title
Grant Sanderson: Math, Manim, Neural Networks & Teaching with 3Blue1Brown | Lex Fridman Podcast #118

description
Grant Sanderson is the creator of 3Blue1Brown. Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors: - Dollar Shave Club: https://dollarshaveclub.com/lex - DoorDash: download app & use code LEX - Cash App: download app & use code "LexPodcast" EPISODE LINKS: 3Blue1Brown: http://youtube.com/3blue1brown Grant's Twitter: https://twitter.com/3blue1brown PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 5:13 - Richard Feynman 9:41 - Learning deeply vs broadly 13:56 - Telling a story with visualizations 18:43 - Topology 23:52 - Intuition about exponential growth 32:28 - Elon Musk's exponential view of the world 40:09 - SpaceX and space exploration 45:28 - Origins of the Internet 49:50 - Does teaching on YouTube get lonely? 54:31 - Daily routine 1:00:20 - Social media 1:10:38 - Online education in a time of COVID 1:27:03 - Joe Rogan moving to Spotify 1:32:09 - Neural networks 1:38:30 - GPT-3 1:46:52 - Manim 1:51:01 - Python 1:56:21 - Theory of everything 2:03:53 - Meaning of life CONNECT: - Subscribe to this YouTube channel - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Grant Sanderson: Math, Manim, Neural Networks & Teaching with 3Blue1Brown | Lex Fridman Podcast #118', 'heatmap': [{'end': 3391.753, 'start': 3313.612, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': "Grant sanderson's impact on math education and sponsorship importance is discussed, along with insights on richard feynman, topology, and game theory. the exponential growth in innovation, challenges of colonizing mars, and the addictive nature of social media are covered. additionally, advice on online class quality enhancement, gpt-3's potential in generating mathematical animations, and python development and leadership insights in science are explored.", 'chapters': [{'end': 307.468, 'segs': [{'end': 26.675, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.069, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4.55, 'text': 'The following is a conversation with Grant Sanderson, his second time on the podcast.', 'start': 0.069, 'duration': 4.481}, {'end': 9.411, 'text': "He's known to millions of people as the mind behind 3Blue1Brown,", 'start': 5.03, 'duration': 4.381}, {'end': 14.933, 'text': 'a YouTube channel where he educates and inspires the world with the beauty and power of mathematics.', 'start': 9.411, 'duration': 5.522}, {'end': 19.694, 'text': 'Quick summary of the sponsors, Dollar Shave Club, DoorDash, and Cash App.', 'start': 15.833, 'duration': 3.861}, {'end': 26.675, 'text': 'Click the sponsor links in the description to get a discount and to support this podcast, especially for the two new sponsors,', 'start': 20.034, 'duration': 6.641}], 'summary': 'Grant sanderson, creator of 3blue1brown, discusses math education. sponsors: dollar shave club, doordash, cash app.', 'duration': 26.606, 'max_score': 0.069, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU69.jpg'}, {'end': 117.774, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 78.501, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 84.984, 'text': 'one brown and create the canonical explainer videos on a topic that they know more than almost anyone else in the world.', 'start': 78.501, 'duration': 6.483}, {'end': 91.868, 'text': 'Amidst the political division, the economic pain, the psychological, medical toll of the virus.', 'start': 85.945, 'duration': 5.923}, {'end': 97.451, 'text': 'masterfully crafted educational content feels like one of the beacons of hope that we can hold on to.', 'start': 91.868, 'duration': 5.583}, {'end': 104.566, 'text': 'If you enjoy this thing, subscribe on YouTube, review it with five stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify,', 'start': 98.763, 'duration': 5.803}, {'end': 108.449, 'text': 'support on Patreon or connect with me on Twitter at Lex Friedman.', 'start': 104.566, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 116.813, 'text': 'Of course, after you go immediately which you already probably have done a long time ago and subscribe to 3Blue1Brown YouTube channel,', 'start': 108.589, 'duration': 8.224}, {'end': 117.774, 'text': 'you will not regret it.', 'start': 116.813, 'duration': 0.961}], 'summary': '3blue1brown creates educational content on various topics, offering hope amidst global challenges.', 'duration': 39.273, 'max_score': 78.501, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU78501.jpg'}, {'end': 170.098, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 138.444, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 140.865, 'text': 'in order to determine if they want to support us for the long term.', 'start': 138.444, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 142.045, 'text': 'So you know what to do.', 'start': 141.285, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 145.646, 'text': "It's the best way to support this podcast as always.", 'start': 143.385, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 148.442, 'text': 'This show is sponsored by Dollar Shave Club.', 'start': 146.581, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 154.647, 'text': 'Try them out with a one-time offer for only $5 and free shipping at dollarshaveclub.com.', 'start': 148.843, 'duration': 5.804}, {'end': 162.552, 'text': 'The starter kit comes with a six-blade razor, refills, and all kinds of other stuff that makes shaving feel great.', 'start': 154.887, 'duration': 7.665}, {'end': 170.098, 'text': "I've been a member of Dollar Shave Club for over five years now and actually signed up when I first heard about them on the Joe Rogan podcast.", 'start': 163.253, 'duration': 6.845}], 'summary': 'Podcast sponsored by dollar shave club, offering a $5 starter kit with free shipping.', 'duration': 31.654, 'max_score': 138.444, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU138444.jpg'}, {'end': 243.343, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 201.36, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 203.801, 'text': 'This show is also sponsored by DoorDash.', 'start': 201.36, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 212.343, 'text': 'Get five bucks off and zero delivery fees on your first order of $15 or more when you download the DoorDash app and enter code Lex.', 'start': 204.341, 'duration': 8.002}, {'end': 221.366, 'text': 'I have so many memories of working late nights for a deadline with a team of engineers and eventually taking a break to argue about which DoorDash restaurant to order from.', 'start': 213.223, 'duration': 8.143}, {'end': 231.398, 'text': 'And when the food came, those moments of bonding, of exchanging ideas, of pausing to shift attention from the programs to the humans were special.', 'start': 221.986, 'duration': 9.412}, {'end': 235.897, 'text': "These days, for a bit of time, I'm on my own, sadly.", 'start': 233.035, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 237.659, 'text': 'So I miss that camaraderie.', 'start': 236.358, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 240.021, 'text': 'But actually, DoorDash is still there for me.', 'start': 238.259, 'duration': 1.762}, {'end': 243.343, 'text': "There's a million options that fit into my keto diet ways.", 'start': 240.501, 'duration': 2.842}], 'summary': 'Doordash offers $5 off and zero delivery fees on first order of $15 or more. it provides a million options fitting into keto diet ways.', 'duration': 41.983, 'max_score': 201.36, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU201360.jpg'}, {'end': 307.468, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 264.591, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 270.974, 'text': 'Cash App lets you send money to friends, buy Bitcoin, and invest in the stock market with as little as $1.', 'start': 264.591, 'duration': 6.383}, {'end': 274.156, 'text': "It's one of the best design interfaces of an app that I've ever used.", 'start': 270.974, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 277.637, 'text': 'To me, good design is when everything is easy and natural.', 'start': 274.716, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 284.121, 'text': "Bad design is when the app gets in the way, either because it's buggy or because it tries too hard to be helpful.", 'start': 278.138, 'duration': 5.983}, {'end': 285.921, 'text': "I'm looking at you, Clippy.", 'start': 284.881, 'duration': 1.04}, {'end': 292.123, 'text': "Anyway, there's a big part of my brain and heart that love to design things and also to appreciate great design by others.", 'start': 286.421, 'duration': 5.702}, {'end': 298.245, 'text': 'So again, if you get Cash App from the App Store, Google Play, and use code LEXPODCAST, you get $10.', 'start': 292.723, 'duration': 5.522}, {'end': 307.468, 'text': 'And Cash App will also donate $10 to FIRST, an organization that is helping to advance robotics and STEM education for young people around the world.', 'start': 298.245, 'duration': 9.223}], 'summary': 'Cash app allows sending money, buying bitcoin, and investing with $1. great design interface. use code lexpodcast for $10 and donate $10 to first organization.', 'duration': 42.877, 'max_score': 264.591, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU264591.jpg'}], 'start': 0.069, 'title': 'Sponsorship impact', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of grant sanderson on math education, emphasizes podcast sponsorship importance, and highlights the benefits of doordash and cash app sponsorships, including special offers and features.', 'chapters': [{'end': 97.451, 'start': 0.069, 'title': 'Grant sanderson: inspiring math education', 'summary': "Discusses grant sanderson's role in inspiring math education, highlighting the impact of his 3blue1brown channel, and the potential for educators to create canonical explainer videos amidst the challenges of the pandemic.", 'duration': 97.382, 'highlights': ['Grant Sanderson is known for 3Blue1Brown, a YouTube channel that educates and inspires millions with the beauty and power of mathematics, influencing educators and curious minds worldwide.', 'The podcast emphasizes the challenge for educators to rethink teaching methods and the nature of education amidst the pandemic, highlighting the potential for more experts to create canonical explainer videos on their respective topics.', 'Masterfully crafted educational content is seen as a beacon of hope amidst the political division, economic pain, and medical toll of the virus.']}, {'end': 200.289, 'start': 98.763, 'title': 'Podcast sponsorship and dollar shave club', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of supporting the podcast through actions like subscribing, reviewing, and supporting sponsors like dollar shave club, offering a one-time offer for $5 and free shipping, including a six-blade razor and shave butter, as part of their ultimate shave starter set.', 'duration': 101.526, 'highlights': ['The importance of supporting the podcast through actions like subscribing, reviewing, and supporting sponsors like Dollar Shave Club.', 'Dollar Shave Club offers a one-time offer for only $5 and free shipping for their Ultimate Shave Starter Set, which includes a six-blade razor, refills, and shave butter.', "The chapter emphasizes the significance of audience engagement and support, including subscribing on YouTube, reviewing with five stars, and following on Spotify, to sustain the podcast's success."]