title
Assembly Language Tutorial

description
Code & Transcript Here : http://goo.gl/j0tgfS ❇️ LIVESTREAMS : https://www.twitch.tv/derekbanas ❇️ DISCORD : https://discord.gg/2dkDmpVvgD ( Contact Me Anytime ) MY UDEMY COURSES ARE 87.5% OFF TIL December 19th ($9.99) ONE IS FREE ➡️ Python Data Science Series for $9.99 : Highest Rated & Largest Python Udemy Course + 56 Hrs + 200 Videos + Data Science https://bit.ly/Master_Python_41 ➡️ C++ Programming Bootcamp Series for $9.99 : Over 23 Hrs + 53 Videos + Quizzes + Graded Assignments + New Videos Every Month https://bit.ly/C_Course_41 ➡️ FREE 15 hour Golang Course!!! : https://bit.ly/go-tutorial3 Subscribe to Me: http://bit.ly/2FWQZTx Logical Operators, Looping, Conditionals : http://goo.gl/adUwyw Functions & Stacks : http://goo.gl/bmPsYT Like the channel? Consider becoming a Patreon! Check it out here: ►► https://www.patreon.com/derekbanas We'll learn about Vim, Make, Adding, Subtracting and converting Decimals, Binaries and Hexadecimal numbers. As per Assembly Language we'll learn about Registers, the Current Program Status Register, Receiving Input, Outputting Data to the Monitor, .global, MOV, SWI, ADD, SUB, MUL, MLA, Syscall, LDR, .text, .data, CMP, Branching and a whole lot more. *Watch More Learn in One Videos* ►► Java - https://youtu.be/n-xAqcBCws4 ►► C++ - https://youtu.be/Rub-JsjMhWY ►► Python - https://youtu.be/N4mEzFDjqtA ►► MySQL - https://youtu.be/yPu6qV5byu4 ►► PHP - https://youtu.be/7TF00hJI78Y ►► Kotlin - https://youtu.be/H_oGi8uuDpA ►► C# - https://youtu.be/lisiwUZJXqQ ►► JavaScript - https://youtu.be/fju9ii8YsGs

detail
{'title': 'Assembly Language Tutorial', 'heatmap': [{'end': 842.152, 'start': 803.499, 'weight': 0.721}, {'end': 1456.682, 'start': 1333.753, 'weight': 0.809}], 'summary': 'Tutorial series on assembly language for raspberry pi covers topics such as registers, bits, bytes, words, nibbles, binary and hexadecimal numbers, binary operations, assembly language basics, and control, aiming to make assembly language easily accessible and practical on a low-cost computer.', 'chapters': [{'end': 116.168, 'segs': [{'end': 58.802, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.137, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3.14, 'text': 'Well, hello, Internet, and welcome to my assembly language tutorial.', 'start': 0.137, 'duration': 3.003}, {'end': 7.804, 'text': "In this tutorial, we're going to start exploring assembly language in the world of Raspberry Pi.", 'start': 3.2, 'duration': 4.604}, {'end': 13.85, 'text': "Now, there is a lot to learn about assembly language, and I don't want to overwhelm you, so this is going to be a multi-part tutorial.", 'start': 7.904, 'duration': 5.946}, {'end': 21.637, 'text': "However, I'm going to explain registers, vim make bits, bytes, words, nibbles, adding and subtracting, converting binaries,", 'start': 14.01, 'duration': 7.627}, {'end': 24.64, 'text': 'hexadecimals and numerous different instructions.', 'start': 21.637, 'duration': 3.003}, {'end': 38.178, 'text': 'And the best way to watch this tutorial is to get the code and the transcript that is linked in the description underneath the video and then pause your way through the video as you work your way through the examples and take notes in your own language.', 'start': 25.04, 'duration': 13.138}, {'end': 40.422, 'text': "So I have a lot to do, so let's get into it.", 'start': 38.499, 'duration': 1.923}, {'end': 49.02, 'text': 'Okay so here is our Raspberry Pi and basically assembly language is one step above the binary that runs your hardware or this hardware.', 'start': 41.178, 'duration': 7.842}, {'end': 56.501, 'text': "And the assembler is going to convert your code into binary and we'll be programming the ARM microprocessor in this tutorial,", 'start': 49.28, 'duration': 7.221}, {'end': 58.802, 'text': "because that's what is in the Raspberry Pi.", 'start': 56.501, 'duration': 2.301}], 'summary': 'Multi-part tutorial on assembly language for raspberry pi, covering registers, bits, bytes, words, nibbles, adding, subtracting, and converting binaries and hexadecimals.', 'duration': 58.665, 'max_score': 0.137, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V8137.jpg'}, {'end': 119.49, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 96.07, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 104.799, 'text': 'And another great reason why learning assembly on an ARM chip is a good idea is because the R in ARM stands for Reduced Instruction, Set Computing,', 'start': 96.07, 'duration': 8.729}, {'end': 107.461, 'text': 'and that means that there is a limited number of instructions.', 'start': 104.799, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 111.245, 'text': 'So I thought it would be great to work with a low-cost computer like this, and..', 'start': 107.581, 'duration': 3.664}, {'end': 116.168, 'text': 'i thought this would be the cheapest and easiest way to dive into the world of assembler.', 'start': 111.565, 'duration': 4.603}, {'end': 119.49, 'text': "so now i'm going to jump over and show you how to set up all of our tools.", 'start': 116.168, 'duration': 3.322}], 'summary': 'Learning assembly on arm chip offers limited instructions, making it a cost-effective way to dive into assembler.', 'duration': 23.42, 'max_score': 96.07, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V896070.jpg'}], 'start': 0.137, 'title': 'Raspberry pi assembly tutorial', 'summary': 'Introduces an assembly language tutorial for raspberry pi, covering topics such as registers, bits, bytes, words, nibbles, adding and subtracting, converting binaries and hexadecimals, and programming the arm microprocessor, aiming to make assembly language easily accessible by leveraging a low-cost computer.', 'chapters': [{'end': 116.168, 'start': 0.137, 'title': 'Raspberry pi assembly tutorial', 'summary': 'Introduces an assembly language tutorial for raspberry pi, covering topics such as registers, bits, bytes, words, nibbles, adding and subtracting, converting binaries and hexadecimals, and programming the arm microprocessor, aiming to make assembly language easily accessible by leveraging a low-cost computer.', 'duration': 116.031, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers topics including registers, bits, bytes, words, nibbles, adding and subtracting, converting binaries, hexadecimals, and various instructions for programming the ARM microprocessor on Raspberry Pi.', 'Assembly language tutorial is designed to be a multi-part series to prevent overwhelming learners with a lot of information at once.', "The tutorial recommends accessing the code and transcript linked in the video description to pause and follow along with examples, emphasizing the importance of taking notes in one's own language.", 'Explains that assembly language is one step above binary and the assembler converts code into binary for programming the ARM microprocessor in Raspberry Pi, expressing that learning assembly on a low-cost computer like Raspberry Pi makes it easier to use assembly in general.', 'Highlights the advantage of working with ARM chips due to the reduced instruction set computing (RISC) and limited number of instructions, making it an accessible entry point into the world of assembler.']