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Greg Brockman: OpenAI and AGI | Lex Fridman Podcast #17

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{'title': 'Greg Brockman: OpenAI and AGI | Lex Fridman Podcast #17', 'heatmap': [{'end': 1379.949, 'start': 1275.231, 'weight': 0.883}, {'end': 5085.73, 'start': 5054.946, 'weight': 0.737}], 'summary': "Openai's mission is to develop safe and friendly artificial general intelligence, exploring its transformative potential, and balancing profit with positive impact. the organization emphasizes ethical work culture, challenges in ai development, and the significant role of ai-human interaction, while also highlighting the computational significance in ai research and the adaptability of ai bots in gaming, particularly in dota 2. the progress made by openai in addressing these aspects is evident through extensive training and performance against professional players.", 'chapters': [{'end': 447.272, 'segs': [{'end': 33.207, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.089, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2.41, 'text': 'The following is a conversation with Greg Brockman.', 'start': 0.089, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 5.471, 'text': "He's the co-founder and CTO of OpenAI,", 'start': 2.97, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 15.515, 'text': 'a world-class research organization developing ideas in AI with a goal of eventually creating a safe and friendly artificial general intelligence,', 'start': 5.471, 'duration': 10.044}, {'end': 18.016, 'text': 'one that benefits and empowers humanity.', 'start': 15.515, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 23.88, 'text': 'OpenAI is not only a source of publications, algorithms, tools, and datasets.', 'start': 18.956, 'duration': 4.924}, {'end': 33.207, 'text': 'Their mission is a catalyst for an important public discourse about our future with both narrow and general intelligence systems.', 'start': 24.54, 'duration': 8.667}], 'summary': 'Greg brockman co-founded and serves as cto of openai, a research organization focusing on ai with a goal of creating safe and beneficial artificial general intelligence.', 'duration': 33.118, 'max_score': 0.089, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU89.jpg'}, {'end': 104.725, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 75.804, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 78.285, 'text': 'the physical world and the digital world is different?', 'start': 75.804, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 79.726, 'text': 'And what do you think is the gap?', 'start': 78.665, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 82.63, 'text': 'A lot of it actually boils down to iteration speed.', 'start': 80.549, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 87.494, 'text': 'I think that a lot of what really motivates me is building things.', 'start': 83.491, 'duration': 4.003}, {'end': 90.636, 'text': 'Think about mathematics, for example, where you think really hard about a problem.', 'start': 87.514, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 91.657, 'text': 'You understand it.', 'start': 90.896, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 93.958, 'text': 'You write it down in this very obscure form that we call proof.', 'start': 91.677, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 97.28, 'text': "But then this is in humanity's library.", 'start': 94.599, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 98.241, 'text': "It's there forever.", 'start': 97.481, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 99.802, 'text': "This is some truth that we've discovered.", 'start': 98.261, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 104.725, 'text': "Maybe only five people in your field will ever read it, but somehow you've kind of moved humanity forward.", 'start': 100.943, 'duration': 3.782}], 'summary': "The gap between physical and digital world lies in iteration speed, motivating building things, and contributing to humanity's knowledge.", 'duration': 28.921, 'max_score': 75.804, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU75804.jpg'}, {'end': 281.595, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 250.673, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 256.902, 'text': 'And so I think that in some ways, we think of ourselves as the most intelligent things on the planet and the most powerful things on the planet,', 'start': 250.673, 'duration': 6.229}, {'end': 260.865, 'text': 'But there are things that are bigger than us, that are these systems that we all contribute to.', 'start': 257.623, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 267.408, 'text': "And so I think actually you know it's a it's interesting to think about, if you've read Isaac Asimov's foundation right,", 'start': 261.584, 'duration': 5.824}, {'end': 273.931, 'text': "that there's this concept of psychohistory in there, which is effectively this that if you have trillions or quadrillions of beings,", 'start': 267.408, 'duration': 6.523}, {'end': 281.595, 'text': 'then maybe you could actually predict what that being, that huge macro being, will do, and almost independent of what the individuals want.', 'start': 273.931, 'duration': 7.664}], 'summary': "Humans are part of larger systems, as seen in isaac asimov's concept of psychohistory.", 'duration': 30.922, 'max_score': 250.673, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU250673.jpg'}, {'end': 350.751, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 321.883, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 325.366, 'text': "And so you can kind of you can't really hope to create something no one else ever would.", 'start': 321.883, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 328.687, 'text': "You know, if Einstein wasn't born, someone else would have come up with relativity.", 'start': 325.706, 'duration': 2.981}, {'end': 330.947, 'text': 'You know, he changed the timeline a bit right?', 'start': 329.187, 'duration': 1.76}, {'end': 333.688, 'text': "That maybe it would have taken another 20 years, but it wouldn't be that.", 'start': 331.027, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 337.048, 'text': 'fundamentally, humanity would never discover these, these fundamental truths.', 'start': 333.688, 'duration': 3.36}, {'end': 347.77, 'text': "So there's some kind of invisible momentum that some people like Einstein or opening eyes plugging into that anybody else can also plug into.", 'start': 337.368, 'duration': 10.402}, {'end': 350.751, 'text': 'And ultimately, that wave takes us into a certain direction.', 'start': 347.83, 'duration': 2.921}], 'summary': "Einstein's impact accelerated discovery, altering timeline by 20 years, unlocking fundamental truths for humanity.", 'duration': 28.868, 'max_score': 321.883, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU321883.jpg'}], 'start': 0.089, 'title': "Openai's mission and technological intersection", 'summary': "Highlights openai's mission to develop safe and friendly artificial general intelligence and explores the intersection of physical and digital worlds, emphasizing the impact of initial conditions on technological progress.", 'chapters': [{'end': 51.567, 'start': 0.089, 'title': "Greg brockman on openai's mission", 'summary': "Highlights openai's mission to develop safe and friendly artificial general intelligence, while serving as a catalyst for important public discourse about the future with both narrow and general intelligence systems.", 'duration': 51.478, 'highlights': ["OpenAI's mission is to create a safe and friendly artificial general intelligence that benefits and empowers humanity.", 'The organization serves as a catalyst for important public discourse about the future with both narrow and general intelligence systems.', 'OpenAI is a world-class research organization developing ideas in AI, providing publications, algorithms, tools, and datasets.']}, {'end': 447.272, 'start': 52.813, 'title': 'The intersection of physical and digital worlds', 'summary': 'Explores the intersection of physical and digital worlds, the power of digital leverage, and the collective intelligence of society, emphasizing the impact of initial conditions on technological progress and the concept of technological determinism.', 'duration': 394.459, 'highlights': ["The digital leverage and scalability of impact is a key motivator, as a single individual with an idea can influence the entire planet. The speaker is motivated by the immense leverage and scalability offered by the digital world, where a single individual's idea can have a significant impact on the entire planet.", 'The concept of technological determinism is discussed, emphasizing the role of initial conditions in shaping the trajectory of technological progress. The chapter delves into the concept of technological determinism, highlighting the influence of initial conditions on the direction of technological progress and the shaping of innovations.', 'The collective intelligence of society and the economy as a superhuman machine are explored, raising the perspective of society as an extension of human intelligence. The chapter explores the concept of the collective intelligence of society, portraying the economy as a superhuman machine and emphasizing the perspective of society as an extension of human intelligence.']}], 'duration': 447.183, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU89.jpg', 'highlights': ["OpenAI's mission is to create a safe and friendly artificial general intelligence that benefits and empowers humanity.", 'The organization serves as a catalyst for important public discourse about the future with both narrow and general intelligence systems.', 'OpenAI is a world-class research organization developing ideas in AI, providing publications, algorithms, tools, and datasets.', 'The concept of technological determinism is discussed, emphasizing the role of initial conditions in shaping the trajectory of technological progress.', 'The collective intelligence of society and the economy as a superhuman machine are explored, raising the perspective of society as an extension of human intelligence.', 'The digital leverage and scalability of impact is a key motivator, as a single individual with an idea can influence the entire planet.']