title
Build an API Proxy Server - Hide Your API Keys, Rate Limiting & Caching

description
We will use Node.js & Express to create a server in order to hide public API keys, add rate limiting and caching 💻 Code: https://github.com/bradtraversy/node-api-proxy-server Demo App: https://traversy-weather-app.herokuapp.com Node.js API Masterclass Course: (promo code: OCTOBER2021) https://www.udemy.com/course/nodejs-api-masterclass/?referralCode=F95A0D3B9CA1DB648F55 👇 Website & Courses: https://traversymedia.com 💖 Show Support Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/traversymedia PayPal: https://paypal.me/traversymedia 👇 Follow Me On Social Media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/traversymedia Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/traversymedia Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/bradtraversy Timestamps: 0:00 - Intro 2:48 - Dependencies & scripts 4:45 - Basic Express server 6:15 - Environment variables 8:00 - Create the route 10:40 - Request from server 15:50 - Forwarding query params 19:55 - Rate limiting 22:40 - API caching 24:28 - Use server with the client app 26:50 - Deploy to Heroku 30:20 - Environment variables on Heroku

detail
{'title': 'Build an API Proxy Server - Hide Your API Keys, Rate Limiting & Caching', 'heatmap': [{'end': 1322.138, 'start': 1295.484, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': 'Learn to create an api proxy server with node.js, hiding api keys, implementing rate limiting, caching, setting up dependencies, express server, handling api requests, parsing query parameters, integrating open weather api, and deploying on heroku.', 'chapters': [{'end': 191.216, 'segs': [{'end': 31.244, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7.179, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 15.841, 'text': "What's going on, guys? In this video, I'm going to show you how we can create a basically an API proxy server or relay server using Node.js.", 'start': 7.179, 'duration': 8.662}, {'end': 23.542, 'text': 'And the main reason I want to do this is to show you how we can hide our public API keys by using our own server.', 'start': 15.881, 'duration': 7.661}, {'end': 31.244, 'text': "Because in a lot of cases, when you use a third party API like the GitHub API or Twitter, or in our case, we're going to be using open weather map.", 'start': 23.762, 'duration': 7.482}], 'summary': 'Creating api proxy server using node.js to hide public api keys and using open weather map', 'duration': 24.065, 'max_score': 7.179, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv47179.jpg'}, {'end': 97.354, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 67.352, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 68.953, 'text': "which you really don't want to do.", 'start': 67.352, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 78.241, 'text': "So there's a few ways around this, and one way is to just have your own server, your own API proxy server,", 'start': 70.174, 'duration': 8.067}, {'end': 83.925, 'text': 'which is kind of like a middleman that you can make requests to and then store your API key on the server.', 'start': 78.241, 'duration': 5.684}, {'end': 85.506, 'text': "So that's what I want to do.", 'start': 84.385, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 89.568, 'text': 'And in addition to that, I want to show you how we can add things like rate limiting,', 'start': 85.966, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 93.711, 'text': 'so people can only make a certain amount of requests per a certain amount of time.', 'start': 89.568, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 97.354, 'text': "and I'll show you how to add some caching.", 'start': 94.331, 'duration': 3.023}], 'summary': 'Setting up own api proxy server to store api keys and implement rate limiting and caching.', 'duration': 30.002, 'max_score': 67.352, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv467352.jpg'}], 'start': 7.179, 'title': 'Creating api proxy server with node.js', 'summary': 'Demonstrates creating an api proxy server using node.js to hide public api keys, implement rate limiting, and caching, while also explaining the drawbacks of including api keys directly in client-side code.', 'chapters': [{'end': 191.216, 'start': 7.179, 'title': 'Create api proxy server with node.js', 'summary': 'Demonstrates creating an api proxy server using node.js to hide public api keys, implement rate limiting, and caching, while also explaining the drawbacks of including api keys directly in client-side code.', 'duration': 184.037, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates creating an API proxy server using Node.js to hide public API keys Creating an API proxy server using Node.js to hide public API keys to prevent them from being directly included in client-side code.', 'The chapter explains the drawbacks of including API keys directly in client-side code Explains the security risks of including API keys directly in client-side code, emphasizing the need for server-side storage of API keys.', 'The chapter explains implementing rate limiting and caching in the API proxy server Demonstrates the implementation of rate limiting and caching to restrict the number of requests per time period and improve performance in the API proxy server.']}], 'duration': 184.037, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv47179.jpg', 'highlights': ['Demonstrates creating an API proxy server using Node.js to hide public API keys', 'Explains the security risks of including API keys directly in client-side code, emphasizing the need for server-side storage of API keys', 'Demonstrates the implementation of rate limiting and caching to restrict the number of requests per time period and improve performance in the API proxy server']}, {'end': 404.074, 'segs': [{'end': 264.858, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 192.216, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 201.279, 'text': "So first thing we want to do, let's open up a terminal and we just want to run NPM init dash Y, which will create a package dot JSON file.", 'start': 192.216, 'duration': 9.063}, {'end': 205.44, 'text': "And then as far as dependencies, we're going to be using quite a few right now.", 'start': 201.719, 'duration': 3.721}, {'end': 212.075, 'text': "I'm just going to install Express Let's install .env that will allow us to have environment variables.", 'start': 205.48, 'duration': 6.595}, {'end': 215.116, 'text': "That's where ultimately where we want to store our API key.", 'start': 212.115, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 223.822, 'text': "We're also going to install cores and we're going to install needle, which is an HTTP client, a very lightweight client that we can use on our server.", 'start': 215.617, 'duration': 8.205}, {'end': 228.9, 'text': 'So basically the front end will make the request to our server.', 'start': 225.478, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 234.263, 'text': "We'll use needle from our server to make the request to the public