}], 'duration': 116.031, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V8137.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter covers topics including registers, bits, bytes, words, nibbles, adding and subtracting, converting binaries, hexadecimals, and various instructions for programming the ARM microprocessor on Raspberry Pi.', 'Explains that assembly language is one step above binary and the assembler converts code into binary for programming the ARM microprocessor in Raspberry Pi, expressing that learning assembly on a low-cost computer like Raspberry Pi makes it easier to use assembly in general.', 'Highlights the advantage of working with ARM chips due to the reduced instruction set computing (RISC) and limited number of instructions, making it an accessible entry point into the world of assembler.', "The tutorial recommends accessing the code and transcript linked in the video description to pause and follow along with examples, emphasizing the importance of taking notes in one's own language.", 'Assembly language tutorial is designed to be a multi-part series to prevent overwhelming learners with a lot of information at once.']}, {'end': 890.031, 'segs': [{'end': 154.223, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 116.168, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 119.49, 'text': "so now i'm going to jump over and show you how to set up all of our tools.", 'start': 116.168, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 126.494, 'text': 'now. i personally am using microsoft remote desktop to go and remotely log into my raspberry pi,', 'start': 119.49, 'duration': 7.004}, {'end': 129.916, 'text': 'and you can of course do this on windows or mac or whatever,', 'start': 126.494, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 135.039, 'text': 'and of course you could just go into the raspberry pi and do everything here just exactly the same way.', 'start': 129.916, 'duration': 5.123}, {'end': 140.48, 'text': "Now, the very first thing I'm going to do and this is just the terminal in a Raspberry Pi what I'm going to do is install vim.", 'start': 135.259, 'duration': 5.221}, {'end': 145.881, 'text': "And to do so, you're going to type in sudo apt-get install vim.", 'start': 140.78, 'duration': 5.101}, {'end': 153.123, 'text': "And this is going to be the text editor that we're going to be using to run and create all of our Raspberry Pi applications.", 'start': 146.181, 'duration': 6.942}, {'end': 154.223, 'text': 'And of course, hit enter there.', 'start': 153.143, 'duration': 1.08}], 'summary': 'Setting up tools for raspberry pi using microsoft remote desktop and installing vim for creating applications.', 'duration': 38.055, 'max_score': 116.168, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V8116168.jpg'}, {'end': 235.762, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 201.329, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 207.252, 'text': "in case you have that, and now that we have vim installed, what I'm going to do is jump in here and start writing some code with it.", 'start': 201.329, 'duration': 5.923}, {'end': 216.075, 'text': "now, if I want to create my file that I want to work with in vim, I'm just going to type in vim and asm tut and follow that with an s,", 'start': 207.252, 'duration': 8.823}, {'end': 217.556, 'text': 'and here we are inside of vim.', 'start': 216.075, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 221.797, 'text': "Now this might seem really hard to work with, but it isn't after you get used to it.", 'start': 217.876, 'duration': 3.921}, {'end': 226.079, 'text': "So basically, there's different modes you're going to use and different commands you're going to memorize.", 'start': 222.117, 'duration': 3.962}, {'end': 230.12, 'text': "Now, if you want to start typing inside of here, you're going to turn into Insert mode.", 'start': 226.359, 'duration': 3.761}, {'end': 232.541, 'text': 'And to do that, all you have to do is hit the letter I.', 'start': 230.32, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 235.762, 'text': 'See Insert pops up there in the bottom left-hand corner of the screen.', 'start': 232.541, 'duration': 3.221}], 'summary': 'Learning to code with vim, including different modes and commands.', 'duration': 34.433, 'max_score': 201.329, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V8201329.jpg'}, {'end': 647.003, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 620.71, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 628.713, 'text': "so that's just a way to compile multiple different source files into one executable application, but to save ourselves a whole ton of time.", 'start': 620.71, 'duration': 8.003}, {'end': 639.637, 'text': "what I'm going to do here and you type clear in to clear off your scroll back is I'm going to create a make file and to do that we're going to go vim and we're going to call it make file go into insert mode by hitting i.", 'start': 628.713, 'duration': 10.924}, {'end': 647.003, 'text': "And what we're going to do here is the makefile is basically just going to make it very easy for us to compile our application.", 'start': 640.097, 'duration': 6.906}], 'summary': 'Creating a make file to compile multiple source files into one executable, saving time.', 'duration': 26.293, 'max_score': 620.71, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V8620710.jpg'}, {'end': 828.456, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 803.499, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 812.504, 'text': "Now, the ARM CPU is a 32-bit CPU, and it's also important to know that 4 bytes or 32 bits are going to be called words,", 'start': 803.499, 'duration': 9.005}, {'end': 816.346, 'text': 'because we are going to be referring to words a lot as this tutorial continues.', 'start': 812.504, 'duration': 3.842}, {'end': 824.251, 'text': "Now the CPU as you saw previously is going to contain 16 registers and they're going to be able to hold a word of data each.", 'start': 816.687, 'duration': 7.564}, {'end': 828.456, 'text': 'And registers 0 through 12 are always going to be available to you.', 'start': 824.671, 'duration': 3.785}], 'summary': 'Arm cpu is a 32-bit cpu with 16 registers, each holding a word of data.', 'duration': 24.957, 'max_score': 803.499, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V8803499.jpg'}, {'end': 842.152, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 803.499, 'weight': 0.721, 'content': [{'end': 812.504, 'text': "Now, the ARM CPU is a 32-bit CPU, and it's also important to know that 4 bytes or 32 bits are going to be called words,", 'start': 803.499, 'duration': 9.005}, {'end': 816.346, 'text': 'because we are going to be