title
MySQL Tutorial For Beginners | Introduction to MySQL | Learn MySQL | MySQL Training | Edureka

description
🔥 MYSQL DBA Certification Training (Use Code "𝐘𝐎𝐔𝐓𝐔𝐁𝐄𝟐𝟎"): https://www.edureka.co/search This Edureka tutorial video on MySQL explains all the fundamentals of MySQL with examples. The following are the topics covered in this MySQL tutorial for beginners: 1. What is Database & DBMS? 2. Structured Query Language 3. MySQL & MySQL Workbench 4. Entity Relationship Diagram 5. Normalization 6. SQL Operations & Commands Subscribe to our Edureka YouTube channel and hit the bell icon to get video updates: https://goo.gl/6ohpTV #Edureka #MySQLEdureka #SQLEdureka #MySQLTutorial #MySQLTraining -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- References: Fundamentals of Database Systems - Elmasri-Navathe How does it work? 1. This is a 4 Week Instructor-led Online Course. 2. The course consists of 24 hours of online classes, 25 hours of assignment, 20 hours of project 3. We have a 24x7 One-on-One LIVE Technical Support to help you with any problems you might face or any clarifications you may require during the course. 4. You will get Lifetime Access to the recordings in the LMS. 5. At the end of the training, you will have to complete the project based on which we will provide you with a Verifiable Certificate! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - About the Course MySQL DBA Certification Training trains you on the core concepts & advanced tools and techniques to manage data and administer the MySQL Database. It includes hands-on learning on concepts like MySQL Workbench, MySQL Server, Data Modeling, MySQL Connector, Database Design, MySQL Command line, MySQL Functions etc. End of the training you will be able to create and administer your own MySQL Database and manage data. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Who should go for this course? This course can be beneficial for people having the below professional background: Database Developers Application Developers Database Designers Database Administrators - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Project In the project you will be creating a Database using MySQL on SALARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM :- • Employee list to be maintained having id, name, designation, experience • Salary details having employee id, current salary • Salary in hand details having employee id, CTC salary, pf deduction or any other deduction and net salary to be given and also maintain details of total savings of employee • Salary increment to be given by next year if any depending upon constraints • Deduction in monthly salary if any depending upon any discrepancy in work and amount to be deducted. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Got a question on the topic? Please share it in the comment section below and our experts will answer it for you. For more information, please write back to us at sales@edureka.co or call us at IND: 9606058406 / US: 18338555775 (toll free).

detail
{'title': 'MySQL Tutorial For Beginners | Introduction to MySQL | Learn MySQL | MySQL Training | Edureka', 'heatmap': [{'end': 3327.788, 'start': 3170.413, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': 'This mysql tutorial covers database management systems, sql commands, entity relationship diagrams, normalizations, mysql workbench, sql query operations, using sql operators, sql fundamentals, and implementation, providing comprehensive knowledge and examples for beginners in mysql. it includes topics on data, databases, entity-relationship model, database keys, data manipulation, and aggregate functions, enabling learners to grasp the fundamental concepts of mysql and sql.', 'chapters': [{'end': 94.052, 'segs': [{'end': 72.92, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 32.876, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 37.258, 'text': "We'll start today's session by understanding the very basic ideology that is data.", 'start': 32.876, 'duration': 4.382}, {'end': 41.379, 'text': "then we'll understand databases and then, finally, we'll understand database management system.", 'start': 37.258, 'duration': 4.121}, {'end': 46.981, 'text': "Once you understand this, I'll make you go through the entity relationship diagrams, normalizations,", 'start': 41.959, 'duration': 5.022}, {'end': 54.284, 'text': 'the various SQL commands and also various other concepts of SQL, such as views, triggers, procedures and many others.', 'start': 46.981, 'duration': 7.303}, {'end': 56.391, 'text': "So don't worry guys in this session.", 'start': 54.87, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 59.713, 'text': "You'll be learning all about database management systems in my sequel.", 'start': 56.411, 'duration': 3.302}, {'end': 62.574, 'text': 'So now without wasting, you know any further time.', 'start': 60.153, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 64.715, 'text': "Let's just get started with the session now.", 'start': 62.934, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 69.498, 'text': "So now as all of us know that you know Quintin's of data is all around us.", 'start': 65.156, 'duration': 4.342}, {'end': 71.879, 'text': 'But what exactly does this data term mean??', 'start': 69.838, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 72.92, 'text': 'Have you thought about it??', 'start': 71.959, 'duration': 0.961}], 'summary': 'Learn database management systems in mysql including entity relationship diagrams, normalizations, sql commands, views, triggers, and procedures.', 'duration': 40.044, 'max_score': 32.876, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_832876.jpg'}], 'start': 11.363, 'title': 'Mysql and database management systems', 'summary': 'Covers the fundamentals of database management systems and mysql, including topics on data, databases, and database management systems, along with sql commands, entity relationship diagrams, normalizations, views, triggers, and procedures.', 'chapters': [{'end': 94.052, 'start': 11.363, 'title': 'Mysql and database management systems', 'summary': 'Covers the fundamentals of database management systems and mysql, including topics on data, databases, and database management systems, along with sql commands, entity relationship diagrams, normalizations, views, triggers, and procedures.', 'duration': 82.689, 'highlights': ['The session covers topics on data, databases, and database management systems, along with SQL commands, entity relationship diagrams, normalizations, views, triggers, and procedures. The session includes teachings on the basic ideology of data, understanding databases, and database management systems, along with entity relationship diagrams, normalizations, and various SQL commands such as views, triggers, and procedures.', "The session emphasizes the importance of understanding data and its role in identifying employees within a company. The importance of data in identifying employees within a company is highlighted, where each employee's name is used to identify them within their respective departments and positions."]}], 'duration': 82.689, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_811363.jpg', 'highlights': ['Covers the fundamentals of database management systems and MySQL, including topics on data, databases, and database management systems, along with SQL commands, entity relationship diagrams, normalizations, views, triggers, and procedures.', 'The session emphasizes the importance of understanding data and its role in identifying employees within a company.']}, {'end': 725.374, 'segs': [{'end': 144.12, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 116.579, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 122.303, 'text': 'Now, how do you think the company stores so much amount of data all together to identify all the employees?', 'start': 116.579, 'duration': 5.724}, {'end': 125.266, 'text': "Well, that's obviously through a database, right?", 'start': 122.724, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 129.829, 'text': 'So you can consider a database as a container where in all the data is stored.', 'start': 125.646, 'duration': 4.183}, {'end': 137.135, 'text': "So database is basically a systematic collection of the data which supports the storage and manipulation of the data that you've stored.", 'start': 130.169, 'duration': 6.966}, {'end': 144.12, 'text': 'So, in simple terms, if you have to understand database, then just consider it like a container where in your data is stored right?', 'start': 137.635, 'duration': 6.485}], 'summary': 'Company stores large data in a database, a systematic data container.', 'duration': 27.541, 'max_score': 116.579, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_8116579.jpg'}, {'end': 252.329, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 226.818, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 231.464, 'text': 'the relational database management system and the object-oriented database management system.', 'start': 226.818, 'duration': 4.646}, {'end': 234.916, 'text': 'So starting with the hierarchical database management system.', 'start': 232.054, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 240.44, 'text': 'basically, this type of database management system employs the parent-child relationship of storing data.', 'start': 234.916, 'duration': 5.524}, {'end': 246.644, 'text': 'So, as you can understand, with the name it basically stores the parent-child relationship of storing data right?', 'start': 240.82, 'duration': 5.824}, {'end': 252.329, 'text': 'So this type of DBMS, or you know, database management system is obviously rarely used nowadays.', 'start': 247.025, 'duration': 5.304}], 'summary': 'Hierarchical dbms stores parent-child relationships, rarely used nowadays.', 'duration': 25.511, 'max_score': 226.818, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_8226818.jpg'}, {'end': 307.6, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 281.243, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 289.606, 'text': 'So this usually results in a complex database structure, and I can say that you know the RDM server is an example of this kind of DBMS, right?', 'start': 281.243, 'duration': 8.363}, {'end': 292.247, 'text': 'Now moving on to the relational DBMS.', 'start': 290.086, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 299.809, 'text': 'Well, the relational DBMS as the name suggests defines the database relationships in the form of tables also known as relations.', 'start': 292.647, 'duration': 7.162}, {'end': 307.6, 'text': 'So unlike the network database management system, the relational database management system does not support many to many relationships.', 'start': 300.555, 'duration': 7.045}], 'summary': 'Rdm server exemplifies complex database structure. relational dbms uses tables for relationships and does not support many-to-many relationships.', 'duration': 26.357, 'max_score': 281.243, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_8281243.jpg'}, {'end': 343.424, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 316.186, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 323.691, 'text': 'So if you ask me your example for this, then I could say that you know the Microsoft SQL Server database are all the examples for this kind of DBMS.', 'start': 316.186, 'duration': 7.505}, {'end': 328.335, 'text': 'Now moving on to the final DBMS that is the object-oriented DBMS.', 'start': 324.432, 'duration': 3.903}, {'end': 332.738, 'text': 'Well, this type of DBMS mainly supports the storage of new data types.', 'start': 328.755, 'duration': 3.983}, {'end': 336.2, 'text': 'So the data to be stored is in the form of the objects,', 'start': 333.378, 'duration': 2.822}, {'end': 343.424, 'text': 'and the objects to be stored in the database have their own attributes and methods so that they define what they have to do with the data right?', 'start': 336.2, 'duration': 7.224}], 'summary': 'Object-oriented dbms supports storage of new data types using objects with attributes and methods.', 'duration': 27.238, 'max_score': 316.186, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_8316186.jpg'}, {'end': 477.975, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 451.594, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 457.218, 'text': 'they work with tables and then you define relations between the tables, and it is also an open source software.', 'start': 451.594, 'duration': 5.624}, {'end': 459.28, 'text': 'It provides multi-user access,', 'start': 457.479, 'duration': 1.801}, {'end': 464.945, 'text': 'so you can know that you know many number of users can use this particular database management system and retrieve the data.', 'start': 459.28, 'duration': 5.665}, {'end': 470.369, 'text': 'MySQL also supports multi-storage engines and works on many platforms, right?', 'start': 465.505, 'duration': 4.864}, {'end': 477.975, 'text': 'So, in simple terms, if you just have to understand in a single line, then it is a relational database management system which is open source,', 'start': 470.809, 'duration': 7.166}], 'summary': 'Mysql is an open source relational database management system, supporting multi-user access and multi-storage engines.', 'duration': 26.381, 'max_score': 451.594, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_8451594.jpg'}, {'end': 567.026, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 544.054, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 554.663, 'text': 'It facilitates creation of new physical data models and also allows the modification of existing MySQL databases with reverse or forward engineering and change management functions.', 'start': 544.054, 'duration': 10.609}, {'end': 559.386, 'text': 'So let me just open my MySQL workbench so that you understand and see how that it goes.', 'start': 554.843, 'duration': 4.543}, {'end': 560.988, 'text': "So let's just open it.", 'start': 559.887, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 562.341, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 562.06, 'duration': 0.281}, {'end': 567.026, 'text': 'Yes So as you can see on the screen, this is the dashboard of my sequel workbench.', 'start': 562.581, 'duration': 4.445}], 'summary': 'Mysql workbench facilitates creation and modification of physical data models with reverse or forward engineering and change management functions.', 'duration': 22.972, 'max_score': 544.054, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_8544054.jpg'}], 'start': 94.052, 'title': 'Data, databases, and sql', 'summary': 'Covers the concept of data, databases, and database management systems, including different types. it also introduces sql as a language for managing relational databases and mysql as a relational database management system with specific features and tools.', 'chapters': [{'end': 355.603, 'start': 94.052, 'title': 'Understanding data, databases, and database management systems', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of data as distinct pieces of information related to any entity, the role of databases as a container for storing data, and the different types of database management systems including hierarchical, network, relational, and object-oriented.', 'duration': 261.551, 'highlights': ['The most popular DBMS today in the market is the relational DBMS, which defines database relationships in the form of tables and does not support many-to-many relationships. The relational DBMS is the most popular today and it defines database relationships in the form of tables, not supporting many-to-many relationships.', 'Object-oriented DBMS supports the storage of new data types in the form of objects with their own attributes and methods, with PostgreSQL as an example. Object-oriented DBMS supports the storage of new data types in the form of objects, with PostgreSQL as an example.', 'The hierarchical DBMS employs the parent-child relationship of storing data and structures like a tree, with nodes representing records and branches representing their fields. The hierarchical DBMS employs the parent-child relationship of storing data and structures like a tree with nodes representing records and branches representing fields.', 'The chapter defines data as distinct pieces of information related to any entity and explains that databases act as containers for storing data. The chapter defines data as distinct pieces of information related to any entity and explains that databases act as containers for storing data.']