API to open weather.", 'start': 229.36, 'duration': 4.903}, {'end': 235.284, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 234.283, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 240.047, 'text': "So now that we've done that let's actually I want to install node mon too.", 'start': 235.304, 'duration': 4.743}, {'end': 245.21, 'text': "So let's do NPM install dash uppercase D because we're installing this as a dev dependency.", 'start': 240.127, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 251.388, 'text': 'and that will just allow us to run our server without having to restart it every time we make a change.', 'start': 246.024, 'duration': 5.364}, {'end': 254.85, 'text': 'And then in the package.json, you should see your dependencies.', 'start': 251.928, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 258.072, 'text': "And let's go ahead and add a start script here.", 'start': 255.651, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 264.858, 'text': "So for start, we're just gonna say node, we'll say node index.", 'start': 260.053, 'duration': 4.805}], 'summary': 'Setting up server dependencies using npm, including express, .env, cores, and needle, with nodemon for automatic server restart.', 'duration': 72.642, 'max_score': 192.216, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv4192216.jpg'}, {'end': 347.645, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 292.827, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 300.712, 'text': 'Now that we have a back end when we have a server I think Heroku is one of the easiest platforms to to deploy something like this.', 'start': 292.827, 'duration': 7.885}, {'end': 302.773, 'text': 'So we might do that at the end if we have time.', 'start': 300.772, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 309.135, 'text': "So let's Let's require express here and let's also bring in cores.", 'start': 303.413, 'duration': 5.722}, {'end': 316.46, 'text': "And then I'm going to set a port here, port number.", 'start': 312.397, 'duration': 4.063}, {'end': 321.284, 'text': "We're going to set that to process.env.port.", 'start': 317.921, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 325.107, 'text': "So basically, it's going to see if we have an environment variable called port first.", 'start': 321.304, 'duration': 3.803}, {'end': 327.569, 'text': "If we don't, then we'll use 5000.", 'start': 325.547, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 332.893, 'text': "And then let's see, we'll go ahead and set up express or initialize express.", 'start': 327.569, 'duration': 5.324}, {'end': 337.462, 'text': "And let's just going to put some comments here.", 'start': 335.041, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 338.882, 'text': "We're going to enable cores.", 'start': 337.482, 'duration': 1.4}, {'end': 342.063, 'text': 'So app.use cores.', 'start': 339.022, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 344.804, 'text': "And then let's go ahead and app.listen.", 'start': 342.744, 'duration': 2.06}, {'end': 347.645, 'text': 'We want to listen on that port.', 'start': 346.205, 'duration': 1.44}], 'summary': 'Using heroku for deployment, setting port to process.env.port or 5000', 'duration': 54.818, 'max_score': 292.827, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv4292827.jpg'}], 'start': 192.216, 'title': 'Setting up dependencies and express server for node.js', 'summary': 'Covers setting up dependencies for a node.js server like express, .env, cores, and needle, as well as setting up an express server, adding scripts in package.json, configuring the server with express and environment variables, and discussing deployment on heroku.', 'chapters': [{'end': 240.047, 'start': 192.216, 'title': 'Setting up dependencies for node.js server', 'summary': 'Covers the process of setting up dependencies for a node.js server, including installing express, .env for environment variables, cores, and needle as an http client.', 'duration': 47.831, 'highlights': ['Installing Express, .env, cores, and needle for setting up environment variables and an HTTP client for the Node.js server.', 'Using NPM init -Y to create a package.json file for the Node.js project.', 'Installing node mon for automatic server restart during development for improved workflow.']}, {'end': 404.074, 'start': 240.127, 'title': 'Setting up express server and deployment', 'summary': 'Covers setting up an express server, including installing dependencies, adding start and dev scripts in package.json, setting up the server with express and environment variables, and discussing deployment on heroku.', 'duration': 163.947, 'highlights': ['Setting up an Express server with Node.js and npm, including installing dependencies like nodemon and dotenv.', 'Adding start and dev scripts in the package.json file to run the server and enable live reloading.', 'Configuring the server to listen on a specified port, handling environment variables, and using console.log for server status.', 'Discussing the deployment of the Express server on Heroku as an accessible platform for deployment.']}], 'duration': 211.858, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv4192216.jpg', 'highlights': ['Installing Express, .env, cores, and needle for setting up environment variables and an HTTP client for the Node.js server.', 'Setting up an Express server with Node.js and npm, including installing dependencies like nodemon and dotenv.', 'Adding start and dev scripts in the package.json file to run the server and enable live reloading.', 'Installing node mon for automatic server restart during development for improved workflow.', 'Configuring the server to listen on a specified port, handling environment variables, and using console.log for server status.', 'Using NPM init -Y to create a package.json file for the Node.js project.', 'Discussing the deployment of the Express server on Heroku as an accessible platform for deployment.']}, {'end': 837.668, 'segs': [{'end': 438.933, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 405.237, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 408.279, 'text': "And the way that I'm going to do this, I'm going to store a couple of things here.", 'start': 405.237, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 410.9, 'text': 'First is going to be the API base URL.', 'start': 408.339, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 419.905, 'text': "Now I'm creating this in a way that is sort of reusable so you can use it with other public APIs and not just open weather map.", 'start': 411.44, 'duration': 8.465}, {'end': 426.669, 'text': "So I'm going to do things a little bit different than if it was just for this API.", 'start': 421.106, 'duration': 5.563}, {'end': 429.37, 'text': "So let's put actually I'll just grab this.", 'start': 427.269, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 430.311, 'text': "It's going to be.", 'start': 429.71, 'duration': 0.601}, {'end': 438.933, 'text': "Let's see, it's going to be this right here, right before the Q param here.", 'start': 432.569, 