referring to words a lot as this tutorial continues.', 'start': 812.504, 'duration': 3.842}, {'end': 824.251, 'text': "Now the CPU as you saw previously is going to contain 16 registers and they're going to be able to hold a word of data each.", 'start': 816.687, 'duration': 7.564}, {'end': 828.456, 'text': 'And registers 0 through 12 are always going to be available to you.', 'start': 824.671, 'duration': 3.785}, {'end': 834.223, 'text': 'However, some of these registers are going to do very special things when they have very special values inside of them.', 'start': 828.556, 'duration': 5.667}, {'end': 842.152, 'text': "Register 13, however, is a pointer to the active stack, which we're going to get into more here as the tutorial continues.", 'start': 834.503, 'duration': 7.649}], 'summary': 'The arm cpu is a 32-bit cpu with 16 registers, and register 13 is a pointer to the active stack.', 'duration': 38.653, 'max_score': 803.499, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V8803499.jpg'}], 'start': 116.168, 'title': 'Setting up tools and using vim for assembly language', 'summary': 'Explains setting up tools for raspberry pi including remotely logging in and installing vim. it also covers using vim for writing assembly language code, including file manipulation, navigation, and compiling, with an overview of arm cpu concepts.', 'chapters': [{'end': 154.223, 'start': 116.168, 'title': 'Setting up tools for raspberry pi', 'summary': "Explains how to remotely log into a raspberry pi and install the text editor vim using the command 'sudo apt-get install vim'.", 'duration': 38.055, 'highlights': ["Installing Vim as the text editor for Raspberry Pi applications by using the command 'sudo apt-get install vim'.", 'Demonstrating the use of Microsoft Remote Desktop to remotely log into a Raspberry Pi.', 'The flexibility of being able to perform the setup on Windows or Mac platforms.']}, {'end': 890.031, 'start': 154.543, 'title': 'Using vim for writing assembly language code', 'summary': 'Covers using vim for writing assembly language code, including creating and editing files, navigating vim modes, and compiling multiple source files into an executable application, with a brief overview of registers, bits, bytes, words, and nibbles in arm cpu.', 'duration': 735.488, 'highlights': ['Creating and editing files in Vim The tutorial demonstrates creating and editing files in Vim, including navigating between directories, handling errors, and using different modes and commands for writing and navigating within the editor.', 'Navigating Vim modes and commands The tutorial explains the different modes and commands used in Vim, such as Insert mode, Command mode, and specific commands like saving, quitting, and discarding changes, along with navigation shortcuts and line numbering.', 'Compiling multiple source files into an executable application The tutorial illustrates compiling multiple source files into one executable application using Makefile and demonstrates the process of creating, compiling, executing, and cleaning up the files.', 'Overview of registers, bits, bytes, words, and nibbles in ARM CPU The tutorial provides a brief overview of registers, bits, bytes, words, and nibbles in ARM CPU, highlighting the structure of the ARM CPU, the function and availability of different registers, and the significance of bits, bytes, and words.']}], 'duration': 773.863, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V8116168.jpg', 'highlights': ['Demonstrating the use of Microsoft Remote Desktop to remotely log into a Raspberry Pi.', "Installing Vim as the text editor for Raspberry Pi applications by using the command 'sudo apt-get install vim'.", 'The flexibility of being able to perform the setup on Windows or Mac platforms.', 'Creating and editing files in Vim, including navigating between directories, handling errors, and using different modes and commands for writing and navigating within the editor.', 'Compiling multiple source files into an executable application using Makefile and demonstrating the process of creating, compiling, executing, and cleaning up the files.', 'Overview of registers, bits, bytes, words, and nibbles in ARM CPU, highlighting the structure of the ARM CPU, the function and availability of different registers, and the significance of bits, bytes, and words.', 'Navigating Vim modes and commands, such as Insert mode, Command mode, specific commands like saving, quitting, and discarding changes, along with navigation shortcuts and line numbering.']}, {'end': 1032.784, 'segs': [{'end': 1032.784, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 983.032, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 983.833, 'text': 'Move that down there.', 'start': 983.032, 'duration': 0.801}, {'end': 987.175, 'text': "Since you're able to perform that subtraction, you're going to put a value of 1 there.", 'start': 984.193, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 991.498, 'text': "Likewise, with the 62 that's left over, you're going to subtract 32 from it.", 'start': 987.495, 'duration': 4.003}, {'end': 994.94, 'text': 'You can do that, put a 1 there, and so forth and so on.', 'start': 991.758, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 999.163, 'text': "And as you can see, it's pretty easy to convert from decimal to binary numbers.", 'start': 995.32, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 1005.508, 'text': 'Hexadecimal numbers, which are base 16 numbers, are going to work in a similar sort of fashion.', 'start': 999.443, 'duration': 6.065}, {'end': 1013.814, 'text': "And the reason why we're using hexadecimal numbers at all with assembler is because it's going to be easy to represent binary numbers as hex numbers.", 'start': 1005.768, 'duration': 8.046}, {'end': 1021.94, 'text': 'And hex numbers are going to contain values from 0 the whole way up to f, and f representing the decimal number of 15.', 'start': 1014.134, 'duration': 7.806}, {'end': 1022.68, 'text': 'But just so you know,', 'start': 1021.94, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 1029.163, 'text': 'you can pretty easily go in and program a lot of things with Assembler without knowing anything about binary or hexadecimal numbers.', 'start': 1022.68, 'duration': 6.483}, {'end': 1032.784, 'text': "However, they are quite convenient, as you'll see as the tutorial continues.", 'start': 1029.242, 'duration': 3.542}], 'summary': 'Easy conversion from decimal to binary; hexadecimal numbers in assembler for simplicity and convenience.', 'duration': 49.752, 'max_score': 983.032, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V8983032.jpg'}], 'start': 890.171, 'title': 'Binary and hexadecimal numbers in assembler', 'summary': 'Explains the significance of binary and hexadecimal numbers in assembler language, and their ease of conversion from decimal to binary numbers.