title
Electronics Tutorial

description
Transcript and Diagrams Here : http://goo.gl/0Qsdsr Support me on Patreon : https://www.patreon.com/derekbanas Parts From the Video You can buy Radio kits Cheap here : http://amzn.to/1nhCbn4 You can get large boxes of every resistors, capacitors, LEDs on Amazon and EBay. I like Joe Knows Electronics for these : http://amzn.to/1ZLjFQo Breadboard used : http://amzn.to/1nhBD0q MK484 IC : http://amzn.to/1ScZXwa Tuning Capacitor : http://amzn.to/1ZLkd8K Piezoelectric Earphone : http://amzn.to/1ZLko45 1.5V AA Battery Case Holder : http://amzn.to/1nhC36U Antenna Coils are best bought in a kit or on EBay Where to Place the Components on the Breadboard 100,000 ohm resistor( brown, black, yellow): I9 and J17 1,000 ohm resistor (brown, black, red): I17 and I20 0.01 microfarad capacitor (marked 103 or .01M): G9 and G15 0.1 microfarad capacitor (marked 104 or .1M): F15 and F17 0.1 microfarad capacitor (marked 104 or .1M): G17 and G22 MK484 IC: H15, H16, and H17 (flat side facing row G) Antenna coil: J9 and G16 Tuning capacitor: F9 and F16 (only the two rightmost leads are used) Piezoelectric earphone: F20 and F22 Negative battery wire (black): J15 Positive battery wire (red): J20 Thank you to Patreon supports like the following for helping me make this video https://www.facebook.com/cottageindus... @kyleaisho

detail
{'title': 'Electronics Tutorial', 'heatmap': [{'end': 223.144, 'start': 195.758, 'weight': 0.945}, {'end': 286.049, 'start': 273.996, 'weight': 0.839}, {'end': 393.095, 'start': 365.186, 'weight': 0.723}, {'end': 455.808, 'start': 398.917, 'weight': 0.749}, {'end': 566.356, 'start': 536.814, 'weight': 0.794}, {'end': 638.927, 'start': 587.163, 'weight': 0.828}], 'summary': "Learn practical electronics by building a 3 penny radio on a breadboard, covering topics like electricity, conductors, current, voltage, power resistors, leds, ohm's law application, radio wave transmission, and detailed construction guide for the radio components.", 'chapters': [{'end': 69.686, 'segs': [{'end': 39.088, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.117, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3.941, 'text': 'Well hello internet and welcome to part one of my electronics tutorial.', 'start': 0.117, 'duration': 3.824}, {'end': 10.407, 'text': "In this one tutorial I'm going to show you how to build a three penny radio on a breadboard and explain exactly how it works.", 'start': 3.981, 'duration': 6.426}, {'end': 18.195, 'text': "And because this is an introductory video on electronics, I'm going to be covering a bunch of topics, sometimes with a lot of detail,", 'start': 10.827, 'duration': 7.368}, {'end': 22.479, 'text': 'sometimes with just a little bit of detail, just to get you in the mood and to keep it fun.', 'start': 18.195, 'duration': 4.284}, {'end': 30.643, 'text': "So, specifically, what I'm going to be covering is electricity, of course, conductors, current voltage, power resistors using breadboards, LEDs,", 'start': 22.819, 'duration': 7.824}, {'end': 39.088, 'text': "semiconductors, Ohm's Law, electromagnetic waves, how microphones work, carrier waves, ferro-rod antennas, integrated circuits,", 'start': 30.643, 'duration': 8.445}], 'summary': 'Introductory electronics tutorial covering various topics and building a three penny radio on a breadboard.', 'duration': 38.971, 'max_score': 0.117, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XYJ_AUOw4aE/pics/XYJ_AUOw4aE117.jpg'}], 'start': 0.117, 'title': 'Building a 3 penny radio', 'summary': 'Covers the practical construction of a three penny radio on a breadboard and provides an overview of various electronics topics, including electricity, conductors, current, voltage, power resistors, and leds.', 'chapters': [{'end': 69.686, 'start': 0.117, 'title': 'Electronics tutorial: build a 3 penny radio', 'summary': 'Covers building a three penny radio on a breadboard, explaining various electronics topics, and demonstrating practical construction. it also includes an overview of the specific topics to be covered, such as electricity, conductors, current, voltage, power resistors, leds, and more.', 'duration': 69.569, 'highlights': ['Demonstrating the construction of a three penny radio on a breadboard. Practical demonstration, usage of breadboard for simplicity.', 'Covering various electronics topics including electricity, conductors, current, voltage, power resistors, LEDs, and more. Comprehensive coverage of fundamental electronics principles.', 'Explaining topics in varying levels of detail to maintain engagement and interest. Adaptation of content for audience enjoyment and learning.']