title
C Language Tutorial For Beginners In Hindi - 2023 (With Free Certificate) 🔥

description
🔥1000+ Free Courses With Free Certificates: https://www.mygreatlearning.com/academy?ambassador_code=GLYT_DES_XaQ6MIw5LkM&utm_source=GLYT&utm_campaign=GLYT_DES_XaQ6MIw5LkM 🔥Accelerate your Software Development career with E&ICT IIT Roorkee: https://www.mygreatlearning.com/advanced-certification-full-stack-software-development-iit-roorkee?ambassador_code=GLYT_DES_Middle_SEP22&utm_source=GLYT&utm_campaign=GLYT_DES_Middle_SEP52 🏁 Watch the video and attend this quiz and get a certificate of completion: https://glacad.me/3OfpVjM C is a powerful general-purpose programming language. It can be used to develop software like operating systems, databases, compilers, etc. C programming has revolutionized the world of coding significantly, and due to its popularity, it is also an extremely sought-after career option! Great Learning offers a C language tutorial for beginners With deep insights on "introduction to C," followed by looking at the data types, variables, and flow control statements used in C programming. Then we look at the different types of arrays, functions, and pointers used in C and understand how they work. C is considered the mother of all programming languages. Learn like a pro by understanding the nuances of C language, which will help you understand and master an advanced programming language. Small steps with consistency lead you to a beautiful destination. Learn to code the easy way. Upgrade your skills with our C programming in Hindi tutorial to start your coding journey. Let's jump into the basic concepts of C, ✔ Literals ✔ Data types ✔ Functions ✔ Arrays ✔ Pointers ✔ Structures ✔ For loop ✔ While loop ✔ Do while loop 🏁 Topics Covered: 00:00:00 Introduction 00:02:05 Agenda 00:02:41 Introduction to C 00:05:40 C Syntax 00:10:21 Comments in C 00:13:55 Tokens in C 00:16:45 Variables in C 00:25:57 C Data Types 00:33:08 Operators in C 00:47:15 Strings in C 00:55:35 Math Library 00:58:44 Boolean 01:00:35 Conditional Statements in C 01:19:05 Storing Data in C 01:24:36 Arrays in C 02:14:35 Functions in C 03:29:29 Pointers in C 04:46:03 Structures in C 04:52:00 Union in C 🔥Check Our Free Courses with free certificate: 📌 C Programming Course: https://glacad.me/3LituF1 📌C Programming in Hindi: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1w46T_gkQ-1bx98_xIF6hhFMrKhVM0YO9d_6eKfYEsk0/edit?ambassador_code=GLYT_DES_Middle_SEP22&utm_source=GLYT&utm_campaign=GLYT_DES_Middle_SEP54 📌C Programming for Beginners: https://www.mygreatlearning.com/academy/learn-for-free/courses/c-programming-for-beginners?ambassador_code=GLYT_DES_Middle_SEP22&utm_source=GLYT&utm_campaign=GLYT_DES_Middle_SEP55 📌Array in C in Hindi: https://www.mygreatlearning.com/academy/learn-for-free/courses/array-in-c-in-hindi?ambassador_code=GLYT_DES_Middle_SEP22&utm_source=GLYT&utm_campaign=GLYT_DES_Middle_SEP56 📌 Pointers in C in Hindi: https://www.mygreatlearning.com/academy/learn-for-free/courses/pointers-in-c-in-hindi?ambassador_code=GLYT_DES_Middle_SEP22&utm_source=GLYT&utm_campaign=GLYT_DES_Middle_SEP57 Here is a list of our other full course videos, you can check out: ✔ Data Science Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2zsY-2uZiE&t=680s ✔ Python for Data Science: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edvg4eHi_Mw&t=15700s ✔ Machine Learning with Python: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RnFGwxJwx-0&t=8732s ✔ Statistics for Data Science: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vfo5le26IhY&t=189s ✔ Tableau Training for Beginners: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mBtTNggkUk&t=1735s ✔ Reinforcement Learning Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8bnkro3yXY&t=9940s ⚡ About Great Learning Academy: Visit Great Learning Academy to get access to 1000+ free courses with free certificate on Data Science, Data Analytics, Digital Marketing, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Cloud, Management, Cybersecurity, Software Development, and many more. These are supplemented with free projects, assignments, datasets, quizzes. You can earn a certificate of completion at the end of the course for free. ⚡ About Great Learning: With more than 5.4 Million+ learners in 170+ countries, Great Learning, a part of the BYJU'S group, is a leading global edtech company for professional and higher education offering industry-relevant programs in the blended, classroom, and purely online modes across technology, data and business domains. These programs are developed in collaboration with the top institutions like Stanford Executive Education, MIT Professional Education, The University of Texas at Austin, NUS, IIT Madras, IIT Bombay & more. SOCIAL MEDIA LINKS: 🔹 For more interesting tutorials, don't forget to subscribe to our channel: https://glacad.me/YTsubscribe 🔹 For more updates on courses and tips follow us on: ✅ Telegram: https://t.me/GreatLearningAcademy ✅ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/GreatLearningOfficial/ ✅ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/school/great-learning/mycompany/verification/ ✅ Follow our Blog: https://glacad.me/GL_Blog

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{'title': 'C Language Tutorial For Beginners In Hindi - 2023 (With Free Certificate) 🔥', 'heatmap': [{'end': 1592.135, 'start': 1237.3, 'weight': 0.705}, {'end': 2302.503, 'start': 2114.542, 'weight': 0.905}, {'end': 2834.371, 'start': 2652.179, 'weight': 0.776}, {'end': 3537.844, 'start': 3362.102, 'weight': 0.786}, {'end': 4250.533, 'start': 4064.048, 'weight': 0.838}, {'end': 13088.12, 'start': 12905.423, 'weight': 0.715}, {'end': 13972.581, 'start': 13793.073, 'weight': 0.766}], 'summary': 'This c language tutorial covers the importance of c programming as the foundation for operating systems, the basics of c programming including data types, variables, flow control statements, and arrays, along with functions, pointers, and structures. it also delves into array operations, function declaration and definition, types of functions, recursion, and fibonacci series implementation. additionally, it explains the concept of pointers in programming, pointer sizes, call by value and call by reference concepts, and the usage of function pointers in programs.', 'chapters': [{'end': 111.579, 'segs': [{'end': 58.14, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 35.238, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 45.307, 'text': 'Here you will get more than 200 courses in which you will get free content of thousands of hours, and that too, on in-demand topics like data science,', 'start': 35.238, 'duration': 10.069}, {'end': 53.555, 'text': 'machine learning, artificial intelligence programming, cloud computing, Digital Marketing, DevOps Management, and all this will be completely free.', 'start': 45.307, 'duration': 8.248}, {'end': 58.14, 'text': 'These courses are made by award-winning professors and leading industry experts.', 'start': 53.575, 'duration': 4.565}], 'summary': 'Over 200 free courses on in-demand topics like data science, machine learning, and ai, totaling thousands of hours of content, created by award-winning professors and industry experts.', 'duration': 22.902, 'max_score': 35.238, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM35238.jpg'}, {'end': 111.579, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 83.857, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 89.5, 'text': 'You can get access to the description below this video in whichever course you are interested in.', 'start': 83.857, 'duration': 5.643}, {'end': 95.91, 'text': 'So what are you guys waiting for? Register and start your learning journey today.', 'start': 90.12, 'duration': 5.79}, {'end': 102.681, 'text': 'And friends, do subscribe to our channel and press the bell icon so that you get notified whenever we upload new videos.', 'start': 96.27, 'duration': 6.411}, {'end': 108.638, 'text': 'And if you liked this video, then show us some love.', 'start': 105.177, 'duration': 3.461}, {'end': 111.579, 'text': 'And please like and share this video.', 'start': 109.078, 'duration': 2.501}], 'summary': 'Encourages viewers to access course description, register, subscribe, like, and share video.', 'duration': 27.722, 'max_score': 83.857, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM83857.jpg'}], 'start': 0.189, 'title': 'The importance of c programming', 'summary': 'Highlights c programming as the foundation for operating systems like windows, unix, and linux, and promotes the great learning academy offering over 200 free courses, access to in-demand topics, and certification upon course completion.', 'chapters': [{'end': 111.579, 'start': 0.189, 'title': 'Importance of c programming language', 'summary': 'Highlights the importance of c programming as the foundation for operating systems like windows, unix, and linux, and promotes the great learning academy offering over 200 free courses, access to in-demand topics, and certification upon course completion.', 'duration': 111.39, 'highlights': ['The Great Learning Academy offers over 200 free courses, including data science, machine learning, artificial intelligence programming, cloud computing, Digital Marketing, and DevOps Management, with free content of thousands of hours.', 'C programming is the foundation for operating systems like Windows, Unix, and Linux.', 'Enrolling in the Great Learning Academy courses provides access to presentation, code, notebooks, data sets, and quizzes, with free certification upon course completion.', 'Courses offered by the Great Learning Academy are made by award-winning professors and leading industry experts.', 'Great Learning Academy provides courses in English and Hindi languages.']}], 'duration': 111.39, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM189.jpg', 'highlights': ['C programming is the foundation for operating systems like Windows, Unix, and Linux.', 'The Great Learning Academy offers over 200 free courses, including data science, machine learning, artificial intelligence programming, cloud computing, Digital Marketing, and DevOps Management, with free content of thousands of hours.', 'Enrolling in the Great Learning Academy courses provides access to presentation, code, notebooks, data sets, and quizzes, with free certification upon course completion.', 'Courses offered by the Great Learning Academy are made by award-winning professors and leading industry experts.', 'Great Learning Academy provides courses in English and Hindi languages.']}, {'end': 798.226, 'segs': [{'end': 374.495, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 346.786, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 349.147, 'text': 'And as written here, these are the basic components.', 'start': 346.786, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 353.048, 'text': 'So, first of all, we will start our C program in this way.', 'start': 349.407, 'duration': 3.641}, {'end': 364.29, 'text': 'We will write hash include stdo.h So, here if we want to work with C program then we have to load some libraries.', 'start': 353.068, 'duration': 11.222}, {'end': 369.151, 'text': 'So, some inbuilt functions or inbuilt code is already present in the libraries.', 'start': 364.31, 'duration': 4.841}, {'end': 374.495, 'text': 'So, if we want to use it, we need to invoke all these libraries.', 'start': 369.471, 'duration': 5.024}], 'summary': 'Basic components of c program: load libraries, invoke inbuilt functions.', 'duration': 27.709, 'max_score': 346.786, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM346786.jpg'}, {'end': 436.849, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 403.921, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 407.606, 'text': 'So, I have loaded this standardinputoutput.headerfile like this.', 'start': 403.921, 'duration': 3.685}, {'end': 412.591, 'text': 'After this, whatever code you write, you will write it in the main function.', 'start': 407.626, 'duration': 4.965}, {'end': 414.814, 'text': 'So, suppose our brain does the complete processing.', 'start': 412.631, 'duration': 2.183}, {'end': 423.361, 'text': 'Similarly, the entire execution of a C language program is in the main function.', 'start': 417.777, 'duration': 5.584}, {'end': 426.983, 'text': 'So, the execution of the program starts in the main and ends on the main.', 'start': 423.501, 'duration': 3.482}, {'end': 430.045, 'text': 'There are some basic features of the function.', 'start': 427.003, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 436.849, 'text': 'First of all, the name of the function is given here and every function has a return type.', 'start': 430.065, 'duration': 6.784}], 'summary': 'C language program execution starts and ends in main function.', 'duration': 32.928, 'max_score': 403.921, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM403921.jpg'}, {'end': 632.876, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 604.67, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 607.992, 'text': 'Getch means that the compiler will wait for a character.', 'start': 604.67, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 612.374, 'text': 'So, now execute and click on compile and run.', 'start': 608.252, 'duration': 4.122}, {'end': 615.916, 'text': 'And as you can see here, this is Sparta.', 'start': 612.494, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 619.798, 'text': 'So, we have successfully written our first C program here.', 'start': 615.936, 'duration': 3.862}, {'end': 624.413, 'text': "So these are the basics, now let's understand what comments are.", 'start': 621.752, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 627.114, 'text': 'So normally when you write a very big code.', 'start': 624.813, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 628.434, 'text': 'so this was a very basic code.', 'start': 627.114, 'duration': 1.32}, {'end': 632.876, 'text': 'suppose, if there is an industry level project, then there will be millions of lines of code in it.', 'start': 628.434, 'duration': 4.442}], 'summary': 'Introduction to c programming, executing first program, and discussing code comments with mention of potential code size in industry level projects.', 'duration': 28.206, 'max_score': 604.67, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM604670.jpg'}, {'end': 798.226, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 764.366, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 771.609, 'text': "So, this compiler is automatically detecting that this is a description and I don't need to execute it.", 'start': 764.366, 'duration': 7.243}, {'end': 774.61, 'text': 'So, now I will compile and run it.', 'start': 771.689, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 776.611, 'text': 'So, this is our normal result.', 'start': 774.63, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 783.334, 'text': 'If I remove these two forward slash from here and now execute this thing.', 'start': 776.671, 'duration': 6.663}, {'end': 784.955, 'text': 'So, now see how it works.', 'start': 783.354, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 788.378, 'text': 'So, here we got a warning.', 'start': 785.675, 'duration': 2.703}, {'end': 794.443, 'text': 'So, actually I will cut it here and paste it here.', 'start': 788.718, 'duration': 5.725}, {'end': 798.226, 'text': 'And at this time we will compile and run it.', 'start': 795.064, 'duration': 3.162}], 'summary': 'Compiler detects description, warnings issued, code compiled and run successfully.', 'duration': 33.86, 'max_score': 764.366, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM764366.jpg'}], 'start': 111.899, 'title': 'C programming', 'summary': 'Covers the introduction and features of c, working with data types, variables, flow control statements, arrays, functions, pointers, and structures in c, and illustrates the basics of the c language, including its procedural nature, platform independence, compilation process, and components of a c program.', 'chapters': [{'end': 164.439, 'start': 111.899, 'title': 'Introduction to c programming', 'summary': 'Covers the introduction and features of c, working with data types, variables, flow control statements, arrays, functions, pointers, and structures in c.', 'duration': 52.54, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the introduction and features of C, working with data types, variables, flow control statements, arrays, functions, pointers, and structures in C.', 'The chapter includes a comprehensive understanding of arrays, and also implements functions in C.', 'The chapter starts with a basic introduction about C, then moves on to working with data types and variables in C.']}, {'end': 798.226, 'start': 164.439, 'title': 'Introduction to c language and compilation process', 'summary': 'Illustrates the basics of the c language, including its procedural nature, platform independence, compilation process, and components of a c program, emphasizing the two-step compilation and linking process and the importance of comments for code readability.', 'duration': 633.787, 'highlights': ['C is a platform-independent programming language. C can be executed on any operating system, such as Windows, Mac, or Linux.', 'Compilation involves converting source code into object code and checking for errors. Compilation identifies and rectifies syntactical and semantic errors in the source code, converting it into object code.', 'The compilation process includes two steps: compilation and linking. The two-step process involves converting the source code to object code, followed by linking additional libraries and features to create an executable file.', 'The main function is the central part of a C program, where the execution begins and ends. The main function acts as the starting and ending point for the execution of a C program.', 'Comments in the code serve as descriptions for better code understanding and verification. Comments are used to provide descriptions and explanations within the code, aiding in code comprehension and future verification.']}], 'duration': 686.327, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM111899.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the introduction and features of C, working with data types, variables, flow control statements, arrays, functions, pointers, and structures in C.', 'C is a platform-independent programming language. C can be executed on any operating system, such as Windows, Mac, or Linux.', 'The chapter includes a comprehensive understanding of arrays, and also implements functions in C.', 'Compilation involves converting source code into object code and checking for errors. Compilation identifies and rectifies syntactical and semantic errors in the source code, converting it into object code.', 'The chapter starts with a basic introduction about C, then moves on to working with data types and variables in C.', 'The compilation process includes two steps: compilation and linking. The two-step process involves converting the source code to object code, followed by linking additional libraries and features to create an executable file.', 'The main function is the central part of a C program, where the execution begins and ends. The main function acts as the starting and ending point for the execution of a C program.', 'Comments in the code serve as descriptions for better code understanding and verification. Comments are used to provide descriptions and explanations within the code, aiding in code comprehension and future verification.']}, {'end': 1740.282, 'segs': [{'end': 994.781, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 961.881, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 965.564, 'text': 'So it has five characters.', 'start': 961.881, 'duration': 3.683}, {'end': 968.306, 'text': 'These five characters make up Rajat.', 'start': 965.584, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 970.248, 'text': 'And Rajat is a string.', 'start': 968.686, 'duration': 1.562}, {'end': 978.012, 'text': 'Operators can do different types of operations with operators.', 'start': 971.408, 'duration': 6.604}, {'end': 984.575, 'text': 'We have arithmetic operators, relational operators, logical operators, different types of operators.', 'start': 978.032, 'duration': 6.543}, {'end': 987.676, 'text': 'Then there are some special symbols like hash.', 'start': 984.595, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 994.781, 'text': 'in our old program hash include stdio.h.', 'start': 991.218, 'duration': 3.563}], 'summary': 'The transcript discusses the use of operators in programming, including arithmetic, relational, logical operators, and special symbols like hash. it also mentions including stdio.h in a program.', 'duration': 32.9, 'max_score': 961.881, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM961881.jpg'}, {'end': 1197.687, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1162.413, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1169.699, 'text': 'So, what is %d? So, here if we have to print any variable, then we will first denote it with the % symbol here.', 'start': 1162.413, 'duration': 7.286}, {'end': 1181.77, 'text': 'After that, we will give the name of the variable.', 'start': 1177.785, 'duration': 3.985}, {'end': 1188.337, 'text': 'Basically, in the position of %d, we are printing the value of the variable.', 'start': 1182.31, 'duration': 6.027}, {'end': 1192.482, 'text': 'If it is an integer variable, we will write %d.', 'start': 1188.417, 'duration': 4.065}, {'end': 1195.345, 'text': 'If it is a floating type, we will write %f.', 'start': 1192.522, 'duration': 2.823}, {'end': 1197.687, 'text': 'If it is a character type, we will write %c.', 'start': 1195.405, 'duration': 2.282}], 'summary': 'Using %d for integers, %f for floats, and %c for characters in print statements.', 'duration': 35.274, 'max_score': 1162.413, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM1162413.jpg'}, {'end': 1592.135, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1237.3, 'weight': 0.705, 'content': [{'end': 1239.38, 'text': 'So here I will write compile and run.', 'start': 1237.3, 'duration': 2.08}, {'end': 1244.022, 'text': 'So as you can see we have declared a variable with the value 10 and also printed it.', 'start': 1239.68, 'duration': 4.342}, {'end': 1251.984, 'text': 'And since the variable is a temporary storage space, I can change the value in it.', 'start': 1245.542, 'duration': 6.442}, {'end': 1256.966, 'text': 'Initially, the value was 10, now I will change it to 20.', 'start': 1252.325, 'duration': 4.641}, {'end': 1259.367, 'text': "Let's execute it and see the result.", 'start': 1256.966, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 1261.548, 'text': 'Initially, it was 10, now it has changed to 20.', 'start': 1259.467, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 1263.749, 'text': 'Similarly, I can change it again to 30 and see the result.', 'start': 1261.548, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 1273.305, 'text': 'So again, we have made it 30.', 'start': 1270.882, 'duration': 2.423}, {'end': 1274.767, 'text': 'And this is how variables work.', 'start': 1273.305, 'duration': 1.462}, {'end': 1278.471, 'text': "Because this is a temporary storage space, that's why I initially stored 10 in it.", 'start': 1274.787, 'duration': 3.684}, {'end': 1279.112, 'text': 'Then I replaced 10 with 20.', 'start': 1278.491, 'duration': 0.621}, {'end': 1285.626, 'text': 'Then I also replaced 20 with 30.', 'start': 1279.112, 'duration': 6.514}, {'end': 1287.467, 'text': 'So those are the variables.', 'start': 1285.626, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 1289.368, 'text': 'Now we have a simple example.', 'start': 1287.487, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 1291.369, 'text': 'So here we are taking two variables.', 'start': 1289.388, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 1294.191, 'text': 'One is of integer type and the other is of double type.', 'start': 1291.389, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 1298.253, 'text': 'Double means that you can use the values of decimal type.', 'start': 1294.231, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 1300.795, 'text': 'For now, just understand this much.', 'start': 1298.293, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 1302.656, 'text': 'Here is the integer.', 'start': 1300.855, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 1305.977, 'text': 'We have stored 10 in integer A and 20 in double B.', 'start': 1302.676, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 1309.519, 'text': 'After this, I will have to add these two through this program.', 'start': 1305.977, 'duration': 3.542}, {'end': 1315.237, 'text': 'So, we are coming to the main function.', 'start': 1312.756, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 1317.178, 'text': 'We have assigned these two values here.', 'start': 1315.297, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 1321.221, 'text': 'Then, here we are adding an integer and a decimal value.', 'start': 1317.199, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 1324.723, 'text': 'So, here we will denote the integer as %d and this is double.', 'start': 1321.241, 'duration': 3.482}, {'end': 1325.443, 'text': 'We denote double as %lf.', 'start': 1324.743, 'duration': 0.7}, {'end': 1327.804, 'text': 'If it is floating, we will denote floating as %f.', 'start': 1325.483, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 1331.727, 'text': 'If it is a double value, we will denote it as %lf.', 'start': 1328.305, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 1343.613, 'text': 'So here LF means long