title
Prompt Engineering Tutorial – Master ChatGPT and LLM Responses

description
Learn prompt engineering techniques to get better results from ChatGPT and other LLMs. ✏️ Course developed by @AniaKubow ⭐️ Contents ⭐️ ⌨️ (00:00) Introduction ⌨️ (01:31) What is Prompt Engineering? ⌨️ (02:17) Introduction to AI ⌨️ (03:52) Why is Machine learning useful? ⌨️ (06:36) Linguistics ⌨️ (08:04) Language Models ⌨️ (14:35) Prompt Engineering Mindset ⌨️ (15:38) Using GPT-4 ⌨️ (20:41) Best practices ⌨️ (31:20) Zero shot and few shot prompts ⌨️ (35:06) AI hallucinations ⌨️ (36:43) Vectors/text embeddings ⌨️ (40:28) Recap 🎉 Thanks to our Champion and Sponsor supporters: 👾 davthecoder 👾 jedi-or-sith 👾 南宮千影 👾 Agustín Kussrow 👾 Nattira Maneerat 👾 Heather Wcislo 👾 Serhiy Kalinets 👾 Justin Hual 👾 Otis Morgan 👾 Oscar Rahnama English This video has been dubbed using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. You can change the audio track language in the Settings menu. Spanish Este video ha sido doblado al español con voz artificial con https://aloud.area120.google.com para aumentar la accesibilidad. Puede cambiar el idioma de la pista de audio en el menú Configuración. Portuguese Este vídeo foi dublado para o português usando uma voz artificial via https://aloud.area120.google.com para melhorar sua acessibilidade. Você pode alterar o idioma do áudio no menu Configurações. Hindi इस वीडियो को ज़्यादा लोगों तक पहुंचाने के लिए, इसे https://aloud.area120.google.com के ज़रिए एक आर्टिफ़िशियल वॉइस का इस्तेमाल करके डब किया गया है. सेटिंग्स मेनू में जाकर ऑडियो ट्रैक की भाषा बदली जा सकती है. (Hindi dubbed via Melt Labs - https://www.withmelt.com/) -- Learn to code for free and get a developer job: https://www.freecodecamp.org Read hundreds of articles on programming: https://freecodecamp.org/news

detail
{'title': 'Prompt Engineering Tutorial – Master ChatGPT and LLM Responses', 'heatmap': [{'end': 1908.272, 'start': 1837.709, 'weight': 1}, {'end': 2272.813, 'start': 2242.456, 'weight': 0.75}], 'summary': "This tutorial delves into prompt engineering, a lucrative career with salaries up to 335,000 usd, linguistics in ai, the evolution of language models, best practices for prompt creation, gpt-4's advanced prompting, ai hallucinations, and text embeddings.", 'chapters': [{'end': 379.452, 'segs': [{'end': 66.27, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 23.045, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 27.589, 'text': "And I'm a software developer as well as course creator here on free code camp as well as on my own channel.", 'start': 23.045, 'duration': 4.544}, {'end': 33.614, 'text': 'This is going to be a unique course for me, as there is going to be a lot less coding going on,', 'start': 28.31, 'duration': 5.304}, {'end': 42.341, 'text': 'but a lot more understanding about the topic of prompt engineering and why some companies are paying up to 335, 000 US dollars a year,', 'start': 33.614, 'duration': 8.727}, {'end': 44.743, 'text': 'according to Bloomberg, for people in this profession.', 'start': 42.341, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 48.164, 'text': 'and no coding background is necessarily required.', 'start': 44.943, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 51.145, 'text': "So what are we waiting for? Let's do it.", 'start': 48.844, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 56.066, 'text': 'In this course we will learn what prompt engineering is exactly.', 'start': 51.685, 'duration': 4.381}, {'end': 63.389, 'text': 'get a brief introduction to AI, a look at large language models or LLMs such as chat GPT.', 'start': 56.066, 'duration': 7.323}, {'end': 66.27, 'text': 'a look at text-to-image models such as Midjourney.', 'start': 63.389, 'duration': 2.881}], 'summary': 'Course on prompt engineering, lucrative salaries up to 335,000 usd, no coding background required.', 'duration': 43.225, 'max_score': 23.045, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o23045.jpg'}, {'end': 118.829, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 91.928, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 97.95, 'text': 'Prompt engineering in a nutshell is a career that came about off the back of the rise of artificial intelligence.', 'start': 91.928, 'duration': 6.022}, {'end': 102.732, 'text': 'It involves human writing, refining and optimizing prompts in a structured way.', 'start': 98.53, 'duration': 4.202}, {'end': 109.094, 'text': 'This is done with the intention of perfecting the interaction between humans and AI to the highest degree possible.', 'start': 103.412, 'duration': 5.682}, {'end': 111.547, 'text': 'Not only that, however.', 'start': 109.907, 'duration': 1.64}, {'end': 118.829, 'text': 'a prompt engineer is then also required to continuously monitor those prompts to ensure their effectiveness with time as AI progresses.', 'start': 111.547, 'duration': 7.282}], 'summary': 'Prompt engineering is optimizing prompts for ai-human interaction, involving continuous monitoring.', 'duration': 26.901, 'max_score': 91.928, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o91928.jpg'}, {'end': 178.133, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 133.371, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 138.672, 'text': "Before moving on, let's actually make sure we are on the same page about what exactly AI is.", 'start': 133.371, 'duration': 5.301}, {'end': 145.078, 'text': 'Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines.', 'start': 139.432, 'duration': 5.646}, {'end': 153.967, 'text': 'I say simulation, as artificial intelligence is not sentient, at least not yet anyways, meaning it cannot think for itself.', 'start': 145.759, 'duration': 8.208}, {'end': 155.448, 'text': 'as much as it may seem it does.', 'start': 153.967, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 161.636, 'text': 'Often, and this is certainly the case with tools such as ChatGPT, for example.', 'start': 156.349, 'duration': 5.287}, {'end': 165.922, 'text': 'when we say AI, we are simply referring to a term called machine learning.', 'start': 161.636, 'duration': 4.286}, {'end': 173.111, 'text': 'Machine learning works by using large amounts of training data that is then analyzed for correlations and patterns.', 'start': 166.683, 'duration': 6.428}, {'end': 178.133, 'text': 'These patterns are then used to predict outcomes based on the training data provided.', 'start': 173.812, 'duration': 4.321}], 'summary': 'Ai is the simulation of human intelligence by machines using machine learning, which analyzes large amounts of training data for correlations and patterns.', 