title
Glenn Loury: Race, Racism, Identity Politics, and Cancel Culture | Lex Fridman Podcast #285

description
Glenn Loury is a professor of economics and social sciences at Brown University, and a prominent podcaster and social critic who speaks and writes about race, inequality, and social policy. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Lambda: https://lambdalabs.com/lex - LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack - Coinbase: https://coinbase.com/lex to get $10 in free Bitcoin - ROKA: https://roka.com/ and use code LEX to get 20% off your first order - MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off EPISODE LINKS: Glenn's Twitter: https://twitter.com/GlennLoury Glenn's Substack: https://glennloury.substack.com Glenn's YouTube: https://youtube.com/c/GlennLouryShow The Anatomy of Racial Inequality (book): https://amzn.to/3N7jmz0 Race, Incarceration, and American Values (book): https://amzn.to/398ywpk PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 1:10 - Martin Luther King Jr. 9:58 - History of slavery 24:36 - Equality of outcome 40:59 - Math and economics 57:15 - Racial groups 1:10:31 - Black patriotism 1:20:24 - MLK and Malcolm X 1:34:04 - Joe Rogan controversy 1:53:21 - Accusation of racism 2:01:05 - Elon Musk and Twitter 2:06:39 - Universities 2:15:16 - Cognitive inequality 2:27:42 - Politics 2:47:08 - Ketanji Brown Jackson 2:53:11 - Thomas Sowell 2:58:26 - Barack Obama 3:17:03 - Mortality 3:29:17 - Meaning of life SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Glenn Loury: Race, Racism, Identity Politics, and Cancel Culture | Lex Fridman Podcast #285', 'heatmap': [{'end': 6372.591, 'start': 6239.758, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': "Glenn loury discusses critiques of affirmative action, martin luther king jr.'s 'i have a dream' speech, challenges in achieving equality, the interconnection between mathematics and economics, malcolm x's influence, impact of false racism claims, threats to universities' freedom of inquiry, limitations of measuring intelligence, significance of market influence, tom sowell's achievements, and reflections on life and mortality.", 'chapters': [{'end': 45.084, 'segs': [{'end': 45.084, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.089, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2.271, 'text': 'I hate affirmative action.', 'start': 0.089, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 3.452, 'text': "I don't just disagree with it.", 'start': 2.371, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 6.094, 'text': "I don't just think it's against the 14th Amendment.", 'start': 3.492, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 6.994, 'text': 'I hate it.', 'start': 6.434, 'duration': 0.56}, {'end': 10.997, 'text': 'The hatred comes from an understanding that it is a band-aid,', 'start': 7.915, 'duration': 3.082}, {'end': 15.941, 'text': 'that it is a substitute for the actual development of the capacities of our people to compete.', 'start': 10.997, 'duration': 4.944}, {'end': 19.123, 'text': 'They want to tell African Americans, pat us on the head.', 'start': 16.561, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 21.865, 'text': "We're going to have a separate program for you.", 'start': 20.344, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 24.487, 'text': "We're going to give you a side door that you can come into.", 'start': 22.226, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 26.309, 'text': "That doesn't make us any smarter.", 'start': 25.028, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 28.831, 'text': "It doesn't make us any more creative.", 'start': 27.51, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 37.036, 'text': "And it doesn't make us any more fit for the actual competition that's unfolding before us.", 'start': 30.471, 'duration': 6.565}, {'end': 45.084, 'text': 'The following is a conversation with Glenn Lowry, professor of economics and social sciences at Brown University.', 'start': 39.622, 'duration': 5.462}], 'summary': 'Affirmative action is deemed a band-aid, not promoting competitiveness or development of capacities among african americans.', 'duration': 44.995, 'max_score': 0.089, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo89.jpg'}], 'start': 0.089, 'title': 'Affirmative action critique', 'summary': 'Critiques affirmative action, highlighting its negative impact on capacity development, especially within the african american community.', 'chapters': [{'end': 45.084, 'start': 0.089, 'title': 'Affirmative action critique', 'summary': "Discusses the negative impact of affirmative action, arguing that it hinders the actual development of people's capacities to compete, particularly within the african american community.", 'duration': 44.995, 'highlights': ["Affirmative action is criticized for being a band-aid solution that hinders the development of people's capacities to compete.", 'The speaker expresses strong opposition to affirmative action, emphasizing that it does not make individuals any smarter, creative, or fit for competition.', 'The conversation features Glenn Lowry, a professor of economics and social sciences at Brown University, sharing his perspective on the issue.']}], 'duration': 44.995, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo89.jpg', 'highlights': ['Affirmative action hinders capacity development.', "Opposition to affirmative action as it does not enhance individuals' abilities.", 'Glenn Lowry, a professor at Brown University, shares his perspective.']}, {'end': 1452.119, 'segs': [{'end': 98.922, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 71.516, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 75.079, 'text': "'s I Have a Dream speech I think is the greatest speech in American history.", 'start': 71.516, 'duration': 3.563}, {'end': 77.341, 'text': "If I may, I'd like to read a few words of it.", 'start': 75.479, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 80.884, 'text': 'Sure And ask you a question about this dream.', 'start': 77.801, 'duration': 3.083}, {'end': 83.166, 'text': 'I have a dream.', 'start': 82.545, 'duration': 0.621}, {'end': 88.118, 'text': 'that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed.', 'start': 83.936, 'duration': 4.182}, {'end': 93.18, 'text': 'We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.', 'start': 88.998, 'duration': 4.182}, {'end': 98.922, 'text': 'I have a dream that one day, on the red hills of Georgia,', 'start': 94.68, 'duration': 4.242}], 'summary': "Mlk's 'i have a dream' speech calls for equality and unity in america.", 'duration': 27.406, 'max_score': 71.516, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo71516.jpg'}, {'end': 353.646, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 322.228, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 325.19, 'text': 'he means men and women are created equal.', 'start': 322.228, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 334.135, 'text': 'He wants this idea to be embraced by the country in reference to the descendants of the African slaves.', 'start': 327.631, 'duration': 6.504}, {'end': 336.548, 'text': "That's his dream, that's his idea.", 'start': 335.066, 'duration': 1.482}, {'end': 341.313, 'text': 'The legacy of slavery would be erased,', 'start': 336.568, 'duration': 4.745}, {'end': 350.923, 'text': 'that the position of African Americans would be equalized within the political community which is the United States of America.', 'start': 341.313, 'duration': 9.61}, {'end': 353.646, 'text': "That's my sense of it in any case.", 'start': 352.044, 'duration': 1.602}], 'summary': 'Advocates equality for african americans, erasing legacy of slavery.', 'duration': 31.418, 'max_score': 322.228, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo322228.jpg'}, {'end': 436.419, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 407.724, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 413.047, 'text': 'So that has to do with not some kind of public policy or politics or all that kind of stuff.', 'start': 407.724, 'duration': 5.323}, {'end': 415.948, 'text': 'It has to do with the basic worth of a human being.', 'start': 413.467, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 425.313, 'text': "And that's what Dr. King is speaking to, that all people on some kind of deep level are worth the same.", 'start': 416.529, 'duration': 8.784}, {'end': 433.738, 'text': "If you're somehow weighing the value of a person, we're equal in that basic fundamental worth.", 'start': 427.114, 'duration': 6.624}, {'end': 436.419, 'text': "Yeah, I think that's correct.", 'start': 434.778, 'duration': 1.641}], 'summary': "Dr. king's message: all people have equal fundamental worth.", 'duration': 28.695, 'max_score': 407.724, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo407724.jpg'}, {'end': 763.06, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 734.398, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 749.108, 'text': 'it took a massive movement of abolitionists struggling against slavery for the better part of a century before that practice could be eradicated.', 'start': 734.398, 'duration': 14.71}, {'end': 763.06, 'text': 'But the other thing about human nature that I see is the ability of people to sustain their humanity under the most awful, oppressive conditions.', 'start': 749.869, 'duration': 13.191}], 'summary': 'Abolitionists fought for a century to end slavery, showcasing human resilience.', 'duration': 28.662, 'max_score': 734.398, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo734398.jpg'}, {'end': 831.714, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 795.142, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 807.468, 'text': 'the persons who had been enslaved and who were set free, were able to, you know, over the following decades,', 'start': 795.142, 'duration': 12.326}, {'end': 815.75, 'text': 'build a foundation for the development of African Americans within the context of American society.', 'start': 807.468, 'duration': 8.282}, {'end': 824.552, 'text': 'that eventually culminated in the civil rights movement of the middle of the 20th century and has led us into the present day.', 'start': 815.75, 'duration': 8.802}, {'end': 831.714, 'text': 'So, you know, human nature can countenance awful evil.', 'start': 825.893, 'duration': 5.821}], 'summary': 'Enslaved persons set free built foundation for african americans, leading to civil rights movement in the 20th century.', 'duration': 36.572, 'max_score': 795.142, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo795142.jpg'}, {'end': 1329.241, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1306.726, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1315.573, 'text': "That has happened within a century and a half, and I don't know that you can find any parallel to that kind of transformation in the status of people.", 'start': 1306.726, 'duration': 8.847}, {'end': 1321.437, 'text': 'from human chattel to full citizens of the Republic.', 'start': 1316.814, 'duration': 4.623}, {'end': 1329.241, 'text': "Anywhere in human history, it's certainly worth celebrating the achievement of the eradication of slavery, I would say.", 'start': 1321.837, 'duration': 7.404}], 'summary': 'Century and a half: transformation from human chattel to full citizens, worth celebrating achievement of eradication of slavery.', 'duration': 22.515, 'max_score': 1306.726, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo1306726.jpg'}], 'start': 45.644, 'title': "Martin luther king jr.'s dream", 'summary': "Discusses the significance of martin luther king jr.'s 'i have a dream' speech in the context of equality, his belief in the fundamental worth of all human beings, lessons learned from the history of slavery, and the progress made in eradicating slavery within the united states.", 'chapters': [{'end': 407.204, 'start': 45.644, 'title': "Glenn lowry on martin luther king jr's dream", 'summary': "Discusses martin luther king jr.'s 'i have a dream' speech and its significance in the context of equality, emphasizing the dream of erasing the legacy of slavery and equalizing the position of african americans within the united states, while exploring the concept of equality and its historical context.", 'duration': 361.56, 'highlights': ["Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream' speech is regarded as the greatest speech in American history. The speaker expresses admiration for Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream' speech, emphasizing its historical significance and impact on American society.", "King's ideal of equality is centered around the status of enslaved people becoming free and equal citizens within the Republic. The chapter delves into the historical context of King's ideal of equality, focusing on the significance of enslaved people gaining status as free and equal citizens within the Republic.", 'The concept of equality is explored in relation to erasing the legacy of slavery and equalizing the position of African Americans within the United States. The discussion emphasizes the significance of erasing the legacy of slavery and equalizing the position of African Americans within the political community of the United States in the context of the concept of equality.']}, {'end': 571.759, 'start': 407.724, 'title': "Dr. king's message of human worth", 'summary': "Discusses dr. king's belief in the fundamental worth of all human beings, informed by a broader christian ethic, and his advocacy for universal principles of equality, including pacifism and socialism.", 'duration': 164.035, 'highlights': ['Dr. King believed in the fundamental worth of all human beings, stating that all people are equal in their basic fundamental worth, regardless of their background or circumstances.', 'He was informed by a much broader Christian ethic of the equality of all persons and made appeals to universal principles of equality, spending five years after the 1963 speech in Washington developing his worldview and advocating for equality.', 'Dr. King advocated for a decent society where the poor would not go untended, healthcare would be available to those in need, and believed in principles of pacifism and socialism, despite not publicly wearing the label of a socialist.', 'The speech in 1963 at the March on Washington was within the context of the civil rights movement in the United States, addressing the fight over equal rights for voting, housing, employment, and citizenship of Blacks in America.']}, {'end': 861.241, 'start': 571.779, 'title': 'Human nature through slavery', 'summary': 'Explores the lessons learned about human nature from the history of slavery in america, focusing on the capacity of people to tolerate morally questionable practices and the resilience of humanity in the face of oppression, leading to the eventual development of african americans and the civil rights movement.', 'duration': 289.462, 'highlights': ['Slavery was controversial from the founding of the United States, with the economy depending on the labor of African captives and their descendants. The economy of the United States was heavily dependent on the labor of enslaved African captives, to the extent that they were considered property and their value contributed to the wealth of their owners.', 'It took a massive movement of abolitionists struggling against slavery for the better part of a century before the practice could be eradicated. The eradication of slavery required a prolonged and arduous effort by abolitionists spanning nearly a century, reflecting the resilience of those fighting against the morally questionable practice.', 'The ability of enslaved individuals to sustain their humanity and dignity under oppressive conditions led to the eventual development of African Americans within American society and the civil rights movement in the mid-20th century. Despite being bought and sold like property, the enslaved individuals managed to preserve their humanity and dignity, paving the way for the development of African Americans within American society and the subsequent civil rights movement.']}, {'end': 1452.119, 'start': 861.261, 'title': 'Eradication of slavery and progress', 'summary': 'Discusses the historical context of slavery, the efforts to eradicate it, and the remarkable progress made, emphasizing the role of individuals and movements in bringing about change.', 'duration': 590.858, 'highlights': ['The eradication of slavery and the progress made from slavery to full citizenship within a century and a half is a remarkable achievement. The discussion emphasizes the significant progress made from human chattel to full citizenship within a century and a half, highlighting the remarkable achievement of eradicating slavery.', 'The role of individuals and movements in bringing about change is emphasized, citing the example of Frederick Douglass as a massively influential figure who played a significant role in emancipating himself and advocating for change. The influence of individuals and movements in initiating change is highlighted, with the example of Frederick Douglass, who played a significant role in advocating for change and emancipating himself from slavery.', 'The discussion delves into the global historical context of slavery, highlighting its prevalence and the widespread practice of enslavement of people across different civilizations and regions. The transcript provides insight into the global historical context of slavery, emphasizing its prevalence across different civilizations and regions, shedding light on the widespread practice of enslavement of people.']}], 'duration': 1406.475, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo45644.jpg', 'highlights': ["Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream' speech is regarded as the greatest speech in American history.", 'The concept of equality is explored in relation to erasing the legacy of slavery and equalizing the position of African Americans within the United States.', 'Dr. King believed in the fundamental worth of all human beings, stating that all people are equal in their basic fundamental worth, regardless of their background or circumstances.', 'The eradication of slavery required a prolonged and arduous effort by abolitionists spanning nearly a century, reflecting the resilience of those fighting against the morally questionable practice.', 'The discussion emphasizes the significant progress made from human chattel to full citizenship within a century and a half, highlighting the remarkable achievement of eradicating slavery.', 'The ability of enslaved individuals to sustain their humanity and dignity under oppressive conditions led to the eventual development of African Americans within American society and the civil rights movement in the mid-20th century.']