float.', 'start': 1341.212, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 1349.276, 'text': 'And here when we add an integer and a double, the result will be of double type.', 'start': 1344.574, 'duration': 4.702}, {'end': 1351.478, 'text': 'So here we will do %LF by doing equal to.', 'start': 1349.316, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 1356.84, 'text': 'Then here whatever will happen in these positions, we will give their variables.', 'start': 1351.518, 'duration': 5.322}, {'end': 1357.981, 'text': 'What is %D? It is A.', 'start': 1356.86, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 1360.182, 'text': 'What is %LF? It is B.', 'start': 1357.981, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 1363.844, 'text': 'And here in this %LF, we will put A plus B.', 'start': 1360.182, 'duration': 3.662}, {'end': 1367.506, 'text': 'And in this way we will get the result, then we just return 0.', 'start': 1363.844, 'duration': 3.662}, {'end': 1371.349, 'text': 'So, as you can see here, the return type of main is integer.', 'start': 1367.506, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 1376.052, 'text': 'In our previous program, the return type of main was void.', 'start': 1371.449, 'duration': 4.603}, {'end': 1377.573, 'text': 'Void means we are not returning anything.', 'start': 1376.092, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 1382.516, 'text': 'And because we have put the return type int here, it means we have to return some integer type.', 'start': 1377.613, 'duration': 4.903}, {'end': 1386.339, 'text': "And because we are not returning anything in it, that's why I will put return 0.", 'start': 1382.636, 'duration': 3.703}, {'end': 1388.66, 'text': 'So, 0 here means that we are just like a null value.', 'start': 1386.339, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 1397.085, 'text': 'The important thing here is not returning.', 'start': 1395.184, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 1403.988, 'text': 'And after this, if we have to wait for an input, we will enter getch, then this program will end here.', 'start': 1397.165, 'duration': 6.823}, {'end': 1407.03, 'text': "So, let's execute this program here.", 'start': 1404.008, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 1410.451, 'text': 'So, we have this integer variable orderly.', 'start': 1407.07, 'duration': 3.381}, {'end': 1412.612, 'text': 'So, here we have stored 30 in integer a.', 'start': 1410.471, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 1416.834, 'text': 'After this, I will have to make a double type variable.', 'start': 1412.612, 'duration': 4.222}, {'end': 1424.633, 'text': 'So, here I will write double b is equal to 50.34.', 'start': 1416.895, 'duration': 7.738}, {'end': 1429.695, 'text': 'So in this way I have created a value of double and here I have to write %d plus %lf.', 'start': 1424.633, 'duration': 5.062}, {'end': 1431.696, 'text': 'So here I will write %d plus %lf.', 'start': 1429.715, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 1434.577, 'text': 'So %lf means it will be doubled here.', 'start': 1431.796, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 1442.04, 'text': 'Then here I have to write s equal to %lf and here I have to give a plus b because that is what I want here.', 'start': 1434.597, 'duration': 7.443}, {'end': 1458.051, 'text': "Let's execute it and see the result.", 'start': 1454.969, 'duration': 3.082}, {'end': 1463.636, 'text': 'We are getting 30 plus 50.34 which is 80.34.', 'start': 1458.111, 'duration': 5.525}, {'end': 1468.58, 'text': 'In this way we can add an integer type variable and a double type variable.', 'start': 1463.636, 'duration': 4.944}, {'end': 1471.841, 'text': 'So these are the data types.', 'start': 1470.501, 'duration': 1.34}, {'end': 1474.642, 'text': 'Then we have different functions for different input type output.', 'start': 1471.881, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 1483.005, 'text': 'So if we want to print something on the console, we can use the printf function which we have been using till now.', 'start': 1474.662, 'duration': 8.343}, {'end': 1490.388, 'text': 'And if we want to take any input from the user, we can use scanf for that.', 'start': 1483.485, 'duration': 6.903}, {'end': 1496.17, 'text': 'And if I want to take any character input from the user, I can use getchar and putchar for that.', 'start': 1490.448, 'duration': 5.722}, {'end': 1502.073, 'text': 'Similarly, if I want to take a string from a user, I can use getS and putS.', 'start': 1497.27, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 1508.857, 'text': 'So getS is used to take a string from a user and putS is used to show a string on the console.', 'start': 1502.233, 'duration': 6.624}, {'end': 1512.459, 'text': 'So these are all different types of input and output functions.', 'start': 1508.877, 'duration': 3.582}, {'end': 1514.28, 'text': 'And then these are format strings.', 'start': 1512.879, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 1517.718, 'text': 'So we have seen format strings %d and %lf till now.', 'start': 1515.256, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 1522.402, 'text': 'And here it is written that this informs the scanf function.', 'start': 1518.038, 'duration': 4.364}, {'end': 1525.264, 'text': 'This works for both scanf and printf basically.', 'start': 1522.422, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 1532.671, 'text': 'What type of input to expect and in printf it is used to give a heads up to the compiler what type of output to the expect.', 'start': 1525.344, 'duration': 7.327}, {'end': 1540.354, 'text': 'So, when we give %d in printf or scanf, it means that it is an integer type variable.', 'start': 1533.331, 'duration': 7.023}, {'end': 1544.435, 'text': 'When we give %f, it means that it is a floating type variable.', 'start': 1540.374, 'duration': 4.061}, {'end': 1548.177, 'text': 'When we give %c, it means that it is a character type variable.', 'start': 1544.935, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 1553.219, 'text': 'And when we give %s, it means that it is a string type variable.', 'start': 1548.517, 'duration': 4.702}, {'end': 1556.54, 'text': 'So, all these things are basic in format strings.', 'start': 1553.759, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 1561.205, 'text': 'Then we see different data types.', 'start': 1557.841, 'duration': 3.364}, {'end': 1565.91, 'text': 'We have primitive types, derived types and user-defined types.', 'start': 1561.285, 'duration': 4.625}, {'end': 1569.834, 'text': 'In primitive types, all these are built-in data types.', 'start': 1565.97, 'duration': 3.864}, {'end': 1573.739, 'text': "User doesn't need to make all these by himself.", 'start': 1569.955, 'duration': 3.784}, {'end': 1577.763, 'text': 'Here, boolean, character, integer, floating point, double and void.', 'start': 1573.759, 'duration': 4.004}, {'end': 1583.108, 'text': 'Bullion means that there can be true or false values.', 'start': 1578.844, 'duration': 4.264}, {'end': 1585.449, 'text': 'This is the most basic thing.', 'start': 1583.168, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 1587.351, 'text': 'True or false, 0 or 1.', 'start': 1585.77, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 1589.513, 'text': 'Then there is character type data.', 'start': 1587.351, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 1592.135, 'text': 'Character means individual characters.', 'start': 1589.573, 'duration': 2.562}], 'summary': 'The transcript covers variable declaration, manipulation, addition, and input/output functions for different data types.', 'duration': 354.835, 'max_score': 1237.3, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM1237300.jpg'}, {'end': 1517.718, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1490.448, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1496.17, 'text': 'And if I want to take any character input from the user, I can use getchar and putchar for that.', 'start': 1490.448, 'duration': 5.722}, {'end': 1502.073, 'text': 'Similarly, if I want to take a string from a user, I can use getS and putS.', 'start': 1497.27, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 1508.857, 'text': 'So getS is used to take a string from a user and putS is used to show a string on the console.', 'start': 1502.233, 'duration': 6.624}, {'end': 1512.459, 'text': 'So these are all different types of input and output functions.', 'start': 1508.877, 'duration': 3.582}, {'end': 1514.28, 'text': 'And then these are format strings.', 'start': 1512.879, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 1517.718, 'text': 'So we have seen format strings %d and %lf till now.', 'start': 1515.256, 'duration': 2.462}], 'summary': 'Using getchar and putchar for character input, gets and puts for string input, and format strings %d and %lf are discussed.', 'duration': 27.27, 'max_score': 1490.448, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM1490448.jpg'}, {'end': 1748.45, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1717.661, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1720.003, 'text': 'So, we can work with array in this way.', 'start': 1717.661, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 1722.766, 'text': 'So, this is different primitive and derived type.', 'start': 1720.023, 'duration': 2.743}, {'end': 1726.289, 'text': 'So, we will understand about other things as we move forward.', 'start': 1722.786, 'duration': 3.503}, {'end': 1730.733, 'text': 'So, these are some complicated topics like structure, union and enumerators.', 'start': 1726.309, 'duration': 4.424}, {'end': 1733.155, 'text': 'So, we will cover them at the end of the session.', 'start': 1730.753, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 1736.759, 'text': 'So now we will implement the basic primitive data types.', 'start': 1734.417, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 1740.282, 'text': 'First of all, we have to import the file.', 'start': 1736.779, 'duration': 3.503}, {'end': 1748.45, 'text': 'So here I write hash include stdo.h Then I have to create the main function.', 'start': 1740.402, 'duration': 8.048}], 'summary': 'Introduction to working with arrays, primitive and derived types, and upcoming topics like structure, union, and enumerators.', 'duration': 30.789, 'max_score': 1717.661, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM1717661.jpg'}], 'start': 798.266, 'title': 'C programming basics', 'summary': 'Covers c program tokens, variables, primitive data types, and input/output functions, with examples and explanations. it discusses identifiers, keywords, constants, strings, operators, memory references, format strings, and derived data types, setting a foundation for programming concepts.', 'chapters': [{'end': 994.781, 'start': 798.266, 'title': 'Understanding c program tokens', 'summary': 'Discusses identifiers, keywords, constants, strings, and operators in c programming, emphasizing their significance and usage in forming a program, with examples and analogies.', 'duration': 196.515, 'highlights': ['Identifiers are names for variables, functions, or classes in a C program, allowing unique identification and the possibility of duplication. The concept of identifiers in C programming is crucial for uniquely naming variables, functions, or classes, similar to how names uniquely identify students in a class.', 'Keywords are reserved words in C language, such as true, false, or main, which cannot be used as identifiers and have predefined meanings. The chapter highlights the significance of keywords as reserved words in C language, with examples like true, false, or main, and emphasizes that they cannot be used as identifiers.', 'Constants are unchanging values that can be stored in variables, serving as temporary storage space. The explanation of constants in C programming emphasizes their unchanging nature and their role as values stored in variables, providing a temporary storage space.', "Strings are sequences of characters, such as names, and are represented by a sequence of characters, like 'Rajat', with each character forming the string. The chapter explains strings as sequences of characters, using the example of 'Rajat' to illustrate how characters together form a string, highlighting the essence of string representation.", 'Operators in C programming perform various operations, including arithmetic, relational, and logical operations. The significance of operators in C programming is emphasized, highlighting their capability to perform diverse operations, encompassing arithmetic, relational, and logical operations.']}, {'end': 1367.506, 'start': 994.781, 'title': 'Understanding variables in programming', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of variables in programming, highlighting their role as memory references whose values change during execution, and provides examples and syntax for declaring and initializing variables in c programming, with a demonstration of how to manipulate and print variable values.', 'duration': 372.725, 'highlights': ['Variables are memory references whose value changes during execution. Variables serve as memory references that can store and modify data during program execution, allowing for dynamic data manipulation.', 'Syntax for declaring and initializing variables in C programming is explained, including data type declaration and value assignment. The syntax for declaring and initializing variables in C programming involves specifying the data type (e.g., integer, boolean, float) and assigning a value to the variable, followed by examples demonstrating the process.', 'Demonstration of manipulating and printing variable values, showcasing the use of printf and variable formatting such as %d for integers and %lf for double values. The chapter includes a demonstration of manipulating and printing variable values in C programming, utilizing printf and variable formatting like %d for integers and %lf for double values, with examples of changing and printing variable values.']}, {'end': 1740.282, 'start': 1367.506, 'title': 'Primitive data types and input/output functions', 'summary': 'Explores the concept of primitive data types including boolean, character, integer, floating point, double, and void, and explains the usage of input/output functions such as printf, scanf, getchar, putchar, gets, and puts, as well as format strings like %d, %f, %c, and %s. it also discusses derived data types like arrays and hints at upcoming topics like structure, union, and enumerators.', 'duration': 372.776, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the concept of primitive data types including boolean, character, integer, floating point, double, and void, and their respective functionalities, with examples and clarifications. It also elucidates the usage of input/output functions such as printf, scanf, getchar, putchar, getS, and putS, elaborating on their distinct functions and application scenarios.', 'The chapter provides a clear understanding of format strings like %d, %f, %c, and %s, and their significance in indicating the type of input/output expected by the compiler, with detailed examples and explanations that aid in comprehension and retention.', 'The chapter introduces derived data types like arrays, emphasizing their utility in storing and managing large volumes of related data, and presents a practical example of using arrays to efficiently store and manage student information, enhancing the understanding of derived data types through real-world applications.', 'The chapter hints at upcoming topics such as structure, union, and enumerators, offering a roadmap for the reader to anticipate and prepare for the coming sections, creating a structured learning path and setting clear expectations for the subsequent content.']}], 'duration': 942.016, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM798266.jpg', 'highlights': ['Variables serve as memory references that can store and modify data during program execution, allowing for dynamic data manipulation.', 'The chapter provides a clear understanding of format strings like %d, %f, %c, and %s, and their significance in indicating the type of input/output expected by the compiler, with detailed examples and explanations that aid in comprehension and retention.', 'The chapter introduces derived data types like arrays, emphasizing their utility in storing and managing large volumes of related data, and presents a practical example of using arrays to efficiently store and manage student information, enhancing the understanding of derived data types through real-world applications.', 'The chapter hints at upcoming topics such as structure, union, and enumerators, offering a roadmap for the reader to anticipate and prepare for the coming sections, creating a structured learning path and setting clear expectations for the subsequent content.', 'The concept of identifiers in C programming is crucial for uniquely naming variables, functions, or classes, similar to how names uniquely identify students in a class.', 'The chapter explains the concept of primitive data types including boolean, character, integer, floating point, double, and void, and their respective functionalities, with examples and clarifications.', 'The explanation of constants in C programming emphasizes their unchanging nature and their role as values stored in variables, providing a temporary storage space.', 'The significance of operators in C programming is emphasized, highlighting their capability to perform diverse operations, encompassing arithmetic, relational, and logical operations.', 'Syntax for declaring and initializing variables in C programming is explained, including data type declaration and value assignment.', 'Demonstration of manipulating and printing variable values, showcasing the use of printf and variable formatting such as %d for integers and %lf for double values.']}, {'end': 2674.742, 'segs': [{'end': 1928.617, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1898.492, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1901.855, 'text': 'After this, we will make a character type variable.', 'start': 1898.492, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 1904.836, 'text': 'So, here I will write char a.', 'start': 1902.015, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 1907.258, 'text': 'And in this, I will store a character value.', 'start': 1904.836, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 1908.299, 'text': 'Suppose, I store f in this.', 'start': 1907.298, 'duration': 1.001}, {'end': 1914.467, 'text': "And here character's %c will be there.", 'start': 1911.125, 'duration': 3.342}, {'end': 1917.93, 'text': 'And here air will be there.', 'start': 1915.188, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 1920.812, 'text': 'Now I have to print this thing, compile and run.', 'start': 1917.95, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 1925.515, 'text': 'So we have successfully made a character type variable and we have also printed it.', 'start': 1921.172, 'duration': 4.343}, {'end': 1928.617, 'text': 'After this we have boolean type.', 'start': 1925.575, 'duration': 3.042}], 'summary': "Created and printed a character type variable storing the value 'f'. also introduced boolean type.", 'duration': 30.125, 'max_score': 1898.492, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM1898492.jpg'}, {'end': 1997.316, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1968.433, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1970.596, 'text': 'So, I will compile and run it.', 'start': 1968.433, 'duration': 2.163}, {'end': 1974.761, 'text': 'As you can see, we have got 1 here because we have true stored it.', 'start': 1970.976, 'duration': 3.785}, {'end': 1983.852, 'text': 'If I make it false again, then we will get 0 while printing because false integer value is 0.', 'start': 1974.861, 'duration': 8.991}, {'end': 1986.154, 'text': 'So, these are different types of data types.', 'start': 1983.852, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 1990.149, 'text': 'Now we will understand operators.', 'start': 1988.988, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 1995.074, 'text': 'As it is written here, C supports 5 types of operators.', 'start': 1990.229, 'duration': 4.845}, {'end': 1997.316, 'text': 'First of all, we have arithmetic operators.', 'start': 1995.354, 'duration': 1.962}], 'summary': 'C supports 5 types of operators, including arithmetic operators. true stores as 1, false as 0.', 'duration': 28.883, 'max_score': 1968.433, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM1968433.jpg'}, {'end': 2055.222, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2025.425, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2030.95, 'text': 'Suppose a single operand is a and I store 5 in a.', 'start': 2025.425, 'duration': 5.525}, {'end': 2033.112, 'text': 'Now we have two things in this.', 'start': 2030.95, 'duration': 2.162}, {'end': 2036.014, 'text': 'One is pre-increment and second is post-increment.', 'start': 2033.212, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 2046.72, 'text': 'Pre-increment means if we write plus plus a, So, the value stored will be incremented first and then printed.', 'start': 2036.515, 'duration': 10.205}, {'end': 2053.081, 'text': 'If we write Post Increment, then the value present in Post Increment will be printed and will be updated later.', 'start': 2047.18, 'duration': 5.901}, {'end': 2055.222, 'text': 'So, this is how Unary Operators work.', 'start': 2053.141, 'duration': 2.081}], 'summary': 'Unary operators increment and print values in pre- and post-increment scenarios, demonstrated with variable a storing 5.', 'duration': 29.797, 'max_score': 2025.425, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM2025425.jpg'}, {'end': 2302.503, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2114.542, 'weight': 0.905, 'content': [{'end': 2122.988, 'text': 'So, if I am using double equal to here, from double equal to, we can know whether the value stored in two operands is equal or not.', 'start': 2114.542, 'duration': 8.446}, {'end': 2124.87, 'text': 'Then, I get greater than symbol.', 'start': 2123.469, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 2128.833, 'text': 'I want to know whether one operand is more than the other operand.', 'start': 2124.89, 'duration': 3.943}, {'end': 2131.935, 'text': 'In this way, we can work with relational operators.', 'start': 2128.873, 'duration': 3.062}, {'end': 2134.137, 'text': 'Then, we get logical operators.', 'start': 2132.195, 'duration': 1.942}, {'end': 2136.018, 'text': 'Logical operators are AND and OR.', 'start': 2134.177, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 2146.367, 'text': "So, when we put logical operators with AND in between two operands, we get true when both operands' result is true.", 'start': 2138.66, 'duration': 7.707}, {'end': 2156.856, 'text': "If any of the operand's result is false, then the final result is false.", 'start': 2152.153, 'duration': 4.703}, {'end': 2165.201, 'text': "If we talk about OR operator, then in OR, if any of the operand's result is true, then the final result is true.", 'start': 2157.336, 'duration': 7.865}, {'end': 2169.584, 'text': 'If we talk about NOT, then NOT gives the exact opposite of the result.', 'start': 2165.301, 'duration': 4.283}, {'end': 2174.807, 'text': 'If it is true, then if NOT is true, then it will give false.', 'start': 2169.604, 'duration': 5.203}, {'end': 2178.85, 'text': 'If it is false, then if NOT is false, then it will give true.', 'start': 2174.927, 'duration': 3.923}, {'end': 2182.067, 'text': 'This is how we can work with logical operators.', 'start': 2179.926, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 2186.848, 'text': 'Then we have bitwise operators and assignment operators.', 'start': 2182.367, 'duration': 4.481}, {'end': 2193.53, 'text': 'With bitwise operators, as it is written in the name, we can make changes at the bit level.', 'start': 2186.868, 'duration': 6.662}, {'end': 2199.993, 'text': 'We can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication at the bit level.', 'start': 2193.57, 'duration': 6.423}, {'end': 2201.973, 'text': 'Finally, we have assignment operators.', 'start': 2200.053, 'duration': 1.92}, {'end': 2206.915, 'text': 'With assignment operators, we can assign a value to a variable.', 'start': 2201.993, 'duration': 4.922}, {'end': 2209.857, 'text': 'Now I will show you some examples of these operators.', 'start': 2207.475, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 2214.082, 'text': 'First of all, I will work with the addition operator.', 'start': 2209.877, 'duration': 4.205}, {'end': 2217.325, 'text': 'I will write a comment here.', 'start': 2214.242, 'duration': 3.083}, {'end': 2221.749, 'text': 'I will write a comment here.', 'start': 2220.188, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 2227.475, 'text': 'arithmetik operators I will have to give a double slash here.', 'start': 2222.47, 'duration': 5.005}, {'end': 2231.099, 'text': 'As you can see, it has converted to green.', 'start': 2228.658, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 2233.36, 'text': 'So, I have added this comment in this way.', 'start': 2231.139, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 2241.023, 'text': 'Now, suppose I have two such variables int a and I have stored the value of 10 in a.', 'start': 2233.38, 'duration': 7.643}, {'end': 2244.645, 'text': 'After this, I have another variable int b.', 'start': 2241.023, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 2247.686, 'text': 'So, I have stored the value of 20 in b.', 'start': 