}], 'duration': 69.569, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XYJ_AUOw4aE/pics/XYJ_AUOw4aE117.jpg', 'highlights': ['Covering various electronics topics including electricity, conductors, current, voltage, power resistors, LEDs, and more. Comprehensive coverage of fundamental electronics principles.', 'Demonstrating the construction of a three penny radio on a breadboard. Practical demonstration, usage of breadboard for simplicity.', 'Explaining topics in varying levels of detail to maintain engagement and interest. Adaptation of content for audience enjoyment and learning.']}, {'end': 599.247, 'segs': [{'end': 136.467, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 113.473, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 122.56, 'text': 'Now an electrical current is going to exist when electrons move through a substance and we measure it in terms of the number of electrons that pass a point in a second.', 'start': 113.473, 'duration': 9.087}, {'end': 133.126, 'text': 'Now, an ampere is the unit of measure for current, and one ampere is equal to approximately 6.28 times 10 to the power of 18 electrons,', 'start': 122.8, 'duration': 10.326}, {'end': 136.467, 'text': 'passing a point per second, so a ton of electrons.', 'start': 133.126, 'duration': 3.341}], 'summary': 'An ampere measures the flow of approximately 6.28 x 10^18 electrons per second.', 'duration': 22.994, 'max_score': 113.473, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XYJ_AUOw4aE/pics/XYJ_AUOw4aE113473.jpg'}, {'end': 226.227, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 190.291, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 195.398, 'text': "There's only one electron there which means once again it can accommodate 31 additional electrons.", 'start': 190.291, 'duration': 5.107}, {'end': 202.72, 'text': 'A carbon molecule, however, can easily fill its four empty spaces in its just fourth shell as a comparison.', 'start': 195.758, 'duration': 6.962}, {'end': 210.281, 'text': 'So what is voltage? Voltage, which is represented by the capital letter V, is the force being applied to a current.', 'start': 202.86, 'duration': 7.421}, {'end': 223.144, 'text': 'Volts is the unit of measure for an electromotive force which occurs whenever you have a buildup of excess negative number of electrons in one place or a shortage of electrons in another place.', 'start': 210.501, 'duration': 12.643}, {'end': 226.227, 'text': 'which would come out as being a positive charge.', 'start': 223.544, 'duration': 2.683}], 'summary': 'Atomic shells accommodate 31 electrons; carbon fills 4 spaces. voltage is force on current due to electron build-up or shortage.', 'duration': 35.936, 'max_score': 190.291, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XYJ_AUOw4aE/pics/XYJ_AUOw4aE190291.jpg'}, {'end': 301.215, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 273.996, 'weight': 0.839, 'content': [{'end': 276.859, 'text': 'And power, once again, would be the spinning of the turbine.', 'start': 273.996, 'duration': 2.863}, {'end': 278.841, 'text': 'So what specifically is a resistor??', 'start': 276.939, 'duration': 1.902}, {'end': 286.049, 'text': 'A resistor is going to reduce the flow of current and voltage, as you saw in the little diagram that I just showed you.', 'start': 279.221, 'duration': 6.828}, {'end': 293.212, 'text': "And you're going to be able to figure out their value by turning them so either the gold or silver strip is on the right.", 'start': 286.289, 'duration': 6.923}, {'end': 296.493, 'text': 'In this situation, I have a gold strip on my sample resistor.', 'start': 293.352, 'duration': 3.141}, {'end': 301.215, 'text': 'Silver is going to mean that the value is accurate within 10%,', 'start': 296.833, 'duration': 4.382}], 'summary': 'Resistors reduce current and voltage flow, with silver strip indicating 10% accuracy.', 'duration': 27.219, 'max_score': 273.996, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XYJ_AUOw4aE/pics/XYJ_AUOw4aE273996.jpg'}, {'end': 340.862, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 315.363, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 322.309, 'text': "Then you'll be able to use all of these rules that I have here on the screen to figure out exactly what the resistance is on your resistor.", 'start': 315.363, 'duration': 6.946}, {'end': 328.654, 'text': "So in this specific example, we're going to start from the left and figure out exactly what the resistance is on this sample resistor.", 'start': 322.589, 'duration': 6.065}, {'end': 330.256, 'text': 'So the first strip here is yellow.', 'start': 328.815, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 336.681, 'text': 'So we would come over and find yellow right here, and we would see that the first part of our resistance would equal 4.', 'start': 330.596, 'duration': 6.085}, {'end': 340.862, 'text': "Then we would come right here and look at this color, and we would see that that's gray.", 'start': 336.681, 