text': 'And of course the answer is you can be concerned about both of these things and find them both problems.', 'start': 3215.759, 'duration': 5.384}, {'end': 3227.348, 'text': "But, you know, if I'm arguing about CHOP, you know, someone bringing up January 6th isn't super relevant to it.", 'start': 3221.263, 'duration': 6.085}], 'summary': 'Some try to downplay january 6th by comparing it to other riots, but both issues are concerning.', 'duration': 28.014, 'max_score': 3199.334, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg3199334.jpg'}, {'end': 3422.446, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3396.325, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3406.233, 'text': 'I think the prospect that we very nearly seem to have an election that was going to be Jeb Bush versus Hillary Clinton.', 'start': 3396.325, 'duration': 9.908}, {'end': 3408.615, 'text': "it's like are we a dynastic country now??", 'start': 3406.233, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 3409.716, 'text': "Is that what's happening?", 'start': 3408.916, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 3414.64, 'text': "But also it's one of the reasons why people are getting so angry about legacy admissions,", 'start': 3410.757, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 3422.446, 'text': 'about how much certain families seem to be able to keep their people in the upper classes of the United States perpetually.', 'start': 3414.64, 'duration': 7.806}], 'summary': 'The prospect of a jeb bush versus hillary clinton election raises concerns about dynastic influence and anger over legacy admissions.', 'duration': 26.121, 'max_score': 3396.325, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg3396325.jpg'}, {'end': 3630.12, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3598.717, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3603.085, 'text': 'I can get what drives the right nuts to a degree in this.', 'start': 3598.717, 'duration': 4.368}, {'end': 3605.61, 'text': "I feel like they're constantly feeling like they're being gaslit.", 'start': 3603.285, 'duration': 2.325}, {'end': 3611.813, 'text': 'elite education is really insulting to the working class.', 'start': 3608.211, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 3621.016, 'text': "Part of the ideology that is dominant right now kind of treats almost 70% of the American public like they're.", 'start': 3613.413, 'duration': 7.603}, {'end': 3630.12, 'text': "we developed this a little bit in The Perfect Rhetorical Fortress, like they're to some way illegitimate and not worthy of respect or compassion.", 'start': 3621.016, 'duration': 9.104}], 'summary': 'Elite education insults working class, treating 70% as illegitimate.', 'duration': 31.403, 'max_score': 3598.717, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg3598717.jpg'}, {'end': 3765.717, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3742.161, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3751.666, 'text': "step one And I can attest to this because I was guilty of this as well that you can dismiss people if you can argue that they're conservative.", 'start': 3742.161, 'duration': 9.505}, {'end': 3754.048, 'text': "They don't have to be conservative, to be clear.", 'start': 3751.687, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 3756.15, 'text': 'You just have to say that they are.', 'start': 3754.509, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 3760.033, 'text': 'So I never read Thomas Sowell because he was a right winger.', 'start': 3756.771, 'duration': 3.262}, {'end': 3764.296, 'text': "i didn't read camille poglia because i was i.", 'start': 3760.974, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 3765.717, 'text': 'somebody convinced me she was a right winger.', 'start': 3764.296, 'duration': 1.421}], 'summary': 'People can be dismissed based on the perception of their political leanings, leading to avoidance of diverse perspectives.', 'duration': 23.556, 'max_score': 3742.161, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg3742161.jpg'}, {'end': 4344.813, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4313.551, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4318.353, 'text': 'you are also kind of making a claim that none of these cases matter as well.', 'start': 4313.551, 'duration': 4.802}, {'end': 4323.835, 'text': 'And I want people to care about censorship when it even is against people they hate.', 'start': 4318.493, 'duration': 5.342}, {'end': 4327.056, 'text': 'Censorship is censorship.', 'start': 4325.855, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 4331.317, 'text': 'If we can take that tangent.', 'start': 4329.637, 'duration': 1.68}, {'end': 4340.249, 'text': 'briefly, with DEI diversity, equity and inclusion, What is the good and what is the harm of such programs?', 'start': 4331.317, 'duration': 8.932}, {'end': 4344.813, 'text': 'DEI. I know people who are DEI consultants.', 'start': 4340.73, 'duration': 4.083}], 'summary': 'Advocating for caring about censorship, and discussing the benefits and harms of dei programs.', 'duration': 31.262, 'max_score': 4313.551, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg4313551.jpg'}], 'start': 3105.153, 'title': 'The impact of whataboutism', 'summary': 'Delves into the prevalence and impact of whataboutism in social media, highlighting its role in deflecting attention from crucial issues, misrepresenting perspectives, and weaponizing political allegiance. it emphasizes the need for empathy and comparative analysis in understanding societal issues and underscores the dangers of dismissiveness based on political labels.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3199.334, 'start': 3105.153, 'title': 'What is whataboutism?', 'summary': "Explores the prevalence of whataboutism in social media, its impact on argumentation, and the use of this tactic in deflecting attention from important issues, exemplified through instances like comparing biden's corruption with trump's and deflecting from discussions about the capitol hill riot by pointing to other events. the speaker also highlights the influence of whataboutism in humor and its role in diverting attention from crucial problems.", 'duration': 94.181, 'highlights': ["The prevalence of whataboutism in social media and its impact on argumentation, exemplified through instances like comparing Biden's corruption with Trump's.", 'The use of whataboutism in deflecting attention from important issues, as seen in discussions about the Capitol Hill riot by pointing to other events like the occupied parts of Seattle or Portland.', "The influence of whataboutism in humor, particularly in Jon Stewart's Daily Show, and its role in diverting attention from crucial problems.", "The speaker's personal experience during the Capitol Hill riot, emphasizing the severity of the event and the impact of whataboutism in deflecting attention."]}, {'end': 3596.911, 'start': 3199.334, 'title': 'Understanding political dynamics and social issues', 'summary': 'Addresses the dangers of whataboutism, misrepresenting perspectives, and the rise of repatrimonialization in the us, while emphasizing the need for empathy and comparative analysis in understanding societal issues.', 'duration': 397.577, 'highlights': ['The dangers of whataboutism and the need for empathy and understanding alternate perspectives is emphasized, with an example of misrepresenting the opposing perspective as strawmanning and the importance of steelmanning', 'The concern about the rise of repatrimonialization in the US and its potential impact on society is highlighted, with a reference to the fear of dynastic influence and the perpetuation of certain families in the ruling class', "The book 'Coddling the American Mind' is discussed, focusing on good intentions leading to harmful outcomes, especially in terms of anxiety, depression, and threats to freedom of speech, with a mention of the challenges faced during its writing"]}, {'end': 3816.677, 'start': 3598.717, 'title': 'Elitism and compassion in education', 'summary': 'Discusses the elitism and gaslighting in elite education, highlighting how it dismisses and devalues the working class, creating a perfect rhetorical fortress that deflects from actual arguments and perpetuates dismissiveness based on political labels.', 'duration': 217.96, 'highlights': ['The elitism in elite education dismisses and devalues the working class, treating them as illegitimate and unworthy of respect or compassion.', 'The development of a perfect rhetorical fortress on the left deflects from actual arguments by dismissing people based on political labels, perpetuating dismissiveness and lack of serious consideration.', 'The tendency to dismiss individuals by labeling them as conservative without engaging with their ideas is highlighted as a common and childish way of arguing, perpetuating intellectual habits that hinder genuine discourse.']