2244.645, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 2251.168, 'text': 'So, I have created these two in this way.', 'start': 2247.686, 'duration': 3.482}, {'end': 2253.509, 'text': 'Now, I have to perform the addition on these two.', 'start': 2251.208, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 2270.439, 'text': 'If I want to perform the addition, I will write in printf addition of a and b is because these are integers.', 'start': 2254.489, 'duration': 15.95}, {'end': 2276.943, 'text': 'I will have to write %d and the value will be a plus b.', 'start': 2270.439, 'duration': 6.504}, {'end': 2278.284, 'text': 'Because we have to print that only.', 'start': 2276.943, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 2281.485, 'text': 'Then I will have to write semicolon and getch again.', 'start': 2278.304, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 2288.594, 'text': 'And now we will execute it again and see what happens in the result.', 'start': 2284.491, 'duration': 4.103}, {'end': 2292.937, 'text': 'So in this way we have printed addition of A and B is 30.', 'start': 2288.614, 'duration': 4.323}, {'end': 2296.819, 'text': 'In the same way if I have to subtract these two.', 'start': 2292.937, 'duration': 3.882}, {'end': 2298.74, 'text': 'Means 10 minus 20.', 'start': 2296.859, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 2302.503, 'text': 'So here I will write subtraction of A and B is %D.', 'start': 2298.74, 'duration': 3.763}], 'summary': 'The transcript explains relational, logical, bitwise, and assignment operators with examples in c programming.', 'duration': 187.961, 'max_score': 2114.542, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM2114542.jpg'}, {'end': 2674.742, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2613.571, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2615.693, 'text': 'So, you already know the result.', 'start': 2613.571, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 2618.135, 'text': 'False and false will obviously be false.', 'start': 2616.093, 'duration': 2.042}, {'end': 2620.79, 'text': 'So, here we are getting 0.', 'start': 2619.81, 'duration': 0.98}, {'end': 2623.131, 'text': 'This is the AND operator.', 'start': 2620.79, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 2624.872, 'text': 'After this, we will work with OR operator.', 'start': 2623.151, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 2628.573, 'text': 'So, we can do OR operator with this pipe symbol.', 'start': 2625.032, 'duration': 3.541}, {'end': 2633.695, 'text': 'So, here I have given two pipe symbols and again I have written B here.', 'start': 2628.693, 'duration': 5.002}, {'end': 2636.456, 'text': 'So, I am checking false and false.', 'start': 2634.195, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 2639.837, 'text': "So, let's see what is the result.", 'start': 2637.096, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 2642.538, 'text': 'I get 0 because both are false.', 'start': 2640.017, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 2644.599, 'text': 'Here I do A and B.', 'start': 2643.018, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 2646.6, 'text': 'So, I am checking true and false now.', 'start': 2644.599, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 2651.699, 'text': 'True or false, I get true because one operand is true.', 'start': 2647.978, 'duration': 3.721}, {'end': 2657.24, 'text': 'Again, I am checking false or true.', 'start': 2652.179, 'duration': 5.061}, {'end': 2660.281, 'text': 'False or true, I get true again.', 'start': 2657.88, 'duration': 2.401}, {'end': 2664.142, 'text': 'Finally, we have A or A which is obviously true.', 'start': 2660.361, 'duration': 3.781}, {'end': 2668.723, 'text': 'If it is true with AND operator then it will be true with OR operator.', 'start': 2664.202, 'duration': 4.521}, {'end': 2672.004, 'text': 'So, A or A is obviously true.', 'start': 2669.023, 'duration': 2.981}, {'end': 2674.742, 'text': 'So, these are our logical operators.', 'start': 2673.322, 'duration': 1.42}], 'summary': 'Demonstration of logical operators: and, or. result: 0, true, true, true, true', 'duration': 61.171, 'max_score': 2613.571, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM2613571.jpg'}], 'start': 1740.402, 'title': 'Basics of c data types and operators', 'summary': 'Covers creation and printing of integer, float, and double data types, along with character and boolean data types, and various operators, including arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, and assignment operators in c programming.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1898.472, 'start': 1740.402, 'title': 'C data types and printing', 'summary': 'Covers the creation and printing of integer, float, and double data types in c, demonstrating the use of %d for integers, %f for floats, and %lf for doubles, and successfully printing the respective values.', 'duration': 158.07, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the creation and printing of integer, float, and double data types in C, demonstrating the use of %d for integers, %f for floats, and %lf for doubles, and successfully printing the respective values.', "The narrator creates an integer variable 'a' with the value 10 and prints it using %d, demonstrating successful creation and printing of an integer data type.", "The narrator creates a float variable 'a' with the value 10.45 and prints it using %f, showcasing the successful creation and printing of a float data type with decimal precision.", "The narrator creates a double variable 'a' with the value 100.995 and prints it using %lf, demonstrating the successful creation and printing of a double data type with extended precision."]}, {'end': 2199.993, 'start': 1898.492, 'title': 'Data types, operators, and values', 'summary': 'Covers data types including character and boolean, boolean type values true and false, and c supports 5 types of operators - arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, and assignment operators.', 'duration': 301.501, 'highlights': ["Character Type Variable Explains the creation of a character type variable 'a' storing the value 'f' with details on printing and usage of %c. Mentions successful creation and printing of the character type variable.", "Boolean Type and Values Describes the boolean type, inclusion of 'stdbool.h' library, storing 'true' in boolean type variable 'a', and the usage of %d to print true as 1 and false as 0. Provides an example of compiling and running the code to demonstrate the output.", 'Arithmetic Operators Covers the functionality of arithmetic operators including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Explains unary and binary operators with examples of pre-increment, post-increment, and addition of two operands.', 'Relational Operators Details the usage of relational operators to determine the relationship between operands, including checking for equality, greater than, and less than. Explains the purpose and functionality of double equal, greater than symbol, and relational operators.', "Logical Operators Explains logical operators 'AND', 'OR', and 'NOT' with examples. Describes the outcomes of using AND and OR operators with true and false operands, as well as the function of the NOT operator.", 'Bitwise Operators and Assignment Operators Discusses bitwise operators and their ability to perform operations at the bit level. Mentions the use of addition, subtraction, and multiplication with bitwise operators.']}, {'end': 2674.742, 'start': 2200.053, 'title': 'Operators in c programming', 'summary': 'Covers assignment, arithmetic, relational, and logical operators in c programming, demonstrating addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, checking for greater than, less than, equal to, not equal to, and and or operations, along with their outcomes.', 'duration': 474.689, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers assignment, arithmetic, relational, and logical operators in C programming This is the main topic of the chapter, providing an overview of the operators covered.', 'demonstrating addition, subtraction, multiplication, division Provides specific examples of arithmetic operations with quantifiable data such as addition of A and B resulting in 30.', 'checking for greater than, less than, equal to, not equal to Demonstrates the use of relational operators, showcasing examples such as checking if b is greater than a, resulting in 1.', 'AND and OR operations, along with their outcomes Explains the logic behind AND and OR operations with examples, like true and true resulting in 1 for AND operation.']}], 'duration': 934.34, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM1740402.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the creation and printing of integer, float, and double data types in C, demonstrating the use of %d for integers, %f for floats, and %lf for doubles, and successfully printing the respective values.', 'The chapter covers assignment, arithmetic, relational, and logical operators in C programming This is the main topic of the chapter, providing an overview of the operators covered.', "Character Type Variable Explains the creation of a character type variable 'a' storing the value 'f' with details on printing and usage of %c. Mentions successful creation and printing of the character type variable.", "Boolean Type and Values Describes the boolean type, inclusion of 'stdbool.h' library, storing 'true' in boolean type variable 'a', and the usage of %d to print true as 1 and false as 0. Provides an example of compiling and running the code to demonstrate the output.", 'Demonstrates specific examples of arithmetic operations with quantifiable data such as addition of A and B resulting in 30.', "Explains logical operators 'AND', 'OR', and 'NOT' with examples. Describes the outcomes of using AND and OR operators with true and false operands, as well as the function of the NOT operator.", 'Discusses bitwise operators and their ability to perform operations at the bit level. Mentions the use of addition, subtraction, and multiplication with bitwise operators.']}, {'end': 4378.572, 'segs': [{'end': 3537.844, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 3362.102, 'weight': 0.786, 'content': [{'end': 3368.109, 'text': 'You have to keep in mind that if you want to use any of these functions, you have to load this library, math.h.', 'start': 3362.102, 'duration': 6.007}, {'end': 3371.873, 'text': 'So, you cannot work with any of these methods without loading the library.', 'start': 3368.149, 'duration': 3.724}, {'end': 3385.885, 'text': 'For example, if I want to find the square root of something, you have written sqrt, in sqrt, if you pass a, then you will get its square root.', 'start': 3377.099, 'duration': 8.786}, {'end': 3387.466, 'text': "Then you have to find out someone's power.", 'start': 3385.905, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 3388.947, 'text': 'So here it is taking two parameters.', 'start': 3387.486, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 3394.612, 'text': 'The first is, whoever it is, here it is minus 1000, here it will be minus 1000 to the power 3.', 'start': 3388.988, 'duration': 5.624}, {'end': 3397.554, 'text': 'So two parameters, the second parameter indicates the exponent here.', 'start': 3394.612, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 3406.079, 'text': 'If you want to know the sign of something, then use the sign.', 'start': 3401.557, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 3410.482, 'text': 'If you want to know the absolute value of something, then use the mod value.', 'start': 3406.199, 'duration': 4.283}, {'end': 3412.943, 'text': 'If you want to know the mod value, then use the abs value.', 'start': 3410.502, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 3418.926, 'text': 'If you want to know the floor value of something, then use the 230.47.', 'start': 3412.963, 'duration': 5.963}, {'end': 3425.031, 'text': 'If you want to know the floor value, then use the 230.47.', 'start': 3418.926, 'duration': 6.105}, {'end': 3427.776, 'text': 'Then its ceiling value will be 230.5.', 'start': 3425.031, 'duration': 2.745}, {'end': 3431.822, 'text': 'So basically it indicates the lower limit and upper limit.', 'start': 3427.776, 'duration': 4.046}, {'end': 3433.004, 'text': 'So these are some basic things.', 'start': 3431.842, 'duration': 1.162}, {'end': 3435.047, 'text': 'So now we will work with all of them.', 'start': 3433.645, 'duration': 1.402}, {'end': 3442.362, 'text': "So, first of all, let's create an integer here.", 'start': 3439.741, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 3443.822, 'text': "Actually, let's make a floating value.", 'start': 3442.522, 'duration': 1.3}, {'end': 3449.283, 'text': 'So, I will write float a is equal to, we will store 100 in it.', 'start': 3443.842, 'duration': 5.441}, {'end': 3452.244, 'text': 'Suppose, after this, I have to find its square root.', 'start': 3449.623, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 3462.926, 'text': 'So, I will write printf here and inside printf, I will write square root of or square root s percent f.', 'start': 3452.284, 'duration': 10.642}, {'end': 3470.782, 'text': 'Here I have to use sqrt and I will pass a in sqrt.', 'start': 3464.139, 'duration': 6.643}, {'end': 3476.123, 'text': "And now let's execute it and see the result.", 'start': 3473.182, 'duration': 2.941}, {'end': 3482.766, 'text': 'Here square root is 10, which is the correct answer because square root of 100 is 10.', 'start': 3476.163, 'duration': 6.603}, {'end': 3488.468, 'text': 'Similarly, if I want to find out the sign of 100, here I use the sign function.', 'start': 3482.766, 'duration': 5.702}, {'end': 3489.008, 'text': 'Here I change it.', 'start': 3488.508, 'duration': 0.5}, {'end': 3494.253, 'text': 'then we will execute it.', 'start': 3492.143, 'duration': 2.11}, {'end': 3502.5, 'text': 'So, the sign value of 100 is probably this, minus 0.50 something.', 'start': 3497.039, 'duration': 5.461}, {'end': 3509.621, 'text': 'Similarly, if we look at the cos, I will write cos here, and now we will compile and run it.', 'start': 3502.52, 'duration': 7.101}, {'end': 3515.102, 'text': "This is actually the cos, because I haven't changed it here, that's why the sign is coming.", 'start': 3509.661, 'duration': 5.441}, {'end': 3516.283, 'text': 'Actually, the cos of this is 0.86.', 'start': 3515.142, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 3520.683, 'text': 'So, in this way, we can work with different mathematical functions.', 'start': 3516.283, 'duration': 4.4}, {'end': 3526.538, 'text': 'We have already worked with Boolean.', 'start': 3524.517, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 3529.96, 'text': "Let's look at another example.", 'start': 3526.558, 'duration': 3.402}, {'end': 3537.844, 'text': 'With Boolean, whether it is true or false, yes or no, we can see all these things with Boolean.', 'start': 3530.18, 'duration': 7.664}], 'summary': 'Explains how to use math.h library functions for square root, power, sign, absolute value, floor, and ceiling values, and demonstrates their usage with example values.', 'duration': 175.742, 'max_score': 3362.102, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM3362102.jpg'}, {'end': 3739.028, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3705.666, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3713.789, 'text': 'So, your parents say that if your marks in this mock test are more than 70, then you will get a party.', 'start': 3705.666, 'duration': 8.123}, {'end': 3719.311, 'text': 'If your marks are less than 70, then you cannot play outside for a week.', 'start': 3713.949, 'duration': 5.362}, {'end': 3721.432, 'text': 'So, this is again a condition.', 'start': 3719.331, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 3724.613, 'text': 'According to that condition, you are taking some decision.', 'start': 3721.492, 'duration': 3.121}, {'end': 3729.795, 'text': 'So, these conditional statements are of two types in C.', 'start': 3724.793, 'duration': 5.002}, {'end': 3730.515, 'text': 'If and If-else.', 'start': 3729.795, 'duration': 0.72}, {'end': 3739.028, 'text': 'If it rains, you cannot go out and play.', 'start': 3735.083, 'duration': 3.945}], 'summary': 'Conditional statements in c have two types: if and if-else.', 'duration': 33.362, 'max_score': 3705.666, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM3705666.jpg'}, {'end': 3853.164, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3820.823, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3825.904, 'text': 'So first of all I have to include all the libraries that I need.', 'start': 3820.823, 'duration': 5.081}, {'end': 3833.727, 'text': 'Here I will write hash include stdio.h After this, I will have to make my main function again.', 'start': 3825.944, 'duration': 7.783}, {'end': 3835.528, 'text': 'So, I will write void main.', 'start': 3833.747, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 3837.13, 'text': 'So, this is done.', 'start': 3835.548, 'duration': 1.582}, {'end': 3840.573, 'text': 'After this, I will have to take some conditions.', 'start': 3837.15, 'duration': 3.423}, {'end': 3845.997, 'text': 'So, suppose I take an integer variable a and I will store 10 in a.', 'start': 3840.613, 'duration': 5.384}, {'end': 3853.164, 'text': 'After that, I take another integer value b and I will store 20 in b.', 'start': 3845.997, 'duration': 7.167}], 'summary': 'C programming: includes libraries, defines main, sets integer variables a=10, b=20', 'duration': 32.341, 'max_score': 3820.823, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM3820823.jpg'}, {'end': 4276.829, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 4064.048, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4073.013, 'text': 'And then finally if both of these are false, means A is not the biggest and B is also not the biggest, then there can be only one result which is C.', 'start': 4064.048, 'duration': 8.965}, {'end': 4081.637, 'text': 'So here I will just use else and inside else I will put another printf and here I will write C is the greatest.', 'start': 4073.013, 'duration': 8.624}, {'end': 4086.382, 'text': 'Now I will execute it and we will see the result.', 'start': 4083.24, 'duration': 3.142}, {'end': 4090.724, 'text': 'So we are printing out here that C is the greatest.', 'start': 4086.642, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 4099.629, 'text': 'So in this way we can use multiple conditions inside the if condition by using the AND operator.', 'start': 4091.464, 'duration': 8.165}, {'end': 4103.47, 'text': 'So this is a kind of decision making statement.', 'start': 4100.966, 'duration': 2.504}, {'end': 4106.011, 'text': 'Then we have switch case.', 'start': 4103.49, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 4109.736, 'text': 'This switch case is a multi-way branching statement.', 'start': 4106.372, 'duration': 3.364}, {'end': 4116.363, 'text': 'We will not understand its theory, we will directly come to the code so that you can understand it easily.', 'start': 4109.756, 'duration': 6.607}, {'end': 4123.821, 'text': 'So, here we can check multiple conditions with switch case.', 'start': 4118.134, 'duration': 5.687}, {'end': 4125.844, 'text': 'So, here is an example.', 'start': 4124.421, 'duration': 1.423}, {'end': 4129.428, 'text': 'We have taken a variable E and stored this value 20 in that variable.', 'start': 4125.884, 'duration': 3.544}, {'end': 4131.691, 'text': 'After storing this value, we are using switch.', 'start': 4129.528, 'duration': 2.163}, {'end': 4141.019, 'text': 'And we are passing E inside the switch.', 'start': 4136.417, 'duration': 4.602}, {'end': 4144.14, 'text': 'So, after passing E, there are different cases here.', 'start': 4141.038, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 4145.462, 'text': 'So, we call it switch case.', 'start': 4144.161, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 4148.662, 'text': 'So, we are looking at the first case.', 'start': 4145.482, 'duration': 3.18}, {'end': 4151.984, 'text': 'In the first case, we are looking at the value of 10 inside E.', 'start': 4148.683, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 4155.147, 'text': 'So, after writing the case, you write the value here.', 'start': 4151.984, 'duration': 3.163}, {'end': 4158.849, 'text': 'And you are looking at the value if the case is 10.', 'start': 4155.647, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 4163.39, 'text': 'If the value is 10 inside E, then I am just printing out 10.', 'start': 4158.849, 'duration': 4.541}, {'end': 4166.332, 'text': 'After that, I will break this switch case.', 'start': 4163.39, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 4172.718, 'text': 'If the value is not 10, if the value is 20, then I have to print 20, then I will break it and come out of here.', 'start': 4166.874, 'duration': 5.844}, {'end': 4175.439, 'text': 'If the value is not 10 and not even 20, then I will write the default value.', 'start': 4172.877, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 4191.892, 'text': 'Means all the cases that I have written, if none of them is true, So, I can give a statement inside the default.', 'start': 4175.46, 'duration': 16.432}, {'end': 4196.055, 'text': 'And if all of them fail, then whatever is inside the default will be printed.', 'start': 4191.952, 'duration': 4.103}, {'end': 4199.017, 'text': 'So, this is your switch case.', 'start': 4196.075, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 4201.638, 'text': 'Now we will execute it in this compiler.', 'start': 4199.037, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 4205.921, 'text': 'I will remove this whole thing from here.', 'start': 4201.698, 'duration': 4.223}, {'end': 4208.823, 'text': 'And I will have to take a new variable.', 'start': 4206.001, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 4209.443, 'text': 'We take this only.', 'start': 4208.843, 'duration': 0.6}, {'end': 4213.784, 'text': 'We will store 30 in E this time.', 'start': 4211.443, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 4218.105, 'text': 'And here I have to use switch and I will pass E in switch.', 'start': 4213.824, 'duration': 4.281}, {'end': 4218.965, 'text': 'So, it will switch.', 'start': 4218.145, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 4222.386, 'text': 'Then I have to write case here.', 'start': 4219.065, 'duration': 3.321}, {'end': 4225.107, 'text': 'So, first of all I am checking if this is value 10.', 'start': 4222.426, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 4239.248, 'text': 'If there is 10 in E, I have to printout value is 10.', 'start': 4225.107, 'duration': 14.141}, {'end': 4242.129, 'text': 'And if it is true then I will just break it from here.', 'start': 4239.248, 'duration': 2.881}, {'end': 4246.932, 'text': 'If the case is not 10 then I will give another condition.', 'start': 4242.77, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 4250.533, 'text': 'So here I am checking if the value is 20.', 'start': 4246.952, 'duration': 3.581}, {'end': 4256.096, 'text': 'And if it is 20 then I will have to print value is 20.', 'start': 4250.533, 'duration': 5.563}, {'end': 4260.918, 'text': 'And again if it is true then I will have to break it from here.', 'start': 4256.096, 'duration': 4.822}, {'end': 4267.526, 'text': 'And then I will give third case and here I will write case 30.', 'start': 4261.699, 'duration': 5.827}, {'end': 4274.508, 'text': 'And if that value is equal to 30, I have to print value is 30.', 'start': 4267.526, 'duration': 6.982}, {'end': 4276.829, 'text': 'So, there are three cases.', 'start': 4274.508, 'duration': 2.321}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating the use of if-else and switch-case statements in programming, with examples and explanations.', 'duration': 70.828, 'max_score': 4064.048, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM4064048.jpg'}], 'start': 2674.762, 'title': 'C programming fundamentals', 'summary': 'Covers basics of data types and their sizes, including integers, floats, characters, and doubles. it also explores working with strings, math libraries, and conditional statements in c programming, including mathematical functions, boolean variables, and usage of if-else statements, switch case, and loops.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2834.371, 'start': 2674.762, 'title': 'Data types and size check', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of different data types and their respective sizes, demonstrating that integers and floats have 4 bytes, characters have 1 byte, and doubles have 8 bytes.', 'duration': 159.609, 'highlights': ['The size of double is 8 bytes, the size of float and integer is 4 bytes, and the size of character is 1 byte, demonstrating the varying sizes of different data types.', 'The chapter demonstrates the usage of the sizeof operator to determine the sizes of different data types, providing a practical understanding of how to check the size of each data type in C programming.', 'The chapter provides insights into the practical implementation of data types in C programming, illustrating the process of declaring and checking the size of integer, float, character, and double data types.']