'duration': 6.364}], 'summary': 'Creating reusable api base url for multiple public apis.', 'duration': 33.696, 'max_score': 405.237, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv4405237.jpg'}, {'end': 582.95, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 553.598, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 555.519, 'text': "So I'm just going to call this index JS.", 'start': 553.598, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 559.88, 'text': 'And then to use the router, we need to bring in express.', 'start': 556.539, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 562.561, 'text': "So let's require.", 'start': 561.321, 'duration': 1.24}, {'end': 573.765, 'text': "Express and then let's say const router, set that to express dot and we want to do a capital R router.", 'start': 563.681, 'duration': 10.084}, {'end': 579.688, 'text': "And then before I forget, let's module dot exports because we want to use this in another file.", 'start': 574.806, 'duration': 4.882}, {'end': 582.95, 'text': "And then as far as the route, we're only going to need one.", 'start': 580.408, 'duration': 2.542}], 'summary': 'Creating an index.js file with an express router for a single route.', 'duration': 29.352, 'max_score': 553.598, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv4553598.jpg'}, {'end': 697.202, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 667.331, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 670.112, 'text': "Now, let's see what I want to do next.", 'start': 667.331, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 674.293, 'text': "Yeah, let's get rid of this.", 'start': 671.472, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 681.349, 'text': "And let's make our request now that we're going to use a sync away because needle does return a promise.", 'start': 676.165, 'duration': 5.184}, {'end': 683.871, 'text': 'So we want to make this function async.', 'start': 681.77, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 687.974, 'text': "And then let's say const API response.", 'start': 684.912, 'duration': 3.062}, {'end': 691.597, 'text': "Don't call it res because it'll get tricked up because of this.", 'start': 688.295, 'duration': 3.302}, {'end': 697.202, 'text': "So API res and that's going to equal needle or I'm sorry a weight needle.", 'start': 692.238, 'duration': 4.964}], 'summary': 'Convert function to async, use needle to return a promise.', 'duration': 29.871, 'max_score': 667.331, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv4667331.jpg'}, {'end': 756.938, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 724.89, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 745.782, 'text': 'API base URL we might as well bring in the other two that we need which is API key name API key name API key value value.', 'start': 724.89, 'duration': 20.892}, {'end': 747.475, 'text': 'And process dot ENV.', 'start': 746.195, 'duration': 1.28}, {'end': 749.956, 'text': 'This is just how we get our environment variables.', 'start': 747.515, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 755.878, 'text': 'OK And when you when you add environment variables or you change them you do have to restart the server.', 'start': 749.976, 'duration': 5.902}, {'end': 756.938, 'text': "So I don't think I did that.", 'start': 755.918, 'duration': 1.02}], 'summary': 'Configuring api base url and environment variables for server setup.', 'duration': 32.048, 'max_score': 724.89, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv4724890.jpg'}, {'end': 837.668, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 809.605, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 816.75, 'text': "So let's just add a try catch here and then we'll take this and put this into the try.", 'start': 809.605, 'duration': 7.145}, {'end': 826.208, 'text': "And then if something goes wrong, then let's do a res.status 500, which is an internal error, server error.", 'start': 818.294, 'duration': 7.914}, {'end': 830.375, 'text': "And then let's do JSON and just put in whatever the error is.", 'start': 826.689, 'duration': 3.686}, {'end': 834.225, 'text': 'And we can add a custom error handler later if we have time.', 'start': 831.243, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 836.687, 'text': "So let's just save that and let's see what we get.", 'start': 834.866, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 837.668, 'text': "So we'll go over here.", 'start': 836.807, 'duration': 0.861}], 'summary': 'Code includes try-catch for error handling, with status 500 on failure.', 'duration': 28.063, 'max_score': 809.605, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv4809605.jpg'}], 'start': 405.237, 'title': 'Setting up api requests and handling responses', 'summary': "Covers setting up a reusable api base url and key, creating routes using express, organizing routes in a separate file, and ensuring successful api response and integration with postman. it also discusses setting up an api request using the 'needle' package, defining environment variables, making requests to api endpoints, and handling responses with a focus on async/await and error handling.", 'chapters': [{'end': 638.504, 'start': 405.237, 'title': 'Setting up reusable api base url and key', 'summary': 'Discusses setting up a reusable api base url and key, creating routes using express, and organizing routes in a separate file, ensuring the success of the api response and integration with postman.', 'duration': 233.267, 'highlights': ['Setting reusable API base URL and key The speaker explains how to set up a reusable API base URL and key, allowing for use with other public APIs, not just open weather map.', 'Creating routes using Express The chapter demonstrates the creation of routes using Express, emphasizing the importance of understanding Express and routes, directing the request to /API, and handling the response.', 'Organizing routes in a separate file The speaker discusses the organization of routes in a separate file named index.js, utilizing the router, and ensuring the successful integration of the routes with the application.']}, {'end': 837.668, 'start': 638.524, 'title': 'Setting up api request with needle', 'summary': "Discusses setting up an api request using the 'needle' package in a node.js environment, including defining environment variables, making a request to an api endpoint, and handling responses, with emphasis on the use of async/await and error handling.", 'duration': 199.144, 'highlights': ['Setting up environment variables for API base URL, API key name, and API key value The chapter discusses setting environment variables for API base URL, API key name, and API key value, emphasizing the use of process.env to access environment variables in a Node.js environment.', "Making an API request using the 'needle' package The chapter highlights the use of the 'needle' package to make an API request, including the usage of async/await to handle promises and defining the URL based on the environment variables.", 'Implementing error handling with try/catch for API request The chapter emphasizes the implementation of error handling using try/catch for the API request, including setting the response status to 500 for internal server errors and returning the error details as JSON.']