}, {'end': 2432.457, 'segs': [{'end': 1623.542, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1593.968, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1602.18, 'text': 'that they will be equally successful in business, that they will be proportionately represented in the various professions,', 'start': 1593.968, 'duration': 8.212}, {'end': 1609.432, 'text': 'that they will have the same educational achievement, that the occupational profiles will look the same.', 'start': 1602.18, 'duration': 7.252}, {'end': 1623.542, 'text': 'if they are in fact distinct groups with their own cultural traditions and practices, with their own ideals and norms.', 'start': 1611.174, 'duration': 12.368}], 'summary': 'Equality in business, education, and professions for distinct cultural groups.', 'duration': 29.574, 'max_score': 1593.968, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo1593968.jpg'}, {'end': 1736.56, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1680.947, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1683.217, 'text': "They're not equally represented.", 'start': 1680.947, 'duration': 2.27}, {'end': 1695.132, 'text': "And that fact, I'm arguing, is in and of itself insufficient to justify the conclusion that they're not somehow being fairly treated.", 'start': 1683.458, 'duration': 11.674}, {'end': 1704.686, 'text': "Fair treatment doesn't imply equal outcomes in a world in which the populations in question are themselves different with respect to their culture,", 'start': 1695.333, 'duration': 9.353}, {'end': 1711.089, 'text': 'their practices, their norms, their traditions, their beliefs, their ideals, and so on.', 'start': 1704.686, 'duration': 6.403}, {'end': 1715.271, 'text': 'The fact of those different norms, traditions, beliefs,', 'start': 1711.489, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 1723.076, 'text': 'cultural orientations and ideals will have consequences in terms of their different social outcomes.', 'start': 1715.271, 'duration': 7.805}, {'end': 1735.86, 'text': "So I just think it's a mistake that people are making when they think fairness of treatment implies equality of outcomes.", 'start': 1724.076, 'duration': 11.784}, {'end': 1736.56, 'text': 'It does not.', 'start': 1736.06, 'duration': 0.5}], 'summary': "Unequal representation doesn't necessarily mean unfair treatment due to cultural differences and norms.", 'duration': 55.613, 'max_score': 1680.947, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo1680947.jpg'}, {'end': 1821.592, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1772.828, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1780.674, 'text': "We're on our way to the Eastern Conference Finals, and we're on our way to the NBA Finals.", 'start': 1772.828, 'duration': 7.846}, {'end': 1789.722, 'text': "If I were a betting man, I'd put down a few bucks that the Boston Celtics, underrated as we are, have a very good chance of winning the NBA Finals.", 'start': 1781.595, 'duration': 8.127}, {'end': 1791.804, 'text': "Okay, so that's the NBA.", 'start': 1790.703, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 1793.524, 'text': "That's the National Basketball Association.", 'start': 1791.844, 'duration': 1.68}, {'end': 1794.285, 'text': "I'm a sports fan.", 'start': 1793.564, 'duration': 0.721}, {'end': 1795.005, 'text': 'I like basketball.', 'start': 1794.305, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 1796.706, 'text': 'Slightly biased prediction, but yes.', 'start': 1795.025, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 1798.867, 'text': 'Yeah, it is somewhat biased.', 'start': 1797.686, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 1806.13, 'text': "All I'm saying is, if you take a look at who the star players are in the National Basketball Association,", 'start': 1799.747, 'duration': 6.383}, {'end': 1808.011, 'text': "you're going to find that there's some Eastern Europeans.", 'start': 1806.13, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 1816.768, 'text': "know, there's some really good basketball players coming out of, uh, eastern europe, you know, and more power to them.", 'start': 1809.542, 'duration': 7.226}, {'end': 1819.591, 'text': 'um, and there are a lot of african americans.', 'start': 1816.768, 'duration': 2.823}, {'end': 1821.592, 'text': "uh, we're overrepresented.", 'start': 1819.591, 'duration': 2.001}], 'summary': 'The speaker predicts that the boston celtics have a good chance of winning the nba finals, citing the presence of star players from eastern europe and an overrepresentation of african americans in the league.', 'duration': 48.764, 'max_score': 1772.828, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo1772828.jpg'}, {'end': 1980.141, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1950.148, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 1955.094, 'text': 'especially barriers early on in life, of discrimination that are racially based?', 'start': 1950.148, 'duration': 4.946}, {'end': 1964.896, 'text': 'So, if you think about affirmative action, in which ways is affirmative action empowering?', 'start': 1955.395, 'duration': 9.501}, {'end': 1970.798, 'text': 'in which way is it limiting for these early development of different groups?', 'start': 1964.896, 'duration': 5.902}, {'end': 1972.719, 'text': "but let's just speak to African Americans.", 'start': 1970.798, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 1980.141, 'text': 'We should say that you went to some no-name Northwestern university at first, but then you ended up with a great university of MIT.', 'start': 1973.079, 'duration': 7.062}], 'summary': 'Exploring how affirmative action empowers and limits early development, particularly for african americans.', 'duration': 29.993, 'max_score': 1950.148, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo1950148.jpg'}, {'end': 2065.697, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2029.973, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 2038.219, 'text': 'Opportunity also depends upon the social conditions in which people are raised, the social and economic conditions.', 'start': 2029.973, 'duration': 8.246}, {'end': 2050.679, 'text': "So the child of a poor family that has no resources doesn't have the same opportunity as a child of a wealthy family to realize their full human potential.", 'start': 2038.259, 'duration': 12.42}, {'end': 2065.697, 'text': "You asked me how can we tell whether or not a difference in outcomes is a reflection of unequal opportunity or it's a reflection of differences in culture and interest and practice?", 'start': 2051.802, 'duration': 13.895}], 'summary': 'Social and economic conditions impact opportunity; wealth inequality affects potential.', 'duration': 35.724, 'max_score': 2029.973, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo2029973.jpg'}, {'end': 2161.667, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2134.469, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 2142.253, 'text': 'whether those factors also are implicated in determining how successful they are in the labor market.', 'start': 2134.469, 'duration': 7.784}, {'end': 2152.901, 'text': 'And if you find that after you have controlled for the things that are legitimately determining success and failure in the labor market,', 'start': 2142.293, 'duration': 10.608}, {'end': 2161.667, 'text': 'like skills and education and experience, having controlled for those things, the fact that a person is black or is a woman,', 'start': 2152.901, 'duration': 8.766}], 'summary': 'Analyzing factors influencing success in the labor market, including race and gender.', 'duration': 27.198, 'max_score': 2134.469, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo2134469.jpg'}, {'end': 2274.514, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2240.827, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 2246.231, 'text': "I'm just saying whether she is or she isn't will affect the development of the fetus.", 'start': 2240.827, 'duration': 5.404}, {'end': 2247.672, 'text': 'The newborn.', 'start': 2247.072, 'duration': 0.6}, {'end': 2251.002, 'text': "Now there's a question of environment.", 'start': 2249.256, 'duration': 1.746}, {'end': 2257.419, 'text': "There's a question of the development of their neurological potential?", 'start': 2252.005, 'duration': 5.414}, {'end': 2259.041, 'text': 'Do they learn how to read??', 'start': 2257.839, 'duration': 1.202}, {'end': 2262.343, 'text': 'Are they stimulated verbally??', 'start': 2260.282, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 2264.165, 'text': 'How many words have they heard spoken?', 'start': 2262.363, 'duration': 1.802}, {'end': 2274.514, 'text': 'Are they being nurtured in a home environment so as to maximize the possibility of them achieving their human potential??', 'start': 2265.566, 'duration': 8.948}], 'summary': "Prenatal environment impacts newborn's development, including neurological potential, literacy, and verbal stimulation.", 'duration': 33.687, 'max_score': 2240.827, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo2240827.jpg'}, {'end': 2346.178, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2320.419, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 2325.923, 'text': 'Those things vary across groups in a very significant way.', 'start': 2320.419, 'duration': 5.504}, {'end': 2332.688, 'text': 'And that too will be a factor determining disparities of outcome.', 'start': 2326.743, 'duration': 5.945}, {'end': 2338.712, 'text': "So when I see outcomes that are different, I see wealth holding that's different.", 'start': 2333.528, 'duration': 5.184}, {'end': 2340.494, 'text': "I see educational achievement that's different.", 'start': 2338.732, 'duration': 1.762}, {'end': 2346.178, 'text': "I see representation in the professional schools and law school and medical school that's different between groups.", 'start': 2341.054, 'duration': 5.124}], 'summary': 'Disparities in wealth, education, and representation vary significantly across groups.', 'duration': 25.759, 'max_score': 2320.419, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo2320419.jpg'}, {'end': 2405.668, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2371.973, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 2384.578, 'text': 'Inequality of outcome is a systemic factor to some degree, but it is also a cultural factor to some degree, I wanna say.', 'start': 2371.973, 'duration': 12.605}, {'end': 2386.439, 'text': "And that's controversial, I know.", 'start': 2384.598, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 2391.061, 'text': 'A lot of people, they think of themselves as being progressive.', 'start': 2386.459, 'duration': 4.602}, {'end': 2396.703, 'text': 'They wanna point a finger at society whenever they see a disparity.', 'start': 2392.301, 'duration': 4.402}, {'end': 2400.064, 'text': "But I think that that's a mistake.", 'start': 2398.383, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 2405.668, 'text': 'I think it misunderstands the difficulty of the problem.', 'start': 2400.104, 'duration': 5.564}], 'summary': 'Inequality is a systemic and cultural issue, often misunderstood as solely a societal problem.', 'duration': 33.695, 'max_score': 2371.973, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo2371973.jpg'}], 'start': 1452.119, 'title': 'Equality and fair representation', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of equality in the 21st century, fair treatment not guaranteeing equal outcomes, biased optimism in nba playoffs, underrepresentation in the nba, challenges in determining unequal opportunity, impact of developmental opportunities on wealth and educational achievement.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1736.56, 'start': 1452.119, 'title': 'Equality in the 21st century', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of equality in the 21st century, emphasizing that fairness of treatment does not necessarily imply equality of outcomes and that distinct cultural groups may have different social outcomes.', 'duration': 284.441, 'highlights': ["Fair treatment doesn't imply equal outcomes in a world where distinct cultural groups have different social outcomes. The speaker argues that fairness of treatment does not necessarily lead to equal outcomes, as distinct cultural groups with different norms and traditions may naturally have different social outcomes.", 'Emphasis on the idea that equality of outcome does not necessarily align with fairness of treatment. The chapter challenges the notion that equality of outcome is a direct consequence of fairness of treatment, highlighting that different cultural groups may naturally have varied social outcomes.', 'Exploration of the impact of distinct cultural norms on social outcomes, emphasizing that groups with different cultural traditions may naturally have different social achievements. The discussion delves into how distinct cultural norms and traditions can lead to varied social achievements, challenging the expectation of equal representation across different groups.']}, {'end': 1921.809, 'start': 1737.64, 'title': 'Nba playoffs and fair representation', 'summary': "Discusses the boston celtics' progress in the nba playoffs, expressing biased optimism for their success and also touches on the representation of different populations in the national basketball association, highlighting the underrepresentation of certain groups.", 'duration': 184.169, 'highlights': ["The Boston Celtics have defeated the Brooklyn Nets and are on their way to the Eastern Conference Finals and potentially the NBA Finals, with an optimistic prediction of their chances of winning. The Boston Celtics' victory over the Brooklyn Nets and the optimistic prediction for their success in the NBA Finals.", "The National Basketball Association's representation is discussed, highlighting the underrepresentation of certain groups and biased predictions about the success of Eastern Europeans and African Americans in the league. Discussions about the underrepresentation of certain groups in the NBA, with biased predictions about the success of Eastern Europeans and African Americans.", 'The discussion moves to the fairness of representation in different professions, mentioning the expectations of rising to the top based on skills and abilities, despite acknowledging barriers of discrimination. The fairness of representation in different professions and the expectation of rising to the top based on skills and abilities, despite acknowledging barriers of discrimination.']}, {'end': 2212.071, 'start': 1922.449, 'title': 'Equality of opportunity and outcomes', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges in determining whether differences in outcomes are a result of unequal opportunity or cultural factors, emphasizing the need to measure the significance of various factors, such as race and ethnicity, in determining success in the labor market.', 'duration': 289.622, 'highlights': ['The need to measure the significance of various factors, such as race and ethnicity, in determining success in the labor market, after controlling for legitimate determinants like skills and education. The speaker emphasizes the importance of measuring the impact of race and ethnicity on success in the labor market, even after accounting for factors like skills and education.', 'The discussion on the impact of social and economic conditions on opportunity, highlighting the disparity between the opportunities available to children from wealthy families and those from poor families. The chapter emphasizes the role of social and economic conditions in shaping opportunity, emphasizing the unequal opportunities for children from poor families compared to those from wealthy families.', 'Exploration of the limitations and empowering aspects of affirmative action in early development for different groups, with a specific focus on African Americans. The chapter delves into the empowering and limiting aspects of affirmative action, particularly in the early development of different groups, with a specific focus on African Americans.']}, {'end': 2432.457, 'start': 2212.792, 'title': 'Developmental opportunity and inequality', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of developmental opportunities and cultural influences on disparities in wealth, educational achievement, and professional representation, emphasizing the complexity of inequality and the limitation of solely attributing it to societal factors.', 'duration': 219.665, 'highlights': ['The influence of developmental opportunities and cultural background on wealth holding, educational achievement, and representation in professional schools The disparities in wealth holding, educational achievement, and representation in professional schools, such as law and medical schools, are influenced by developmental opportunities and cultural background, contributing significantly to disparities of outcome.', 'The impact of prenatal and early childhood environment on neurological development and learning potential The prenatal and early childhood environment, including maternal practices and verbal stimulation, plays a crucial role in the neurological development and learning potential of individuals, highlighting the significance of early developmental influences.', 'Challenging the sole attribution of inequality to societal factors and emphasizing the complexity of cultural influences The chapter challenges the notion of solely attributing inequality to societal factors, emphasizing the complexity of cultural influences and the limitations of addressing disparities through public policy and legislation alone.']}], 'duration': 980.338, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo1452119.jpg', 'highlights': ["Fair treatment doesn't imply equal outcomes in a world where distinct cultural groups have different social outcomes.", 'The speaker argues that fairness of treatment does not necessarily lead to equal outcomes, as distinct cultural groups with different norms and traditions may naturally have different social outcomes.', 'The chapter challenges the notion that equality of outcome is a direct consequence of fairness of treatment, highlighting that different cultural groups may naturally have varied social outcomes.', "The Boston Celtics' victory over the Brooklyn Nets and the optimistic prediction for their success in the NBA Finals.", 'Discussions about the underrepresentation of certain groups in the NBA, with biased predictions about the success of Eastern Europeans and African Americans.', 'The fairness of representation in different professions and the expectation of rising to the top based on skills and abilities, despite acknowledging barriers of discrimination.', 'The speaker emphasizes the importance of measuring the impact of race and ethnicity on success in the labor market, even after accounting for factors like skills and education.', 'The chapter emphasizes the role of social and economic conditions in shaping opportunity, emphasizing the unequal opportunities for children from poor families compared to those from wealthy families.', 'The chapter delves into the empowering and limiting aspects of affirmative action, particularly in the early development of different groups, with a specific focus on African Americans.', 'The disparities in wealth holding, educational achievement, and representation in professional schools, such as law and medical schools, are influenced by developmental opportunities and cultural background, contributing significantly to disparities of outcome.', 'The prenatal and early childhood environment, including maternal practices and verbal stimulation, plays a crucial role in the neurological development and learning potential of individuals, highlighting the significance of early developmental influences.', 'The chapter challenges the notion of solely attributing inequality to societal factors, emphasizing the complexity of cultural influences and the limitations of addressing disparities through public policy and legislation alone.']}, {'end': 4069.25, 'segs': [{'end': 2484.906, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2454.026, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2459.788, 'text': 'And I got a very good technical training in mathematics when I was at Northwestern.', 'start': 2454.026, 'duration': 5.762}, {'end': 2467.511, 'text': 'You love both mathematics and human nature, which is why you ended up going into economics.', 'start': 2460.068, 'duration': 7.443}, {'end': 2473.035, 'text': 'at one of the great economics programs in the world at MIT and getting a PhD there.', 'start': 2468.411, 'duration': 4.624}, {'end': 2484.906, 'text': 'So one of the many hats you wear is that of an economist which allows you to think systematically and rigorously about the way the world and the way humans work at scale,', 'start': 2473.075, 'duration': 11.831}], 'summary': 'Received technical training in mathematics at northwestern, pursued economics at mit, and now works as an economist.', 'duration': 30.88, 'max_score': 2454.026, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo2454026.jpg'}, {'end': 2565.371, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2533.175, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2540.317, 'text': 'dynamical systems and stuff that I ended up employing in my graduate studies in economics.', 'start': 2533.175, 'duration': 7.142}, {'end': 2547.499, 'text': "But you're right, I was not satisfied simply to be proving theorems.", 'start': 2540.937, 'duration': 6.562}, {'end': 2551.321, 'text': 'I wanted to be addressing issues of social significance.', 'start': 2547.519, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 2565.371, 'text': 'And economics I discovered to my delight, was a field of study that allowed me both to develop rigorous analytical frameworks.', 'start': 2552.221, 'duration': 13.15}], 'summary': 'Economics allowed me to address social issues using rigorous analytical frameworks.', 'duration': 32.196, 'max_score': 2533.175, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo2533175.jpg'}, {'end': 2621.081, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2592.995, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2599.257, 'text': 'Why do the prices of raw materials fluctuate in the way that they do over time and so on and so forth?', 'start': 2592.995, 'duration': 6.262}, {'end': 2609.158, 'text': 'And I ended up falling in love with the application of mathematical analysis to the study of social issues.', 'start': 2599.297, 'duration': 9.861}, {'end': 2619.38, 'text': "What to you is beautiful about mathematics, about mathematical puzzles, about logic, all those kinds of things? Because it's still there.", 'start': 2609.358, 'duration': 10.022}, {'end': 2621.081, 'text': 'The love for math is still there for you.', 'start': 2619.44, 'duration': 1.641}], 'summary': 'The speaker expresses a love for mathematical analysis and its application to social issues.', 'duration': 28.086, 'max_score': 2592.995, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo2592995.jpg'}, {'end': 2750.981, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2695.46, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2710.248, 'text': "in abstract algebra it's like they show up in all these places that are just like beautiful mathematical puzzles that don't immediately have an application but somehow maybe challenge you and as a result,", 'start': 2695.46, 'duration': 14.788}, {'end': 2712.689, 'text': "push mathematics forward like Fermat's Last Theorem.", 'start': 2710.248, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 2717.612, 'text': 'You know, as far as I know, no obvious real-world application.', 'start': 2713.209, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 2720.834, 'text': 'but it has challenged mathematicians throughout the centuries.', 'start': 2718.192, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 2726.957, 'text': 'And somehow indirectly progressed the field.', 'start': 2723.135, 'duration': 3.822}, {'end': 2730.939, 'text': 'But.. That the rational numbers are countable.', 'start': 2727.557, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 2738.723, 'text': 'They can be put in one-to-one relationship with the integers, but that the real numbers are not countable.', 'start': 2731.96, 'duration': 6.763}, {'end': 2741.845, 'text': "And there's a lot more real, quote-unquote, more real numbers.", 'start': 2738.803, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 2743.346, 'text': 'These are orders of infinity.', 'start': 2741.885, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 2747.328, 'text': 'This is Cantor, Georg Cantor, and all that kind of..', 'start': 2743.386, 'duration': 3.942}, {'end': 2750.981, 'text': "that kind of stuff, or Gödel's theorem.", 'start': 2748.24, 'duration': 2.741}], 'summary': "Abstract algebra presents beautiful puzzles, challenging mathematicians and pushing mathematics forward with no obvious real-world applications, like fermat's last theorem and cantor's orders of infinity.", 'duration': 55.521, 'max_score': 2695.46, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo2695460.jpg'}, {'end': 2803.775, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2770.684, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2787.623, 