'duration': 44.762, 'max_score': 133.371, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o133371.jpg'}], 'start': 0.069, 'title': 'Ai and prompt engineering', 'summary': 'Covers prompt engineering, a lucrative career with salaries up to 335,000 usd, and delves into ai concepts, applications, and the potential for language learning and interactive teaching.', 'chapters': [{'end': 132.831, 'start': 0.069, 'title': 'Mastering prompt engineering for chatgpt', 'summary': 'Delves into the lucrative career of prompt engineering, explaining its rise due to ai and the high demand with salaries reaching up to 335,000 usd, while highlighting the focus areas of the course, including large language models like chatgpt, text-to-image models, emerging ai models, and prompt engineering best practices.', 'duration': 132.762, 'highlights': ['Prompt engineering professionals can earn up to 335,000 USD per year, reflecting the high demand for this career.', 'The course covers a range of topics including large language models like ChatGPT, text-to-image models, and emerging AI models, providing a comprehensive understanding of prompt engineering strategies.', 'Prompt engineering involves human writing, refining, and optimizing prompts to perfect the interaction between humans and AI, emphasizing the structured approach to enhancing AI-human interaction.', 'Prompt engineers are responsible for continuously monitoring and updating prompts to ensure their effectiveness as AI progresses, underscoring the ongoing maintenance and optimization required in this field.']}, {'end': 379.452, 'start': 133.371, 'title': 'Understanding ai and its applications', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of ai as the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, focusing on machine learning and its application in creating ai models, with the example of chatgpt, and the potential for ai to aid in language learning and interactive teaching.', 'duration': 246.081, 'highlights': ['Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, not sentient, and is often associated with machine learning using large amounts of training data for predicting outcomes.', "The example of using AI to categorize paragraphs based on training data and the potential for AI to aid in language learning, with the example of ChatGPT's GPT-4 model.", 'The interactive teaching potential of AI, including correction of grammar mistakes and typos, and the suggestion to include correction of factual errors to benefit young learners.']}], 'duration': 379.383, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o69.jpg', 'highlights': ['Prompt engineering professionals can earn up to 335,000 USD per year, reflecting the high demand for this career.', 'The course covers a range of topics including large language models like ChatGPT, text-to-image models, and emerging AI models, providing a comprehensive understanding of prompt engineering strategies.', "The example of using AI to categorize paragraphs based on training data and the potential for AI to aid in language learning, with the example of ChatGPT's GPT-4 model.", 'Prompt engineering involves human writing, refining, and optimizing prompts to perfect the interaction between humans and AI, emphasizing the structured approach to enhancing AI-human interaction.', 'Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, not sentient, and is often associated with machine learning using large amounts of training data for predicting outcomes.']}, {'end': 604.936, 'segs': [{'end': 408.026, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 379.832, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 385.973, 'text': "So in a way you're communicating with the AI, it's giving you suggestions and you're learning along the way.", 'start': 379.832, 'duration': 6.141}, {'end': 390.254, 'text': "It's a completely different experience, thanks to the prompt that we wrote.", 'start': 386.093, 'duration': 4.161}, {'end': 395.858, 'text': "Pretty cool, right? We're going to be diving into a bunch of these concepts soon, but first let's start with the basics.", 'start': 390.774, 'duration': 5.084}, {'end': 400.941, 'text': 'Linguistics Linguistics is the study of language.', 'start': 397.079, 'duration': 3.862}, {'end': 408.026, 'text': 'It focuses on everything from phonetics, so the study of how speech sounds are produced and perceived.', 'start': 401.442, 'duration': 6.584}], 'summary': 'Learning ai suggestions enhance communication. exploring linguistics basics soon.', 'duration': 28.194, 'max_score': 379.832, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o379832.jpg'}, {'end': 471.356, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 422.238, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 431.746, 'text': 'so in other words, the study of how language is used in context, historical linguistics, or the study of language change, sociolinguistics, or,', 'start': 422.238, 'duration': 9.508}, {'end': 435.77, 'text': 'in other words, the study of the relation between language and society.', 'start': 431.746, 'duration': 4.024}, {'end': 443.697, 'text': 'computational linguistics, so the study of how computers can process human language and physiolinguistics,', 'start': 436.37, 'duration': 7.327}, {'end': 447.24, 'text': 'or the study of how humans acquire and use language.', 'start': 443.697, 'duration': 3.543}, {'end': 451.544, 'text': 'So a lot! Linguistics are the key to prompt engineering.', 'start': 447.921, 'duration': 3.623}, {'end': 459.972, 'text': 'Why? Understanding the nuances of language and how it is used in different contexts is crucial for crafting effective prompts.', 'start': 452.125, 'duration': 7.847}, {'end': 461.629, 'text': 'Not only that,', 'start': 460.788, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 469.495, 'text': 'but knowing how to use a grammar or language structure that is universally used will result in the AI system returning back the most accurate results.', 'start': 461.629, 'duration': 7.866}, {'end': 471.356, 'text': 'As you can imagine,', 'start': 470.435, 'duration': 0.921}], 'summary': 'Linguistics are crucial for engineering prompts, ensuring effective language usage and accurate ai results.', 'duration': 49.118, 'max_score': 422.238, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o422238.jpg'}, {'end': 548.184, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 522.563, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 527.645, 'text': 'Just like a master linguist, it becomes an expert in the art of conversation, grammar and style.', 'start': 522.563, 'duration': 