}, {'end': 4366.283, 'start': 3817.162, 'title': 'Weaponizing political allegiance', 'summary': "Discusses the weaponization of political allegiance, particularly the use of 'right-wing' accusations to delegitimize individuals and organizations, citing examples and emphasizing the need to care about censorship regardless of political affiliation.", 'duration': 549.121, 'highlights': ["The popular tactic of labeling individuals or organizations as 'right-wing' to dismiss their opinions has been effective in delegitimizing thinkers, such as the ACLU and the New York Times, even among elites, leading to an erosion of critical thinking and open discourse.", 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of caring about censorship cases, regardless of the political affiliation of the affected parties, and highlights the need for the media to focus on free speech cases that are not politically charged, particularly those involving regular individuals facing power dynamics.', "The discussion delves into the need for people to recognize and address censorship, even when it impacts individuals or groups they may not align with politically, emphasizing that censorship is censorship regardless of the affected party's political orientation.", "The transcript highlights the weaponization of political allegiance through the use of the term 'right-wing' as a tactic to dismiss and delegitimize opinions and individuals, emphasizing the importance of countering this tactic and caring about free speech cases irrespective of political affiliations."]}], 'duration': 1261.13, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg3105153.jpg', 'highlights': ["The prevalence of whataboutism in social media and its impact on argumentation, exemplified through instances like comparing Biden's corruption with Trump's.", 'The use of whataboutism in deflecting attention from important issues, as seen in discussions about the Capitol Hill riot by pointing to other events like the occupied parts of Seattle or Portland.', 'The dangers of whataboutism and the need for empathy and understanding alternate perspectives is emphasized, with an example of misrepresenting the opposing perspective as strawmanning and the importance of steelmanning', 'The concern about the rise of repatrimonialization in the US and its potential impact on society is highlighted, with a reference to the fear of dynastic influence and the perpetuation of certain families in the ruling class', 'The elitism in elite education dismisses and devalues the working class, treating them as illegitimate and unworthy of respect or compassion.', "The popular tactic of labeling individuals or organizations as 'right-wing' to dismiss their opinions has been effective in delegitimizing thinkers, such as the ACLU and the New York Times, even among elites, leading to an erosion of critical thinking and open discourse."]}, {'end': 4870.666, 'segs': [{'end': 4852.113, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4797.577, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4800.02, 'text': 'Why does that have a negative effect? Is it because..', 'start': 4797.577, 'duration': 2.443}, {'end': 4815.667, 'text': 'It enforces a kind of group think where people are afraid, start becoming afraid to sort of think and speak freely, liberally about whatever.', 'start': 4801.241, 'duration': 14.426}, {'end': 4823.274, 'text': 'Well one it selects for people who tend to be farther to the left, in a situation where you already have people,', 'start': 4816.189, 'duration': 7.085}, {'end': 4826.215, 'text': 'a situation where universities do lean decidedly that way.', 'start': 4823.274, 'duration': 2.941}, {'end': 4839.744, 'text': "But it also establishes essentially a set of sacred ideas that if you're being quizzed on what you've done to advance anti-racism, um, inter, uh,", 'start': 4826.756, 'duration': 12.988}, {'end': 4845.188, 'text': "how you've been conscious of intersectionality, it's unlikely that you'd actually get in if you said by the way,", 'start': 4839.744, 'duration': 5.444}, {'end': 4852.113, 'text': "i actually think these are dubious concepts, i think they're thin, i think they're philosophically not very defensible, basically like if,", 'start': 4845.188, 'duration': 6.925}], 'summary': 'University culture fosters group think, impacting free speech and selecting left-leaning individuals.', 'duration': 54.536, 'max_score': 4797.577, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg4797577.jpg'}], 'start': 4366.903, 'title': 'Impact of crt and academic freedom crisis', 'summary': 'Delves into the divisive impact of critical race theory on dei, highlighting examples of ideological assumptions causing alienation. it also discusses the crisis of academic freedom, with over 1,000 attempts to get professors fired or punished between 2014 and 2023, leading to around 190 professors being fired.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4414.616, 'start': 4366.903, 'title': 'Impact of critical race theory on dei', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential divisive impact of critical race theory on diversity, equity, and inclusion (dei), and the need for common humanity identity politics in promoting unity, citing examples of ideological assumptions causing alienation and targeting of professors post-9/11.', 'duration': 47.713, 'highlights': ['The divisive impact of critical race theory on DEI is discussed, highlighting its potential to cause alienation and division among people involved in DEI efforts.', 'The need for common humanity identity politics in DEI is emphasized, with examples of how some ideological assumptions can lead to people feeling more alienated from each other.', 'Examples of professors being targeted post-9/11 are mentioned, illustrating the real impact of divisive ideologies on academic environments.']}, {'end': 4870.666, 'start': 4414.696, 'title': 'Crisis of academic freedom', 'summary': 'Discusses the crisis of academic freedom, highlighting over 1,000 attempts to get professors fired or punished between 2014 and 2023, with around 190 professors being fired, revealing a genuine crisis of academic freedom and the negative impact of requiring dei statements in the academic environment.', 'duration': 455.97, 'highlights': ['The chapter highlights over 1,000 attempts to get professors fired or punished between 2014 and 2023, with around 190 professors being fired, revealing a genuine crisis of academic freedom.', 'It emphasizes the negative impact of requiring DEI statements in the academic environment, where it selects for people who tend to be farther to the left and establishes a set of sacred ideas, further homogenizing ideological perspectives.', 'It reveals that 17% of surveyed professors reported being threatened with investigation or actually investigated for what they taught, said, or their research, indicating a significant impact on academic freedom.', 'The chapter discusses the Red Scare from 1947 to 1957, where around 62 professors were fired for being communist and about 90 professors were fired for political views overall, highlighting the current crisis of academic freedom with almost double the number of professors being fired in the modern era.']}], 'duration': 503.763, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg4366903.jpg', 'highlights': ['Over 1,000 attempts to get professors fired or punished between 2014 and 2023, with around 190 professors being fired, revealing a genuine crisis of academic freedom.', '17% of surveyed professors reported being threatened with investigation or actually investigated for what they taught, said, or their research, indicating a significant impact on academic freedom.', 'The divisive impact of critical race theory on DEI is discussed, highlighting its potential to cause alienation and division among people involved in DEI efforts.', 'The need for common humanity identity politics in DEI is emphasized, with examples of how some ideological assumptions can lead to people feeling more alienated from each other.']}, {'end': 5940.071, 'segs': [{'end': 5027.092, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5003.024, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 5009.265, 'text': 'When we did this question for professors on our latest faculty survey, when you factor together,', 'start': 5003.024, 'duration': 6.241}, {'end': 5012.046, 'text': 'we asked them are they self-censoring in their research??', 'start': 5009.265, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 5013.166, 'text': 'Are they self-censoring in class??', 'start': 5012.106, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 5015.107, 'text': 'Are they self-censoring online, et cetera?', 'start': 5013.206, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 5016.127, 'text': 'It was 90 percent.', 'start': 5015.387, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 5017.688, 'text': 'of professors.', 'start': 5017.107, 'duration': 0.581}, {'end': 5027.092, 'text': "So the idea that we're actually in an environment that is historic in terms of how scared people are actually of expressing controversial views.", 'start': 5018.148, 'duration': 8.944}], 'summary': '90% of professors self-censor in research, class, and online due to fear of expressing controversial views.', 'duration': 24.068, 'max_score': 5003.024, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg5003024.jpg'}, {'end': 5170.04, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5125.454, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5131.517, 