}, {'end': 3449.283, 'start': 2835.845, 'title': 'Working with strings and math libraries', 'summary': 'Covers working with strings, including methods like finding length, concatenation, comparison, and case conversion, and then moves on to using the math library, demonstrating functions like square root, exponentiation, sign, absolute value, floor value, and ceiling value.', 'duration': 613.438, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers working with strings, including methods like finding length, concatenation, comparison, and case conversion It explains the process of working with strings, demonstrating methods like finding length, concatenation, comparison, and case conversion using functions like strLength, strcat, strcmp, strlwr, and strUpr.', 'Using the math library, demonstrating functions like square root, exponentiation, sign, absolute value, floor value, and ceiling value It demonstrates the usage of the math library, showing functions like square root, exponentiation, sign, absolute value, floor value, and ceiling value through examples and explanations.']}, {'end': 3820.803, 'start': 3449.623, 'title': 'C programming - mathematical functions and conditional statements', 'summary': 'Covers the usage of mathematical functions like square root, sign, and cos, as well as the implementation of boolean variables and conditional statements such as if, if-else, and nested-if-else in c programming.', 'duration': 371.18, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates the usage of mathematical functions like square root, sign, and cos, with examples showcasing the correct results. The examples illustrate finding the square root of 100, the sign of 100, and the cos value, providing a practical understanding of the mathematical functions.', "The implementation of boolean variables and their value changes from true to false is explained, showcasing the transformation from 1 to 0. The usage of boolean variables is demonstrated through the initial value of 'machine is working' being true, which is then changed to false and printed as 0, providing a clear understanding of boolean operations.", 'The chapter covers the types of conditional statements in C programming, such as if and if-else, along with practical examples like the decision-making process based on raining conditions and exam scores. The explanation includes real-life scenarios like deciding to play football based on raining conditions and the consequences of exam scores, providing a comprehensive understanding of conditional statements in C programming.']}, {'end': 4378.572, 'start': 3820.823, 'title': 'Basic c programming concepts', 'summary': 'Covers the usage of if-else statements, switch case, and loops in c programming, with examples showcasing conditional logic and multi-way branching, and the concept of repeating a task in a loop.', 'duration': 557.749, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the usage of if-else statements with examples showcasing conditional logic and decision-making based on variable values. The chapter includes examples of using if-else statements to compare variables, demonstrate conditional logic, and showcase decision-making based on variable values.', 'The transcript provides a clear understanding of switch case, a multi-way branching statement, with examples of checking multiple conditions and a default case. The transcript includes examples of using switch case to check multiple conditions, defining cases for specific variable values, and understanding the default case.', 'The concept of loops is illustrated with a relatable example of filling a bucket with water, emphasizing the repetitive nature of tasks in programming. The concept of loops is illustrated with a relatable example of filling a bucket with water using a mug, highlighting the repetitive nature of tasks in programming.']}], 'duration': 1703.81, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM2674762.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter covers working with strings, including methods like finding length, concatenation, comparison, and case conversion', 'The chapter demonstrates the usage of mathematical functions like square root, sign, and cos, with examples showcasing the correct results', 'The chapter explains the usage of if-else statements with examples showcasing conditional logic and decision-making based on variable values', 'The chapter provides insights into the practical implementation of data types in C programming, illustrating the process of declaring and checking the size of integer, float, character, and double data types']}, {'end': 6545.48, 'segs': [{'end': 4494.509, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4440.404, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4443.406, 'text': 'After printing, the value of i will be incremented.', 'start': 4440.404, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 4446.669, 'text': 'Now the value of i is 0, it will be incremented to 1.', 'start': 4443.446, 'duration': 3.223}, {'end': 4452.052, 'text': 'After 1, we will again check whether 1 is less than 11.', 'start': 4446.669, 'duration': 5.383}, {'end': 4455.274, 'text': 'If it is true then we will go inside and print 1.', 'start': 4452.052, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 4457.836, 'text': 'Again i value will be incremented.', 'start': 4455.274, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 4458.496, 'text': 'Now it is 1 to 2.', 'start': 4457.856, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 4460.218, 'text': 'Then we will check if 2 is smaller than 11.', 'start': 4458.496, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 4463.84, 'text': 'If it is true then we will come inside the loop and execute the whole thing.', 'start': 4460.218, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 4465.621, 'text': 'So this is how for loop works.', 'start': 4463.86, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 4472.985, 'text': 'After this, we have while loop.', 'start': 4471.565, 'duration': 1.42}, {'end': 4474.346, 'text': 'While loop is very simple.', 'start': 4473.445, 'duration': 0.901}, {'end': 4477.886, 'text': 'You just write while and then you will set a condition in it.', 'start': 4474.366, 'duration': 3.52}, {'end': 4486.828, 'text': 'Suppose I set a condition here if i is less than 10 and we have to do the variable initialization outside the loop.', 'start': 4477.926, 'duration': 8.902}, {'end': 4490.069, 'text': 'Suppose I write outside here i is equal to 0.', 'start': 4486.848, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 4494.509, 'text': 'After doing i is equal to 0, I am checking the condition here.', 'start': 4490.069, 'duration': 4.44}], 'summary': 'Demonstration of for and while loops with increment and condition checks.', 'duration': 54.105, 'max_score': 4440.404, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM4440404.jpg'}, {'end': 4767.116, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4732.815, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4737.058, 'text': 'So in this way, while incrementing the value of i, i will finally become 5.', 'start': 4732.815, 'duration': 4.243}, {'end': 4740.841, 'text': 'And when the value of i becomes 5, then we will check that 5 is less than 5.', 'start': 4737.058, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 4743.283, 'text': 'And because it is false, we will come out of the loop.', 'start': 4740.841, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 4748.708, 'text': 'Whenever we work with a programming language, we have to work with data as well.', 'start': 4744.904, 'duration': 3.804}, {'end': 4752.611, 'text': 'And when we talk about data, we have to store it.', 'start': 4749.068, 'duration': 3.543}, {'end': 4755.053, 'text': 'And C language provides us variables to store data.', 'start': 4752.671, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 4767.116, 'text': 'Suppose we have to store these numbers 10, 20, and 30.', 'start': 4755.093, 'duration': 12.023}], 'summary': 'Incrementing i will reach 5, exiting loop. c language uses variables to store data.', 'duration': 34.301, 'max_score': 4732.815, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM4732815.jpg'}], 'start': 4378.612, 'title': 'C programming fundamentals', 'summary': 'Covers the syntax and functionality of for and while loops, variables and arrays in c, with examples and explanations, demonstrating the use of variables and data storage, resulting in the storage and printing of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and a, b, c, d, e respectively, and the addition of values from two arrays, along with the manipulation of arrays using for loops.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4755.053, 'start': 4378.612, 'title': 'C loops: for and while', 'summary': 'Explains the syntax and functionality of for and while loops in c, with examples and explanations of iterating through values and checking conditions, including the use of variables and data storage.', 'duration': 376.441, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the syntax and functionality of for and while loops in C. It provides a clear explanation of the syntax and functionality of for and while loops in C.', 'Examples and explanations of iterating through values and checking conditions are provided. It provides examples and explanations of iterating through values and checking conditions using for and while loops.', 'The use of variables and data storage is demonstrated. It demonstrates the use of variables and data storage in the context of for and while loops.']}, {'end': 5055.84, 'start': 4755.093, 'title': 'Variables in programming', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of variables as temporary storage spaces in programming, using c as an example, explaining how different values can be stored and changed within variables, and demonstrating the use of integer and character variables in code execution.', 'duration': 300.747, 'highlights': ['Variables as temporary storage spaces Explains the concept of variables as temporary storage spaces, highlighting the ability to change the stored values, demonstrated by storing and changing values of 10, 20, and 30 within a variable.', 'Demonstration of using integer variables Demonstrates the creation and usage of an integer variable to store and display the value 10, followed by changing the value to 20 and then to 30, showcasing the flexibility of variable storage.', 'Usage of character variables Illustrates the use of a character variable to store and display a character value, replacing the integer placeholder %d with the character placeholder %c and successfully executing the code.']}, {'end': 5657.153, 'start': 5061.206, 'title': 'Introduction to arrays in c', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of arrays in c, highlighting the inefficiency of variables in storing multiple values and demonstrating the creation and printing of integer and character arrays using for loops, resulting in the storage and printing of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and a, b, c, d, e respectively.', 'duration': 595.947, 'highlights': ['The inefficiency of variables in storing multiple values is illustrated with the example of needing 100 different variables to store 100 values, leading to time and space consumption.', 'The concept and functionality of arrays in C are introduced as a solution to the limitations of storing multiple values in variables, allowing multiple elements of the same data type to be stored in one place.', 'The detailed process of creating and printing an integer array using a for loop is explained, demonstrating the manual storage of values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and their subsequent printing with appropriate formatting.', 'The creation and printing of a character array is demonstrated, showcasing the storage of values A, B, C, D, E and their printing using the appropriate formatting for characters.', 'The prospect of feeding values into an array using a for loop is introduced, setting the stage for further exploration of array functionalities in C.']}, {'end': 5952.242, 'start': 5658.314, 'title': 'Array initialization and addition', 'summary': 'Explains the process of initializing and printing values of an array using a for loop, and then proceeds to demonstrate the addition of values from two arrays index-wise. it provides a step-by-step explanation of the program flow and output, including the initialized values (100, 101, 102, 103, and 104) and the subsequent addition of values from two arrays.', 'duration': 293.928, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the process of initializing and printing values of an array using a for loop, providing a step-by-step explanation of the program flow and output, including the initialized values (100, 101, 102, 103, and 104).', 'It then proceeds to demonstrate the addition of values from two arrays index-wise, outlining the problem statement and the plan to add values from arrays A and B in an index-wise manner.', "The transcript provides a detailed explanation of the for loop used to initialize the array values, along with the incrementation of the variable 'i' and the corresponding storage of values in the array.", "It also illustrates the utilization of separate local variables 'i' within different for loops and the printing of array values using the printf statement with the %d format specifier.", 'The chapter concludes with the successful compilation and execution of the program, showcasing the output of the initialized array values and the added values from two arrays.']}, {'end': 6545.48, 'start': 5952.302, 'title': 'Storing and manipulating arrays in c', 'summary': 'Explains the process of creating, storing, and manipulating arrays in c, including the use of for loops for iteration and addition of array elements, with a demonstration of single and two-dimensional arrays.', 'duration': 593.178, 'highlights': ['Creating and storing values in arrays A, B, and C using for loops The speaker demonstrates the process of creating and storing values in three arrays A, B, and C of size phi (5 in this case) using for loops and specific mathematical operations, effectively illustrating the process of array manipulation.', 'Printing the values of arrays A, B, and C after storage After storing values in arrays A, B, and C, the speaker prints the values using for loops, providing a visual confirmation of the stored data and the successful execution of the array manipulation operations.', 'Introduction to two-dimensional arrays The speaker introduces the concept of two-dimensional arrays, explaining their structure and the presence of rows and columns, laying the foundation for further exploration of this advanced data structure in C.']}], 'duration': 2166.868, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM4378612.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the syntax and functionality of for and while loops in C. It provides a clear explanation of the syntax and functionality of for and while loops in C.', 'The concept and functionality of arrays in C are introduced as a solution to the limitations of storing multiple values in variables, allowing multiple elements of the same data type to be stored in one place.', 'Creating and storing values in arrays A, B, and C using for loops The speaker demonstrates the process of creating and storing values in three arrays A, B, and C of size phi (5 in this case) using for loops and specific mathematical operations, effectively illustrating the process of array manipulation.']}, {'end': 8423.454, 'segs': [{'end': 7374.166, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7343.725, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7345.866, 'text': 'I mean, I have to add a00 and b00.', 'start': 7343.725, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 7347.948, 'text': 'Similarly, I have to add a01 and b01.', 'start': 7346.307, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 7353.492, 'text': 'So what will you add to these two? 9.', 'start': 7350.089, 'duration': 3.403}, {'end': 7355.313, 'text': 'Again you will add these two? 9.', 'start': 7353.492, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 7356.694, 'text': 'You will add these two? 9.', 'start': 7355.313, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 7358.255, 'text': 'So in this way I want that result.', 'start': 7356.694, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 7365.28, 'text': 'So now what will we do? For that I have to create another nested for loop here.', 'start': 7358.275, 'duration': 7.005}, {'end': 7370.144, 'text': 'So before that I have to declare array once here.', 'start': 7365.9, 'duration': 4.244}, {'end': 7374.166, 'text': 'These are my two variables here, i, a and b.', 'start': 7370.164, 'duration': 4.002}], 'summary': 'Adding a00 and b00, a01 and b01 gives 9 each, creating a nested for loop with variables i, a, and b.', 'duration': 30.441, 'max_score': 7343.725, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM7343725.jpg'}, {'end': 8363.119, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8302.344, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8305.246, 'text': 'Means you are using this logic again and again.', 'start': 8302.344, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 8308.808, 'text': "You don't have to write it again and again.", 'start': 8305.367, 'duration': 3.441}, {'end': 8310.589, 'text': 'C equal to A plus B.', 'start': 8308.848, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 8311.849, 'text': 'C equal to A plus B.', 'start': 8310.589, 'duration': 1.26}, {'end': 8312.87, 'text': 'C equal to A plus B.', 'start': 8311.849, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 8316.591, 'text': 'Right You are writing it once and you can use this logic 20 times.', 'start': 8312.87, 'duration': 3.721}, {'end': 8324.457, 'text': 'Course which can be repurposed, we need not have to write it again and again.', 'start': 8320.575, 'duration': 3.882}, {'end': 8326.958, 'text': "You don't have to write this code again and again.", 'start': 8324.477, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 8331.599, 'text': "Right? Let's understand this with another good example.", 'start': 8326.977, 'duration': 4.622}, {'end': 8334.441, 'text': "If you didn't understand this basic thing.", 'start': 8331.679, 'duration': 2.762}, {'end': 8339.743, 'text': 'Now, consider this example.', 'start': 8334.7, 'duration': 5.043}, {'end': 8345.285, 'text': 'Suppose your mom or dad has to go out.', 'start': 8341.624, 'duration': 3.661}, {'end': 8347.966, 'text': 'Right? And they will stay out from 8 am to 9 pm.', 'start': 8345.605, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 8353.196, 'text': 'So, you are alone at home.', 'start': 8350.575, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 8360.058, 'text': 'Now you will be hungry, right? So, you will definitely go to the kitchen to eat.', 'start': 8353.876, 'duration': 6.182}, {'end': 8363.119, 'text': 'So, your mother has prepared a cake for you at 8 in the morning.', 'start': 8360.077, 'duration': 3.042}], 'summary': 'Avoid repetition by reusing logic, as demonstrated in the example of using a cake prepared once to satisfy hunger multiple times.', 'duration': 60.775, 'max_score': 8302.344, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM8302343.jpg'}], 'start': 6545.48, 'title': 'Array operations in c', 'summary': 'Covers array initialization, value assignment, creation, and printing of 2d arrays, nested for loop explanation, nested for loop in c for array manipulation, creating and working with 3d arrays, and functions in c programming, with specific examples and quantifiable data.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6816.797, 'start': 6545.48, 'title': 'Array initialization and value assignment', 'summary': 'Explains the process of initializing a 3x3 integer array, assigning values to its elements using nested for loops, and incrementing the values to be stored, ultimately demonstrating the process of array value storage and printing.', 'duration': 271.317, 'highlights': ['The process involves initializing a 3x3 integer array and using nested for loops to assign values to its elements.', 'The nested for loops are used to increment the values to be stored, demonstrating the process of array value storage.', 'The chapter concludes with the explanation of creating a nested for loop for printing the values of the array.']}, {'end': 7061.328, 'start': 6816.817, 'title': 'Creating and printing a two-dimensional array', 'summary': 'Explores the creation and printing of a two-dimensional array with a size of 3x3, and then discusses the process of adding the values of two arrays with the same size.', 'duration': 244.511, 'highlights': ['The chapter explores the creation and printing of a two-dimensional array with a size of 3x3, and then discusses the process of adding the values of two arrays with the same size.', 'The two-dimensional array is created and printed in a format representing rows and columns, containing the values 0-8, demonstrating the concept of a two-dimensional array.', 'The process of adding the values of two arrays with the same size is discussed, paving the way for further exploration of array mathematics.', 'The chapter explains the creation and printing of a two-dimensional array with a size of 3x3, and then discusses the process of adding the values of two arrays with the same size.']}, {'end': 7343.645, 'start': 7061.468, 'title': 'Nested for loop explanation', 'summary': 'Explains the process of initializing, storing, and printing values in a nested for loop, with specific examples and quantifiable data.', 'duration': 282.177, 'highlights': ['The process of initializing, storing, and printing values in a nested for loop is explained in detail with specific examples and quantifiable data.', 'The chapter provides a step-by-step explanation of how the values are initialized and stored in a two-dimensional array, with specific examples and quantifiable data.', 'The detailed explanation includes the step-by-step process of initializing, storing, and printing values in a nested for loop, enhancing understanding of the concept.', 'The explanation covers the process of adding the values of two arrays, providing a comprehensive understanding of the nested for loop concept.']}, {'end': 7558.361, 'start': 7343.725, 'title': 'Nested for loop in c', 'summary': 'Demonstrates the use of nested for loops in c to add values from arrays a and b and store the result in array c, with the final output showing the addition of index values resulting in 9.', 'duration': 214.636, 'highlights': ['The chapter shows the process of using nested for loops in C to add values from arrays A and B and store the result in array C, with the final output showing the addition of index values resulting in 9.', 'The speaker declares and sets the values of variables a, b, and c, which are used for the array operations.', 'The process of using printf to print the values of array C with proper formatting is demonstrated.']}, {'end': 8068.362, 'start': 7565.333, 'title': 'Creating and working with 3d arrays', 'summary': 'Covers the process of creating a 3d array with three matrices of size 3x3, involving nested for loops and storing values from 1 to 27, resulting in a 3d array with three matrices.', 'duration': 503.029, 'highlights': ['The process of creating a 3D array involves using nested for loops to store values from 1 to 27, resulting in three matrices of size 3x3.', 'The chapter details the use of nested for loops to assign values to a 3D array, resulting in a sequential storage of values from 1 to 27.', 'The chapter demonstrates the use of nested for loops to print the values of the 3D array in a row-wise manner, resulting in the display of the three matrices with values ranging from 1 to 27.']}, {'end': 8423.454, 'start': 8068.422, 'title': 'Functions in c programming', 'summary': 'Discusses the basics of functions in c programming, covering the definition, types, working, parameters, recursion, practical examples, and advantages, emphasizing the importance of functions in dividing complex problems into smaller manageable tasks and their reusability for efficiency and convenience.', 'duration': 355.032, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the basics of functions in C programming, including definition, types, working, parameters, recursion, practical examples, and advantages. It provides a comprehensive overview of the various aspects of functions in C programming.', 'Functions play a crucial role in dividing complex problems into smaller manageable tasks, making it easier to understand and solve problems. Functions are described as blocks of code that perform particular tasks and are compared to dividing a complex problem into smaller pieces for easier understanding and problem-solving.', 'Functions offer reusability for efficiency and convenience, allowing code to be repurposed without the need to rewrite it repeatedly. The reusability of functions is emphasized through examples, illustrating how a logic for adding two numbers can be written once and used multiple times.']}], 'duration': 1877.974, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM6545480.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the basics of functions in C programming, including definition, types, working, parameters, recursion, practical examples, and advantages.', 'The process of creating a 3D array involves using nested for loops to store values from 1 to 27, resulting in three matrices of size 3x3.', 'The process of using nested for loops in C to add values from arrays A and B and store the result in array C, with the final output showing the addition of index values resulting in 9.', 'The process involves initializing a 3x3 integer array and using nested for loops to assign values to its elements.', 'The chapter explores the creation and printing of a two-dimensional array with a size of 3x3, and then discusses the process of adding the values of two arrays with the same size.', 'The process of adding the values of two arrays with the same size is discussed, paving the way for further exploration of array mathematics.']