5.082}, {'end': 532.629, 'text': 'But how does this all work? Well, imagine you feed a sentence.', 'start': 528.385, 'duration': 4.244}, {'end': 539.436, 'text': 'The language model will then analyze the sentence, examine the order of words, their meanings and the way they fit together.', 'start': 533.029, 'duration': 6.407}, {'end': 548.184, 'text': 'Then the language model would generate a prediction or a continuation of the sentence that makes sense based on its understanding of the language.', 'start': 539.916, 'duration': 8.268}], 'summary': 'Language model analyzes sentences and generates predictions based on understanding of language.', 'duration': 25.621, 'max_score': 522.563, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o522563.jpg'}, {'end': 590.128, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 560.91, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 564.151, 'text': 'You ask a question, and it responds with a well-crafted answer.', 'start': 560.91, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 567.253, 'text': 'You tell a joke, and it counters with a witty remark.', 'start': 564.671, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 572.295, 'text': "It's like having a language expert by your side, always ready to assist and engage in conversation.", 'start': 567.813, 'duration': 4.482}, {'end': 576.337, 'text': 'Now, you may wonder where these language models are used.', 'start': 573.135, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 583.042, 'text': "They can be found in various places, from your smartphone's virtual assistants to customer service chatbots,", 'start': 576.897, 'duration': 6.145}, {'end': 585.444, 'text': 'and even in the creative realm of writing.', 'start': 583.042, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 590.128, 'text': 'They help us find information, offer suggestions, and create content.', 'start': 586.064, 'duration': 4.064}], 'summary': 'Language models assist in various platforms, like virtual assistants and chatbots, enabling information retrieval and content creation.', 'duration': 29.218, 'max_score': 560.91, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o560910.jpg'}], 'start': 379.832, 'title': 'Linguistics and language models in ai', 'summary': 'Provides an introduction to linguistics, covering phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics, and computational linguistics, and discusses the significance of linguistics in engineering language models, emphasizing standardized language structures and their impact on human-like text generation.', 'chapters': [{'end': 447.24, 'start': 379.832, 'title': 'Introduction to linguistics', 'summary': 'Introduces the study of linguistics, covering various aspects such as phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics, and computational linguistics, setting the foundation for further exploration.', 'duration': 67.408, 'highlights': ['The study of linguistics encompasses various aspects such as phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics, and computational linguistics, providing a comprehensive understanding of language and its processing by computers.', 'Linguistics also includes the study of historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, and physiolinguistics, offering insights into language change, its relation to society, and how humans acquire and use language.', 'Engaging with AI to receive suggestions and prompt-based learning offers a unique and interactive experience, fostering a deeper understanding of the subject matter.']}, {'end': 604.936, 'start': 447.921, 'title': 'Language models in ai', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of linguistics in engineering language models, emphasizing the role of standardized language structures and the impact of language models on human-like text generation and their applications in various fields.', 'duration': 157.015, 'highlights': ['Language models are crucial in crafting effective prompts as they understand the nuances of language and use standardized grammar, resulting in accurate results.', 'Language models learn from a vast collection of written text and become experts in conversation, grammar, and style, resembling a master linguist.', 'They are used in various applications such as smartphone virtual assistants, customer service chatbots, and content creation, relying on human ingenuity and the power of algorithms.']}], 'duration': 225.104, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o379832.jpg', 'highlights': ['Language models learn from a vast collection of written text and become experts in conversation, grammar, and style, resembling a master linguist.', 'The study of linguistics encompasses various aspects such as phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics, and computational linguistics, providing a comprehensive understanding of language and its processing by computers.', 'Language models are crucial in crafting effective prompts as they understand the nuances of language and use standardized grammar, resulting in accurate results.', 'Linguistics also includes the study of historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, and physiolinguistics, offering insights into language change, its relation to society, and how humans acquire and use language.', 'They are used in various applications such as smartphone virtual assistants, customer service chatbots, and content creation, relying on human ingenuity and the power of algorithms.', 'Engaging with AI to receive suggestions and prompt-based learning offers a unique and interactive experience, fostering a deeper understanding of the subject matter.']