'text': 'But when you look at different departments, there are elite departments that have literally no conservatives in them.', 'start': 5125.454, 'duration': 6.063}, {'end': 5135.32, 'text': "And I think that's an unhealthy intellectual environment.", 'start': 5131.698, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 5137.161, 'text': 'The problem is definitely worse.', 'start': 5135.72, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 5144.405, 'text': 'As you get more elite, we definitely see more cases of lefty professors getting canceled at less elite schools.', 'start': 5138.241, 'duration': 6.164}, {'end': 5148.168, 'text': 'It gets worse as you get down from the elite schools.', 'start': 5144.705, 'duration': 3.463}, {'end': 5158.434, 'text': "That's where a lot of the one-third of attempts to get professors punished that are successful do come from the right and largely from off-campus sources.", 'start': 5148.208, 'duration': 10.226}, {'end': 5161.396, 'text': 'And we spend a lot of time talking about that in the book as well.', 'start': 5158.494, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 5164.158, 'text': "It's something that I do think is underappreciated.", 'start': 5162.457, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 5170.04, 'text': "Uh, but when it comes to the low, low viewpoint diversity, it it's you know, it works out kind of like you'd expect,", 'start': 5165.018, 'duration': 5.022}], 'summary': 'Elite departments lack conservative representation, leading to an unhealthy intellectual environment, with one-third of successful attempts to punish professors coming from off-campus right-wing sources.', 'duration': 44.586, 'max_score': 5125.454, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg5125454.jpg'}, {'end': 5476.022, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 5377.734, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 5380.335, 'text': 'John McWhorter talked about having a reporter.', 'start': 5377.734, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 5388.44, 'text': 'when he talked about, when he showed that he dissented from some of what he described as kind of like woke racism in his book Woke Ideas,', 'start': 5380.335, 'duration': 8.105}, {'end': 5390.681, 'text': 'the reporter actually is like so do you consider yourself black??', 'start': 5388.44, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 5393.123, 'text': "He's like what are you crazy?", 'start': 5390.862, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 5393.724, 'text': 'Of course I do.', 'start': 5393.143, 'duration': 0.581}, {'end': 5396.726, 'text': 'And Coleman Hughes had one of the best quotes on it.', 'start': 5394.084, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 5405.433, 'text': "He said, I'm constantly being told that the most important thing to how legitimate my opinion is, is whether or not I'm black.", 'start': 5396.806, 'duration': 8.627}, {'end': 5409.534, 'text': "But then when I have a dissenting opinion, I get told I'm not really black.", 'start': 5405.953, 'duration': 3.581}, {'end': 5411.655, 'text': 'So, mwah, perfect.', 'start': 5409.974, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 5415.196, 'text': "There's no way to falsify this argument.", 'start': 5412.095, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 5419.398, 'text': 'That investigation really struck me.', 'start': 5415.977, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 5426.941, 'text': 'And you lay this out really nicely in the book, that there is this process of saying, are you conservative? Yes, you can dismiss the person.', 'start': 5419.838, 'duration': 7.103}, {'end': 5429.642, 'text': 'Are you white? Dismiss the person.', 'start': 5427.741, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 5431.542, 'text': 'Are you male? You can dismiss the person.', 'start': 5429.722, 'duration': 1.82}, {'end': 5432.643, 'text': "There's these categories.", 'start': 5431.582, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 5437.831, 'text': "that make it easier for you to dismiss a person's ideas based on that.", 'start': 5433.343, 'duration': 4.488}, {'end': 5440.716, 'text': 'And like you said, you end up in that tiny percentage and you can still dismiss.', 'start': 5437.891, 'duration': 2.825}, {'end': 5442.268, 'text': "And it's not just dismissed.", 'start': 5440.987, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 5447.83, 'text': 'We talk about this from a practical standpoint, the way the limitations on, you know, reality.', 'start': 5442.308, 'duration': 5.522}, {'end': 5449.05, 'text': 'And one of them is time.', 'start': 5448.11, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 5458.234, 'text': 'And a lot of cancel culture as cultural norms, as this way of winning arguments without winning arguments, is about running out the clock.', 'start': 5449.811, 'duration': 8.423}, {'end': 5467.458, 'text': 'Because by the time you get down to the bottom of the actually even to get a couple steps into the perfect rhetorical fortress and you know Where is the time gone?', 'start': 5458.735, 'duration': 8.723}, {'end': 5476.022, 'text': 'You probably just give up trying to actually have the argument and you never get to the argument in the first place.', 'start': 5467.498, 'duration': 8.524}], 'summary': 'Mcwhorter and hughes discuss dismissing dissenting opinions based on race, gender, and ideology, impacting the ability to engage in meaningful debate.', 'duration': 98.288, 'max_score': 5377.734, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg5377734.jpg'}, {'end': 5419.398, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5396.806, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5405.433, 'text': "He said, I'm constantly being told that the most important thing to how legitimate my opinion is, is whether or not I'm black.", 'start': 5396.806, 'duration': 8.627}, {'end': 5409.534, 'text': "But then when I have a dissenting opinion, I get told I'm not really black.", 'start': 5405.953, 'duration': 3.581}, {'end': 5411.655, 'text': 'So, mwah, perfect.', 'start': 5409.974, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 5415.196, 'text': "There's no way to falsify this argument.", 'start': 5412.095, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 5419.398, 'text': 'That investigation really struck me.', 'start': 5415.977, 'duration': 3.421}], 'summary': 'The speaker faces challenges in having their opinion validated based on their race, leading to frustration and a sense of invalidation.', 'duration': 22.592, 'max_score': 5396.806, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg5396806.jpg'}, {'end': 5888.267, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5860.224, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5867.289, 'text': 'and the way it was was with with the idea of hate speech, that essentially, oh, but you should, um.', 'start': 5860.224, 'duration': 7.065}, {'end': 5874.815, 'text': "we can designate particularly bad speech as, uh, not protected, um, and and Who's going to enforce it?", 'start': 5867.289, 'duration': 7.526}, {'end': 5876.857, 'text': "Who's going to decide what hate speech actually is?", 'start': 5874.835, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 5882.862, 'text': "Well, it's usually overwhelmingly, can only happen in an environment of really low viewpoint diversity,", 'start': 5877.477, 'duration': 5.385}, {'end': 5888.267, 'text': 'because you have to actually agree on what the most hateful and wrong things are.', 'start': 5882.862, 'duration': 5.405}], 'summary': 'Hate speech regulation requires consensus on enforcement, impacting viewpoint diversity.', 'duration': 28.043, 'max_score': 5860.224, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg5860224.jpg'}], 'start': 4871.426, 'title': 'Academic fear and left-leaning academia', 'summary': 'Examines the prevalence of academic fear and self-censorship, with 25-28% of students and 90% of professors self-censoring. it also delves into the impact of left-leaning academia on viewpoint diversity, highlighting low conservative representation and hindrance of productive discourse.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5017.688, 'start': 4871.426, 'title': 'Academic fear and self-censorship', 'summary': 'Explores the pervasive fear and self-censorship in academia, with statistics revealing that 25-28% of students self-censor often, and 90% of professors admit to self-censoring in various aspects of their work.', 'duration': 146.262, 'highlights': ['90% of professors admit to self-censoring in various aspects of their work, including research, class discussions, and online activities. The latest faculty survey revealed that 90% of professors admitted to self-censoring in their research, class discussions, and online activities.', '25-28% of students self-censor often during conversations with other students, with professors, and during classroom discussions. Statistics show that at least a quarter of students self-censor fairly often or very often during conversations with other students, with professors, and during classroom discussions.', '9% of professors admitted to self-censoring their research and speech due to fear of the environment. A significant 9% of professors admitted to self-censoring their research and speech due to fear of the environment, reflecting a chilling effect on academic freedom.']