'text': 'So the idea that you could systematically develop a logical framework for mathematical inquiry that could demonstrate the truth or falsity of any proposition is not a feasible goal.', 'start': 2770.684, 'duration': 16.939}, {'end': 2790.526, 'text': "This was Hilbert's project, as I understand it.", 'start': 2787.663, 'duration': 2.863}, {'end': 2803.775, 'text': 'Gödel showed that there was no hope ever of being able to demonstrate the closure of logical systems that were rich enough to accommodate the real numbers.', 'start': 2792.848, 'duration': 10.927}], 'summary': "Hilbert's goal to demonstrate truth/falsity of propositions infeasible; gödel showed impossibility for rich logical systems.", 'duration': 33.091, 'max_score': 2770.684, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo2770684.jpg'}, {'end': 2880.932, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2849.887, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 2858.529, 'text': 'And then I took a course that showed where the question was not how to solve any particular functional expression,', 'start': 2849.887, 'duration': 8.642}, {'end': 2866.591, 'text': 'but it was proving the existence of a solution to a differential equation, where it was like x dot equals f of x and t,', 'start': 2858.529, 'duration': 8.062}, {'end': 2868.592, 'text': 'and f is just some arbitrary function.', 'start': 2866.591, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 2880.932, 'text': 'What do I have to assume about the function f in order to know that there exists a solution to the differential equation dx dt equals f of x and t.', 'start': 2869.332, 'duration': 11.6}], 'summary': 'Course focused on proving existence of solution to differential equation dx dt = f(x, t)', 'duration': 31.045, 'max_score': 2849.887, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo2849887.jpg'}, {'end': 3231.542, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3207.785, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 3215.671, 'text': 'And that requires the use of some concepts in topology, fixed point theorems and whatnot that are familiar to mathematics.', 'start': 3207.785, 'duration': 7.886}, {'end': 3220.454, 'text': 'Not very deep mathematical results, but important to economics.', 'start': 3216.111, 'duration': 4.343}, {'end': 3222.415, 'text': "That's all about general equilibrium and whatnot.", 'start': 3220.494, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 3224.196, 'text': 'But you ask about groups.', 'start': 3223.236, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 3229.161, 'text': 'By the way, amazing whirlwind summary of all of economics.', 'start': 3225.14, 'duration': 4.021}, {'end': 3230.142, 'text': 'But yes, go ahead.', 'start': 3229.241, 'duration': 0.901}, {'end': 3231.542, 'text': 'That was great.', 'start': 3230.682, 'duration': 0.86}], 'summary': 'Topology and fixed point theorems are important to economics and general equilibrium.', 'duration': 23.757, 'max_score': 3207.785, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo3207785.jpg'}, {'end': 3318.768, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3287.139, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 3294.403, 'text': 'Markets are made up of individuals, and in order to carry out this formalization, you have to make assumptions about the individuals.', 'start': 3287.139, 'duration': 7.264}, {'end': 3303.168, 'text': 'And the end result is true in a formal sense, but may not be true as a representation of the reality,', 'start': 3294.703, 'duration': 8.465}, {'end': 3306.31, 'text': 'because it depends upon assumptions that themselves may not hold.', 'start': 3303.168, 'duration': 3.142}, {'end': 3309.865, 'text': 'But at least you know what it is.', 'start': 3307.944, 'duration': 1.921}, {'end': 3318.768, 'text': 'that has to be true in order for your formal framework to be relevant, which is already a step in the right direction, I think.', 'start': 3309.865, 'duration': 8.903}], 'summary': 'Markets are formalized based on assumptions, aiming for a relevant framework.', 'duration': 31.629, 'max_score': 3287.139, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo3287139.jpg'}, {'end': 3396.743, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3360.962, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 3364.205, 'text': "And that's the language of economics.", 'start': 3360.962, 'duration': 3.243}, {'end': 3374.236, 'text': "But people's behavior depends upon what they seek in life, depends upon their goals and their objectives.", 'start': 3366.41, 'duration': 7.826}, {'end': 3376.577, 'text': 'Those things are at play.', 'start': 3375.156, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 3379.78, 'text': 'They can be pushed this way or that.', 'start': 3377.598, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 3385.244, 'text': 'So, I mean, you know, nationalism, fighting and dying for your country.', 'start': 3380.54, 'duration': 4.704}, {'end': 3396.743, 'text': 'religion, sacrificing on behalf of some abstract ideal of the good or of what is the human situation and what is the meaning of life.', 'start': 3387.497, 'duration': 9.246}], 'summary': 'Economics language influences behavior, shaped by goals and objectives such as nationalism and religion.', 'duration': 35.781, 'max_score': 3360.962, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo3360962.jpg'}, {'end': 3658.911, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3634.298, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 3644.009, 'text': 'Why do I need a narrative of descent in which I affiliate with a racially defined people??', 'start': 3634.298, 'duration': 9.711}, {'end': 3645.392, 'text': 'Do I really need that??', 'start': 3644.21, 'duration': 1.182}, {'end': 3647.395, 'text': "I mean I think that's an important question.", 'start': 3645.752, 'duration': 1.643}, {'end': 3652.262, 'text': 'In fact, this is a confession, think of myself as Black.', 'start': 3648.156, 'duration': 4.106}, {'end': 3654.947, 'text': 'I could think of myself as simply human.', 'start': 3652.483, 'duration': 2.464}, {'end': 3658.911, 'text': 'not identify specifically as black.', 'start': 3656.949, 'duration': 1.962}], 'summary': 'Questioning the need for racial identity and self-identification as black.', 'duration': 24.613, 'max_score': 3634.298, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo3634298.jpg'}, {'end': 3781.138, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3757.304, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 3764.048, 'text': 'the world will perceive me in a particular way and will perceive me differently based upon the color of my skin.', 'start': 3757.304, 'duration': 6.744}, {'end': 3774.074, 'text': "So a police officer who stops me at two o'clock in the morning because my tail light is out and ask me for my automobile registration.", 'start': 3764.128, 'duration': 9.946}, {'end': 3778.576, 'text': 'And I reach quickly to the glove compartment to get my registration.', 'start': 3774.134, 'duration': 4.442}, {'end': 3781.138, 'text': 'And the police officer says, show me your hands.', 'start': 3779.177, 'duration': 1.961}], 'summary': 'Perceptions based on skin color affect interactions, as seen in police encounters.', 'duration': 23.834, 'max_score': 3757.304, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo3757304.jpg'}], 'start': 2433.558, 'title': 'Transitioning to economics and racial identity', 'summary': "Explores the transition from studying mathematics to pursuing economics, emphasizing the application of mathematical analysis. it also discusses the significance of prime numbers, abstract algebra, cantor's orders of infinity, gödel's incompleteness theorem, and differential equations on mathematical inquiry. furthermore, it delves into the interconnection between mathematics and economics, addressing challenges and the formalization of human interaction. additionally, it highlights the complexities of racial identity and its impact on societal perception and personal experiences.", 'chapters': [{'end': 2621.081, 'start': 2433.558, 'title': 'From mathematics to economics', 'summary': 'Explores the transition from studying mathematics at northwestern university to pursuing economics at mit, emphasizing the value of applying mathematical analysis to address social issues.', 'duration': 187.523, 'highlights': ["Studying mathematics at Northwestern University provided a strong technical training, leading to a transition to MIT's economics program and obtaining a PhD.", 'The value of economics lies in its ability to develop rigorous analytical frameworks and address social issues using mathematical analysis.', 'The fascination with mathematics and its application to social issues led to falling in love with the intersection of mathematical analysis and the study of social issues.', 'The chapter also discusses the exploration of mathematical puzzles, logic, and the beauty of mathematics in addressing social issues.']}, {'end': 2897.137, 'start': 2621.201, 'title': 'The beauty of mathematics', 'summary': "Highlights the beauty and significance of prime numbers, abstract algebra, cantor's orders of infinity, gödel's incompleteness theorem, and differential equations, emphasizing the impact on mathematical inquiry and the existential crisis it has brought to mathematicians and scientists.", 'duration': 275.936, 'highlights': ["Gödel's incompleteness theorem challenged the feasibility of systematically developing a logical framework for mathematical inquiry, revealing the existence of true propositions that cannot be proven within any logical system rich enough to accommodate arithmetic. Gödel's incompleteness theorem questioned the possibility of proving all true propositions within a logical system, impacting mathematical inquiry.", 'The concept of prime numbers, their infinite nature, and their significance in cryptography and coding, as well as their appearance in abstract algebra and mathematical puzzles, was discussed. The chapter emphasized the importance and infinite nature of prime numbers, their relevance in cryptography and coding, and their appearance in abstract algebra and mathematical puzzles.', "The discussion of Cantor's orders of infinity and the assertion that real numbers are not countable, along with their relevance to Georg Cantor's work, was presented. The chapter covered Cantor's orders of infinity and the assertion that real numbers are not countable, referencing Georg Cantor's work.", 'The impact and significance of differential equations, focusing on proving the existence of solutions and the conditions, such as the Lipschitz condition, for ensuring the existence of a solution, were outlined. The chapter highlighted the significance of differential equations, particularly in proving the existence of solutions and the conditions required for ensuring their existence.']}, {'end': 3434.861, 'start': 2897.177, 'title': 'Mathematics and economics interconnection', 'summary': 'Discusses the interconnection between mathematics and economics, including the challenges in constructing models, analyzing general equilibrium, and the formalization of human interaction in economic analysis.', 'duration': 537.684, 'highlights': ['The existence of general equilibrium and the efficiency of competitive equilibrium are important concepts in economics, requiring the use of topology and fixed point theorems from mathematics. The chapter discusses the importance of the existence of general equilibrium and the efficiency of competitive equilibrium in economics, which necessitates the use of topology and fixed point theorems from mathematics.', 'The formalization of human interaction in economics involves making assumptions about individuals, which may not always hold true in reality. The formalization of human interaction in economics involves making assumptions about individuals, which may not always hold true in reality, highlighting the limitations of formal frameworks in representing actual situations.', 'The language of economics involves analyzing markets, consumers, firms, profits, technology, and preferences, but it also depends on the behaviors, goals, and objectives of people, which can be subject to manipulation and change over time. The language of economics involves analyzing markets, consumers, firms, profits, technology, and preferences, but it also depends on the behaviors, goals, and objectives of people, which can be subject to manipulation and change over time, indicating the complexity of incorporating human factors in economic analysis.']}, {'end': 4069.25, 'start': 3435.501, 'title': 'The significance of racial identity', 'summary': 'Discusses the complexities of racial identity, highlighting the impact of race on societal perception and personal experiences, and the necessity of self-identification within various social constructs, such as law enforcement and retail environments.', 'duration': 633.749, 'highlights': ['Racial identity influences societal perception and personal experiences, impacting interactions with law enforcement and retail environments. The speaker shares personal experiences of being racially profiled by law enforcement and encountering prejudice in retail environments, emphasizing the impact of racial identity on his interactions and experiences.', 'The speaker emphasizes the necessity of self-identification within various social constructs, such as law enforcement and retail environments, due to the societal perception based on race. The speaker discusses the burden of needing to earn being taken seriously and the importance of self-presentation to combat societal assumptions based on race in retail environments and interactions with law enforcement.', 'The chapter delves into the complexities of racial identity, addressing the significance of self-identification and societal perceptions based on race. The speaker deliberates on the complexities of racial identity, exploring the impact of societal perceptions based on race and the necessity of self-identification within various social constructs.']}], 'duration': 1635.692, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo2433558.jpg', 'highlights': ["Obtained a PhD in economics after transitioning from studying mathematics at Northwestern University to MIT's economics program.", "Economics' value lies in developing rigorous analytical frameworks and addressing social issues using mathematical analysis.", 'Fascination with mathematics and its application to social issues led to a love for the intersection of mathematical analysis and social studies.', 'Explored mathematical puzzles, logic, and the beauty of mathematics in addressing social issues.', "Gödel's incompleteness theorem challenged the feasibility of systematically developing a logical framework for mathematical inquiry.", 'Discussed the significance and infinite nature of prime numbers, their relevance in cryptography and coding, and their appearance in abstract algebra and mathematical puzzles.', "Covered Cantor's orders of infinity and the assertion that real numbers are not countable, referencing Georg Cantor's work.", 'Highlighted the significance of differential equations, particularly in proving the existence of solutions and the conditions required for ensuring their existence.', 'Discussed the importance of the existence of general equilibrium and the efficiency of competitive equilibrium in economics, which necessitates the use of topology and fixed point theorems from mathematics.', 'Formalization of human interaction in economics involves making assumptions about individuals, which may not always hold true in reality.', 'The language of economics involves analyzing markets, consumers, firms, profits, technology, and preferences, but it also depends on the behaviors, goals, and objectives of people, indicating the complexity of incorporating human factors in economic analysis.', 'Racial identity influences societal perception and personal experiences, impacting interactions with law enforcement and retail environments.', 'Emphasized the necessity of self-identification within various social constructs, such as law enforcement and retail environments, due to societal perception based on race.', 'Deliberated on the complexities of racial identity, exploring the impact of societal perceptions based on race and the necessity of self-identification within various social constructs.']}, {'end': 5329.602, 'segs': [{'end': 4169.841, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4095.916, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4103.282, 'text': 'which has a planet, the third rock from the sun, that is pretty habitable, and the difference between us become pretty insignificant.', 'start': 4095.916, 'duration': 7.366}, {'end': 4119.814, 'text': "So we shouldn't need for an invasion by extraterrestrial beings to have to happen before we would recognize the common humanity that we all share,", 'start': 4104.684, 'duration': 15.13}, {'end': 4122.522, 'text': 'that is profound and is deep.', 'start': 4119.814, 'duration': 2.708}, {'end': 4124.618, 'text': 'We all descend, in effect,', 'start': 4123.136, 'duration': 1.482}, {'end': 4138.423, 'text': 'from the same ancestral population of Homo sapiens who walked out of East Africa eons ago and have survived amongst all of the different possible variations of species and,', 'start': 4124.618, 'duration': 13.805}, {'end': 4140.783, 'text': 'whatnot, of humanoid population.', 'start': 4138.423, 'duration': 2.36}, {'end': 4142.604, 'text': 'The Homo sapiens have flourished.', 'start': 4140.804, 'duration': 1.8}, {'end': 4143.745, 'text': 'The others have died out.', 'start': 4142.644, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 4155.171, 'text': 'And here we are and we can just look at the genetic endowments that characterize our biological essence and we can see that we are all, quote,', 'start': 4144.904, 'duration': 10.267}, {'end': 4163.478, 'text': 'unquote, the same beneath the skin, and yet we end up freighting so much weight onto these superficial differences.', 'start': 4155.171, 'duration': 8.307}, {'end': 4167.26, 'text': "So I can see both sides of the issue is what I'm saying.", 'start': 4163.518, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 4169.841, 'text': 'I can see the argument race is an irrelevancy.', 'start': 4167.68, 'duration': 2.161}], 'summary': 'We are all descendants of the same ancestral population, homo sapiens, who walked out of east africa, and we share a common humanity despite superficial differences.', 'duration': 73.925, 'max_score': 4095.916, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo4095916.jpg'}, {'end': 4257.543, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4225.586, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4229.188, 'text': "That's the fascinating thing about this tribalism that you spoke about.", 'start': 4225.586, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 4244.012, 'text': 'that we form tribes as humans throughout human history form tribes and have directed hate toward other tribes, and sometimes violence and destruction.', 'start': 4230.678, 'duration': 13.334}, {'end': 4250.699, 'text': 'and yet tribalism allows you to tell a story to your children, allows you to grow a culture.', 'start': 4244.012, 'duration': 6.687}, {'end': 4257.543, 'text': "There's something about defining yourself within a particular tribe that allows you to have a tradition.", 'start': 4251.4, 'duration': 6.143}], 'summary': 'Tribalism shapes human history, fostering culture and traditions.', 'duration': 31.957, 'max_score': 4225.586, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo4225586.jpg'}, {'end': 4531.822, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4501.148, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4507.712, 'text': 'Russian Jews coming in large numbers, and so on, and wave after wave after wave of immigration,', 'start': 4501.148, 'duration': 6.564}, {'end': 4516.391, 'text': 'Asian Latin American population of people who have come to reside here in the United States, and we, Black Americans, who descend from slaves.', 'start': 4507.712, 'duration': 8.679}, {'end': 4519.633, 'text': 'We African Americans who descend from slaves.', 'start': 4517.471, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 4520.734, 'text': 'So here we are.', 'start': 4520.093, 'duration': 0.641}, {'end': 4523.216, 'text': 'This is a great nation.', 'start': 4521.614, 'duration': 1.602}, {'end': 4531.822, 'text': 'I mean this is a monumentally significant political force which is the United States of America.', 'start': 4523.516, 'duration': 8.306}], 'summary': "Large numbers of russian jews and other immigrant groups have come to the united states, including black americans who descend from slaves, contributing to the nation's significant political force.", 'duration': 30.674, 'max_score': 4501.148, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo4501148.jpg'}, {'end': 4715.266, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4687.142, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 4694.008, 'text': 'And I want to say look at the vitality of the institutions here in the United States of America,', 'start': 4687.142, 'duration': 6.866}, {'end': 4703.783, 'text': 'of the Democratic Republic of the United States of America, again not perfect, which are malleable enough, these institutions,', 'start': 4694.008, 'duration': 9.775}, {'end': 4709.433, 'text': 'to allow for the transformation of the status of African Americans such as has occurred.', 'start': 4703.783, 'duration': 5.65}, {'end': 4712.264, 'text': 'since the end of slavery.', 'start': 4710.402, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 4715.266, 'text': "And I wanna say there's a lot to celebrate in that.", 'start': 4713.184, 'duration': 2.082}], 'summary': 'Us institutions allowed for transformation of african americans since slavery, a lot to celebrate', 'duration': 28.124, 'max_score': 4687.142, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo4687142.jpg'}, {'end': 4872.6, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4837.788, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 4851.41, 'text': 'well, first, people often, perhaps inaccurately, portray them as representing two different ideals, approaches to the fight for civil rights.', 'start': 4837.788, 'duration': 13.622}, {'end': 4862.012, 'text': 'So Martin Luther King for the nonviolent approach, the peacemaker, and Malcolm X is the by any means necessary.', 'start': 4852.05, 'duration': 9.962}, {'end': 4872.6, 'text': 'What do you think about this distinction? And, broadly speaking, in black patriotism in the future of black Americans in the 21st century?', 'start': 4863.493, 'duration': 9.107}], 'summary': "Comparison of martin luther king's nonviolent approach and malcolm x's by any means necessary approach to civil rights, and their impact on black patriotism in the 21st century.", 'duration': 34.812, 'max_score': 4837.788, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo4837788.jpg'}], 'start': 4070.571, 'title': 'Recognizing common humanity and black patriotism', 'summary': 'Discusses recognizing common humanity amidst potential extraterrestrial invasion, the complexities of race, identity, and tribalism, and the concept of black patriotism in the context of african americans in the united states, emphasizing the need for political engagement within the american framework.