}], 'duration': 432.431, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv4405237.jpg', 'highlights': ['Creating routes using Express The chapter demonstrates the creation of routes using Express, emphasizing the importance of understanding Express and routes, directing the request to /API, and handling the response.', 'Setting up environment variables for API base URL, API key name, and API key value The chapter discusses setting environment variables for API base URL, API key name, and API key value, emphasizing the use of process.env to access environment variables in a Node.js environment.', 'Organizing routes in a separate file The speaker discusses the organization of routes in a separate file named index.js, utilizing the router, and ensuring the successful integration of the routes with the application.', "Making an API request using the 'needle' package The chapter highlights the use of the 'needle' package to make an API request, including the usage of async/await to handle promises and defining the URL based on the environment variables.", 'Setting reusable API base URL and key The speaker explains how to set up a reusable API base URL and key, allowing for use with other public APIs, not just open weather map.', 'Implementing error handling with try/catch for API request The chapter emphasizes the implementation of error handling using try/catch for the API request, including setting the response status to 500 for internal server errors and returning the error details as JSON.']}, {'end': 1068.97, 'segs': [{'end': 868.486, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 837.788, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 839.469, 'text': 'We just want to hit that route again.', 'start': 837.788, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 847.075, 'text': 'And what we get is to be expected, we get a 401, which is unauthorized and we get invalid API key.', 'start': 839.489, 'duration': 7.586}, {'end': 854.14, 'text': "The reason for that is we didn't include any API key on the we're just making a request directly to the URL.", 'start': 847.475, 'duration': 6.665}, {'end': 857.962, 'text': 'So we have the API key value here.', 'start': 855.021, 'duration': 2.941}, {'end': 858.983, 'text': 'We also have the name.', 'start': 858.002, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 861.864, 'text': 'So we want to attach those as query params.', 'start': 859.283, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 864.685, 'text': 'Now, we could do that just manually like this.', 'start': 861.904, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 868.486, 'text': 'You know, we could have whatever app ID equals, blah, blah, blah.', 'start': 865.065, 'duration': 3.421}], 'summary': 'Received a 401 error due to missing api key in the request. need to attach api key and name as query params.', 'duration': 30.698, 'max_score': 837.788, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv4837788.jpg'}, {'end': 997.41, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 967.529, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 969.049, 'text': "So there's a few ways to do that.", 'start': 967.529, 'duration': 1.52}, {'end': 972.652, 'text': "What I'm going to do is bring in up here, let's say const URL.", 'start': 969.109, 'duration': 3.543}, {'end': 976.914, 'text': "So we're going to require the URL module, which is part of node.", 'start': 973.212, 'duration': 3.702}, {'end': 978.575, 'text': "So we don't have to install it or anything.", 'start': 976.954, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 984.693, 'text': "And then let's see I'm just going to console log just so you can see what this does.", 'start': 979.306, 'duration': 5.387}, {'end': 995.807, 'text': "Let's do a console log of URL dot parse and we can get the URL with request dot URL and that is a URL.", 'start': 985.414, 'duration': 10.393}, {'end': 997.41, 'text': 'Yeah And then true.', 'start': 995.847, 'duration': 1.563}], 'summary': "Using node's url module to parse and log a url", 'duration': 29.881, 'max_score': 967.529, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv4967529.jpg'}, {'end': 1080.281, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1052.343, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1057.304, 'text': 'But what I want to do is cut that and I want to add it to my URL params here.', 'start': 1052.343, 'duration': 4.961}, {'end': 1059.305, 'text': "But I don't want to just add it like that.", 'start': 1057.665, 'duration': 1.64}, {'end': 1061.626, 'text': 'I want to spread across the values.', 'start': 1059.385, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 1063.806, 'text': "So I'm going to add the spread operator in front of it.", 'start': 1061.686, 'duration': 2.12}, {'end': 1065.827, 'text': 'OK So now.', 'start': 1064.947, 'duration': 0.88}, {'end': 1068.97, 'text': 'What should get added on to the URL to the.', 'start': 1066.448, 'duration': 2.522}, {'end': 1080.281, 'text': 'you know the API URL open weather is the API key with the key name, which is app ID, and also anything I pass in, including the Q equals,', 'start': 1068.97, 'duration': 11.311}], 'summary': 'Adding spread operator to url params to include api key and other values.', 'duration': 27.938, 'max_score': 1052.343, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv41052343.jpg'}], 'start': 837.788, 'title': 'Adding and parsing query parameters', 'summary': 'Covers adding an api key as query parameters to resolve a 401 unauthorized error, and demonstrates using the url module in node.js to parse and forward query parameters, resulting in successful requests and showcasing code reusability.', 'chapters': [{'end': 966.908, 'start': 837.788, 'title': 'Adding api key as query params', 'summary': 'Discusses the process of adding an api key as query parameters to a url to resolve a 401 unauthorized error, and explains the usage of url search params to attach the api key, resulting in a successful request.', 'duration': 129.12, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the process of adding an API key as query parameters to a URL to resolve a 401 unauthorized error.', 'It explains the usage of URL search params to attach the API key, resulting in a successful request.', 'The transcript explains the need to include the API key as a query parameter and demonstrates the usage of URL search params.', 'It highlights the concept of using URL search params to attach the API key, which resolves the 401 unauthorized error and allows successful requests.']