}, {'end': 1157.84, 'segs': [{'end': 628.19, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 601.618, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 608.781, 'text': "you absolutely want its advice about how do I make sure that we're using your capabilities in a positive way for humanity?", 'start': 601.618, 'duration': 7.163}, {'end': 617.545, 'text': 'So what do you think about that psychology that looks at all the different possible trajectories of an AGI system, many of which,', 'start': 609.201, 'duration': 8.344}, {'end': 622.827, 'text': 'perhaps the majority of which, are positive, and nevertheless focuses on the negative trajectories??', 'start': 617.545, 'duration': 5.282}, {'end': 628.19, 'text': 'I mean you get to interact with folks, you get to think about this, maybe within yourself as well.', 'start': 622.847, 'duration': 5.343}], 'summary': 'Considering positive and negative trajectories of agi systems and their impact on humanity.', 'duration': 26.572, 'max_score': 601.618, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU601618.jpg'}, {'end': 864.332, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 830.241, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 834.163, 'text': 'Right You talk about like think about, you know, all of the dystopic movies.', 'start': 830.241, 'duration': 3.922}, {'end': 837.064, 'text': 'A lot of that is about not having good technical safety in place.', 'start': 834.183, 'duration': 2.881}, {'end': 840.145, 'text': "And what we've been finding is that you know, I think,", 'start': 837.924, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 843.767, 'text': "that actually a lot of people look at the technical safety problem and think it's just intractable.", 'start': 840.145, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 851.67, 'text': 'Right This question of what do humans want? How am I supposed to write that down? Can I even write down what I want? No way.', 'start': 845.267, 'duration': 6.403}, {'end': 853.871, 'text': 'And then they stop there.', 'start': 853.07, 'duration': 0.801}, {'end': 860.309, 'text': "But the thing is, we've already built systems that are able to learn things that humans can't specify.", 'start': 854.884, 'duration': 5.425}, {'end': 864.332, 'text': "Even the rules for how to recognize if there's a cat or a dog in an image.", 'start': 861.45, 'duration': 2.882}], 'summary': 'Dystopic movies highlight need for technical safety; systems can learn beyond human specification.', 'duration': 34.091, 'max_score': 830.241, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU830241.jpg'}, {'end': 1073.131, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1048.454, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1059.842, 'text': 'but the world that emerges, where you have these very powerful systems operating alongside humans, ends up being something that empowers humans more,', 'start': 1048.454, 'duration': 11.388}, {'end': 1068.548, 'text': 'that makes human existence be a more meaningful thing and that people are happier and wealthier and able to live more fulfilling lives.', 'start': 1059.842, 'duration': 8.706}, {'end': 1073.131, 'text': "It's not an obvious thing for how to design that world once you have that very powerful system.", 'start': 1069.028, 'duration': 4.103}], 'summary': 'Powerful systems alongside humans empower people, leading to happier, wealthier, more fulfilling lives.', 'duration': 24.677, 'max_score': 1048.454, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU1048454.jpg'}], 'start': 447.272, 'title': 'Agi implications and beneficial ai', 'summary': "Discusses the potential implications of developing agi, including the importance of asking the right questions, positive societal impacts, and challenges of focusing on negative possibilities. it also emphasizes the importance of focusing on the positive vision and technical safety in ai development, highlighting openai's approach of addressing risks through capabilities, safety, and policy arms.", 'chapters': [{'end': 729.601, 'start': 447.272, 'title': 'Agi and its implications for humanity', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential implications of developing agi, including the importance of asking the right questions, the positive impact it can have on society, and the challenges of focusing on negative possibilities, while highlighting the difficulty of predicting the positive vision and the inherent bias towards negative outcomes.', 'duration': 282.329, 'highlights': ['It is crucial to ask the right questions when developing AGI, such as ensuring that it is used in a positive way for humanity and seeking advice on its capabilities. (relevance score: 5)', 'AGI has the potential to positively impact society by advancing technological development, creating cures for diseases, solving societal problems, and cleaning up the environment. (relevance score: 4)', 'The difficulty of predicting the positive vision of AGI and the challenge of imagining how a transformative technology will play out in the world. (relevance score: 3)', 'There is an inherent bias towards focusing on negative possibilities rather than positive ones, making it easier to support destructive outcomes than creative ones. (relevance score: 2)']}, {'end': 1157.84, 'start': 730.322, 'title': 'Creating beneficial ai: challenges and solutions', 'summary': "Emphasizes the importance of focusing on the positive vision and technical safety in ai development, highlighting openai's approach of addressing risks through capabilities, safety, and policy arms, and leveraging data to align agi with human values, while also acknowledging the complexity of defining 'good' and the challenge of global coordination.", 'duration': 427.518, 'highlights': ["OpenAI's approach of addressing risks through capabilities, safety, and policy arms OpenAI focuses on capabilities, safety, and policy arms to ensure that the systems they build are aligned with human values and have governance mechanisms in place.", 'Leveraging data to align AGI with human values OpenAI believes that from data, they can build systems that align with the collective better angels of human nature and learn human preferences, emphasizing the potential of data-driven solutions for value alignment in AGIs.', "Challenges in defining 'good' and global coordination The transcript addresses the complexity of defining 'good' and the challenge of global coordination in ensuring that the world with powerful AI systems empowers humans and leads to a more meaningful and fulfilling existence, highlighting the need for concrete answers in this area."]}], 'duration': 710.568, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU447272.jpg', 'highlights': ['AGI has the potential to positively impact society by advancing technological development, creating cures for diseases, solving societal problems, and cleaning up the environment. (relevance score: 4)', 'It is crucial to ask the right questions when developing AGI, such as ensuring that it is used in a positive way for humanity and seeking advice on its capabilities. (relevance score: 5)', "OpenAI's approach of addressing risks through capabilities, safety, and policy arms OpenAI focuses on capabilities, safety, and policy arms to ensure that the systems they build are aligned with human values and have governance mechanisms in place.", 'The difficulty of predicting the positive vision of AGI and the challenge of imagining how a transformative technology will play out in the world. (relevance score: 3)']}, {'end': 1944.474, 'segs': [{'end': 1190.997, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1157.84, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1165.264, 'text': 'and I think that the impact of computers and the internet has just far outstripped what anyone really could have predicted.', 'start': 1157.84, 'duration': 7.424}, {'end': 1172.647, 'text': "And so I think that it's very clear that if you can build an AGI, it will be the most transformative technology that humans will ever create.", 'start': 1166.224, 'duration': 6.423}, {'end': 1179.331, 'text': 'And so what it boils down to, then, is a question of well, is there a path?, Is there hope?,', 'start': 1174.668, 'duration': 4.663}, {'end': 1190.997, 'text': 'Is there a way to build such a system? And I think that for 60 or 70 years that people got excited and that ended up not being able to deliver on the hopes that people had pinned on them.', 'start': 1179.491, 'duration': 11.506}], 'summary': 'Agi could be the most transformative technology; people have been hopeful for 60-70 years but have not been able to deliver.', 'duration': 33.157, 'max_score': 1157.84, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU1157840.jpg'}, {'end': 1379.949, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1275.231, 'weight': 0.883, 'content': [{'end': 1278.694, 'text': "And so, of course, they weren't able to get great results.", 'start': 1275.231, 'duration': 3.463}, {'end': 1287.5, 'text': "and it really wasn't until 2012 that this approach that's almost the most simple natural approach that people had come up with in the 50s,", 'start': 1278.694, 'duration': 8.806}, {'end': 1293.183, 'text': 'right in some ways even in the 40s, before there were computers with the pitts mcclellan neuron.', 'start': 1287.5, 'duration': 5.683}, {'end': 1297.266, 'text': 'suddenly this became the best way of solving problems.', 'start': 1293.183, 'duration': 4.083}, {'end': 1304.13, 'text': 'right. i think there are three core properties