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4143.745, 'start': 4070.571, 'title': 'Common humanity amidst extraterrestrial invasion', 'summary': 'Discusses how an invasion by extraterrestrial beings should not be necessary for recognizing the common humanity among humans, who all descend from the same ancestral population of homo sapiens, despite their differences. it emphasizes the insignificance of human differences in the face of a potential extraterrestrial invasion.', 'duration': 73.174, 'highlights': ['The insignificance of human differences in the face of a potential extraterrestrial invasion. The chapter highlights that the differences between various human populations become insignificant when faced with the potential invasion by advanced extraterrestrial beings, emphasizing the common humanity shared among humans.', 'All humans descend from the same ancestral population of Homo sapiens who walked out of East Africa eons ago. It is emphasized that all humans descend from the same ancestral population of Homo sapiens, highlighting the common ancestry and shared humanity among different human populations.', 'The survival and flourishing of Homo sapiens amidst various variations of humanoid populations. The chapter mentions the survival and flourishing of Homo sapiens from the ancestral population, contrasting it with the extinction of other humanoid populations, highlighting the resilience and success of Homo sapiens.']}, {'end': 4333.07, 'start': 4144.904, 'title': 'Race, identity, and tribalism', 'summary': 'Explores the complexities of race, identity, and tribalism, discussing the relevance of racial identity and the role of tribalism in shaping cultural traditions and stories, while also acknowledging the impact of superficial differences on human interactions and the need for a sense of belonging within various tribes.', 'duration': 188.166, 'highlights': ["The speaker discusses the relevance of racial identity and the impact of superficial differences on human interactions. The speaker acknowledges the weight placed on superficial differences despite the underlying genetic similarities, highlighting the complexities of racial identity and people's interactions based on racial presentations.", 'Tribalism allows for the formation of cultural traditions and the passing down of stories to future generations. The discussion explores the role of tribalism in shaping cultural traditions and allowing individuals to have a sense of belonging and a story to pass on to their children, despite the historical conflicts and violence associated with tribalism.', 'The speaker reflects on the need for a sense of belonging within different tribes and the impact of cultural traditions on personal identity. The speaker shares personal experiences related to identifying with multiple cultural tribes, acknowledging the role of humor, culture, and traditions within the American umbrella, while also highlighting the longing for a connection to other tribes, such as the Russian and Ukrainian cultures.']}, {'end': 4662.924, 'start': 4333.07, 'title': 'The case for black patriotism', 'summary': "Discusses the concept of black patriotism in the context of african americans in the united states, emphasizing the nation's history, diversity, and the need for political engagement within the american framework.", 'duration': 329.854, 'highlights': ['The United States is a nation of immigrants, including African Americans who descended from slaves, and it has grown into the richest and most powerful nation on the planet.', 'The chapter addresses the need for African Americans to make peace with their identity as Americans and engage in American politics for resolving concerns, emphasizing the impracticality of separatist movements.', 'The author argues for embracing the positive aspects of being Americans and affirms the need for political compromise and broader political expression beyond racial identity.']}, {'end': 5329.602, 'start': 4662.984, 'title': 'Black patriots and the american framework', 'summary': 'Discusses the enduring impact of slavery on african americans, the transformation of their status in the united states, the role of black patriotism, and the contrasting ideologies of martin luther king jr. and malcolm x in the fight for civil rights, while emphasizing the necessity of accepting the american framework as a basis for progress.', 'duration': 666.618, 'highlights': ['The enduring impact of slavery on African Americans and the transformation of their status in the United States, highlighting the malleability of the institutions that allowed for this change.', 'The contrasting ideologies of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X in the fight for civil rights, with King advocating nonviolent approaches and appealing to the better nature of oppressors, while Malcolm X emphasized self-reliance, community-building, and a rejection of the American story.', 'The role of black patriotism and the necessity of accepting the American framework as a basis for progress, acknowledging the privileges, responsibilities, and the need for fighting for what is right within the existing system.', "The influence of the Nation of Islam and the ideological counterpoint it provided to Martin Luther King Jr.'s approach, emphasizing self-reliance, community-building, and a rejection of dependency on the traditional American system."]}], 'duration': 1259.031, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo4070571.jpg', 'highlights': ['The insignificance of human differences in the face of a potential extraterrestrial invasion.', 'All humans descend from the same ancestral population of Homo sapiens who walked out of East Africa eons ago.', 'The survival and flourishing of Homo sapiens amidst various variations of humanoid populations.', 'The speaker discusses the relevance of racial identity and the impact of superficial differences on human interactions.', 'Tribalism allows for the formation of cultural traditions and the passing down of stories to future generations.', 'The United States is a nation of immigrants, including African Americans who descended from slaves, and it has grown into the richest and most powerful nation on the planet.', 'The enduring impact of slavery on African Americans and the transformation of their status in the United States, highlighting the malleability of the institutions that allowed for this change.', 'The contrasting ideologies of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X in the fight for civil rights, with King advocating nonviolent approaches and appealing to the better nature of oppressors, while Malcolm X emphasized self-reliance, community-building, and a rejection of the American story.']}, {'end': 6848.458, 'segs': [{'end': 5417.387, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5372.649, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5377.571, 'text': 'And I have a complete collection, as best as my uncle could assemble, of the recorded speeches of Malcolm X.', 'start': 5372.649, 'duration': 4.922}, {'end': 5383.873, 'text': "Now, why did he do that? He did that because he did not want me to forget, don't be dependent upon the white man.", 'start': 5377.571, 'duration': 6.302}, {'end': 5389.374, 'text': 'Build your own, stand up straight with your shoulders back, proud black man.', 'start': 5383.973, 'duration': 5.401}, {'end': 5391.275, 'text': 'Take care of your business.', 'start': 5389.434, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 5392.676, 'text': 'Take care of your children.', 'start': 5391.555, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 5395.036, 'text': 'Pick up the trash in front of your house.', 'start': 5393.536, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 5397.217, 'text': 'Get busy.', 'start': 5396.517, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 5400.178, 'text': 'This was this philosophy.', 'start': 5398.898, 'duration': 1.28}, {'end': 5405.564, 'text': "So violence now, that's another story.", 'start': 5402.383, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 5409.725, 'text': "I mean, Malcolm X would say, you know, we're going to defend ourselves.", 'start': 5405.624, 'duration': 4.101}, {'end': 5417.387, 'text': "Are you going to mess with us? You know, you racist Ku Klux Klan or whatever, we're going to arm ourselves and we're going to fight you back.", 'start': 5409.785, 'duration': 7.602}], 'summary': "Malcolm x's philosophy: self-reliance, pride, and self-defense against racism.", 'duration': 44.738, 'max_score': 5372.649, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo5372649.jpg'}, {'end': 5572.093, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5544.895, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 5553.902, 'text': "if we look at the net effect of the so-called rebellions in American cities, they're negative.", 'start': 5544.895, 'duration': 9.007}, {'end': 5566.291, 'text': 'The George Floyd protests, which became violent and arsonists in the aftermath of civil disturbance, and whatnot in the summer of 2020,, I think,', 'start': 5554.903, 'duration': 11.388}, {'end': 5570.853, 'text': 'set back the program for African Americans.', 'start': 5566.291, 'duration': 4.562}, {'end': 5572.093, 'text': "I don't think it advanced it.", 'start': 5570.893, 'duration': 1.2}], 'summary': 'Violent george floyd protests set back african american progress.', 'duration': 27.198, 'max_score': 5544.895, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo5544895.jpg'}, {'end': 5632.428, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5603.232, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 5608.894, 'text': "And I don't think it's properly framed as a racial problem.", 'start': 5603.232, 'duration': 5.662}, {'end': 5618.785, 'text': "And I certainly don't think that violent rebellion gets us anywhere.", 'start': 5608.935, 'duration': 9.85}, {'end': 5629.047, 'text': 'I get the historical salience of that posture, and it made a lot of sense in the early and the mid-20th century.', 'start': 5619.485, 'duration': 9.562}, {'end': 5632.428, 'text': "I don't think it makes very much sense at all in the early 21st century.", 'start': 5629.067, 'duration': 3.361}], 'summary': 'Rejects violent rebellion as a solution for racial problems in the 21st century.', 'duration': 29.196, 'max_score': 5603.232, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo5603232.jpg'}, {'end': 6020.057, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5993.417, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6000.301, 'text': "What do you think about the rigorous testing of people to the degree they're racist or not?", 'start': 5993.417, 'duration': 6.884}, {'end': 6010.808, 'text': 'The accusation of racism being a way to attack, to bully, to divide people.', 'start': 6001.102, 'duration': 9.706}, {'end': 6012.69, 'text': 'So what are the pros and cons of that?', 'start': 6010.968, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 6020.057, 'text': 'once again? Because it does reveal the assholes and the racists, but it can hurt people who are not.', 'start': 6012.69, 'duration': 7.367}], 'summary': 'Rigorous testing for racism reveals some but may hurt others.', 'duration': 26.64, 'max_score': 5993.417, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo5993417.jpg'}, {'end': 6372.591, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 6239.758, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6251.171, 'text': 'because he observes that there are racial differences in measured intellectual ability amongst Americans of different racial descent.', 'start': 6239.758, 'duration': 11.413}, {'end': 6254.114, 'text': 'He could be wrong.', 'start': 6252.412, 'duration': 1.702}, {'end': 6256.156, 'text': 'Let me stipulate that he is wrong.', 'start': 6254.755, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 6259.74, 'text': "I mean, I don't wanna argue about whether he's right or about whether he's wrong.", 'start': 6256.176, 'duration': 3.564}, {'end': 6263.988, 'text': "He's addressing himself to a factual issue.", 'start': 6260.666, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 6273.795, 'text': 'And now the issue becomes instead of grappling with the factual questions at hand and demonstrating his rightness or wrongness about those questions,', 'start': 6264.809, 'duration': 8.986}, {'end': 6275.217, 'text': 'the issue becomes his character.', 'start': 6273.795, 'duration': 1.422}, {'end': 6276.698, 'text': "He's a racist.", 'start': 6275.837, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 6282.802, 'text': "That's, in my mind, a lot like calling him a witch.", 'start': 6279.319, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 6288.226, 'text': 'The use of that word now, I think,', 'start': 6285.024, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 6301.235, 'text': 'has parallels to accusing people of witchcraft because they have views about substantive questions that bear on racial inequality or racial difference,', 'start': 6288.226, 'duration': 13.009}, {'end': 6305.421, 'text': 'that a person finds unacceptable or that a person disagrees with.', 'start': 6301.235, 'duration': 4.186}, {'end': 6307.303, 'text': 'And you think you can shut somebody up.', 'start': 6305.481, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 6319.408, 'text': 'Crime in the cities of Chicago, St. Louis, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Washington DC is out of control.', 'start': 6309.003, 'duration': 10.405}, {'end': 6320.509, 'text': 'some person might say.', 'start': 6319.408, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 6322.17, 'text': 'Murder rate is high.', 'start': 6321.069, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 6329.473, 'text': "Who's committing those crimes? They're mostly Black young men who are doing the carjackings and who are doing the shootings.", 'start': 6322.75, 'duration': 6.723}, {'end': 6330.434, 'text': "They're killing each other.", 'start': 6329.493, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 6332.535, 'text': "They're making our city unlivable.", 'start': 6330.754, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 6336.617, 'text': "Now, that's a hypothetical statement that I offer.", 'start': 6333.355, 'duration': 3.262}, {'end': 6339.369, 'text': 'It might be correct.', 'start': 6338.368, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 6341.61, 'text': 'It might be incorrect.', 'start': 6340.81, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 6342.971, 'text': 'It might be appropriate.', 'start': 6341.69, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 6344.372, 'text': 'It might be inappropriate.', 'start': 6343.251, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 6349.175, 'text': "It may be true, but something that we would be better off if people didn't focus on.", 'start': 6344.452, 'duration': 4.723}, {'end': 6349.976, 'text': "I don't know.", 'start': 6349.576, 'duration': 0.4}, {'end': 6354.479, 'text': 'responding to someone making that statement.', 'start': 6351.877, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 6356.94, 'text': 'have you seen what has happened to my city?', 'start': 6354.479, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 6363.445, 'text': 'It used to be that you could go to North Michigan Avenue and you could find, one after another, after another high-end shop.', 'start': 6357.581, 'duration': 5.864}, {'end': 6365.166, 'text': 'This is in Chicago, my hometown.', 'start': 6363.465, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 6371.11, 'text': "And tourists would come and they'd go to the theater and there were restaurants and they'd go out.", 'start': 6366.026, 'duration': 5.084}, {'end': 6372.591, 'text': "They don't do it anymore.", 'start': 6371.43, 'duration': 1.161}], 'summary': 'Discussion on racial inequality and crime in cities, questioning racial labeling and its impact.', 'duration': 132.833, 'max_score': 6239.758, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo6239758.jpg'}, {'end': 6320.509, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6288.226, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 6301.235, 'text': 'has parallels to accusing people of witchcraft because they have views about substantive questions that bear on racial inequality or racial difference,', 'start': 6288.226, 'duration': 13.009}, {'end': 6305.421, 'text': 'that a person finds unacceptable or that a person disagrees with.', 'start': 6301.235, 'duration': 4.186}, {'end': 6307.303, 'text': 'And you think you can shut somebody up.', 'start': 6305.481, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 6319.408, 'text': 'Crime in the cities of Chicago, St. Louis, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Washington DC is out of control.', 'start': 6309.003, 'duration': 10.405}, {'end': 6320.509, 'text': 'some person might say.', 'start': 6319.408, 'duration': 1.101}], 'summary': 'Comparing accusations to witchcraft with views on racial issues; crime surges in chicago, st. louis, baltimore, philadelphia, and washington dc.', 'duration': 32.283, 'max_score': 6288.226, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo6288226.jpg'}, {'end': 6505.318, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6476.212, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 6478.335, 'text': 'They may not even talk about it in public.', 'start': 6476.212, 'duration': 2.123}, {'end': 6481.839, 'text': "You can believe that in private that they're talking about it with each other.", 'start': 6478.815, 'duration': 3.024}, {'end': 6491.832, 'text': 'You had better find a more effective way of dealing with the conflicts in this country that fall along racial fault lines than calling people witches,', 'start': 6482.66, 'duration': 9.172}, {'end': 6492.613, 'text': 'which is what this.', 'start': 6491.832, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 6496.088, 'text': 'you know, anti-racist.', 'start': 6494.687, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 6503.216, 'text': "You're a racist because you think that the out of wedlock birth rate amongst Black Americans is seven babies out of 10 are born to a woman without a husband.", 'start': 6496.108, 'duration': 7.108}, {'end': 6505.318, 'text': 'Their families are falling apart.', 'start': 6503.816, 'duration': 1.502}], 'summary': 'Conflict resolution needed for racial issues, not name-calling. out of wedlock birth rate among black americans: 7 out of 10.', 'duration': 29.106, 'max_score': 6476.212, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo6476212.jpg'}, {'end': 6639.756, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6606.041, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 6609.121, 'text': "but that doesn't necessarily mean that's making progress.", 'start': 6606.041, 'duration': 3.08}, {'end': 6614.902, 'text': 'That they may not, they may actually be bottling up a frustration.', 'start': 6609.822, 'duration': 5.08}, {'end': 6630.769, 'text': "The fear is that that's going to result in a pendulum sort of push back towards this idea of forced anti-racism kind of thing.", 'start': 6614.962, 'duration': 15.807}, {'end': 6633.971, 'text': 'I talk about this often in my pockets.', 'start': 6632.39, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 6635.152, 'text': "That's the Glenn Show.", 'start': 6633.991, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 6639.756, 'text': 'You can find the Glenn Show, my YouTube channel, and also at Substack.', 'start': 6635.893, 'duration': 3.863}], 'summary': 'Concerns about bottling up frustration, potential pushback towards forced anti-racism.', 'duration': 33.715, 'max_score': 6606.041, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo6606041.jpg'}, {'end': 6705.2, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6660.332, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 6664.133, 'text': 'You know, the insistence that you only use certain words, that you only talk in a certain way.', 'start': 6660.332, 'duration': 3.801}, {'end': 6670.116, 'text': "It's a phony kind of power because it doesn't actually persuade people about the issues that are at hand.", 'start': 6665.434, 'duration': 4.682}, {'end': 6675.378, 'text': 'Instead, it forces them underground in their talk about these issues.', 'start': 6670.776, 'duration': 4.602}, {'end': 6675.958, 'text': "And that's..", 'start': 6675.478, 'duration': 0.48}, {'end': 6679.201, 'text': "that's problematic.", 'start': 6678.3, 'duration': 0.901}, {'end': 6705.2, 'text': 'much better that we have overt and explicit and honest disagreement to the extent that there are disagreement about things that are going on than that we have a superficial kind of conversation that is purged of any real biting,', 'start': 6679.201, 'duration': 25.999}], 'summary': 'Insistence on certain words suppresses honest disagreement, leading to superficial conversation.', 'duration': 44.868, 'max_score': 6660.332, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo6660332.jpg'}], 'start': 5331.025, 'title': "Malcolm x's influence and racial dynamics", 'summary': "Highlights malcolm x's influence on self-responsibility, discusses violence and the n-word in america, delves into the nuances of racism in society, and explores racial tensions and political correctness, emphasizing the need for alliance and addressing common concerns among all americans.", 'chapters': [{'end': 5492.848, 'start': 5331.025, 'title': "Malcolm x's influence on self-responsibility", 'summary': "Highlights the influence of malcolm x on self-responsibility and self-empowerment, as demonstrated by the narrator's uncle's bequest of malcolm x's recorded speeches as a means to advocate for self-reliance and determination within the black community.", 'duration': 161.823, 'highlights': ["The narrator's uncle left a bequest of Malcolm X's recorded speeches to advocate for self-reliance, determination, and empowerment within the black community.", "Malcolm X's philosophy emphasized standing up for oneself, taking care of one's own business and children, and resisting dependency on others.", "The spirit of self-defense and preparedness to fight back against oppression was instilled by Malcolm X's teachings, reflecting a determination to defend oneself and take action.", 'The influence of Malcolm X embodied the idea of American patriotism while acknowledging the oppressive history and the need for proactive action, including anger and sometimes violence.', "The narrator's uncle, a businessman, respected Malcolm X's philosophy of self-empowerment, readiness for self-defense, and the need to take action in the face of oppression."]