}, {'end': 1068.97, 'start': 967.529, 'title': 'Node url module and query parameters', 'summary': 'Discusses using the url module in node.js to parse and manipulate query parameters, demonstrating the process of forwarding query parameters to a public api and logging the results, showcasing the reusable nature of the code.', 'duration': 101.441, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses using the URL module in Node.js to parse and manipulate query parameters, showcasing the process of forwarding query parameters to a public API and logging the results.', 'Demonstrates the use of the spread operator to add query parameters to the URL, highlighting the reusable nature of the code.', "Provides examples of adding and manipulating query parameters, such as adding 'Q=Boston' and 'hello=world', showcasing the dynamic nature of the process.", 'Explains the use of the URL module in Node.js to require the URL module without the need for installation, enhancing the efficiency and simplicity of the process.']}], 'duration': 231.182, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv4837788.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the process of adding an API key as query parameters to a URL to resolve a 401 unauthorized error.', 'The chapter discusses using the URL module in Node.js to parse and manipulate query parameters, showcasing the process of forwarding query parameters to a public API and logging the results.', 'It explains the usage of URL search params to attach the API key, resulting in a successful request.', 'Demonstrates the use of the spread operator to add query parameters to the URL, highlighting the reusable nature of the code.']}, {'end': 1457.038, 'segs': [{'end': 1124.595, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1068.97, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1080.281, 'text': 'you know the API URL open weather is the API key with the key name, which is app ID, and also anything I pass in, including the Q equals,', 'start': 1068.97, 'duration': 11.311}, {'end': 1081.001, 'text': 'whatever city.', 'start': 1080.281, 'duration': 0.72}, {'end': 1089.009, 'text': "So now let's save that and let's make this request again with this Q equals Boston and now we get the weather.", 'start': 1081.522, 'duration': 7.487}, {'end': 1099.104, 'text': "OK so we're hitting our own servers endpoint and then it's basically forwarding to the open weather API.", 'start': 1090.31, 'duration': 8.794}, {'end': 1103.11, 'text': "We're getting that response back and we're returning that data back from our server.", 'start': 1099.144, 'duration': 3.966}, {'end': 1113.833, 'text': "And in fact you know what we could do is in development mode we could log down here the actual requests that's being made to our public API.", 'start': 1104.17, 'duration': 9.663}, {'end': 1124.595, 'text': "So let's let's just say if and we'll do process dot ENV and we want to check to see if we're want to see if we're not in production.", 'start': 1113.873, 'duration': 10.722}], 'summary': 'Using openweather api to retrieve weather data for different cities and logging requests in development mode.', 'duration': 55.625, 'max_score': 1068.97, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv41068970.jpg'}, {'end': 1213.349, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1188.203, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1193.468, 'text': 'We could just go ahead and use our custom endpoint here in our front end.', 'start': 1188.203, 'duration': 5.265}, {'end': 1195.41, 'text': 'But I do want to show you a couple other things.', 'start': 1193.548, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 1197.572, 'text': 'So the first is going to be rate limiting.', 'start': 1195.87, 'duration': 1.702}, {'end': 1205.019, 'text': "So let's stop the server for a second and just install something called Express Dash Rate Dash Limit.", 'start': 1198.152, 'duration': 6.867}, {'end': 1208.122, 'text': "I'm also going to install something called API Cache.", 'start': 1205.459, 'duration': 2.663}, {'end': 1213.349, 'text': "And then we'll go ahead and run the server again.", 'start': 1211.107, 'duration': 2.242}], 'summary': 'Implementing rate limiting and api caching for custom endpoint in front end.', 'duration': 25.146, 'max_score': 1188.203, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv41188203.jpg'}, {'end': 1322.138, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1295.484, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1300.326, 'text': 'Now we just need to add the middleware with app dot use pass in limiter.', 'start': 1295.484, 'duration': 4.842}, {'end': 1303.348, 'text': 'And then we are using this as a proxy.', 'start': 1301.307, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 1310.252, 'text': "So let's do app dot set and we just want to set trust proxy to one.", 'start': 1303.428, 'duration': 6.824}, {'end': 1314.154, 'text': 'OK, now this should give us limiting now.', 'start': 1310.272, 'duration': 3.882}, {'end': 1315.134, 'text': "So let's try it out.", 'start': 1314.214, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 1315.694, 'text': "So I'm over here.", 'start': 1315.174, 'duration': 0.52}, {'end': 1316.655, 'text': "I'm going to make a request.", 'start': 1315.714, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 1322.138, 'text': "That's one time, two times, three times, four, five and now six.", 'start': 1316.695, 'duration': 5.443}], 'summary': 'Added middleware to limit requests to 6 per user.', 'duration': 26.654, 'max_score': 1295.484, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv41295484.jpg'}, {'end': 1439.929, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1410.293, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1411.334, 'text': "Let's say two minutes.", 'start': 1410.293, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 1415.976, 'text': "So it's going to cache the response to this route for two minutes.", 'start': 1411.654, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 1417.137, 'text': 'Should be minutes.', 'start': 1416.456, 'duration': 0.681}, {'end': 1424.635, 'text': 'All right, so now if we go over here and we make our requests, we get our data back.', 'start': 1419.11, 'duration': 5.525}, {'end': 1426.196, 'text': "But let's take a look at the headers.", 'start': 1424.835, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 1428.799, 'text': "And you'll notice now we have this cache control.", 'start': 1426.617, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 1431.121, 'text': 'It says max age 120.', 'start': 1429.239, 'duration': 1.882}, {'end': 1433.943, 'text': 'So at the time of making this, that was our first request.', 'start': 1431.121, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 1437.627, 'text': "So we have 120 seconds, which is two minutes, because that's what we set here.", 'start': 1433.963, 'duration': 3.664}, {'end': 1439.929, 'text': 'So if I send again, now 104.', 'start': 1438.187, 'duration': 1.742}], 'summary': "The route caches responses for 2 minutes, as indicated by 'max age 120' in the headers.", 'duration': 29.636, 'max_score': 1410.293, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv41410293.jpg'}], 'start': 1068.97, 'title': 'Integrating open weather api and implementing rate limiting and api caching in node.js', 'summary': 'Discusses integrating the open weather api into a server, making requests for weather data, and logging requests to the public api. it also covers implementing rate limiting with a maximum of 100 requests in 10 minutes and api caching for a duration of 2 minutes to optimize endpoint performance in node.js.