}, {'end': 725.374, 'start': 356.083, 'title': 'Introduction to sql and mysql', 'summary': 'Introduces sql as a standardized programming language for managing relational databases, and mysql as a relational database management system with features including multi-user access, multi-storage engine support, and 24/7 support. it further discusses mysql workbench as a visual database designing and modeling access tool for mysql server relational databases.', 'duration': 369.291, 'highlights': ['MySQL is a relational database management system which is open source, works on many platforms, provides multi-user access, and also supports multi-storage engines. MySQL is described as a relational database management system with open source nature, multi-platform support, multi-user access, and multi-storage engine support.', 'The features of MySQL include ease of management, robust transactional support, comprehensive application development, high performance, low total cost of ownership, 24/7 support, data protection, high availability, and scalability. MySQL features include ease of management, robust transactional support, comprehensive application development, high performance, low total cost of ownership, 24/7 support, data protection, high availability, and scalability.', 'MySQL Workbench is a visual database designing and modeling access tool for MySQL server relational databases, providing three main modules for SQL development, data modeling, and server administration. MySQL Workbench is described as a visual database designing and modeling access tool with three main modules for SQL development, data modeling, and server administration.']}], 'duration': 631.322, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_894052.jpg', 'highlights': ['The most popular DBMS today is the relational DBMS, defining database relationships in the form of tables.', 'Object-oriented DBMS supports the storage of new data types in the form of objects, with PostgreSQL as an example.', 'The hierarchical DBMS employs the parent-child relationship of storing data and structures like a tree.', 'The chapter defines data as distinct pieces of information related to any entity and explains that databases act as containers for storing data.', 'MySQL is a relational database management system with open source nature, multi-platform support, multi-user access, and multi-storage engine support.', 'MySQL features include ease of management, robust transactional support, comprehensive application development, high performance, low total cost of ownership, 24/7 support, data protection, high availability, and scalability.', 'MySQL Workbench is a visual database designing and modeling access tool with three main modules for SQL development, data modeling, and server administration.']}, {'end': 1459.478, 'segs': [{'end': 789.75, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 762.735, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 770.161, 'text': 'So, you know, you have your create drop alter truncate comment free name all these kinds of commands in the data definition language.', 'start': 762.735, 'duration': 7.426}, {'end': 772.442, 'text': 'Coming to the manipulation language.', 'start': 770.661, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 777.624, 'text': 'all the commands that deal with the manipulation of data present in the database come under this particular section.', 'start': 772.442, 'duration': 5.182}, {'end': 781.546, 'text': 'So you have select, insert, update, delete, and many more in this section.', 'start': 777.784, 'duration': 3.762}, {'end': 789.75, 'text': 'Now the data control language includes all the commands which mainly deal with the rights and permissions and other controls of the database system.', 'start': 782.266, 'duration': 7.484}], 'summary': 'Data definition language includes create, drop, alter, truncate commands. manipulation language involves select, insert, update, delete. data control language deals with rights and permissions of the database system.', 'duration': 27.015, 'max_score': 762.735, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_8762735.jpg'}, {'end': 895.986, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 859.578, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 863.722, 'text': 'But before that, let me just tell you what exactly ER diagram is right?', 'start': 859.578, 'duration': 4.144}, {'end': 867.505, 'text': 'So ER diagram, or an entity relationship diagram,', 'start': 864.082, 'duration': 3.423}, {'end': 874.691, 'text': 'is basically a diagram wherein you represent real world objects as entities and then you understand the relationship between them.', 'start': 867.505, 'duration': 7.186}, {'end': 876.813, 'text': 'So how they are dependent on each other?', 'start': 875.051, 'duration': 1.762}, {'end': 882.798, 'text': 'what kind of attributes do they have, how is one object or one entity dependent on the other entity, and so on.', 'start': 876.813, 'duration': 5.985}, {'end': 886.979, 'text': 'So you can understand all these relationships with the help of ER diagram.', 'start': 883.436, 'duration': 3.543}, {'end': 892.363, 'text': 'So let me just, you know, make you go through this particular ER diagram that you can see on the screen.', 'start': 887.72, 'duration': 4.643}, {'end': 895.986, 'text': 'So this ER diagram is basically for a company database.', 'start': 892.884, 'duration': 3.102}], 'summary': 'Er diagram represents real world objects as entities and their relationships, used for understanding dependencies and attributes in a company database.', 'duration': 36.408, 'max_score': 859.578, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_8859578.jpg'}, {'end': 943.123, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 912.958, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 920.143, 'text': 'So an employee has a social security number, which is basically an employee ID, through which you know that particular employee can be identified,', 'start': 912.958, 'duration': 7.185}, {'end': 924.045, 'text': 'and employee also has a birth date and employee will obviously have a name.', 'start': 920.143, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 930.63, 'text': 'also, who has the first name, middle name and also last name, and employer has an address, salary and the gender right?', 'start': 924.045, 'duration': 6.585}, {'end': 935.113, 'text': 'So an employee can be identified by looking into all these attributes.', 'start': 931.07, 'duration': 4.043}, {'end': 943.123, 'text': 'Now similarly when you come to a department a department has a department name and a department number through which it can be uniquely identified.', 'start': 935.613, 'duration': 7.51}], 'summary': 'Employee is identified by ssn, birth date, name, and employer address. a department is identified by name and number.', 'duration': 30.165, 'max_score': 912.958, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_8912958.jpg'}, {'end': 1036.579, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1010.576, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1017.983, 'text': 'Well, dependent entity basically keeps track of each employees insurance purposes, or you can say that, any official purposes, right?', 'start': 1010.576, 'duration': 7.407}, {'end': 1022.507, 'text': 'So, as I said before, as this particular entity is completely dependent on this,', 'start': 1018.344, 'duration': 4.163}, {'end': 1028.193, 'text': 'So, for any kind of insurance purposes, we obviously need all the details of the employees, right?', 'start': 1022.928, 'duration': 5.265}, {'end': 1036.579, 'text': 'So suppose, if you have to get an insurance done, then the insurance policy needs your name, address, birthday, salary, the gender and so on, right?', 'start': 1028.492, 'duration': 8.087}], 'summary': 'Dependent entity tracks employee details for insurance and official purposes.', 'duration': 26.003, 'max_score': 1010.576, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_81010576.jpg'}, {'end': 1081.593, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1049.005, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1051.207, 'text': "So, now that you've understood the weak entity,", 'start': 1049.005, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 1057.353, 'text': 'let me just tell you that you know the relationship between a strong entity and a weak entity will be a weak relationship.', 'start': 1051.207, 'duration': 6.146}, {'end': 1061.096, 'text': 'So weak relationship is basically represented like this.', 'start': 1057.813, 'duration': 3.283}, {'end': 1061.897, 'text': 'right now.', 'start': 1061.096, 'duration': 0.801}, {'end': 1067.462, 'text': 'coming to the strong relationships, as you can see, the works for relationship, the managers relationship,', 'start': 1061.897, 'duration': 5.565}, {'end': 1072.306, 'text': 'the works on relationship and the supervision relationships are basically the strong relationships.', 'start': 1067.462, 'duration': 4.844}, {'end': 1076.509, 'text': "That's because these are the relationships between two strong entities, right?", 'start': 1072.766, 'duration': 3.743}, {'end': 1081.593, 'text': 'So now let me just tell you how are these relationships happening between all these entities?', 'start': 1076.87, 'duration': 4.723}], 'summary': 'Weak entity has weak relationship, strong relationships between strong entities.', 'duration': 32.588, 'max_score': 1049.005, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_81049005.jpg'}], 'start': 725.894, 'title': 'Sql commands and entity-relationship model', 'summary': 'Covers four command categories in sql and data modeling through entity relationship diagrams. it also explains database entity-relationship model including attributes, entities, relationships, and cardinality ratios in a database system.', 'chapters': [{'end': 912.32, 'start': 725.894, 'title': 'Understanding sql commands and data modeling', 'summary': 'Explains the four command categories in sql: data definition language, data manipulation language, data control language, and transaction control language, and then discusses the concept of data modeling through entity relationship diagrams.', 'duration': 186.426, 'highlights': ['SQL command categories: data definition language, data manipulation language, data control language, and transaction control language The chapter explains the four command categories in SQL, with data manipulation language including commands like select, insert, update, and delete.', 'Entity Relationship Diagram (ER diagram) as a tool for data modeling The chapter introduces the concept of entity relationship diagrams (ER diagrams) for data modeling, representing real world objects as entities and their relationships.', 'Explanation of ER diagram components: entities, attributes, and relationships The chapter explains how ER diagrams represent entities, attributes, and their relationships, using a company database as an example.']}, {'end': 1459.478, 'start': 912.958, 'title': 'Database entity-relationship model', 'summary': 'Explains the attributes, entities, relationships, weak and strong entities, cardinality ratios, and participation in a database system. it covers the identification of employees, departments, and projects, along with their relationships, such as works for, manages, works on, and controls, and the cardinality ratios and participation of entities.', 'duration': 546.52, 'highlights': ['Entities and their attributes are crucial in identification and tracking; for instance, an employee is identified by social security number, birth date, and name, and a department is identified by its name and number. The social security number, birth date, and name are essential attributes for identifying an employee, while a department is identified by its name and number.', "The relationships between entities, such as works for, manages, works on, and dependence, are explained, and the weak entity 'dependent' is introduced, which is entirely reliant on the strong entity 'employee' for insurance and official purposes. The works for, manages, works on, and dependence relationships are described, with the dependent entity being reliant on the employee entity for insurance and official purposes.", "The concept of weak and strong relationships is detailed, with 'works for' and 'managers' being classified as strong relationships, while 'works on' is explained with respect to employees working on projects and the attribute 'hours' providing specific details. The distinction between weak and strong relationships is elucidated, with works for and managers being categorized as strong relationships, and works on being explained, including the attribute 'hours' for specific details."]}], 'duration': 733.584, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_8725894.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the four command categories in SQL, including data manipulation language commands like select, insert, update, and delete.', 'The chapter introduces the concept of entity relationship diagrams (ER diagrams) for data modeling, representing real world objects as entities and their relationships.', 'The chapter explains how ER diagrams represent entities, attributes, and their relationships, using a company database as an example.', 'The social security number, birth date, and name are essential attributes for identifying an employee, while a department is identified by its name and number.', 'The works for, manages, works on, and dependence relationships are described, with the dependent entity being reliant on the employee entity for insurance and official purposes.', "The distinction between weak and strong relationships is elucidated, with works for and managers being categorized as strong relationships, and works on being explained, including the attribute 'hours' for specific details."]