}, {'end': 5967.167, 'start': 5492.848, 'title': 'Violence and the n-word in america', 'summary': "Discusses the ineffectiveness of violent rebellion in today's america, the controversy surrounding the use of the n-word, and the complexities of its meaning and ownership, emphasizing the need for alliance and addressing common concerns among all americans.", 'duration': 474.319, 'highlights': ["The ineffectiveness of violent rebellion in today's America, citing negative impact of the George Floyd protests and the need for alliance and addressing common concerns among all Americans. Negative impact of the George Floyd protests, which became violent and arsonists in the aftermath of civil disturbance, and the emphasis on the need for alliance and addressing common concerns among all Americans.", "Complexities of the N-word's meaning and ownership, including its use as a term of endearment among Black people and the controversy surrounding its use by others. Discussion on the complexities of the N-word's meaning and ownership, including its use as a term of endearment among Black people and the controversy surrounding its use by others.", 'Controversy surrounding the use of the N-word, its symbolic nature, and the prohibition on its use by others, as well as the need for careful and respectful language use. Discussion on the controversy surrounding the use of the N-word, its symbolic nature, and the prohibition on its use by others, as well as the need for careful and respectful language use.', 'The historical context of violent rebellion in America and its decreasing relevance in the early 21st century, emphasizing the need for non-violent approaches to addressing societal issues. Emphasis on the historical context of violent rebellion in America and its decreasing relevance in the early 21st century, emphasizing the need for non-violent approaches to addressing societal issues.']}, {'end': 6387.066, 'start': 5967.167, 'title': 'Racism in society', 'summary': 'Discusses the nuances of racism in society, highlighting the issue of accusing individuals of racism, societal impacts, and the use of epithets to control conversations.', 'duration': 419.899, 'highlights': ['The accusation of racism being a way to attack, to bully, to divide people. The discussion explores how the accusation of racism is used as a weapon to attack, bully, and divide individuals.', 'The chapter discusses the nuances of racism in society, highlighting the issue of accusing individuals of racism, societal impacts, and the use of epithets to control conversations. The transcript delves into the complexities of racism, particularly focusing on the accusation of racism, its societal repercussions, and the use of epithets to manipulate discussions.', "The chapter also touches on the impact of societal events, such as the aftermath of George Floyd's death, and its effects on the city of Chicago. It mentions the impact of societal events, specifically referencing the aftermath of George Floyd's death and its repercussions on the city of Chicago."]}, {'end': 6848.458, 'start': 6387.206, 'title': 'Racial tensions and political correctness', 'summary': 'Discusses the ineffectiveness of labeling people as racist, the futility of superficial diversity and inclusion efforts, and the consequences of censoring public discussions on racial issues, highlighting the lack of real progress and the potential for increased resentment and backlash.', 'duration': 461.252, 'highlights': ['Labeling people as racist is ineffective in addressing racial tensions and changing minds, leading to potential backlash and resentment.', 'Superficial diversity and inclusion efforts, such as meetings and education, may not lead to real progress and can result in bottled-up frustration and a potential pushback towards forced anti-racism.', 'Censoring public discussions on racial issues through political correctness and linguistic policing can lead to superficial politeness but a subterranean, seething resentment, making matters worse.', 'The reality of violent crime in Black communities is a significant issue that needs to be openly addressed and discussed, as enforcing closure on public discussion does not change the reality.', 'A single accusation of racism or other misconduct can have significant consequences, as seen in the Johnny Depp trial, where the world believed the accusation without proof, demonstrating the effectiveness of such attacks.']}], 'duration': 1517.433, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo5331025.jpg', 'highlights': ["Malcolm X's philosophy emphasized self-reliance, determination, and empowerment within the black community.", 'The influence of Malcolm X embodied the idea of American patriotism while acknowledging the oppressive history and the need for proactive action.', "The spirit of self-defense and preparedness to fight back against oppression was instilled by Malcolm X's teachings, reflecting a determination to defend oneself and take action.", 'The accusation of racism is used as a weapon to attack, bully, and divide individuals.', 'The chapter discusses the nuances of racism in society, highlighting the issue of accusing individuals of racism, societal impacts, and the use of epithets to control conversations.', "The ineffectiveness of violent rebellion in today's America, citing negative impact of the George Floyd protests and the need for alliance and addressing common concerns among all Americans.", 'The historical context of violent rebellion in America and its decreasing relevance in the early 21st century, emphasizing the need for non-violent approaches to addressing societal issues.', 'Labeling people as racist is ineffective in addressing racial tensions and changing minds, leading to potential backlash and resentment.', 'Superficial diversity and inclusion efforts may not lead to real progress and can result in bottled-up frustration and a potential pushback towards forced anti-racism.', 'Censoring public discussions on racial issues through political correctness and linguistic policing can lead to superficial politeness but a subterranean, seething resentment, making matters worse.']}, {'end': 7549.966, 'segs': [{'end': 6906.737, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6849.659, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6855.868, 'text': "So how do you fight back if it's so damn effective that you can just call anybody racist? And it works.", 'start': 6849.659, 'duration': 6.209}, {'end': 6857.971, 'text': "It's hard to wash off.", 'start': 6857.029, 'duration': 0.942}, {'end': 6868.701, 'text': "You're not proven in the court of law or anything like that.", 'start': 6865.819, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 6878.45, 'text': 'but we get those articles, we get that label, and then the world moves on and just assumes that person is racist.', 'start': 6868.701, 'duration': 9.749}, {'end': 6882.059, 'text': "Do you have any ideas how to fight back? No, I don't, frankly.", 'start': 6878.47, 'duration': 3.589}, {'end': 6887.803, 'text': 'Was it Roseanne Barr who made the statement about Valerie Jarrett?', 'start': 6882.079, 'duration': 5.724}, {'end': 6894.128, 'text': "She made some kind of ape-like reference to the whatever and her show got canceled, and she's a racist.", 'start': 6888.203, 'duration': 5.925}, {'end': 6901.433, 'text': 'So first of all, pointing it out, I suppose, is one of the most powerful things, the hypocrisy of it.', 'start': 6894.848, 'duration': 6.585}, {'end': 6905.196, 'text': 'You say it works.', 'start': 6904.436, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 6906.737, 'text': "I guess you're right.", 'start': 6906.077, 'duration': 0.66}], 'summary': 'Challenging false accusations of racism can be challenging as public perception can be influenced by allegations without legal proof, as exemplified by the case of roseanne barr and valerie jarrett.', 'duration': 57.078, 'max_score': 6849.659, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo6849659.jpg'}, {'end': 7241.777, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7215.016, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 7221.97, 'text': 'And to the extent that the view is very widespread but is kept under wraps, an explosion could happen.', 'start': 7215.016, 'duration': 6.954}, {'end': 7231.653, 'text': 'And you can look up at tomorrow and have a very different country than you had today, because the conspiracy of silence, the spiral of silence,', 'start': 7222.01, 'duration': 9.643}, {'end': 7241.777, 'text': 'ends up getting unraveled by somebody who steps out away from the consensus, dares to take the slings and arrows of exposing themselves as a naysayer,', 'start': 7231.653, 'duration': 10.124}], 'summary': 'Conspiracy of silence can lead to explosive change if someone steps out from the consensus.', 'duration': 26.761, 'max_score': 7215.016, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo7215016.jpg'}, {'end': 7370.421, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7340.339, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7356.296, 'text': 'the people on the left are very upset about the possibility that Elon Musk and Twitter will be more open to provocative public speech that has heretofore been banned or suppressed.', 'start': 7340.339, 'duration': 15.957}, {'end': 7362.399, 'text': 'And I think they might be right to be concerned that that could happen.', 'start': 7357.597, 'duration': 4.802}, {'end': 7370.421, 'text': "I don't know enough about the technology and about the market to really I mean social media and whatnot.", 'start': 7363.219, 'duration': 7.202}], 'summary': "Concerns about elon musk and twitter's openness to provocative speech", 'duration': 30.082, 'max_score': 7340.339, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo7340339.jpg'}, {'end': 7506.591, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7471.92, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 7483.539, 'text': "And it's fascinating within that domain, how do you allow for free speech, not allow for free speech, encourage free speech, defend free speech and,", 'start': 7471.92, 'duration': 11.619}, {'end': 7498.665, 'text': 'at the same time, manage millions of ongoing conversations from just becoming insanely chaotic? sort of from Twitter perspective.', 'start': 7483.539, 'duration': 15.126}, {'end': 7504.63, 'text': 'they want people to be happy to grow to actually have difficult, critical conversations.', 'start': 7498.665, 'duration': 5.965}, {'end': 7506.591, 'text': 'And they, you know.', 'start': 7505.45, 'duration': 1.141}], 'summary': 'Managing millions of conversations while encouraging free speech on twitter.', 'duration': 34.671, 'max_score': 7471.92, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo7471920.jpg'}], 'start': 6849.659, 'title': 'Impact of false racism claims', 'summary': "Explores the impact of false racism claims, highlighting the challenges in combatting them and discussing the 'spiral of silence' concept in society. it also delves into the potential impact of free speech and social media platforms like twitter in challenging this dynamic.", 'chapters': [{'end': 6906.737, 'start': 6849.659, 'title': 'Combatting false racism claims', 'summary': "Discusses the impact of false racism claims and the challenges in fighting back, highlighting the case of roseanne barr's controversial statement and the power of pointing out hypocrisy.", 'duration': 57.078, 'highlights': ["Pointing out the hypocrisy of false racism claims is a powerful strategy in fighting back, as demonstrated by the case of Roseanne Barr's controversial statement about Valerie Jarrett.", "The effectiveness of falsely labeling someone as racist is highlighted, as the label tends to stick and shape public perception, as seen in the aftermath of Roseanne Barr's statement about Valerie Jarrett.", 'The difficulty in combating false racism claims is acknowledged, with the speaker expressing uncertainty about effective strategies to fight back.']}, {'end': 7549.966, 'start': 6906.817, 'title': 'Spiral of silence and free speech', 'summary': "Discusses the concept of the 'spiral of silence' in society, where certain views are suppressed due to fear of ostracization, and the potential impact of free speech and social media platforms like twitter in challenging this dynamic, also highlighting the challenges of managing free speech while preventing chaos.", 'duration': 643.149, 'highlights': ["The 'Spiral of Silence' in society leads to the suppression of certain views due to fear of ostracization. The concept of 'Spiral of Silence' is explained, where views are suppressed due to fear of shame and ostracization, leading to a situation where widespread but suppressed views could potentially lead to an explosion.", "The potential impact of free speech and social media platforms like Twitter in challenging the 'Spiral of Silence' dynamic. The discussion explores the potential of figures like Elon Musk and Twitter in promoting free speech, challenging the suppression of certain views, and raising concerns about managing free speech in social media platforms.", 'Challenges of managing free speech while preventing chaos in social media platforms like Twitter. The complexities of managing free speech in social media platforms are discussed, including the difficulties in distinguishing between misinformation and healthy conversations, and the potential for misuse of power in labeling content as misinformation.']}], 'duration': 700.307, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo6849659.jpg', 'highlights': ["Pointing out the hypocrisy of false racism claims is a powerful strategy in fighting back, as demonstrated by the case of Roseanne Barr's controversial statement about Valerie Jarrett.", "The 'Spiral of Silence' in society leads to the suppression of certain views due to fear of ostracization. The concept of 'Spiral of Silence' is explained, where views are suppressed due to fear of shame and ostracization, leading to a situation where widespread but suppressed views could potentially lead to an explosion.", "The effectiveness of falsely labeling someone as racist is highlighted, as the label tends to stick and shape public perception, as seen in the aftermath of Roseanne Barr's statement about Valerie Jarrett.", "The potential impact of free speech and social media platforms like Twitter in challenging the 'Spiral of Silence' dynamic. The discussion explores the potential of figures like Elon Musk and Twitter in promoting free speech, challenging the suppression of certain views, and raising concerns about managing free speech in social media platforms.", 'The difficulty in combating false racism claims is acknowledged, with the speaker expressing uncertainty about effective strategies to fight back.', 'Challenges of managing free speech while preventing chaos in social media platforms like Twitter. The complexities of managing free speech in social media platforms are discussed, including the difficulties in distinguishing between misinformation and healthy conversations, and the potential for misuse of power in labeling content as misinformation.']}, {'end': 8228.469, 'segs': [{'end': 7676.141, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7646.626, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 7655.775, 'text': 'to doing research and to teaching in a environment of free inquiry and civil discourse.', 'start': 7646.626, 'duration': 9.149}, {'end': 7662.878, 'text': 'So free inquiry means you go wherever the evidence and your imagination may lead you.', 'start': 7657.116, 'duration': 5.762}, {'end': 7670.32, 'text': "And civil discourse means that you exchange arguments with people when you don't agree with them on behalf of trying to get to the bottom of things.", 'start': 7663.598, 'duration': 6.722}, {'end': 7676.141, 'text': 'I think the university is a magnificent institution.', 'start': 7672.44, 'duration': 3.701}], 'summary': 'University promotes free inquiry and civil discourse for research and teaching.', 'duration': 29.515, 'max_score': 7646.626, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo7646626.jpg'}, {'end': 7745.74, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7695.59, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7707.177, 'text': 'where new knowledge is created and where young people are equipped to answer questions that are open questions about our existence in the world that we live in.', 'start': 7695.59, 'duration': 11.587}, {'end': 7711.903, 'text': 'You can trace to the university much, if not most,', 'start': 7708.061, 'duration': 3.842}, {'end': 7720.527, 'text': 'of the advances in technology and resourcefulness and our understanding of the origins of the species, of the nature, of the universe, cosmology,', 'start': 7711.903, 'duration': 8.624}, {'end': 7728.47, 'text': 'et cetera, science, the pursuit of humanistic understanding, the nurturing of traditions of inquisitiveness.', 'start': 7720.527, 'duration': 7.943}, {'end': 7729.371, 'text': "That's the university.", 'start': 7728.49, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 7731.512, 'text': 'Barbarians are at the gates.', 'start': 7730.491, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 7745.74, 'text': 'The people who are trying to shut down open inquiry at the university on behalf of their particular view about things are a threat to what the university stands for and they should be resisted.', 'start': 7732.984, 'duration': 12.756}], 'summary': 'Universities drive advances in knowledge and technology, facing threats to open inquiry.', 'duration': 50.15, 'max_score': 7695.59, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo7695590.jpg'}, {'end': 7941.86, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7890.829, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7896.873, 'text': "I'm just saying, The tendency to try to say, oh no, that person is a climate denier.", 'start': 7890.829, 'duration': 6.044}, {'end': 7903.538, 'text': "They can't pursue that area of inquiry is against the spirit of the university.", 'start': 7896.933, 'duration': 6.605}, {'end': 7915.328, 'text': 'I think the barbarians at the gates has to do with the people who think they know what the right side of history is and try to make the university stand on the right side of history.', 'start': 7904.82, 'duration': 10.508}, {'end': 7920.012, 'text': "My position is you don't know what the right side of history is.", 'start': 7916.629, 'duration': 3.383}, {'end': 7927.465, 'text': 'And the purpose of a university is to equip you to be able to think about what is the right side of history?', 'start': 7921.178, 'duration': 6.287}, {'end': 7936.375, 'text': 'What is the solution to the dilemmas that confront us as human beings living on this planet with the billions that we are in,', 'start': 7927.765, 'duration': 8.61}, {'end': 7941.86, 'text': 'the condition that we are? So the identitarians?', 'start': 7936.375, 'duration': 5.485}], 'summary': 'University should not restrict inquiry; purpose is to equip for critical thinking and problem-solving.', 'duration': 51.031, 'max_score': 7890.829, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo7890829.jpg'}, {'end': 8096.836, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8067.402, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 8078.922, 'text': 'there needs to be a redistribution of power to what makes universities beautiful, which is the Old students and the young students,', 'start': 8067.402, 'duration': 11.52}, {'end': 8081.704, 'text': 'old students being professors.', 'start': 8078.922, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 8091.432, 'text': 'So the scholars, the curious minds, the people that are in this whole thing to explore the world, to be curious about it,', 'start': 8082.304, 'duration': 9.128}, {'end': 8094.274, 'text': "on a salary that's probably way too low for the thing they're doing.", 'start': 8091.432, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 8096.836, 'text': "That's the whole point.", 'start': 8095.095, 'duration': 1.741}], 'summary': 'Redistribute power to old and young students, including professors, to foster curiosity and exploration. address low salaries.', 'duration': 29.434, 'max_score': 8067.402, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo8067402.jpg'}, {'end': 8174.122, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8148.563, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 8155.929, 'text': "It's like you're rationalizing the disparity of outcomes by reference to the intrinsic inferiority of black people.", 'start': 8148.563, 'duration': 7.366}, {'end': 8160.933, 'text': 'If you say cognitive ability matters, for social outcomes.', 'start': 8155.989, 'duration': 4.944}, {'end': 8166.657, 'text': 'If you say cognitive ability exists, people really are different in terms of their intellectual functioning.', 'start': 8160.993, 'duration': 5.664}, {'end': 8174.122, 'text': 'And if you say cognitive ability differences are substantial between racially defined populations.', 'start': 8167.277, 'duration': 6.845}], 'summary': 'Reference to cognitive ability differences between racially defined populations.', 'duration': 25.559, 'max_score': 8148.563, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo8148563.jpg'}], 'start': 7549.966, 'title': 'Threats to universities and freedom of inquiry', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of free inquiry in universities, highlighting threats they face and advocating for a redistribution of power within university administrations to advance human knowledge.', 'chapters': [{'end': 7819.858, 'start': 7549.966, 'title': 'Threats to universities and free inquiry', 'summary': 'Discusses the threats to universities, emphasizing the importance of free inquiry and civil discourse, and the need to resist attempts to shut down open inquiry. it also highlights the role of universities in advancing human knowledge and the challenges they face from those trying to impose their particular views.', 'duration': 269.892, 'highlights': ['The significance of universities in advancing human knowledge and nurturing human ingenuity. The universities are places where human ingenuity is nurtured, new knowledge is created, and young people are equipped to answer open questions about our existence in the world. They have contributed to most advances in technology, resourcefulness, and our understanding of various fields.', 'The importance of free inquiry and civil discourse in universities, and the need to resist attempts to shut down open inquiry. The chapter emphasizes the dedication of universities to the pursuit of truth, education, and nurturing of young people through free inquiry and civil discourse. It highlights the threat posed by those trying to shut down open inquiry and the need to resist such attempts.', 'The threats facing universities from those imposing their particular views and attempting to shut down open inquiry. The chapter discusses the threat universities face from individuals or groups trying to shut down open inquiry by imposing their particular views. It emphasizes the need to resist such attempts to maintain the integrity of universities as institutions dedicated to free inquiry and civil discourse.']