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1032.784, 'start': 890.171, 'title': 'Binary and hexadecimal numbers in assembler', 'summary': 'Explains the usage of binary and hexadecimal numbers in assembler language, including their significance in representing values and the ease of conversion from decimal to binary numbers.', 'duration': 142.613, 'highlights': ['Decimal numbers can be easily converted to binary numbers by subtracting the power of 2 from the given number and placing a value of 1 or 0 based on the result. The process of converting decimal numbers to binary numbers is explained, showcasing the ease of conversion and the method involving subtraction of powers of 2.', 'Hexadecimal numbers are used in assembler to conveniently represent binary numbers, with each hexadecimal digit ranging from 0 to f, equivalent to decimal numbers from 0 to 15. The significance of using hexadecimal numbers in assembler for representing binary numbers is highlighted, emphasizing the convenience and the range of values represented by each hexadecimal digit.', 'Understanding binary and hexadecimal numbers is beneficial for programming in assembler, although not essential, as they provide convenience and efficiency in representing values. The tutorial emphasizes the convenience and efficiency of binary and hexadecimal numbers in assembler programming, stating that although not essential, they offer benefits in representing values.']}], 'duration': 142.613, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V8890171.jpg', 'highlights': ['Decimal numbers can be easily converted to binary numbers by subtracting the power of 2 from the given number and placing a value of 1 or 0 based on the result.', 'Hexadecimal numbers are used in assembler to conveniently represent binary numbers, with each hexadecimal digit ranging from 0 to f, equivalent to decimal numbers from 0 to 15.', 'Understanding binary and hexadecimal numbers is beneficial for programming in assembler, although not essential, as they provide convenience and efficiency in representing values.']}, {'end': 1301.817, 'segs': [{'end': 1069.697, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1033.044, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1044.428, 'text': "But the main reason why hexadecimal numbers are used to represent binary numbers is you're going to be able to easily represent four bits of a binary number with just one hexadecimal number.", 'start': 1033.044, 'duration': 11.384}, {'end': 1051.076, 'text': "As you can see right here, we're going to be able to represent these four bits with the 15 or the F in hexadecimal.", 'start': 1044.688, 'duration': 6.388}, {'end': 1057.563, 'text': 'And this is just going to be 1, 2, 4, and 8, which of course, whenever you add all those together, gets you the value of 15.', 'start': 1051.336, 'duration': 6.227}, {'end': 1062.85, 'text': "Now, if you'd like to convert hexadecimals to decimal numbers, so for example, you have a value of 2A7.", 'start': 1057.563, 'duration': 5.287}, {'end': 1069.697, 'text': "What you're going to do is you're going to take the 2, multiply that times 16 to the power of 2 to get 512.", 'start': 1064.031, 'duration': 5.666}], 'summary': 'Hexadecimal numbers represent four bits of a binary number with just one digit, making it easier to convert and calculate.', 'duration': 36.653, 'max_score': 1033.044, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V81033044.jpg'}, {'end': 1114.374, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1085.474, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1091.099, 'text': "Likewise, you're going to be able to convert to decimal to hex numbers through the use of division.", 'start': 1085.474, 'duration': 5.625}, {'end': 1096.804, 'text': "Once again, you're going to start at the largest value you're going to have in hexadecimal numbers.", 'start': 1091.359, 'duration': 5.445}, {'end': 1100.127, 'text': 'Divide that by the value you want to convert into hexadecimal.', 'start': 1096.864, 'duration': 3.263}, {'end': 1101.648, 'text': "you're going to get a value of 2 here.", 'start': 1100.327, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 1103.409, 'text': "you're going to throw out that remainder.", 'start': 1101.648, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 1114.374, 'text': "you're then going to subtract 512, which is 256 times 2, and subtract that and then get a final value of 167, then move the 167 down once again,", 'start': 1103.409, 'duration': 10.965}], 'summary': 'Convert decimal to hex by division, resulting in 167 as final value', 'duration': 28.9, 'max_score': 1085.474, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V81085474.jpg'}, {'end': 1153.313, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1127.056, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1130.878, 'text': "It's also a good idea to be able to figure out how we can add binary numbers.", 'start': 1127.056, 'duration': 3.822}, {'end': 1133.64, 'text': "So let's say we have 5 and 3.", 'start': 1130.998, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 1137.603, 'text': "Basically, what we're going to do here is 0 plus 0 in binary is going to equal 0.", 'start': 1133.64, 'duration': 3.963}, {'end': 1140.544, 'text': '1 plus 0 is going to equal 1, no matter how you do it.', 'start': 1137.603, 'duration': 2.941}, {'end': 1143.126, 'text': 'And 1 plus 1 is going to be equal to 0.', 'start': 1140.825, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 1144.747, 'text': "And then you're going to have to carry the 1.", 'start': 1143.126, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 1147.029, 'text': "So what we're going to do here is have the values of 5 and 3.", 'start': 1144.747, 'duration': 2.282}, {'end': 1150.031, 'text': "What are we going to do here? We're going to add 1 plus 1.", 'start': 1147.029, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 1153.313, 'text': "That's going to give us a value of 0, which we're going to carry the 1.", 'start': 1150.031, 'duration': 3.282}], 'summary': 'Adding binary numbers: 5 and 3 result in 1000 with a carry.', 'duration': 26.257, 'max_score': 1127.056, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V81127056.jpg'}, {'end': 1272.333, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1212.688, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1216.072, 'text': 'So for example, we come here and we try to subtract 1 from 0.', 'start': 1212.688, 'duration': 3.384}, {'end': 1216.753, 'text': "We can't do it.", 'start': 1216.072, 'duration': 0.681}, {'end': 1219.996, 'text': "So what we're going to do is borrow the value from the 1 that is next to it.", 'start': 1216.773, 'duration': 3.223}, {'end': 1223.619, 'text': 'So this becomes the value of 2 inside a binary.', 'start': 1220.777, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 1226.601, 'text': 'Now we can go in here and perform this subtraction.', 'start': 1223.879, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 1228.162, 'text': "However, we're going to get a value of 1.", 'start': 