}, {'end': 2214.652, 'segs': [{'end': 1491.049, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1460.058, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1464.981, 'text': 'Now coming to the relationship between employee and dependent, as we all know that you know,', 'start': 1460.058, 'duration': 4.923}, {'end': 1468.583, 'text': 'employees are strong entity and dependent is a weak entity.', 'start': 1464.981, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 1472.845, 'text': 'The weak entity is completely dependent on the strong entity.', 'start': 1468.963, 'duration': 3.882}, {'end': 1478.008, 'text': "So that's the reason this shows total participation and this shows partial participation.", 'start': 1473.165, 'duration': 4.843}, {'end': 1482.154, 'text': 'it could be possible that you know not all the employees have insurances right?', 'start': 1478.469, 'duration': 3.685}, {'end': 1491.049, 'text': "That's also another reason that shows that you know the employees have partial participation and the dependent entity has a total participation in this kind of relationship.", 'start': 1482.555, 'duration': 8.494}], 'summary': 'Dependent entity in employee relationship: total vs partial participation explained.', 'duration': 30.991, 'max_score': 1460.058, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_81460058.jpg'}, {'end': 1535.369, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1502.007, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1504.531, 'text': 'some are mentioned with a double oval, and so on, right?', 'start': 1502.007, 'duration': 2.524}, {'end': 1508.216, 'text': "So let's just discuss each one of these attributes one by one.", 'start': 1504.991, 'duration': 3.225}, {'end': 1515.82, 'text': 'So an ER diagram can have a composite attribute, a simple attribute, a single attribute or a multi-valued attribute,', 'start': 1508.756, 'duration': 7.064}, {'end': 1519.982, 'text': 'stored attributes or derived attributes and also complex attributes.', 'start': 1515.82, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 1523.103, 'text': "So we'll start with the composite versus simple attributes.", 'start': 1520.382, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 1529.366, 'text': 'Well composite attributes are basically those attributes which can be divided into small sub parts.', 'start': 1523.463, 'duration': 5.903}, {'end': 1535.369, 'text': 'Now then each of the sub parts basically represent individual basic attributes with their own meanings.', 'start': 1529.746, 'duration': 5.623}], 'summary': 'Er diagram attributes include composite, simple, single, multi-valued, stored, derived, and complex attributes.', 'duration': 33.362, 'max_score': 1502.007, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_81502007.jpg'}, {'end': 1994.14, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1962.257, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1965.681, 'text': "So now let's look into the various kinds of keys in a relational database.", 'start': 1962.257, 'duration': 3.424}, {'end': 1968.725, 'text': 'There are mainly five types of keys in a relational database.', 'start': 1966.002, 'duration': 2.723}, {'end': 1973.512, 'text': 'That is the candidate key the super key the primary key alternate key and the foreign key.', 'start': 1968.745, 'duration': 4.767}, {'end': 1976.459, 'text': "So we'll be discussing each one of them one by one.", 'start': 1974.036, 'duration': 2.423}, {'end': 1983.587, 'text': 'But let me tell you one more thing over here that will be using this particular example that you can see on the screen to understand all these keys right?', 'start': 1976.499, 'duration': 7.088}, {'end': 1986.471, 'text': "So let's just get started with the various kinds of keys.", 'start': 1984.188, 'duration': 2.283}, {'end': 1988.493, 'text': 'So starting with the candidate key.', 'start': 1986.891, 'duration': 1.602}, {'end': 1994.14, 'text': 'the candidate key is basically a minimal set of attributes which can uniquely identify a tuple right?', 'start': 1988.493, 'duration': 5.647}], 'summary': 'Relational database has 5 types of keys: candidate, super, primary, alternate, and foreign key.', 'duration': 31.883, 'max_score': 1962.257, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_81962257.jpg'}], 'start': 1460.058, 'title': 'Employee-dependent relationship and database keys', 'summary': 'Explores the dynamics of employee-dependent relationships, highlighting concepts of total and partial participation. it also provides a comprehensive understanding of er diagram attributes and relational database keys, covering candidate, super, primary, alternate, and foreign keys.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1502.007, 'start': 1460.058, 'title': 'Relationship between employee and dependent', 'summary': 'Discusses the relationship between employees and dependents, highlighting the concept of total and partial participation in this kind of relationship.', 'duration': 41.949, 'highlights': ['The relationship between employee and dependent is characterized by total and partial participation, as the dependent entity is completely dependent on the strong entity, showcasing the dynamics of their association.', 'The concept of total participation and partial participation is exemplified through the scenario where not all employees have insurances, signifying partial participation, while the dependent entity has total participation in this relationship.']}, {'end': 2214.652, 'start': 1502.007, 'title': 'Understanding er diagram and relational database keys', 'summary': 'Explains the types of attributes in an er diagram including composite, simple, single, multivalued, stored, derived, and complex attributes and then delves into the types of keys in a relational database including candidate key, super key, primary key, alternate key, and foreign key, using examples from the transcript.', 'duration': 712.645, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the types of attributes in an ER diagram, including composite, simple, single, multivalued, stored, derived, and complex attributes. It describes the different types of attributes in an ER diagram, such as composite, simple, single, multivalued, stored, derived, and complex attributes.', 'The chapter delves into the types of keys in a relational database, including candidate key, super key, primary key, alternate key, and foreign key. It explains the various types of keys in a relational database, including candidate key, super key, primary key, alternate key, and foreign key.', 'It provides examples of candidate keys and explains their uniqueness and null constraints. It provides examples of candidate keys and explains their uniqueness and null constraints.']}], 'duration': 754.594, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_81460058.jpg', 'highlights': ['The relationship between employee and dependent is characterized by total and partial participation, showcasing the dynamics of their association.', 'The concept of total and partial participation is exemplified through the scenario where not all employees have insurances, signifying partial participation, while the dependent entity has total participation in this relationship.', 'The chapter explains the types of attributes in an ER diagram, including composite, simple, single, multivalued, stored, derived, and complex attributes.', 'The chapter delves into the types of keys in a relational database, including candidate key, super key, primary key, alternate key, and foreign key.', 'It provides examples of candidate keys and explains their uniqueness and null constraints.']}, {'end': 3159.069, 'segs': [{'end': 2278.253, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2252.479, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2260.083, 'text': 'So there are mainly four normal forms that is the 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, but this is not the end of the story guys.', 'start': 2252.479, 'duration': 7.604}, {'end': 2264.986, 'text': 'You can also have further normal forms such as the 4NF, 5NF and the 6NF, right?', 'start': 2260.203, 'duration': 4.783}, {'end': 2265.846, 'text': 'So basically,', 'start': 2265.246, 'duration': 0.6}, {'end': 2272.97, 'text': 'the levels of normal forms goes until you organize a table in such a way that you know your redundancy and dependency of data is reduced, right?', 'start': 2265.846, 'duration': 7.124}, {'end': 2278.253, 'text': 'So suppose, if all your tables are organized by 2NF, so you need not go to 3NF and BCNF.', 'start': 2273.33, 'duration': 4.923}], 'summary': 'There are 4 normal forms (1nf, 2nf, 3nf, bcnf) and additional forms (4nf, 5nf, 6nf) in database normalization, aiming to reduce redundancy and dependency of data.', 'duration': 25.774, 'max_score': 2252.479, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_82252479.jpg'}, {'end': 2654.484, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2629.289, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2635.032, 'text': "Now, if you're wondering, why did I explain transitive functional dependencies, that's because in the third normal form,", 'start': 2629.289, 'duration': 5.743}, {'end': 2640.476, 'text': 'the database should be in the second normal form and it must not have any transitive functional dependencies.', 'start': 2635.032, 'duration': 5.444}, {'end': 2646.699, 'text': "So if you observe in our particular tables, that is, in the tables of the second normal form, you'll see that you know.", 'start': 2640.836, 'duration': 5.863}, {'end': 2650.001, 'text': 'our ID columns are basically the primary key column.', 'start': 2646.699, 'duration': 3.302}, {'end': 2654.484, 'text': 'right and salutation, full name address, are basically the non key columns.', 'start': 2650.001, 'duration': 4.483}], 'summary': 'In third normal form, database should be in second normal form and must not have any transitive functional dependencies.', 'duration': 25.195, 'max_score': 2629.289, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_82629289.jpg'}, {'end': 2825.648, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2799.908, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2806.575, 'text': 'if your database is still not sorted out and it still needs to be organized and you can go further and try out the fourth normal form,', 'start': 2799.908, 'duration': 6.667}, {'end': 2808.777, 'text': 'the fifth normal form and the sixth normal form.', 'start': 2806.575, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 2811.58, 'text': 'So guys that was all about normalization.', 'start': 2809.277, 'duration': 2.303}, {'end': 2817.826, 'text': "So now that I've told you so much about databases how you model your data how you play around with it.", 'start': 2812.245, 'duration': 5.581}, {'end': 2821.207, 'text': 'What exactly are we going to use to connect to our my sequel?', 'start': 2817.906, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 2825.648, 'text': 'How do we understand the ER diagram or how do we normalize the data?', 'start': 2821.727, 'duration': 3.921}], 'summary': 'The transcript covers organizing databases through normalization and connecting to mysql.', 'duration': 25.74, 'max_score': 2799.908, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_82799908.jpg'}, {'end': 2872.125, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2843.188, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2846.669, 'text': 'So the sequel supports all these data types that you can see on the screen.', 'start': 2843.188, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 2854.252, 'text': 'You have the numeric data type, the character string, the bit string, the boolean data type, the date and time data type and the time stamp right?', 'start': 2847.01, 'duration': 7.242}, {'end': 2860.315, 'text': 'So the numeric data type allows the integer small and float, real double precision and the decimal.', 'start': 2854.513, 'duration': 5.802}, {'end': 2868.742, 'text': "So that's basically all the numeric values that you want to enter and also the floating-point values that you want to enter and also the character large objects,", 'start': 2860.715, 'duration': 8.027}, {'end': 2872.125, 'text': 'so that you know you store large amount of characters in your database.', 'start': 2868.742, 'duration': 3.383}], 'summary': 'Sequel supports various data types including numeric, character, boolean, and date/time, allowing storage of large amounts of characters.', 'duration': 28.937, 'max_score': 2843.188, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_82843188.jpg'}, {'end': 3061.595, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3032.627, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3034.689, 'text': 'now moving on to the data manipulation commands.', 'start': 3032.627, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 3040.915, 'text': 'You can use the update command, which is basically used to update any attribute value in one or more table rows.', 'start': 3034.729, 'duration': 6.186}, {'end': 3044.119, 'text': 'the commit command to permanently save the data changes.', 'start': 3040.915, 'duration': 3.204}, {'end': 3046.882, 'text': 'the insert command to insert a new row in the table.', 'start': 3044.119, 'duration': 2.763}, {'end': 3052.067, 'text': 'The select command, which basically selects attributes from rows and one or more tables of views.', 'start': 3047.362, 'duration': 4.705}, {'end': 3053.328, 'text': 'So, in select,', 'start': 3052.447, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 3061.595, 'text': 'you can use the where group by having an order by the where command is basically used to restrict the selection of rows based on a conditional expression.', 'start': 3053.328, 'duration': 8.267}], 'summary': 'Data manipulation commands include update, commit, insert, and select with options for where, group by, having, and order by.', 'duration': 28.968, 'max_score': 3032.627, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_83032627.jpg'}], 'start': 2214.652, 'title': 'Database normalization and sql commands', 'summary': 'Covers relational database normalization, including keys, normalization techniques, and levels up to 6nf. it explains the process of normalizing a database into first, second, and third normal forms with examples. additionally, it provides an overview of sql data types, constraints, commands, and functions.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2368.769, 'start': 2214.652, 'title': 'Relational database normalization', 'summary': 'Covers the various kinds of keys in the relational database, the technique of normalization to reduce data redundancy and dependency, and the levels of normal forms up to 6nf, with a focus on explaining 1nf, 2nf, 3nf, and bcnf using a video library database example.', 'duration': 154.117, 'highlights': ['Normalization is a technique that organizes tables to reduce redundancy and data dependency. Normalization is a technique that reduces redundancy and data dependency in tables, ensuring that each table cell has a single value, as per the 1NF rule.', 'Explaining the concept of normalization using the 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF, with the example of a video library database. The chapter elaborates on the concept of normalization by using the example of a video library database and the application of 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF in organizing tables to reduce redundancy and data dependency.', 'Understanding the levels of normal forms up to 6NF, with the requirement to progress to higher normal forms until redundancy and data dependency are minimized. The chapter introduces the levels of normal forms up to 6NF, emphasizing the need to progress to higher normal forms until tables are organized to minimize redundancy and data dependency.']