}, {'end': 307.468, 'start': 201.36, 'title': 'Doordash and cash app sponsorships', 'summary': 'Discusses the sponsorships by doordash and cash app, emphasizing the benefits of using doordash for keto diet options and supporting restaurants, and the features of cash app including sending money, buying bitcoin, and investing in the stock market with a minimal amount, as well as the offer of $10 for using the code lexpodcast and the donation to first organization.', 'duration': 106.108, 'highlights': ["DoorDash offers $5 off and zero delivery fees on the first order of $15 or more when using the code Lex, providing numerous options that fit into the speaker's keto diet ways and supporting restaurants in challenging times. DoorDash offers $5 off and zero delivery fees on the first order of $15 or more, catering to keto diet preferences and supporting restaurants during challenging times.", 'The speaker mentions the special moments of bonding and exchanging ideas with a team of engineers while ordering from DoorDash, highlighting the camaraderie experienced during such times. The speaker emphasizes the special moments of bonding and exchanging ideas with a team of engineers while ordering from DoorDash, highlighting the camaraderie experienced during such times.', 'Cash App is described as the number one finance app in the app store, allowing users to send money to friends, buy Bitcoin, and invest in the stock market with as little as $1, with an emphasis on its user-friendly design. Cash App is described as the number one finance app in the app store, allowing users to send money, buy Bitcoin, and invest in the stock market with as little as $1, with an emphasis on its user-friendly design.', 'Cash App provides an offer of $10 for using the code LEXPODCAST and donates $10 to the FIRST organization, which is advancing robotics and STEM education for young people globally. Cash App provides an offer of $10 for using the code LEXPODCAST and donates $10 to the FIRST organization, which is advancing robotics and STEM education for young people globally.']}], 'duration': 307.399, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU69.jpg', 'highlights': ["Grant Sanderson's 3Blue1Brown YouTube channel educates and inspires millions with the beauty and power of mathematics, influencing educators and curious minds worldwide.", 'The podcast emphasizes the challenge for educators to rethink teaching methods and the nature of education amidst the pandemic, highlighting the potential for more experts to create canonical explainer videos on their respective topics.', 'Masterfully crafted educational content is seen as a beacon of hope amidst the political division, economic pain, and medical toll of the virus.', 'Dollar Shave Club offers a one-time offer for only $5 and free shipping for their Ultimate Shave Starter Set, which includes a six-blade razor, refills, and shave butter.', "The chapter emphasizes the significance of audience engagement and support, including subscribing on YouTube, reviewing with five stars, and following on Spotify, to sustain the podcast's success.", "DoorDash offers $5 off and zero delivery fees on the first order of $15 or more when using the code Lex, providing numerous options that fit into the speaker's keto diet ways and supporting restaurants in challenging times.", 'The speaker mentions the special moments of bonding and exchanging ideas with a team of engineers while ordering from DoorDash, highlighting the camaraderie experienced during such times.', 'Cash App is described as the number one finance app in the app store, allowing users to send money, buy Bitcoin, and invest in the stock market with as little as $1, with an emphasis on its user-friendly design.', 'Cash App provides an offer of $10 for using the code LEXPODCAST and donates $10 to the FIRST organization, which is advancing robotics and STEM education for young people globally.']}, {'end': 1330.219, 'segs': [{'end': 439.39, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 412.932, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 418.678, 'text': 'but I remember reading a book about Feynman in a cafe once and this woman looked at me and was like saw that it was about Feynman.', 'start': 412.932, 'duration': 5.746}, {'end': 419.739, 'text': 'She was like, oh, I love him.', 'start': 418.698, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 420.74, 'text': "I read, surely you're joking.", 'start': 419.799, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 424.023, 'text': 'And she started explaining to me how he was never really a math person.', 'start': 421.2, 'duration': 2.823}, {'end': 430.826, 'text': "And I don't understand how that can possibly be a public perception about any physicist, but for whatever reason,", 'start': 424.743, 'duration': 6.083}, {'end': 435.568, 'text': 'that like worked into his aura that he sort of shooed off math in place of true science.', 'start': 430.826, 'duration': 4.742}, {'end': 439.39, 'text': 'The reality of it is he was deeply in love with math and was much more going in that direction,', 'start': 436.048, 'duration': 3.342}], 'summary': "Feynman's public perception contradicts his love for math.", 'duration': 26.458, 'max_score': 412.932, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU412932.jpg'}, {'end': 534.567, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 505.481, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 508.244, 'text': "This is part of why I'm not an active researcher.", 'start': 505.481, 'duration': 2.763}, {'end': 510.866, 'text': "I'm not at the depth of the field a lot of other people are.", 'start': 508.264, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 513.208, 'text': 'The stuff that I do learn, I try to learn it really well.', 'start': 511.387, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 517.393, 'text': 'But other times you do need to get through it at a certain pace.', 'start': 514.789, 'duration': 2.604}, {'end': 519.615, 'text': "You do need to get to a point of a problem you're trying to solve.", 'start': 517.433, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 525.42, 'text': 'So obviously you need to be well equipped to read things without that reinvention component and see how others have done it.', 'start': 519.655, 'duration': 5.765}, {'end': 534.567, 'text': "But I think if you choose a few core building blocks along the way and you say I'm really going to try to approach this before I see how this person went at it.", 'start': 525.901, 'duration': 8.666}], 'summary': 'Balancing in-depth learning with pace, focusing on core building blocks, not an active researcher.', 'duration': 29.086, 'max_score': 505.481, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU505481.jpg'}, {'end': 940.303, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 907.046, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 911.13, 'text': "So the very same thing that's so admirable about Feynman's lectures,", 'start': 907.046, 'duration': 4.084}, {'end': 921.259, 'text': 'which is how damn satisfying they are to consume might actually also reveal a little bit of the flaw that we should, as educators, all look out for,', 'start': 911.13, 'duration': 10.129}, {'end': 923.46, 'text': 'which is that that does not correlate with long-term learning.', 'start': 921.259, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 926.063, 'text': "We'll talk about it a little bit, I think.", 'start': 924.241, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 928.605, 'text': "You've done some interactive stuff.", 'start': 926.623, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 930.366, 'text': 'I mean, even in your videos..', 'start': 928.945, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 940.303, 'text': "The awesome thing that Feynman couldn't do at the time is you could, since it's programmed, you can like tinker, like play with stuff.", 'start': 931.493, 'duration': 8.81}], 'summary': "Feynman's lectures are satisfying but may not correlate with long-term learning", 'duration': 33.257, 'max_score': 907.046, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU907046.jpg'}, {'end': 1141.064, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1115.516, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1122.599, 'text': 'Like a little bit of guidance in that direction can be what actually sparks curiosity, to make someone want to imagine more about it.', 'start': 1115.516, 'duration': 7.083}, {'end': 1124.317, 'text': "A few videos I've seen.", 'start': 1123.177, 'duration': 1.14}, {'end': 1124.678, 'text': 'you do.', 'start': 1124.317, 'duration': 0.361}, {'end': 1132.141, 'text': "I don't know how often you do it, but there's almost a tangential pause where you here's a cool thing.", 'start': 1124.678, 'duration': 7.463}, {'end': 1141.064, 'text': "you say here's a cool thing, but it's outside the scope of this video essentially, but I'll leave it to you as homework, essentially to figure out.", 'start': 1132.141, 'duration': 8.923}], 'summary': 'Guidance sparks curiosity, leaving tangential ideas for exploration.', 'duration': 25.548, 'max_score': 1115.516, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU1115516.jpg'}, {'end': 1262.859, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1233.332, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1236.075, 'text': 'well, my hope with that is, I feel like topology is.', 'start': 1233.332, 'duration': 2.743}, {'end': 1242.862, 'text': "I don't want to say it's taught wrong, but I do think sometimes it's popularized in the wrong way, where you know you'll hear these things,", 'start': 1236.075, 'duration': 6.787}, {'end': 1248.468, 'text': "with people saying oh, topologists, they're very interested in surfaces that you can bend and stretch, but you can't cut or glue.", 'start': 1242.862, 'duration': 5.606}, {'end': 1257.254, 'text': "Are they? Why? There's all sorts of things you can be interested in with random imaginative manipulations of things.", 'start': 1250.169, 'duration': 7.085}, {'end': 1262.859, 'text': 'Is that really what mathematicians are into? The short answer is not really.', 'start': 1257.375, 'duration': 5.484}], 'summary': "Topology is often popularized in a way that misrepresents mathematicians' true interests.", 'duration': 29.527, 'max_score': 1233.332, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU1233332.jpg'}, {'end': 1327.238, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1295.086, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1298.231, 'text': "And that, I don't think that's actually popularized.", 'start': 1295.086, 'duration': 3.145}, {'end': 1303.558, 'text': "I don't even think it's emphasized well enough when you're starting to take a topology class, because you