1226.821, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 1229.343, 'text': 'Remember, this is 2 now.', 'start': 1228.162, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 1232.045, 'text': 'So 2 minus 1 is going to give us a value of 1.', 'start': 1229.563, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 1237.349, 'text': 'And likewise, we can work this all out to find that 6 minus 5 is equal to 1 in binary.', 'start': 1232.045, 'duration': 5.304}, {'end': 1241.692, 'text': 'And you can see here a much more complicated example of how we can subtract binaries.', 'start': 1237.629, 'duration': 4.063}, {'end': 1246.315, 'text': 'Once again, go in here, pause your screen, work this out on paper, and it should make a lot of sense.', 'start': 1241.772, 'duration': 4.543}, {'end': 1253.019, 'text': "However, another thing we can do is, if we want to subtract binary numbers, is use something called the two's complement.", 'start': 1246.595, 'duration': 6.424}, {'end': 1260.364, 'text': "Basically, to convert a number to its negative form, what we're going to do instead is flip each bit and then add one to it.", 'start': 1253.219, 'duration': 7.145}, {'end': 1266.809, 'text': 'So if in a situation with a 7, which is going to start off as 00111.', 'start': 1260.684, 'duration': 6.125}, {'end': 1272.333, 'text': "We're instead going to convert all the zeros into ones, as you can see we did right here, and then we're going to add 1 to it.", 'start': 1266.809, 'duration': 5.524}], 'summary': "Explains binary subtraction and two's complement method, demonstrating 6-5=1 in binary.", 'duration': 59.645, 'max_score': 1212.688, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V81212688.jpg'}], 'start': 1033.044, 'title': 'Binary operations', 'summary': "Delves into hexadecimal number conversion, binary number addition, and binary subtraction with two's complement. it provides examples and emphasizes the importance of understanding binary operations for completeness.", 'chapters': [{'end': 1124.199, 'start': 1033.044, 'title': 'Hexadecimal number conversion', 'summary': 'Explains the use of hexadecimal numbers to represent binary numbers and demonstrates the process of converting between hexadecimal and decimal numbers, providing examples and quantifiable data.', 'duration': 91.155, 'highlights': ['The main reason for using hexadecimal numbers is to easily represent four bits of a binary number with just one hexadecimal number, simplifying the representation process.', 'Demonstrating the conversion from hexadecimal to decimal numbers, taking the example of 2A7, and showing the step-by-step multiplication and addition process to obtain the decimal value.', 'Explaining the process of converting decimal to hexadecimal numbers using division, with the example of converting the decimal number 679 into the hexadecimal number 2A7 through step-by-step division and remainder calculations.']}, {'end': 1190.424, 'start': 1127.056, 'title': 'Binary number addition', 'summary': 'Discusses the addition of binary numbers, exemplifying the process with the addition of 5 and 3, resulting in the final value of 8, emphasizing the importance of understanding binary operations for completeness.', 'duration': 63.368, 'highlights': ['Adding binary numbers exemplified with the addition of 5 and 3, resulting in the final value of 8, emphasizing the importance of understanding binary operations for completeness.', 'The process of adding binary numbers is illustrated with the specific example of adding 5 and 3, showcasing the step-by-step addition and the final result of 8.', 'Emphasizing the importance of understanding binary operations for completeness, the chapter discusses the addition of binary numbers and its relevance in comprehending binary and hexadecimal numbers.']}, {'end': 1301.817, 'start': 1190.444, 'title': "Binary subtraction and two's complement", 'summary': "Explains binary subtraction by borrowing and two's complement, with examples demonstrating how to perform the operations and convert binary numbers to their negative forms, making it easier to add binary numbers.", 'duration': 111.373, 'highlights': ['Binary subtraction by borrowing Explains the process of borrowing 1 from the left to make a 0 into a value of 10 in binary, and demonstrates the subtraction of binary numbers using this method.', "Two's complement for converting binary to negative form Describes the process of flipping each bit and adding one to convert a binary number to its negative form, making it easier to add binary numbers instead of subtracting them.", 'Example of subtracting binary numbers Provides an example of subtracting binary numbers, demonstrating the process and showing the result of 6 minus 5 in binary.']}], 'duration': 268.773, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V81033044.jpg', 'highlights': ['The process of converting decimal to hexadecimal numbers using division, with the example of converting the decimal number 679 into the hexadecimal number 2A7 through step-by-step division and remainder calculations.', 'Demonstrating the conversion from hexadecimal to decimal numbers, taking the example of 2A7, and showing the step-by-step multiplication and addition process to obtain the decimal value.', 'The main reason for using hexadecimal numbers is to easily represent four bits of a binary number with just one hexadecimal number, simplifying the representation process.', 'Emphasizing the importance of understanding binary operations for completeness, the chapter discusses the addition of binary numbers and its relevance in comprehending binary and hexadecimal numbers.', 'Adding binary numbers exemplified with the addition of 5 and 3, resulting in the final value of 8, emphasizing the importance of understanding binary operations for completeness.', 'Binary subtraction by borrowing Explains the process of borrowing 1 from the left to make a 0 into a value of 10 in binary, and demonstrates the subtraction of binary numbers using this method.', "Two's complement for converting binary to negative form Describes the process of flipping each bit and adding one to convert a binary number to its negative form, making it easier to add binary numbers instead of subtracting them.", 'Example of subtracting binary numbers Provides an example of subtracting binary numbers, demonstrating the process and showing the result of 6 minus 5 in binary.']