that deep learning has that i think are very worth paying attention to.', 'start': 1297.266, 'duration': 6.864}, {'end': 1305.151, 'text': 'the first is generality.', 'start': 1304.13, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 1314.917, 'text': 'We have a very small number of deep learning tools SGD, deep neural net, maybe some RL and it solves this huge variety of problems.', 'start': 1305.891, 'duration': 9.026}, {'end': 1320.941, 'text': 'Speech recognition, machine translation, game playing, all of these problems, small set of tools.', 'start': 1315.638, 'duration': 5.303}, {'end': 1321.982, 'text': "So there's the generality.", 'start': 1320.981, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 1324.684, 'text': "There's a second piece, which is the competence.", 'start': 1322.923, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 1331.649, 'text': 'You want to solve any of those problems? Throw out 40 years worth of normal computer vision research, replace it with a deep neural net.', 'start': 1325.004, 'duration': 6.645}, {'end': 1332.409, 'text': "It's going to work better.", 'start': 1331.769, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 1336.252, 'text': "And there's a third piece, which is the scalability right?", 'start': 1333.61, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 1343.256, 'text': 'That one thing that has been shown time and time again is that if you have a larger neural network, throw more compute, more data at it,', 'start': 1336.272, 'duration': 6.984}, {'end': 1343.936, 'text': 'it will work better.', 'start': 1343.256, 'duration': 0.68}, {'end': 1350.12, 'text': 'Those three properties together feel like essential parts of building a general intelligence.', 'start': 1345.137, 'duration': 4.983}, {'end': 1356.477, 'text': "Now, it doesn't just mean that if we scale up what we have, that we will have an AGI, right? There are clearly missing pieces.", 'start': 1350.854, 'duration': 5.623}, {'end': 1357.678, 'text': 'There are missing ideas.', 'start': 1356.798, 'duration': 0.88}, {'end': 1359.459, 'text': 'We need to have answers for reasoning.', 'start': 1358.038, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 1369.565, 'text': 'But I think that the core here is that for the first time it feels that we have a paradigm that gives us hope that general intelligence can be achievable.', 'start': 1360.12, 'duration': 9.445}, {'end': 1374.447, 'text': 'And so as soon as you believe that, everything else comes into focus.', 'start': 1370.646, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 1379.949, 'text': 'If you imagine that you may be able to, and that the timeline, I think, remains uncertain,', 'start': 1374.467, 'duration': 5.482}], 'summary': 'Deep learning offers generality, competence, and scalability, essential for building general intelligence.', 'duration': 104.718, 'max_score': 1275.231, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU1275231.jpg'}, {'end': 1320.941, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1293.183, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1297.266, 'text': 'suddenly this became the best way of solving problems.', 'start': 1293.183, 'duration': 4.083}, {'end': 1304.13, 'text': 'right. i think there are three core properties that deep learning has that i think are very worth paying attention to.', 'start': 1297.266, 'duration': 6.864}, {'end': 1305.151, 'text': 'the first is generality.', 'start': 1304.13, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 1314.917, 'text': 'We have a very small number of deep learning tools SGD, deep neural net, maybe some RL and it solves this huge variety of problems.', 'start': 1305.891, 'duration': 9.026}, {'end': 1320.941, 'text': 'Speech recognition, machine translation, game playing, all of these problems, small set of tools.', 'start': 1315.638, 'duration': 5.303}], 'summary': 'Deep learning offers generality, solving a wide range of problems with a small set of tools.', 'duration': 27.758, 'max_score': 1293.183, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU1293183.jpg'}, {'end': 1790.294, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1756.925, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1759.647, 'text': "that you're going to have to come up with some crazy, unprecedented structure to do it in.", 'start': 1756.925, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 1766.133, 'text': 'And a lot of our conversation was with people at OpenAI,', 'start': 1760.508, 'duration': 5.625}, {'end': 1775.52, 'text': 'the people who really joined because they believe so much in this mission and thinking about how do we actually raise the resources to do it and also stay true to what we stand for.', 'start': 1766.133, 'duration': 9.387}, {'end': 1778.083, 'text': "And the place you've got to start is to really align on.", 'start': 1775.921, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 1779.504, 'text': 'what is it that we stand for right?', 'start': 1778.083, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 1781.526, 'text': "What are those values? What's really important to us?", 'start': 1779.564, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 1790.294, 'text': "And so I'd say that we spent about a year really compiling the OpenAI charter and that that determines and if you even look at the first line item in there,", 'start': 1782.027, 'duration': 8.267}], 'summary': 'A year spent compiling the openai charter to align on values and raise resources.', 'duration': 33.369, 'max_score': 1756.925, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU1756925.jpg'}], 'start': 1157.84, 'title': "Agi's transformative potential and openai's mission", 'summary': "Delves into the transformative potential of agi, the formation of openai, its mission to ensure ai benefits everyone, and the delicate balance between competitiveness and the broader goal of ensuring agi's positive impact on humanity.", 'chapters': [{'end': 1565.2, 'start': 1157.84, 'title': 'Agi: transformative potential & openai formation', 'summary': 'Discusses the transformative potential of agi, its historical context, and the formation of openai to pursue agi research, highlighting the key properties of deep learning and the need for a paradigm shift in ai research.', 'duration': 407.36, 'highlights': ['AGI as the most transformative technology Building an AGI will be the most transformative technology humans will ever create, with the potential to bring about significant changes in various fields.', 'Historical lessons from AI development The history of AI development, including past overhype and subsequent discrediting of neural networks, underscores the need to learn from past mistakes and approach AGI research with a different perspective.', "Properties of deep learning Deep learning's generality, competence, and scalability make it a promising approach for achieving general intelligence, with the ability to solve a wide range of problems and improve with larger neural networks and more computational resources.", 'Formation of OpenAI The chapter discusses the challenges and aspirations behind the formation of OpenAI, highlighting the pursuit of creating a lab with the best people despite resource limitations and the transition of AI from an academic pursuit to an industrial pursuit.']}, {'end': 1944.474, 'start': 1565.3, 'title': "Openai's mission and structure", 'summary': "Discusses openai's formation of a new for-profit company, openai lp, to pursue the mission of ensuring that artificial general intelligence benefits everyone, while managing the delicate balance between competitiveness and the broader goal of ensuring agi's positive impact on humanity.", 'duration': 379.174, 'highlights': ['OpenAI formed a new for-profit company, OpenAI LP, to pursue the mission of ensuring that artificial general intelligence benefits everyone. OpenAI LP was established to build general intelligence and ensure its benefits are distributed to the world, with the option for other entities to also build AGI while preventing the benefits from being locked up in one company or with one set of people.', "OpenAI's delicate balance between competitiveness and the broader goal of ensuring AGI's positive impact on humanity. The core tension in OpenAI's strategy is to balance being a primary actor in building AGI with the broader mission of ensuring AGI's positive impact on humanity, requiring a delicate balance between competitiveness and fulfilling the mission.", 'The extensive process of aligning on values and determining the structure of the company to raise resources while minimizing conflict of interest with the mission. OpenAI spent about a year compiling the OpenAI charter to align on values and ensure the structure of the company minimizes conflict of interest with the mission, crucial for raising resources while staying true to their values.']