}, {'end': 9395.782, 'segs': [{'end': 8460.624, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8423.454, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 8431.001, 'text': 'matlab, ki aap same cheez ko baar baar use kar rahe hai, So that your work gets done.', 'start': 8423.454, 'duration': 7.547}, {'end': 8439.348, 'text': 'So your mother made a function and you are using the same function again and again for the whole 24 hours.', 'start': 8431.341, 'duration': 8.007}, {'end': 8443.171, 'text': 'A cake will become a function here.', 'start': 8439.448, 'duration': 3.723}, {'end': 8448.515, 'text': 'You are using this function again and again.', 'start': 8443.271, 'duration': 5.244}, {'end': 8460.624, 'text': "Right? If you still don't understand the function, then we will program it and then we will learn what functions are.", 'start': 8452.082, 'duration': 8.542}], 'summary': 'Using a function repeatedly for 24 hours in matlab to get work done', 'duration': 37.17, 'max_score': 8423.454, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM8423454.jpg'}, {'end': 8547.195, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8521.098, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8529.321, 'text': 'You will have to declare that function globally in the C program so that your entire program gets to know what the function name is,', 'start': 8521.098, 'duration': 8.223}, {'end': 8533.643, 'text': 'what the function parameter is and which return type the function is using.', 'start': 8529.321, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 8539.173, 'text': 'Now the name of the function is done.', 'start': 8537.172, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 8540.073, 'text': 'You can give any name.', 'start': 8539.213, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 8543.774, 'text': 'The function parameter is done which is in its brackets.', 'start': 8540.113, 'duration': 3.661}, {'end': 8547.195, 'text': 'We will discuss that later also what is the parameter.', 'start': 8544.174, 'duration': 3.021}], 'summary': 'In c programming, global function declaration is necessary, specifying name, parameter, and return type.', 'duration': 26.097, 'max_score': 8521.098, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM8521098.jpg'}, {'end': 8658.899, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8630.038, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 8636.18, 'text': 'So function definition means the body of the function, i.e. the actual thing of the function.', 'start': 8630.038, 'duration': 6.142}, {'end': 8648.174, 'text': 'We write the logic of the actual function in the function definition.', 'start': 8638.789, 'duration': 9.385}, {'end': 8652.356, 'text': 'It consists of statements which are going to perform a particular task.', 'start': 8648.994, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 8658.899, 'text': 'This is the actual logic or these are the actual statements which will perform that particular task.', 'start': 8653.036, 'duration': 5.863}], 'summary': 'Function definition contains logic and statements for task execution.', 'duration': 28.861, 'max_score': 8630.038, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM8630038.jpg'}, {'end': 8913.825, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8887.482, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 8896.287, 'text': 'This means that wherever you have written a function, you will have to write this statement to go there.', 'start': 8887.482, 'duration': 8.805}, {'end': 8901.875, 'text': 'I will repeat it once again.', 'start': 8899.173, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 8906.699, 'text': 'Whatever function you have written, wherever you have put the function definition.', 'start': 8901.895, 'duration': 4.804}, {'end': 8913.825, 'text': 'if you want to go there, then you will have to write this statement, which is called function call or function calling.', 'start': 8906.699, 'duration': 7.126}], 'summary': 'To call a function, use function call statement in the defined code.', 'duration': 26.343, 'max_score': 8887.482, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM8887482.jpg'}, {'end': 9334.35, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9299.292, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 9304.135, 'text': 'So you can see that the output has come here and it is saying addition 30.', 'start': 9299.292, 'duration': 4.843}, {'end': 9308.358, 'text': 'Right So it means that my addition is happening.', 'start': 9304.135, 'duration': 4.223}, {'end': 9316.083, 'text': "Let's change something in this whole program and show you that you are not understanding that change.", 'start': 9308.398, 'duration': 7.685}, {'end': 9330.507, 'text': 'So here as I told you that if I take another variable here int d and if I give it a value add 20 comma 30.', 'start': 9316.103, 'duration': 14.404}, {'end': 9331.488, 'text': "Let's print it.", 'start': 9330.507, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 9334.35, 'text': 'I will print the same thing here.', 'start': 9331.548, 'duration': 2.802}], 'summary': "The program output is 'addition 30', indicating the occurrence of addition.", 'duration': 35.058, 'max_score': 9299.292, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM9299292.jpg'}], 'start': 8423.454, 'title': 'Function declaration and definition in c', 'summary': 'Explains how to declare and define functions in c, emphasizing the importance of declaring functions globally, specifying the function name, parameters, and return type, and providing syntax examples. it also highlights the significance of using arguments inside a function for various data types. additionally, it emphasizes reusability and efficiency, function declaration and calling, passing values to a function, the concept of return, and program execution and function output in dev c++.', 'chapters': [{'end': 8602.582, 'start': 8423.454, 'title': 'Functions declaration and definition in c', 'summary': 'Explains how to declare and define functions in c, emphasizing the importance of declaring functions globally, specifying the function name, parameters, and return type, and providing syntax examples. additionally, it highlights the significance of using arguments inside a function for various data types.', 'duration': 179.128, 'highlights': ['Function declaration specifies the name, parameters, and return type, and must be declared globally in a C program.', 'The return type can be void, int, or float, and the function can have arguments of any data type.', 'The syntax of function declaration includes the return data type followed by the function name and data type arguments inside brackets.']}, {'end': 8828.538, 'start': 8602.622, 'title': 'Function declaration and definition', 'summary': 'Explains the declaration and definition of a function in c programming, including the syntax and practical examples, emphasizing the importance of reusability and efficiency.', 'duration': 225.916, 'highlights': ['A function declaration includes the return data type, function name, and argument list The declaration of a function involves specifying the return data type, function name, and the arguments, providing a clear structure for function usage.', 'Function definition comprises the actual logic or statements of the function The function definition contains the actual logic or statements that perform specific tasks, emphasizing the significance of the body of the function in executing tasks.', 'Understanding the practical use of a function is crucial for comprehension Emphasizing the importance of practical application to comprehend the real use and significance of a function in programming.']}, {'end': 9221.218, 'start': 8828.558, 'title': 'Function declaration and calling', 'summary': 'Explains function declaration and calling, including the declaration of a function with two arguments, function call, passing values to a function, the concept of return, and reusability of a function.', 'duration': 392.66, 'highlights': ["The function declaration includes the data type, name, and number of arguments, in this case, two arguments in the 'add' function. The function declaration includes the data type, name, and number of arguments, in this case, two arguments in the 'add' function.", 'The concept of function call is explained, emphasizing the requirement to write the function name and values in brackets followed by a semicolon to directly access the function. The concept of function call is explained, emphasizing the requirement to write the function name and values in brackets followed by a semicolon to directly access the function.', 'The process of passing values to a function is detailed, highlighting the transfer of values from the function call to the function definition. The process of passing values to a function is detailed, highlighting the transfer of values from the function call to the function definition.', 'The concept of return is explained, demonstrating the return of a value from the function to the main function for further processing. The concept of return is explained, demonstrating the return of a value from the function to the main function for further processing.', 'The reusability of a function is emphasized, illustrating that a function can be used multiple times without the need for redeclaration. The reusability of a function is emphasized, illustrating that a function can be used multiple times without the need for redeclaration.']}, {'end': 9395.782, 'start': 9221.238, 'title': 'Dev c++ program execution and function output', 'summary': 'Discusses running a program in dev c++, creating and saving a source file, identifying and rectifying errors, and demonstrating the reusability of a function by adding different variables and obtaining the respective output.', 'duration': 174.544, 'highlights': ["The program is run in Dev C++, resulting in an output displaying the addition of 30. The program is executed in Dev C++, yielding the output 'addition 30.'", 'Demonstration of the reusability of a function by adding different variables and obtaining the respective output. The reusability of a function is demonstrated by adding different variables and obtaining the corresponding output, highlighting the efficiency of the program logic.', "Identification and rectification of an error in the program, changing 'cat ch' to 'int main' and adding the return statement. An error in the program is identified and rectified by changing 'cat ch' to 'int main' and adding the return statement, resulting in successful execution.", 'The process of creating and saving a new source file in Dev C++. The process of creating and saving a new source file in Dev C++ is illustrated, emphasizing the initial steps of program development.']}], 'duration': 972.328, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM8423454.jpg', 'highlights': ['Function declaration specifies the name, parameters, and return type, and must be declared globally in a C program.', 'The return type can be void, int, or float, and the function can have arguments of any data type.', 'The syntax of function declaration includes the return data type followed by the function name and data type arguments inside brackets.', 'A function declaration includes the return data type, function name, and argument list The declaration of a function involves specifying the return data type, function name, and the arguments, providing a clear structure for function usage.', 'Function definition comprises the actual logic or statements of the function The function definition contains the actual logic or statements that perform specific tasks, emphasizing the significance of the body of the function in executing tasks.', 'Understanding the practical use of a function is crucial for comprehension Emphasizing the importance of practical application to comprehend the real use and significance of a function in programming.', "The function declaration includes the data type, name, and number of arguments, in this case, two arguments in the 'add' function. The function declaration includes the data type, name, and number of arguments, in this case, two arguments in the 'add' function.", 'The concept of function call is explained, emphasizing the requirement to write the function name and values in brackets followed by a semicolon to directly access the function. The concept of function call is explained, emphasizing the requirement to write the function name and values in brackets followed by a semicolon to directly access the function.', 'The process of passing values to a function is detailed, highlighting the transfer of values from the function call to the function definition. The process of passing values to a function is detailed, highlighting the transfer of values from the function call to the function definition.', 'The concept of return is explained, demonstrating the return of a value from the function to the main function for further processing. The concept of return is explained, demonstrating the return of a value from the function to the main function for further processing.', 'The reusability of a function is emphasized, illustrating that a function can be used multiple times without the need for redeclaration. The reusability of a function is emphasized, illustrating that a function can be used multiple times without the need for redeclaration.', "The program is run in Dev C++, resulting in an output displaying the addition of 30. The program is executed in Dev C++, yielding the output 'addition 30.'", 'Demonstration of the reusability of a function by adding different variables and obtaining the respective output. The reusability of a function is demonstrated by adding different variables and obtaining the corresponding output, highlighting the efficiency of the program logic.', "Identification and rectification of an error in the program, changing 'cat ch' to 'int main' and adding the return statement. An error in the program is identified and rectified by changing 'cat ch' to 'int main' and adding the return statement, resulting in successful execution.", 'The process of creating and saving a new source file in Dev C++. The process of creating and saving a new source file in Dev C++ is illustrated, emphasizing the initial steps of program development.']}, {'end': 11204.433, 'segs': [{'end': 10741.187, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10708.786, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 10712.149, 'text': 'Let me clear this so that it becomes a place to explain.', 'start': 10708.786, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 10717.413, 'text': 'Here, the user has given the value of n as 5.', 'start': 10713.19, 'duration': 4.223}, {'end': 10719.595, 'text': "Next, let's see what is written on the line.", 'start': 10717.413, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 10723.639, 'text': 'Factorial of %d equal to %ld.', 'start': 10719.655, 'duration': 3.984}, {'end': 10729.084, 'text': 'This is a digit but this is a long digit.', 'start': 10724.139, 'duration': 4.945}, {'end': 10733.908, 'text': 'It means that the digit number of this will be a little big.', 'start': 10729.124, 'duration': 4.784}, {'end': 10735.109, 'text': 'Comparatively with this.', 'start': 10733.948, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 10741.187, 'text': 'So, what is being printed here is N, which means it will print something like this.', 'start': 10736.203, 'duration': 4.984}], 'summary': 'Explanation of factorial calculation with n=5 and data types', 'duration': 32.401, 'max_score': 10708.786, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM10708786.jpg'}, {'end': 10823.333, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10762.539, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 10772.484, 'text': "Now where will it take you directly? Now let's see what is happening on the function.", 'start': 10762.539, 'duration': 9.945}, {'end': 10774.184, 'text': 'Return 0 will not be executed.', 'start': 10772.764, 'duration': 1.42}, {'end': 10778.246, 'text': 'As soon as you call it, it will come to the fact function.', 'start': 10774.244, 'duration': 4.002}, {'end': 10781.488, 'text': "Now let's see what is happening here.", 'start': 10778.346, 'duration': 3.142}, {'end': 10783.889, 'text': 'So the value of n was 5.', 'start': 10781.908, 'duration': 1.981}, {'end': 10788.351, 'text': 'So here also the value of n will be 5.', 'start': 10783.889, 'duration': 4.462}, {'end': 10789.951, 'text': 'Now 5 is greater than or equal to 1.', 'start': 10788.351, 'duration': 1.6}, {'end': 10791.512, 'text': 'So that is true.', 'start': 10789.951, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 10793.053, 'text': 'So what is being returned?', 'start': 10791.952, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 10797.889, 'text': 'you should know that it is returning means it has to go back here.', 'start': 10794.528, 'duration': 3.361}, {'end': 10808.513, 'text': 'so here we will write a line that what is happening on the first line, what is happening on the first returning, you can see here.', 'start': 10797.889, 'duration': 10.624}, {'end': 10814.255, 'text': 'it is written here 5 into fact.', 'start': 10808.513, 'duration': 5.742}, {'end': 10816.615, 'text': 'after that it is written n minus 1.', 'start': 10814.255, 'duration': 2.36}, {'end': 10818.156, 'text': 'so n minus 1 becomes 4 right.', 'start': 10816.615, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 10823.333, 'text': 'so 5 into Fact 4.', 'start': 10818.156, 'duration': 5.177}], 'summary': 'The function is recursively calculating 5! by calling itself with decreasing values of n.', 'duration': 60.794, 'max_score': 10762.539, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM10762539.jpg'}, {'end': 10949.108, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10918.511, 'weight': 15, 'content': [{'end': 10920.532, 'text': 'But the question is when it will stop.', 'start': 10918.511, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 10923.233, 'text': 'And you must have understood that when it will stop.', 'start': 10920.592, 'duration': 2.641}, {'end': 10925.174, 'text': 'Because there is a condition here.', 'start': 10923.273, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 10929.375, 'text': 'As soon as this condition becomes false, this thing will stop.', 'start': 10925.274, 'duration': 4.101}, {'end': 10933.777, 'text': "But what will happen after stopping? Now let's see that too.", 'start': 10929.435, 'duration': 4.342}, {'end': 10935.077, 'text': 'So first I will complete it.', 'start': 10933.957, 'duration': 1.12}, {'end': 10938.138, 'text': "Let's erase it.", 'start': 10935.117, 'duration': 3.021}, {'end': 10945.026, 'text': 'Here 2 into fact, 2 minus 1.', 'start': 10938.158, 'duration': 6.868}, {'end': 10946.687, 'text': "you don't need to explain this.", 'start': 10945.026, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 10949.108, 'text': 'you know what I am writing.', 'start': 10946.687, 'duration': 2.421}], 'summary': 'Discussion on the condition for stopping a process, followed by a mathematical example.', 'duration': 30.597, 'max_score': 10918.511, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM10918511.jpg'}, {'end': 11172.829, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11107.928, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 11114.072, 'text': 'And until that condition was false, all other functions were incomplete.', 'start': 11107.928, 'duration': 6.144}, {'end': 11115.653, 'text': 'Means their output was not coming.', 'start': 11114.372, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 11121.693, 'text': 'But there came a time when I got a value like fact 0.', 'start': 11117.17, 'duration': 4.523}, {'end': 11125.835, 'text': 'At fact 0, we got a value of 1.', 'start': 11121.693, 'duration': 4.142}, {'end': 11133.16, 'text': 'And because of that, we went back up and fetched the entire value line by line.', 'start': 11125.835, 'duration': 7.325}, {'end': 11137.592, 'text': 'So, in the beginning, our fact 0 became 1.', 'start': 11134.07, 'duration': 3.522}, {'end': 11138.732, 'text': '1 into 1 gave me 1.', 'start': 11137.592, 'duration': 1.14}, {'end': 11142.895, 'text': 'And whose 1 is the output of fact 1? So, 1 into 2 became 2.', 'start': 11138.732, 'duration': 4.163}, {'end': 11145.156, 'text': 'After that, the answer of fact 2 became 2.', 'start': 11142.895, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 11146.016, 'text': 'So, 2 into 3 became 6.', 'start': 11145.156, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 11149.838, 'text': 'I will write it here so that you can get it in a line.', 'start': 11146.016, 'duration': 3.822}, {'end': 11150.779, 'text': 'The answer of this became 6.', 'start': 11149.858, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 11151.739, 'text': 'The answer of fact 3 was 6.', 'start': 11150.779, 'duration': 0.96}, {'end': 11153.06, 'text': 'So, 6 into 4 became 24.', 'start': 11151.739, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 11163.386, 'text': 'And then, 24 was of fact 4.', 'start': 11153.06, 'duration': 10.326}, {'end': 11167.386, 'text': 'So, 24 x 5 is 120.', 'start': 11163.386, 'duration': 4}, {'end': 11172.829, 'text': 'So this was a program from recursion whose name is Factorial.', 'start': 11167.386, 'duration': 5.443}], 'summary': 'A recursive factorial program calculated factorials up to 5, with the final result being 120.', 'duration': 64.901, 'max_score': 11107.928, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM11107928.jpg'}], 'start': 9395.802, 'title': 'Functions in c', 'summary': 'Covers types of functions in c programming, function flow, parameter handling, function parameters vs. arguments, and recursion. it provides real examples and emphasizes the ability to define multiple functions and explains the concept of recursion. additionally, it demonstrates the process of finding the maximum value of two numbers and the computation of factorial using recursive functions.', 'chapters': [{'end': 9837.333, 'start': 9395.802, 'title': 'Types of functions in c', 'summary': 'Covers the two types of functions in c programming, standard library functions, and user-defined functions, explaining their characteristics and usage, alongside the flow of functions, including return types, function names, parameters, and function bodies.', 'duration': 441.531, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the two types of functions in C programming, standard library functions, and user-defined functions. The transcript discusses the two main types of functions in C programming, providing insights into standard library functions and user-defined functions.', 'Explains the characteristics and usage of standard library functions and user-defined functions. It explains the nature of standard library functions like printf and main, highlighting that they are predefined and provided by the developers of C programming language, alongside user-defined functions created by the user.', 'Describes the flow of functions, including return types, function names, parameters, and function bodies. The transcript elaborates on the flow of functions, discussing the concept of return types such as int, float, and void, the function name, parameters as placeholders, and the function body containing the logic of the function.']}, {'end': 10132.277, 'start': 9837.333, 'title': 'Function flow and calling example', 'summary': 'Discusses the workflow of a function, including function calling, execution flow, and parameter handling, using a real example to demonstrate the process and logic. it explains the process of finding the maximum value of two numbers using a function and conditional statements.', 'duration': 294.944, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the workflow of a function, including function calling, execution flow, and parameter handling. It explains the flow of a function, including the process of function calling, execution flow, and parameter handling.', 'Using a real example to demonstrate the process and logic. The chapter uses a real example to demonstrate the process and logic of function workflow and calling.', 'Explains the process of finding the maximum value of two numbers using a function and conditional statements. It explains the process of finding the maximum value of two numbers using a function and conditional statements.']}, {'end': 10388.448, 'start': 10133.882, 'title': 'Understanding function parameters and arguments', 'summary': 'Discusses the differences between function parameters and arguments, explaining their role in function declaration, definition, and calling, and provides an example of a void user-defined function.', 'duration': 254.566, 'highlights': ['Function parameters are the variables written in the function definition, while function arguments are the values passed during function calling. The transcript explains that function parameters are the variables written in the function definition, and function arguments are the values passed during function calling.', 'The chapter provides an example of a void user-defined function, explaining its purpose and demonstrating its execution in Dev C++. The example of a void user-defined function is given, along with an explanation of its purpose and demonstration of its execution in Dev C++.', 'The transcript discusses the flow and function calling of a function, including the function declaration, calling, and definition. The chapter covers the flow and function calling of a function, encompassing the function declaration, calling, and definition.']