kind of have these two problems.", 'start': 1298.571, 'duration': 4.987}, {'end': 1309.086, 'text': "It's like either it's too squishy, you're just talking about coffee, mugs and donuts, or it's a little bit too rigor.", 'start': 1303.578, 'duration': 5.508}, {'end': 1313.591, 'text': "first, and you're talking about the axiom systems with open sets.", 'start': 1309.086, 'duration': 4.505}, {'end': 1316.472, 'text': 'And an open set is not the opposite of closed set.', 'start': 1314.091, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 1317.793, 'text': 'So sorry about that, everyone.', 'start': 1316.572, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 1321.235, 'text': 'We have a notion of clopen sets for ones that are both at the same time.', 'start': 1317.813, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 1327.238, 'text': "And it's not an intuitive axiom system in comparison to other fields of math.", 'start': 1322.595, 'duration': 4.643}], 'summary': 'Topology teaching lacks emphasis on intuitive concepts, leading to confusion among students.', 'duration': 32.152, 'max_score': 1295.086, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU1295086.jpg'}], 'start': 308.488, 'title': "Grant sanderson's insights and educational perspectives", 'summary': "Delves into grant sanderson's admiration for richard feynman, discussing the balance between depth and breadth in research, and emphasizing the value of motivation and guidance in mathematics education.", 'chapters': [{'end': 553.236, 'start': 308.488, 'title': 'Grant sanderson on richard feynman', 'summary': "Discusses grant sanderson's admiration for richard feynman, highlighting feynman's depth beyond his iconography, his love for math, and his approach to problem-solving, while reflecting on sanderson's own learning process and research approach.", 'duration': 244.748, 'highlights': ["Grant Sanderson discusses Richard Feynman's depth beyond his iconography, emphasizing a heartfelt letter he wrote to his wife and his true passion for math, challenging the public perception of him as a non-math person.", "Sanderson reflects on Feynman's approach to problem-solving, emphasizing his constant desire to reinvent solutions for personal ownership and the value of rediscovery in learning, despite its potential to slow down the process.", 'Sanderson acknowledges his own learning process and research approach, admitting that while he tries to deeply learn the material, he sometimes lacks the depth of active researchers due to his preference for a more thorough understanding.']}, {'end': 1103.431, 'start': 553.516, 'title': 'Balancing depth and breadth in research', 'summary': 'Explores the balance between depth and breadth in research, emphasizing the value of having a deep understanding of a wide variety of topics while also highlighting the potential limitations of broad knowledge. it also delves into the effectiveness of interactive learning and the challenges in achieving long-term learning retention.', 'duration': 549.915, 'highlights': ["The chapter explores the balance between depth and breadth in research, emphasizing the value of having a deep understanding of a wide variety of topics. The speaker resonates with Feynman's struggle in physics and aspires to have a deep understanding of various fields, highlighting the importance of mentorship and scaffolded problems.", 'The potential limitations of broad knowledge are discussed, with the speaker expressing a sense of not knowing enough to make significant contributions in any field. The speaker acknowledges the challenge of feeling inadequate in making significant contributions due to the lack of deep understanding in any specific field, but sees personal value in having a broad understanding of different subjects.', 'The effectiveness of interactive learning and the challenges in achieving long-term learning retention are explored. The limitations of passive consumption of educational content and the importance of active engagement, such as problem-solving and interactive learning, are discussed, with the speaker highlighting the flaws in long-term learning retention associated with passive consumption.']}, {'end': 1330.219, 'start': 1104.111, 'title': 'Teaching topology and mathematics', 'summary': 'Highlights the value of offering guidance and spark curiosity in mathematics education, emphasizing the importance of motivation in learning topology and the misconceptions about the subject, aiming to improve its popularization.', 'duration': 226.108, 'highlights': ['The importance of guidance and motivation in mathematics education Offering guidance and motivation sparks curiosity and leads to deeper exploration in mathematics education.', 'Misconceptions about the popularization of topology Emphasizing the misconceptions about the popularization of topology and aiming to improve its presentation and understanding.', 'Challenges in teaching topology Highlighting the challenges in teaching topology, including the balance between abstraction and practical examples, and the need for intuitive understanding of axiom systems.']}], 'duration': 1021.731, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU308488.jpg', 'highlights': ['Grant Sanderson challenges the public perception of Richard Feynman as a non-math person.', 'The chapter explores the balance between depth and breadth in research, emphasizing the value of having a deep understanding of a wide variety of topics.', 'The limitations of passive consumption of educational content and the importance of active engagement, such as problem-solving and interactive learning, are discussed.', 'Offering guidance and motivation sparks curiosity and leads to deeper exploration in mathematics education.', 'Emphasizing the misconceptions about the popularization of topology and aiming to improve its presentation and understanding.', 'Highlighting the challenges in teaching topology, including the balance between abstraction and practical examples, and the need for intuitive understanding of axiom systems.']}, {'end': 2332.081, 'segs': [{'end': 1389.123, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1363.689, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1370.073, 'text': "Like. I could tell you you stir your coffee and after you stir it and like, let's say, all the molecules settled to like not moving again,", 'start': 1363.689, 'duration': 6.384}, {'end': 1372.875, 'text': 'one of the molecules will be basically in the same position it was before.', 'start': 1370.073, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 1376.737, 'text': 'You have all sorts of fixed point theorems like this, right?', 'start': 1374.055, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 1380.919, 'text': 'That kind of fixed point theorem directly relevant to Nash equilibriums, right?', 'start': 1377.077, 'duration': 3.842}, {'end': 1385.142, 'text': 'So you can imagine popularizing it by describing the coffee fact.', 'start': 1382, 'duration': 3.142}, {'end': 1389.123, 'text': "then you're left to wonder, like, who cares about if a molecule of coffee like stays in the same spot?", 'start': 1385.482, 'duration': 3.641}], 'summary': 'Fixed point theorem directly relevant to nash equilibriums, can be popularized by describing the coffee fact.', 'duration': 25.434, 'max_score': 1363.689, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU1363689.jpg'}, {'end': 1495.393, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1472.639, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1481.564, 'text': "I don't know if you've seen it, but like there is the mobility patterns, like, how many people you encounter in certain situations.", 'start': 1472.639, 'duration': 8.925}, {'end': 1486.467, 'text': 'When you go to a school, when you go to a mall, they model every aspect of that for a particular city.', 'start': 1481.584, 'duration': 4.883}, {'end': 1489.109, 'text': 'They have maps of actual city streets.', 'start': 1486.487, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 1491.21, 'text': 'They model it really well.', 'start': 1489.829, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 1494.212, 'text': "And natural patterns of the people have, it's crazy.", 'start': 1491.35, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 1495.393, 'text': "So you don't do any of that.", 'start': 1494.252, 'duration': 1.141}], 'summary': 'Mobility patterns are meticulously modeled for cities, including school and mall encounters, with maps of actual city streets.', 'duration': 22.754, 'max_score': 1472.639, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU1472639.jpg'}, {'end': 1979.374, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1945.513, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1947.516, 'text': "But then next thing, you know it's the entire lake.", 'start': 1945.513, 'duration': 2.003}, {'end': 1949.858, 'text': "You're wearing a SpaceX shirt.", 'start': 1948.737, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 1955.765, 'text': 'So let me ask you, let me ask you one one person who talks about exponential.', 'start': 1950.019, 'duration': 5.746}, {'end': 1962.253, 'text': 'you know, just the miracle of the exponential function in general is Elon Musk.', 'start': 1955.765, 'duration': 6.488}, {'end': 1968.971, 'text': 'So what he kind of advocates the idea of exponential thinking.', 'start': 1962.673, 'duration': 6.298}, {'end': 1979.374, 'text': 'you know, realizing that technological development can, at least in the short term, follow exponential improvement, which breaks apart our intuition,', 'start': 1968.971, 'duration': 10.403}], 'summary': 'Elon musk advocates for exponential thinking in technological development.', 'duration': 33.861, 'max_score': 1945.513, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU1945513.jpg'}], 'start': 1330.539, 'title': 'Mathematics and pandemics', 'summary': "Delves into the connection between topology and game theory, discussing the application of fixed point theorems and nash equilibriums, and also explores insights on pandemics, including epidemiological modeling and lessons on exponential growth. additionally, it discusses the impact of exponential thinking in technological development, citing examples such as moore's law and the internet's influence on innovation and human potential.", 'chapters': [{'end': 1442.424, 'start': 1330.539, 'title': 'Topology and game theory', 'summary': 'Discusses the beauty of topology and its relevance to game theory, highlighting the connection between fixed point theorems and nash equilibriums, as well as the potential for popularizing mathematical concepts through tangible applications.', 'duration': 111.885, 'highlights': ["Topology's connection to game theory and its relevance to Nash equilibriums and fixed point theorems, such as the fact that after stirring coffee, a molecule will be in the same position as before, illustrates the practical applications of mathematical concepts.", 'The potential for popularizing mathematical concepts by describing tangible applications, such as the elegant mapping of topology onto economics, and the challenge of balancing technicality and accessibility in popularized forms of media.', "The speaker's intention to create more videos on the topic, driven by the belief that the understanding of topology need not take a long time to grasp and the recognition of its beauty and practical implications.", 'The casual mention of the SIR model and its connection to ideas of growth and exponential growth.', "The speaker's humor and personal comments, such as the disclaimer regarding the message on the mug and the light-hearted endorsement of the message on another mug."]