}, {'end': 8228.469, 'start': 7820.358, 'title': 'Freedom of inquiry in universities', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of allowing freedom of inquiry in universities, addressing issues around race, climate, and identity, and advocating for a redistribution of power within university administrations.', 'duration': 408.111, 'highlights': ["The tendency to try to shut down certain areas of inquiry in universities, such as climate change, is against the spirit of the university. The speaker argues that attempting to label individuals as 'climate deniers' and preventing them from pursuing areas of inquiry goes against the essence of a university.", 'Advocating for the university to equip individuals to think critically about dilemmas and solutions, rather than aligning with a particular side of history or identity. The purpose of a university, according to the speaker, is to enable people to think critically about what is the right side of history and the solutions to the dilemmas facing humanity.', 'Suggesting a need for a redistribution of power within university administrations, emphasizing the importance of faculty and students over an overgrowing administration. The speaker argues for a reduction in the overreach of university administrations and a redistribution of power to prioritize the role of faculty and students in shaping the university environment.', 'Discussing the sensitivity and potential misuse of research on cognitive inequalities, particularly regarding racial differences in cognitive ability. The chapter delves into the contentious nature of research on cognitive inequalities, highlighting the potential for such research to be misused and the sensitivity around discussing racial differences in cognitive ability.']}], 'duration': 678.503, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo7549966.jpg', 'highlights': ['The universities are places where human ingenuity is nurtured, new knowledge is created, and young people are equipped to answer open questions about our existence in the world.', 'The importance of free inquiry and civil discourse in universities, and the need to resist attempts to shut down open inquiry.', 'The threats facing universities from those imposing their particular views and attempting to shut down open inquiry.', 'The purpose of a university is to enable people to think critically about what is the right side of history and the solutions to the dilemmas facing humanity.', 'Suggesting a need for a redistribution of power within university administrations, emphasizing the importance of faculty and students over an overgrowing administration.', 'Discussing the sensitivity and potential misuse of research on cognitive inequalities, particularly regarding racial differences in cognitive ability.', 'The tendency to try to shut down certain areas of inquiry in universities, such as climate change, is against the spirit of the university.']}, {'end': 9538.692, 'segs': [{'end': 8285.749, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8252.721, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 8260.723, 'text': 'The cognitive psychologists talk about G, the general intelligence factor, which is a statistical construction.', 'start': 8252.721, 'duration': 8.002}, {'end': 8270.706, 'text': "It's a factor analytic resolution of the correlation across individuals in their performance on a battery, a different kind of test,", 'start': 8261.463, 'duration': 9.243}, {'end': 8285.749, 'text': 'and they use that to to define a general factor of intelligence and a person could say that is a very narrow view of what human mental capacities actually are and that,', 'start': 8270.706, 'duration': 15.043}], 'summary': 'Cognitive psychologists discuss g, a statistical construction for defining general intelligence factor.', 'duration': 33.028, 'max_score': 8252.721, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo8252721.jpg'}, {'end': 8490.992, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8445.746, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8451.448, 'text': "Yes, social outcomes are influenced by so-called cognitive ability, but they're influenced by many other things as well.", 'start': 8445.746, 'duration': 5.702}, {'end': 8456.706, 'text': 'If there are interventions that can be undertaken in society,', 'start': 8452.463, 'duration': 4.243}, {'end': 8462.03, 'text': 'that level the playing field between people who have different natural endowments of cognitive ability.', 'start': 8456.706, 'duration': 5.324}, {'end': 8467.113, 'text': 'the fact that people or groups differ in cognitive ability, becomes less significant.', 'start': 8462.03, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 8476.38, 'text': "Just like it's less significant that people differ with respect to how well they see when corrective lenses allow for the leveling of that playing field.", 'start': 8467.594, 'duration': 8.786}, {'end': 8480.803, 'text': 'there are, in fact, interventions educational interventions,', 'start': 8477, 'duration': 3.803}, {'end': 8487.289, 'text': 'early childhood interventions that have been shown to level the playing field to create better life outcomes for people,', 'start': 8480.803, 'duration': 6.486}, {'end': 8490.992, 'text': 'even if they happen to be endowed with low intelligence.', 'start': 8487.289, 'duration': 3.703}], 'summary': 'Educational interventions can level the playing field and improve life outcomes, regardless of natural cognitive ability differences.', 'duration': 45.246, 'max_score': 8445.746, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo8445746.jpg'}, {'end': 8757.75, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8727.669, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8732.653, 'text': 'at the end of the day for humankind, denying ourselves the potential benefits of that kind of inquiry.', 'start': 8727.669, 'duration': 4.984}, {'end': 8737.055, 'text': 'I think we need to take our chances with inquiry rather than to try to control it.', 'start': 8733.153, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 8742.219, 'text': 'And I feel that way about the exploration of human intelligence as much as anything else.', 'start': 8737.075, 'duration': 5.144}, {'end': 8750.605, 'text': "So you've asked me to steel man the case against research on IQ of the sort that Charles Murray is famous for popularizing.", 'start': 8742.879, 'duration': 7.726}, {'end': 8757.75, 'text': "And I've said, A, your measure of intelligence is single dimensional and it ought to be multidimensional.", 'start': 8751.245, 'duration': 6.505}], 'summary': 'Supports multidimensional research on human intelligence to unlock potential benefits.', 'duration': 30.081, 'max_score': 8727.669, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo8727669.jpg'}, {'end': 8821.184, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8765.916, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 8774.52, 'text': 'but also on the environment and the potential for intervening in that environment through one or another instrument,', 'start': 8765.916, 'duration': 8.604}, {'end': 8784.583, 'text': 'as the metaphorical example of the use of corrective lenses to level the playing field between people with different visual acuity indicates.', 'start': 8774.52, 'duration': 10.063}, {'end': 8797.311, 'text': "But finally, I've said, Yes, research on racial differences in IQ can foster political beliefs that we would regard to be noxious.", 'start': 8785.063, 'duration': 12.248}, {'end': 8799.614, 'text': 'On the other hand,', 'start': 8798.413, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 8812.86, 'text': "to presume that what we don't know yet and might find out from the research is gonna be harmful is to assume a kind of presumption or of knowing what the outcome of unknown processes might be,", 'start': 8799.614, 'duration': 13.246}, {'end': 8819.203, 'text': "which we ought to be very slow to embrace, because if we had done so in the past, we wouldn't have nuclear power.", 'start': 8812.86, 'duration': 6.343}, {'end': 8821.184, 'text': "There's a lot of things that we wouldn't know.", 'start': 8820.003, 'duration': 1.181}], 'summary': 'Research on racial differences in iq can foster harmful political beliefs, but presuming harm from unknown findings is premature.', 'duration': 55.268, 'max_score': 8765.916, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo8765916.jpg'}, {'end': 9226.104, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9203.047, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 9216.817, 'text': 'You can only have a social safety net for a bounded population who have a sense of common membership in an ongoing political enterprise which they pay their dues through their taxes in order to sustain it.', 'start': 9203.047, 'duration': 13.77}, {'end': 9218.859, 'text': "There's a balancing that has to go on.", 'start': 9216.917, 'duration': 1.942}, {'end': 9221.48, 'text': "So that's the first thing that I would say about my politics.", 'start': 9218.899, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 9223.862, 'text': "I'm a neoliberal economist.", 'start': 9222.201, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 9225.023, 'text': 'I believe in markets.', 'start': 9224.062, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 9226.104, 'text': 'I believe in prices.', 'start': 9225.163, 'duration': 0.941}], 'summary': 'Neoliberal economist advocates for social safety net and market principles.', 'duration': 23.057, 'max_score': 9203.047, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo9203047.jpg'}, {'end': 9340.844, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9314.949, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 9322.713, 'text': "The identity, the struggle that we've been talking about of what it means to sort of empower humans that make up this great country.", 'start': 9314.949, 'duration': 7.764}, {'end': 9324.394, 'text': 'Do they collide?', 'start': 9323.634, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 9325.455, 'text': 'and where do they collide?', 'start': 9324.394, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 9327.956, 'text': 'Well, markets are going to produce.', 'start': 9326.315, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 9334.52, 'text': 'inequality and all men being equal is a statement about the intrinsic worth of people,', 'start': 9327.956, 'duration': 6.564}, {'end': 9340.844, 'text': 'not about the situation that will come about when people interact with each other through markets, because people are actually different.', 'start': 9334.52, 'duration': 6.324}], 'summary': 'The conversation delves into the struggle of empowering individuals in a diverse society, addressing market production and inequality.', 'duration': 25.895, 'max_score': 9314.949, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo9314949.jpg'}], 'start': 8228.629, 'title': 'Human mental capacities and influencing factors', 'summary': "Discusses the limitations of measuring intelligence with iq tests, advocates a multi-dimensional approach, argues for factors beyond cognitive ability, such as visual acuity, suggests interventions like educational programs, debates ethical considerations of scientific research, and delves into the speaker's political and economic views.", 'chapters': [{'end': 8344.549, 'start': 8228.629, 'title': 'Cognitive ability and intelligence', 'summary': 'Discusses the limitations of measuring intelligence using a single cognitive ability measure, like iq tests, and advocates for a multi-dimensional approach to understanding human mental capacities and functioning.', 'duration': 115.92, 'highlights': ['Cognitive psychologists define G as the general intelligence factor, which is a narrow view of human mental capacities compared to multi-dimensional measures.', 'Intelligence involves a complex management of different dimensions of human performance, including perseverance and impulse control.', 'IQ tests are limited in measuring other kinds of human capacities pertinent to success in life, like emotional intelligence and temperament.']}, {'end': 8629.741, 'start': 8344.589, 'title': 'Challenging racial differences in cognitive ability', 'summary': 'Argues that social outcomes are influenced by many factors beyond cognitive ability, such as visual acuity, and suggests that interventions like educational and early childhood programs can level the playing field and improve life outcomes, regardless of natural endowments of cognitive ability.', 'duration': 285.152, 'highlights': ['Interventions like educational and early childhood programs can level the playing field and improve life outcomes, regardless of natural endowments of cognitive ability The chapter suggests that interventions can level the playing field and improve life outcomes for people, even if they are endowed with low intelligence.', 'Social outcomes are influenced by many factors beyond cognitive ability, such as visual acuity The argument emphasizes that social outcomes are influenced by factors beyond cognitive ability, such as visual acuity, which varies between individuals and can be measured.', 'Challenging the notion that racial differences in cognitive ability are significant The chapter challenges the significance of racial differences in cognitive ability by suggesting that social interventions can level the playing field, especially for the poor.']}, {'end': 8821.184, 'start': 8629.761, 'title': 'Ethics of scientific research', 'summary': 'Discusses the ethical considerations of scientific research, emphasizing the potential benefits and risks of pursuing knowledge, and the need to balance regulation with the preservation of inquiry and exploration.', 'duration': 191.423, 'highlights': ['The potential benefits and risks of scientific research are discussed, highlighting the ethical dilemma of pursuing knowledge that could lead to both positive outcomes such as curing cancer and negative consequences like the development of nuclear weapons.', 'The importance of balancing regulation with the preservation of inquiry and exploration is emphasized, advocating for the need to take chances with inquiry rather than trying to control it, to avoid ignorance and impoverishment.', 'The need to consider multidimensional measures of intelligence, the influence of environment, and the potential benefits of research, despite the possible fostering of noxious political beliefs, when exploring racial differences in IQ is highlighted.', 'The caution against presuming the harmful outcomes of unknown processes and the historical examples of discoveries like nuclear power that were initially unknown are emphasized, advocating for a slow embrace of presumptions regarding potential harm.']}, {'end': 9538.692, 'start': 8821.204, 'title': 'Debates on politics and economics', 'summary': "Delves into the speaker's views on politics and economics, discussing his conservative-leaning stance and neoliberal economic beliefs, emphasizing the benefits of capitalism, free enterprise, and the need for a social safety net, while acknowledging the collision of market ideals with the concept of equality.", 'duration': 717.488, 'highlights': ['The speaker discusses his neoliberal economic beliefs, emphasizing the benefits of capitalism and free enterprise, and the need for a social safety net. The speaker outlines his training as a neoliberal economist, advocating for the virtues of capitalism, free enterprise, and the need for a social safety net, stressing the importance of extending decent access to healthcare and education to all people.', "The collision of market ideals with the concept of equality is addressed, acknowledging that markets inevitably produce inequality despite the intrinsic worth of individuals. The speaker acknowledges the collision of market ideals with the concept of equality, recognizing that markets inevitably produce inequality despite the intrinsic worth of individuals, attributing disparities to factors beyond one's control such as luck and chance.", "The speaker discusses his evolution from being a liberal Democrat to adopting conservative-leaning views influenced by his training in economics and encounters with the Reagan Revolution. The speaker reflects on his evolution from being a liberal Democrat to adopting conservative-leaning views influenced by his training in economics and encounters with the Reagan Revolution, particularly admiring the supply-siders' approach of reducing government intervention and addressing concerns about the welfare state and national debt."]