'duration': 4.181}], 'summary': 'The resistance of the sample resistor is 4 ohms based on color codes.', 'duration': 25.499, 'max_score': 315.363, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XYJ_AUOw4aE/pics/XYJ_AUOw4aE315363.jpg'}, {'end': 393.095, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 365.186, 'weight': 0.723, 'content': [{'end': 370.815, 'text': "Now I'm going to jump over and show you exactly what it would look like if we measured the resistance, not using the colors,", 'start': 365.186, 'duration': 5.629}, {'end': 372.177, 'text': 'but instead with a multimeter.', 'start': 370.815, 'duration': 1.362}, {'end': 380.731, 'text': 'And now you can see I have the dial set to the symbol for ohms and I can just put my terminals on there and it comes out to approximately 480.', 'start': 372.337, 'duration': 8.394}, {'end': 388.594, 'text': 'Now I am going to jump back to that video here in a second and show you exactly how we would use a breadboard as well as resistors and till light LEDs.', 'start': 380.731, 'duration': 7.863}, {'end': 393.095, 'text': 'But first I think we should talk about LEDs or light emitting diodes.', 'start': 388.834, 'duration': 4.261}], 'summary': 'Demonstrated resistance measurement with multimeter, reading approximately 480 ohms.', 'duration': 27.909, 'max_score': 365.186, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XYJ_AUOw4aE/pics/XYJ_AUOw4aE365186.jpg'}, {'end': 463.955, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 393.455, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 398.557, 'text': 'To understand an LED you have to however first understand what a semiconductor is.', 'start': 393.455, 'duration': 5.102}, {'end': 406.602, 'text': 'A semiconductor is going to have a conductivity that comes either between being an insulator, which would be a bad conductor, or a metal,', 'start': 398.917, 'duration': 7.685}, {'end': 407.842, 'text': 'which would be a good conductor.', 'start': 406.602, 'duration': 1.24}, {'end': 415.447, 'text': 'And a semiconductor can have positively charged carriers called holes or negatively charged carriers called electrons.', 'start': 408.223, 'duration': 7.224}, {'end': 420.93, 'text': 'A hole, quite simply, is just an atom with more positive protons than negative electrons.', 'start': 415.727, 'duration': 5.203}, {'end': 430.067, 'text': 'And in this situation, an LED is going to contain a positively charged semiconductor separated from a negatively charged semiconductor,', 'start': 421.323, 'duration': 8.744}, {'end': 432.128, 'text': 'with a transition layer in between.', 'start': 430.067, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 436.149, 'text': 'And whenever you apply enough voltage, these two are going to meet in the middle.', 'start': 432.368, 'duration': 3.781}, {'end': 440.311, 'text': "And in that situation, you're going to release energy or light or a photon.", 'start': 436.369, 'duration': 3.942}, {'end': 442.632, 'text': "And that's how we produce light with an LED.", 'start': 440.491, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 447.397, 'text': 'now, the higher the current, the brighter an LED will get until it burns out.', 'start': 443.052, 'duration': 4.345}, {'end': 455.808, 'text': 'and if we want to get into the specifics of when an LED is going to burn out, that would occur in a situation in which the transition layer,', 'start': 447.397, 'duration': 8.411}, {'end': 463.955, 'text': 'which lies between the positive and negative semiconductors, breaks down when too much current flows through it and in some way damages it,', 'start': 455.808, 'duration': 8.147}], 'summary': 'Leds produce light by releasing energy when positively and negatively charged semiconductors meet. higher current makes led brighter until it burns out.', 'duration': 70.5, 'max_score': 393.455, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XYJ_AUOw4aE/pics/XYJ_AUOw4aE393455.jpg'}, {'end': 566.356, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 536.814, 'weight': 0.794, 'content': [{'end': 539.535, 'text': 'We can figure out resistance if we have voltage and current.', 'start': 536.814, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 546.042, 'text': 'We can also figure out power if we have voltage and current, or power if we have current and resistance.', 'start': 539.815, 'duration': 6.227}, {'end': 556.373, 'text': "So let's say I want to protect my LED by not going above 15 milliamps, or that would work out to approximately 0.015 amperes for my total current.", 'start': 546.342, 'duration': 10.031}, {'end': 566.356, 'text': 'Well, what I would do is I would plug in 6 volts because I am using four 1.5 volt batteries, and I would divide that by 0.015 amperes.', 'start': 556.533, 'duration': 9.823}], 'summary': 'Calculating resistance and