}, {'end': 1944.893, 'start': 1443.085, 'title': 'Learning from pandemic video', 'summary': 'Explores the insights on pandemics, including the modeling of epidemiology, r naught value, intuitive understanding of exponential growth, and examples of exponential growth in natural systems, providing general lessons and implications for exponential growth in pandemic situations.', 'duration': 501.808, 'highlights': ['Exploration of modeling in epidemiology, including mobility patterns and detailed city mapping for modeling. The video discusses the detailed modeling techniques used in epidemiology, such as mobility patterns and city mapping, demonstrating the depth of modeling in the field.', 'Explanation of R naught value as the average number of people an infectious person will infect in a susceptible population, and its implications for epidemic growth. The concept of R naught value and its significance in determining epidemic growth is explained, highlighting its importance in analyzing infectiousness and exponential growth.', 'Discussion on the intuitive understanding of exponential growth and its impact on human reasoning, including examples of counterintuitive scenarios. The chapter delves into the human intuition of exponential growth, providing examples of counterintuitive scenarios to illustrate the impact of exponential growth on human reasoning.', 'Illustration of examples of exponential growth in natural systems and the implications for pandemic situations. The video provides examples of exponential growth in natural systems and relates it to the implications for pandemic situations, emphasizing the relevance of understanding exponential growth in such scenarios.']}, {'end': 2332.081, 'start': 1945.513, 'title': 'Exponential thinking in technological development', 'summary': "Discusses the concept of exponential thinking in technological development, citing examples such as moore's law and the impact of the internet, and its implications on innovation and human potential.", 'duration': 386.568, 'highlights': ["Elon Musk advocates exponential thinking in technological development. Elon Musk advocates the idea of exponential thinking and how technological development can follow exponential improvement, breaking apart our intuition about what is and isn't impossible.", "Moore's Law as an example of exponential growth in technology. Moore's Law is cited as an example of exponential growth in technology, enabling the development of smaller and more powerful computers, leading to the prediction of smartphones and better lives.", 'The mechanism behind exponential growth in technology is when the rate of change is proportional to the thing in and of itself. The mechanism behind exponential growth in technology is explained as the rate of progress being proportional to the amount, exemplified by the internet making it faster to learn and create new things.', 'Exponential growth in investment and the importance of proportional growth property. The concept of investment growing exponentially with more resources and the importance of recognizing the proportional growth property for operational challenges in running a company or group of people.', 'The psychological and human aspects of exponential thinking and potential human capability. The discussion delves into the psychological and human aspects of exponential thinking, emphasizing the potential for individuals to achieve more than they realize and the impact of creating an atmosphere for genius to discover themselves.']}], 'duration': 1001.542, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU1330539.jpg', 'highlights': ["Topology's connection to game theory and its relevance to Nash equilibriums and fixed point theorems, such as the fact that after stirring coffee, a molecule will be in the same position as before, illustrates the practical applications of mathematical concepts.", 'Exploration of modeling in epidemiology, including mobility patterns and detailed city mapping for modeling. The video discusses the detailed modeling techniques used in epidemiology, such as mobility patterns and city mapping, demonstrating the depth of modeling in the field.', "Elon Musk advocates exponential thinking in technological development. Elon Musk advocates the idea of exponential thinking and how technological development can follow exponential improvement, breaking apart our intuition about what is and isn't impossible."]}, {'end': 3510.802, 'segs': [{'end': 2367.34, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2332.561, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2335.184, 'text': 'they can get better and like way better than we think they could.', 'start': 2332.561, 'duration': 2.623}, {'end': 2340.95, 'text': "I don't know if that's actually related to exponential growth, but I do think it's a true phenomenon that's interesting.", 'start': 2335.825, 'duration': 5.125}, {'end': 2346.475, 'text': "Yeah I mean, there's certainly no law of exponential growth in human innovation.", 'start': 2341.59, 'duration': 4.885}, {'end': 2348.598, 'text': "Well, I don't know.", 'start': 2347.717, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 2350.721, 'text': 'Well, kind of, there is.', 'start': 2349.84, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 2355.707, 'text': "I think it's really interesting to see when innovations in one field allow for innovations in another.", 'start': 2350.861, 'duration': 4.846}, {'end': 2360.032, 'text': 'Like the advent of computing seems like a prerequisite for the advent of chaos theory.', 'start': 2356.047, 'duration': 3.985}, {'end': 2364.697, 'text': 'You have this truth about physics and the world that in theory could be known.', 'start': 2360.412, 'duration': 4.285}, {'end': 2367.34, 'text': "You could find Lorenz's equations without computers.", 'start': 2365.098, 'duration': 2.242}], 'summary': 'Innovations in one field can pave way for innovations in another, like computing enabling chaos theory.', 'duration': 34.779, 'max_score': 2332.561, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU2332561.jpg'}, {'end': 2446.625, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2412.757, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2414.158, 'text': "I didn't realize that.", 'start': 2412.757, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 2416.279, 'text': 'I apologize.', 'start': 2414.238, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 2416.779, 'text': "It's on point.", 'start': 2416.359, 'duration': 0.42}, {'end': 2417.379, 'text': "It's on topic.", 'start': 2416.839, 'duration': 0.54}, {'end': 2418.14, 'text': "I'll take it.", 'start': 2417.479, 'duration': 0.661}, {'end': 2435.112, 'text': 'So Crew Dragon, the first crewed mission out into space since the Space Shuttle, And just by first time ever by a commercial company.', 'start': 2418.52, 'duration': 16.592}, {'end': 2440.037, 'text': "I mean it's an incredible accomplishment, I think, but it's also just an incredible.", 'start': 2435.112, 'duration': 4.925}, {'end': 2446.625, 'text': 'it inspires imagination amongst people that this is the first step in a long journey.', 'start': 2440.037, 'duration': 6.588}], 'summary': 'Crew dragon marks first crewed mission by a commercial company, inspiring imagination for the future of space exploration.', 'duration': 33.868, 'max_score': 2412.757, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU2412757.jpg'}, {'end': 2517.806, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2485.701, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2486.582, 'text': 'I find that inspiring.', 'start': 2485.701, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 2487.622, 'text': 'Innovate quickly.', 'start': 2486.822, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 2490.563, 'text': 'I hope we see people land on Mars in my lifetime.', 'start': 2488.562, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 2492.864, 'text': 'Do you think we will? I think so.', 'start': 2490.583, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 2497.606, 'text': "I mean, I think there's a ton of challenges there, right? Like radiation being kind of the biggest one.", 'start': 2492.884, 'duration': 4.722}, {'end': 2505.412, 'text': "And I think there's a ton of people who look at that and say, Why, why would you want to do that? Let's let the robots do the science for us.", 'start': 2497.646, 'duration': 7.766}, {'end': 2512.26, 'text': "But I think there's enough people who are like genuinely inspired about broadening, like the worlds that we've touched,", 'start': 2506.013, 'duration': 6.247}, {'end': 2517.806, 'text': 'or people who think about things like backing up the light of consciousness with like super long-term visions of terraforming.', 'start': 2512.26, 'duration': 5.546}], 'summary': 'Innovate quickly for mars exploration despite challenges like radiation. some are genuinely inspired.', 'duration': 32.105, 'max_score': 2485.701, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU2485701.jpg'}, {'end': 2917.792, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2891.201, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2897.947, 'text': "like basically saying all the great science we've done in the 20th century was like because of the military.", 'start': 2891.201, 'duration': 6.746}, {'end': 2904.956, 'text': "I mean, he paints a positive, it's not like a critical, A lot of people say like military industrial complex and so on.", 'start': 2898.348, 'duration': 6.608}, {'end': 2912.746, 'text': "Another way to see the military and national security is like a source of, like you said, deadlines and like hard things you can't move.", 'start': 2904.976, 'duration': 7.77}, {'end': 2917.792, 'text': 'Like almost, you know, almost like scaring yourself into being productive.', 'start': 2913.066, 'duration': 4.726}], 'summary': 'Military and national security as a source of productivity and innovation in the 20th century science.', 'duration': 26.591, 'max_score': 2891.201, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU2891201.jpg'}, {'end': 3053.765, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3025.125, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 3027.811, 'text': 'So my question for you is does it get lonely??', 'start': 3025.125, 'duration': 2.686}, {'end': 3034.392, 'text': 'Honestly, that right there, I think, is the biggest part of my life that I would like to change in some way,', 'start': 3028.908, 'duration': 5.484}, {'end': 3039.676, 'text': "that I look at a Bell Labs type situation and I'm like