}], 'duration': 1310.063, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo8228629.jpg', 'highlights': ['Interventions like educational and early childhood programs can level the playing field and improve life outcomes, regardless of natural endowments of cognitive ability', 'The importance of balancing regulation with the preservation of inquiry and exploration is emphasized, advocating for the need to take chances with inquiry rather than trying to control it, to avoid ignorance and impoverishment', 'The speaker discusses his neoliberal economic beliefs, emphasizing the benefits of capitalism and free enterprise, and the need for a social safety net', 'Cognitive psychologists define G as the general intelligence factor, which is a narrow view of human mental capacities compared to multi-dimensional measures', 'The caution against presuming the harmful outcomes of unknown processes and the historical examples of discoveries like nuclear power that were initially unknown are emphasized, advocating for a slow embrace of presumptions regarding potential harm', 'Social outcomes are influenced by many factors beyond cognitive ability, such as visual acuity', 'The need to consider multidimensional measures of intelligence, the influence of environment, and the potential benefits of research, despite the possible fostering of noxious political beliefs, when exploring racial differences in IQ is highlighted', 'The collision of market ideals with the concept of equality is addressed, acknowledging that markets inevitably produce inequality despite the intrinsic worth of individuals']}, {'end': 10604.949, 'segs': [{'end': 9702.073, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9674.685, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 9677.347, 'text': 'So the African-American family is in trouble.', 'start': 9674.685, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 9688.815, 'text': 'I think I can demonstrate that by reference to high rates of marital dissolution, uh, by high rates of birth to, uh, out of wedlock and so forth.', 'start': 9677.788, 'duration': 11.027}, {'end': 9693.819, 'text': "Um, you can't even say that the African-American family is in trouble.", 'start': 9689.736, 'duration': 4.083}, {'end': 9702.073, 'text': 'Violence Homicide is an order of magnitude more prevalent amongst African-Americans than it is in the society as a whole.', 'start': 9694.82, 'duration': 7.253}], 'summary': 'High rates of marital dissolution and out-of-wedlock births show the african-american family is in trouble, with violence and homicide more prevalent in the community.', 'duration': 27.388, 'max_score': 9674.685, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo9674685.jpg'}, {'end': 9748.472, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9728.017, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 9737.604, 'text': 'which is only partly a consequence of the natural intelligence of people and largely a consequence of how people spend their time, what they value,', 'start': 9728.017, 'duration': 9.587}, {'end': 9747.591, 'text': 'how they discipline themselves, what they do with their opportunities, how parents raise their children, what peer groups value,', 'start': 9738.565, 'duration': 9.026}, {'end': 9748.472, 'text': 'and things of this kind.', 'start': 9747.591, 'duration': 0.881}], 'summary': 'Success is largely a result of time management, values, discipline, and upbringing.', 'duration': 20.455, 'max_score': 9728.017, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo9728017.jpg'}, {'end': 9812.077, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9786.01, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 9797.52, 'text': 'into an organized apologia for the failures of African-Americans to seize the opportunities that exist for us now in the 21st century,', 'start': 9786.01, 'duration': 11.51}, {'end': 9801.123, 'text': 'but did not exist in the first half of the 20th century.', 'start': 9797.52, 'duration': 3.603}, {'end': 9809.956, 'text': 'The way in which the civil rights movement has become an avoidance mechanism for us, not taking we African-Americans responsible.', 'start': 9801.163, 'duration': 8.793}, {'end': 9812.077, 'text': "this is Glenn Lowry, not everybody's gonna agree with.", 'start': 9809.956, 'duration': 2.121}], 'summary': 'Glenn lowry discusses african-american failures in seizing opportunities in the 21st century due to reliance on the civil rights movement.', 'duration': 26.067, 'max_score': 9786.01, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo9786010.jpg'}, {'end': 9875.953, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9844.841, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 9852.004, 'text': 'I mean higher education, MIT, Caltech, Stanford, where the future is happening.', 'start': 9844.841, 'duration': 7.163}, {'end': 9861.987, 'text': 'That is about mastery over the achievements of human civilization such as they manifest themselves in the 21st century.', 'start': 9853.823, 'duration': 8.164}, {'end': 9867.269, 'text': "There's no substitute for actually acquiring mastery over the material.", 'start': 9862.107, 'duration': 5.162}, {'end': 9869.47, 'text': "There's no substitute for that.", 'start': 9867.289, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 9875.953, 'text': 'To be patronized, to have the standards lowered, they want to get rid of the test.', 'start': 9870.29, 'duration': 5.663}], 'summary': 'Mit, caltech, and stanford emphasize mastery of 21st-century achievements in higher education.', 'duration': 31.112, 'max_score': 9844.841, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo9844841.jpg'}, {'end': 10053.376, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10025.326, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 10030.229, 'text': "Let me ask you, I know you said you're angry.", 'start': 10025.326, 'duration': 4.903}, {'end': 10034.021, 'text': 'or dislike affirmative action.', 'start': 10032.359, 'duration': 1.662}, {'end': 10038.925, 'text': 'Let me ask you about something that even to my ear cut wrong.', 'start': 10034.141, 'duration': 4.784}, {'end': 10042.108, 'text': "Now I'm relatively apolitical.", 'start': 10038.945, 'duration': 3.163}, {'end': 10053.376, 'text': 'So President Biden, when he was running for president, gave a campaign, promised that he will nominate a black woman to the US Supreme Court,', 'start': 10042.128, 'duration': 11.248}], 'summary': 'Biden promised to nominate a black woman to the us supreme court.', 'duration': 28.05, 'max_score': 10025.326, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo10025326.jpg'}, {'end': 10457.118, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10423.195, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 10424.136, 'text': "I think he's a great man.", 'start': 10423.195, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 10436.978, 'text': "I think Thomas Sowell, regardless of his race, he's Black, is one of the 100 most significant economists of the 20th century.", 'start': 10425.476, 'duration': 11.502}, {'end': 10449.054, 'text': 'He has chosen as his subject a substantial part of his subject to investigate the deep causes and consequences of racial disparity of one kind or another.', 'start': 10437.918, 'duration': 11.136}, {'end': 10455.157, 'text': "He's written fundamental books about that, many of them.", 'start': 10449.755, 'duration': 5.402}, {'end': 10457.118, 'text': "He's a social philosopher.", 'start': 10455.778, 'duration': 1.34}], 'summary': 'Thomas sowell, a significant economist, investigates racial disparity with numerous fundamental books.', 'duration': 33.923, 'max_score': 10423.195, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo10423195.jpg'}], 'start': 9539.132, 'title': 'Market influence and affirmative action challenges', 'summary': 'Delves into the significance of market influence on society, including the repercussions of disregarding market signals, and discusses the challenges of affirmative action, emphasizing the importance of merit-based competition and critiquing the focus on diversity and inclusion over qualifications.', 'chapters': [{'end': 9844.181, 'start': 9539.132, 'title': 'Influence of markets on society', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of market influence on society, highlighting the consequences of disregarding market signals, the impact on economic benefits, and the racial disparities in education and family structure.', 'duration': 305.049, 'highlights': ['The African-American family is in trouble with high rates of marital dissolution and out-of-wedlock births, contributing to violence and homicide being an order of magnitude more prevalent in African-American communities.', 'Racial disparities in education are attributed to differences in the development of intellectual performance, largely influenced by factors such as time management, values, discipline, and parental involvement, rather than intrinsic intelligence.', 'The chapter emphasizes the failure of centralized planning and resource allocation in the developing world during the post-colonial period, leading to stagnation and economic attenuation, highlighting the importance of market responsiveness.', "The evolution of the Civil Rights Movement into an organized apologia for the failures of African-Americans to seize existing opportunities in the 21st century, instead of taking responsibility, is discussed, reflecting the author's conservative views."]}, {'end': 10289.093, 'start': 9844.841, 'title': 'Challenges of affirmative action', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges of affirmative action, emphasizing the importance of merit-based competition in higher education and criticizing the focus on diversity and inclusion over qualifications, while questioning the impact of identity politics in the supreme court nomination process.', 'duration': 444.252, 'highlights': ['The importance of merit-based competition in higher education is emphasized, criticizing the focus on diversity and inclusion over qualifications. The speaker argues for the significance of acquiring mastery over material and opposes the lowering of standards and the use of affirmative action as a substitute for the actual development of competitive capacities.', "Criticizing the impact of identity politics in the Supreme Court nomination process. The speaker expresses disapproval of President Biden's approach to nominating a black woman to the Supreme Court, emphasizing the need for qualifications over identity politics and disliking the pandering and treating the community like children.", "Questioning the impact of diversity and inclusion over qualifications in the Supreme Court nomination process. The speaker questions the emphasis on the nominee's race and gender, expressing the importance of focusing on the nature and future of the law, especially given the conservative-liberal composition of the Supreme Court."]}, {'end': 10604.949, 'start': 10289.733, 'title': "Biden's political strategy and thomas sowell's influence", 'summary': "Discusses joe biden's political strategy to appeal to black voters and challenges the infantilization of african american politics, while also delving into the influential work of economist thomas sowell and his impact on racial disparity and economic ideas.", 'duration': 315.216, 'highlights': ["Thomas Sowell's influential work on racial disparity and economic ideas Sowell's significant impact on investigating racial disparity, being a social philosopher, economic historian, and a combatant in the conflict of ideas, has shaped the landscape of ideas in our culture.", "Critique of affirmative action and belief in small government Sowell's critical stance on affirmative action, belief in small government, and skepticism towards income redistribution as a solution to racial disparity.", "Joe Biden's political strategy to appeal to Black voters Biden's strategy of pandering to Black voters by using fear tactics and promises, which challenges the infantilization of African American politics."]}], 'duration': 1065.817, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo9539132.jpg', 'highlights': ['Racial disparities in education are attributed to differences in the development of intellectual performance, largely influenced by factors such as time management, values, discipline, and parental involvement, rather than intrinsic intelligence.', "The evolution of the Civil Rights Movement into an organized apologia for the failures of African-Americans to seize existing opportunities in the 21st century, instead of taking responsibility, is discussed, reflecting the author's conservative views.", 'The importance of merit-based competition in higher education is emphasized, criticizing the focus on diversity and inclusion over qualifications. The speaker argues for the significance of acquiring mastery over material and opposes the lowering of standards and the use of affirmative action as a substitute for the actual development of competitive capacities.', "Thomas Sowell's influential work on racial disparity and economic ideas Sowell's significant impact on investigating racial disparity, being a social philosopher, economic historian, and a combatant in the conflict of ideas, has shaped the landscape of ideas in our culture.", "Criticizing the impact of identity politics in the Supreme Court nomination process. The speaker expresses disapproval of President Biden's approach to nominating a black woman to the Supreme Court, emphasizing the need for qualifications over identity politics and disliking the pandering and treating the community like children.", 'The African-American family is in trouble with high rates of marital dissolution and out-of-wedlock births, contributing to violence and homicide being an order of magnitude more prevalent in African-American communities.']}, {'end': 11501.293, 'segs': [{'end': 10657.356, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10629.098, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 10642.441, 'text': 'So I think Tom Sowell, Thomas Sowell, African-American, born as I understand it, in Louisiana, raised in New York City, graduate of Harvard College,', 'start': 10629.098, 'duration': 13.343}, {'end': 10653.411, 'text': 'a military veteran, a PhD in economics from the University of Chicago, a Black conservative social scientist of very high stature.', 'start': 10642.441, 'duration': 10.97}, {'end': 10654.272, 'text': "I think he's a great man.", 'start': 10653.431, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 10657.356, 'text': 'And one of the great intellectuals of the 20th century.', 'start': 10654.653, 'duration': 2.703}], 'summary': 'Tom sowell, african-american, harvard grad, military veteran, and esteemed black conservative social scientist.', 'duration': 28.258, 'max_score': 10629.098, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo10629098.jpg'}, {'end': 11032.422, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11008.892, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 11016.737, 'text': 'I mean, those who doubted that we could do it, that tonight is your answer, this was going to be a new day, it was going to be a new regime.', 'start': 11008.892, 'duration': 7.845}, {'end': 11018.978, 'text': "Well, it wasn't a new day and it wasn't a new regime.", 'start': 11016.977, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 11022.993, 'text': 'It was American politics more or less as usual.', 'start': 11020.191, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 11025.796, 'text': 'Barack Obama turns out not to be the Messiah.', 'start': 11023.014, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 11028.078, 'text': 'Maybe there should be no surprise in that.', 'start': 11026.396, 'duration': 1.682}, {'end': 11032.422, 'text': "Race relations got set back during Obama's tenure.", 'start': 11029.699, 'duration': 2.723}], 'summary': "Obama's presidency didn't bring expected change; race relations regressed.", 'duration': 23.53, 'max_score': 11008.892, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo11008892.jpg'}, {'end': 11480.613, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11446.536, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 11447.097, 'text': 'He is not.', 'start': 11446.536, 'duration': 0.561}, {'end': 11453.139, 'text': "By the custodians of American education, Clarence Thomas' name is not on that many schools.", 'start': 11447.897, 'duration': 5.242}, {'end': 11455.06, 'text': "Barack Obama's name will be on many of them.", 'start': 11453.179, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 11456.181, 'text': "I'm not equating them.", 'start': 11455.28, 'duration': 0.901}, {'end': 11457.381, 'text': "They're different people.", 'start': 11456.541, 'duration': 0.84}, {'end': 11458.922, 'text': 'The offices are very different.', 'start': 11457.461, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 11470.247, 'text': "But the same logic that you just used to extol the significance of Barack Obama's ascendancy could and should be applied to Clarence Thomas,", 'start': 11459.542, 'duration': 10.705}, {'end': 11470.968, 'text': 'in my opinion.', 'start': 11470.247, 'duration': 0.721}, {'end': 11480.613, 'text': "Yes, but it's the office, but also there is a resume and there's accomplishments,", 'start': 11472.148, 'duration': 8.465}], 'summary': "Clarence thomas' name is not on many schools, but barack obama's will be on many, despite different offices and accomplishments.", 'duration': 34.077, 'max_score': 11446.536, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo11446536.jpg'}], 'start': 10605.029, 'title': 'Tom sowell and obama presidency', 'summary': "Discusses tom sowell's achievements and stature as an african-american economist and compares him to other intellectuals while also exploring the impact of barack obama's presidency, his racial identity, and the criticism he faced.", 'chapters': [{'end': 10710.824, 'start': 10605.029, 'title': 'Tom sowell: a great intellectual', 'summary': 'Discusses the achievements and stature of tom sowell, an african-american economist, and social scientist, outlining his educational background, military service, and advocacy for nobel prize recognition, comparing him to other esteemed intellectuals like friedrich von hayek and gunnar myrdal.', 'duration': 105.795, 'highlights': ["Tom Sowell's background includes being an African-American, born in Louisiana, raised in New York City, a graduate of Harvard College, a military veteran, and holding a PhD in economics from the University of Chicago.", 'The chapter suggests that Tom Sowell, a Black conservative social scientist, is considered a great man and one of the great intellectuals of the 20th century, with an implicit suggestion that he deserves a Nobel Prize, similar to Friedrich von Hayek and Gunnar Myrdal.', 'The discussion compares Tom Sowell with other esteemed intellectuals like Daniel Kahneman, Eleanor Ostrom, and Oliver Williamson, suggesting that he could be put in the same company as them, indicating his high stature and recognition in the field of social science and economics.']}, {'end': 11501.293, 'start': 10714.301, 'title': 'Obama presidency and racial identity', 'summary': "Explores the impact of barack obama's presidency, his racial identity, and the criticism he faced, questioning his influence on race relations and the significance of his presidency, while also highlighting the contrasting perspectives on his legacy.", 'duration': 786.992, 'highlights': ["Barack Obama's presidency was initially met with excitement and hope, but later faced criticism as it did not bring the anticipated transformative change, leading to setbacks in race relations and unmet expectations of his influence (e.g., 'Hope and change' slogans from 2008).", "The discussion on Barack Obama's racial identity and the flexibility of blackness reflects diverse viewpoints, with focus on the significance of his race in addressing systemic issues and the portrayal of his public persona as a politician.", "The criticism of Obama's handling of racial issues, including his response to incidents like Freddie Gray's death and the Ferguson unrest, is centered on missed opportunities to address and resolve racial tensions and systemic racism, leading to further division and unrest.", 'The comparison between Barack Obama and Clarence Thomas highlights the contrasting recognition of their achievements and influence, questioning the emphasis on oratory skills and charisma over accomplishments and contributions to society.']}], 'duration': 896.264, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo10605029.jpg', 'highlights': ['Tom Sowell, a Black conservative social scientist, is considered a great man and one of the great intellectuals of the 20th century.', "Tom Sowell's background includes being an African-American, born in Louisiana, raised in New York City, a graduate of Harvard College, a military veteran, and holding a PhD in economics from the University of Chicago.", 'The discussion compares Tom Sowell with other esteemed intellectuals like Daniel Kahneman, Eleanor Ostrom, and Oliver Williamson, suggesting that he could be put in the same company as them, indicating his high stature and recognition in the field of social science and economics.', "Barack Obama's presidency was initially met with excitement and hope, but later faced criticism as it did not bring the anticipated transformative change, leading to setbacks in race relations and unmet expectations of his influence (e.g., 'Hope and change' slogans from 2008).", "The criticism of Obama's handling of racial issues, including his response to incidents like Freddie Gray's death and the Ferguson unrest, is centered on missed opportunities to address and resolve racial tensions and systemic racism, leading to further division and unrest.", 'The comparison between Barack Obama and Clarence Thomas highlights the contrasting recognition of their achievements and influence, questioning the emphasis on oratory skills and charisma over accomplishments and contributions to society.', 'The chapter suggests that Tom Sowell, a Black conservative social scientist, is considered a great man and one of the great intellectuals of the 20th century, with an implicit suggestion that he deserves a Nobel Prize, similar to Friedrich von Hayek and Gunnar Myrdal.']