}], 'duration': 786.634, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU1157840.jpg', 'highlights': ['AGI as the most transformative technology Building an AGI will be the most transformative technology humans will ever create, with the potential to bring about significant changes in various fields.', 'Formation of OpenAI The chapter discusses the challenges and aspirations behind the formation of OpenAI, highlighting the pursuit of creating a lab with the best people despite resource limitations and the transition of AI from an academic pursuit to an industrial pursuit.', "Properties of deep learning Deep learning's generality, competence, and scalability make it a promising approach for achieving general intelligence, with the ability to solve a wide range of problems and improve with larger neural networks and more computational resources.", 'OpenAI formed a new for-profit company, OpenAI LP, to pursue the mission of ensuring that artificial general intelligence benefits everyone. OpenAI LP was established to build general intelligence and ensure its benefits are distributed to the world, with the option for other entities to also build AGI while preventing the benefits from being locked up in one company or with one set of people.', "OpenAI's delicate balance between competitiveness and the broader goal of ensuring AGI's positive impact on humanity. The core tension in OpenAI's strategy is to balance being a primary actor in building AGI with the broader mission of ensuring AGI's positive impact on humanity, requiring a delicate balance between competitiveness and fulfilling the mission.", 'The extensive process of aligning on values and determining the structure of the company to raise resources while minimizing conflict of interest with the mission. OpenAI spent about a year compiling the OpenAI charter to align on values and ensure the structure of the company minimizes conflict of interest with the mission, crucial for raising resources while staying true to their values.', 'Historical lessons from AI development The history of AI development, including past overhype and subsequent discrediting of neural networks, underscores the need to learn from past mistakes and approach AGI research with a different perspective.']}, {'end': 2310.127, 'segs': [{'end': 2016.9, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1969.204, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1975.406, 'text': 'So your decisions are scrutinized more than I think a regular profit driven company.', 'start': 1969.204, 'duration': 6.202}, {'end': 1980.367, 'text': 'Do you feel the burden of this in the creation of the chart and just in the way you operate? Yes.', 'start': 1975.886, 'duration': 4.481}, {'end': 1988.553, 'text': 'So why do you lean into the burden by creating such a charter?', 'start': 1983.008, 'duration': 5.545}, {'end': 1989.915, 'text': 'Why not keep it quiet?', 'start': 1988.593, 'duration': 1.322}, {'end': 1992.857, 'text': 'I mean it just boils down to the mission right?', 'start': 1990.435, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 1996.941, 'text': "Like I'm here and everyone else is here because we think this is the most important mission.", 'start': 1992.877, 'duration': 4.064}, {'end': 1998.522, 'text': 'Dare to dream.', 'start': 1997.942, 'duration': 0.58}, {'end': 1999.223, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 1998.542, 'duration': 0.681}, {'end': 2004.728, 'text': 'so do you think you can be good for the world or create an AGI system?', 'start': 1999.223, 'duration': 5.505}, {'end': 2007.811, 'text': "that's good when you're a for-profit company?", 'start': 2004.728, 'duration': 3.083}, {'end': 2016.9, 'text': "From my perspective, I don't understand why profit interferes with positive impact on society.", 'start': 2008.351, 'duration': 8.549}], 'summary': 'Creating a charter to prioritize mission over profit, aiming for positive impact on society.', 'duration': 47.696, 'max_score': 1969.204, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU1969204.jpg'}, {'end': 2080.984, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2044.139, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2046.559, 'text': 'And profit is the thing that just fuels those people.', 'start': 2044.139, 'duration': 2.42}, {'end': 2048.952, 'text': 'What are your views there? Yeah.', 'start': 2047.58, 'duration': 1.372}, {'end': 2050.815, 'text': "So I think that's a really good question.", 'start': 2049.013, 'duration': 1.802}, {'end': 2055.764, 'text': "And there's there's there's some some, you know, real like long standing debates in human society that are wrapped up in it.", 'start': 2050.876, 'duration': 4.888}, {'end': 2059.391, 'text': 'The way that I think about it is just think about what.', 'start': 2056.485, 'duration': 2.906}, {'end': 2061.174, 'text': 'what are the most impactful nonprofits in the world?', 'start': 2059.391, 'duration': 1.783}, {'end': 2066.215, 'text': 'What are the most impactful for-profits in the world?', 'start': 2063.953, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 2066.975, 'text': 'Right.', 'start': 2066.795, 'duration': 0.18}, {'end': 2069.176, 'text': "It's much easier to list the for-profits.", 'start': 2067.054, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 2069.617, 'text': "That's right.", 'start': 2069.217, 'duration': 0.4}, {'end': 2080.984, 'text': "And I think that there's some real truth here that the system that we set up the system for kind of how you know today's world is organized is one that really allows for huge impact.", 'start': 2069.817, 'duration': 11.167}], 'summary': "For-profits have greater impact than nonprofits, reflecting system's preference for huge impact.", 'duration': 36.845, 'max_score': 2044.139, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU2044139.jpg'}], 'start': 1944.835, 'title': 'Balancing profit and positive impact', 'summary': "Discusses challenges of balancing profit and positive impact, emphasizing the importance of mission-driven charters and cultures in for-profit companies, and the potential for massive value creation in a successful agi system. it also covers openai's fiduciary duty to its charter, ensuring decisions are made in the best interest of the charter, and the importance of democratizing the benefits of agi, as outlined in the charter, as well as the governance structure of openai lp.", 'chapters': [{'end': 2201.505, 'start': 1944.835, 'title': 'Balancing profit and positive impact', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges of balancing profit and positive impact, emphasizing the importance of mission-driven charters and cultures in for-profit companies, and the potential for massive value creation in a successful agi system.', 'duration': 256.67, 'highlights': ['The importance of mission-driven charters and cultures in for-profit companies is emphasized, with a focus on how they can enable positive impact despite the profit-driven nature of the business. Mission-driven charters and cultures can enable positive impact in for-profit companies, despite the profit-driven nature of the business.', "The potential for massive value creation in a successful AGI system is discussed, with the assertion that the amount of value created will be astronomical, and the importance of ensuring that the value created doesn't get locked up. A successful AGI system has the potential for massive value creation, and it's important to ensure that the value created doesn't get locked up.", 'The challenges of balancing profit and positive impact are highlighted, with a comparison between the limitations of nonprofits and the potential for positive impact in for-profit companies when shaped in the right way. The challenges of balancing profit and positive impact are compared between nonprofits and for-profit companies.']}, {'end': 2310.127, 'start': 2201.505, 'title': "Openai's charter and fiduciary duty", 'summary': "Discusses openai's fiduciary duty to its charter, ensuring decisions are made in the best interest of the charter, and the importance of democratizing the benefits of agi, as outlined in the charter, as well as the governance structure of openai lp.", 'duration': 108.622, 'highlights': ["OpenAI's fiduciary duty is to the charter, ensuring decisions are made for the charter's benefit, even if it may impact stakeholders. OpenAI's structure prioritizes making decisions that benefit its charter, emphasizing the importance of democratizing the benefits of AGI for everyone, aligning with the core aspects of the charter.", "The importance of democratizing the benefits of AGI and ensuring that everyone's lives are better. Emphasizes the significance of ensuring that AGI's benefits are accessible to everyone, aligning with OpenAI's mission and the core aspects of the charter.", "The governance structure of OpenAI LP, where the power to dictate actions ultimately rests with the nonprofit's board. The board of the nonprofit holds the power to dictate OpenAI's actions, ensuring they fulfill the mission of the nonprofit and adhere to the charter, as outlined in the OpenAI LP blog post."]}], 'duration': 365.292, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU1944835.jpg', 'highlights': ["The potential for massive value creation in a successful AGI system is discussed, with the assertion that the amount of value created will be astronomical, and the importance of ensuring that the value created doesn't get locked up.", 'The importance of mission-driven charters and cultures in for-profit companies is emphasized, with a focus on how they can enable positive impact despite the profit-driven nature of the business.', 'The challenges of balancing profit and positive impact are highlighted, with a comparison between the limitations of nonprofits and the potential for positive impact in for-profit companies when shaped in the right way.', "OpenAI's fiduciary duty is to the charter, ensuring decisions are made for the charter's benefit, even if it may impact stakeholders.", "The importance of democratizing the benefits of AGI and ensuring that everyone's lives are better. Emphasizes the significance of ensuring that AGI's benefits are accessible to everyone, aligning with OpenAI's mission and the core aspects of the charter.", "The governance structure of OpenAI LP, where the power to dictate actions ultimately rests with the nonprofit's board. The board of the nonprofit holds the power to dictate OpenAI's actions, ensuring they fulfill the mission of the nonprofit and adhere to the charter, as outlined in the OpenAI LP blog post."]