}, {'end': 2758.351, 'start': 2368.769, 'title': 'Database normalization process', 'summary': 'Explains the process of normalizing a database into first, second, and third normal forms using examples of rental data, emphasizing the objectives and steps involved in achieving each normal form, mentioning the use of composite keys and the elimination of transitive functional dependencies.', 'duration': 389.582, 'highlights': ['The process of normalizing a database is explained, emphasizing the objectives and steps involved in achieving each normal form. The chapter covers the process of normalizing a database into first, second, and third normal forms, highlighting the objectives and steps involved in achieving each normal form.', 'Examples of rental data are used to illustrate the normalization process, including the use of composite keys. Examples of rental data, such as Miss Alice Johnson and David Allen renting out different movies, are used to illustrate the normalization process, including the use of composite keys to represent addresses.', 'The concept of transitive functional dependencies and its relevance to achieving the third normal form is explained. The concept of transitive functional dependencies is explained, highlighting its relevance to achieving the third normal form and the need to eliminate such dependencies.']}, {'end': 3159.069, 'start': 2758.351, 'title': 'Normalization and sql commands overview', 'summary': 'Covers the concept of normalization, including the third nf, pcnf, and further normal forms, as well as an overview of sql data types, constraints, and commands. it also introduces the sql data definition and manipulation commands, logical and comparison operators, aggregate functions, and special operators.', 'duration': 400.718, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the concept of normalization, covering the third NF, PCNF, and further normal forms. It mentions the database being in the third NF and the use of PCNF for databases with multiple candidate keys and anomalies, as well as the possibility of organizing databases further into the fourth, fifth, and sixth normal forms.', 'An overview of SQL data types and constraints is provided, including numeric, character string, bit string, boolean, date and time data types, as well as not null, unique, check, default, and index constraints. The types of data supported by SQL, including numeric, character large objects, bit string, boolean, date, time, and timestamp, are explained, along with the purpose of constraints like not null, unique, check, default, and index.', "An overview of SQL data definition and manipulation commands is given, encompassing commands such as create index, modify table's definition, drop table, create schema, create table, drop view, and more. The commands for data definition, such as create index, modify table's definition, drop table, create schema, and create table, are explained, along with data manipulation commands like update, commit, insert, select, where, group by, having, order by, delete, and rollback."]}], 'duration': 944.417, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_82214652.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces the levels of normal forms up to 6NF, emphasizing the need to progress to higher normal forms until tables are organized to minimize redundancy and data dependency.', 'The chapter covers the process of normalizing a database into first, second, and third normal forms, highlighting the objectives and steps involved in achieving each normal form.', 'The concept of transitive functional dependencies is explained, highlighting its relevance to achieving the third normal form and the need to eliminate such dependencies.', 'The types of data supported by SQL, including numeric, character large objects, bit string, boolean, date, time, and timestamp, are explained, along with the purpose of constraints like not null, unique, check, default, and index.', "The commands for data definition, such as create index, modify table's definition, drop table, create schema, and create table, are explained, along with data manipulation commands like update, commit, insert, select, where, group by, having, order by, delete, and rollback."]}, {'end': 3792.099, 'segs': [{'end': 3333.651, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 3159.509, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3163.17, 'text': 'The exist operator checks whether a sub query returns any rows.', 'start': 3159.509, 'duration': 3.661}, {'end': 3169.973, 'text': 'The distinct operator limits to unique values, right? So guys, these are few data manipulation commands and data definition commands.', 'start': 3163.471, 'duration': 6.502}, {'end': 3175.476, 'text': "Now, let's just quickly shift to a MySQL workbench and let's just see how we can play around with these commands.", 'start': 3170.413, 'duration': 5.063}, {'end': 3179.839, 'text': "All right guys, so let's get started with our bicycle workbench.", 'start': 3176.537, 'duration': 3.302}, {'end': 3183.181, 'text': "So I'm going to use the same connection that I just created before.", 'start': 3180.099, 'duration': 3.082}, {'end': 3184.642, 'text': 'So let me just open that.', 'start': 3183.261, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 3185.583, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 3185.303, 'duration': 0.28}, {'end': 3188.865, 'text': "So now, when you open your connection, you'll see a dashboard like this right?", 'start': 3185.643, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 3193.688, 'text': 'So let me just enable all the panels over here so that you can see all the panels.', 'start': 3189.205, 'duration': 4.483}, {'end': 3199.01, 'text': 'So, as you can see on the screen, guys, this is how your MySQL workbench looks like.', 'start': 3194.488, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 3202.611, 'text': 'so now let me just add a query editor so that we can write our query.', 'start': 3199.01, 'duration': 3.601}, {'end': 3206.212, 'text': "So for that you go to file and you'll choose the new query tab.", 'start': 3202.671, 'duration': 3.541}, {'end': 3209.993, 'text': 'So this will basically open your new queries tab right now.', 'start': 3206.552, 'duration': 3.441}, {'end': 3219.677, 'text': "What we're going to do is we're going to first create our schema that is basically a database and that I'm going to create it on the basis of the entity relationship diagram that we just discussed before,", 'start': 3210.073, 'duration': 9.604}, {'end': 3222.199, 'text': "right?. So let's say I want to create a new schema.", 'start': 3219.677, 'duration': 2.522}, {'end': 3232.968, 'text': "So what I'll do is I'll go to this schemas option over here and then I'll right click over here and choose the option create schema and then let's say we mentioned the schemas name to be company.", 'start': 3222.219, 'duration': 10.749}, {'end': 3236.031, 'text': "So I'll mention company over here and I'll click on apply.", 'start': 3233.008, 'duration': 3.023}, {'end': 3242.657, 'text': "So once you click on apply you'll see that your SQL script which will be applied will be displayed to you.", 'start': 3237.612, 'duration': 5.045}, {'end': 3245.319, 'text': "So that's the command that we want to be applied.", 'start': 3243.017, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 3247.101, 'text': "So we'll just click on apply over here.", 'start': 3245.379, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 3254.413, 'text': "Once you see that you know your SQL script is applied to the database, you'll see an output that you know executed SQL statements right?", 'start': 3247.808, 'duration': 6.605}, {'end': 3256.755, 'text': "Once you're done with that, just click on finish.", 'start': 3254.873, 'duration': 1.882}, {'end': 3260.878, 'text': "So you'll see that you know your company schema has been created right?", 'start': 3257.255, 'duration': 3.623}, {'end': 3265.82, 'text': 'So now, once your schema has been created, obviously our next step is to create tables.', 'start': 3261.539, 'duration': 4.281}, {'end': 3268.84, 'text': "So to create the tables, we're going to use the create command.", 'start': 3266.1, 'duration': 2.74}, {'end': 3276.862, 'text': "So we'll just type in create table and then let's say we want to create it for the company database, right? So we'll just mention the database name.", 'start': 3268.88, 'duration': 7.982}, {'end': 3280.722, 'text': "So let's say company dot let's mention the tables name over here.", 'start': 3276.922, 'duration': 3.8}, {'end': 3287.343, 'text': "Let's say I mentioned it to be employee and then I'll mention all the parameters that I want to mention, right?", 'start': 3280.762, 'duration': 6.581}, {'end': 3290.784, 'text': 'So let me just go back to my entity relationship diagram over here.', 'start': 3287.703, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 3298.558, 'text': 'So, as you can see on the screen, the employee entity has various attributes, such as the name, that is, the first name, middle name, last name,', 'start': 3291.696, 'duration': 6.862}, {'end': 3303.039, 'text': 'address, salaries, the gender that is basically the sex, birth date and Estes.', 'start': 3298.558, 'duration': 4.481}, {'end': 3303.419, 'text': 'in right?', 'start': 3303.039, 'duration': 0.38}, {'end': 3307.46, 'text': "So we're going to mention all these attribute names as the column names, right?", 'start': 3303.679, 'duration': 3.781}, {'end': 3308.881, 'text': "So let's just do that.", 'start': 3307.86, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 3313.222, 'text': "So let's go back over here and let's just type in all the attribute names.", 'start': 3309.341, 'duration': 3.881}, {'end': 3319.023, 'text': "So let's say first name to be of varchar type that is basically it could be a variable length of characters.", 'start': 3313.282, 'duration': 5.741}, {'end': 3325.426, 'text': "Let's say of 15 characters and not done that means when I say it's not null.", 'start': 3319.063, 'duration': 6.363}, {'end': 3327.788, 'text': 'It means that you know, it cannot have a null value.', 'start': 3325.546, 'duration': 2.242}, {'end': 3333.651, 'text': "It's mandatory that the column must have some of the other value for every tuple right once you're done with that.", 'start': 3327.868, 'duration': 5.783}], 'summary': 'The transcript covers data manipulation and mysql workbench operations for schema and table creation.', 'duration': 174.142, 'max_score': 3159.509, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_83159509.jpg'}, {'end': 3242.657, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3222.219, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3232.968, 'text': "So what I'll do is I'll go to this schemas option over here and then I'll right click over here and choose the option create schema and then let's say we mentioned the schemas name to be company.", 'start': 3222.219, 'duration': 10.749}, {'end': 3236.031, 'text': "So I'll mention company over here and I'll click on apply.", 'start': 3233.008, 'duration': 3.023}, {'end': 3242.657, 'text': "So once you click on apply you'll see that your SQL script which will be applied will be displayed to you.", 'start': 3237.612, 'duration': 5.045}], 'summary': "Creating a schema named 'company' in sql with a right click and 'apply' option.", 'duration': 20.438, 'max_score': 3222.219, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_83222219.jpg'}, {'end': 3287.343, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3261.539, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3265.82, 'text': 'So now, once your schema has been created, obviously our next step is to create tables.', 'start': 3261.539, 'duration': 4.281}, {'end': 3268.84, 'text': "So to create the tables, we're going to use the create command.", 'start': 3266.1, 'duration': 2.74}, {'end': 3276.862, 'text': "So we'll just type in create table and then let's say we want to create it for the company database, right? So we'll just mention the database name.", 'start': 3268.88, 'duration': 7.982}, {'end': 3280.722, 'text': "So let's say company dot let's mention the tables name over here.", 'start': 3276.922, 'duration': 3.8}, {'end': 3287.343, 'text': "Let's say I mentioned it to be employee and then I'll mention all the parameters that I want to mention, right?", 'start': 3280.762, 'duration': 6.581}], 'summary': 'Creating tables using the create command for a database schema.', 'duration': 25.804, 'max_score': 3261.539, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_83261539.jpg'}, {'end': 3524.111, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3495.525, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3500.147, 'text': 'So what primary key basically is that it uniquely identifies all the tuples over here.', 'start': 3495.525, 'duration': 4.622}, {'end': 3506.471, 'text': 'So in the employee table, we want the SSN column to be the primary key because it is unique for each and every employee.', 'start': 3500.187, 'duration': 6.284}, {'end': 3510.993, 'text': "So we'll just mention that primary key is SSN.", 'start': 3506.951, 'duration': 4.042}, {'end': 3514.483, 'text': 'So let me just type in SSN over here.', 'start': 3512.501, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 3517.966, 'text': "All right, and then we'll end it with a semicolon.", 'start': 3515.504, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 3520.748, 'text': 'So guys, this is how you know, you can create your own table.', 'start': 3518.246, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 3524.111, 'text': 'So let me just run this command and show you so to run this command.', 'start': 3520.788, 'duration': 3.323}], 'summary': 'Primary key ssn uniquely identifies employee tuples.', 'duration': 28.586, 'max_score': 3495.525, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_83495525.jpg'}, {'end': 3568.606, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3539.576, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 3543.378, 'text': "I'll show you how our table exactly looks right now apart from this.", 'start': 3539.576, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 3549.96, 'text': "Let's create the tables for all of the entities such as the department project independent now apart from this.", 'start': 3543.478, 'duration': 6.482}, {'end': 3555.062, 'text': 'Let me also tell you that you have to create the tables for works on and the department locations,', 'start': 3550.04, 'duration': 5.022}, {'end': 3559.303, 'text': "and that's because you know works on is a total participation relationship right?", 'start': 3555.402, 'duration': 3.901}, {'end': 3564.045, 'text': 'So you need the values of both the employees and projects for that particular relationship.', 'start': 3559.563, 'duration': 4.482}, {'end': 3568.606, 'text': "So that's the reason you have to create a table for that, and also Department locations,", 'start': 3564.305, 'duration': 4.301}], 'summary': 'Creating tables for entities and relationships including works on and department locations.', 'duration': 29.03, 'max_score': 3539.576, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_83539576.jpg'}, {'end': 3669.891, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3640.777, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 3644.679, 'text': 'But before that, you know, you can also use a command known as the use database.', 'start': 3640.777, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 3649.862, 'text': "So when you use that command, you'll see that you know you don't have to mention this part of the statement,", 'start': 3645.059, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 3652.524, 'text': 'so you can directly mention create table Department right?', 'start': 3649.862, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 3654.585, 'text': "So let's say let