power using voltage and current, to protect led at 6 volts and 0.015 amperes.', 'duration': 29.542, 'max_score': 536.814, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XYJ_AUOw4aE/pics/XYJ_AUOw4aE536814.jpg'}], 'start': 70.806, 'title': 'Electricity basics and components', 'summary': "Covers fundamental concepts of electricity like current, voltage, resistance, and components such as resistors and leds, with practical examples. it also demonstrates the application of ohm's law in determining the appropriate resistance to protect leds in a circuit.", 'chapters': [{'end': 599.247, 'start': 70.806, 'title': 'Understanding electricity basics and components', 'summary': "Explains the fundamental concepts of electricity, including current, voltage, resistance, and components such as resistors and leds, using practical examples, and demonstrates the application of ohm's law in determining the appropriate resistance to protect leds in a circuit.", 'duration': 528.441, 'highlights': ['Understanding the concept of electricity and electrical current, measured in amperes, as the movement of electrons through conductors, with one ampere equaling approximately 6.28 x 10^18 electrons passing a point per second. The chapter provides a clear explanation of electricity, defining electrical current as the movement of electrons through a conductor, and quantifying it by stating that one ampere is equal to approximately 6.28 x 10^18 electrons passing a point per second.', "Explaining the factors affecting conductivity, such as electron shell configuration in atoms, determining whether a substance is a good conductor, and voltage as the force applied to a current, with a practical demonstration of voltage measurement using a digital multimeter. The chapter discusses the influence of electron shell configurations on a substance's conductivity and explains voltage as the force applied to a current, exemplified by a practical demonstration of voltage measurement using a digital multimeter.", 'Demonstrating the function and value determination of resistors using color codes and multimeters, emphasizing the importance of accurate resistance for components in a circuit. The chapter provides a detailed demonstration of determining the resistance of resistors using color codes and multimeters and highlights the significance of accurate resistance for circuit components.', "Explaining the principles of LEDs as semiconductor devices and demonstrating the use of resistors to limit current, protecting LEDs in a circuit, with an application of Ohm's law to determine the appropriate resistance for LED protection. The chapter elucidates the principles of LEDs as semiconductor devices and illustrates the use of resistors to limit current for protecting LEDs in a circuit, along with the application of Ohm's law to determine the appropriate resistance for LED protection."]}], 'duration': 528.441, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XYJ_AUOw4aE/pics/XYJ_AUOw4aE70806.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter provides a clear explanation of electricity, defining electrical current as the movement of electrons through a conductor, and quantifying it by stating that one ampere is equal to approximately 6.28 x 10^18 electrons passing a point per second.', "The chapter discusses the influence of electron shell configurations on a substance's conductivity and explains voltage as the force applied to a current, exemplified by a practical demonstration of voltage measurement using a digital multimeter.", 'The chapter provides a detailed demonstration of determining the resistance of resistors using color codes and multimeters and highlights the significance of accurate resistance for circuit components.', "The chapter elucidates the principles of LEDs as semiconductor devices and illustrates the use of resistors to limit current for protecting LEDs in a circuit, along with the application of Ohm's law to determine the appropriate resistance for LED protection."]}, {'end': 1054.245, 'segs': [{'end': 679.897, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 639.428, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 642.29, 'text': 'Just imagine this electron bouncing up and down on that field.', 'start': 639.428, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 646.473, 'text': 'Now the length of each wave is what we would call a wave length.', 'start': 642.55, 'duration': 3.923}, {'end': 649.273, 'text': 'So from this point right here to this point right here.', 'start': 646.912, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 654.935, 'text': "And the number of waves that occur over a fixed length is going to define the wave's frequency.", 'start': 649.693, 'duration': 5.242}, {'end': 660.938, 'text': 'Now a radio transmitter from a radio station is going