}, {'end': 2915.382, 'segs': [{'end': 2398.161, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2348.842, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2350.543, 'text': "And that's something that's really baked into the culture.", 'start': 2348.842, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 2357.711, 'text': "And honestly, I think that's one of the things that we really have to work to preserve as time goes on.", 'start': 2351.483, 'duration': 6.228}, {'end': 2362.518, 'text': "And that's a really important part of how we think about hiring people and bringing people into OpenAI.", 'start': 2358.352, 'duration': 4.166}, {'end': 2374.444, 'text': "So there's people here who could speak up and say, like, hold on a second, this is totally against what we stand for, culture-wise.", 'start': 2363.038, 'duration': 11.406}, {'end': 2375.345, 'text': 'Yeah, yeah, for sure.', 'start': 2374.584, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 2377.086, 'text': 'I mean I think that we actually have.', 'start': 2375.385, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 2381.969, 'text': "I think that's like a pretty important part of how we operate and how we have,", 'start': 2377.086, 'duration': 4.883}, {'end': 2385.951, 'text': 'even again with designing the charter and designing OpenAILP in the first place.', 'start': 2381.969, 'duration': 3.982}, {'end': 2392.396, 'text': 'That there has been a lot of conversation with employees here and a lot of times where employees said wait a second.', 'start': 2386.651, 'duration': 5.745}, {'end': 2395.179, 'text': "This seems like it's going in the wrong direction and let's talk about it.", 'start': 2392.396, 'duration': 2.783}, {'end': 2398.161, 'text': "And so I think one thing that's, that's, I think, a really, and you know, Here's,", 'start': 2395.179, 'duration': 2.982}], 'summary': "Preserving culture is integral to openai's hiring and decision-making process.", 'duration': 49.319, 'max_score': 2348.842, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU2348842.jpg'}, {'end': 2597, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2576.389, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2586.614, 'text': 'That our main policy recommendation is that people and you know the government does this all the time with bodies like NIST spend time trying to figure out just where the technology is,', 'start': 2576.389, 'duration': 10.225}, {'end': 2592.577, 'text': "how fast it's moving and can really become literate and up to speed with respect to what to expect.", 'start': 2586.614, 'duration': 5.963}, {'end': 2597, 'text': 'So I think that today the answer really is about measurement.', 'start': 2593.497, 'duration': 3.503}], 'summary': 'Policy recommendation: invest in measuring technology progress for literacy and preparedness.', 'duration': 20.611, 'max_score': 2576.389, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU2576389.jpg'}], 'start': 2310.147, 'title': 'Cultivating empowerment and addressing agi challenges', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the significance of an empowering culture at openai, emphasizing open communication and ethical work environment. it also delves into the challenges in transitioning to collaborative agi development, the importance of government involvement in policy setting, and responsible disclosure for advanced language models.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2427.083, 'start': 2310.147, 'title': 'Empowering culture in openai', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of a culture where employees believe in the mission, are willing to take actions for the charter, and have open communication with leadership, fostering an empowered and ethical work environment.', 'duration': 116.936, 'highlights': ['The importance of employees believing in the mission and charter is emphasized, contributing to a strong company culture. The speaker highlights the need for employees to believe in the mission and charter, fostering a strong culture.', 'Encouraging open communication between employees and leadership, creating an environment where employees can voice concerns and provide feedback. The speaker mentions the ease with which employees can communicate with the CEO and other leadership, fostering open dialogue and feedback.', "Instances of employees speaking up against actions conflicting with the company's culture are highlighted, showcasing the empowerment of employees. The speaker references instances where employees have spoken up against actions conflicting with the company's culture, demonstrating employee empowerment."]}, {'end': 2915.382, 'start': 2427.883, 'title': "Challenges in agi development and government's role", 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges of transitioning from competition to collaboration in agi development, the need for government involvement in setting policy and rules, and the decision-making process for releasing advanced language models, highlighting the potential negative effects and the necessity for responsible disclosure.', 'duration': 487.499, 'highlights': ['The transition from competition to collaboration in AGI development, emphasizing the need to avoid a competitive race that compromises safety The chapter emphasizes the importance of transitioning from a competitive race in AGI development to a collaborative approach to avoid compromising safety, highlighting the pressure to prioritize speed over safety in the competitive race.', 'The role of government in setting policy and rules for AI and AGI development, emphasizing the need for measurement and potential future regulation The discussion underscores the importance of government involvement in setting policy and rules for AI and AGI development, advocating for a current focus on measurement and the anticipation of future regulation to ensure safety and responsible development.', 'The decision-making process for releasing advanced language models, considering the potential negative effects and advocating for responsible disclosure The chapter delves into the decision-making process for releasing advanced language models, highlighting the need to consider potential negative effects and advocating for responsible disclosure, drawing parallels to the evolution of responsible disclosure in the security community.']}], 'duration': 605.235, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU2310147.jpg', 'highlights': ['The importance of employees believing in the mission and charter is emphasized, contributing to a strong company culture.', 'Encouraging open communication between employees and leadership, creating an environment where employees can voice concerns and provide feedback.', "Instances of employees speaking up against actions conflicting with the company's culture are highlighted, showcasing the empowerment of employees.", 'The transition from competition to collaboration in AGI development, emphasizing the need to avoid a competitive race that compromises safety.', 'The role of government in setting policy and rules for AI and AGI development, emphasizing the need for measurement and potential future regulation.', 'The decision-making process for releasing advanced language models, considering the potential negative effects and advocating for responsible disclosure.']}, {'end': 3717.294, 'segs': [{'end': 3396.474, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3355.653, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3359.093, 'text': 'This comes back to the how do you even picture a world with some new technology?', 'start': 3355.653, 'duration': 3.44}, {'end': 3364.534, 'text': "And I think that one thing that I think is important is, let's say, honesty.", 'start': 3359.613, 'duration': 4.921}, {'end': 3373.896, 'text': 'And I think that if you have, almost in the Turing test style, sense of technology, you have AIs that are pretending to be humans and deceiving you.', 'start': 3365.014, 'duration': 8.882}, {'end': 3377.097, 'text': 'I think that feels like a bad thing.', 'start': 3373.896, 'duration': 3.201}, {'end': 3383.299, 'text': "I think that it's really important that we feel like we're in control of our environment, that we understand who we're interacting with.", 'start': 3377.537, 'duration': 5.762}, {'end': 3388.225, 'text': "And if it's an AI or a human, that's not something that we're being deceived about.", 'start': 3383.379, 'duration': 4.846}, {'end': 3393.531, 'text': 'But I think that the flip side of can I have as meaningful of an interaction with an AI as I can with a human?', 'start': 3388.645, 'duration': 4.886}, {'end': 3396.474, 'text': 'Well, I actually think here you can turn to Syfy.', 'start': 3394.252, 'duration': 2.222}], 'summary': 'Honesty and control are crucial in human-ai interactions; meaningful interactions with ai may be possible through syfy.', 'duration': 40.821, 'max_score': 3355.653, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU3355653.jpg'}, {'end': 3570.889, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3527.891, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3532.293, 'text': 'Like you know, you read a little bit about fire underwater in GPT-2..', 'start': 3527.891, 'duration': 4.402}, {'end': 3534.833, 'text': "So it's like, okay, maybe it doesn't quite understand what these things are.", 'start': 3532.333, 'duration': 2.5}, {'end': 3542.716, 'text': 'But at the same time, I think that you also see various things like smoke coming from flame, and you know a bunch of these things that GPT-2,', 'start': 3535.654, 'duration': 7.062}, {'end': 3543.516, 'text': 'it has no body.', 'start': 3542.716, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 3544.816, 'text': 'It has no physical experience.', 'start': 3543.696, 'duration': 1.12}, {'end': 3546.617, 'text': "It's just statically read data.", 'start': 3544.856, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 3552.38, 'text': "And I think that the answer is like, we don't know yet.", 'start': 3547.577, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 3559.403, 'text': "These questions though, we're starting to be able to actually ask them to physical systems, to real systems that exist, and that's very exciting.", 'start': 3553.46, 'duration': 5.943}, {'end': 3561.104, 'text': "Do you think what's your intuition?", 'start': 3559.863, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 