}, {'end': 10620.721, 'start': 10402.12, 'title': 'Functions and recursion in c', 'summary': 'Discusses the important points about functions in c, emphasizing the main function and the concept of recursion, highlighting the ability to define multiple functions, and the concept of recursion where a function calls itself, which will be further explained in the next topic.', 'duration': 218.601, 'highlights': ['The concept of recursion, where a function calls itself, is a key point in the chapter, as it will be further explained in the next topic.', 'The discussion emphasizes the importance of the main function in C programs, stating that every C program must have at least one function which is main.', 'The ability to define multiple functions in C programs is highlighted, with no limit on the number of functions that can be created.']}, {'end': 11204.433, 'start': 10620.721, 'title': 'Understanding recursive functions', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of recursive functions using the example of a factorial program, demonstrating how the functions repeat until a condition becomes false, and how the values are fetched to compute the factorial of 5 as 120.', 'duration': 583.712, 'highlights': ["The program demonstrates the recursive nature of functions by repeatedly calling the 'fact' function until a condition becomes false, showing the step-by-step computation of the factorial of 5 as 120, providing a practical understanding of recursion.", 'The explanation provides a clear breakdown of how the recursive process works, detailing the repeated function calls and the condition that stops the recursion, leading to a comprehensive understanding of recursive functions.', 'The detailed walkthrough of the factorial program illustrates the step-by-step computation of factorial values and the flow of function calls, aiding in grasping the concept of recursion and its practical application in programming.', 'The chapter starts by defining the concept of factorial and then delves into the program, explaining each step thoroughly, providing a comprehensive understanding of recursion through practical demonstration and explanation.', 'The demonstration using the factorial program effectively elucidates the concept of recursion, making it easier to comprehend through a real-world example and practical demonstration of how recursive functions operate in programming.']}], 'duration': 1808.631, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM9395802.jpg', 'highlights': ["The program demonstrates the recursive nature of functions by repeatedly calling the 'fact' function until a condition becomes false, showing the step-by-step computation of the factorial of 5 as 120, providing a practical understanding of recursion.", 'The detailed walkthrough of the factorial program illustrates the step-by-step computation of factorial values and the flow of function calls, aiding in grasping the concept of recursion and its practical application in programming.', 'The chapter starts by defining the concept of factorial and then delves into the program, explaining each step thoroughly, providing a comprehensive understanding of recursion through practical demonstration and explanation.', 'The demonstration using the factorial program effectively elucidates the concept of recursion, making it easier to comprehend through a real-world example and practical demonstration of how recursive functions operate in programming.', 'The transcript discusses the flow and function calling of a function, encompassing the function declaration, calling, and definition.', 'The chapter covers the flow of functions, discussing the concept of return types such as int, float, and void, the function name, parameters as placeholders, and the function body containing the logic of the function.', 'The chapter covers the two types of functions in C programming, standard library functions, and user-defined functions, providing insights into standard library functions and user-defined functions.', 'The chapter discusses the workflow of a function, including function calling, execution flow, and parameter handling.', 'The chapter discusses the two main types of functions in C programming, providing insights into standard library functions and user-defined functions.', 'The chapter provides an example of a void user-defined function, explaining its purpose and demonstrating its execution in Dev C++.', 'The explanation provides a clear breakdown of how the recursive process works, detailing the repeated function calls and the condition that stops the recursion, leading to a comprehensive understanding of recursive functions.', 'The concept of recursion, where a function calls itself, is a key point in the chapter, as it will be further explained in the next topic.', 'The ability to define multiple functions in C programs is highlighted, with no limit on the number of functions that can be created.', 'The transcript explains that function parameters are the variables written in the function definition, and function arguments are the values passed during function calling.', 'The discussion emphasizes the importance of the main function in C programs, stating that every C program must have at least one function which is main.', 'Explains the process of finding the maximum value of two numbers using a function and conditional statements.']}, {'end': 12554.945, 'segs': [{'end': 11482.658, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11448.337, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 11450.779, 'text': 'Now, when the value of i is 1, then 1 is less than 10.', 'start': 11448.337, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 11451.96, 'text': 'That is also true.', 'start': 11450.779, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 11456.122, 'text': 'It means that Fibonacci will take 1 to the function.', 'start': 11452.06, 'duration': 4.062}, {'end': 11460.425, 'text': 'Now, it is written on the function that i double equal to 0.', 'start': 11456.142, 'duration': 4.283}, {'end': 11461.246, 'text': 'But, my i is 1.', 'start': 11460.425, 'duration': 0.821}, {'end': 11463.207, 'text': 'So, it will not return 0.', 'start': 11461.246, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 11465.349, 'text': "Next, let's come to this statement.", 'start': 11463.207, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 11468.151, 'text': '1 is double equal to 1.', 'start': 11467.33, 'duration': 0.821}, {'end': 11473.033, 'text': 'So it is returning 1 which means it will go back to the function and print 1.', 'start': 11468.151, 'duration': 4.882}, {'end': 11482.658, 'text': 'When I told you about the Fibonacci series earlier, I told you that two terms are fixed here.', 'start': 11473.033, 'duration': 9.625}], 'summary': 'Explanation of fibonacci function for i=1, returning 1 as part of series.', 'duration': 34.321, 'max_score': 11448.337, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM11448337.jpg'}, {'end': 11664.36, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11634.337, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 11636.659, 'text': 'Wrong 3 is double equal to 1.', 'start': 11634.337, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 11638.14, 'text': "Wrong Let's come to Fibonacci.", 'start': 11636.659, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 11640.402, 'text': 'So, here I will write the second line.', 'start': 11638.16, 'duration': 2.242}, {'end': 11643.064, 'text': 'I am writing the same function in short.', 'start': 11640.482, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 11644.805, 'text': "So, let's remove the value of i.", 'start': 11643.084, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 11646.426, 'text': 'What was the value of i? 3.', 'start': 11644.805, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 11652.691, 'text': 'What is 3 minus 1? 2.', 'start': 11646.426, 'duration': 6.265}, {'end': 11655.533, 'text': 'After that, Fib here is 3-2 which is 1.', 'start': 11652.691, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 11664.36, 'text': 'Now, notice that what is the value of this value 1? You have got the value of Fibonacci 2 which you had called earlier.', 'start': 11655.533, 'duration': 8.827}], 'summary': 'Incorrect mathematical calculation demonstrated with fibonacci sequence', 'duration': 30.023, 'max_score': 11634.337, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM11634337.jpg'}, {'end': 11853.778, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11828.286, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 11832.81, 'text': "You don't have to go up or down, or the incomplete task is not happening.", 'start': 11828.286, 'duration': 4.524}, {'end': 11835.151, 'text': 'I hope you understand what I am saying here.', 'start': 11833.19, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 11842.231, 'text': 'So we were getting these values directly here and this is a very easy program to do the Fibonacci series.', 'start': 11836.988, 'duration': 5.243}, {'end': 11850.236, 'text': "So now let's go directly to Dev C++ and run this program and see what its output is.", 'start': 11842.271, 'duration': 7.965}, {'end': 11853.778, 'text': "So let's copy this and my file is already made on Dev C++.", 'start': 11850.636, 'duration': 3.142}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating a simple fibonacci series program in dev c++.', 'duration': 25.492, 'max_score': 11828.286, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM11828286.jpg'}, {'end': 11972.747, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11943.114, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 11946.656, 'text': 'After that, something is being printed, sum equal to.', 'start': 11943.114, 'duration': 3.542}, {'end': 11947.736, 'text': "Let's print it.", 'start': 11946.976, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 11949.397, 'text': 'Sum equal to.', 'start': 11948.777, 'duration': 0.62}, {'end': 11954.74, 'text': 'But what is being printed, I will not know because here, function is being called.', 'start': 11949.417, 'duration': 5.323}, {'end': 11957.781, 'text': 'So, this function call will go directly down on the function.', 'start': 11954.76, 'duration': 3.021}, {'end': 11960.883, 'text': 'Now, what is it taking? It is taking a num.', 'start': 11957.941, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 11962.984, 'text': 'It means that it is taking 10.', 'start': 11960.923, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 11965.085, 'text': 'The value of n will be 10.', 'start': 11962.984, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 11967.062, 'text': '10 is not equal to 0.', 'start': 11965.085, 'duration': 1.977}, {'end': 11968.683, 'text': 'True, 10 is not equal to 0.', 'start': 11967.062, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 11972.747, 'text': "So what is the return? Let's write the first.", 'start': 11968.683, 'duration': 4.064}], 'summary': 'Function call with num=10, evaluates to true.', 'duration': 29.633, 'max_score': 11943.114, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM11943114.jpg'}, {'end': 12196.564, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12149.282, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 12150.523, 'text': '15 plus 6 is increasing.', 'start': 12149.282, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 12151.483, 'text': '15 plus 6 is 21.', 'start': 12150.543, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 12151.963, 'text': '21 plus 7 is 28.', 'start': 12151.483, 'duration': 0.48}, {'end': 12152.603, 'text': '28 plus 8 is 36.', 'start': 12151.963, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 12153.843, 'text': 'It is increasing.', 'start': 12152.603, 'duration': 1.24}, {'end': 12154.324, 'text': 'This is 43.', 'start': 12153.863, 'duration': 0.461}, {'end': 12174.929, 'text': 'This is 53.', 'start': 12154.324, 'duration': 20.605}, {'end': 12176.73, 'text': 'Now you can understand what we are doing here.', 'start': 12174.929, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 12177.851, 'text': 'Here you can see this whole line.', 'start': 12176.75, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 12178.631, 'text': '10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.', 'start': 12177.871, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 12180.233, 'text': 'All these numbers are being added.', 'start': 12178.632, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 12182.955, 'text': 'And you are getting a total number.', 'start': 12180.333, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 12192.901, 'text': 'Sum is 53.', 'start': 12182.995, 'duration': 9.906}, {'end': 12196.564, 'text': "Now let's see how it will come back here.", 'start': 12192.901, 'duration': 3.663}], 'summary': 'The numbers in the sequence are being added, resulting in an increasing sum, reaching 53.', 'duration': 47.282, 'max_score': 12149.282, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM12149282.jpg'}, {'end': 12376.926, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12348.752, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 12354.495, 'text': "It means that we don't need to write the same program or the same logic again and again.", 'start': 12348.752, 'duration': 5.743}, {'end': 12362.939, 'text': 'You can write it once and you can use that logic again and again, which I have also told you by using many examples.', 'start': 12354.555, 'duration': 8.384}, {'end': 12371.023, 'text': 'Similarly, if you remember, I also gave you an example that if your mother is making a cake and keeping it,', 'start': 12363.119, 'duration': 7.904}, {'end': 12376.926, 'text': 'then you are using that cake again and again to satiate your hunger right?', 'start': 12371.023, 'duration': 5.903}], 'summary': 'Reusing logic saves time and effort, like reusing a cake for hunger.', 'duration': 28.174, 'max_score': 12348.752, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM12348752.jpg'}], 'start': 11204.533, 'title': 'Fibonacci series and c functions', 'summary': 'Covers the implementation of factorial and fibonacci series, explaining recursion and the generation of fibonacci series. it also discusses the advantages of using functions in c, including code repetition avoidance and program management simplification.', 'chapters': [{'end': 11324.6, 'start': 11204.533, 'title': 'Factorial and fibonacci series', 'summary': 'Covers the implementation of a factorial program to calculate factorials of large numbers and an explanation of the fibonacci series using recursion, with a focus on the first two numbers being 0 and 1 and how subsequent numbers are derived from adding the previous two numbers.', 'duration': 120.067, 'highlights': ["The chapter covers the implementation of a factorial program to calculate factorials of large numbers. Demonstrates the use of the 'long' data type to handle large numbers and explains the need for using 'long' when dealing with very big numbers.", 'An explanation of the Fibonacci series using recursion, focusing on the first two numbers being 0 and 1 and how subsequent numbers are derived from adding the previous two numbers. Describes the nature of the Fibonacci series where the first two numbers are fixed as 0 and 1, and subsequent numbers are obtained by adding the previous two numbers.']}, {'end': 11828.266, 'start': 11326.98, 'title': 'Understanding fibonacci series', 'summary': 'Explains the fibonacci series and recursion by demonstrating the execution of a program to print the first 10 numbers of the series, highlighting the function call, comparison, and return values.', 'duration': 501.286, 'highlights': ['The for loop iterates through the first 10 numbers of the Fibonacci series, demonstrating the function call and return values, providing a clear understanding of recursion and its importance.', 'The explanation of the function call and return values for each iteration of the for loop highlights the application of recursion in obtaining the numbers of the Fibonacci series.', 'Detailed explanation of the recursive function call and return values for obtaining the Fibonacci series, including the addition of previous terms, emphasizes the concept and importance of recursion in programming.', 'Clear demonstration of the function call and return values for each iteration of the for loop, providing a visual understanding of recursion in action and its significance in programming.']}, {'end': 12287.533, 'start': 11828.286, 'title': 'Fibonacci series and sum of natural numbers', 'summary': 'Explains the process of generating the fibonacci series and calculating the sum of natural numbers using a recursive method, demonstrating the output of the program and discussing the errors in the addition process.', 'duration': 459.247, 'highlights': ['Explanation of generating Fibonacci series and calculating the sum of natural numbers using a recursive method The speaker demonstrates the process of generating the Fibonacci series and calculating the sum of natural numbers using a recursive method, providing an in-depth explanation of the recursive function and its output.', 'Discussion on errors in the addition process The speaker acknowledges errors in the addition process for calculating the sum of natural numbers, highlighting the discrepancy between the expected and actual output.', 'Demonstration of the program output in DevSuite process The speaker runs the program in the DevSuite process, showcasing the output and identifying a discrepancy in the addition result.']}, {'end': 12554.945, 'start': 12287.753, 'title': 'Advantages of using functions in c', 'summary': 'Discusses the advantages of using functions in c, including avoiding code repetition, flexibility in calling functions, and simplifying program management by dividing it into multiple functions, reducing chances of error.', 'duration': 267.192, 'highlights': ['By using functions, we can avoid rewriting same code again and again in a program, leading to improved efficiency and reduced code duplication.', 'We can call C functions any number of times in a program and from any place in a program, providing flexibility in program structure and function usage.', 'We can track a large C program easily when it is divided into multiple functions, reducing chances of error and simplifying program management.']}], 'duration': 1350.412, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM11204533.jpg', 'highlights': ["The chapter covers the implementation of a factorial program to calculate factorials of large numbers using the 'long' data type.", 'Explanation of the Fibonacci series using recursion, focusing on the first two numbers being 0 and 1 and how subsequent numbers are derived from adding the previous two numbers.', 'The for loop iterates through the first 10 numbers of the Fibonacci series, demonstrating the function call and return values, providing a clear understanding of recursion and its importance.', 'Detailed explanation of the recursive function call and return values for obtaining the Fibonacci series, including the addition of previous terms, emphasizes the concept and importance of recursion in programming.', 'Explanation of generating Fibonacci series and calculating the sum of natural numbers using a recursive method, providing an in-depth explanation of the recursive function and its output.', 'Discussion on errors in the addition process for calculating the sum of natural numbers, highlighting the discrepancy between the expected and actual output.', 'Demonstration of the program output in DevSuite process, showcasing the output and identifying a discrepancy in the addition result.', 'By using functions, we can avoid rewriting the same code again and again in a program, leading to improved efficiency and reduced code duplication.', 'We can call C functions any number of times in a program and from any place in a program, providing flexibility in program structure and function usage.', 'We can track a large C program easily when it is divided into multiple functions, reducing chances of error and simplifying program management.']}, {'end': 14387.971, 'segs': [{'end': 12700.592, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12649.584, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 12656.806, 'text': 'Address means, as you also live at home, right? So, if you want to invite someone, you will provide your address to them.', 'start': 12649.584, 'duration': 7.222}, {'end': 12660.727, 'text': 'Only then, they will read the address and come to your location.', 'start': 12656.886, 'duration': 3.841}, {'end': 12665.118, 'text': 'Right? Similarly, there is an address of this memory location.', 'start': 12660.807, 'duration': 4.311}, {'end': 12669.821, 'text': 'Assume that the address of this particular memory location is 2496.', 'start': 12665.218, 'duration': 4.603}, {'end': 12679.565, 'text': 'At this particular point, it is written that the pointer is a variable that stores the addresses of other variables.', 'start': 12669.821, 'duration': 9.744}, {'end': 12683.007, 'text': 'The address of this variable is 2496.', 'start': 12679.645, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 12685.788, 'text': 'So, the pointer stores that address.', 'start': 12683.007, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 12690.452, 'text': 'Now you must be thinking that.', 'start': 12688.57, 'duration': 1.882}, {'end': 12692.353, 'text': 'what does it mean?', 'start': 12690.452, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 12693.955, 'text': 'Why is it storing it here?', 'start': 12692.373, 'duration': 1.582}, {'end': 12697.83, 'text': 'So why is it storing and what is its use?', 'start': 12694.847, 'duration': 2.983}, {'end': 12700.592, 'text': 'We will see that on how to use pointers.', 'start': 12697.87, 'duration': 2.722}], 'summary': 'Pointers store addresses of variables, like 2496, enabling memory location access.', 'duration': 51.008, 'max_score': 12649.584, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM12649584.jpg'}, {'end': 12962.333, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12905.423, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 12911.346, 'text': 'ok, similarly, if you see below, there is one more example float star ptr comma variable.', 'start': 12905.423, 'duration': 5.923}, {'end': 12921.45, 'text': 'now this ptr will point to the float data types, but this variable is not a pointer, it is a normal float variable.', 'start': 12911.346, 'duration': 10.104}, {'end': 12924.692, 'text': 'ok, so it will store the values of the float data types.', 'start': 12921.45, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 12931.739, 'text': 'So now you must have understood how to denote pointers and which operator is used to denote pointers.', 'start': 12926.237, 'duration': 5.502}, {'end': 12936.3, 'text': 'Now here the concept of operators does not end.', 'start': 12931.759, 'duration': 4.541}, {'end': 12940.802, 'text': 'There are two more operators which we use.', 'start': 12936.54, 'duration': 4.262}, {'end': 12944.343, 'text': 'One is asterisk which I told you is star.', 'start': 12941.042, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 12948.364, 'text': 'And one is address operator which is ampersand.', 'start': 12944.943, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 12954.166, 'text': 'Now we will understand what is ampersand and we will also understand what is the use of asterisk.', 'start': 12949.125, 'duration': 5.041}, {'end': 12960.271, 'text': "We don't use this to denote a pointer, it also has a meaning.", 'start': 12956.229, 'duration': 4.042}, {'end': 12962.333, 'text': 'Now we will see this.', 'start': 12960.311, 'duration': 2.022}], 'summary': 'Learning about pointers, asterisk, and ampersand operators in programming.', 'duration': 56.91, 'max_score': 12905.423, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM12905423.jpg'}, {'end': 13121.388, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 12905.423, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 12911.346, 'text': 'ok, similarly, if you see below, there is one more example float star ptr comma variable.', 'start': 12905.423, 'duration': 5.923}, {'end': 12921.45, 'text': 'now this ptr will point to the float data types, but this variable is not a pointer, it is a normal float variable.', 'start': 12911.346, 'duration': 10.104}, {'end': 12924.692, 'text': 'ok, so it will store the values of the float data types.', 'start': 12921.45, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 12931.739, 'text': 'So now you must have understood how to denote pointers and which operator is used to denote pointers.', 'start': 12926.237, 'duration': 5.502}, {'end': 12936.3, 'text': 'Now here the concept of operators does not end.', 'start': 12931.759, 'duration': 4.541}, {'end': 12940.802, 'text': 'There are two more operators which we use.', 'start': 12936.54, 'duration': 4.262}, {'end': 12944.343, 'text': 'One is asterisk which I told you is star.', 'start': 12941.042, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 12948.364, 'text': 'And one is address operator which is ampersand.', 'start': 12944.943, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 12954.166, 'text': 'Now we will understand what is ampersand and we will also understand what is the use of asterisk.', 'start': 12949.125, 'duration': 5.041}, {'end': 12960.271, 'text': "We don't use this to denote a pointer, it also has a meaning.", 'start': 12956.229, 'duration': 4.042}, {'end': 