}, {'end': 1232.252, 'segs': [{'end': 885.37, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 818.681, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 825.764, 'text': 'GPT-1 was a taste of things to come, an impressive language model, but small compared to its descendants that we use today.', 'start': 818.681, 'duration': 7.083}, {'end': 834.607, 'text': 'As time went on, the saga continued with the arrival of GPT-2 in 2019, followed by GPT-3 in 2020.', 'start': 826.344, 'duration': 8.263}, {'end': 841.769, 'text': 'This was a titan among language models, equipped with a large number of parameters, over 175 billion to be precise.', 'start': 834.607, 'duration': 7.162}, {'end': 849.432, 'text': 'GPT-3 dazzled the world with its unparalleled ability to understand, respond and even generate creative pieces of writing.', 'start': 842.309, 'duration': 7.123}, {'end': 854.174, 'text': 'The arrival of GPT-3 marked a real turning point in terms of language models and AI.', 'start': 849.952, 'duration': 4.222}, {'end': 856.035, 'text': 'At the time of writing.', 'start': 855.054, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 865.119, 'text': 'we now also have GPT-4, trained on pretty much the whole internet, rather than outdated large data sets, as well as BERT from Google and so much more.', 'start': 856.035, 'duration': 9.084}, {'end': 870.082, 'text': 'It would seem we are only just at the start when it comes to language models and AI,', 'start': 865.9, 'duration': 4.182}, {'end': 874.804, 'text': 'so learning how to harness this data with prompt engineering is a smart move for anyone today.', 'start': 870.082, 'duration': 4.722}, {'end': 877.702, 'text': 'The prompt engineering mindset.', 'start': 876.141, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 882.227, 'text': 'When thinking of good prompts, it is always best to get in the correct mindset.', 'start': 878.343, 'duration': 3.884}, {'end': 885.37, 'text': 'Essentially, you want to just write one prompt right?', 'start': 882.707, 'duration': 2.663}], 'summary': 'Gpt-3 had over 175 billion parameters, marking a turning point in language models and ai.', 'duration': 66.689, 'max_score': 818.681, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o818681.jpg'}, {'end': 978.77, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 929.6, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 934.288, 'text': 'This variance exists because of the opaqueness of what Google is doing under the hood.', 'start': 929.6, 'duration': 4.688}, {'end': 938.194, 'text': 'We are going to keep this in mind for the remainder of the course.', 'start': 934.989, 'duration': 3.205}, {'end': 942.717, 'text': 'A quick intro to using ChatGPT by OpenAI.', 'start': 939.355, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 951.221, 'text': "So as I said in this course for the examples, I will be using ChatGPT's GPT-4 model.", 'start': 943.637, 'duration': 7.584}, {'end': 959.265, 'text': 'In order to follow along or just to understand how we are going to be using the platform, please head over to openai.com.', 'start': 951.741, 'duration': 7.524}, {'end': 962.487, 'text': 'and just go ahead and sign up.', 'start': 960.826, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 964.409, 'text': "I've already signed up.", 'start': 963.308, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 966.53, 'text': "So I'm just going to go ahead and log in.", 'start': 964.469, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 972.274, 'text': 'And that will take me to the platform in which I can choose what I want to interact with.', 'start': 967.03, 'duration': 5.244}, {'end': 978.77, 'text': 'For this tutorial, we are going to be interacting with chat GPT-4.', 'start': 973.266, 'duration': 5.504}], 'summary': "Using chatgpt's gpt-4 model for interactive tutorials.", 'duration': 49.17, 'max_score': 929.6, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o929600.jpg'}, {'end': 1113.274, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1061.181, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1064.648, 'text': "So once again, to create a new chat, all you'd have to do is create your chat.", 'start': 1061.181, 'duration': 3.467}, {'end': 1068.475, 'text': 'And if you want to delete the old one, just go ahead and click that delete button.', 'start': 1064.988, 'duration': 3.487}, {'end': 1069.797, 'text': 'And that will delete it.', 'start': 1068.775, 'duration': 1.022}, {'end': 1072.903, 'text': 'And then a new chat is brought up automatically.', 'start': 1070.218, 'duration': 2.685}, {'end': 1085.975, 'text': 'Wonderful Now you might have seen my course on open AI in which we can also use the API and to use the API, just go over to the API references.', 'start': 1073.82, 'duration': 12.155}, {'end': 1092.664, 'text': 'And all you would have to do is get an API key and the API key can be viewed here.', 'start': 1086.616, 'duration': 6.048}, {'end': 1096.742, 'text': 'And then you just go ahead and create an API key,', 'start': 1093.74, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 1105.769, 'text': 'and that will allow you to interact with the open AI API in order for you to build out your own platforms, just as the one we saw before.', 'start': 1096.742, 'duration': 9.027}, {'end': 1113.274, 'text': "So if you're interested in that, please do head over to my tutorial on this again on the free Kirkham channel.", 'start': 1106.229, 'duration': 7.045}], 'summary': 'Create, delete chat; use open ai api for platform development.', 'duration': 52.093, 'max_score': 1061.181, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o1061181.jpg'}, {'end': 1206.192, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1142.865, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1148.451, 'text': "I'm gonna head over to the documentation and talk to you a little bit about tokens.", 'start': 1142.865, 'duration': 5.586}, {'end': 1155.384, 'text': 'So GPT-4 essentially processes all texts in chunks called tokens.', 'start': 1149.841, 'duration': 5.543}, {'end': 1163.589, 'text': 'And this token is approximately four characters or 0.75 words for English text.', 'start': 1156.085, 'duration': 7.504}, {'end': 1167.451, 'text': 'And we essentially get charged by token.', 'start': 1164.55, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 1172.794, 'text': 'If you want to know exactly how many tokens you are using, you can check it out here.', 'start': 1167.891, 'duration': 4.903}, {'end': 1177.377, 'text': 'You can check out the tokenizer tool and it will give you a rough example.', 'start': 1173.275, 'duration': 4.102}, {'end': 1184.262, 'text': 'So for example, I can say, what is four plus four.', 'start': 1177.837, 'duration': 6.425}, {'end': 1191.246, 'text': 'And with that piece of text, the total count of tokens is going to be six.', 'start': 1184.842, 'duration': 6.404}, {'end': 1194.108, 'text': 'Okay, so there we go.', 'start': 1191.787, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 1201.293, 'text': 'That is exactly how many tokens will be used in order to produce a answer for this request.', 'start': 1194.228, 'duration': 7.065}, {'end': 1204.791, 'text': 'Great So here is a URL for that.', 'start': 1202.148, 'duration': 2.643}, {'end': 1206.192, 'text': 'You can play around with it.', 'start': 1204.831, 'duration': 1.361}], 'summary': 'Gpt-4 processes texts in tokens, charged by token; 4 chars or 0.75 words. tool shows token count.', 'duration': 63.327, 'max_score': 1142.865, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o1142865.jpg'}], 