God damn.", 'start': 3034.392, 'duration': 5.284}, {'end': 3040.837, 'text': 'I love that whole situation.', 'start': 3039.676, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 3042.038, 'text': "And I'm so jealous of it.", 'start': 3040.917, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 3047.602, 'text': "And you're like reading about Hamming and then you see that he also shared an office with Shannon and you're like, of course he did.", 'start': 3042.098, 'duration': 5.504}, {'end': 3048.723, 'text': 'Of course they shared an office.', 'start': 3047.662, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 3049.804, 'text': "That's how these ideas get like.", 'start': 3048.763, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 3053.765, 'text': 'uh, and they actually probably very likely worked separately.', 'start': 3050.604, 'duration': 3.161}], 'summary': 'The speaker expresses admiration for collaboration at bell labs and desires to change his lonely work life.', 'duration': 28.64, 'max_score': 3025.125, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU3025125.jpg'}, {'end': 3391.753, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 3313.612, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3319.754, 'text': "Part of that's hard to answer, because the mode of work I do changes a lot from day to day.", 'start': 3313.612, 'duration': 6.142}, {'end': 3321.294, 'text': "Some days I'm writing.", 'start': 3320.554, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 3322.754, 'text': 'The thing I have to do is write a script.', 'start': 3321.394, 'duration': 1.36}, {'end': 3323.655, 'text': "Some days I'm animating.", 'start': 3322.834, 'duration': 0.821}, {'end': 3324.675, 'text': 'The thing I have to do is animate.', 'start': 3323.675, 'duration': 1}, {'end': 3327.115, 'text': "Sometimes I'm working on the animation library.", 'start': 3325.095, 'duration': 2.02}, {'end': 3329.096, 'text': 'The thing I have to do is a little..', 'start': 3327.135, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 3331.957, 'text': "I'm not a software engineer, but something in the direction of software engineering.", 'start': 3329.096, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 3334.437, 'text': "Some days it's a variant of research.", 'start': 3332.497, 'duration': 1.94}, {'end': 3336.938, 'text': "It's like, learn this topic well and try to learn it differently.", 'start': 3334.477, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 3341.421, 'text': 'So those is like four very different modes of what it.', 'start': 3337.538, 'duration': 3.883}, {'end': 3343.562, 'text': "some days it's like get through the email backlog of people.", 'start': 3341.421, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 3345.863, 'text': "I've been the tasks I've been putting off.", 'start': 3343.562, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 3356.09, 'text': "It goes research, scripting, like the idea starts with the research and then there's scripting and then there's programming and there's the showtime.", 'start': 3346.183, 'duration': 9.907}, {'end': 3363.516, 'text': "And the research side, by the way, I think a problematic way to do it is to say, I'm starting this project and therefore I'm starting the research.", 'start': 3356.73, 'duration': 6.786}, {'end': 3367.9, 'text': "Instead, it should be that you're ambiently learning a ton of things just in the background.", 'start': 3363.696, 'duration': 4.204}, {'end': 3373.284, 'text': 'And then once you feel like you have the understanding for one, you put it on the list of things that there can be a video for.', 'start': 3368.1, 'duration': 5.184}, {'end': 3380.551, 'text': "Otherwise, either you're going to end up roadblocked forever or you're just not going to have a good way of talking about it.", 'start': 3373.725, 'duration': 6.826}, {'end': 3384.472, 'text': "But still, some of the days, it's like the thing to do is learn new things.", 'start': 3381.831, 'duration': 2.641}, {'end': 3388.352, 'text': "So what's the most painful one? I think you mentioned scripting.", 'start': 3385.052, 'duration': 3.3}, {'end': 3390.213, 'text': "Scripting is, yeah, that's the worst.", 'start': 3388.872, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 3391.753, 'text': 'Yeah, writing is the worst.', 'start': 3390.713, 'duration': 1.04}], 'summary': "The speaker's work involves writing, animating, research, and learning, with scripting being the most challenging task.", 'duration': 78.141, 'max_score': 3313.612, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU3313612.jpg'}, {'end': 3453.758, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3428.733, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 3437.355, 'text': "and then when i hit writer's block like the solution to writer's block is to read doesn't even have to be related just read something different just for like 15 minutes,", 'start': 3428.733, 'duration': 8.622}, {'end': 3439.295, 'text': 'half an hour, and then go back to writing.', 'start': 3437.355, 'duration': 1.94}, {'end': 3446.076, 'text': "um, that when it's a nice cycle, i think, can work very well, and when you, when you're writing the script, you don't know where it ends right,", 'start': 3439.295, 'duration': 6.781}, {'end': 3449.917, 'text': 'like you have a like problem solving videos, i know where it ends.', 'start': 3446.076, 'duration': 3.841}, {'end': 3453.758, 'text': "expositional videos, i don't know where it ends, like coming up with a,", 'start': 3449.917, 'duration': 3.841}], 'summary': "To overcome writer's block, take a 15-30 minute break to read something different before returning to writing.", 'duration': 25.025, 'max_score': 3428.733, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU3428733.jpg'}], 'start': 2332.561, 'title': 'Exponential growth in innovation', 'summary': 'Discusses the phenomenon of exponential growth in human innovation, emphasizing the interplay between advancements in different fields, and the self-propagating nature of innovation, leading to exponential growth. it also covers the spacex crew dragon mission, space exploration excitement, challenges of colonizing mars, and the influence of national security concerns on scientific progress, while highlighting the role of military contexts in driving productivity and the need for chance collisions and serendipitous interactions in creative work.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2385.613, 'start': 2332.561, 'title': 'Exponential growth in innovation', 'summary': 'Discusses the phenomenon of exponential growth in human innovation, highlighting the interplay between advancements in different fields and the self-propagating nature of innovation, leading to exponential growth.', 'duration': 53.052, 'highlights': ['The self-propagating nature of innovation has led to exponential growth, as advancements in one field allow for innovations in another, creating a cycle of progress and improvement.', 'The advent of computing is seen as a prerequisite for the advent of chaos theory, demonstrating the interconnectedness of advancements in different domains.', 'Physics allowed for the development of computers, which in turn allowed for advancements in physics, showcasing the symbiotic relationship between scientific disciplines.']}, {'end': 2870.454, 'start': 2385.653, 'title': 'Spacex, mars colonization, and agi takeover', 'summary': 'Discusses the spacex crew dragon mission, the excitement of space exploration, challenges of colonizing mars, and the origins of the internet, emphasizing the importance of innovation and perseverance in tackling difficult problems.', 'duration': 484.801, 'highlights': ['The SpaceX Crew Dragon mission is the first crewed mission into space since the Space Shuttle, marking a significant accomplishment and inspiring imagination for future human journeys into space.', "The possibility of colonizing Mars faces challenges such as radiation, but the inspiration to broaden humanity's reach and a long-term vision of terraforming motivates the pursuit of such endeavors.", "The discussion on the internet's origins reveals the core motivation behind advanced research and innovation, highlighting the importance of tackling difficult problems for the sake of progress and resilience."]}, {'end': 3510.802, 'start': 2871.055, 'title': 'Impact of national security on scientific progress', 'summary': 'Discusses the influence of national security concerns on scientific progress, highlighting the role of military contexts in driving productivity and the challenges of working in solitary environments, while emphasizing the need for chance collisions and serendipitous interactions in creative work.', 'duration': 639.747, 'highlights': ['The influence of national security concerns on scientific progress and productivity is discussed, emphasizing the positive impact of military contexts in driving productivity and the need for deadlines and hard constraints to motivate researchers. Influence of national security concerns on scientific progress, positive impact of military contexts in driving productivity, need for deadlines and hard constraints to motivate researchers.', 'The challenges of working in solitary environments are highlighted, with a focus on the lack of chance collisions and serendipitous interactions in creative work, leading to feelings of isolation and longing for collaborative environments like Bell Labs. Challenges of working in solitary environments, lack of chance collisions and serendipitous interactions, longing for collaborative environments like Bell Labs.', "The struggle and self-doubt experienced during creative work, particularly in scripting and writing, are discussed, emphasizing the need for focused work, internet disconnection, and reading as a solution to writer's block. Struggle and self-doubt during creative work, need for focused work, internet disconnection, reading as a solution to writer's block."]}], 'duration': 1178.241, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU2332561.jpg', 'highlights': ['The self-propagating nature of innovation has led to exponential growth, as advancements in one field allow for innovations in another, creating a cycle of progress and improvement.', 'The advent of computing is seen as a prerequisite for the advent of chaos theory, demonstrating the interconnectedness of advancements in different domains.', 'Physics allowed for the development of computers, which in turn allowed for advancements in physics, showcasing the symbiotic relationship between scientific disciplines.', 'The SpaceX Crew Dragon mission is the first crewed mission into space since the Space Shuttle, marking a significant accomplishment and inspiring imagination for future human journeys into space.', "The possibility of colonizing Mars faces challenges such as radiation, but the inspiration to broaden humanity's reach and a long-term vision of terraforming motivates the pursuit of such endeavors.", 'The influence of national security concerns on scientific progress and productivity is discussed, emphasizing the positive impact of military contexts in driving productivity and the need for deadlines and hard constraints to motivate researchers.', 'The challenges of working in solitary environments are highlighted, with a focus on the lack of chance collisions and serendipitous interactions in creative work, leading to feelings of isolation and longing for collaborative environments like Bell Labs.', "The struggle and self-doubt experienced during creative work, particularly in scripting and writing, are discussed, emphasizing the need for focused work, internet disconnection, and reading as a solution to writer's block."]