}, {'end': 5629.756, 'start': 5018.148, 'title': 'The impact of left leaning academia', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of left-leaning academia on viewpoint diversity, highlighting the low representation of conservatives, the dismissal mechanisms based on demographics, and the efficient rhetorical fortress on both the left and the right, leading to a lack of diversity of thought and the hindrance of productive discourse.', 'duration': 611.608, 'highlights': ['The estimate from the Crimson is that Harvard has 3% conservatives, with elite departments having literally no conservatives, portraying an unhealthy intellectual environment. The low representation of conservatives at Harvard and elite departments indicates a lack of viewpoint diversity, contributing to an unhealthy intellectual environment.', 'The research indicates that groups with low political diversity tend to produce more extreme outcomes, contributing to the lack of moderate viewpoints in academia. Research suggests that low political diversity within groups leads to more extreme outcomes, highlighting the impact of the lack of diverse perspectives in academia.', 'The efficient rhetorical fortress on both the left and the right dismisses individuals based on demographics, leading to a lack of diversity of thought and hindrance of productive discourse. The efficient dismissal mechanisms based on demographics on both the left and the right hinder productive discourse and contribute to the lack of diversity of thought in academia.']}, {'end': 5940.071, 'start': 5630.276, 'title': 'Threats to expertise and freedom of speech', 'summary': "Discusses the impact of cancel culture on expertise, exemplified by the case of jennifer say at levi's regarding covid, and the danger of hate speech in threatening freedom of speech, particularly in academia, with a focus on critical race theory.", 'duration': 309.795, 'highlights': ["The impact of cancel culture on expertise, exemplified by the case of Jennifer Say at Levi's regarding COVID, and the danger of hate speech in threatening freedom of speech, particularly in academia, with a focus on critical race theory. The discussion on cancel culture's impact on expertise and the danger of hate speech in threatening freedom of speech is the most relevant and significant aspect of the transcript, providing insight into the challenges faced by individuals like Jennifer Say and the broader implications on academic freedom.", "The devastating impact of school closures on disadvantaged youths during the COVID pandemic, as highlighted by Jennifer Say's advocacy for reopening schools. Jennifer Say's advocacy for reopening schools and the subsequent recognition of the devastating impact on disadvantaged youths provides a tangible example of the consequences of cancel culture and the importance of considering diverse viewpoints.", 'The concept that freedom of speech includes the right to express wrong ideas, emphasizing the necessity of engaging in idea exploration and speculation. The discussion on the necessity of freedom of speech to encompass the expression of wrong ideas and the importance of engaging in idea exploration showcases the fundamental role of free speech in fostering intellectual growth and progress.']}], 'duration': 1068.645, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg4871426.jpg', 'highlights': ['90% of professors admit to self-censoring in various aspects of their work, including research, class discussions, and online activities.', '25-28% of students self-censor often during conversations with other students, with professors, and during classroom discussions.', 'The low representation of conservatives at Harvard and elite departments indicates a lack of viewpoint diversity, contributing to an unhealthy intellectual environment.', 'Research suggests that low political diversity within groups leads to more extreme outcomes, highlighting the impact of the lack of diverse perspectives in academia.', 'The efficient dismissal mechanisms based on demographics on both the left and the right hinder productive discourse and contribute to the lack of diversity of thought in academia.', "The discussion on cancel culture's impact on expertise and the danger of hate speech in threatening freedom of speech is the most relevant and significant aspect of the transcript, providing insight into the challenges faced by individuals like Jennifer Say and the broader implications on academic freedom.", "Jennifer Say's advocacy for reopening schools and the subsequent recognition of the devastating impact on disadvantaged youths provides a tangible example of the consequences of cancel culture and the importance of considering diverse viewpoints.", 'The discussion on the necessity of freedom of speech to encompass the expression of wrong ideas and the importance of engaging in idea exploration showcases the fundamental role of free speech in fostering intellectual growth and progress.']}, {'end': 6956.18, 'segs': [{'end': 6070.662, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6040.114, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6049.123, 'text': "and one which we talk about in the book one very real practical way it makes things worse is when you censor people, it doesn't change their opinion.", 'start': 6040.114, 'duration': 9.009}, {'end': 6053.867, 'text': 'It just encourages them to not share it with people who will get them in trouble.', 'start': 6049.383, 'duration': 4.484}, {'end': 6058.871, 'text': 'It leads them to talk to people who they already agree with, and group polarization takes off.', 'start': 6053.887, 'duration': 4.984}, {'end': 6070.662, 'text': 'We have some interesting data in the book about how driving people off of Twitter, for example, in 2017, and then again, I think, in 2020,', 'start': 6059.512, 'duration': 11.15}], 'summary': 'Censorship can lead to group polarization and data shows people being driven off twitter in 2017 and 2020.', 'duration': 30.548, 'max_score': 6040.114, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg6040114.jpg'}, {'end': 6180.786, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6154.368, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 6160.47, 'text': "Daryl Davis, who I'm sure you're familiar with, part of his goal was just simply to get to know where people were coming from.", 'start': 6154.368, 'duration': 6.102}, {'end': 6164.352, 'text': "And in the process he actually de-radicalized a number of Klan's members.", 'start': 6160.51, 'duration': 3.842}, {'end': 6170.596, 'text': 'when they actually realized that this Black man, who had befriended them, actually was compassionate, was a decent person,', 'start': 6164.352, 'duration': 6.244}, {'end': 6172.418, 'text': 'they realized all their preconceptions were wrong.', 'start': 6170.596, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 6175.04, 'text': 'So it can have a de-radicalizing factor, by the way.', 'start': 6172.478, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 6180.786, 'text': "But even when it doesn't, it's still really important to know what the bad people in your society think.", 'start': 6175.421, 'duration': 5.365}], 'summary': 'Daryl davis de-radicalized klan members through compassionate interactions.', 'duration': 26.418, 'max_score': 6154.368, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg6154368.jpg'}, {'end': 6659.103, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6614.944, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6620.367, 'text': "And it almost seems like he's going to shout out, kind of like, you're making this Nazi rally into a mockery.", 'start': 6614.944, 'duration': 5.423}, {'end': 6626.771, 'text': 'So it showed how actually allowing the Nazis to speak at Skokie kind of took the wind out of their sails.', 'start': 6621.028, 'duration': 5.743}, {'end': 6635.976, 'text': 'If they had the whole movement, everybody just kind of it, all kind of dissolved after that because they looked like racist fools that they were.', 'start': 6627.171, 'duration': 8.805}, {'end': 6640.237, 'text': 'they were, you know, even blues brothers made you know jokes about them.', 'start': 6635.976, 'duration': 4.261}, {'end': 6645.819, 'text': "um, and it, and it didn't turn into the disaster that people thought it was going to be, just by letting them speak.", 'start': 6640.237, 'duration': 5.582}, {'end': 6646.599, 'text': 'and ira glass here.', 'start': 6645.819, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 6659.103, 'text': 'okay. so he has this wonderful story about how jackie robinson joined the brooklyn dodgers and how there was a moment when it was seeing someone an african-american,', 'start': 6646.599, 'duration': 12.504}], 'summary': "Allowing nazis to speak at skokie weakened their movement and led to its dissolution; it didn't turn into the disaster people expected.", 'duration': 44.159, 'max_score': 6614.944, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg6614944.jpg'}, {'end': 