to produce waves at a specific frequency.', 'start': 655.216, 'duration': 5.722}, {'end': 665.95, 'text': "and it's then our job as the receiver to tune into that frequency.", 'start': 661.348, 'duration': 4.602}, {'end': 671.653, 'text': 'Now these waves are going to be sent in all directions from an omnidirectional antenna in most situations,', 'start': 666.15, 'duration': 5.503}, {'end': 674.875, 'text': 'and these waves can bounce off of objects or even the atmosphere.', 'start': 671.653, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 679.897, 'text': "A receiver's job is going to be to specify the radio waves it wants to receive,", 'start': 675.115, 'duration': 4.782}], 'summary': 'Electron waves define frequency of radio transmission.', 'duration': 40.469, 'max_score': 639.428, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XYJ_AUOw4aE/pics/XYJ_AUOw4aE639428.jpg'}, {'end': 735.465, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 697.902, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 705.427, 'text': 'Now, sound as it comes out of our mouth is going to cause air molecules to vibrate in a way that produces waves,', 'start': 697.902, 'duration': 7.525}, {'end': 710.711, 'text': 'and these waves are going to hit the diaphragm of a microphone and the diaphragm is going to vibrate and,', 'start': 705.427, 'duration': 5.284}, {'end': 717.715, 'text': 'as it does the resistance changes in the microphone so that the flow of electrons both increase as well as decrease.', 'start': 710.711, 'duration': 7.004}, {'end': 724.559, 'text': 'this is going to create a pulsating current that looks like a wave sine wave and as the waves increase and decrease in size,', 'start': 717.715, 'duration': 6.844}, {'end': 726.881, 'text': "they're going to create an alternating current.", 'start': 724.559, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 727.861, 'text': 'so that brings us to.', 'start': 726.881, 'duration': 0.98}, {'end': 729.182, 'text': 'how do we send that sound?', 'start': 727.861, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 735.465, 'text': 'Well, a carrier wave is going to transmit the sound over long distances, using a specific frequency,', 'start': 729.562, 'duration': 5.903}], 'summary': 'Sound waves cause diaphragm to vibrate, generating pulsating current sent by a carrier wave.', 'duration': 37.563, 'max_score': 697.902, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XYJ_AUOw4aE/pics/XYJ_AUOw4aE697902.jpg'}, {'end': 777.503, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 752.794, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 759.903, 'text': 'Now the current is then amplified to send electromagnetic waves which are going to contain our sound over long distances.', 'start': 752.794, 'duration': 7.109}, {'end': 765.329, 'text': 'So now I want to jump over and actually create our breadboard version of a three penny radio.', 'start': 760.223, 'duration': 5.106}, {'end': 771.937, 'text': "Now I'm going to connect my black lead into the negative port and the red lead into the positive port on the breadboard.", 'start': 765.851, 'duration': 6.086}, {'end': 777.503, 'text': "And you can see right here I have my ferrite antenna and how I'm going to add terminals to the end of it.", 'start': 771.997, 'duration': 5.506}], 'summary': 'Amplified current sends sound via electromagnetic waves for long distances, creating a breadboard version of a three penny radio.', 'duration': 24.709, 'max_score': 752.794, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XYJ_AUOw4aE/pics/XYJ_AUOw4aE752794.jpg'}, {'end': 831.2, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 790.833, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 796.415, 'text': 'and the ferrite intensifies the magnetic field inside of the loop so that we can tune into it.', 'start': 790.833, 'duration': 5.582}, {'end': 800.056, 'text': "And of course we're going to use a variable capacitor to do so.", 'start': 796.835, 'duration': 3.221}, {'end': 805.897, 'text': 'And the variable capacitor is going to set the resonance frequency, also known as tuning the radio,', 'start': 800.316, 'duration': 5.581}, {'end': 813.159, 'text': "and it's going to allow us to block a frequency or a range of frequencies and act as a filter so that the target frequency is clear.", 'start': 805.897, 'duration': 7.262}, {'end': 815.281, 'text': 'And this is the piezo earphone.', 'start': 813.479, 'duration': 1.802}, {'end': 818.025, 'text': "I'm actually going to jump over to a slide and explain how it works.", 'start': 815.301, 'duration': 2.724}, {'end': 826.955, 'text': 'So you saw a piezo earphone and I just want to get into a little bit more specifics in regards to how it actually takes a signal and converts it back into sound.', 'start': 818.565, 'duration': 