}, {'end': 4593.074, 'segs': [{'end': 3598.517, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3536.928, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3541.675, 'text': "Enjoy the books that are open and don't let yourself lament the ones that stay closed.", 'start': 3536.928, 'duration': 4.747}, {'end': 3552.336, 'text': 'What else, is there any other magic to that day? Do you try to dedicate a certain number of hours? Cal Newport has this deep work kind of idea.', 'start': 3542.85, 'duration': 9.486}, {'end': 3556.318, 'text': "There's systematic people who get really on top of.", 'start': 3552.996, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 3563.162, 'text': "they checklist of what they're gonna do in the day and they count their hours, and I am not a systematic person in that way,", 'start': 3556.318, 'duration': 6.844}, {'end': 3564.322, 'text': 'which is probably a problem.', 'start': 3563.162, 'duration': 1.16}, {'end': 3569.025, 'text': "I very likely would get more done if I was systematic in that way, but that doesn't happen.", 'start': 3564.643, 'duration': 4.382}, {'end': 3576.795, 'text': "Talk to me later in life and maybe I'll have changed my ways and give you a very different answer.", 'start': 3571.868, 'duration': 4.927}, {'end': 3580.84, 'text': 'I think Benjamin Franklin later in life figured out the rigor.', 'start': 3576.815, 'duration': 4.025}, {'end': 3584.946, 'text': 'He has these very rigorous schedules on how to be productive.', 'start': 3581.341, 'duration': 3.605}, {'end': 3586.868, 'text': 'I think those schedules are much more fun to write.', 'start': 3585.006, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 3594.274, 'text': "It's very fun to write a schedule and make a blog post about the perfect productive day that might work for one person,", 'start': 3587.709, 'duration': 6.565}, {'end': 3598.517, 'text': "but I don't know how much people get out of reading them or trying to adopt someone else's style.", 'start': 3594.274, 'duration': 4.243}], 'summary': 'Balancing productivity methods, like deep work and systematic planning, can lead to increased efficiency and personal growth.', 'duration': 61.589, 'max_score': 3536.928, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU3536928.jpg'}, {'end': 3689.242, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3654.322, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3659.724, 'text': "like if you're actually engaging with friends and engaging with other people's ideas, I think it can be really useful.", 'start': 3654.322, 'duration': 5.402}, {'end': 3661.345, 'text': "Well, I don't know.", 'start': 3660.585, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 3661.945, 'text': 'So like.', 'start': 3661.425, 'duration': 0.52}, {'end': 3671.65, 'text': "for sure I agree with you, but it's definitely an addiction, because for me I think it's true for a lot of people I am very cognizant of the fact.", 'start': 3661.945, 'duration': 9.705}, {'end': 3673.591, 'text': "I just don't feel that happy.", 'start': 3671.65, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 3689.242, 'text': "If I look at a day where I've checked social media a lot like if I just aggregate I did a self-report I'm sure I would find that I'm just like literally less happy with my life and myself after I've done that check.", 'start': 3674.511, 'duration': 14.731}], 'summary': 'Excessive social media use decreases happiness, affects engagement with others.', 'duration': 34.92, 'max_score': 3654.322, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU3654322.jpg'}, {'end': 3889.138, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3862.468, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 3866.214, 'text': "I'm talking about like CEOs of major companies who don't have time.", 'start': 3862.468, 'duration': 3.746}, {'end': 3871.101, 'text': 'They basically they literally this is their evaluation metric.', 'start': 3867.055, 'duration': 4.046}, {'end': 3873.344, 'text': "They're like, Oh, the comments seem to be positive.", 'start': 3871.521, 'duration': 1.823}, {'end': 3874.786, 'text': "And that's really concerning to me.", 'start': 3873.504, 'duration': 1.282}, {'end': 3882.192, 'text': 'Most important lesson for any content creator to learn is that the commenting public is not representative of the actual public.', 'start': 3875.627, 'duration': 6.565}, {'end': 3883.594, 'text': 'And this is easy to see.', 'start': 3882.713, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 3889.138, 'text': 'Ask yourself, how often do you write comments on YouTube videos? Most people will realize I never do it.', 'start': 3883.954, 'duration': 5.184}], 'summary': "Ceos rely on comment sentiment, but it's not indicative; most viewers don't comment.", 'duration': 26.67, 'max_score': 3862.468, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU3862468.jpg'}, {'end': 4211.671, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4186.845, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4192.567, 'text': 'is engage with a handful of people deeply rather than like as many people as you can in a shallow way.', 'start': 4186.845, 'duration': 5.722}, {'end': 4195.188, 'text': "i think that's a good lesson for social media usage.", 'start': 4192.567, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 4201.529, 'text': 'um, like platforms in general, yeah, choose, choose just a handful of things to engage with, and engage with it very well,', 'start': 4195.188, 'duration': 6.341}, {'end': 4204.73, 'text': "in a way that you feel proud of and don't worry about the rest.", 'start': 4201.529, 'duration': 3.201}, {'end': 4209.23, 'text': 'honestly, i think the best social media platform is texting.', 'start': 4204.73, 'duration': 4.5}, {'end': 4211.671, 'text': "that's my favorite, that's my go-to social media platform.", 'start': 4209.23, 'duration': 2.441}], 'summary': 'Engage deeply with a few platforms, like texting, for a more meaningful social media experience.', 'duration': 24.826, 'max_score': 4186.845, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU4186845.jpg'}, {'end': 4396.346, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4372.568, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 4379.395, 'text': "One of the things that I realized is that you could as a teacher, like it doesn't take that much to make things look and feel pretty professional.", 'start': 4372.568, 'duration': 6.827}, {'end': 4382.097, 'text': 'Like one component of it is.', 'start': 4380.336, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 4385.621, 'text': 'as soon as you hook things up with the broadcasting software, rather than just doing like screen sharing,', 'start': 4382.097, 'duration': 3.524}, {'end': 4390.903, 'text': 'You can set up different scenes and then you can like have keyboard shortcuts to transition between those scenes.', 'start': 4386.061, 'duration': 4.842}, {'end': 4396.346, 'text': "So you don't need a production studio with a director calling like, go to camera three, go to camera two, like onto the screen capture.", 'start': 4391.243, 'duration': 5.103}], 'summary': 'Teachers can create professional-looking content by using broadcasting software to set up different scenes and transition between them using keyboard shortcuts.', 'duration': 23.778, 'max_score': 4372.568, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU4372568.jpg'}, {'end': 4454.087, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4424.599, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4429.242, 'text': 'But the biggest reason I think one of the like best things that can come out of this pandemic education-wise,', 'start': 4424.599, 'duration': 4.643}, {'end': 4431.423, 'text': 'is if we turn a bunch of teachers into content creators.', 'start': 4429.242, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 4445.491, 'text': "And if we take lessons that are usually done in these one-off settings and like start to get in the habit of sometimes I'll use the phrase commoditizing explanation where what you want is whatever a thing a student wants to learn.", 'start': 4431.823, 'duration': 13.668}, {'end': 4454.087, 'text': 'It just seems inefficient to me that that lesson is taught millions of times over in parallel across many different classrooms in the world,', 'start': 4446.641, 'duration': 7.446}], 'summary': 'Transforming teachers into content creators could improve education efficiency by avoiding redundant lessons.', 'duration': 29.488, 'max_score': 4424.599, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU4424599.jpg'}], 'start': 3511.382, 'title': 'Productivity and its impact', 'summary': "Discusses the value of enjoying the present, the challenge of being systematic, and skepticism towards adopting someone else's productivity style, while also exploring the addictive nature of social media, its impact on content creators, and the potential for educators to become content creators for more engaging learning experiences.", 'chapters': [{'end': 3612.708, 'start': 3511.382, 'title': 'Productivity and enjoying the process', 'summary': "Discusses the value of enjoying the present, the challenge of being systematic, and the skepticism towards adopting someone else's productivity style, highlighting the importance of self-enjoyment and personal approach to productivity.", 'duration': 101.326, 'highlights': ['The value of enjoying the present and not lamenting the closed opportunities is emphasized, promoting a positive mindset (e.g., enjoying the books that are open and not lamenting the ones that stay closed).', 'The challenge of being systematic in productivity is discussed, noting the potential benefits while acknowledging personal tendencies (e.g., the speaker admits that being systematic might lead to more productivity but is not their current approach).', "The skepticism towards adopting someone else's productivity style is highlighted, questioning the effectiveness of rigid schedules and the value of trying to emulate others' approaches (e.g., questioning the utility of reading about someone else's perfect productive day and the lack of understanding the phenomenon of wanting to get out of bed but not really wanting to)."]