6791.852, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6761.813, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6767.736, 'text': "they're like i'm gonna punish you, uh, for this or, and that's one of the reasons why i got depressed writing this book,", 'start': 6761.813, 'duration': 5.923}, {'end': 6769.877, 'text': "because you know it's already.", 'start': 6767.736, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 6772.718, 'text': "there's already people who don't love me because of coddling the american mind,", 'start': 6769.877, 'duration': 2.841}, {'end': 6776.319, 'text': 'usually based on a misunderstanding of what we actually said in coddling in the american mind.', 'start': 6772.718, 'duration': 3.601}, {'end': 6784.343, 'text': "but nonetheless, uh, but on this one, you know, like i'm calling out people for being very cruel in a lot of cases.", 'start': 6776.319, 'duration': 8.024}, {'end': 6791.852, 'text': 'But one thing that was really scary about studying a lot of these cases is that once you have that target on your back,', 'start': 6785.123, 'duration': 6.729}], 'summary': 'Author addresses cruelty in society leading to depression.', 'duration': 30.039, 'max_score': 6761.813, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg6761813.jpg'}, {'end': 6908.492, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6871.445, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6875.189, 'text': "And we'll never make a big dent in it, but the journey will be amazing.", 'start': 6871.445, 'duration': 3.744}, {'end': 6879.145, 'text': 'but only fools think they know everything.', 'start': 6875.962, 'duration': 3.183}, {'end': 6882.467, 'text': 'um, and sometimes dangerous fools at that.', 'start': 6879.145, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 6890.774, 'text': 'so giving the sense of intellectual humility early on, being also, you know, saying things that actually do sound kind of old-fashioned like.', 'start': 6882.467, 'duration': 8.307}, {'end': 6899.422, 'text': 'but i say things to my kids like listen, if you enjoy study and work, both things that I very much enjoy.', 'start': 6890.774, 'duration': 8.648}, {'end': 6900.203, 'text': 'I do for fun.', 'start': 6899.442, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 6904.128, 'text': "Um, your life is going to feel great and it's going to feel easy.", 'start': 6901.104, 'duration': 3.024}, {'end': 6908.492, 'text': 'Um, so some, some, you know, some of those old fashioned virtues are things I try to preach.', 'start': 6904.148, 'duration': 4.344}], 'summary': 'Promoting intellectual humility and old-fashioned virtues leads to a fulfilling life.', 'duration': 37.047, 'max_score': 6871.445, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg6871445.jpg'}], 'start': 5940.151, 'title': 'Freedom of speech and understanding extremist ideologies', 'summary': "Discusses the importance of freedom of speech in understanding people's true thoughts, the de-radicalizing impact of building relationships with individuals holding extreme views, and the need for curiosity in conversations to gain a deeper understanding of differing perspectives. it also highlights the new documentary about ira glasser, the former head of the aclu, and the challenges of cancel culture.", 'chapters': [{'end': 6153.768, 'start': 5940.151, 'title': 'Freedom of speech and knowledge', 'summary': "Discusses the importance of freedom of speech in understanding people's true thoughts, the limitations of hate speech bans, and the negative impact of censorship on radicalization, supported by examples including the driving of people to gab from twitter and the need to study and understand extremist ideologies for historical and political analysis.", 'duration': 213.617, 'highlights': ["The importance of understanding people's true thoughts and the negative impact of restricting speech on gaining knowledge is emphasized, with an example of how censorship can lead to preference falsification and an inaccurate picture of the world. N/A", 'The ineffectiveness of hate speech bans and the potential negative consequences are highlighted, supported by the example of how such restrictions can lead to the perception of increased prejudice and worsen the situation. N/A', 'The negative impact of censorship on radicalization is discussed, with specific examples of how driving people off Twitter to gab led to greater radicalization, supported by solid research. Data on how driving people off of Twitter to gab led to greater radicalization.', 'The importance of studying and understanding extremist ideologies for historical and political analysis is emphasized, using the example of the need to study QAnon to understand its origins and motivations. N/A']}, {'end': 6386.609, 'start': 6154.368, 'title': 'Freedom of speech and de-radicalization', 'summary': "Discusses the de-radicalizing impact of building relationships with individuals holding extreme views, the importance of understanding the perspectives of 'bad people' in society, and the long-term benefits of freedom of speech despite short-term harm.", 'duration': 232.241, 'highlights': ["Daryl Davis de-radicalized a number of Klan's members through compassionate interactions, challenging their preconceptions (quantifiable impact: de-radicalization of Klan's members).", "Understanding the perspectives of 'bad people' in society is important for personal safety and societal progress, emphasizing the significance of knowing their thoughts (quantifiable impact: improved societal understanding and safety).", 'Freedom of speech, even in the case of KKK on campus, can bring more long-term benefits than short-term harm, aiding in the pursuit of truth and deeper societal understanding (quantifiable impact: long-term societal progress and truth attainment).', 'The responsibility of handling speech without censoring involves understanding and compassion, requiring deep historical knowledge and effort to approach conversations with skill and create more love in the world (quantifiable impact: promoting love through skillful handling of speech).']}, {'end': 6523.83, 'start': 6386.609, 'title': 'Importance of curiosity in conversations', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the need for curiosity in conversations, advocating for a deeper understanding of differing perspectives and the importance of conducting well-researched, empathetic interviews, particularly showcased by documentary filmmakers and biographers.', 'duration': 137.221, 'highlights': ['Advocacy for curiosity and understanding differing perspectives The chapter stresses the importance of curiosity in conversations and the need for understanding differing perspectives, emphasizing that curiosity is the cure for unwarranted certainty.', 'Emphasis on conducting well-researched, empathetic interviews The importance of conducting well-researched, empathetic interviews is highlighted, particularly showcasing the exemplary work of documentary filmmakers and biographers in deeply understanding the individuals and their perspectives.', "Comparison of interviewers' work with documentary interviews The chapter critiques interviewers for not delving deeply into understanding individuals and their perspectives, contrasting it with the exemplary work seen in interviews that are part of a documentary."]}, {'end': 6956.18, 'start': 6524.011, 'title': 'Documentary on ira glasser', 'summary': "Discusses the new documentary about ira glasser, the former head of the aclu, and highlights the story of the aclu's defense of nazis in skokie, emphasizing the importance of seeing others as part of the same team and the challenges of cancel culture.", 'duration': 432.169, 'highlights': ["The documentary about Ira Glasser, the former head of the ACLU, is recommended, and it follows his life and times, including the ACLU's defense of Nazis at Skokie, showcasing the importance of seeing others as part of the same team and the impact of cancel culture.", 'Ira Glasser, former head of the ACLU, started at the NYCLU in the 60s, became president of the ACLU during the Skokie case, and played a significant role in the organization, demonstrating the impact of effective leadership in challenging times.', "The documentary showcases the story of the ACLU's defense of Nazis in Skokie, highlighting how allowing them to speak ultimately diminished their influence and the significance of expanding one's circle to address societal issues.", 'The chapter delves into the challenges of cancel culture, emphasizing the impact of offensive archaeology and the fear of being targeted for any past opinion, highlighting the harmful nature of this phenomenon and its lack of contribution to the truth.']