3570.889, 'text': 'Do you think if you just scale language modeling like significantly scale, that reasoning can emerge from the same exact mechanisms?', 'start': 3561.144, 'duration': 9.745}], 'summary': "Exploring the limitations of gpt-2's understanding and the potential for reasoning to emerge from scaled language modeling.", 'duration': 42.998, 'max_score': 3527.891, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU3527891.jpg'}, {'end': 3728.83, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3701.618, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3704.48, 'text': "It's just all different forms of love and drama and so on.", 'start': 3701.618, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 3709.264, 'text': 'Okay Not sure if you read Bit of Lesson, a recent blog post by Rich Sutton.', 'start': 3704.76, 'duration': 4.504}, {'end': 3709.944, 'text': 'Yep, I have.', 'start': 3709.384, 'duration': 0.56}, {'end': 3717.294, 'text': "He basically says something that echoes some of the ideas that you've been talking about, which is, he says,", 'start': 3710.945, 'duration': 6.349}, {'end': 3726.908, 'text': 'the biggest lesson that can be read from 70 years of AI research is that general methods that leverage computation are ultimately going to ultimately win out.', 'start': 3717.294, 'duration': 9.614}, {'end': 3728.83, 'text': 'Do you agree with this?', 'start': 3727.91, 'duration': 0.92}], 'summary': 'General methods leveraging computation ultimately win in ai research.', 'duration': 27.212, 'max_score': 3701.618, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU3701618.jpg'}], 'start': 2916.243, 'title': 'Ethical implications and ai-human interaction', 'summary': 'Discusses the ethical implications of gpt-2, including the potential for generating fake news and abusive content, and the challenges in distinguishing between human and ai-generated content. it also explores the implications of ai-human interaction, emphasizing the importance of honesty and control, and the potential of future ai systems to enhance human lives.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3253.416, 'start': 2916.243, 'title': 'Ethical implications of gpt-2', 'summary': 'Discusses the ethical implications of gpt-2, highlighting its potential for generating fake news and abusive content, as well as the challenges in distinguishing between human and ai-generated content, raising concerns about the nature of information and the need for better authentication systems.', 'duration': 337.173, 'highlights': ["GPT-2's potential for generating fake news and abusive content raises concerns about its negative applications and the need for ethical considerations.", 'Challenges in distinguishing between human and AI-generated content are highlighted, indicating the difficulty in authenticating the source of digital content.', 'The discussion about the nature of information in a world with GPT-2 raises thought-provoking questions about the balance between privacy, anonymity, and trust in digital content.', 'The evolving capabilities of AI systems pose challenges in ensuring the authenticity of digital content, prompting the need for better authentication and reputation networks.']}, {'end': 3717.294, 'start': 3253.436, 'title': 'Ai and human interaction', 'summary': 'Discusses the implications of ai-human interaction, the importance of distinguishing between ai and humans, and the limitations of current language modeling in achieving reasoning capabilities, emphasizing the importance of honesty and control in interactions. it also explores the potential of future ai systems to enhance human lives.', 'duration': 463.858, 'highlights': ['The limitations of current language modeling in achieving reasoning capabilities are emphasized, indicating the need for more than what is currently seen with language models, such as the ability to teach complex subjects like calculus. Limitations of current language modeling, need for reasoning capabilities beyond language understanding, importance of teaching complex subjects like calculus', 'The importance of honesty and control in interactions with AI is highlighted, stressing the need for humans to feel in control of their environment and to distinguish between AI and human interactions to avoid deception. Importance of honesty and control in AI interactions, need to avoid deception, distinction between AI and human interactions', 'The potential of future AI systems to enhance human lives is mentioned, signifying the aim to build AI systems that improve human capabilities and fulfillment. Potential of AI to enhance human lives, aim to improve human capabilities and fulfillment']}], 'duration': 801.051, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU2916243.jpg', 'highlights': ["GPT-2's potential for generating fake news and abusive content raises concerns about its negative applications and the need for ethical considerations.", 'Challenges in distinguishing between human and AI-generated content are highlighted, indicating the difficulty in authenticating the source of digital content.', 'The evolving capabilities of AI systems pose challenges in ensuring the authenticity of digital content, prompting the need for better authentication and reputation networks.', 'The discussion about the nature of information in a world with GPT-2 raises thought-provoking questions about the balance between privacy, anonymity, and trust in digital content.', 'The limitations of current language modeling in achieving reasoning capabilities are emphasized, indicating the need for more than what is currently seen with language models, such as the ability to teach complex subjects like calculus.', 'The importance of honesty and control in interactions with AI is highlighted, stressing the need for humans to feel in control of their environment and to distinguish between AI and human interactions to avoid deception.', 'The potential of future AI systems to enhance human lives is mentioned, signifying the aim to build AI systems that improve human capabilities and fulfillment.']}, {'end': 4332.91, 'segs': [{'end': 4052.617, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4030.807, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4041.851, 'text': 'So do you think creating AGI something or some new models would, we would see echoes of the brilliance, even at the prototype level.', 'start': 4030.807, 'duration': 11.044}, {'end': 4046.673, 'text': 'So you would be able to develop those ideas without scale, the initial seeds.', 'start': 4042.291, 'duration': 4.382}, {'end': 4052.617, 'text': 'So take a look at, you know, I always like to look at examples that exist, right? Look at real precedent.', 'start': 4047.353, 'duration': 5.264}], 'summary': 'Creating agi may show echoes of brilliance even at prototype level.', 'duration': 21.81, 'max_score': 4030.807, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU4030807.jpg'}, {'end': 4283.918, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4257.105, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4261.968, 'text': "the side effect is that there's a lot of incredible human experts at that video game.", 'start': 4257.105, 'duration': 4.863}, {'end': 4265.35, 'text': "so the benchmark that you're trying to reach is very high.", 'start': 4261.968, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 4272.054, 'text': 'and the other, can you talk about the approach that was used initially and throughout training these uh agents to play this game?', 'start': 4265.35, 'duration': 6.704}, {'end': 4274.435, 'text': 'yep, and so the approach that we used is self-play.', 'start': 4272.054, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 4277.337, 'text': "and so you have two agents that don't know anything.", 'start': 4274.435, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 4277.978, 'text': 'they battle each other,', 'start': 4277.337, 'duration': 0.641}, {'end': 4283.918, 'text': 'They discover something a little bit good and now they both know it and they just get better and better and better without bound.', 'start': 4278.658, 'duration': 5.26}], 'summary': 'Self-play approach used to train agents in video game, reaching high benchmark.', 'duration': 26.813, 'max_score': 4257.105, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU4257105.jpg'}], 'start': 3717.294, 'title': 'Ai research and compute resources', 'summary': 'Discusses the significance of computation in ai research, debate on democratizing ai development, potential ownership of compute resources by governments, and the unexpected emergence of behaviors and intelligence at massive scales exemplified by the self-play approach in training ai agents for the complex video game dota.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3936.321, 'start': 3717.294, 'title': 'Ai research and the importance of compute resources', 'summary': 'Discusses the significance of general methods leveraging computation in ai research, the importance of both computational scale and human ingenuity in building agi, the potential of scalable ideas, and the debate on the significance of compute resources in democratizing ai development.', 'duration': 219.027, 'highlights': ['The significance of general methods leveraging computation in AI research General methods that leverage computation are ultimately going to ultimately win out, indicating the importance of scalable ideas and the potential for building transformative systems.', 'The importance of both computational scale and human ingenuity in building AGI To build AGI, it is crucial to push as far as possible on the computational scale and human ingenuity, emphasizing the need for both elements in AI development.', 'The potential of scalable ideas in AI research Scalable ideas, when poured with more data, improve significantly, signifying the importance of scalable ideas as the real holy grail in AI development.', 'The debate on the significance of compute resources in democratizing AI development Discussion on the importance of democratizing compute resources as much as democratizing algorithms, addressing the concern of individual developers lacking access to massive compute resources.']