}, {'end': 4225.515, 'start': 3613.448, 'title': 'Social media usage and its impact', 'summary': 'Discusses the addictive nature of social media, the impact of comments on content creators, and the importance of focusing on meaningful engagement rather than shallow interactions. it also highlights the negative effects of excessive social media usage on happiness and psychology.', 'duration': 612.067, 'highlights': ['The addictive nature of social media is discussed, highlighting the impact on happiness and psychology. The speaker emphasizes the addictive nature of social media, noting its impact on happiness and psychology. Checking social media excessively leads to decreased happiness and occupies a part of the mind in an unhealthy way.', "The impact of comments on content creators is explained, with a focus on the representativeness of the commenting public and the importance of meaningful feedback. The chapter emphasizes that the commenting public is not representative of the actual public, and positive comments may not accurately reflect the content's quality. The speaker underscores the importance of meaningful feedback and the under-representation of well-intentioned negative feedback.", 'The importance of focusing on meaningful engagement rather than shallow interactions on social media platforms is discussed. The speaker advocates for engaging deeply with a handful of things on social media platforms, rather than engaging with as many people as possible in a shallow way. Meaningful engagement is emphasized over the natural underlying toxicity of the internet.']}, {'end': 4593.074, 'start': 4226.035, 'title': 'Remote education and live streaming', 'summary': 'Discusses the experience of conducting live streaming for education, emphasizing the effectiveness of remote teaching and the potential for educators to become content creators, leading to more engaging and efficient learning experiences.', 'duration': 367.039, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the experience of conducting live streaming for education, emphasizing the effectiveness of remote teaching and the potential for educators to become content creators, leading to more engaging and efficient learning experiences. The speaker shares their experience of conducting live streams called Lockdown Math, highlighting the success and rewarding experience of engaging with the audience, and suggests that educators can view online teaching as a form of live streaming to enhance engagement.', 'The speaker emphasizes the importance of educators becoming content creators to provide explanations that can be accessed by students globally, leading to more efficient use of classroom time and resources. The speaker advocates for the creation of online content by educators, aiming to reduce redundancy in explanations and optimize classroom time for other aspects of teaching, ultimately leading to a more efficient and engaging learning environment.', 'The chapter discusses the technical aspects of live streaming, highlighting the ease with which teachers can create professional-looking content using broadcasting software and emphasizes the potential for solo operations in content creation. The speaker explains the technical aspects of live streaming, emphasizing the ease with which teachers can create professional-looking content using broadcasting software, thus enabling solo operations in content creation and potentially increasing student engagement.']}], 'duration': 1081.692, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU3511382.jpg', 'highlights': ['Educators can become content creators for more engaging learning experiences.', 'The addictive nature of social media impacts happiness and psychology.', 'Meaningful engagement is emphasized over shallow interactions on social media.', 'The value of enjoying the present and not lamenting closed opportunities is promoted.', 'The challenge of being systematic in productivity is acknowledged.', "Skepticism towards adopting someone else's productivity style is highlighted.", 'The representativeness of the commenting public and the importance of meaningful feedback are discussed.', 'The potential for educators to become content creators for more efficient use of classroom time and resources is emphasized.', 'The ease with which teachers can create professional-looking content using broadcasting software is highlighted.']}, {'end': 5498.513, 'segs': [{'end': 4641.979, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4610.372, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4617.937, 'text': "And he was inspired by the work you do, because I think in his work he can do similar kind of explanations as you're doing,", 'start': 4610.372, 'duration': 7.565}, {'end': 4622.819, 'text': 'like revealing the beauty of it and spending like months in preparing a single video.', 'start': 4617.937, 'duration': 4.882}, {'end': 4626.341, 'text': "Uh, and he's interested in how to do that.", 'start': 4623.679, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 4627.741, 'text': "That's why he listened to the conversation.", 'start': 4626.361, 'duration': 1.38}, {'end': 4631.823, 'text': "He's playing with Manum, but he had this question of you know.", 'start': 4627.801, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 4641.979, 'text': 'um, like in my apartment where we did the interview, I have like curtains like a black curtain.', 'start': 4631.823, 'duration': 10.156}], 'summary': 'A content creator seeks advice on creating in-depth videos, inspired by the dedication and detail in the work being done.', 'duration': 31.607, 'max_score': 4610.372, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU4610372.jpg'}, {'end': 4705.781, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4658.048, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4663.431, 'text': 'He was asking, what kind of equipment do you recommend? I guess your blog post is a good one.', 'start': 4658.048, 'duration': 5.383}, {'end': 4668.394, 'text': "I said I don't recommend, this is excessive and actually really hard to work with.", 'start': 4663.751, 'duration': 4.643}, {'end': 4675.237, 'text': 'So I wonder, I mean, is there something you would recommend in terms of equipment??', 'start': 4668.954, 'duration': 6.283}, {'end': 4679.88, 'text': 'Do you think like lapel mics, like USB mics?', 'start': 4676.498, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 4682.561, 'text': 'my narration i use a usb mic.', 'start': 4680.959, 'duration': 1.602}, {'end': 4684.824, 'text': 'for the streams, i used a lapel mic.', 'start': 4682.561, 'duration': 2.263}, {'end': 4687.387, 'text': "uh, the narration it's a blue yeti.", 'start': 4684.824, 'duration': 2.563}, {'end': 4693.293, 'text': "um, i'm forgetting actually the name of the lapel mic, but it was probably like a road of some kind.", 'start': 4687.387, 'duration': 5.906}, {'end': 4696.837, 'text': 'um, but is it hard to figure out how to make the audio sound good?', 'start': 4693.293, 'duration': 3.544}, {'end': 4700.999, 'text': 'oh, i mean listen to all the early videos on my channel and clearly like.', 'start': 4697.578, 'duration': 3.421}, {'end': 4703.74, 'text': "i'm terrible at this for for some reason.", 'start': 4700.999, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 4705.781, 'text': "um, i just couldn't get audio for a while.", 'start': 4703.74, 'duration': 2.041}], 'summary': 'Discussion about equipment recommendation for narration and streaming, including the use of usb and lapel mics.', 'duration': 47.733, 'max_score': 4658.048, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU4658048.jpg'}, {'end': 4797.099, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4770.202, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4774.684, 'text': "But I do like something that I do to be out there to show like, hey, this is what it's like raw.", 'start': 4770.202, 'duration': 4.482}, {'end': 4776.105, 'text': "This is what it's like when I make mistakes.", 'start': 4774.704, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 4778.426, 'text': 'This is like the pace of thinking.', 'start': 4776.825, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 4781.248, 'text': 'I like the live interaction of it.', 'start': 4778.446, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 4782.148, 'text': 'I think that made it better.', 'start': 4781.288, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 4789.333, 'text': "I probably would do it on a different channel, I think, if I did a series like that in the future, just because it's a different style.", 'start': 4783.869, 'duration': 5.464}, {'end': 4797.099, 'text': "It's probably a different target audience and kind of keep clean what Three Blue and Brown is about versus the benefits of live lectures.", 'start': 4789.393, 'duration': 7.706}], 'summary': 'Prefers live lectures for raw, mistake-prone, interactive content.', 'duration': 26.897, 'max_score': 4770.202, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU4770202.jpg'}, {'end': 4843.996, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4816.755, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 4820.138, 'text': 'Do you see like that being an important part of what they do?', 'start': 4816.755, 'duration': 3.383}, {'end': 4827.284, 'text': "Yeah well, what I think teachers like Russ should do is choose the small handful of topics that they're going to do just really well.", 'start': 4820.418, 'duration': 6.866}, {'end': 4830.546, 'text': 'They want to create the best short explanation of it in the world.', 'start': 4827.344, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 4834.69, 'text': 'that will be one of those handfuls in a world where you have commoditized explanation right?', 'start': 4830.546, 'duration': 4.144}, {'end': 4837.252, 'text': 'Most of the lectures should be done just normally.', 'start': 4835.03, 'duration': 2.222}, {'end': 4839.013, 'text': 'So put thought and planning into it.', 'start': 4837.872, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 4841.835, 'text': "I'm sure he's a wonderful teacher and knows all about that.", 'start': 4839.053, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 4843.996, 'text': 'But maybe choose those small handful of topics.', 'start': 4842.255, 'duration': 1.741}], 'summary': 'Teachers like russ should focus on a small handful of topics and create the best short explanations for them.', 'duration': 27.241, 'max_score': 4816.755, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU4816755.jpg'}, {'end': 4997.181, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4962.002, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4966.326, 'text': "And it's those lectures that tell early students what to be interested in.", 'start': 4962.002, 'duration': 4.324}, {'end': 4971.708, 'text': 'Yeah At the moment, I think students are disproportionately interested in the things that are well represented on YouTube.', 'start': 4966.346, 'duration': 5.362}, {'end': 4973.548, 'text': 'So to any educator out there.', 'start': 4972.408, 'duration': 1.14}, {'end': 4977.19, 'text': "if you're wondering hey, I want more grad students in my department.", 'start': 4973.548, 'duration': 3.642}, {'end': 4978.77, 'text': "what's the best way to recruit grad students?", 'start': 4977.19, 'duration': 1.58}, {'end': 4985.113, 'text': "It's like make the best video you can and then wait eight years and then you're going