}, {'end': 1879.186, 'segs': [{'end': 1456.682, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1302.057, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1310.999, 'text': "Okay, so there's a rundown of how we can use binaries and hexadecimals and how they interrelate with decimal values or base 10 values that you might be very used to.", 'start': 1302.057, 'duration': 8.942}, {'end': 1316.62, 'text': "So now I'm going to jump back into the assembly language and for the rest of the tutorial, we're just going to write a lot of code.", 'start': 1311.179, 'duration': 5.441}, {'end': 1323.724, 'text': "okay, here we are back in the world of raspberry pi, and what we're going to do here is create a hello world application.", 'start': 1317.278, 'duration': 6.446}, {'end': 1327.387, 'text': "so i'm going to go vim assembly.s.", 'start': 1323.724, 'duration': 3.663}, {'end': 1333.753, 'text': "like i said, we can get rid of this guy right here, so let's just go and get rid of it, and everything else here is going to be roughly the same.", 'start': 1327.387, 'duration': 6.366}, {'end': 1337.216, 'text': 'but what i want to do here now is output to the screen.', 'start': 1333.753, 'duration': 3.463}, {'end': 1341.74, 'text': "now, if you want to output to the screen, you're going to have to set registers in a certain way.", 'start': 1337.216, 'duration': 4.524}, {'end': 1350.745, 'text': "First, what I'm going to do is set my R7 to the system call of 4, and this system call is saying that we want to write information to the screen.", 'start': 1342, 'duration': 8.745}, {'end': 1356.489, 'text': "Then I'm going to come down here and in the R0 I'm going to set this to the value of 1,", 'start': 1350.965, 'duration': 5.524}, {'end': 1360.571, 'text': 'and this is saying that the output stream that we want to use is the monitor.', 'start': 1356.489, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 1362.433, 'text': 'Then create another one.', 'start': 1360.891, 'duration': 1.542}, {'end': 1363.815, 'text': "It doesn't matter where you put these.", 'start': 1362.633, 'duration': 1.182}, {'end': 1369.461, 'text': 'Go and create another register or assign a value to a register in R2 here.', 'start': 1364.115, 'duration': 5.346}, {'end': 1375.328, 'text': "What I'm going to do is define the length of the string that I want to put out on the screen.", 'start': 1369.501, 'duration': 5.827}, {'end': 1377.01, 'text': "So I'm going to need 12 characters there.", 'start': 1375.388, 'duration': 1.622}, {'end': 1383.632, 'text': "And then I'm going to have to come in and load a message that I want to be displayed into register 1.", 'start': 1377.31, 'duration': 6.322}, {'end': 1388.633, 'text': "And here I'm going to just refer to a string that's going to have the value of message.", 'start': 1383.632, 'duration': 5.001}, {'end': 1390.814, 'text': "And then we'll exit out of that guy.", 'start': 1388.913, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 1394.475, 'text': "And then we're going to define the end with this label here.", 'start': 1390.834, 'duration': 3.641}, {'end': 1397.596, 'text': 'And this is going to say that we want to jump to the terminal.', 'start': 1394.875, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 1401.25, 'text': 'So I can go R7 again, number sign 1, and exit.', 'start': 1397.756, 'duration': 3.494}, {'end': 1404.35, 'text': 'And then here is where we will define our data.', 'start': 1401.47, 'duration': 2.88}, {'end': 1410.732, 'text': 'If we put the data part up here above the instructions in those situations, we would have to put .txt inside of it.', 'start': 1404.65, 'duration': 6.082}, {'end': 1414.813, 'text': "We're just defining that everything that follows this is going to be our data.", 'start': 1410.992, 'duration': 3.821}, {'end': 1418.393, 'text': "Then I'm going to define some data, and it's going to have the label of message.", 'start': 1415.093, 'duration': 3.3}, {'end': 1424.475, 'text': "I'm going to go ASCII, and hello world is going to be the value inside of that data.", 'start': 1418.413, 'duration': 6.062}, {'end': 1425.895, 'text': 'Then we can escape out of that.', 'start': 1424.695, 'duration': 1.2}, {'end': 1433.264, 'text': 'WQ, call our make file, and then we can just call for our application to run, and you can see the hello world printed out there.', 'start': 1426.517, 'duration': 6.747}, {'end': 1434.685, 'text': "So, basically what you're doing?", 'start': 1433.464, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 1443.153, 'text': "it's almost like you're hitting switches and that is allowing you to say hey, I would like to write to the screen, or, in the next situation,", 'start': 1434.685, 'duration': 8.468}, {'end': 1446.996, 'text': "we're going to allow you to input information from the keyboard.", 'start': 1443.153, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 1448.757, 'text': "So let's just go back into Vim again.", 'start': 1447.016, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 1454.561, 'text': "Now if we want to allow to get keyboard input, we're going to have R7 system call.", 'start': 1448.958, 'duration': 5.603}, {'end': 1456.682, 'text': "That's going to be changed from 4 to 3.", 'start': 1454.761, 'duration': 1.921}], 'summary': 'Tutorial on using assembly language to create a hello world application and interact with i/o in raspberry pi.', 'duration': 35.159, 'max_score': 1302.057, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V81302057.jpg'}, {'end': 1584.897, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1556.778, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1558.96, 'text': 'and then output five characters.', 'start': 1556.778, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 1564.283, 'text': "I'm just going to type in my name hit enter and you can see that it went and not only accepted that input,", 'start': 1559.32, 'duration': 4.963}, {'end': 1567.325, 'text': 'but it also printed that input out on the screen.', 'start': 1564.283, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 1569.667, 'text': "So we're baby stepping our way through here.", 'start': 1567.545, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 1574.59, 'text': "Now we're going to take a look at some other different instructions in regards to how we can add values.", 'start': 1570.007, 'duration': 4.583}, {'end': 1576.792, 'text': "So let's go and open up Vim once again.", 'start': 1574.99, 'duration': 1.802}, {'end': 1584.897, 'text': "Now basically the different instructions that you're going to be using, let's come in and Just type some stuff inside here.", 'start': 1577.112, 'duration': 7.785}], 'summary': 'Introduction to using vim for input and output, baby stepping through different instructions.', 'duration': 28.119, 'max_score': 1556.778, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V81556778.jpg'}, {'end': 1823.062, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1793.314, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1794.935, 'text': 'Everything else stays exactly the same.', 'start': 1793.314, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 1795.756, 'text': 'Jump out of there.', 'start': 1795.116, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 1797.217, 'text': 'Make Execute.', 'start': 1796.076, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 1799.139, 'text': 'And you can see we got a value of 200.', 'start': 1797.478, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 1803.002, 'text': "Another thing that we can do is, let's