8.39}, {'end': 831.2, 'text': 'Now a piezo earphone is used to turn electric signals into sound.', 'start': 827.235, 'duration': 3.965}], 'summary': 'Using ferrite and variable capacitor to tune and filter radio frequencies, and piezo earphone for sound conversion.', 'duration': 40.367, 'max_score': 790.833, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XYJ_AUOw4aE/pics/XYJ_AUOw4aE790833.jpg'}, {'end': 968.898, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 941.433, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 946.278, 'text': 'The coil also is going to generate electricity as distant radio waves hit it,', 'start': 941.433, 'duration': 4.845}, {'end': 952.664, 'text': "and an amplifier in this IC is going to use the coil's electricity plus the electricity from the battery to increase the sound.", 'start': 946.278, 'duration': 6.386}, {'end': 961.552, 'text': "And the final thing that this IC is going to do that's very beneficial is it contains an automatic gain control which determines how much amplification to use.", 'start': 953.104, 'duration': 8.448}, {'end': 968.898, 'text': 'And, for example, a weak station is going to receive more amplification while a stronger station is going to receive less,', 'start': 962.032, 'duration': 6.866}], 'summary': "Ic uses coil's electricity and battery to amplify sound with automatic gain control.", 'duration': 27.465, 'max_score': 941.433, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XYJ_AUOw4aE/pics/XYJ_AUOw4aE941433.jpg'}], 'start': 599.247, 'title': 'Radio wave transmission and building a three penny radio', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of radio wave transmission, such as wave creation, wavelength, frequency, transmission, and modulation. it also describes in detail the construction of a three penny radio, including components like the ferrite rod antenna, variable capacitor, piezo earphone, and integrated circuit, providing a comprehensive assembly guide.', 'chapters': [{'end': 752.434, 'start': 599.247, 'title': 'Radio wave transmission basics', 'summary': 'Explains the basics of radio wave transmission, including the creation of radio waves, wave length, frequency, radio transmission, and modulation.', 'duration': 153.187, 'highlights': ['Radio waves are created by moving electrons up and down an antenna, and their frequency is determined by the number of waves occurring over a fixed length. The creation of radio waves involves moving electrons up and down an antenna, and the frequency of the waves is determined by the number of waves occurring over a fixed length.', "A radio transmitter from a station produces waves at a specific frequency, and a receiver's job is to tune into that specific frequency. Radio transmitters produce waves at a specific frequency, and the receiver's task is to tune into that specific frequency.", 'Sound is converted into an electrical signal using a microphone, where air molecules cause vibrations that produce waves, and the resulting pulsating current creates an alternating current. Sound is converted into an electrical signal using a microphone, where air molecules cause vibrations that produce waves, and the resulting pulsating current creates an alternating current.', 'A carrier wave is used to transmit sound over long distances using a specific frequency, and the process of converting the sound to this frequency is called modulation. A carrier wave is used to transmit sound over long distances using a specific frequency, and the process of converting the sound to this frequency is called modulation.', 'Radio waves are a form of light that cannot be seen, and they can bounce off objects or the atmosphere. Radio waves are a form of light that cannot be seen, and they can bounce off objects or the atmosphere.']}, {'end': 1054.245, 'start': 752.794, 'title': 'Building a three penny radio', 'summary': 'Discusses the construction of a three penny radio, detailing the components and their functions, including the ferrite rod antenna, variable capacitor, piezo earphone, and integrated circuit, offering a comprehensive guide to assembling the radio.', 'duration': 301.451, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the construction of a three penny radio, detailing the components and their functions. It covers the use of ferrite rod antenna, variable capacitor, piezo earphone, and integrated circuit in building the radio.', 'The ferrite rod antenna works by intensifying the magnetic field inside the loop, enabling tuning into the desired frequency. The compact ferrite rod antenna is used in portable transistor broadcast receivers and is made by wrapping a coil around an iron-based magnetic ferrite rod.', 'The variable capacitor sets the resonance frequency and acts as a filter to clear the target frequency. It allows blocking a frequency or range of frequencies, enabling tuning of the radio.', 'The piezo earphone converts electric signals into sound by vibrating the diaphragm and creating sound waves. It contains a brass disc coated in barium titanate ceramic, which vibrates to convert electrical signals into sound.', "The integrated circuit contains resistors, capacitors, and an automatic gain control, amplifying the sound and avoiding the need for a volume control. It converts AC to DC, amplifies the sound, generates electricity from radio waves, and contains an automatic gain control to adjust amplification based on the station's strength."]