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1187.723, 'start': 1068.97, 'title': 'Open weather api integration', 'summary': "Discusses integrating the open weather api into a server, using the api url and key name 'app id', making requests for weather data based on city names, and logging requests to the public api during development mode.", 'duration': 118.753, 'highlights': ["The chapter explains the process of making requests to the Open Weather API using the API URL and key name 'app ID', and demonstrates making requests for weather data based on city names like Boston.", "It discusses logging the requests to the public API during development mode using console log and template strings, providing visibility into the actual requests being made to the server's public API."]}, {'end': 1457.038, 'start': 1188.203, 'title': 'Rate limiting and api caching in node.js', 'summary': 'Covers implementing rate limiting with a maximum of 100 requests in 10 minutes and api caching for a duration of 2 minutes, preventing spamming and optimizing endpoint performance in node.js.', 'duration': 268.835, 'highlights': ['Implementing rate limiting with a maximum of 100 requests in 10 minutes The chapter discusses implementing rate limiting with a set maximum of 100 requests in 10 minutes using Express Dash Rate Dash Limit, preventing spamming of the endpoint.', 'API caching for a duration of 2 minutes The transcript explains the implementation of API caching for a duration of 2 minutes using the API Cache package, optimizing endpoint performance by caching the response for a specific duration.']}], 'duration': 388.068, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv41068970.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses implementing rate limiting with a maximum of 100 requests in 10 minutes using Express Dash Rate Dash Limit, preventing spamming of the endpoint.', "The chapter explains the process of making requests to the Open Weather API using the API URL and key name 'app ID', and demonstrates making requests for weather data based on city names like Boston.", "It discusses logging the requests to the public API during development mode using console log and template strings, providing visibility into the actual requests being made to the server's public API.", 'The transcript explains the implementation of API caching for a duration of 2 minutes using the API Cache package, optimizing endpoint performance by caching the response for a specific duration.']}, {'end': 1938.642, 'segs': [{'end': 1502.389, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1476.311, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1482.017, 'text': "So with Express, we can make a certain folder, our static folder, which I'm going to set the public one to.", 'start': 1476.311, 'duration': 5.706}, {'end': 1483.679, 'text': "So let's go.", 'start': 1482.637, 'duration': 1.042}, {'end': 1489.484, 'text': "We'll go right above the routes here and let's say set static folder.", 'start': 1485.36, 'duration': 4.124}, {'end': 1492.926, 'text': 'And to do that, we can just do app dot use.', 'start': 1490.505, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 1502.389, 'text': "And here we want to say we want to do express dot static and we're going to make the folder name public our static folder.", 'start': 1493.746, 'duration': 8.643}], 'summary': "Using express, set 'public' folder as static folder for routes.", 'duration': 26.078, 'max_score': 1476.311, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv41476311.jpg'}, {'end': 1702.396, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1588.155, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1595.86, 'text': "We're just we're we're interacting with our own server and there's the API key is stored on the server side.", 'start': 1588.155, 'duration': 7.705}, {'end': 1597.161, 'text': "It's not on the client.", 'start': 1595.92, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 1600.163, 'text': "So someone can't come along and steal our API key.", 'start': 1597.241, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 1601.384, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 1601.124, 'duration': 0.26}, {'end': 1604.805, 'text': 'And you can do this for working with any public API.', 'start': 1601.584, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 1605.966, 'text': "It's not just open weather.", 'start': 1604.845, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 1612.008, 'text': "And I tried to make this so it's kind of a boilerplate that you could use with other other projects as well.", 'start': 1606.006, 'duration': 6.002}, {'end': 1615.009, 'text': "So I think the next thing we'll do is actually deploy this.", 'start': 1612.448, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 1620.671, 'text': "So to get ready for deployment, let's go ahead and create a dot get ignore.", 'start': 1615.689, 'duration': 4.982}, {'end': 1623.752, 'text': "And we're going to use Heroku.", 'start': 1622.092, 'duration': 1.66}, {'end': 1625.153, 'text': "Let's get not got.", 'start': 1623.892, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 1630.006, 'text': "going to use heroku to deploy and we're going to use git to do that.", 'start': 1626.664, 'duration': 3.342}, {'end': 1635.508, 'text': "so we don't want to add the dot env file right because that has our api keys in it.", 'start': 1630.006, 'duration': 5.502}, {'end': 1638.249, 'text': 'we want to keep that out of our repository.', 'start': 1635.508, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 1652.18, 'text': "we also don't want node modules, so we're going to add those and then i'm just going to create a env.example just for my GitHub repo on GitHub,", 'start': 1638.249, 'duration': 13.931}, {'end': 1656.501, 'text': 'so that people know what they need to put in here.', 'start': 1652.18, 'duration': 4.321}, {'end': 1661.142, 'text': "So I'm going to copy this, put that in there, and then just keep these blank.", 'start': 1656.521, 'duration': 4.621}, {'end': 1666.004, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 1665.724, 'duration': 0.28}, {'end': 1668.785, 'text': 'So we can close all this up.', 'start': 1667.364, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 1672.746, 'text': "Next thing we want to do is let's go to Heroku.", 'start': 1669.505, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 1678.682, 'text': "And you just if you don't have an account, just go ahead and create one.", 'start': 1676.101, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 1682.703, 'text': "We'll do that later.", 'start': 1678.702, 'duration': 4.001}, {'end': 1685.344, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 