open up Vim again.", 'start': 1799.139, 'duration': 3.863}, {'end': 1805.845, 'text': 'We can use something called multiply with accumulate.', 'start': 1803.222, 'duration': 2.623}, {'end': 1813.912, 'text': "And basically what that's going to do is multiply the first two register values and then add that to the last register value.", 'start': 1806.025, 'duration': 7.887}, {'end': 1815.853, 'text': 'Probably easier to just come in here and do this.', 'start': 1814.152, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 1816.854, 'text': "So let's just leave this.", 'start': 1815.913, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 1818.736, 'text': 'B14 Leave this be 10.', 'start': 1817.154, 'duration': 1.582}, {'end': 1823.062, 'text': "Let's come in here and create or store another value in a register.", 'start': 1818.736, 'duration': 4.326}], 'summary': 'Using multiply with accumulate to get a value of 200 and storing another value in a register.', 'duration': 29.748, 'max_score': 1793.314, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V81793314.jpg'}], 'start': 1302.057, 'title': 'Assembly language basics', 'summary': 'Covers the basics of assembly language, including creating a hello world application, setting up system calls, and demonstrating keyboard input and arithmetic operations, with examples and explanations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1434.685, 'start': 1302.057, 'title': 'Intro to assembly language and hello world application', 'summary': 'Introduces the use of binaries and hexadecimals and their relation to decimal values, followed by a detailed demonstration of creating a hello world application in assembly language on a raspberry pi, including setting up system calls and outputting a message to the screen.', 'duration': 132.628, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the use of binaries and hexadecimals and their relation to decimal values, providing a foundational understanding of these concepts.', 'A detailed demonstration is given on creating a hello world application in assembly language on a Raspberry Pi, including setting up system calls and outputting a message to the screen.', 'Instructions are provided on setting registers and system calls for writing information to the screen, including setting R7 to the system call of 4 and setting R0 to the value of 1 for the output stream.', 'The process of defining the length of the string to be displayed on the screen is explained, with an example of defining a 12-character message.', 'Instructions on loading a message to be displayed into a register and defining the end label for jumping to the terminal are given, along with defining the data and label for the message.', "The chapter concludes with the demonstration of running the hello world application and observing the 'hello world' message printed on the screen."]}, {'end': 1879.186, 'start': 1434.685, 'title': 'Learning assembly language basics', 'summary': 'Covers how to read keyboard input, write to the screen, add, subtract, and multiply values in assembly language, with examples and explanations, demonstrating the use of system calls and different instructions.', 'duration': 444.501, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers how to read keyboard input and write to the screen using system calls, demonstrating the input of 10 characters and the output of 5 characters. Demonstrates the process of reading 10 characters from the keyboard and outputting 5 characters to the screen.', 'Explains the process of adding, subtracting, and multiplying values in Assembly language with examples and explanations. Provides examples and explanations for adding, subtracting, and multiplying values using different instructions and operands.', "Demonstrates the use of the 'multiply with accumulate' instruction to multiply and accumulate register values, showing the output of the operation. Illustrates the use of 'multiply with accumulate' to multiply and accumulate register values, resulting in the output value."]}], 'duration': 577.129, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V81302057.jpg', 'highlights': ['A detailed demonstration is given on creating a hello world application in assembly language on a Raspberry Pi, including setting up system calls and outputting a message to the screen.', 'The chapter covers how to read keyboard input and write to the screen using system calls, demonstrating the input of 10 characters and the output of 5 characters.', 'Explains the process of adding, subtracting, and multiplying values in Assembly language with examples and explanations.', 'The chapter discusses the use of binaries and hexadecimals and their relation to decimal values, providing a foundational understanding of these concepts.', "Demonstrates the use of the 'multiply with accumulate' instruction to multiply and accumulate register values, showing the output of the operation."]}, {'end': 2303.368, 'segs': [{'end': 1949.287, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1918.693, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1921.875, 'text': 'because each instruction is going to be allocated four bytes.', 'start': 1918.693, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 1929.121, 'text': 'We can, however, change how much the program counter increments and execute instructions out of order,', 'start': 1922.255, 'duration': 6.866}, {'end': 1932.426, 'text': 'and this amazing little tool is what is known as branching.', 'start': 1929.121, 'duration': 3.305}, {'end': 1937.011, 'text': "so we're going to come in here and let's just go and create or delete a whole bunch of these different things.", 'start': 1932.426, 'duration': 4.585}, {'end': 1945.022, 'text': "so let's just go in and let's change this to register zero, and we can store 14 inside of there once again if we'd like, or the decimal number of 20,", 'start': 1937.011, 'duration': 8.011}, {'end': 1949.287, 'text': "and in this situation we're going to come in here and we are going to branch,", 'start': 1945.022, 'duration': 4.265}], 'summary': 'Instructions are allocated 4 bytes. program counter can increment, execute instructions out of order. branching allows changing and deleting instructions.', 'duration': 30.594, 'max_score': 1918.693, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V81918693.jpg'}, {'end': 2037.363, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1995.437, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2002.782, 'text': "And if that indeed is true, whenever we execute this, it's going to output the value of 20 instead of outputting the value of 11.", 'start': 1995.437, 'duration': 7.345}, {'end': 2005.124, 'text': "So let's come in here and let's see if it's right.", 'start': 2002.782, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 2006.645, 'text': 'Make and execute.', 'start': 2005.444, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 2008.166, 'text': 'And you can see the 20 shows up.', 