'start': 605.456, 'title': 'Evolution of language models', 'summary': 'Explores the evolution of language models from early ai like eliza to gpt-3 with over 175 billion parameters in 2020, marking a significant turning point in ai. it also introduces the usage of chatgpt-4 by openai for interactive conversations and discusses creating and managing api keys, usage, and billing for chatgpt, as well as referencing an open ai course.', 'chapters': [{'end': 928.84, 'start': 605.456, 'title': 'Evolution of language models', 'summary': 'Explores the history of language models, from the early ai eliza in the 60s to the emergence of powerful models like gpt-3 with over 175 billion parameters in 2020, marking a significant turning point in the field of language models and ai.', 'duration': 323.384, 'highlights': ["ELIZA's impact and significance", 'The emergence of GPT-3', 'The impact of prompt engineering']}, {'end': 1060.441, 'start': 929.6, 'title': 'Using chatgpt-4 for interactions', 'summary': 'Introduces the usage of chatgpt-4 by openai for interactive conversations, demonstrating its capabilities and how to engage with the platform, providing a quick glimpse into its functionalities and a call to sign up on openai.com.', 'duration': 130.841, 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces the usage of ChatGPT-4 by OpenAI for interactive conversations', 'Demonstrating its capabilities and how to engage with the platform', 'Providing a quick glimpse into its functionalities and a call to sign up on openai.com']}, {'end': 1232.252, 'start': 1061.181, 'title': 'Using chatgpt and openai api', 'summary': 'Discusses creating and deleting chats, obtaining and managing api keys, understanding token usage, and managing usage and billing for chatgpt, as well as referencing an open ai course.', 'duration': 171.071, 'highlights': ['To interact with the open AI API, you need to obtain an API key, and then you can build your own platforms using it.', 'GPT-4 processes all texts in chunks called tokens, and it charges based on the number of tokens used, which is approximately four characters or 0.75 words for English text.', "You can manage your ChatGPT usage, view your usage per month, and add billing if you've used up all your tokens and can't use it anymore.", "Creating and deleting chats is a simple process, and there's a tutorial available on open AI on the free Kirkham channel.", "The total count of tokens for a text like 'what is four plus four' is six, providing an example of how token usage is calculated."]}], 'duration': 626.796, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o605456.jpg', 'highlights': ['GPT-3 with over 175 billion parameters in 2020', 'The emergence of GPT-3', 'The impact of prompt engineering', 'The chapter introduces the usage of ChatGPT-4 by OpenAI for interactive conversations', 'Demonstrating its capabilities and how to engage with the platform', 'To interact with the open AI API, you need to obtain an API key', 'GPT-4 processes all texts in chunks called tokens', 'Creating and deleting chats is a simple process', "The total count of tokens for a text like 'what is four plus four' is six"]}, {'end': 1810.608, 'segs': [{'end': 1323.75, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1260.691, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1265.956, 'text': 'When you start to look at it, creating effective prompts relies on a bunch of different factors.', 'start': 1260.691, 'duration': 5.265}, {'end': 1269.44, 'text': 'Here are some things to consider when writing a good prompt.', 'start': 1266.616, 'duration': 2.824}, {'end': 1274.326, 'text': 'Consider writing clear instructions with details in your query.', 'start': 1270.301, 'duration': 4.025}, {'end': 1281.496, 'text': 'Consider adopting a persona as well as specifying the format using iterative prompting,', 'start': 1274.847, 'duration': 6.649}, {'end': 1286.439, 'text': "meaning if you have a multi-part question or if the first response wasn't sufficient,", 'start': 1281.836, 'duration': 4.603}, {'end': 1293.083, 'text': 'you can continue by asking follow-up questions or asking the model to elaborate and avoid leading the answer.', 'start': 1286.439, 'duration': 6.644}, {'end': 1299.067, 'text': "Try not to make your prompt so leading that it inadvertently tells the model what answer you're expecting.", 'start': 1293.723, 'duration': 5.344}, {'end': 1302.108, 'text': 'This might bias the response unduly.', 'start': 1299.547, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 1304.91, 'text': 'And finally, limit the scope for long topics.', 'start': 1302.569, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 1310.794, 'text': "If you're asking about a broad topic, it's helpful to break it down or limit the scope to get a more focused answer.", 'start': 1305.45, 'duration': 5.344}, {'end': 1312.935, 'text': "Let's look at some of these now.", 'start': 1311.514, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 1318.659, 'text': 'In order to write clearer instructions, we can adopt writing more details in our queries.', 'start': 1313.635, 'duration': 5.024}, {'end': 1323.75, 'text': "And to get the best results, don't assume the AI knows what you are talking about.", 'start': 1319.329, 'duration': 4.421}], 'summary': 'Effective prompts should include clear instructions, avoid leading bias, and limit scope for focused answers.', 'duration': 63.059, 'max_score': 1260.691, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o1260691.jpg'}, {'end': 1637.684, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1608.751, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1614.575, 'text': "Using a persona in prompt engineering can help ensure that the language model's output is relevant,", 'start': 1608.751, 'duration': 5.824}, {'end': 1625.543, 'text': 'useful and consistent with the needs and preferences of the target audience users.', 'start': 1614.575, 'duration': 10.968}, {'end': 1629.049, 'text': "let's look at some examples of adopting a persona.", 'start': 1625.543, 'duration': 3.506}, {'end': 1635.179, 'text': "so, for example, you can have this prompt right here write a poem for a sister's high school graduation.", 'start': 1629.049, 'duration': 6.13}, {'end': 1637.684, 'text': 'that would be read out to a family and close friends.', 'start': 1635.179, 'duration': 2.505}], 'summary': 'Using personas in prompt engineering ensures relevant, useful, and consistent output for target audience users.', 'duration': 28.933, 'max_score': 1608.751, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o1608751.jpg'}], 'start': 1232.892, 'title': 'Prompt engineering best practices', 'summary': 'Covers best practices for creating effective prompts, emphasizing clear instructions, avoiding leading questions, and limiting the scope for long topics. it also demonstrates the importance of specific instructions for chatgpt, including examples of writing javascript functions, specifying summarization format, and adopting a persona in prompts.