}], 'duration': 1016.029, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg5940151.jpg', 'highlights': ["Understanding people's true thoughts and the negative impact of restricting speech on gaining knowledge is emphasized, with an example of how censorship can lead to preference falsification and an inaccurate picture of the world.", 'The negative impact of censorship on radicalization is discussed, with specific examples of how driving people off Twitter to gab led to greater radicalization, supported by solid research.', "Daryl Davis de-radicalized a number of Klan's members through compassionate interactions, challenging their preconceptions.", 'Freedom of speech, even in the case of KKK on campus, can bring more long-term benefits than short-term harm, aiding in the pursuit of truth and deeper societal understanding.', 'The responsibility of handling speech without censoring involves understanding and compassion, requiring deep historical knowledge and effort to approach conversations with skill and create more love in the world.', 'The chapter stresses the importance of curiosity in conversations and the need for understanding differing perspectives, emphasizing that curiosity is the cure for unwarranted certainty.', 'The importance of conducting well-researched, empathetic interviews is highlighted, particularly showcasing the exemplary work of documentary filmmakers and biographers in deeply understanding the individuals and their perspectives.', "The documentary about Ira Glasser, the former head of the ACLU, is recommended, and it follows his life and times, including the ACLU's defense of Nazis at Skokie, showcasing the importance of seeing others as part of the same team and the impact of cancel culture.", 'The chapter delves into the challenges of cancel culture, emphasizing the impact of offensive archaeology and the fear of being targeted for any past opinion, highlighting the harmful nature of this phenomenon and its lack of contribution to the truth.']}, {'end': 7575.005, 'segs': [{'end': 6999.261, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6974.95, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6981.654, 'text': 'accept the fact that sometimes people are going to say things that piss you off, take seriously the possibility of being wrong and be curious.', 'start': 6974.95, 'duration': 6.704}, {'end': 6988.997, 'text': "Well, I have hope that the thing you mentioned, which is because so much of young people's stuff is on the internet,", 'start': 6982.074, 'duration': 6.923}, {'end': 6992.838, 'text': "that they're going to give each other a break, because then everybody is cancel worthy.", 'start': 6988.997, 'duration': 3.841}, {'end': 6995.639, 'text': 'Generation Z hates cancel culture the most.', 'start': 6993.018, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 6999.261, 'text': "And that's another reason why it's like people still claiming this is even happening.", 'start': 6995.839, 'duration': 3.422}], 'summary': 'Generation z dislikes cancel culture, as much of their content is online.', 'duration': 24.311, 'max_score': 6974.95, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg6974950.jpg'}, {'end': 7238.758, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7213.176, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 7220.082, 'text': "There's nothing you can do to make the period after the printing press came out to be a non-disruptive,", 'start': 7213.176, 'duration': 6.906}, {'end': 7228.108, 'text': 'non-crazy period other than absolute totalitarianism, and destroy all the print presses, which simply was not possible in Europe.', 'start': 7220.082, 'duration': 8.026}, {'end': 7231.231, 'text': "So I feel like that's kind of like where we are now.", 'start': 7228.869, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 7238.758, 'text': 'That disruption came from adding, I think, several million people to the European conversation and then eventually the global conversation.', 'start': 7231.972, 'duration': 6.786}], 'summary': 'Printing press led to disruptive period, adding millions to global conversation.', 'duration': 25.582, 'max_score': 7213.176, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg7213176.jpg'}, {'end': 7302.754, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7278.476, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 7285.66, 'text': "we're going at something that, And no amount of sort of top-down is going to be able to fix it.", 'start': 7278.476, 'duration': 7.184}, {'end': 7300.672, 'text': "We have to culturally adapt to the fact of it in ways that make us wiser and allow it potentially to be that wonderful engine for disconfirmation that we're nowhere near yet,", 'start': 7285.8, 'duration': 14.872}, {'end': 7301.132, 'text': 'by the way.', 'start': 7300.672, 'duration': 0.46}, {'end': 7302.754, 'text': 'But think about it.', 'start': 7301.453, 'duration': 1.301}], 'summary': 'Cultural adaptation is needed to harness the potential of disconfirmation as an engine for growth and wisdom.', 'duration': 24.278, 'max_score': 7278.476, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg7278476.jpg'}, {'end': 7410.17, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7379.394, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7384.357, 'text': "but now we're kind of looking at our collective brain in real time and it's filled, just like our own brains,", 'start': 7379.394, 'duration': 4.963}, {'end': 7392.202, 'text': 'with all sorts of like little crazy things that pop up and and and appear like virtual particles kind of all over the place of people.', 'start': 7384.357, 'duration': 7.845}, {'end': 7395.564, 'text': 'um, you know, reacting in real time to things.', 'start': 7392.202, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 7402.167, 'text': "there's never been anything even vaguely like it, and it can be at its worst awful to see.", 'start': 7395.564, 'duration': 6.603}, {'end': 7403.087, 'text': 'at its best.', 'start': 7402.167, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 7410.17, 'text': 'sometimes, seeing people like just getting euphoric over something going on and cracking absolutely brilliant immediate jokes, you know,', 'start': 7403.087, 'duration': 7.083}], 'summary': 'Real-time collective brain filled with virtual particles, reactions, and immediate jokes.', 'duration': 30.776, 'max_score': 7379.394, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg7379394.jpg'}], 'start': 6956.24, 'title': 'The impact of cancel culture and tudor censorship', 'summary': 'Addresses the negative impact of cancel culture on young people, particularly generation z, and the effects of censorship during the tudor dynasty, emphasizing the potential for social media to evolve into a beneficial tool for disconfirmation and problem-solving.', 'chapters': [{'end': 7110.58, 'start': 6956.24, 'title': 'Challenging cancel culture', 'summary': 'Discusses the negative impact of cancel culture on young people, advocating for a future where flaws are embraced, as generation z detests cancel culture the most, and promoting a culture of grace, curiosity, and acceptance of imperfections.', 'duration': 154.34, 'highlights': ['Generation Z detests cancel culture the most. The younger generation, Generation Z, holds a strong aversion to cancel culture, indicating a widespread disapproval of this phenomenon.', 'Advocating for a future where flaws are embraced. The speaker expresses a hope for a future where imperfections and insecurities are openly acknowledged and embraced, fostering a better world through human connection.', 'Promoting a culture of grace, curiosity, and acceptance of imperfections. The chapter advocates for an environment where people extend grace, demonstrate curiosity, and accept imperfections, emphasizing the importance of creating a supportive and understanding culture.']}, {'end': 7575.005, 'start': 7111.521, 'title': 'Censorship during the tudor dynasty', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of censorship during the tudor dynasty, particularly the licensing of the printing press by henry viii, the disruptive effects of the printing press, the parallels with the current period of social media, and the potential for social media to evolve into a beneficial tool for disconfirmation and problem-solving.', 'duration': 463.484, 'highlights': ['The licensing of the printing press by Henry VIII in 1538 aimed to prevent heretical work and anti-Henry VIII content, reflecting the disruptive impact of the printing press on society.', 'The printing press led to distress, misinformation, and religious wars, similar to the disruptive effects of social media, highlighting the parallels between the two periods of technological advancement.', 'The chapter draws a parallel between the disruptive effects of the printing press in the Tudor dynasty and the current period of social media, emphasizing the inevitability of an anarchical period and the need for cultural adaptation to harness the potential benefits of social media.', "The potential for social media to evolve into a tool for disconfirmation and problem-solving is highlighted, with the comparison to the printing press's role in creating the scientific revolution, the enlightenment, and the discovery of ignorance, emphasizing the long-term benefits of technological advancements."]