'start': 2006.785, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 2014.53, 'text': 'So basically branching just allows us to skip around inside of our application, which is extremely useful.', 'start': 2008.366, 'duration': 6.164}, {'end': 2024.44, 'text': "Now. previously I mentioned the current program status register and what's going to be useful with it is it's going to store information about the program,", 'start': 2015.117, 'duration': 9.323}, {'end': 2025.98, 'text': 'such as operation results.', 'start': 2024.44, 'duration': 1.54}, {'end': 2031.421, 'text': "And like I said before it's going to set a bit to the value of 1 if conditions occurred.", 'start': 2026.34, 'duration': 5.081}, {'end': 2037.363, 'text': 'So we have here our negative flag, our zero flag, our carry flag, and our overflow flag.', 'start': 2031.681, 'duration': 5.682}], 'summary': 'Executing the program outputs 20 instead of 11, showing the usefulness of branching and the purpose of the program status register.', 'duration': 41.926, 'max_score': 1995.437, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V81995437.jpg'}, {'end': 2104.786, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2078.014, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2086.018, 'text': "And basically how we're going to check if those different flags are going to be set or not is through the use of the compare instruction.", 'start': 2078.014, 'duration': 8.004}, {'end': 2088.619, 'text': 'And the compare instruction just is CMP.', 'start': 2086.378, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 2097.783, 'text': "And so, for example, let's say we want to compare the value that is set for register 1 versus the value that is set for register 2.", 'start': 2089.139, 'duration': 8.644}, {'end': 2104.786, 'text': 'Values are basically going to be compared by subtracting R2 from R1, or the values that are stored in those registers.', 'start': 2097.783, 'duration': 7.003}], 'summary': 'Using the cmp instruction to compare values in registers for flag settings.', 'duration': 26.772, 'max_score': 2078.014, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V82078014.jpg'}], 'start': 1879.186, 'title': 'Assembly language control', 'summary': 'Explains branching and program control in assembly language, showcasing conditional execution and demonstrating the use of the compare instruction and branching, resulting in the output of 2.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2014.53, 'start': 1879.186, 'title': 'Branching and program control', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of branching and program control in assembly language, demonstrating how to execute different instructions based on conditions and manipulate the program counter, showcasing an example where branching allows skipping a line of code and outputting a different value.', 'duration': 135.344, 'highlights': ['Branching allows executing different instructions based on conditions, enhancing program control.', 'The program counter is incremented by four bytes after each instruction execution in assembly language.', 'An example demonstrates how branching allows skipping a line of code and outputting a different value, showcasing the practical application of program control.']}, {'end': 2303.368, 'start': 2015.117, 'title': 'Conditional logic in assembly language', 'summary': 'Discusses the current program status register which stores information about program operation results and sets flags like negative, zero, carry, and overflow, helping in conditional execution using the compare instruction and branching, as demonstrated through an example with values 5 and 10, resulting in the output of 2.', 'duration': 288.251, 'highlights': ['The current program status register stores information about program operation results, setting flags like negative, zero, carry, and overflow, which are used for conditional execution using the compare instruction and branching.', 'The compare instruction (CMP) is used to compare values in registers, enabling conditional execution based on the result, such as enabling the negative flag if the result of subtraction is negative, or the zero flag if the values are equal.', 'An example with values 5 and 10 demonstrates conditional execution using branching, resulting in the output of 2 based on the comparison of the two values.']}], 'duration': 424.182, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/ViNnfoE56V8/pics/ViNnfoE56V81879186.jpg', 'highlights': ['Branching allows executing different instructions based on conditions, enhancing program control.', 'The compare instruction (CMP) is used to compare values in registers, enabling conditional execution based on the result.', 'An example with values 5 and 10 demonstrates conditional execution using branching, resulting in the output of 2 based on the comparison of the two values.', 'The program counter is incremented by four bytes after each instruction execution in assembly language.', 'The current program status register stores information about program operation results, setting flags like negative, zero, carry, and overflow, which are used for conditional execution using the compare instruction and branching.', 'An example demonstrates how branching allows skipping a line of code and outputting a different value, showcasing the practical application of program control.']}], 'highlights': ["The tutorial recommends accessing the code and transcript linked in the video description to pause and follow along with examples, emphasizing the importance of taking notes in one's own language.", 'The chapter covers topics including registers, bits, bytes, words, nibbles, adding and subtracting, converting binaries, hexadecimals, and various instructions for programming the ARM microprocessor on Raspberry Pi.', 'Explains that assembly language is one step above binary and the assembler converts code into binary for programming the ARM microprocessor in Raspberry Pi, expressing that learning assembly on a low-cost computer like Raspberry Pi makes it easier to use assembly in general.', 'The chapter discusses the use of binaries and hexadecimals and their relation to decimal values, providing a foundational understanding of these concepts.', 'The process of converting decimal to hexadecimal numbers using division, with the example of converting the decimal number 679 into the hexadecimal number 2A7 through step-by-step division and remainder calculations.', 'A detailed demonstration is given on creating a hello world application in assembly language on a Raspberry Pi, including setting up system calls and outputting a message to the screen.', 'Branching allows executing different instructions based on conditions, enhancing program control.', 'The compare instruction (CMP) is used to compare values in registers, enabling conditional execution based on the result.', 'The program counter is incremented by four bytes after each instruction execution in assembly language.']}