1682.723, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 1687.285, 'text': 'So all your projects will show here.', 'start': 1685.444, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 1689.566, 'text': "If you don't have any, obviously you won't see any.", 'start': 1687.765, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 1691.787, 'text': 'And you want to install the Heroku CLI.', 'start': 1690.266, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 1697.732, 'text': 'which I already have installed.', 'start': 1696.351, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 1702.396, 'text': "but you can see right here if you're on Mac, you can use homebrew windows, you can install it.", 'start': 1697.732, 'duration': 4.664}], 'summary': 'Api key stored on server to prevent theft. deploying with heroku and git.', 'duration': 114.241, 'max_score': 1588.155, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv41588155.jpg'}, {'end': 1855.562, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1823.06, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1825.762, 'text': 'remember, we store on our development side.', 'start': 1823.06, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 1829.544, 'text': "we stored those in our dot E and V which we didn't push.", 'start': 1825.762, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 1832.506, 'text': 'we put those in the get, ignore, so the way that we can add.', 'start': 1829.544, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 1836.154, 'text': 'environment variables in Heroku onto the server is,', 'start': 1833.553, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 1845.298, 'text': 'by going to settings and go down here we can say reveal config bars and we just want to add those three to this, so we can just grab.', 'start': 1836.154, 'duration': 9.144}, {'end': 1855.562, 'text': "That so this is going to be API base URL right API base URL and let's paste that in.", 'start': 1845.318, 'duration': 10.244}], 'summary': 'Storing environment variables in heroku by revealing config vars and adding api base url.', 'duration': 32.502, 'max_score': 1823.06, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv41823060.jpg'}, {'end': 1938.642, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1927.836, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 1934.34, 'text': "So that's how you can hide keys and you could add things like rate limiting and caching and there's other things you could do as well.", 'start': 1927.836, 'duration': 6.504}, {'end': 1935.36, 'text': "So that's it.", 'start': 1934.78, 'duration': 0.58}, {'end': 1938.642, 'text': 'I hope you guys learned something from this and I will see you next time.', 'start': 1935.44, 'duration': 3.202}], 'summary': 'Tips on hiding keys, implementing rate limiting, caching, and more.', 'duration': 10.806, 'max_score': 1927.836, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv41927836.jpg'}], 'start': 1457.478, 'title': 'Deploying node application with heroku', 'summary': 'Explains deploying a node.js application using heroku, covering the process, creating a .gitignore file, setting up environment variables, installing and using the heroku cli, and creating a heroku application.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1612.008, 'start': 1457.478, 'title': 'Setting up express static folder', 'summary': 'Explains how to set up a static folder using express, make requests to the server-side api, and secure the api key, providing a versatile approach for working with public apis.', 'duration': 154.53, 'highlights': ['Explaining how to set up a static folder using Express for client-side application, enabling the loading of index HTML at localhost 5000. Demonstrates the process of setting the public folder as the static folder in Express, allowing the loading of index HTML at localhost 5000.', 'Guiding on making requests to the server-side API and securing the API key on the server side to prevent unauthorized access. Emphasizes the importance of making requests to the server-side API and storing the API key on the server side to prevent unauthorized access.', 'Providing a versatile approach for working with public APIs, ensuring the security of the API key and enabling the usage of the boilerplate for other projects. Emphasizes the versatility of the approach for working with public APIs and ensuring the security of the API key, making it suitable for other projects as well.']}, {'end': 1763.372, 'start': 1612.448, 'title': 'Deploying node application with heroku', 'summary': 'Covers the process of deploying a node.js application using heroku, including creating a .gitignore file, setting up environment variables, installing and using the heroku cli, and creating a heroku application.', 'duration': 150.924, 'highlights': ['To deploy the Node.js application using Heroku, the process involves creating a .gitignore file to exclude sensitive information like API keys, adding an env.example file for GitHub repository, and installing and using the Heroku CLI.', 'Setting up environment variables and creating an env.example file for the GitHub repository is essential to guide users on what they need to include.', 'Installing the Heroku CLI is part of the deployment process, with instructions for installation provided for different operating systems such as Mac, Windows, and Ubuntu.']}, {'end': 1938.642, 'start': 1763.412, 'title': 'Deploying app to heroku and setting environment variables', 'summary': 'Outlines the process of deploying an app to heroku, setting up environment variables, and accessing an api, ensuring that sensitive information is secured and demonstrating the functioning of the live application with key takeaways on adding environment variables and accessing apis.', 'duration': 175.23, 'highlights': ['The process of deploying an app to Heroku and setting up environment variables is described, ensuring the security of sensitive information and demonstrating the functioning of the live application.', 'The addition of environment variables in Heroku to the server, including API base URL and API key name and value, is outlined, ensuring that the API key is stored on the server and not accessible to the client.', 'The functioning of the live application is demonstrated, showcasing the retrieval of weather data for different cities and the secure access of the API key stored on the server.', 'The method of hiding keys, as well as the potential addition of features such as rate limiting and caching, is briefly mentioned as a means of enhancing security and functionality in the deployed application.']