12962.333, 'text': 'Now we will see this.', 'start': 12960.311, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 12966.995, 'text': 'Address operator returns the address, memory location of a particular variable.', 'start': 12962.853, 'duration': 4.142}, {'end': 12977.181, 'text': 'Now if you have a memory location and it has an address, then the address operator returns the address of any memory location.', 'start': 12967.956, 'duration': 9.225}, {'end': 12982.545, 'text': 'If you want the address of any memory location, then you will use the AND symbol.', 'start': 12977.462, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 12989.114, 'text': 'What does pointer do? Pointer variable returns the value which is inside specified address.', 'start': 12984.107, 'duration': 5.007}, {'end': 12995.043, 'text': 'Which means, star is used to find the value inside this address.', 'start': 12989.995, 'duration': 5.048}, {'end': 13000.542, 'text': "Once again let's understand.", 'start': 12998.76, 'duration': 1.782}, {'end': 13005.026, 'text': 'Address operator returns the address memory location of a particular variable.', 'start': 13001.122, 'duration': 3.904}, {'end': 13009.87, 'text': 'Means if we want the address of a particular variable then we will use AND.', 'start': 13005.546, 'duration': 4.324}, {'end': 13014.114, 'text': 'Pointer variable returns the value which is inside a specified address.', 'start': 13010.751, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 13019.819, 'text': 'Means if we want the value of that particular address then we will use pointers.', 'start': 13014.574, 'duration': 5.245}, {'end': 13030.355, 'text': "Now let's see how to write these pointers and what is the problem of address and memory location.", 'start': 13021.809, 'duration': 8.546}, {'end': 13039.041, 'text': "Let's use this in programming language and write a program to see how pointers work.", 'start': 13031.015, 'duration': 8.026}, {'end': 13047.406, 'text': 'To use pointers, we will first understand a normal program and then we will use the same program in Dev C++ IDE.', 'start': 13039.121, 'duration': 8.285}, {'end': 13058.329, 'text': 'First of all, to use C programming language, we have to insert a preprocessor directive and write a main method which I have written here.', 'start': 13050.865, 'duration': 7.464}, {'end': 13062.951, 'text': 'After that, we are taking a variable int i equal to 200.', 'start': 13058.389, 'duration': 4.562}, {'end': 13068.894, 'text': 'Now the data type of this i variable is integer and the value is 200.', 'start': 13062.951, 'duration': 5.943}, {'end': 13073.796, 'text': 'A memory location will be created in which the value of 200 and the name of that variable is i.', 'start': 13068.894, 'duration': 4.902}, {'end': 13080.419, 'text': 'Now the address of that particular memory location is 7058.', 'start': 13073.796, 'duration': 6.623}, {'end': 13085.02, 'text': "This address can be anything, it is random, so we can't know the number of that address.", 'start': 13080.419, 'duration': 4.601}, {'end': 13088.12, 'text': "That's why we have taken it as 7058.", 'start': 13085.04, 'duration': 3.08}, {'end': 13091.881, 'text': "Now let's see what is written in the program.", 'start': 13088.12, 'duration': 3.761}, {'end': 13094.242, 'text': 'We are denoting a pointer.', 'start': 13091.921, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 13097.062, 'text': 'The name of the pointer is pointer.', 'start': 13094.262, 'duration': 2.8}, {'end': 13103.383, 'text': "We have taken this variable as pointer so that you don't have a problem in understanding that it is a pointer.", 'start': 13097.382, 'duration': 6.001}, {'end': 13106.284, 'text': "There is a star here, that's why it is a pointer.", 'start': 13103.403, 'duration': 2.881}, {'end': 13109.162, 'text': 'then a memory location of the pointer will also be created.', 'start': 13107.281, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 13114.304, 'text': 'After that, it will also have an address because every memory location has an address.', 'start': 13109.242, 'duration': 5.062}, {'end': 13115.945, 'text': 'For example, it has 7058.', 'start': 13114.685, 'duration': 1.26}, {'end': 13121.388, 'text': 'Similarly, it has an address of this pointer which is 4586.', 'start': 13115.945, 'duration': 5.443}], 'summary': 'Introduction to pointers, address operators, and memory locations in programming.', 'duration': 47.592, 'max_score': 12905.423, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM12905423.jpg'}, {'end': 13972.581, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 13793.073, 'weight': 0.766, 'content': [{'end': 13799.857, 'text': 'Why? Because u means unsigned and unsigned means all the positive integers and positive numbers.', 'start': 13793.073, 'duration': 6.784}, {'end': 13810.618, 'text': 'When we have written it here, then this is the correct format and this is the basic concept which is very useful in pointers.', 'start': 13803.191, 'duration': 7.427}, {'end': 13817.323, 'text': "Now let's come to the next topic which is the size of pointers and let's understand what is the size of the pointer.", 'start': 13810.678, 'duration': 6.645}, {'end': 13820.251, 'text': 'So, we know the sizes of all the data types.', 'start': 13818.41, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 13825.992, 'text': 'For example, the size of char is 1 byte, the size of short is 2 bytes.', 'start': 13820.271, 'duration': 5.721}, {'end': 13829.373, 'text': 'The size of int depends on your compiler.', 'start': 13826.653, 'duration': 2.72}, {'end': 13832.274, 'text': 'If your compiler is 32-bit, then it will take 2 bytes.', 'start': 13829.494, 'duration': 2.78}, {'end': 13835.515, 'text': 'If your compiler is 64-bit, then it will take 4 bytes.', 'start': 13832.374, 'duration': 3.141}, {'end': 13840.117, 'text': 'Similarly, the size of long is 8 bytes, the size of float is 4 bytes, and the size of double is 8 bytes.', 'start': 13835.535, 'duration': 4.582}, {'end': 13842.738, 'text': 'All these are the sizes of data types.', 'start': 13840.137, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 13847.82, 'text': "Now let's talk about the size of the pointer.", 'start': 13843.878, 'duration': 3.942}, {'end': 13855.965, 'text': 'Before looking at this table, understand that if we talk about 32-bit compiler, then the size of int becomes 2 bytes.', 'start': 13847.84, 'duration': 8.125}, {'end': 13860.167, 'text': 'Similarly, if you are working on 32-bit, then the size of pointer becomes 4 bytes.', 'start': 13856.005, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 13863.686, 'text': 'You have to remember this.', 'start': 13862.165, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 13867.988, 'text': 'Now, if you talk about 64-bit, then the size of the int becomes 4 bytes.', 'start': 13864.346, 'duration': 3.642}, {'end': 13871.991, 'text': 'Similarly, the size of the pointer also increases by 8 bytes.', 'start': 13868.669, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 13875.933, 'text': 'Now, where will we see these 4 bytes and 8 bytes?', 'start': 13872.771, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 13880.176, 'text': 'How will we know that the size of the pointer is actually 4 bytes?', 'start': 13875.973, 'duration': 4.203}, {'end': 13885.499, 'text': 'And when we work on 64-bit, then the size of the pointer is actually 8 bytes.', 'start': 13880.296, 'duration': 5.203}, {'end': 13888.961, 'text': "Now, let's see how we can see this in programs.", 'start': 13885.639, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 13895.755, 'text': 'Before going to the program, you should theoretically understand what will happen here.', 'start': 13891.613, 'duration': 4.142}, {'end': 13899.617, 'text': 'Now this is a particular program.', 'start': 13897.656, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 13911.704, 'text': 'If you see here, then a structure is made here named student and there is an integer in it, there is a character in it and there is a float.', 'start': 13899.737, 'duration': 11.967}, {'end': 13916.246, 'text': 'The byte of integer is 2 bytes, right? The byte of char is 1 byte.', 'start': 13911.724, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 13922.414, 'text': 'And float becomes 4 bytes.', 'start': 13921.112, 'duration': 1.302}, {'end': 13925.097, 'text': 'So what is the total? 26.', 'start': 13922.474, 'duration': 2.623}, {'end': 13932.446, 'text': 'Means this structure has a full size of 26.', 'start': 13925.097, 'duration': 7.349}, {'end': 13934.587, 'text': "Now let's come to the main method.", 'start': 13932.446, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 13937.429, 'text': 'What is written on the main method? A char is written.', 'start': 13934.627, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 13938.21, 'text': 'So it has 1 byte.', 'start': 13937.469, 'duration': 0.741}, {'end': 13939.631, 'text': 'Int is written.', 'start': 13938.85, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 13940.852, 'text': 'So it has 2 bytes.', 'start': 13939.651, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 13945.414, 'text': 'And then there is struct which is on a pointer only.', 'start': 13941.292, 'duration': 4.122}, {'end': 13949.917, 'text': 'Means all these variables CPTR, IPTR and SPTR are pointers.', 'start': 13945.775, 'duration': 4.142}, {'end': 13957.731, 'text': 'So how much will be the pointer of struct? 26.', 'start': 13949.937, 'duration': 7.794}, {'end': 13962.614, 'text': 'Now you must be thinking that there is a pointer here, so its size should be different.', 'start': 13957.731, 'duration': 4.883}, {'end': 13964.636, 'text': 'Correct? Yes, its size should be different.', 'start': 13962.975, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 13967.818, 'text': 'We will see how and where it will change.', 'start': 13964.656, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 13972.581, 'text': 'Now we will first see what we are doing on this printf statement.', 'start': 13967.838, 'duration': 4.743}], 'summary': "Pointers' sizes vary with compiler, 32-bit int->2 bytes, 64-bit int->4 bytes, 32-bit pointer->4 bytes, 64-bit pointer->8 bytes.", 'duration': 179.508, 'max_score': 13793.073, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM13793073.jpg'}, {'end': 14044.377, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14016.421, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 14020.924, 'text': 'Size of char star is 1, size of int star is 2, size of instrument star is 26.', 'start': 14016.421, 'duration': 4.503}, {'end': 14027.59, 'text': 'But it is not like that because the pointer will always give 4 bytes.', 'start': 14020.924, 'duration': 6.666}, {'end': 14031.513, 'text': 'Now, why will it always give 4 bytes? This is important to know.', 'start': 14027.89, 'duration': 3.623}, {'end': 14036.254, 'text': '4 bytes in char, 4 bytes in integer, 4 bytes in student structure.', 'start': 14032.373, 'duration': 3.881}, {'end': 14042.676, 'text': 'Why is it giving the same value or same size in all three places?', 'start': 14036.254, 'duration': 6.422}, {'end': 14044.377, 'text': 'We need to learn this.', 'start': 14043.616, 'duration': 0.761}], 'summary': 'Pointers always give 4 bytes, regardless of data type or structure size.', 'duration': 27.956, 'max_score': 14016.421, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM14016421.jpg'}], 'start': 12555.686, 'title': 'Understanding pointers in programming', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of pointers in programming, emphasizing its role in accessing memory locations and storing the address of variables, with detailed explanations of memory addresses, pointer variables, and the use of asterisk and ampersand operators, using specific addresses and values such as 7058 and 200. additionally, it discusses the process of creating, storing, and printing values using pointers in c++ and explains the concept of pointer sizes in relation to the compiler bit, stating that in a 32-bit compiler, pointer sizes are 4 bytes for all data types, while in a 64-bit compiler, pointer sizes are 8 bytes, demonstrated through examples and practical demonstrations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 12669.821, 'start': 12555.686, 'title': 'Understanding pointers in programming', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of pointers in programming, emphasizing its role in accessing memory locations and storing the address of variables, with an example of accessing a value of 10 from a memory location.', 'duration': 114.135, 'highlights': ['Pointers are used to access the value from a memory location, such as accessing the value 10 from a memory location, providing a clear understanding of its role in programming.', "A pointer is a variable that stores the address of another variable, illustrated through the example of a variable 'ptr' storing the address of another variable 'A'.", 'The concept of pointers is compared to providing an address to invite someone, creating a relatable analogy for understanding the role of pointers in programming.']}, {'end': 13073.796, 'start': 12669.821, 'title': 'Understanding pointers in c', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of pointers, including their syntax, usage with different data types, and the role of address and memory location operators, emphasizing the significance of asterisk and ampersand.', 'duration': 403.975, 'highlights': ['Pointers store the addresses of other variables and are denoted by using the asterisk operator, with examples provided for declaring pointer variables. Pointers are variables that store the addresses of other variables and are denoted by using the asterisk operator. Examples of declaring pointer variables for different data types are provided.', 'The use of asterisk as an operator to find the value inside a specified address is explained, along with the role of the address operator in returning the memory location of a particular variable. The use of asterisk as an operator to find the value inside a specified address is explained, along with the role of the address operator in returning the memory location of a particular variable.', 'The concept of pointers is further illustrated by demonstrating their usage in a program written in C programming language within the Dev C++ IDE. The concept of pointers is further illustrated by demonstrating their usage in a program written in C programming language within the Dev C++ IDE.']}, {'end': 13367.503, 'start': 13073.796, 'title': 'Understanding pointers in c', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of pointers in c, with detailed explanations of memory addresses, pointer variables, and the use of asterisk and ampersand operators, using specific addresses and values such as 7058 and 200.', 'duration': 293.707, 'highlights': ['Understanding the concept of pointers and their usage, including the asterisk and ampersand operators, and specific memory addresses such as 7058 and values like 200.', 'Explaining the process of storing memory addresses in pointer variables and fetching the values using asterisk operator, with examples using specific addresses and values.', 'Demonstrating the usage of AND operator to fetch memory addresses and values, emphasizing the importance of understanding pointer usage in C programming.']}, {'end': 13792.772, 'start': 13367.543, 'title': 'Using pointers in c++', 'summary': "Discusses the process of creating, storing, and printing values using pointers in c++, including understanding memory addresses and their values, with an emphasis on the correct usage of '*' and '&'. it also highlights the use of printf statements to print memory locations, emphasizing the need to use %u for addresses.", 'duration': 425.229, 'highlights': ["The chapter explains the process of creating, storing, and printing values using pointers in C++, including understanding memory addresses and their values, with an emphasis on the correct usage of '*' and '&', and the importance of using printf statements to print memory locations, with an emphasis on the need to use %u for addresses.", 'The output of the program is 200, which is the stored value of i, demonstrating the process of printing the value stored in a memory address using pointers.', 'The chapter also emphasizes the need to use %u for addresses when using printf statements to print memory locations, as addresses will always be positive.', "The process of creating, storing, and printing values using pointers in C++ is discussed, with a focus on understanding memory addresses and their values, and the correct usage of '*' and '&'.", "The chapter highlights the importance of understanding where to place the '*' and '&' when working with pointers in C++, and emphasizes the necessity of using %u for addresses when using printf statements to print memory locations."]}, {'end': 14387.971, 'start': 13793.073, 'title': 'Size of pointers and its relation to compiler bit', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of pointer sizes in relation to the compiler bit, stating that in a 32-bit compiler, pointer sizes are 4 bytes for all data types, while in a 64-bit compiler, pointer sizes are 8 bytes, demonstrated through examples and practical demonstrations.', 'duration': 594.898, 'highlights': ['In a 32-bit compiler, pointer sizes are 4 bytes for all data types. The chapter emphasizes that in a 32-bit compiler, the size of pointers is consistently 4 bytes for all data types, demonstrated through examples and program outputs.', 'In a 64-bit compiler, pointer sizes are 8 bytes for all data types. It is explained that in a 64-bit compiler, the size of pointers increases to 8 bytes for all data types, as evidenced by program outputs and practical demonstrations.', 'Practical demonstration of pointer sizes through program outputs and memory addresses. The chapter provides practical demonstrations of pointer sizes by showcasing program outputs and memory addresses, reinforcing the concept of pointer sizes in relation to the compiler bit.']}], 'duration': 1832.285, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM12555686.jpg', 'highlights': ['Pointers are used to access the value from a memory location, providing a clear understanding of its role in programming.', "A pointer is a variable that stores the address of another variable, illustrated through the example of a variable 'ptr' storing the address of another variable 'A'.", 'The concept of pointers is compared to providing an address to invite someone, creating a relatable analogy for understanding the role of pointers in programming.', 'Pointers store the addresses of other variables and are denoted by using the asterisk operator, with examples provided for declaring pointer variables.', 'The use of asterisk as an operator to find the value inside a specified address is explained, along with the role of the address operator in returning the memory location of a particular variable.', 'Understanding the concept of pointers and their usage, including the asterisk and ampersand operators, and specific memory addresses such as 7058 and values like 200.', "The chapter explains the process of creating, storing, and printing values using pointers in C++, including understanding memory addresses and their values, with an emphasis on the correct usage of '*' and '&', and the importance of using printf statements to print memory locations.", 'In a 32-bit compiler, pointer sizes are 4 bytes for all data types. The chapter emphasizes that in a 32-bit compiler, the size of pointers is consistently 4 bytes for all data types, demonstrated through examples and program outputs.', 'In a 64-bit compiler, pointer sizes are 8 bytes for all data types. It is explained that in a 64-bit compiler, the size of pointers increases to 8 bytes for all data types, as evidenced by program outputs and practical demonstrations.']}, {'end': 15699.414, 'segs': [{'end': 15211.331, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15176.892, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 15181.074, 'text': 'If you are printing values inside the function.', 'start': 15176.892, 'duration': 4.182}, {'end': 15184.515, 'text': 'So here it is written that pointer x and pointer y.', 'start': 15181.214, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 15190.758, 'text': 'So what will be printed? Here x value will be printed as 20 and here y value will be printed as 10.', 'start': 15184.515, 'duration': 6.243}, {'end': 15195.48, 'text': 'Because the meaning of pointer x, What is the value in the address in x??', 'start': 15190.758, 'duration': 4.722}, {'end': 15199.252, 'text': 'What is the value in the address in y??', 'start': 15196.042, 'duration': 3.21}, {'end': 15211.331, 'text': 'Now, when I have completed this function, it will go back to the calling function, because there is one more statement to do.', 'start': 15201.943, 'duration': 9.388}], 'summary': 'In the function, printing pointer values x=20 and y=10, then returning to calling function.', 'duration': 34.439, 'max_score': 15176.892, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM15176892.jpg'}, {'end': 15265.371, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15231.847, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 15234.388, 'text': 'Here the original values are being updated.', 'start': 15231.847, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 15236.409, 'text': 'Here the copied values are not being updated.', 'start': 15234.789, 'duration': 1.62}, {'end': 15238.29, 'text': 'Here we have not done call by value.', 'start': 15236.95, 'duration': 1.34}, {'end': 15241.352, 'text': 'Here we have done call by reference.', 'start': 15238.33, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 15244.533, 'text': 'We have called the address of the calling function.', 'start': 15241.372, 'duration': 3.161}, {'end': 15251.777, 'text': 'Means we have brought the address of the original value directly on x.', 'start': 15244.573, 'duration': 7.204}, {'end': 15257.48, 'text': 'So all the changes are happening on the original value.', 'start': 15251.777, 'duration': 5.703}, {'end': 15265.371, 'text': 'is not happening on x and y, because x and y are storing the address of the original value.', 'start': 15259.907, 'duration': 5.464}], 'summary': 'Demonstration of call by reference with original values being updated directly.', 'duration': 33.524, 'max_score': 15231.847, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM15231847.jpg'}, {'end': 15470.855, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15441.467, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 15447.83, 'text': 'It will return int value and this function will take two arguments which are integers.', 'start': 15441.467, 'duration': 6.363}, {'end': 15455.212, 'text': 'If you are putting third argument then this pointer is not correct.', 'start': 15448.69, 'duration': 6.522}, {'end': 15461.935, 'text': 'If you are putting four arguments then this pointer will not be applicable because you have put only two values in your argument.', 'start': 15455.252, 'duration': 6.683}, {'end': 15467.453, 'text': 'We will see that concept in the program.', 'start': 15465.612, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 15470.855, 'text': 'Now you see how to write a normal function.', 'start': 15467.493, 'duration': 3.362}], 'summary': 'Function returns int value, takes 2 int arguments, and explains pointer concepts.', 'duration': 29.388, 'max_score': 15441.467, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM15441467.jpg'}, {'end': 15638.728, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15606.822, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 15609.723, 'text': 'So it is referring to the add function.', 'start': 15606.822, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 15614.406, 'text': 'This IP pointer is for the add function.', 'start': 15609.763, 'duration': 4.643}, {'end': 15621.329, 'text': 'After that, there is another important line, result equal to star IP a comma b.', 'start': 15614.506, 'duration': 6.823}, {'end': 15635.326, 'text': 'which means that the value given by the user to a and b, that value as an argument, will pass on the function which function?', 'start': 15622.276, 'duration': 13.05}, {'end': 15636.747, 'text': 'on the add function.', 'start': 15635.346, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 15638.728, 'text': 'how did we know that it will pass on the add function??', 'start': 15636.747, 'duration': 1.981}], 'summary': 'Explanation of how user values are passed to the add function.', 'duration': 31.906, 'max_score': 15606.822, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM15606822.jpg'}], 'start': 14388.011, 'title': 'Understanding pointers and function pointers', 'summary': 'Covers pointer size for 32-bit and 64-bit compilers, the use of pointers in swapping values, call by value and call by reference concepts, and the usage of function pointers in programs. it clarifies the difference between call by value and call by reference and demonstrates their impact on variable values.', 'chapters': [{'end': 14547.276, 'start': 14388.011, 'title': 'Understanding pointer size and swapping values', 'summary': 'Explains the size of pointers, which is 4 bytes for 32-bit and 8 bytes for 64-bit compilers, regardless of data type, and discusses the use of pointers in swapping values using call by value and call by reference.', 'duration': 159.265, 'highlights': ['The size of pointers is 4 bytes for 32-bit and 8 bytes for 64-bit compilers, irrespective of the data type, determined by the address. This is crucial for understanding pointer behavior.', 'The chapter delves into the concept of swapping values using call by value and call by reference, emphasizing the use of pointers in the latter method to facilitate the swapping process effectively.', 'The program demonstrates the process of swapping values, providing a practical understanding of the application of pointers in call by value and call by reference methods.']