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1411.733, 'start': 1232.892, 'title': 'Creating effective prompts', 'summary': 'Discusses best practices for creating effective prompts, highlighting the importance of clear instructions, avoiding leading questions, and limiting the scope for long topics to improve the efficiency and accuracy of prompt engineering.', 'duration': 178.841, 'highlights': ['Creating effective prompts relies on factors such as writing clear instructions, adopting a persona, using iterative prompting, and avoiding leading questions, which can improve prompt efficiency by reducing time loss and frustration.', 'Providing clear instructions in prompts, such as specifying details and context, can lead to more precise and accurate responses, reducing the need for follow-up questions and time wastage.', 'Limiting the scope of prompts for long topics can contribute to obtaining more focused and relevant answers, enhancing the overall efficiency of prompt engineering.', "Avoiding leading questions in prompts is crucial to prevent biasing the model's responses, ultimately improving the accuracy and quality of the generated content."]}, {'end': 1810.608, 'start': 1412.754, 'title': 'Chatgpt prompt engineering', 'summary': 'Demonstrates the importance of being specific in giving instructions to chatgpt for better outputs, including examples of writing javascript functions, specifying summarization format, and adopting a persona in prompts.', 'duration': 397.854, 'highlights': ['Being specific in giving instructions to ChatGPT leads to better outputs, as demonstrated through examples of writing a JavaScript function, specifying summarization format, and adopting a persona in prompts.', 'Requesting specific explanations from ChatGPT helps in understanding the code and its implementation.', 'The chapter illustrates the significance of specifying the desired format for summarization, such as using bullet points and setting word limit for each point.', "Adopting a persona in prompts can help ensure that the language model's output is relevant and consistent with the needs and preferences of the target audience users."]}], 'duration': 577.716, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o1232892.jpg', 'highlights': ['Creating effective prompts relies on clear instructions, persona, and avoiding leading questions', 'Specific instructions lead to precise responses, reducing follow-up questions and time wastage', 'Limiting prompt scope for long topics enhances overall prompt efficiency', 'Avoiding leading questions prevents bias, improving content accuracy and quality', 'Specific instructions to ChatGPT result in better outputs and understanding', 'Illustrating the significance of specifying summarization format and persona in prompts']}, {'end': 2091.35, 'segs': [{'end': 1908.272, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1837.709, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1847.054, 'text': 'However, we can do a bunch of other things, including specifying if something is a summary, a list or a detailed explanation.', 'start': 1837.709, 'duration': 9.345}, {'end': 1849.456, 'text': 'Heck, you can even create checklists.', 'start': 1847.314, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 1852.918, 'text': "So I'm going to go ahead and show you how to do this.", 'start': 1849.996, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 1856.5, 'text': "Here is an example prompt and I'm just going to run it.", 'start': 1853.018, 'duration': 3.482}, {'end': 1859.884, 'text': 'And there we go, we have created a checklist.', 'start': 1857.16, 'duration': 2.724}, {'end': 1871.941, 'text': 'So many things you can do in chat GPT, just make sure to specify the type of format you want, and it should be able to do it.', 'start': 1860.345, 'duration': 11.596}, {'end': 1874.034, 'text': 'Okay, great.', 'start': 1873.214, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 1880.897, 'text': "Now that we looked at some best practices, let's move on to some more advanced topics for prompt engineering.", 'start': 1874.154, 'duration': 6.743}, {'end': 1888.161, 'text': "In this section, I'm going to talk about two types of prompting we can do, zero-shot prompting and few-shot prompting.", 'start': 1881.738, 'duration': 6.423}, {'end': 1895.704, 'text': "Zero-shot prompting leverages a pre-trained model's understanding of words and concept relationships without further training.", 'start': 1888.761, 'duration': 6.943}, {'end': 1902.447, 'text': 'And few-shot prompting enhances the model with training examples via the prompt, avoiding retraining.', 'start': 1896.124, 'duration': 6.323}, {'end': 1908.272, 'text': "So essentially, in the context of the GPT-4 model, we don't really need to do much.", 'start': 1903.007, 'duration': 5.265}], 'summary': 'Gpt-4 model supports various formats, zero-shot and few-shot prompting.', 'duration': 70.563, 'max_score': 1837.709, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o1837709.jpg'}, {'end': 1908.272, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1860.345, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1871.941, 'text': 'So many things you can do in chat GPT, just make sure to specify the type of format you want, and it should be able to do it.', 'start': 1860.345, 'duration': 11.596}, {'end': 1874.034, 'text': 'Okay, great.', 'start': 1873.214, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 1880.897, 'text': "Now that we looked at some best practices, let's move on to some more advanced topics for prompt engineering.", 'start': 1874.154, 'duration': 6.743}, {'end': 1888.161, 'text': "In this section, I'm going to talk about two types of prompting we can do, zero-shot prompting and few-shot prompting.", 'start': 1881.738, 'duration': 6.423}, {'end': 1895.704, 'text': "Zero-shot prompting leverages a pre-trained model's understanding of words and concept relationships without further training.", 'start': 1888.761, 'duration': 6.943}, {'end': 1902.447, 'text': 'And few-shot prompting enhances the model with training examples via the prompt, avoiding retraining.', 'start': 1896.124, 'duration': 6.323}, {'end': 