}], 'duration': 481.164, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ZGymN8aFsv4/pics/ZGymN8aFsv41457478.jpg', 'highlights': ['Explaining how to set up a static folder using Express for client-side application, enabling the loading of index HTML at localhost 5000.', 'Guiding on making requests to the server-side API and securing the API key on the server side to prevent unauthorized access.', 'Providing a versatile approach for working with public APIs, ensuring the security of the API key and enabling the usage of the boilerplate for other projects.', 'To deploy the Node.js application using Heroku, the process involves creating a .gitignore file to exclude sensitive information like API keys, adding an env.example file for GitHub repository, and installing and using the Heroku CLI.', 'Setting up environment variables and creating an env.example file for the GitHub repository is essential to guide users on what they need to include.', 'Installing the Heroku CLI is part of the deployment process, with instructions for installation provided for different operating systems such as Mac, Windows, and Ubuntu.', 'The process of deploying an app to Heroku and setting up environment variables is described, ensuring the security of sensitive information and demonstrating the functioning of the live application.', 'The addition of environment variables in Heroku to the server, including API base URL and API key name and value, is outlined, ensuring that the API key is stored on the server and not accessible to the client.', 'The functioning of the live application is demonstrated, showcasing the retrieval of weather data for different cities and the secure access of the API key stored on the server.', 'The method of hiding keys, as well as the potential addition of features such as rate limiting and caching, is briefly mentioned as a means of enhancing security and functionality in the deployed application.']}], 'highlights': ['Demonstrates creating an API proxy server using Node.js to hide public API keys', 'Explains the security risks of including API keys directly in client-side code, emphasizing the need for server-side storage of API keys', 'Demonstrates the implementation of rate limiting and caching to restrict the number of requests per time period and improve performance in the API proxy server', 'Installing Express, .env, cores, and needle for setting up environment variables and an HTTP client for the Node.js server', 'Setting up an Express server with Node.js and npm, including installing dependencies like nodemon and dotenv', 'Adding start and dev scripts in the package.json file to run the server and enable live reloading', 'Installing node mon for automatic server restart during development for improved workflow', 'Configuring the server to listen on a specified port, handling environment variables, and using console.log for server status', 'Using NPM init -Y to create a package.json file for the Node.js project', 'Discussing the deployment of the Express server on Heroku as an accessible platform for deployment', 'Creating routes using Express The chapter demonstrates the creation of routes using Express, emphasizing the importance of understanding Express and routes, directing the request to /API, and handling the response', 'Setting up environment variables for API base URL, API key name, and API key value The chapter discusses setting environment variables for API base URL, API key name, and API key value, emphasizing the use of process.env to access environment variables in a Node.js environment', 'Organizing routes in a separate file The speaker discusses the organization of routes in a separate file named index.js, utilizing the router, and ensuring the successful integration of the routes with the application', "Making an API request using the 'needle' package The chapter highlights the use of the 'needle' package to make an API request, including the usage of async/await to handle promises and defining the URL based on the environment variables", 'Setting reusable API base URL and key The speaker explains how to set up a reusable API base URL and key, allowing for use with other public APIs, not just open weather map', 'Implementing error handling with try/catch for API request The chapter emphasizes the implementation of error handling using try/catch for the API request, including setting the response status to 500 for internal server errors and returning the error details as JSON', 'The chapter discusses the process of adding an API key as query parameters to a URL to resolve a 401 unauthorized error', 'The chapter discusses using the URL module in Node.js to parse and manipulate query parameters, showcasing the process of forwarding query parameters to a public API and logging the results', 'It explains the usage of URL search params to attach the API key, resulting in a successful request', 'Demonstrates the use of the spread operator to add query parameters to the URL, highlighting the reusable nature of the code', 'The chapter discusses implementing rate limiting with a maximum of 100 requests in 10 minutes using Express Dash Rate Dash Limit, preventing spamming of the endpoint', "The chapter explains the process of making requests to the Open Weather API using the API URL and key name 'app ID', and demonstrates making requests for weather data based on city names like Boston", "It discusses logging the requests to the public API during development mode using console log and template strings, providing visibility into the actual requests being made to the server's public API", 'The transcript explains the implementation of API caching for a duration of 2 minutes using the API Cache package, optimizing endpoint performance by caching the response for a specific duration', 'Explaining how to set up a static folder using Express for client-side application, enabling the loading of index HTML at localhost 5000', 'Guiding on making requests to the server-side API and securing the API key on the server side to prevent unauthorized access', 'Providing a versatile approach for working with public APIs, ensuring the security of the API key and enabling the usage of the boilerplate for other projects', 'To deploy the Node.js application using Heroku, the process involves creating a .gitignore file to exclude sensitive information like API keys, adding an env.example file for GitHub repository, and installing and using the Heroku CLI', 'Setting up environment variables and creating an env.example file for the GitHub repository is essential to guide users on what they need to include', 'Installing the Heroku CLI is part of the deployment process, with instructions for installation provided for different operating systems such as Mac, Windows, and Ubuntu', 'The process of deploying an app to Heroku and setting up environment variables is described, ensuring the security of sensitive information and demonstrating the functioning of the live application', 'The addition of environment variables in Heroku to the server, including API base URL and API key name and value, is outlined, ensuring that the API key is stored on the server and not accessible to the client', 'The functioning of the live application is demonstrated, showcasing the retrieval of weather data for different cities and the secure access of the API key stored on the server', 'The method of hiding keys, as well as the potential addition of features such as rate limiting and caching, is briefly mentioned as a means of enhancing security and functionality in the deployed application']}