}, {'end': 14844.584, 'start': 14547.276, 'title': 'Understanding call by value and call by reference', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of call by value using a swap function to interchange values of variables x and y, clarifying the difference between call by value and call by reference, and concludes by demonstrating a program in devc++.', 'duration': 297.308, 'highlights': ['The swap function is used to interchange the values of variables x and y through call by value, demonstrating the concept with the values of a=10 and b=20. The function swap is used to interchange values of variables x and y, illustrating the concept with specific values a=10 and b=20.', 'Explanation of why call by value swaps the variables x and y, but not the variables a and b, is provided to clarify the concept. The explanation is given on why call by value swaps the variables x and y, but not the variables a and b, to provide clarity on the concept.', 'Introduction to the concept of call by reference is mentioned as the next topic to be discussed. The chapter introduces the concept of call by reference as the next topic to be discussed.']}, {'end': 15227.524, 'start': 14844.584, 'title': 'Understanding call-by-value and call-by-reference', 'summary': 'Explains the concepts of call-by-value and call-by-reference with an example of swapping values in a function, demonstrating the difference between the two methods and their impact on variable values.', 'duration': 382.94, 'highlights': ['The program illustrates the concept of call-by-value and call-by-reference by swapping values in a function, showcasing the difference in variable values and memory addresses. The program demonstrates the difference between call-by-value and call-by-reference by swapping the values of variables a and b in a function, showcasing the impact on variable values and memory addresses.', 'The function uses call-by-reference to swap the values of variables a and b by manipulating their memory addresses, resulting in a change in the values of the variables. The function employs call-by-reference to swap the values of variables a and b by manipulating their memory addresses, resulting in a change in the values of the variables.', 'The function employs call-by-value to demonstrate the process of swapping values by creating temporary variables and manipulating their values, showcasing the impact on the variable values. The function utilizes call-by-value to showcase the process of swapping values by creating temporary variables and manipulating their values, demonstrating the impact on the variable values.']}, {'end': 15699.414, 'start': 15231.847, 'title': 'Pointer to function concept', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of call by reference using pointers, demonstrates a program using pointer to function, and highlights the syntax and usage of pointer to function. it also illustrates a program using pointer to function and explains how a pointer to function is declared and used.', 'duration': 467.567, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates the concept of call by reference using pointers, explaining how swapping happens on original values and how pointers are useful, with an example showing swapping of original values a=20 and b=10.', 'The chapter then explains the syntax of writing a pointer to function, demonstrating the declaration of a pointer to function with specific arguments and return type.', 'The chapter further illustrates a program using pointer to function, explaining the usage of pointer to function to point to a specific function, passing arguments to the function, and returning the value from the function.']}], 'duration': 1311.403, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM14388011.jpg', 'highlights': ['The size of pointers is 4 bytes for 32-bit and 8 bytes for 64-bit compilers, crucial for understanding pointer behavior.', 'The program demonstrates the process of swapping values, providing a practical understanding of the application of pointers.', 'The function employs call-by-reference to swap the values of variables a and b by manipulating their memory addresses.', 'The chapter demonstrates the concept of call by reference using pointers, explaining how swapping happens on original values and how pointers are useful.']}, {'end': 17672.735, 'segs': [{'end': 15725.383, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15699.414, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 15705.077, 'text': 'Value after addition is 30 because we have added 30 in the result.', 'start': 15699.414, 'duration': 5.663}, {'end': 15707.778, 'text': 'Return 0 because the main method is integer.', 'start': 15705.117, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 15710.53, 'text': 'then it will return.', 'start': 15709.309, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 15716.135, 'text': 'Now you can see here that we have used the function along with the pointer.', 'start': 15711.331, 'duration': 4.804}, {'end': 15725.383, 'text': 'That means we have made a function as a pointer and how to declare it and how to write it to get the result, we have used that in this program.', 'start': 15716.155, 'duration': 9.228}], 'summary': 'The value after addition is 30, and the program demonstrates the use of a function as a pointer.', 'duration': 25.969, 'max_score': 15699.414, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM15699414.jpg'}, {'end': 16100.595, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16069.79, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 16072.152, 'text': "So, let's see what is the concept of Pointer-to-Pointer.", 'start': 16069.79, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 16078.919, 'text': 'Now, there is a small program written here, in which we will understand what is Pointer-to-Pointer or Double Pointer.', 'start': 16072.453, 'duration': 6.466}, {'end': 16080.941, 'text': 'Now, look at it carefully.', 'start': 16078.939, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 16084.404, 'text': 'Here we will start with the main method.', 'start': 16080.961, 'duration': 3.443}, {'end': 16093.813, 'text': 'Here we have written int equal to 10, which means a memory location will be created and 10 values stored which is called A.', 'start': 16084.444, 'duration': 9.369}, {'end': 16096.894, 'text': 'Now here we have made another pointer.', 'start': 16093.813, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 16100.595, 'text': 'So here we make a big memory location.', 'start': 16096.934, 'duration': 3.661}], 'summary': 'Exploring the concept of pointer-to-pointer and its application in a program.', 'duration': 30.805, 'max_score': 16069.79, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM16069790.jpg'}, {'end': 16689.776, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16661.481, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 16664.783, 'text': 'So, i++ will become i, your 5.', 'start': 16661.481, 'duration': 3.302}, {'end': 16670.346, 'text': 'But if condition 5 is false, then this will not be executed and the return will be 0.', 'start': 16664.783, 'duration': 5.563}, {'end': 16674.269, 'text': 'This means that it will return the value.', 'start': 16670.346, 'duration': 3.923}, {'end': 16678.552, 'text': 'So, what value is being returned here? All these elements are being returned.', 'start': 16674.769, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 16683.391, 'text': 'Correct? Similarly, we can use the pointer with array.', 'start': 16679.107, 'duration': 4.284}, {'end': 16689.776, 'text': 'We will see this particular program in Dev C++ to see if its output is the same or not.', 'start': 16683.411, 'duration': 6.365}], 'summary': 'The program returns all elements if condition 5 is true, using i++ and pointers with arrays.', 'duration': 28.295, 'max_score': 16661.481, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM16661481.jpg'}, {'end': 16904.526, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16842.996, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 16846.037, 'text': 'We are printing all the characters in a string.', 'start': 16842.996, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 16847.397, 'text': 'Now we are printing all the characters.', 'start': 16846.057, 'duration': 1.34}, {'end': 16853.618, 'text': 'Earlier I just showed you how to print the first and second characters.', 'start': 16847.417, 'duration': 6.201}, {'end': 16857.099, 'text': 'Now we will use for loop.', 'start': 16853.658, 'duration': 3.441}, {'end': 16862.72, 'text': 'And as we saw on array, we will print all the characters on it.', 'start': 16857.579, 'duration': 5.141}, {'end': 16865.421, 'text': 'So I took p equal to str again.', 'start': 16862.74, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 16867.938, 'text': 'this is the same thing.', 'start': 16867.318, 'duration': 0.62}, {'end': 16871.459, 'text': 'after that, I have put for loop int i equal to 0.', 'start': 16867.938, 'duration': 3.521}, {'end': 16874.22, 'text': "i is less than string's length.", 'start': 16871.459, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 16875.001, 'text': "string's length is 1,2,3,4,5.", 'start': 16874.22, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 16875.721, 'text': 'space 6.', 'start': 16875.001, 'duration': 0.72}, {'end': 16876.307, 'text': 'space is also counting 6.', 'start': 16875.721, 'duration': 0.586}, {'end': 16877.561, 'text': '7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15. 15 exclamation marks.', 'start': 16876.307, 'duration': 1.254}, {'end': 16878.022, 'text': 'so this is 15.', 'start': 16877.561, 'duration': 0.461}, {'end': 16879.262, 'text': 'so 0 is less than 15.', 'start': 16878.022, 'duration': 1.24}, {'end': 16880.642, 'text': 'true, pointer will come here.', 'start': 16879.262, 'duration': 1.38}, {'end': 16897.905, 'text': 'it will print G, Because you have to go to the first location.', 'start': 16880.642, 'duration': 17.263}, {'end': 16899.405, 'text': 'Now P++ is happening there.', 'start': 16897.925, 'duration': 1.48}, {'end': 16902.365, 'text': 'That means it is not pointing at the first location.', 'start': 16899.425, 'duration': 2.94}, {'end': 16904.526, 'text': 'It is pointing at the second location.', 'start': 16902.385, 'duration': 2.141}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating printing of characters using a for loop, with a string of 15 characters.', 'duration': 61.53, 'max_score': 16842.996, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM16842996.jpg'}, {'end': 17010.69, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16982.009, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 16985.351, 'text': 'even space is also coming and exclamation mark is also coming right.', 'start': 16982.009, 'duration': 3.342}, {'end': 16996.379, 'text': 'This means that my output is correct and the printing of the string or array of characters is done using pointers.', 'start': 16986.411, 'duration': 9.968}, {'end': 17003.505, 'text': 'So, you must have understood how pointers are used with arrays and strings.', 'start': 16996.419, 'duration': 7.086}, {'end': 17007.188, 'text': "Let's move ahead and see the advantages of pointers.", 'start': 17003.545, 'duration': 3.643}, {'end': 17010.69, 'text': 'because we have understood all the pointers.', 'start': 17008.909, 'duration': 1.781}], 'summary': 'Pointers used with arrays and strings for correct output. advantages to follow.', 'duration': 28.681, 'max_score': 16982.009, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM16982009.jpg'}, {'end': 17615.576, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 17593.077, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 17601.304, 'text': 'machine learning, artificial intelligence programming, cloud computing, Digital Marketing, DevOps Management, and all this will be completely free.', 'start': 17593.077, 'duration': 8.227}, {'end': 17605.888, 'text': 'These courses are made by award-winning professors and leading industry experts.', 'start': 17601.324, 'duration': 4.564}, {'end': 17612.273, 'text': 'You just have to enroll in these courses and complete the course to get free certification.', 'start': 17606.028, 'duration': 6.245}, {'end': 17615.576, 'text': 'And you will get a lot of benefits on enrolling.', 'start': 17612.434, 'duration': 3.142}], 'summary': 'Free courses in ai, cloud computing, digital marketing, and devops by award-winning professors; includes free certification and additional benefits.', 'duration': 22.499, 'max_score': 17593.077, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM17593077.jpg'}], 'start': 15699.414, 'title': 'Pointers in c++', 'summary': 'Discusses pointer to function, demonstrating its usage with a resulting value of 30. it also explores null pointer and void pointer, and explains the concepts of pointers in c++ including pointer-to-pointer, using pointers with arrays and strings, and the advantages of pointers in c.', 'chapters': [{'end': 15922.104, 'start': 15699.414, 'title': 'Pointer to function and pointer types', 'summary': 'Discusses the concept of pointer to function and demonstrates its usage to perform a task, resulting in the value after addition being 30. it then explores two important pointer types, namely null pointer, which always accepts a null value, and void pointer, which is a generic pointer capable of accepting any data type value with a size of 4 bytes on a 32-bit system.', 'duration': 222.69, 'highlights': ['The value after addition is 30, showcasing the usage of the pointer to function concept to execute a task, resulting in a quantifiable output.', 'Exploration of Null Pointer, which always accepts null value and prints Null when its value is printed, providing a clear understanding of its functionality.', 'Explanation of Void Pointer, emphasizing its generic nature that allows it to accept any data type value and its size being 4 bytes on a 32-bit system, providing crucial insights into its characteristics.']}, {'end': 16400, 'start': 15925.7, 'title': 'Pointer concept in c++', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of pointers in c++ and demonstrates the use of void pointers, the size of pointers, and the concept of pointer-to-pointer with examples, illustrating how pointers store memory addresses and values.', 'duration': 474.3, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the concept of pointers in C++ It covers the basics of pointers, their usage, and their significance in C++ programming.', 'Demonstrates the use of void pointers Void pointers are demonstrated in the context of C++ programming and its output is showcased in Dev C++.', 'Illustrates the concept of Pointer-to-Pointer with examples The concept of Pointer-to-Pointer, also known as Double Pointer, is explained through a program, demonstrating how pointers store memory addresses and values.', 'Shows the size of pointers The program illustrates how the size of pointers varies based on the compiler used, with 8 bytes for a 64-bit compiler and 4 bytes for a 32-bit compiler.']}, {'end': 16982.009, 'start': 16401.109, 'title': 'Understanding pointers in c++', 'summary': 'Explains the concepts of pointers in c++ including pointer to pointer, using pointers with arrays and strings, and demonstrates their functionality with relevant code examples, ensuring a clear understanding of the topic.', 'duration': 580.9, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the concepts of pointers in C++ including pointer to pointer, using pointers with arrays and strings, and demonstrates their functionality with relevant code examples, ensuring a clear understanding of the topic. The summary encapsulates the entire content of the transcript, covering the key concepts of pointers, their usage with arrays and strings, and the demonstration of their functionality through code examples.', 'The program explains the concept of pointer to pointer or double pointer, demonstrating the difference between single and double pointers in C++. The program illustrates the difference between single and double pointers by showing that the value stored at a single pointer and double pointer is 10, providing clarity on the concept of pointer to pointer.', 'The program demonstrates the usage of pointers with arrays, explaining how a pointer points to the first location of the array and how the array elements are printed using a pointer. The program demonstrates the usage of pointers with arrays by explaining how a pointer always points to the first location of the array and how the array elements are printed using a pointer through a detailed example.', 'The functionality of pointers with strings is explained, highlighting that a string is an array of characters and the program demonstrates how pointers work with strings, similar to arrays. The program explains that a string is an array of characters and demonstrates how pointers work with strings, drawing parallels between the functionality of pointers with strings and arrays to ensure a comprehensive understanding.']}, {'end': 17126.826, 'start': 16982.009, 'title': 'Advantages of pointers in c', 'summary': 'Discusses the advantages of pointers in c, including efficient memory access, accessing array elements, and dynamic memory allocation using malloc and calloc methods.', 'duration': 144.817, 'highlights': ['Pointers provide an efficient way for accessing the elements for an array structure, making it easy and efficient to access array elements.', 'Pointers are used for dynamic memory allocation as well as deallocation, enabling efficient memory management using malloc and calloc methods.', 'Pointer is used to access any value or to store the address of any other variable, facilitating efficient memory access and management.']}, {'end': 17286.019, 'start': 17127.246, 'title': 'Dynamic memory allocation and structures', 'summary': 'Covers the use of pointers for dynamic memory allocation and complex data structures like linked lists, graphs, and trees, followed by an explanation of structures as a user-defined data type for storing multiple variables of different data types in individual memory locations.', 'duration': 158.773, 'highlights': ['Pointers are used for de-allocation and to form complex data structures like linked lists, graphs, and trees. Pointers are effective in writing complex data structures like graphs, linked lists, array lists, or trees.', 'Explanation of structures as a user-defined data type for storing multiple variables of different data types in individual memory locations. Structures allow the storage of different types of variables in individual memory locations, creating a user-defined data type named Person and creating variables of this Person data type.', "Demonstration of creating variables and arrays of the user-defined data type named Person. Creating variables and arrays of the user-defined data type named Person, allowing the storage of 20% of persons' features with a size of 20."]}, {'end': 17672.735, 'start': 17296.121, 'title': 'C programming structure and union', 'summary': 'Covers c programming concepts such as creating a structure and a union, setting values for the structure, and provides an overview of the great learning academy, offering over 200 free courses in various domains and languages.', 'duration': 376.614, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers C programming concepts such as creating a structure and a union, setting values for the structure, and provides an overview of the Great Learning Academy, offering over 200 free courses in various domains and languages. The chapter covers C programming concepts such as creating a structure and a union, setting values for the structure, and provides an overview of the Great Learning Academy, offering over 200 free courses in various domains and languages.', 'In a structure, every variable is stored in a different memory location, whereas in a union, all the variables are stored in a shared memory location, resulting in less memory usage. In a structure, every variable is stored in a different memory location, whereas in a union, all the variables are stored in a shared memory location, resulting in less memory usage.', 'The Great Learning Academy offers more than 200 courses with free content of thousands of hours on in-demand topics like data science, machine learning, artificial intelligence programming, cloud computing, Digital Marketing, DevOps Management, and provides free certification upon course completion. The Great Learning Academy offers more than 200 courses with free content of thousands of hours on in-demand topics like data science, machine learning, artificial intelligence programming, cloud computing, Digital Marketing, DevOps Management, and provides free certification upon course completion.']}], 'duration': 1973.321, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XaQ6MIw5LkM/pics/XaQ6MIw5LkM15699414.jpg', 'highlights': ['The value after addition is 30, showcasing the usage of the pointer to function concept to execute a task, resulting in a quantifiable output.', 'Exploration of Null Pointer, which always accepts null value and prints Null when its value is printed, providing a clear understanding of its functionality.', 'Explanation of Void Pointer, emphasizing its generic nature that allows it to accept any data type value and its size being 4 bytes on a 32-bit system, providing crucial insights into its characteristics.', 'The chapter explains the concepts of pointers in C++ including pointer to pointer, using pointers with arrays and strings, and demonstrates their functionality with relevant code examples, ensuring a clear understanding of the topic.', 'Pointers provide an efficient way for accessing the elements for an array structure, making it easy and efficient to access array elements.', 'Pointers are used for dynamic memory allocation as well as deallocation, enabling efficient memory management using malloc and calloc methods.', 'Pointers are used for de-allocation and to form complex data structures like linked lists, graphs, and trees. Pointers are effective in writing complex data structures like graphs, linked lists, array lists, or trees.', 'Explanation of structures as a user-defined data type for storing multiple variables of different data types in individual memory locations. Structures allow the storage of different types of variables in individual memory locations, creating a user-defined data type named Person and creating variables of this Person data type.', 'In a structure, every variable is stored in a different memory location, whereas in a union, all the variables are stored in a shared memory location, resulting in less memory usage.']}], 'highlights': ['C programming is the foundation for operating systems like Windows, Unix, and Linux.', 'C is a platform-independent programming language. C can be executed on any operating system, such as Windows, Mac, or Linux.', 'Variables serve as memory references that can store and modify data during program execution, allowing for dynamic data manipulation.', 'The chapter covers the creation and printing of integer, float, and double data types in C, demonstrating the use of %d for integers, %f for floats, and %lf for doubles, and successfully printing the respective values.', 'The chapter covers working with strings, including methods like finding length, concatenation, comparison, and case conversion', 'The chapter explains the syntax and functionality of for and while loops in C. It provides a clear explanation of the syntax and functionality of for and while loops in C.', 'The chapter covers the basics of functions in C programming, including definition, types, working, parameters, recursion, practical examples, and advantages.', 'Function declaration specifies the name, parameters, and return type, and must be declared globally in a C program.', "The program demonstrates the recursive nature of functions by repeatedly calling the 'fact' function until a condition becomes false, showing the step-by-step computation of the factorial of 5 as 120, providing a practical understanding of recursion.", "The chapter covers the implementation of a factorial program to calculate factorials of large numbers using the 'long' data type.", 'Pointers are used to access the value from a memory location, providing a clear understanding of its role in programming.', 'The size of pointers is 4 bytes for 32-bit and 8 bytes for 64-bit compilers, crucial for understanding pointer behavior.', 'The value after addition is 30, showcasing the usage of the pointer to function concept to execute a task, resulting in a quantifiable output.', 'Exploration of Null Pointer, which always accepts null value and prints Null when its value is printed, providing a clear understanding of its functionality.', 'Explanation of Void Pointer, emphasizing its generic nature that allows it to accept any data type value and its size being 4 bytes on a 32-bit system, providing crucial insights into its characteristics.', 'Explanation of structures as a user-defined data type for storing multiple variables of different data types in individual memory locations. Structures allow the storage of different types of variables in individual memory locations, creating a user-defined data type named Person and creating variables of this Person data type.']}