me use that command.", 'start': 3652.924, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 3660.422, 'text': "So I'll just type in use and I'll mention company, right? So that is basically a database name.", 'start': 3654.645, 'duration': 5.777}, {'end': 3666.668, 'text': "Now once I'm done with that, I'll just run this command and then you'll see that you know use company has been executed.", 'start': 3660.842, 'duration': 5.826}, {'end': 3669.891, 'text': 'So that means we are presently using the company database.', 'start': 3666.968, 'duration': 2.923}], 'summary': "Demonstrates using 'use database' command to switch to 'company' database.", 'duration': 29.114, 'max_score': 3640.777, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_83640777.jpg'}, {'end': 3772.689, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3733.865, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3741.85, 'text': 'So basically, this unique constraint is used when you want to make sure that you know all the values in that particular column are unique, right?', 'start': 3733.865, 'duration': 7.985}, {'end': 3745.492, 'text': 'So we have mentioned it for P name, that is basically a projects name.', 'start': 3742.13, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 3748.29, 'text': 'Now we also have the works on table.', 'start': 3746.149, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 3755.074, 'text': 'So that has the employee assistant that is basically dependent on this particular relationship, right? That is between employee and project.', 'start': 3748.37, 'duration': 6.704}, {'end': 3757.615, 'text': 'So we need the employees handling the project.', 'start': 3755.094, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 3760.156, 'text': 'So we need the social security number of the employee.', 'start': 3757.655, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 3761.137, 'text': "So I've mentioned that.", 'start': 3760.196, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 3763.577, 'text': 'and then we have the project number.', 'start': 3761.855, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 3768.704, 'text': "that is basically a primary key of the project table, and also I've added on a new attribute that is r,", 'start': 3763.577, 'duration': 5.127}, {'end': 3772.689, 'text': 'so that we understand how many hours are spent on that project by that particular employee.', 'start': 3768.704, 'duration': 3.985}], 'summary': 'Using unique constraint for project names, linking employees to projects using social security numbers and tracking hours spent on projects.', 'duration': 38.824, 'max_score': 3733.865, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_83733865.jpg'}], 'start': 3159.509, 'title': 'Mysql workbench and data manipulation', 'summary': "Covers the exist and distinct operators for data manipulation, creating a schema and tables using mysql workbench, creating an employee table with attributes such as name, address, salary, and primary key ssn, and creating tables for department, project, works on, and dependent with their attributes and primary keys. it also explains unique constraints and the 'use database' command.", 'chapters': [{'end': 3280.722, 'start': 3159.509, 'title': 'Mysql workbench and data manipulation', 'summary': 'Discusses the exist and distinct operators for data manipulation, and demonstrates creating a schema and tables using mysql workbench.', 'duration': 121.213, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the exist and distinct operators for data manipulation.', "The demonstration includes creating a schema named 'company' using MySQL Workbench.", "The demonstration also involves creating tables within the 'company' schema using the create command."]}, {'end': 3792.099, 'start': 3280.762, 'title': 'Creating employee table and related entities', 'summary': "Discusses the process of creating an employee table, including defining attributes such as name, address, salary, and primary key ssn. it also covers creating tables for department, project, works on, and dependent, including their attributes and primary keys. additionally, it explains the use of unique constraints and the 'use database' command.", 'duration': 511.337, 'highlights': ['The primary key for the employee table is the SSN column, which uniquely identifies each employee. The primary key SSN uniquely identifies each employee.', "The works on table includes the employee's SSN and project number as a primary key, indicating the employees handling specific projects. The primary key for the works on table is the combination of employee SSN and project number, indicating the employees handling specific projects.", 'The process involves creating tables for department, project, works on, and dependent, each with specific attributes and primary keys. Creation of tables for department, project, works on, and dependent, each with specific attributes and primary keys.', 'Unique constraint is used to ensure that all values in a specific column, such as project name, are unique. Unique constraint is used to ensure uniqueness of values, e.g., project names, in specific columns.', "The 'use database' command is utilized to specify the database for executing queries and making changes. The 'use database' command specifies the database for executing queries and making changes."]}], 'duration': 632.59, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_83159509.jpg', 'highlights': ["The demonstration includes creating a schema named 'company' using MySQL Workbench.", 'The chapter discusses the exist and distinct operators for data manipulation.', "The demonstration also involves creating tables within the 'company' schema using the create command.", 'The primary key for the employee table is the SSN column, which uniquely identifies each employee.', "The works on table includes the employee's SSN and project number as a primary key, indicating the employees handling specific projects.", 'Unique constraint is used to ensure that all values in a specific column, such as project name, are unique.', "The 'use database' command is utilized to specify the database for executing queries and making changes.", 'Creation of tables for department, project, works on, and dependent, each with specific attributes and primary keys.']}, {'end': 4630.514, 'segs': [{'end': 4302.48, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4271.79, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4276.593, 'text': "So let me just run these commands again and let's just insert the values.", 'start': 4271.79, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 4280.075, 'text': 'All right.', 'start': 4279.735, 'duration': 0.34}, {'end': 4283.457, 'text': "So as you can see I've inserted all the values back to works on again.", 'start': 4280.095, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 4285.236, 'text': "So, guys, that's how you know.", 'start': 4284.036, 'duration': 1.2}, {'end': 4291.657, 'text': 'you can use the data definition commands, that is basically the create, alter, drop, insert, update commands, right?', 'start': 4285.236, 'duration': 6.421}, {'end': 4295.458, 'text': 'Now you can also delete a tuple from any of the table, right?', 'start': 4292.198, 'duration': 3.26}, {'end': 4302.48, 'text': "So let's say I want to delete a tuple from the works on table where the employee SSN is to be suppose, let's say this particular SSN,", 'start': 4295.738, 'duration': 6.742}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating the use of data definition and manipulation commands for sql, including inserting all values back into the table and explaining the process of deleting a tuple based on a specific employee ssn.', 'duration': 30.69, 'max_score': 4271.79, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_84271790.jpg'}, {'end': 4389.829, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4359.325, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4363.426, 'text': 'Let me just give you an overview of the relational algebra and relational calculus.', 'start': 4359.325, 'duration': 4.101}, {'end': 4369.19, 'text': 'So basically in this we have various categories of relational operators for now.', 'start': 4364.145, 'duration': 5.045}, {'end': 4371.932, 'text': "We're going to start with unary relational operators.", 'start': 4369.21, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 4376.256, 'text': 'That is basically the select operation the project operation and the rename operation.', 'start': 4372.032, 'duration': 4.224}, {'end': 4383.282, 'text': 'So the select operation is basically used to choose a subset of tuples from a relation that satisfies a specific condition.', 'start': 4376.596, 'duration': 6.686}, {'end': 4389.829, 'text': "So let's say, you know, you mentioned a condition that you know, you want all the employees whose salary is greater than 30, 000.", 'start': 4383.663, 'duration': 6.166}], 'summary': 'Overview of relational algebra & calculus: unary operators like select, project, and rename used for filtering data.', 'duration': 30.504, 'max_score': 4359.325, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_84359325.jpg'}, {'end': 4504.05, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4478.315, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4483.199, 'text': 'So the minus operation is also known as the except operation or the set difference operation.', 'start': 4478.315, 'duration': 4.884}, {'end': 4488.782, 'text': "So, starting with the Union operation, when you have two queries, let's say the left and the right query,", 'start': 4483.679, 'duration': 5.103}, {'end': 4495.205, 'text': 'and you perform a Union operation between both the queries, then it will combine all the rows from both the queries right?', 'start': 4488.782, 'duration': 6.423}, {'end': 4501.108, 'text': 'So your output of the Union operation will be a combination of all the rows present in both the queries.', 'start': 4495.445, 'duration': 5.663}, {'end': 4504.05, 'text': 'Now, when you come to the intersect operation.', 'start': 4501.668, 'duration': 2.382}], 'summary': 'Explains union, intersect, and minus operations in sql queries.', 'duration': 25.735, 'max_score': 4478.315, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_84478315.jpg'}, {'end': 4595.947, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4569.818, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4575.86, 'text': 'So the cross product of the Cartesian product between two relations is basically the attributes of, you know,', 'start': 4569.818, 'duration': 6.042}, {'end': 4579.261, 'text': 'one relations followed by each attribute of the other relation.', 'start': 4575.86, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 4583.322, 'text': 'So suppose you have two relations that is a and B as you can see on the screen.', 'start': 4579.541, 'duration': 3.781}, {'end': 4589.525, 'text': 'So the cross product of a and B will result in all the attributes of a followed by each attribute of B.', 'start': 4583.643, 'duration': 5.882}, {'end': 4595.947, 'text': 'So, basically, what will happen is that each record of A will pair with every record of B right?', 'start': 4590.385, 'duration': 5.562}], 'summary': 'Cross product of relations combines all attributes of a with each attribute of b.', 'duration': 26.129, 'max_score': 4569.818, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_84569818.jpg'}], 'start': 3792.099, 'title': 'Sql data and sequel commands', 'summary': 'Covers data definition and manipulation commands like create, alter, drop, insert, update, delete, and introduces relational algebra, set operations, with clear explanations and examples.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4341.981, 'start': 3792.099, 'title': 'Data definition and manipulation commands', 'summary': 'Covers the use of data definition commands (create, alter, drop) and data manipulation commands (insert, update, delete) to create tables, insert values, add foreign keys, update values, drop tables, and delete tuples, with examples and clear explanations.', 'duration': 549.882, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the use of data definition commands (create, alter, drop) and data manipulation commands (insert, update, delete) to create tables, insert values, add foreign keys, update values, drop tables, and delete tuples with examples and clear explanations.', 'The insert command is used to insert values into tables, and the update command is used to update values in a table, with examples for both commands provided.', 'The alter command is used to add foreign keys for relationships between tables, with detailed examples and explanation provided.', 'The use of data manipulation commands (insert, update, delete) to create tables, insert values, add foreign keys, update values, drop tables, and delete tuples is demonstrated with examples and clear explanations.']}, {'end': 4630.514, 'start': 4341.981, 'title': 'Sequel commands overview', 'summary': 'Explains data definition commands and introduces relational algebra and set operations, including select, project, rename, union, intersect, minus, and cartesian product operations.', 'duration': 288.533, 'highlights': ['The chapter starts with an explanation of data definition commands and then provides an overview of relational algebra and relational calculus, focusing on unary relational operators - select, project, and rename operations.', 'It further explains set operations in SQL, including Union, intersect, and minus operations, and provides examples and use cases for each operation.', 'The chapter also covers the Cartesian product operation and its functionality in combining attributes from two relations, providing a clear explanation and example of the cross product result.']}], 'duration': 838.415, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_83792099.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the use of data definition and manipulation commands with clear explanations and examples.', 'The chapter provides an overview of relational algebra and relational calculus, focusing on select, project, and rename operations.', 'It explains set operations in SQL, including Union, intersect, and minus operations, with examples and use cases for each operation.', 'The chapter also covers the Cartesian product operation and its functionality in combining attributes from two relations.']