}], 'duration': 618.765, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg6956240.jpg', 'highlights': ["The potential for social media to evolve into a tool for disconfirmation and problem-solving is highlighted, with the comparison to the printing press's role in creating the scientific revolution, the enlightenment, and the discovery of ignorance, emphasizing the long-term benefits of technological advancements.", 'The chapter draws a parallel between the disruptive effects of the printing press in the Tudor dynasty and the current period of social media, emphasizing the inevitability of an anarchical period and the need for cultural adaptation to harness the potential benefits of social media.', 'Promoting a culture of grace, curiosity, and acceptance of imperfections. The chapter advocates for an environment where people extend grace, demonstrate curiosity, and accept imperfections, emphasizing the importance of creating a supportive and understanding culture.', 'Advocating for a future where flaws are embraced. The speaker expresses a hope for a future where imperfections and insecurities are openly acknowledged and embraced, fostering a better world through human connection.', 'The licensing of the printing press by Henry VIII in 1538 aimed to prevent heretical work and anti-Henry VIII content, reflecting the disruptive impact of the printing press on society.', 'Generation Z detests cancel culture the most. The younger generation, Generation Z, holds a strong aversion to cancel culture, indicating a widespread disapproval of this phenomenon.']}, {'end': 8099.848, 'segs': [{'end': 7718.909, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7689.057, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7691.719, 'text': "Yeah You know? I mean, there's the, you know, the whole flow thing.", 'start': 7689.057, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 7699.526, 'text': 'I just feel YouTube recommendation is, for better or worse, if used correctly, it feels like it does a pretty good job.', 'start': 7691.979, 'duration': 7.547}, {'end': 7706.874, 'text': "Whenever. I just refuse to click on stuff that's just dopamine-based and click on only educational things.", 'start': 7699.866, 'duration': 7.008}, {'end': 7709.036, 'text': 'the recommendation it provides are really damn good.', 'start': 7706.874, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 7711.578, 'text': "So I feel like it's a solvable solution.", 'start': 7709.056, 'duration': 2.522}, {'end': 7718.909, 'text': 'problem, at least in the space of education, of challenging yourself, but also expanding your realm of knowledge and all this kind of stuff.', 'start': 7712.319, 'duration': 6.59}], 'summary': 'Youtube recommendations can be effective for education if used correctly, providing good suggestions, and solving challenges in expanding knowledge.', 'duration': 29.852, 'max_score': 7689.057, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg7689057.jpg'}, {'end': 7793.102, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7769.507, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 7777.47, 'text': "It's one of the reasons why we're also aware of how shoddy our research is, how much our expert class is arrogant in many cases,", 'start': 7769.507, 'duration': 7.963}, {'end': 7783.255, 'text': "but people don't want to live in a world where they don't have people that they respect and they can look at.", 'start': 7777.47, 'duration': 5.785}, {'end': 7793.102, 'text': "And I think what's happening possibly now but will continue to happen is people are going to establish themselves as being high integrity,", 'start': 7783.935, 'duration': 9.167}], 'summary': 'Research is shoddy, experts are arrogant, people seek respect and integrity.', 'duration': 23.595, 'max_score': 7769.507, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg7769507.jpg'}, {'end': 7899.129, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7873.867, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7884.256, 'text': "One of which is each editor kind of for themselves declares, you know, I'm into politics and I really kind of left leaning guy.", 'start': 7873.867, 'duration': 10.389}, {'end': 7889.241, 'text': "So I really shouldn't be editing political articles because I have bias.", 'start': 7884.276, 'duration': 4.965}, {'end': 7894.365, 'text': "So they declare their biases and they're often do a good job of actually declaring the biases,", 'start': 7889.561, 'duration': 4.804}, {'end': 7899.129, 'text': "but they'll still like they'll find a way to justify themselves.", 'start': 7894.365, 'duration': 4.764}], 'summary': 'Editors declare biases, but still find ways to justify themselves.', 'duration': 25.262, 'max_score': 7873.867, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg7873867.jpg'}], 'start': 7575.005, 'title': 'Living, freedom, and internet challenges', 'summary': "Explores optimal living, freedom, personalized algorithms in education, and challenges in education and integrity on the internet, emphasizing youtube recommendations' effectiveness, cultural adjustment's impact on education, and the flaws of platforms like wikipedia.", 'chapters': [{'end': 7711.578, 'start': 7575.005, 'title': 'Optimal living and freedom', 'summary': 'Explores the desire for an optimal way of living, the balance between freedom and guidance, and the potential of personalized algorithms in providing educational content, with an emphasis on the effectiveness of youtube recommendations.', 'duration': 136.573, 'highlights': ['The desire for an optimal way of living and the willingness to give up some freedom for guidance, while also acknowledging the fear associated with this path, is a key aspect of human nature.', 'The potential of personalized algorithms to provide educational content and cater to individual preferences is highlighted, with a specific emphasis on the effectiveness of YouTube recommendations in offering valuable suggestions based on user preferences.', 'The importance of balancing engaging content with educational material and the potential for algorithms to learn from long-term user behavior to optimize recommendations for long-term happiness is discussed, illustrating the desire for a personalized and educational online experience.']}, {'end': 8099.848, 'start': 7712.319, 'title': 'Challenges in education and integrity on the internet', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges in education during a period of cultural adjustment and the need for integrity on the internet, emphasizing the impact of additional eyes on problems, the potential for creating a major improvement in idea generation, and the flaws of platforms like wikipedia.', 'duration': 387.529, 'highlights': ['The impact of additional eyes on problems can tear down any institution, person, or idea. The potential impact of additional eyes on problems in tearing down institutions, people, or ideas is emphasized.', 'The need for integrity on the internet and the potential to inspire a large number of people to become higher in integrity. The importance of integrity on the internet and its potential to inspire a large number of people to strive for higher integrity is highlighted.', 'The flaws of platforms like Wikipedia in terms of accessibility, bias, and the potential for personal attacks in articles. The flaws of platforms like Wikipedia in terms of accessibility, bias, and potential for personal attacks in articles are discussed.']}], 'duration': 524.843, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg7575005.jpg', 'highlights': ['The potential of personalized algorithms to provide educational content and cater to individual preferences, with a specific emphasis on the effectiveness of YouTube recommendations.', 'The importance of balancing engaging content with educational material and the potential for algorithms to learn from long-term user behavior to optimize recommendations for long-term happiness.', 'The desire for a personalized and educational online experience.', 'The need for integrity on the internet and its potential to inspire a large number of people to strive for higher integrity.', 'The flaws of platforms like Wikipedia in terms of accessibility, bias, and potential for personal attacks in articles.', 'The impact of additional eyes on problems in tearing down institutions, people, or ideas.']