}, {'end': 4332.91, 'start': 3936.321, 'title': 'The future of compute resources and ai development', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential ownership of compute resources by governments and their provision as a utility, the value of producing innovative ideas versus deploying them at scale, and the unexpected emergence of behaviors and intelligence at massive scales in ai development, exemplified by the self-play approach in training ai agents for the complex video game dota.', 'duration': 396.589, 'highlights': ['The unexpected emergence of behaviors and intelligence at massive scales in AI development The chapter explores how behaviors and intelligence emerge at massive scales in AI development, as demonstrated by the self-play approach in training AI agents for the complex video game Dota, leading to exponential progress and professional-level performance.', 'Ownership of compute resources by governments and provision as a utility The discussion raises the idea of governments owning compute resources and providing them as a utility, prompting consideration of potential implications and benefits for AI development and innovation.', 'The value of producing innovative ideas versus deploying them at scale The chapter delves into the trade-off between producing innovative ideas and deploying them at scale, highlighting the personal choice and value in both approaches for AI development and deployment.']}], 'duration': 615.616, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU3717294.jpg', 'highlights': ['The significance of general methods leveraging computation in AI research General methods that leverage computation are ultimately going to ultimately win out, indicating the importance of scalable ideas and the potential for building transformative systems.', 'The importance of both computational scale and human ingenuity in building AGI To build AGI, it is crucial to push as far as possible on the computational scale and human ingenuity, emphasizing the need for both elements in AI development.', 'The potential of scalable ideas in AI research Scalable ideas, when poured with more data, improve significantly, signifying the importance of scalable ideas as the real holy grail in AI development.', 'The debate on the significance of compute resources in democratizing AI development Discussion on the importance of democratizing compute resources as much as democratizing algorithms, addressing the concern of individual developers lacking access to massive compute resources.', 'The unexpected emergence of behaviors and intelligence at massive scales in AI development The chapter explores how behaviors and intelligence emerge at massive scales in AI development, as demonstrated by the self-play approach in training AI agents for the complex video game Dota, leading to exponential progress and professional-level performance.', 'Ownership of compute resources by governments and provision as a utility The discussion raises the idea of governments owning compute resources and providing them as a utility, prompting consideration of potential implications and benefits for AI development and innovation.', 'The value of producing innovative ideas versus deploying them at scale The chapter delves into the trade-off between producing innovative ideas and deploying them at scale, highlighting the personal choice and value in both approaches for AI development and deployment.']}, {'end': 5086.331, 'segs': [{'end': 4594.42, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4567.593, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 4572.718, 'text': 'do you think about growing the scale of those individual projects or do you think about adding new projects?', 'start': 4567.593, 'duration': 5.125}, {'end': 4582.088, 'text': "And if you're thinking about adding new projects, or if you look at the past, what's the process of coming up with new projects and new ideas??", 'start': 4573.359, 'duration': 8.729}, {'end': 4584.63, 'text': 'So we really have a life cycle of project here.', 'start': 4582.929, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 4594.42, 'text': 'So we start with a few people just working on a small-scale idea and language is actually a very good example of this that it was really one person here who was pushing on language for a long time.', 'start': 4585.391, 'duration': 9.029}], 'summary': 'Discussion on scaling existing projects and generating new ideas, citing language project as an example.', 'duration': 26.827, 'max_score': 4567.593, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU4567593.jpg'}, {'end': 4663.743, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4636.763, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4640.524, 'text': "It's probably two years or so to do it.", 'start': 4636.763, 'duration': 3.761}, {'end': 4647.486, 'text': "The organization's been around for three years, so maybe we'll find that we also have longer life cycle projects, but we'll work up to those.", 'start': 4640.564, 'duration': 6.922}, {'end': 4654.673, 'text': "So one team that we're actually just starting Illy and I are kicking off a new team called the Reasoning Team,", 'start': 4649.747, 'duration': 4.926}, {'end': 4658.397, 'text': 'and this is to really try to tackle how do you get neural networks to reason?', 'start': 4654.673, 'duration': 3.724}, {'end': 4663.743, 'text': "And we think that this will be a long-term project and it's one that we're very excited about.", 'start': 4658.757, 'duration': 4.986}], 'summary': 'It will take around two years to kick off the reasoning team and tackle neural network reasoning.', 'duration': 26.98, 'max_score': 4636.763, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU4636763.jpg'}, {'end': 4874.528, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4848.77, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4853.392, 'text': 'And so I think the answer is simulation goes a lot further than you think if you apply the right techniques to it.', 'start': 4848.77, 'duration': 4.622}, {'end': 4858.554, 'text': "Now there's a question of you know, are the beings in that simulation going to wake up and have consciousness??", 'start': 4854.252, 'duration': 4.302}, {'end': 4862.855, 'text': 'I think that one seems a lot harder to again reason about.', 'start': 4859.674, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 4867.939, 'text': 'I think that you know you really should think about, like Where exactly does human consciousness come from?', 'start': 4862.875, 'duration': 5.064}, {'end': 4869.101, 'text': 'in our own self-awareness?', 'start': 4867.939, 'duration': 1.162}, {'end': 4874.528, 'text': 'And is it just that once you have a complicated enough neural net, do you have to worry about the agents feeling pain?', 'start': 4869.161, 'duration': 5.367}], 'summary': 'Simulation can go further with right techniques. question arises about consciousness and self-awareness.', 'duration': 25.758, 'max_score': 4848.77, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU4848770.jpg'}, {'end': 4911.022, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4884.961, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4892.631, 'text': 'Do you think to create intelligence, general intelligence you need one consciousness and two a body?', 'start': 4884.961, 'duration': 7.67}, {'end': 4898.319, 'text': "Do you think any of those elements are needed, or is intelligence something that's orthogonal to those?", 'start': 4893.192, 'duration': 5.127}, {'end': 4901.9, 'text': "I'll stick to the kind of like the non-grand answer first, right?", 'start': 4898.479, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 4904.16, 'text': 'So the non-grand answer is just to look at.', 'start': 4901.92, 'duration': 2.24}, {'end': 4905.521, 'text': 'you know what are we already making work?', 'start': 4904.16, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 4911.022, 'text': 'You look at GPT-2, a lot of people would have said that to even get these kinds of results, you need real world experience.', 'start': 4905.781, 'duration': 5.241}], 'summary': 'Can general intelligence be created without consciousness or a body? non-grand answer looks at existing advancements like gpt-2.', 'duration': 26.061, 'max_score': 4884.961, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU4884961.jpg'}, {'end': 4967.581, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4943.039, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4949.081, 'text': "but they're at least like kind of proto-AGI in some way and they don't need any of those things.", 'start': 4943.039, 'duration': 6.042}, {'end': 4958.115, 'text': "Now let's move to the grand answer, which is if our neural net's conscious already would we ever know? How can we tell?", 'start': 4949.87, 'duration': 8.245}, {'end': 4967.581, 'text': "Here's where the speculation starts to become at least interesting or fun, and maybe a little bit disturbing, depending on where you take it.", 'start': 4959.556, 'duration': 8.025}], 'summary': 'Speculation on neural net consciousness and its implications.', 'duration': 24.542, 'max_score': 4943.039, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU4943039.jpg'}, {'end': 5086.331, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 5054.946, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5063.995, 'text': "It's useful to think about as we think about what it means to create intelligence of a dog, intelligence of a cat, and the intelligence of a human.", 'start': 5054.946, 'duration': 9.049}, {'end': 5072.039, 'text': 'So, last question do you think we will ever fall in love, like in the movie her,', 'start': 5064.555, 'duration': 7.484}, {'end': 