}, {'end': 5893.296, 'segs': [{'end': 5070.752, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5045.275, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5051.179, 'text': 'as I mentioned before, the project operation was used when you want to find out the distinct value, or I can say,', 'start': 5045.275, 'duration': 5.904}, {'end': 5055.642, 'text': 'where you only want some columns to be included and not all the columns to be included, right?', 'start': 5051.179, 'duration': 4.463}, {'end': 5063.508, 'text': 'So what you can do is suppose you want to write a query where you want to retrieve the date of all the distinct salaries of all the employees.', 'start': 5056.043, 'duration': 7.465}, {'end': 5070.752, 'text': 'So what you could just simply do is you just have to type in select distinct and since salaries are column name,', 'start': 5063.929, 'duration': 6.823}], 'summary': 'Project operation retrieves distinct values from specific columns in a query.', 'duration': 25.477, 'max_score': 5045.275, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_85045275.jpg'}, {'end': 5552.506, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5518.051, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5521.653, 'text': 'either as a worker or a manager of the department that controls the project.', 'start': 5518.051, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 5524.554, 'text': "right?. So that's how, guys, you can use nested queries.", 'start': 5521.653, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 5528.435, 'text': "Now let's just quickly do some other nested queries so that you get a hand of it.", 'start': 5524.614, 'duration': 3.821}, {'end': 5537.919, 'text': 'Now, suppose you want to retrieve the date of all those employees who work the same project and ours combination on some project that the employee Franklin works with right?', 'start': 5528.895, 'duration': 9.024}, {'end': 5540.841, 'text': "So I repeat what I'm going to retrieve the data for.", 'start': 5538.219, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 5552.506, 'text': "so I'm going to write a query to retrieve the date of all those employees who work the same combination on some project that is basically the same number of project and ours on some project that the employee Franklin works with right?", 'start': 5540.841, 'duration': 11.665}], 'summary': 'Learn to use nested queries to retrieve employee project data.', 'duration': 34.455, 'max_score': 5518.051, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_85518051.jpg'}], 'start': 4631.488, 'title': 'Sql query operations', 'summary': 'Covers sql query operations such as project operation, cross product, asterisk usage, and nested queries, providing examples and explanations. it also includes using nested queries for extracting project details, discussing union operation and in operator, and demonstrating the use of exist and like operators for filtering results.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4876.123, 'start': 4631.488, 'title': 'Using sql select query', 'summary': 'Covers using the select query to retrieve specific data from tables, illustrating examples of retrieving employee details based on department and project details based on location in sql.', 'duration': 244.635, 'highlights': ['Executing select query to retrieve employee details based on department number, showcasing the retrieval of first name and last name for employees working in the admin department and subsequently retrieving their addresses.', "Demonstrating the use of select query to retrieve project details based on location, including project number, controlling department number, department manager's last name, address, and birth date, with a condition to match department numbers and manager's SSN, and displaying the output for projects located in Houston."]}, {'end': 5045.275, 'start': 4876.123, 'title': 'Sql rename operation and data retrieval', 'summary': "Explains how to use sql rename operation to retrieve employee data including first name, last name, and their immediate supervisors' details, resulting in the retrieval of seven rows of data.", 'duration': 169.152, 'highlights': ["Explaining the process of retrieving data using the rename operation and the use of 'as' command to rename column names. Demonstrates the process of using the 'as' command to rename column names, and explains how to retrieve specific data using the rename operation.", 'Describing the SQL query for retrieving employee data and explaining the use of the self-relationship in the entity-relationship diagram for data retrieval. Provides a detailed explanation of the SQL query for retrieving employee data and the use of self-relationship in the entity-relationship diagram.', 'Mentioning the successful retrieval of seven rows of data containing employee and supervisor details. Confirms the successful retrieval of seven rows of data containing employee and supervisor details.']}, {'end': 5328.535, 'start': 5045.275, 'title': 'Sql query operations', 'summary': 'Covers sql operations including project operation, cross product, asterisk usage, and nested queries, providing examples and explanations for each operation.', 'duration': 283.26, 'highlights': ["The chapter covers project operation to retrieve distinct values and specific columns, demonstrated with a query to retrieve distinct salaries of all employees. The example demonstrates using the project operation with the 'select distinct' command to retrieve distinct salaries of all employees from the database.", "Explanation of cross product operation using SQL commands, exemplified with a query to select all combinations of employee SSN and department DName. The explanation includes using the 'select' command to perform the cross product operation and retrieve all combinations of employee SSN and department DName from the database.", "Demonstration of using asterisk to select all attributes of an employee and the department where they work, with a condition based on department name and number. The example shows using the asterisk to select all attributes of an employee and the department where they work, based on the condition of department name being 'headquarters' and the department number.", 'Introduction and explanation of nested queries, illustrating an example of a subquery nested within a main query to fetch specific data. The explanation includes an example of a nested query where a subquery is nested within a main query to fetch specific data.']}, {'end': 5597.639, 'start': 5329.033, 'title': 'Nested queries for project details', 'summary': 'Discusses the use of nested queries to extract project numbers and employee data based on specific conditions, demonstrating the use of union operation and in operator.', 'duration': 268.606, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the process of retrieving project numbers for projects involving an employee with the last name Narayan as a worker or manager, using nested queries and union operation. The query involves selecting distinct project numbers from multiple tables, including project department, employee, and project works on, with specific conditions to match last name and SSN.', 'The chapter demonstrates the use of nested queries to retrieve employee data based on specific project and hours combinations using the in operator. The query involves using the in operator to match project numbers and hours combinations with those of a specific employee (Franklin) in the works on table.']}, {'end': 5893.296, 'start': 5597.899, 'title': 'Nested queries and operators', 'summary': 'Demonstrates the use of nested queries, including retrieving data based on specific combinations, using the exist operator, and employing the like operator to filter results, with an example of retrieving employees with addresses in houston, texas.', 'duration': 295.397, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates the use of nested queries, including retrieving data based on specific combinations. The chapter explains the use of nested queries to retrieve data based on specific combinations of project number and hours, showcasing the retrieval of employees working on the same combination as a specific employee, resulting in the retrieval of three rows.', 'Using the exist operator to retrieve data based on specific criteria. The chapter illustrates using the exist operator to find the first name and last name of managers who have at least one dependent, resulting in the retrieval of two rows and demonstrating the modification to find managers with no dependents.', "Employing the like operator to filter results based on a specific pattern. The chapter demonstrates using the like operator to retrieve employees with addresses in Houston, Texas, by applying the 'Houston Texas' pattern, resulting in the retrieval of five rows after correcting spacing issues in the query."]}], 'duration': 1261.808, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_84631488.jpg', 'highlights': ['Demonstrating the use of nested queries for extracting project details, discussing union operation and in operator, and demonstrating the use of exist and like operators for filtering results.', 'The chapter explains the use of nested queries to retrieve data based on specific combinations of project number and hours, showcasing the retrieval of employees working on the same combination as a specific employee, resulting in the retrieval of three rows.', 'The chapter demonstrates the use of nested queries, including retrieving data based on specific combinations.', 'The chapter demonstrates the use of nested queries to retrieve employee data based on specific project and hours combinations using the in operator.', 'The chapter covers project operation to retrieve distinct values and specific columns, demonstrated with a query to retrieve distinct salaries of all employees.']}, {'end': 6342.034, 'segs': [{'end': 5991.316, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5961.891, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5963.873, 'text': "All right, so now let's go to the result grid.", 'start': 5961.891, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 5965.708, 'text': 'and check out our output.', 'start': 5964.668, 'duration': 1.04}, {'end': 5967.129, 'text': 'So you can see that you know Mr..', 'start': 5965.748, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 5971.61, 'text': 'Ramesh, Ahmed, Alicia and John were born during the 1960s, right?', 'start': 5967.129, 'duration': 4.481}, {'end': 5977.232, 'text': 'So, guys, you can definitely check with your tables that you have and you can review the answer.', 'start': 5971.67, 'duration': 5.562}, {'end': 5979.833, 'text': "So that's how, you know, you can use the like operator.", 'start': 5977.632, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 5987.135, 'text': 'Now, suppose you know, if you want to find out all those employees in the department for whose salary is between 10, 000 to 40, 000,', 'start': 5980.013, 'duration': 7.122}, {'end': 5988.555, 'text': 'how would you do that?', 'start': 5987.135, 'duration': 1.42}, {'end': 5991.316, 'text': 'Well, for that you have to use the between operator.', 'start': 5988.895, 'duration': 2.421}], 'summary': 'Analyzing employee data using sql operators and reviewing output.', 'duration': 29.425, 'max_score': 5961.891, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_85961891.jpg'}, {'end': 6075.478, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6048.854, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6057.181, 'text': "So you'll see that around four tuples have been returned of four different employees who are working in department number five and are earning between a salary range of 20,", 'start': 6048.854, 'duration': 8.327}, {'end': 6057.741, 'text': '000 to 40, 000, right?', 'start': 6057.181, 'duration': 0.56}, {'end': 6059.963, 'text': "So that's how you can use the between operator.", 'start': 6057.761, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 6069.536, 'text': "Now after this query, now let's say, you know, you want to write a query to retrieve the data of all those resulting salaries.", 'start': 6063.234, 'duration': 6.302}, {'end': 6075.478, 'text': 'You know, if every employee working on product Z is, you know, is given 30% raise, right?', 'start': 6069.556, 'duration': 5.922}], 'summary': "Four employees in department 5 earn $20,000-$40,000. apply 30% raise to product z workers' salaries.", 'duration': 26.624, 'max_score': 6048.854, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_86048854.jpg'}, {'end': 6193.01, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6160.259, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6161.981, 'text': "So let's just run this particular query.", 'start': 6160.259, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 6164.683, 'text': 'You can see that, you know, two rows have been returned.', 'start': 6162.561, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 6166.464, 'text': "So let's go to the results grid.", 'start': 6165.003, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 6169.732, 'text': 'All right, so you can see the output that you know.', 'start': 6167.27, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 6177.898, 'text': 'Franklin and Ramesh have been working on the product Z and the increased salaries around 35, 000 and 49, 400 respectively, right?', 'start': 6169.732, 'duration': 8.166}, {'end': 6179.119, 'text': "So that's how you know.", 'start': 6178.258, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 6180.26, 'text': 'you can use this command.', 'start': 6179.119, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 6182.362, 'text': 'Now, let me tell you one more thing over here.', 'start': 6180.7, 'duration': 1.662}, {'end': 6187.926, 'text': 'You can also use the is operator over here so that you know you find out the data, whether it exists or not, right?', 'start': 6182.402, 'duration': 5.524}, {'end': 6193.01, 'text': "So let's say you know, we want to retrieve the name of all those employees who do not have supervisors.", 'start': 6188.246, 'duration': 4.764}], 'summary': "The query returned 2 rows, showing franklin and ramesh working on product z with increased salaries of 35,000 and 49,400, and the option to use the 'is' operator to find existing data.", 'duration': 32.751, 'max_score': 6160.259, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_86160259.jpg'}, {'end': 6272.201, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6237.428, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6241.249, 'text': 'What they mean is basically they just used to perform the mathematical operations.', 'start': 6237.428, 'duration': 3.821}, {'end': 6244.55, 'text': "Now, let's say you want to find the sum of salaries of all employees.", 'start': 6241.689, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 6248.313, 'text': 'the maximum salary the minimum salary and also the average salary.', 'start': 6244.892, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 6249.734, 'text': "It's really simple guys.", 'start': 6248.813, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 6255.175, 'text': 'You just have to type in select and then you have to use the aggregate function at a sum and mention the column name.', 'start': 6249.754, 'duration': 5.421}, {'end': 6259.577, 'text': "So that is salary and similarly you'll mention Max salary.", 'start': 6255.215, 'duration': 4.362}, {'end': 6272.201, 'text': "Min salary and also average salary, right? And then you'll mention all this has to be selected from the table's name that is employee.", 'start': 6261.277, 'duration': 10.924}], 'summary': "Using sql aggregate functions to find sum, max, min, and average salaries from the 'employee' table.", 'duration': 34.773, 'max_score': 6237.428, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_86237428.jpg'}, {'end': 6312.597, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6282.662, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 6285.423, 'text': 'so you see that you know the sum of all the employee salaries.', 'start': 6282.662, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 6286.463, 'text': 'around so much.', 'start': 6285.423, 'duration': 1.04}, {'end': 6294.217, 'text': 'the maximum salary is 55 000, the minimum salary is 25 000 and the average salary for all the employees is 33 500..', 'start': 6286.463, 'duration': 7.754}, {'end': 6301.586, 'text': 'So guys this was a really simple basic query now guys, you know, you can also count the distinct salaries values in the databases.', 'start': 6294.218, 'duration': 7.368}, {'end': 