1908.272, 'text': "So essentially, in the context of the GPT-4 model, we don't really need to do much.", 'start': 1903.007, 'duration': 5.265}], 'summary': 'Chat gpt can perform zero-shot and few-shot prompting to enhance its understanding without much need for retraining.', 'duration': 47.927, 'max_score': 1860.345, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o1860345.jpg'}, {'end': 2023.079, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1987.612, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1996.06, 'text': "So let's think what would GPT-4 not know? I guess it would not know my favorite types of food.", 'start': 1987.612, 'duration': 8.448}, {'end': 2006.701, 'text': "So for example, let's check what is Ania's favorite type of food, plural.", 'start': 1996.461, 'duration': 10.24}, {'end': 2013.869, 'text': "Okay And I mean, it can guess, but no, it's just telling me that it doesn't know.", 'start': 2007.662, 'duration': 6.207}, {'end': 2016.552, 'text': 'So that is absolutely fine.', 'start': 2014.41, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 2017.613, 'text': "Let's stop generating.", 'start': 2016.592, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 2020.897, 'text': "So now let's feed it in some example data.", 'start': 2018.094, 'duration': 2.803}, {'end': 2023.079, 'text': "I'm going to feed it in a tiny bit of data.", 'start': 2020.917, 'duration': 2.162}], 'summary': "Exploring gpt-4's limitations, unable to recognize favorite food types.", 'duration': 35.467, 'max_score': 1987.612, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o1987612.jpg'}], 'start': 1810.608, 'title': "Gpt-4's advanced prompting", 'summary': 'Covers advanced prompting techniques, zero-shot and few-shot prompting in gpt-4 model, showcasing its capabilities in performing tasks without explicit training examples and providing relevant responses based on limited example data.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1908.272, 'start': 1810.608, 'title': 'Enhancing gpt prompting', 'summary': 'Covers the refinement of prompts, specifying formats, and advanced prompting techniques including zero-shot and few-shot prompting in gpt-4 model without the need for extensive retraining.', 'duration': 97.664, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the refinement of prompts, specifying formats, and advanced prompting techniques including zero-shot and few-shot prompting.', "Zero-shot prompting leverages a pre-trained model's understanding of words and concept relationships without further training.", 'Few-shot prompting enhances the model with training examples via the prompt, avoiding retraining.', 'The GPT-4 model can perform various formatting tasks, including creating checklists and specifying the desired format.', 'Limiting words is a commonly used technique in prompt engineering.']}, {'end': 1986.751, 'start': 1908.572, 'title': 'Zero-shot and few-shot prompting', 'summary': 'Explores the concepts of zero-shot and few-shot prompting, showcasing how a model like gpt could perform tasks without explicit training examples and how a bit of data can level up the language model.', 'duration': 78.179, 'highlights': ['Zero-shot prompting allows querying models like GPT without explicit training examples, enabling the model to perform tasks without having seen any examples during training.', 'Few-shot prompting involves providing a small amount of data to train the language model, allowing it to level up by showing a few examples of the task it needs to perform.']}, {'end': 2091.35, 'start': 1987.612, 'title': "Gpt-4's food preference understanding", 'summary': 'Explores the capabilities of gpt-4 in understanding food preferences and providing restaurant recommendations based on limited example data, showcasing its few-shot prompting abilities in generating relevant responses.', 'duration': 103.738, 'highlights': ["GPT-4's ability to understand food preferences based on example data and provide relevant restaurant recommendations is showcased, highlighting its few-shot prompting capabilities.", "The example demonstrates GPT-4's potential in understanding and applying limited input data to generate contextually relevant responses, such as suggesting restaurants based on favorite types of food.", "The transcript illustrates the use of GPT-4 to provide personalized restaurant recommendations based on the user's favorite food types, displaying its potential in understanding and applying specific preferences."]}], 'duration': 280.742, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o1810608.jpg', 'highlights': ["GPT-4's few-shot prompting showcases understanding food preferences and providing relevant restaurant recommendations.", 'Zero-shot prompting enables GPT-4 to perform tasks without explicit training examples.', 'Few-shot prompting enhances GPT-4 with training examples via the prompt, avoiding retraining.', "Zero-shot prompting leverages a pre-trained model's understanding of words and concept relationships.", 'GPT-4 can perform various formatting tasks, including creating checklists and specifying the desired format.']}, {'end': 2493.694, 'segs': [{'end': 2143.562, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2116.603, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2124.286, 'text': "So what exactly are AI hallucinations? And no, they're not when your AI assistant starts seeing unicorns and rainbows.", 'start': 2116.603, 'duration': 7.683}, {'end': 2131.529, 'text': "It's actually a term that refers to the unusual outputs that AI models can produce when they misinterpret data.", 'start': 2124.906, 'duration': 6.623}, {'end': 2135.535, 'text': "A prime example of this is Google's Deep Dream.", 'start': 2132.529, 'duration': 3.006}, {'end': 2143.562, 'text': 'You know, that project that turns pictures of your dog into a nightmarish blend of dog faces and Well, more dog faces.', 'start': 2136.116, 'duration': 7.446}], 'summary': "Ai hallucinations are unusual outputs from ai models, like google's deep dream, which turns images into nightmarish blends.", 'duration': 26.959, 'max_score': 2116.603, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o2116603.jpg'}, {'end': 2199.789, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2170.362, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2173.223, 'text': 'Now, why do these hallucinations happen, you ask?', 'start': 2170.362, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 2180.147, 'text': "They're trained on a huge amount of data and they make sense of new data based on what they've seen before.", 'start': 2173.864, 