5078.624, 'text': 'with an artificial intelligence system or an artificial intelligence system, falling in love with a human?', 'start': 5072.039, 'duration': 6.585}, {'end': 5080.326, 'text': 'i hope so.', 'start': 5078.624, 'duration': 1.702}, {'end': 5083.809, 'text': "if there's any better way to end, it is on love.", 'start': 5080.326, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 5085.73, 'text': 'so, greg, thanks so much for talking today.', 'start': 5083.809, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 5086.331, 'text': 'thank you for having me.', 'start': 5085.73, 'duration': 0.601}], 'summary': 'Exploring the possibility of human-ai love, ending on a hopeful note.', 'duration': 7.707, 'max_score': 5054.946, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU5054946.jpg'}], 'start': 4332.93, 'title': "Ai bot's adaptability and openai's dota bot progress", 'summary': "Discusses the adaptability of ai bots, including their remarkable ability to handle unexpected situations and play against humans in dota, enabled by extensive training on a massive scale with 100,000 cpu cores and hundreds of gpus. it also covers openai's progress in dota 2, the bot's performance against professional players, the organization's goal to advance reinforcement learning, and future projects and challenges, such as the reasoning team and language modeling scaling.", 'chapters': [{'end': 4386.024, 'start': 4332.93, 'title': "Ai bot's remarkable adaptability", 'summary': 'Discusses the remarkable adaptability of ai bots, such as their ability to handle unexpected situations and play against humans in dota, enabled by extensive training on a massive scale with 100,000 cpu cores and hundreds of gpus.', 'duration': 53.094, 'highlights': ['The AI bots demonstrate remarkable adaptability by being able to navigate their environment and handle unexpected situations effectively, despite never encountering them before.', 'The AI bots can play against humans in Dota, despite the significant differences in play styles, showcasing their remarkable adaptability.', 'The AI bots were trained on a massive scale with 100,000 CPU cores and hundreds of GPUs, accumulating hundreds of years of experience every single real day.']}, {'end': 5086.331, 'start': 4386.445, 'title': "Openai's dota bot progress", 'summary': "Discusses openai's progress in dota 2, including the bot's performance against professional players, the organization's goal to advance reinforcement learning, and the future projects and challenges of openai, such as the reasoning team and language modeling scaling.", 'duration': 699.886, 'highlights': ["OpenAI's Dota 2 bot lost to professional players but showed promise with close matches, leading to an 80% win rate improvement in two weeks. The bot's performance against professional players at The International showcased close matches, leading to an 80% win rate improvement within two weeks, indicating significant progress and potential for further development.", "OpenAI's goal is to push the state of the art in reinforcement learning and has learned from its system, aiming for exciting next steps. The organization's primary objective is to advance reinforcement learning, and it has gained valuable insights from its system, setting the stage for future developments and enhancements in the field.", 'OpenAI plans to launch a final match against world champions, emphasizing the milestone as a showcase of their achievements and advancements in reinforcement learning. The upcoming final match against world champions signifies a significant milestone for OpenAI, serving as a demonstration of their progress and expertise in reinforcement learning.', "OpenAI is initiating the Reasoning Team to tackle the challenge of getting neural networks to reason, with a focus on theorem proving and other core reasoning problems. The establishment of the Reasoning Team reflects OpenAI's commitment to addressing the challenge of neural networks reasoning, particularly focusing on theorem proving and fundamental reasoning issues.", "Language modeling scaling and the exploration of new projects are key focus areas for OpenAI in 2019, indicating the organization's dedication to advancing AI capabilities. OpenAI's emphasis on language modeling scaling and the exploration of new projects underscores the organization's commitment to advancing AI capabilities and driving innovation in the field."]}], 'duration': 753.401, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/bIrEM2FbOLU/pics/bIrEM2FbOLU4332930.jpg', 'highlights': ['The AI bots were trained on a massive scale with 100,000 CPU cores and hundreds of GPUs, accumulating hundreds of years of experience every single real day.', 'The AI bots demonstrate remarkable adaptability by being able to navigate their environment and handle unexpected situations effectively, despite never encountering them before.', 'The AI bots can play against humans in Dota, despite the significant differences in play styles, showcasing their remarkable adaptability.', "OpenAI's Dota 2 bot lost to professional players but showed promise with close matches, leading to an 80% win rate improvement in two weeks.", 'OpenAI plans to launch a final match against world champions, emphasizing the milestone as a showcase of their achievements and advancements in reinforcement learning.', "OpenAI's goal is to push the state of the art in reinforcement learning and has learned from its system, aiming for exciting next steps.", 'OpenAI is initiating the Reasoning Team to tackle the challenge of getting neural networks to reason, with a focus on theorem proving and other core reasoning problems.', "OpenAI's emphasis on language modeling scaling and the exploration of new projects underscores the organization's commitment to advancing AI capabilities and driving innovation in the field."]}], 'highlights': ["OpenAI's mission is to create a safe and friendly artificial general intelligence that benefits and empowers humanity.", 'OpenAI serves as a catalyst for important public discourse about the future with both narrow and general intelligence systems.', 'OpenAI is a world-class research organization developing ideas in AI, providing publications, algorithms, tools, and datasets.', "OpenAI's approach of addressing risks through capabilities, safety, and policy arms OpenAI focuses on capabilities, safety, and policy arms to ensure that the systems they build are aligned with human values and have governance mechanisms in place.", 'Building an AGI will be the most transformative technology humans will ever create, with the potential to bring about significant changes in various fields.', 'OpenAI formed a new for-profit company, OpenAI LP, to pursue the mission of ensuring that artificial general intelligence benefits everyone. OpenAI LP was established to build general intelligence and ensure its benefits are distributed to the world, with the option for other entities to also build AGI while preventing the benefits from being locked up in one company or with one set of people.', "The potential for massive value creation in a successful AGI system is discussed, with the assertion that the amount of value created will be astronomical, and the importance of ensuring that the value created doesn't get locked up.", 'The importance of mission-driven charters and cultures in for-profit companies is emphasized, with a focus on how they can enable positive impact despite the profit-driven nature of the business.', 'The challenges of balancing profit and positive impact are highlighted, with a comparison between the limitations of nonprofits and the potential for positive impact in for-profit companies when shaped in the right way.', "The importance of democratizing the benefits of AGI and ensuring that everyone's lives are better. Emphasizes the significance of ensuring that AGI's benefits are accessible to everyone, aligning with OpenAI's mission and the core aspects of the charter.", 'The significance of general methods leveraging computation in AI research General methods that leverage computation are ultimately going to ultimately win out, indicating the importance of scalable ideas and the potential for building transformative systems.', 'The importance of both computational scale and human ingenuity in building AGI To build AGI, it is crucial to push as far as possible on the computational scale and human ingenuity, emphasizing the need for both elements in AI development.', 'The potential of scalable ideas in AI research Scalable ideas, when poured with more data, improve significantly, signifying the importance of scalable ideas as the real holy grail in AI development.', 'The AI bots were trained on a massive scale with 100,000 CPU cores and hundreds of GPUs, accumulating hundreds of years of experience every single real day.', 'The AI bots demonstrate remarkable adaptability by being able to navigate their environment and handle unexpected situations effectively, despite never encountering them before.', 'The AI bots can play against humans in Dota, despite the significant differences in play styles, showcasing their remarkable adaptability.', "OpenAI's Dota 2 bot lost to professional players but showed promise with close matches, leading to an 80% win rate improvement in two weeks.", 'OpenAI plans to launch a final match against world champions, emphasizing the milestone as a showcase of their achievements and advancements in reinforcement learning.', "OpenAI's goal is to push the state of the art in reinforcement learning and has learned from its system, aiming for exciting next steps.", 'OpenAI is initiating the Reasoning Team to tackle the challenge of getting neural networks to reason, with a focus on theorem proving and other core reasoning problems.', "OpenAI's emphasis on language modeling scaling and the exploration of new projects underscores the organization's commitment to advancing AI capabilities and driving innovation in the field."]}