}, {'end': 12735.153, 'segs': [{'end': 11526.509, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11501.353, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 11508.24, 'text': "And moreover, the judicial function, the judge doesn't go out and give speeches of that sort because it's exactly antithetical to what he's doing.", 'start': 11501.353, 'duration': 6.887}, {'end': 11514.706, 'text': "He's a custodian of the law and that's not a popular, uh, a feature figure in American policy.", 'start': 11508.28, 'duration': 6.426}, {'end': 11517.126, 'text': "It doesn't stand for election and it's a good thing too.", 'start': 11514.746, 'duration': 2.38}, {'end': 11519.527, 'text': 'So I take that point.', 'start': 11517.827, 'duration': 1.7}, {'end': 11521.828, 'text': "Here, I wanna say something else though that's provocative.", 'start': 11519.787, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 11526.509, 'text': "The next black president, you say first black president shouldn't have been the one to do that.", 'start': 11522.308, 'duration': 4.201}], 'summary': "Judges don't give speeches, not a popular figure, and next black president shouldn't have done that.", 'duration': 25.156, 'max_score': 11501.353, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo11501353.jpg'}, {'end': 11621.671, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11591.846, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 11603.717, 'text': 'So get educated, focus, work hard, invest in your future by acquiring the skills that you need to be able to navigate the 21st century.', 'start': 11591.846, 'duration': 11.871}, {'end': 11610.267, 'text': "I would say, The Chinese are coming and I don't mean anything against China.", 'start': 11605.698, 'duration': 4.569}, {'end': 11613.468, 'text': "I just mean to say the world's a small place and it's getting smaller.", 'start': 11610.327, 'duration': 3.141}, {'end': 11621.671, 'text': 'And, you know, you better get moving and you better get moving quickly.', 'start': 11614.669, 'duration': 7.002}], 'summary': 'Acquire skills to navigate the 21st century and adapt to a shrinking world.', 'duration': 29.825, 'max_score': 11591.846, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo11591846.jpg'}, {'end': 11734.392, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11702.557, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 11707.499, 'text': "Don't wear your thing so heavily that it keeps you from being open to everything that's new in the world.", 'start': 11702.557, 'duration': 4.942}, {'end': 11709.873, 'text': 'Wear it lightly.', 'start': 11708.752, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 11714.016, 'text': "Yes, everybody comes from somewhere, but it doesn't have to be where you end up.", 'start': 11710.573, 'duration': 3.443}, {'end': 11716.978, 'text': "So you're not your father.", 'start': 11715.477, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 11718.28, 'text': "You're not your grandfather.", 'start': 11716.999, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 11728.167, 'text': 'You are this wonderfully blessed human being going into the middle of the 21st century.', 'start': 11720.141, 'duration': 8.026}, {'end': 11731.53, 'text': "And don't miss it.", 'start': 11728.187, 'duration': 3.343}, {'end': 11734.392, 'text': "Don't live blinkeredly.", 'start': 11733.171, 'duration': 1.221}], 'summary': 'Embrace new experiences and identities in the 21st century without being weighed down by the past.', 'duration': 31.835, 'max_score': 11702.557, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo11702557.jpg'}, {'end': 11897.027, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11860.382, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 11870.829, 'text': 'On the preceding Tuesday, five days ago, I was at the funeral of Eugene Wesley Smith, who was my brother-in-law.', 'start': 11860.382, 'duration': 10.447}, {'end': 11873.391, 'text': "He was my sister's husband.", 'start': 11871.709, 'duration': 1.682}, {'end': 11881.604, 'text': 'My sister, Leonette, passed away in August of 2021.', 'start': 11875.172, 'duration': 6.432}, {'end': 11889.796, 'text': 'Her husband has died at the age of 68 in April of 2022.', 'start': 11881.604, 'duration': 8.192}, {'end': 11890.798, 'text': 'And I was at his funeral.', 'start': 11889.796, 'duration': 1.002}, {'end': 11895.645, 'text': 'He died suddenly of a heart attack that came completely out of the blue.', 'start': 11892.62, 'duration': 3.025}, {'end': 11897.027, 'text': 'He seemed to be in perfect health.', 'start': 11895.725, 'duration': 1.302}], 'summary': 'Attended the funeral of my brother-in-law who passed away suddenly from a heart attack at the age of 68.', 'duration': 36.645, 'max_score': 11860.382, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo11860382.jpg'}, {'end': 12122.873, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12098.443, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 12105.547, 'text': 'And I decided you know, I rehearsed in my mind this you know he had a straight back, he had broad shoulders, he had a big heart, he had a great mind,', 'start': 12098.443, 'duration': 7.104}, {'end': 12109.449, 'text': 'you know he had a capacious spirit and whatnot.', 'start': 12105.547, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 12111.57, 'text': 'And I used that as a template for making my remarks.', 'start': 12109.489, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 12116.671, 'text': 'But my main thought was, my God, life is precious and life is fleeting.', 'start': 12112.469, 'duration': 4.202}, {'end': 12119.372, 'text': 'And death is a part of life.', 'start': 12117.651, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 12122.873, 'text': 'My death is a part of my life.', 'start': 12120.972, 'duration': 1.901}], 'summary': 'Life is precious and fleeting; death is part of life.', 'duration': 24.43, 'max_score': 12098.443, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo12098443.jpg'}, {'end': 12290.315, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12255.293, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 12259.174, 'text': "And he argued it's irrational to be afraid of death.", 'start': 12255.293, 'duration': 3.881}, {'end': 12263.055, 'text': 'Why should I fear death? Death is coming to all of us.', 'start': 12260.354, 'duration': 2.701}, {'end': 12270.137, 'text': "The point of being afraid, I mean, I'm wasting my time fearing something that I have no ultimate control over.", 'start': 12264.636, 'duration': 5.501}, {'end': 12271.897, 'text': "It's irrational to be afraid of death.", 'start': 12270.197, 'duration': 1.7}, {'end': 12276.979, 'text': "Yeah, because you can't predict when it happens.", 'start': 12274.378, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 12280.46, 'text': 'You only know that it happens.', 'start': 12278.779, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 12290.315, 'text': "So why be afraid? How's that going to help? And therefore live every day fully, live every day purposefully, and so on.", 'start': 12281.567, 'duration': 8.748}], 'summary': "It's irrational to fear death, as it's inevitable and beyond our control. live fully and purposefully.", 'duration': 35.022, 'max_score': 12255.293, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo12255293.jpg'}, {'end': 12500.296, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12452.565, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 12457.027, 'text': "I'm supposed to believe in everlasting life, but the fact of the matter is this is me and I'm lying here and I'm dying.", 'start': 12452.565, 'duration': 4.462}, {'end': 12458.747, 'text': 'This is the end of me.', 'start': 12457.647, 'duration': 1.1}, {'end': 12465.169, 'text': "How are you going to do anything other than dread the end of me? So let's acknowledge that I don't want to die.", 'start': 12460.048, 'duration': 5.121}, {'end': 12472.212, 'text': "Okay I'm just going to tell you that upfront, but that is not the end of me.", 'start': 12465.249, 'duration': 6.963}, {'end': 12474.805, 'text': 'My death is not the end of life.', 'start': 12473.163, 'duration': 1.642}, {'end': 12477.067, 'text': 'I have lived well and fully.', 'start': 12475.786, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 12480.991, 'text': 'I will go and do my best right up until the end.', 'start': 12477.087, 'duration': 3.904}, {'end': 12486.911, 'text': 'I will accept what is inevitable, and I will hold out this belief.', 'start': 12482.629, 'duration': 4.282}, {'end': 12491.473, 'text': "And he's a Christian minister, so he holds out this belief, and he knows that the belief is not rational.", 'start': 12486.971, 'duration': 4.502}, {'end': 12495.974, 'text': "It's not a reasoned, deductive, scientific conclusion.", 'start': 12492.253, 'duration': 3.721}, {'end': 12500.296, 'text': "It's spiritual in the most fundamental way.", 'start': 12496.915, 'duration': 3.381}], 'summary': 'Acknowledging fear of death while holding onto spiritual belief in the face of inevitable mortality.', 'duration': 47.731, 'max_score': 12452.565, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo12452565.jpg'}, {'end': 12563.535, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12531.209, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 12536.493, 'text': 'What I believe is that when I look at the natural world, I see the evolution of the species.', 'start': 12531.209, 'duration': 5.284}, {'end': 12539.735, 'text': 'I see the organic development of the planets.', 'start': 12536.833, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 12544.458, 'text': 'I mean, the Earth is going to not exist in a finite number of years.', 'start': 12539.815, 'duration': 4.643}, {'end': 12548.501, 'text': 'I think with a very high probability, the sun is going to die.', 'start': 12544.518, 'duration': 3.983}, {'end': 12550.523, 'text': "It's going to implode.", 'start': 12548.541, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 12552.884, 'text': "It's going to go supernova, whatever is going to happen.", 'start': 12550.563, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 12555.846, 'text': "And there's not going to be any there, there.", 'start': 12553.305, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 12563.535, 'text': "What's the meaning of life, Glen Lowry? What's the meaning of life? Yeah, let's go, let's go.", 'start': 12557.97, 'duration': 5.565}], 'summary': "Natural world's evolution, earth's finite existence, sun's eventual demise.", 'duration': 32.326, 'max_score': 12531.209, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo12531209.jpg'}, {'end': 12617.213, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12579.054, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 12587.421, 'text': 'We bond, we reproduce, we try to pass on, and we accept our limitations and our mortality.', 'start': 12579.054, 'duration': 8.367}, {'end': 12597.429, 'text': "We try to contribute, and that's through our children and through our work.", 'start': 12588.322, 'duration': 9.107}, {'end': 12602.041, 'text': "And we're in this together.", 'start': 12600.86, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 12603.122, 'text': "We're not in this alone.", 'start': 12602.061, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 12606.104, 'text': 'We are connected to other people.', 'start': 12603.142, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 12611.088, 'text': 'I get a lot of gratitude out of teaching.', 'start': 12606.124, 'duration': 4.964}, {'end': 12611.749, 'text': "I'm a teacher.", 'start': 12611.128, 'duration': 0.621}, {'end': 12615.292, 'text': 'My students are going to outlive me.', 'start': 12613.19, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 12617.213, 'text': "They're going to have students.", 'start': 12616.132, 'duration': 1.081}], 'summary': 'We bond, reproduce, and contribute through work and children, finding connection and gratitude in teaching.', 'duration': 38.159, 'max_score': 12579.054, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo12579054.jpg'}], 'start': 11501.353, 'title': 'Reflections on life and mortality', 'summary': 'Delves into judicial function, life advice, reflections on a life, contemplating life and death, rationality of fear of death, and finding hope in mortality, emphasizing the importance of education, identity, and heritage, while reflecting on the sudden passing of individuals, the inevitability of death, and the search for meaning and purpose in life.', 'chapters': [{'end': 11822.559, 'start': 11501.353, 'title': 'Judicial function and life advice', 'summary': 'Discusses the judicial function and the importance of mastery over the medium, advising young people to pursue education and navigate the 21st century, emphasizing the significance of identity and heritage in modern society.', 'duration': 321.206, 'highlights': ['Mastery over the medium is the key to the future, advising young people to get educated, focus, work hard, and invest in acquiring the skills needed to navigate the 21st century. Importance of education and skill acquisition for young people in navigating the future.', 'Emphasizes the significance of identity and heritage, urging individuals to wear their history lightly, live big, and not be limited by their ethnic inheritance. Encouragement for individuals to embrace their heritage while not being limited by it.', 'Discusses the judicial function and the role of a judge as a custodian of the law, not a popular figure in American policy, and the importance of not giving speeches that contradict the judicial function. Description of the judicial function and the role of a judge in American policy.']}, {'end': 12076.683, 'start': 11823.803, 'title': "Glenn's reflection on a life", 'summary': 'Reflects on the recent funeral of a great man, eugene wesley smith, who passed away suddenly at the age of 68, leaving behind a legacy of caring for his disabled sons and being a standup businessman with a powerful mind and spiritual curiosity.', 'duration': 252.88, 'highlights': ['Glenn reflects on the recent funeral of Eugene Wesley Smith, his brother-in-law, who passed away suddenly at the age of 68, leaving behind three disabled sons and a legacy of caring for them at home.', 'Eugene Wesley Smith was a successful businessman, a steel trader, who had clients and counterparties all over the world, and he was described as a standup guy with a straight back, broad shoulders, a huge heart, and a powerful mind.', 'Despite his busy life as a businessman, Eugene Wesley Smith was intellectually curious, interested in music and art, explored Eastern religion, and was ordained as a child minister, showing a deep spiritual curiosity and openness to different religious traditions.', "Eugene Wesley Smith's sudden death from a heart attack came as a shock, as he seemed to be in perfect health, and his passing left the responsibility of caring for his disabled sons to the surviving son and his family.", 'Eugene Wesley Smith and his wife cared for their disabled sons at home and were committed to not see them institutionalized, instead seeking help from state programs and social workers while taking on the burden of caring for them themselves.']}, {'end': 12254.399, 'start': 12078.359, 'title': 'Contemplating life and death', 'summary': 'Explores the unexpected death of a younger acquaintance, leading to reflections on the fleeting nature of life, the importance of preparation for death, and the fear of the unknown, while also delving into the historical recovery of classical works and the atheistic views of lucretius.', 'duration': 176.04, 'highlights': ['Reflecting on the unexpected death of a younger acquaintance and realizing the preciousness and fleeting nature of life, prompting thoughts of taking better care of oneself and the need to have affairs in order to avoid leaving behind unsettled matters for surviving family members.', "Expressing fear of the unknown and the inevitability of death while drawing inspiration from the atheistic views of Lucretius as portrayed in the book 'The Swerve', highlighting the historical recovery of classical works and the impact of Renaissance figures in preserving and republishing ancient texts.", 'Rehearsing a speech for the deceased acquaintance, emphasizing his admirable qualities as a template for remarks and contemplating the absence of preparation for delivering such a speech, showcasing the challenge of expressing thoughts and emotions in the face of sudden loss.']}, {'end': 12430.771, 'start': 12255.293, 'title': 'Rationality of fear of death', 'summary': 'Discusses the irrationality of fearing death and emphasizes the inevitability of death and suffering, illustrated through personal experiences and the perspective of a theologian, challenging the idea of living forever and the futility of being afraid, while advocating for living purposefully.', 'duration': 175.478, 'highlights': ["The point of being afraid, I mean, I'm wasting my time fearing something that I have no ultimate control over. It's irrational to be afraid of death.", "I watched her suffer and I watched her die. And I don't wanna suffer, who does? I don't want to die.", "He argues that it's irrational to be afraid of death, emphasizing the futility of being afraid and the unpredictability of death.", 'Richard John Newhouse, a theologian, contemplated his own death and wrote a book about his experience, challenging the fear of death from the perspective of a Christian minister.']}, {'end': 12735.153, 'start': 12431.252, 'title': 'Finding hope in mortality', 'summary': "Discusses the struggle with mortality, the search for meaning in life, and the importance of love, emphasizing the role of hope and legacy in facing one's mortality and finding purpose in life.", 'duration': 303.901, 'highlights': ['The speaker reads a book filled with hope to his dying wife, acknowledging the dread of dying but emphasizing that his death is not the end of life. Hope and acceptance in facing mortality.', 'The speaker, a Christian minister, grapples with the irrationality of his spiritual belief in everlasting life and acknowledges his shift away from being a Christian and theist. Struggle with religious beliefs and evolving perspectives.', 'The speaker reflects on the natural world, discussing the evolution of species, the finite existence of the Earth, and the eventual demise of the sun, prompting contemplation about the meaning of life. Contemplation on the meaning of life in the context of the natural world.', 'The speaker emphasizes the importance of bonding, reproduction, passing on knowledge, accepting mortality, and making meaningful contributions to society, stressing the interconnectedness of humanity. Importance of human connections, legacy, and meaningful contributions.', 'The speaker discusses the desire to leave a dignified legacy through teaching, writing, and impacting the world, highlighting the importance of love and the role it plays in life. Desire to leave a dignified legacy and the significance of love in life.']}], 'duration': 1233.8, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/YbJZnShMQAo/pics/YbJZnShMQAo11501353.jpg', 'highlights': ['Importance of education and skill acquisition for young people in navigating the future.', 'Encouragement for individuals to embrace their heritage while not being limited by it.', 'Description of the judicial function and the role of a judge in American policy.', "Eugene Wesley Smith's sudden death from a heart attack came as a shock, as he seemed to be in perfect health.", 'Reflection on the unexpected death of a younger acquaintance and realizing the preciousness and fleeting nature of life.', 'Emphasizing the futility of being afraid and the unpredictability of death.', 'Hope and acceptance in facing mortality.', 'Struggle with religious beliefs and evolving perspectives.', 'Contemplation on the meaning of life in the context of the natural world.', 'Importance of human connections, legacy, and meaningful contributions.', 'Desire to leave a dignified legacy and the significance of love in life.']}], 'highlights': ['Affirmative action hinders capacity development.', "Opposition to affirmative action as it does not enhance individuals' abilities.", 'Glenn Lowry, a professor at Brown University, shares his perspective.', "Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream' speech is regarded as the greatest speech in American history.", 'The eradication of slavery required a prolonged and arduous effort by abolitionists spanning nearly a century, reflecting the resilience of those fighting against the morally questionable practice.', 'The ability of enslaved individuals to sustain their humanity and dignity under oppressive conditions led to the eventual development of African Americans within American society and the civil rights movement in the mid-20th century.', "Fair treatment doesn't imply equal outcomes in a world where distinct cultural groups have different social outcomes.", 'The disparities in wealth holding, educational achievement, and representation in professional schools, such as law and medical schools, are influenced by developmental opportunities and cultural background, contributing significantly to disparities of outcome.', "Obtained a PhD in economics after transitioning from studying mathematics at Northwestern University to MIT's economics program.", "Economics' value lies in developing rigorous analytical frameworks and addressing social issues using mathematical analysis.", 'The insignificance of human differences in the face of a potential extraterrestrial invasion.', 'All humans descend from the same ancestral population of Homo sapiens who walked out of East Africa eons ago.', "Malcolm X's philosophy emphasized self-reliance, determination, and empowerment within the black community.", 'The accusation of racism is used as a weapon to attack, bully, and divide individuals.', "Pointing out the hypocrisy of false racism claims is a powerful strategy in fighting back, as demonstrated by the case of Roseanne Barr's controversial statement about Valerie Jarrett.", 'The universities are places where human ingenuity is nurtured, new knowledge is created, and young people are equipped to answer open questions about our existence in the world.', 'Interventions like educational and early childhood programs can level the playing field and improve life outcomes, regardless of natural endowments of cognitive ability', 'Racial disparities in education are attributed to differences in the development of intellectual performance, largely influenced by factors such as time management, values, discipline, and parental involvement, rather than intrinsic intelligence.', "The evolution of the Civil Rights Movement into an organized apologia for the failures of African-Americans to seize existing opportunities in the 21st century, instead of taking responsibility, is discussed, reflecting the author's conservative views.", 'Tom Sowell, a Black conservative social scientist, is considered a great man and one of the great intellectuals of the 20th century.', 'Importance of education and skill acquisition for young people in navigating the future.', 'Encouragement for individuals to embrace their heritage while not being limited by it.', 'Description of the judicial function and the role of a judge in American policy.', 'Reflection on the unexpected death of a younger acquaintance and realizing the preciousness and fleeting nature of life.', 'Emphasizing the futility of being afraid and the unpredictability of death.', 'Hope and acceptance in facing mortality.', 'Struggle with religious beliefs and evolving perspectives.', 'Contemplation on the meaning of life in the context of the natural world.', 'Importance of human connections, legacy, and meaningful contributions.', 'Desire to leave a dignified legacy and the significance of love in life.']}