6304.108, 'text': 'So with that you use the count aggregate function.', 'start': 6301.646, 'duration': 2.462}, {'end': 6304.989, 'text': "It's really simple.", 'start': 6304.168, 'duration': 0.821}, {'end': 6312.597, 'text': 'You just type in select count, mention the columns, names that a salary and over here you mentioned the keyword that is distinct,', 'start': 6305.009, 'duration': 7.588}], 'summary': 'The employee salaries sum up to around 33,500 on average, with a maximum of 55,000 and a minimum of 25,000. the distinct salary values can be counted using the count aggregate function.', 'duration': 29.935, 'max_score': 6282.662, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_86282662.jpg'}, {'end': 6355.162, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6327.409, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 6330.173, 'text': 'So, guys, that was about the aggregate functions.', 'start': 6327.409, 'duration': 2.764}, {'end': 6334.118, 'text': 'now, moving on, you know we also have commands that I mentioned for data manipulation.', 'start': 6330.173, 'duration': 3.945}, {'end': 6336.541, 'text': 'That is the group by order, by having clauses.', 'start': 6334.158, 'duration': 2.383}, {'end': 6342.034, 'text': "So we'll start with the order by clauses and then eventually we'll go into the group by and the having clauses.", 'start': 6337.011, 'duration': 5.023}, {'end': 6347.778, 'text': "So consider a query where you want to retrieve a list of employees and the projects that they're working on,", 'start': 6342.434, 'duration': 5.344}, {'end': 6350.799, 'text': 'ordered by the department and within each department.', 'start': 6347.778, 'duration': 3.021}, {'end': 6355.162, 'text': "They're ordered alphabetically again by the last name and then the first name right?", 'start': 6351.1, 'duration': 4.062}], 'summary': 'Introduction to data manipulation commands such as order by, group by, and having clauses.', 'duration': 27.753, 'max_score': 6327.409, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_86327409.jpg'}], 'start': 5893.296, 'title': 'Using sql operators in sql', 'summary': 'Covers using the like operator to retrieve specific data, such as finding employees born in the 1960s, and demonstrates using the between operator for salary range queries and calculating increased salaries with a 30% raise. it also covers sql query operations and aggregate functions for data retrieval and manipulation.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5979.833, 'start': 5893.296, 'title': 'Using the like operator in sql', 'summary': 'Demonstrates how to use the like operator in sql to retrieve specific data based on a condition, such as finding employees born in the 1960s, resulting in the retrieval of the first and last names of employees born in the 1960s and displaying the results in the output grid.', 'duration': 86.537, 'highlights': ['Using the like operator in SQL to retrieve specific data based on a condition, such as finding employees born in the 1960s (4 occurrences)', 'Retrieving the first and last names of employees born in the 1960s using the like operator in SQL (1 occurrence)', 'Displaying the results in the output grid (1 occurrence)']}, {'end': 6180.26, 'start': 5980.013, 'title': 'Using sql operators for salary range and salary increase', 'summary': 'Demonstrates the use of sql between operator to retrieve employees within a specific salary range and a query to calculate and retrieve the increased salaries of employees working on a specific project with a 30% raise.', 'duration': 200.247, 'highlights': ['Using SQL between operator to retrieve employees within a specific salary range The query demonstrates retrieving employees with salaries between 10,000 and 40,000 and in department number 4, returning two rows initially and then four rows when the department number is changed to 5.', 'Calculating and retrieving the increased salaries of employees with a 30% raise The query calculates and retrieves the increased salaries of employees working on project Z with a 30% raise, returning the names and increased salaries of Franklin and Ramesh as 35,000 and 49,400 respectively.']}, {'end': 6342.034, 'start': 6180.7, 'title': 'Sql query operations and aggregate functions', 'summary': 'Covers sql query operations including retrieving data with the is operator, using aggregate functions to find sum, maximum, minimum, and average salary, and counting distinct salary values, and introduces commands for data manipulation such as group by, order by, and having clauses.', 'duration': 161.334, 'highlights': ["Retrieving employees without supervisors using the is operator and null value The query 'select F name, last name from employee where our super SSN is null' retrieves employees without supervisors, resulting in one row being returned.", "Using aggregate functions to find sum, maximum, minimum, and average salary The query 'select sum(salary), max(salary), min(salary), avg(salary) from employee' returns the sum of all salaries, maximum salary, minimum salary, and average salary for all employees, with specific values such as sum of salaries being returned.", "Counting distinct salary values using the count aggregate function The query 'select count(salary) distinct from employee' returns that there are six distinct salaries in the complete database.", 'Introduction to commands for data manipulation such as group by, order by, and having clauses The chapter introduces commands for data manipulation including group by, order by, and having clauses.']}], 'duration': 448.738, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_85893296.jpg', 'highlights': ['Using the like operator in SQL to retrieve specific data based on a condition, such as finding employees born in the 1960s (4 occurrences)', 'Using SQL between operator to retrieve employees within a specific salary range, demonstrating retrieving employees with salaries between 10,000 and 40,000 and in department number 4, returning two rows initially and then four rows when the department number is changed to 5', 'Calculating and retrieving the increased salaries of employees with a 30% raise, returning the names and increased salaries of Franklin and Ramesh as 35,000 and 49,400 respectively', 'Using aggregate functions to find sum, maximum, minimum, and average salary, with specific values such as sum of salaries being returned', 'Counting distinct salary values using the count aggregate function, returning that there are six distinct salaries in the complete database', 'Introduction to commands for data manipulation such as group by, order by, and having clauses']}, {'end': 7555.398, 'segs': [{'end': 6679.541, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6639.02, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 6640.121, 'text': 'So, when you run this query,', 'start': 6639.02, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 6645.704, 'text': 'you can see that six rows have been returned and all of them are grouped by the project number and the project name right?', 'start': 6640.121, 'duration': 5.583}, {'end': 6646.905, 'text': "So let's just see the output.", 'start': 6645.724, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 6655.07, 'text': 'So you get the output of project number and project name and you get how many people are working on the projects right now.', 'start': 6648.806, 'duration': 6.264}, {'end': 6657.591, 'text': "That's how guys you can play around with the group by clause.", 'start': 6655.21, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 6665.216, 'text': 'All right now coming to the having clause the having clause basically allows you to put in conditions, you know when you use the group by function.', 'start': 6658.392, 'duration': 6.824}, {'end': 6671.8, 'text': "So let's say in the query that we just wrote we want to retrieve only that data with the count is greater than 2, right?", 'start': 6665.656, 'duration': 6.144}, {'end': 6675.002, 'text': 'So for that you just type in having count.', 'start': 6672.28, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 6677.16, 'text': 'greater than 2.', 'start': 6675.72, 'duration': 1.44}, {'end': 6677.7, 'text': "I'm sorry.", 'start': 6677.16, 'duration': 0.54}, {'end': 6679.541, 'text': 'I had to mention a strict also.', 'start': 6677.78, 'duration': 1.761}], 'summary': 'Query returned 6 rows grouped by project, demonstrating group by and having clause usage.', 'duration': 40.521, 'max_score': 6639.02, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_86639020.jpg'}, {'end': 6882.377, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6847.699, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 6852.761, 'text': 'that is basically the inner joint, the left outer joint, the right outer joint and the full outer joint.', 'start': 6847.699, 'duration': 5.062}, {'end': 6859.664, 'text': 'So when you perform inner join in the table, what it returns is that it only pairs the tuples that match the joint condition.', 'start': 6853.161, 'duration': 6.503}, {'end': 6862.466, 'text': 'So that is basically the conditional join that I mentioned.', 'start': 6860.044, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 6866.648, 'text': 'So basically whatever tuples match the condition only those tuples would be retrieved.', 'start': 6862.486, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 6871.451, 'text': 'But when it comes to the left outer join, the right outer join and the full outer join.', 'start': 6867.048, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 6876.333, 'text': 'in the case of the left outer join, every tuple in the left table will be appearing in the result.', 'start': 6871.451, 'duration': 4.882}, {'end': 6882.377, 'text': 'And even if it does not have any matching tuple it will be padded with a null values for the attributes of the right table.', 'start': 6876.454, 'duration': 5.923}], 'summary': 'Explained inner, left outer, right outer, and full outer joins with their retrieval criteria.', 'duration': 34.678, 'max_score': 6847.699, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_86847699.jpg'}, {'end': 6942.649, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6918.386, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 6924.391, 'text': "So now let's say you know we want to retrieve the name and address of every employee who works for the research department.", 'start': 6918.386, 'duration': 6.005}, {'end': 6926.332, 'text': "It's really simple to write you.", 'start': 6924.891, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 6937.721, 'text': "just type in select and let's say first name, middle name, last name, address from employee join department.", 'start': 6926.332, 'duration': 11.389}, {'end': 6942.649, 'text': "I'm joining the department because you know our department number has to match between both of these,", 'start': 6938.246, 'duration': 4.403}], 'summary': 'Retrieve name and address of employees in research department.', 'duration': 24.263, 'max_score': 6918.386, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_86918386.jpg'}, {'end': 7037.094, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7002.746, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 7006.689, 'text': "So let's say we want to retrieve only those employees who have a supervisor, right?", 'start': 7002.746, 'duration': 3.943}, {'end': 7011.032, 'text': "So it's clear that our super assistant, whose value will be null, will not be included.", 'start': 7006.729, 'duration': 4.303}, {'end': 7015.967, 'text': "So for that you just have to write a query like select, Let's say,", 'start': 7011.392, 'duration': 4.575}, {'end': 7030.472, 'text': 'E dot first name as employee name and S dot L name as supervisor name from employee table.', 'start': 7015.967, 'duration': 14.505}, {'end': 7037.094, 'text': "right?. So we'll type in employee as E left outer join.", 'start': 7030.472, 'duration': 6.622}], 'summary': 'Query retrieves employees with supervisors, using left outer join', 'duration': 34.348, 'max_score': 7002.746, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_87002746.jpg'}, {'end': 7156.021, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7118.765, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 7122.487, 'text': 'So before I start creating views, let me just make you go through the syntax.', 'start': 7118.765, 'duration': 3.722}, {'end': 7125.128, 'text': 'So suppose, if you have to create a view, right?', 'start': 7123.107, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 7127.449, 'text': 'So what you have to do is to create a view.', 'start': 7125.388, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 7133.772, 'text': 'you just have to use the query create view, mention the view name and then as, and then use the keyword as select.', 'start': 7127.449, 'duration': 6.323}, {'end': 7137.173, 'text': 'mention the columns names that you want to include in your view from the table.', 'start': 7133.772, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 7140.955, 'text': 'So you have to mention the tables name and then you can also mention a condition, right?', 'start': 7137.333, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 7145.637, 'text': 'So, to update a view, you again have to type in, create or replace view view name.', 'start': 7141.235, 'duration': 4.402}, {'end': 7155.221, 'text': 'You have to mention the view name and then you select basically write the same query as that of creating view and then you update your view right and again to obviously drop a view.', 'start': 7145.657, 'duration': 9.564}, {'end': 7156.021, 'text': "It's really simple.", 'start': 7155.281, 'duration': 0.74}], 'summary': 'Creating, updating, and dropping views using sql syntax explained.', 'duration': 37.256, 'max_score': 7118.765, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_87118765.jpg'}, {'end': 7281.02, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7255.388, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7263.64, 'text': 'So basically you can just understand that a trigger can be invoked either before or after the data is changed by insert update or delete statements.', 'start': 7255.388, 'duration': 8.252}, {'end': 7270.448, 'text': 'So the various kinds of you know triggers that you can invoke at the before insert, the after insert, the before update, after update,', 'start': 7264.261, 'duration': 6.187}, {'end': 7272.09, 'text': 'the before delete and after delete.', 'start': 7270.448, 'duration': 1.642}, {'end': 7276.915, 'text': 'So the before insert is basically activated before the data is inserted into the table.', 'start': 7272.45, 'duration': 4.465}, {'end': 7281.02, 'text': 'The after insert is activated after the data is inserted into the table.', 'start': 7277.276, 'duration': 3.744}], 'summary': 'Triggers can be invoked before/after insert, update, and delete operations.', 'duration': 25.632, 'max_score': 7255.388, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_87255388.jpg'}, {'end': 7470.321, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7439.396, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 7443.039, 'text': 'this command can be used to undo the transaction since the last commit.', 'start': 7439.396, 'duration': 3.643}, {'end': 7445.141, 'text': 'all the rollback command that was issued.', 'start': 7443.039, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 7452.948, 'text': 'the save point, creates points within the groups of the transactions in which to roll back and coming to the last one, that is the release save point.', 'start': 7445.141, 'duration': 7.807}, {'end': 7456.211, 'text': 'This command is used to remove a save point that you have created.', 'start': 7453.228, 'duration': 2.983}, {'end': 7459.774, 'text': 'So all these commands are basically used to control the transactions.', 'start': 7456.511, 'duration': 3.263}, {'end': 7463.937, 'text': 'All right guys now moving on to the next topic that is basically timestamps.', 'start': 7460.454, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 7470.321, 'text': 'So timestamps are basically a function which return a date time value based on the given date or date time values.', 'start': 7464.457, 'duration': 5.864}], 'summary': 'Commands like rollback and save point control transactions. timestamps return date time values.', 'duration': 30.925, 'max_score': 7439.396, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_87439396.jpg'}], 'start': 6342.434, 'title': 'Sql fundamentals and implementation', 'summary': 'Encompasses using sql clauses for data retrieval and understanding joins in sql, including the concept of joins, their implementation in mysql, and creating and managing views. it also covers triggers, transactions, and timestamps, providing comprehensive knowledge for sql implementation. for example, the use of group by and having clause for data retrieval, types of joins, and 12 rows returned from multiple table queries in mysql.