'duration': 6.283}, {'end': 2185.649, 'text': "Sometimes, however, they make connections that are, let's call it, creative.", 'start': 2181.147, 'duration': 4.502}, {'end': 2189.031, 'text': 'And voila, an AI hallucination occurs.', 'start': 2186.129, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 2195.726, 'text': "Despite their funny results, AI hallucinations aren't just entertaining, they're also quite enlightening.", 'start': 2189.963, 'duration': 5.763}, {'end': 2199.789, 'text': 'They show us how our AI models interpret and understand data.', 'start': 2196.267, 'duration': 3.522}], 'summary': 'Ai hallucinations occur due to creative connections in interpreting data, revealing ai model interpretations.', 'duration': 29.427, 'max_score': 2170.362, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o2170362.jpg'}, {'end': 2272.813, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2242.456, 'weight': 0.75, 'content': [{'end': 2249.241, 'text': 'text embedding is a popular technique to represent textual information in a format that can be easily processed by algorithms,', 'start': 2242.456, 'duration': 6.785}, {'end': 2250.842, 'text': 'especially deep learning models.', 'start': 2249.241, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 2258.546, 'text': 'In the context of prompt engineering, LLM embedding refers to representing prompts in a form that the model can understand and process.', 'start': 2251.582, 'duration': 6.964}, {'end': 2265.209, 'text': 'This involves converting the text prompt into a high dimensional vector that captures its semantic information.', 'start': 2259.146, 'duration': 6.063}, {'end': 2272.813, 'text': 'So essentially, the word food is represented by this if using the create embedding API from OpenAI.', 'start': 2266.109, 'duration': 6.704}], 'summary': 'Text embedding converts prompts into high-dimensional vectors for deep learning models.', 'duration': 30.357, 'max_score': 2242.456, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o2242456.jpg'}, {'end': 2319.61, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2296.698, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2305.279, 'text': 'A computer would more likely look at the word lexicographically kind of like when you scroll through a dictionary and come back with foot,', 'start': 2296.698, 'duration': 8.581}, {'end': 2305.981, 'text': 'for example.', 'start': 2305.279, 'duration': 0.702}, {'end': 2308.282, 'text': 'This is kind of useless to us.', 'start': 2306.721, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 2313.446, 'text': "We want to capture a word's semantic meaning, so the meaning behind the word.", 'start': 2308.842, 'duration': 4.604}, {'end': 2319.61, 'text': 'Text embeddings do essentially that, thanks to the data captured in this super long array.', 'start': 2314.206, 'duration': 5.404}], 'summary': 'Text embeddings capture semantic meaning from a super long array.', 'duration': 22.912, 'max_score': 2296.698, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o2296698.jpg'}, {'end': 2479.102, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2444.077, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2448.381, 'text': 'that will give you the semantic meaning of whatever text you pass through.', 'start': 2444.077, 'duration': 4.304}, {'end': 2462.132, 'text': 'Okay?. So please have a go at playing around with this API in order to create your own text embeddings and compare them against other text embeddings in order to find similar text.', 'start': 2449.261, 'duration': 12.871}, {'end': 2463.639, 'text': "And that's it.", 'start': 2462.679, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 2469.6, 'text': 'Thank you so much for watching this course on prompt engineering, in which we covered what it is.', 'start': 2464.059, 'duration': 5.541}, {'end': 2479.102, 'text': 'We covered an introduction to AI as well as looked at linguistics, language models, prompt engineering mindset using GPT-4,', 'start': 2469.98, 'duration': 9.122}], 'summary': 'Learn about creating text embeddings, comparing them, and prompt engineering with gpt-4.', 'duration': 35.025, 'max_score': 2444.077, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o2444077.jpg'}], 'start': 2091.35, 'title': 'Ai hallucinations and text embeddings', 'summary': "Delves into ai hallucinations like google's deep dream and text embeddings, showcasing ai models' misinterpretation of data and the use of text embeddings for capturing semantic meaning in text processing.", 'chapters': [{'end': 2493.694, 'start': 2091.35, 'title': 'Understanding ai hallucinations and text embeddings', 'summary': "Discusses ai hallucinations, such as google's deep dream, and text embeddings, highlighting how ai models misinterpret data and the use of text embeddings to capture semantic meaning for text processing.", 'duration': 402.344, 'highlights': ["AI hallucinations occur when models misinterpret data, demonstrated by Google's Deep Dream turning images into unusual outputs.", 'AI models make creative connections due to being trained on a vast amount of data, offering insights into how they interpret and understand data.', 'Text embeddings are used to represent textual information in a format easily processed by algorithms, capturing semantic meaning for word similarity comparisons.', 'The text embedding API from OpenAI enables users to convert text prompts into high-dimensional vectors for semantic information capture.']}], 'duration': 402.344, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/_ZvnD73m40o/pics/_ZvnD73m40o2091350.jpg', 'highlights': ['AI models make creative connections due to vast data, offering insights into data interpretation.', 'Text embeddings capture semantic meaning for word similarity comparisons.', "AI hallucinations occur when models misinterpret data, demonstrated by Google's Deep Dream.", 'The text embedding API from OpenAI converts text prompts into high-dimensional vectors.']}], 'highlights': ['Prompt engineering professionals can earn up to 335,000 USD per year, reflecting the high demand for this career.', 'Language models learn from a vast collection of written text and become experts in conversation, grammar, and style, resembling a master linguist.', "GPT-4's few-shot prompting showcases understanding food preferences and providing relevant restaurant recommendations.", 'Creating effective prompts relies on clear instructions, persona, and avoiding leading questions', 'GPT-3 with over 175 billion parameters in 2020', 'AI models make creative connections due to vast data, offering insights into data interpretation.']}