}], 'duration': 454.998, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/XYJ_AUOw4aE/pics/XYJ_AUOw4aE599247.jpg', 'highlights': ['Radio waves are created by moving electrons up and down an antenna, and their frequency is determined by the number of waves occurring over a fixed length.', "A radio transmitter from a station produces waves at a specific frequency, and a receiver's job is to tune into that specific frequency.", 'Sound is converted into an electrical signal using a microphone, where air molecules cause vibrations that produce waves, and the resulting pulsating current creates an alternating current.', 'A carrier wave is used to transmit sound over long distances using a specific frequency, and the process of converting the sound to this frequency is called modulation.', 'The chapter discusses the construction of a three penny radio, detailing the components and their functions.', 'The ferrite rod antenna works by intensifying the magnetic field inside the loop, enabling tuning into the desired frequency.', 'The variable capacitor sets the resonance frequency and acts as a filter to clear the target frequency.', 'The piezo earphone converts electric signals into sound by vibrating the diaphragm and creating sound waves.', 'The integrated circuit contains resistors, capacitors, and an automatic gain control, amplifying the sound and avoiding the need for a volume control.']}], 'highlights': ['Comprehensive coverage of fundamental electronics principles. (Chapter 1)', 'Demonstrating the construction of a three penny radio on a breadboard. Practical demonstration, usage of breadboard for simplicity. (Chapter 1)', 'Explaining topics in varying levels of detail to maintain engagement and interest. Adaptation of content for audience enjoyment and learning. (Chapter 1)', 'The chapter provides a clear explanation of electricity, defining electrical current as the movement of electrons through a conductor, and quantifying it by stating that one ampere is equal to approximately 6.28 x 10^18 electrons passing a point per second. (Chapter 2)', "The chapter discusses the influence of electron shell configurations on a substance's conductivity and explains voltage as the force applied to a current, exemplified by a practical demonstration of voltage measurement using a digital multimeter. (Chapter 2)", 'The chapter provides a detailed demonstration of determining the resistance of resistors using color codes and multimeters and highlights the significance of accurate resistance for circuit components. (Chapter 2)', "The chapter elucidates the principles of LEDs as semiconductor devices and illustrates the use of resistors to limit current for protecting LEDs in a circuit, along with the application of Ohm's law to determine the appropriate resistance for LED protection. (Chapter 2)", 'Radio waves are created by moving electrons up and down an antenna, and their frequency is determined by the number of waves occurring over a fixed length. (Chapter 3)', "A radio transmitter from a station produces waves at a specific frequency, and a receiver's job is to tune into that specific frequency. (Chapter 3)", 'Sound is converted into an electrical signal using a microphone, where air molecules cause vibrations that produce waves, and the resulting pulsating current creates an alternating current. (Chapter 3)', 'A carrier wave is used to transmit sound over long distances using a specific frequency, and the process of converting the sound to this frequency is called modulation. (Chapter 3)', 'The chapter discusses the construction of a three penny radio, detailing the components and their functions. (Chapter 3)', 'The ferrite rod antenna works by intensifying the magnetic field inside the loop, enabling tuning into the desired frequency. (Chapter 3)', 'The variable capacitor sets the resonance frequency and acts as a filter to clear the target frequency. (Chapter 3)', 'The piezo earphone converts electric signals into sound by vibrating the diaphragm and creating sound waves. (Chapter 3)', 'The integrated circuit contains resistors, capacitors, and an automatic gain control, amplifying the sound and avoiding the need for a volume control. (Chapter 3)']}