}, {'end': 9108.58, 'segs': [{'end': 8209.313, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8145.033, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8147.954, 'text': 'What has been your experience with depression??', 'start': 8145.033, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 8150.975, 'text': 'What has been your experience getting out of it, overcoming it?', 'start': 8148.394, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 8153.64, 'text': 'Yeah, I mean the whole thing,', 'start': 8152.119, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 8166.545, 'text': 'the whole journey with Coddling the American Mind began with me at the Belmont Psychiatric Facility in Philadelphia back in 2007..', 'start': 8153.64, 'duration': 12.905}, {'end': 8175.914, 'text': "had called 911 in a moment of clarity because I'd gone to the hardware store to make sure that when I killed myself that it stuck.", 'start': 8166.545, 'duration': 9.369}, {'end': 8179.337, 'text': 'I wanted to make sure that I had my head wrapped and everything.', 'start': 8176.134, 'duration': 3.203}, {'end': 8184.162, 'text': "So if all the drugs I was planning to take didn't work, that I wouldn't be able to claw my way out.", 'start': 8179.377, 'duration': 4.785}, {'end': 8187.565, 'text': 'It had been a really rough year.', 'start': 8185.343, 'duration': 2.222}, {'end': 8191.449, 'text': 'And I always had issues with depression, but they were getting worse.', 'start': 8188.025, 'duration': 3.424}, {'end': 8192.991, 'text': 'And, frankly,', 'start': 8192.37, 'duration': 0.621}, {'end': 8201.462, 'text': "one of the reasons why this cancel culture stuff is so important to me is that the thing that I didn't emphasize as much in coddling the American mind,", 'start': 8192.991, 'duration': 8.471}, {'end': 8206.609, 'text': "which, by the way, that description that I give of trying to kill myself was the first time I'd ever written it down.", 'start': 8201.462, 'duration': 5.147}, {'end': 8209.313, 'text': 'Nobody in my family was aware of how.', 'start': 8207.27, 'duration': 2.043}], 'summary': "Speaker reflects on experiencing severe depression, seeking help at a psychiatric facility, and attempting suicide before eventually writing about it in 'coddling the american mind.'", 'duration': 64.28, 'max_score': 8145.033, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg8145033.jpg'}, {'end': 9055.448, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9028.652, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 9039.84, 'text': "so everybody should read poison, ivy and above all else uh, if you're weird, continue being weird, and you're one of the most interesting,", 'start': 9028.652, 'duration': 11.188}, {'end': 9043.602, 'text': 'one of the weirdest in the most beautiful way people have ever met, greg.', 'start': 9039.84, 'duration': 3.762}, {'end': 9046.104, 'text': 'uh, thank you for the really important work you do.', 'start': 9043.602, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 9049.166, 'text': 'this was this is everybody watch.', 'start': 9046.104, 'duration': 3.062}, {'end': 9055.448, 'text': 'I appreciate the class, the hilarity that you brought here today, man.', 'start': 9052.266, 'duration': 3.182}], 'summary': 'Encouragement to embrace uniqueness and gratitude for important work by greg.', 'duration': 26.796, 'max_score': 9028.652, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg9028652.jpg'}], 'start': 8099.988, 'title': 'Impact of cancel culture', 'summary': "Delves into the impact of cancel culture on individuals, emphasizing the need for societal change and alternative paths to success. it also highlights the emotional toll of engagement in the fight against cancel culture and the speaker's journey of overcoming depression influenced by the culture war.", 'chapters': [{'end': 8144.893, 'start': 8099.988, 'title': 'Adolescent technological growth', 'summary': 'Explores the concept of using a game-like approach, with limited cards, to encourage truth-seeking discourse in technological development, highlighting the value of engaging in discussions and avoiding rhetorical techniques.', 'duration': 44.905, 'highlights': ['Using a game-like approach with limited cards to encourage truth-seeking discourse in technological development.', 'Highlighting the value of engaging in discussions with more people to find the truth.', 'Avoiding different rhetorical techniques in discussions to promote meaningful discourse.', 'The concept of gamifying the whole truth-seeking process by using limited cards.']}, {'end': 8586.506, 'start': 8145.033, 'title': 'Overcoming depression and the impact of cancel culture', 'summary': "Highlights the speaker's journey of overcoming depression, influenced by the culture war, and the impact of cancel culture on his own experiences and others, leading to the writing of 'coddling the american mind'. the speaker's use of cognitive behavioral therapy led to a positive transformation, and the emotional toll of engaging in the fight against cancel culture is underscored through personal experiences and interactions with others.", 'duration': 441.473, 'highlights': ["The speaker's journey of overcoming depression, influenced by the culture war, and the impact of cancel culture on his own experiences and others, leading to the writing of 'Coddling the American Mind' The speaker's personal experience with depression, influenced by the culture war, and the subsequent impact of cancel culture on his life and others, which inspired the writing of 'Coddling the American Mind'.", "The speaker's use of cognitive behavioral therapy led to a positive transformation The speaker's successful use of cognitive behavioral therapy, which led to a positive transformation in his mental health, as evidenced by feeling happier than he had been in a decade within nine months of planning to commit suicide.", "The emotional toll of engaging in the fight against cancel culture is underscored through personal experiences and interactions with others The emotional toll of engaging in the fight against cancel culture is highlighted through the speaker's personal experiences and interactions with others, including the suicide of a friend after being canceled and the psychological strain of being a support figure for others in similar situations."]}, {'end': 9108.58, 'start': 8587.352, 'title': 'Impact of cancel culture on society', 'summary': 'Explores the intense pain of cancellation, the cruelty of people, and the need for societal change, with emphasis on the impact of cancel culture on individuals and the call for alternative paths to success.', 'duration': 521.228, 'highlights': ['The pain of cancellation can be really intense, leading to a powerful force on the human psyche. The speaker emphasizes the intense emotional impact of cancellation, highlighting its powerful force on the human psyche.', 'The cruelty of people and the potential harm of cancel culture on real individuals is highlighted, with references to quotes from public figures like Taylor Swift and the Pope. The discussion delves into the cruelty of people and the potential harm of cancel culture on real individuals, supported by quotes from public figures.', 'The need for alternative paths to success and excellence, advocating for additional streams for creative people to solve problems and proposing alternative methods to showcase intelligence and hard work. The chapter advocates for alternative paths to success and excellence, including additional streams for creative people and alternative methods to showcase intelligence and hard work.']}], 'duration': 1008.592, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/buarAx_u2qg/pics/buarAx_u2qg8099988.jpg', 'highlights': ["The speaker's successful use of cognitive behavioral therapy, leading to a positive transformation in mental health.", 'The emotional toll of engaging in the fight against cancel culture, underscored through personal experiences and interactions with others.', 'The intense emotional impact of cancellation, highlighting its powerful force on the human psyche.', 'The need for alternative paths to success and excellence, advocating for additional streams for creative people and alternative methods to showcase intelligence and hard work.', 'The concept of gamifying the whole truth-seeking process by using limited cards, promoting meaningful discourse.']}], 'highlights': ['Over 1,000 attempts to get professors fired or punished between 2014 and 2023, with around 190 professors being fired, revealing a genuine crisis of academic freedom.', "The negative consequences of censoring people's opinions are discussed, including the encouragement of not sharing opinions and the potential for group polarization to occur.", "The rise of cancel culture directed at professors since 2017 has led to a significant number of them being targeted and losing their jobs, unprecedented in the 22 years of the speaker's experience.", 'The uptick of campaigns, notably from 2014, has led to the firing, expulsion, and deplatforming of individuals for speech normally protected by the First Amendment, creating a climate of fear in expressing opinions.', 'The importance of intuition in recognizing censorship and societal problems. The intuitive level at which people recognize censorship and societal problems is emphasized, highlighting the need for a basic intuition when the line is crossed.', "Understanding people's true thoughts and the negative impact of restricting speech on gaining knowledge is emphasized, with an example of how censorship can lead to preference falsification and an inaccurate picture of the world.", "The potential for social media to evolve into a tool for disconfirmation and problem-solving is highlighted, with the comparison to the printing press's role in creating the scientific revolution, the enlightenment, and the discovery of ignorance, emphasizing the long-term benefits of technological advancements.", 'The importance of balancing engaging content with educational material and the potential for algorithms to learn from long-term user behavior to optimize recommendations for long-term happiness.', "The speaker's successful use of cognitive behavioral therapy, leading to a positive transformation in mental health.", 'The emotional toll of engaging in the fight against cancel culture, underscored through personal experiences and interactions with others.']}