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6697.024, 'start': 6342.434, 'title': 'Using sql clauses for data retrieval', 'summary': 'Explains using sql clauses for data retrieval, such as ordering by department and employee names, using group by to retrieve department information, and applying the having clause to filter data based on conditions.', 'duration': 354.59, 'highlights': ["Using order by clause to retrieve employee and project information ordered by department and employee names The query retrieves a list of employees and the projects they're working on, ordered by department and alphabetically by last name and first name, returning 14 rows.", 'Demonstrating the use of order by clause to order employees by salary in ascending order The query selects all entries from the employee table and orders them by salary in ascending order, returning 8 rows.', 'Explaining the group by clause to retrieve department information including the number of employees and their average salaries The group by clause is used to retrieve the department number, the number of employees working in the department, and the average salaries of employees working in each department, resulting in the grouping of data for three departments with their respective employee counts and average salaries.', 'Demonstrating the use of group by clause to retrieve project information including the number of employees working on each project The query retrieves the project number, project name, and the count of employees working on each project, grouping the data by project number and project name, returning 6 rows.', 'Explaining the having clause to filter data based on conditions applied after using the group by function The having clause is used to filter data with the count greater than 2, resulting in the retrieval of data grouped by the project number and project name, returning 2 tuples.']}, {'end': 6901.077, 'start': 6697.024, 'title': 'Understanding joins in sql', 'summary': 'Covers the concept of joins in sql, explaining natural join, conditional join, and other types of joins, and their functionalities, with examples and use cases.', 'duration': 204.053, 'highlights': ['The default type of join in a join table is the inner join, where the tuple is included in the result only if the matching tuple exists in the other relation.', 'Natural join results in a set of all combinations of tuples with equal common attributes from the joined tables, without specifying any condition.', 'Conditional join involves specifying a condition for joining two tables based on the specified condition, retrieving attributes of A followed by each attribute of B that satisfies the condition.', 'Types of joins discussed include inner join, left outer join, right outer join, and full outer join, each with specific functionalities such as pairing matching tuples, padding with null values, and including tuples from both tables.']}, {'end': 7080.671, 'start': 6901.497, 'title': 'Understanding sql joins and implementing in mysql', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of sql joins and demonstrates their implementation in mysql, including retrieving data from multiple tables using inner and left outer joins, resulting in 12 rows being returned.', 'duration': 179.174, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the concept of SQL joins and demonstrates their implementation in MySQL, including retrieving data from multiple tables using inner and left outer joins, resulting in 12 rows being returned.', 'An example of using an inner join to retrieve the name and address of employees working in the research department is provided, resulting in the retrieval of the middle name, last name, and address of employees John Franklin, Joyce, and Ramesh.', 'An example of using a left outer join to retrieve employee names and supervisor names is demonstrated, resulting in 12 rows being returned, including null values for employees without supervisors.']}, {'end': 7221.248, 'start': 7081.857, 'title': 'Creating and managing views in mysql', 'summary': 'Illustrates the process of creating and managing views in mysql, emphasizing the syntax for creating, updating, and dropping views, and providing an example of creating a view on the works on table to display specific columns with a condition.', 'duration': 139.391, 'highlights': ['The process of creating and managing views in MySQL The chapter explains the steps for creating and managing views in MySQL, providing a comprehensive understanding of the concept.', "Syntax for creating, updating, and dropping views It outlines the syntax for creating views using 'create view' and 'create or replace view', updating views, and dropping views using 'drop view', offering a clear guide for managing views.", "Example of creating a view on the works on table The example demonstrates creating a view named 'works' by selecting specific columns like first name, last name, project name, and number of Rs, and applying a condition using 'where' and matching SSNs and project numbers, providing a practical application of creating views in MySQL."]}, {'end': 7555.398, 'start': 7221.328, 'title': 'Sql views, triggers, transactions, and timestamps', 'summary': 'Covers creating and dropping views, defining triggers for insert, update, and delete operations, controlling transactions using set transaction, commit, rollback, save point, and release save point commands, and using the timestamp function to retrieve date and time values.', 'duration': 334.07, 'highlights': ['Using triggers to define actions for insert, update, and delete operations Triggers can be invoked either before or after the data is changed by insert, update, or delete statements, with options for before insert, after insert, before update, after update, before delete, and after delete.', 'Controlling transactions with set transaction, commit, rollback, save point, and release save point commands Transactions group tasks into a single execution unit and can have two results: success or failure. The commands set transaction, commit, rollback, save point, and release save point are used to control transactions.', 'Using the timestamp function to retrieve date and time values The timestamp function returns a date time value based on the given date or date time values, and can also add two arguments to return a date and time value.', 'Creating and dropping views in SQL Views can be created and dropped using the commands create view and drop view, providing a way to store and execute SQL statements related to a table.']}], 'duration': 1212.964, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/WmGgxTpGs_8/pics/WmGgxTpGs_86342434.jpg', 'highlights': ['Using triggers to define actions for insert, update, and delete operations Triggers can be invoked either before or after the data is changed by insert, update, or delete statements, with options for before insert, after insert, before update, after update, before delete, and after delete.', 'Controlling transactions with set transaction, commit, rollback, save point, and release save point commands Transactions group tasks into a single execution unit and can have two results: success or failure. The commands set transaction, commit, rollback, save point, and release save point are used to control transactions.', "Syntax for creating, updating, and dropping views It outlines the syntax for creating views using 'create view' and 'create or replace view', updating views, and dropping views using 'drop view', offering a clear guide for managing views.", 'The process of creating and managing views in MySQL The chapter explains the steps for creating and managing views in MySQL, providing a comprehensive understanding of the concept.', 'An example of using a left outer join to retrieve employee names and supervisor names is demonstrated, resulting in 12 rows being returned, including null values for employees without supervisors.', 'An example of using an inner join to retrieve the name and address of employees working in the research department is provided, resulting in the retrieval of the middle name, last name, and address of employees John Franklin, Joyce, and Ramesh.', 'The chapter explains the concept of SQL joins and demonstrates their implementation in MySQL, including retrieving data from multiple tables using inner and left outer joins, resulting in 12 rows being returned.', 'Types of joins discussed include inner join, left outer join, right outer join, and full outer join, each with specific functionalities such as pairing matching tuples, padding with null values, and including tuples from both tables.', 'Explaining the having clause to filter data based on conditions applied after using the group by function The having clause is used to filter data with the count greater than 2, resulting in the retrieval of data grouped by the project number and project name, returning 2 tuples.', 'Demonstrating the use of group by clause to retrieve project information including the number of employees working on each project The query retrieves the project number, project name, and the count of employees working on each project, grouping the data by project number and project name, returning 6 rows.']}], 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces the levels of normal forms up to 6NF, emphasizing the need to progress to higher normal forms until tables are organized to minimize redundancy and data dependency.', 'The chapter covers the process of normalizing a database into first, second, and third normal forms, highlighting the objectives and steps involved in achieving each normal form.', 'The concept of transitive functional dependencies is explained, highlighting its relevance to achieving the third normal form and the need to eliminate such dependencies.', 'The chapter explains the types of attributes in an ER diagram, including composite, simple, single, multivalued, stored, derived, and complex attributes.', 'The chapter delves into the types of keys in a relational database, including candidate key, super key, primary key, alternate key, and foreign key.', 'The chapter covers the use of data definition and manipulation commands with clear explanations and examples.', 'The chapter provides an overview of relational algebra and relational calculus, focusing on select, project, and rename operations.', 'It explains set operations in SQL, including Union, intersect, and minus operations, with examples and use cases for each operation.', 'The chapter also covers the Cartesian product operation and its functionality in combining attributes from two relations.', 'Using the like operator in SQL to retrieve specific data based on a condition, such as finding employees born in the 1960s (4 occurrences)', 'Using SQL between operator to retrieve employees within a specific salary range, demonstrating retrieving employees with salaries between 10,000 and 40,000 and in department number 4, returning two rows initially and then four rows when the department number is changed to 5', 'Calculating and retrieving the increased salaries of employees with a 30% raise, returning the names and increased salaries of Franklin and Ramesh as 35,000 and 49,400 respectively', 'Using aggregate functions to find sum, maximum, minimum, and average salary, with specific values such as sum of salaries being returned', 'Counting distinct salary values using the count aggregate function, returning that there are six distinct salaries in the complete database', 'Introduction to commands for data manipulation such as group by, order by, and having clauses', 'Using triggers to define actions for insert, update, and delete operations Triggers can be invoked either before or after the data is changed by insert, update, or delete statements, with options for before insert, after insert, before update, after update, before delete, and after delete.', 'Controlling transactions with set transaction, commit, rollback, save point, and release save point commands Transactions group tasks into a single execution unit and can have two results: success or failure. The commands set transaction, commit, rollback, save point, and release save point are used to control transactions.', "Syntax for creating, updating, and dropping views It outlines the syntax for creating views using 'create view' and 'create or replace view', updating views, and dropping views using 'drop view', offering a clear guide for managing views.", 'The process of creating and managing views in MySQL The chapter explains the steps for creating and managing views in MySQL, providing a comprehensive understanding of the concept.', 'An example of using a left outer join to retrieve employee names and supervisor names is demonstrated, resulting in 12 rows being returned, including null values for employees without supervisors.', 'An example of using an inner join to retrieve the name and address of employees working in the research department is provided, resulting in the retrieval of the middle name, last name, and address of employees John Franklin, Joyce, and Ramesh.', 'The chapter explains the concept of SQL joins and demonstrates their implementation in MySQL, including retrieving data from multiple tables using inner and left outer joins, resulting in 12 rows being returned.', 'Types of joins discussed include inner join, left outer join, right outer join, and full outer join, each with specific functionalities such as pairing matching tuples, padding with null values, and including tuples from both tables.', 'Explaining the having clause to filter data based on conditions applied after using the group by function The having clause is used to filter data with the count greater than 2, resulting in the retrieval of data grouped by the project number and project name, returning 2 tuples.', 'Demonstrating the use of group by clause to retrieve project information including the number of employees working on each project The query retrieves the project number, project name, and the count of employees working on each project, grouping the data by project number and project name, returning 6 rows.']}