to have a pile of excellent grad students for that department.", 'start': 4978.95, 'duration': 6.163}, {'end': 4997.181, 'text': "And one of the lessons I think your channel teaches is there's appeal of explaining just something beautiful, explaining it cleanly technically,", 'start': 4985.513, 'duration': 11.668}], 'summary': 'Educators should create appealing videos to attract grad students, leading to a pile of excellent grad students in eight years.', 'duration': 35.179, 'max_score': 4962.002, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU4962002.jpg'}, {'end': 5139.433, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5113.385, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 5124.05, 'text': "But the thing I've noticed, especially like with world experts, is it's the same thing that I'm sure you went through, which is like fear of,", 'start': 5113.385, 'duration': 10.665}, {'end': 5125.032, 'text': 'like embarrassment.', 'start': 5124.05, 'duration': 0.982}, {'end': 5126.294, 'text': 'Like they.', 'start': 5125.212, 'duration': 1.082}, {'end': 5133.206, 'text': "definitely it's the same reason, like I feel that anytime I put out a video.", 'start': 5126.294, 'duration': 6.912}, {'end': 5139.433, 'text': "I don't know if you still feel that, but like I don't know, it's this imposter syndrome.", 'start': 5133.206, 'duration': 6.227}], 'summary': 'World experts experience imposter syndrome, including fear and embarrassment.', 'duration': 26.048, 'max_score': 5113.385, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU5113385.jpg'}, {'end': 5216.639, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5191.316, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 5197.643, 'text': 'where they basically trap a really smart person and force them to explain stuff on a brown sheet of paper.', 'start': 5191.316, 'duration': 6.327}, {'end': 5201.286, 'text': "So, but of course that's not scalable as a single channel.", 'start': 5198.164, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 5207.912, 'text': "If there's anything beautiful that it could be done as people take it in their own hands, educators.", 'start': 5201.747, 'duration': 6.165}, {'end': 5213.937, 'text': "Which is again, circling back, I do think the pandemic will serve to force a lot of people's hands.", 'start': 5208.532, 'duration': 5.405}, {'end': 5216.639, 'text': "You're gonna be making online content anyway.", 'start': 5214.457, 'duration': 2.182}], 'summary': 'Pandemic forcing shift to online education, scalable approach needed.', 'duration': 25.323, 'max_score': 5191.316, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU5191316.jpg'}], 'start': 4593.154, 'title': 'Enhancing online class quality', 'summary': 'Discusses seeking advice on filming and audio recording equipment for online classes, benefits of live lectures and niche educational content creation, and challenges of educational content creation, including imposter syndrome and pandemic impact.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4745.435, 'start': 4593.154, 'title': 'Online class equipment inquiry', 'summary': "Discusses an individual's interest in improving the quality of an online class by seeking advice on equipment and techniques for filming and audio recording, as well as drawing inspiration from the work of the person being spoken to.", 'duration': 152.281, 'highlights': ['The individual seeks advice on equipment for filming and audio recording, expressing interest in improving the quality of an online class. The person inquires about recommended equipment for filming and audio recording to enhance the quality of an online class.', 'The individual draws inspiration from the work of the person being spoken to, particularly in terms of creating engaging and visually appealing content. The person is inspired by the work of the individual being spoken to, who spends months in preparing a single video to reveal the beauty of the content.', 'Discussion on specific equipment used for narration, streaming, and video recording, including the use of lapel mics and USB mics. The conversation delves into the equipment used, such as a Blue Yeti USB mic for narration and a lapel mic for streaming, as well as the challenges in making the audio sound good.']}, {'end': 5093.649, 'start': 4745.435, 'title': 'Benefits of live lectures and creating niche educational content', 'summary': 'Discusses the benefits of live lectures for raw and interactive content, the importance of creating niche educational videos, and the potential impact of producing high-quality educational content on the internet. it also emphasizes the appeal of explaining technical concepts and the potential reach of niche topics on online platforms.', 'duration': 348.214, 'highlights': ['The potential impact of producing high-quality educational content on the internet Producing high-quality educational content can guarantee that the work is seen by a huge number of people, potentially leading to increased interest in niche topics and attracting excellent grad students to academic departments.', 'Benefits of live lectures for raw and interactive content The speaker values the live interaction and raw nature of content, despite acknowledging potential differences in sharpness and tightness compared to edited recordings.', 'Importance of creating niche educational videos Emphasizing the need for educators to create the best short explanations for a small handful of niche topics, which could significantly contribute to the abundance of great educational explanations available online.', 'Appeal of explaining technical concepts and niche topics The chapter highlights the appeal of explaining technical concepts cleanly and technically, addressing the appeal of niche topics and the potential engagement from a significant audience.']}, {'end': 5498.513, 'start': 5094.07, 'title': 'Challenges of educational content creation', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges of creating educational content, including imposter syndrome, fear of embarrassment, and the potential impermanence of content on platforms like youtube, while also highlighting the value of creators taking ownership and the potential impact of the pandemic on content creation.', 'duration': 404.443, 'highlights': ['The potential impermanence of content on platforms like YouTube is highlighted, discussing concerns about the longevity of content and the impact of platforms like Spotify on content availability. Discusses concerns about the longevity of content and the impact of platforms like Spotify on content availability.', 'The challenges of imposter syndrome and fear of embarrassment in creating educational content are discussed, reflecting on the experiences of world experts and the speaker. Reflects on the experiences of world experts and the speaker regarding imposter syndrome and fear of embarrassment.', 'The value of creators taking ownership of content creation is emphasized, suggesting that the pandemic may serve to force individuals to create online content and highlighting the potential long-term impact of content creation. Suggests that the pandemic may serve to force individuals to create online content and highlights the potential long-term impact of content creation.']}], 'duration': 905.359, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU4593154.jpg', 'highlights': ['Producing high-quality educational content can guarantee that the work is seen by a huge number of people, potentially leading to increased interest in niche topics and attracting excellent grad students to academic departments.', 'The individual seeks advice on equipment for filming and audio recording, expressing interest in improving the quality of an online class.', 'The person inquires about recommended equipment for filming and audio recording to enhance the quality of an online class.', 'The individual draws inspiration from the work of the person being spoken to, particularly in terms of creating engaging and visually appealing content.', 'The conversation delves into the equipment used, such as a Blue Yeti USB mic for narration and a lapel mic for streaming, as well as the challenges in making the audio sound good.', 'The speaker values the live interaction and raw nature of content, despite acknowledging potential differences in sharpness and tightness compared to edited recordings.', 'Emphasizing the need for educators to create the best short explanations for a small handful of niche topics, which could significantly contribute to the abundance of great educational explanations available online.', 'Reflects on the experiences of world experts and the speaker regarding imposter syndrome and fear of embarrassment.', 'Suggests that the pandemic may serve to force individuals to create online content and highlights the potential long-term impact of content creation.']}, {'end': 6362.449, 'segs': [{'end': 5642.066, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5613.703, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5619.026, 'text': "You have this series of qualitatively different things happening, even though it's the same piece of math on each one.", 'start': 5613.703, 'duration': 5.323}, {'end': 5628.455, 'text': "So that's a pretty beautiful idea that you can have, like a generalizable object that runs through the layers of abstraction which in some sense,", 'start': 5619.626, 'duration': 8.829}, {'end': 5634.461, 'text': 'constitute intelligence, is having those many different layers of an understanding to something.', 'start': 5628.455, 'duration': 6.006}, {'end': 5637.223, 'text': 'Yeah, form abstractions in a automated way.', 'start': 5634.481, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 5642.066, 'text': "Exactly It's automated abstracting, which, I mean, that just feels very powerful.", 'start': 5638.084, 'duration': 3.982}], 'summary': 'Mathematical abstraction can automate and form multiple layers of understanding, constituting a powerful concept.', 'duration': 28.363, 'max_score': 5613.703, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU5613703.jpg'}, {'end': 5696.807, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5666.861, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5674.501, 'text': 'one of the really interesting things is is beginning to be investigated under kind of the field of science and deep learning,', 'start': 5666.861, 'duration': 7.64}, {'end': 5683.643, 'text': 'which is like the craziness of the surface that is trying to be optimized in neural networks.', 'start': 5674.501, 'duration': 9.142}, {'end': 5690.325, 'text': 'I mean the amount of local minima, local optima there is in these surfaces,', 'start': 5683.823, 'duration': 6.502}, {'end': 5696.807, 'text': 'and somehow a dumb gradient descent algorithm is able to find really good solutions.', 'start': 5690.325, 'duration': 6.482}], 'summary': 'Deep learning explores optimization of neural network surfaces, with many local minima, but gradient descent algorithm finds good solutions.', 'duration': 29.946, 'max_score': 5666.861, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU5666861.jpg'}, {'end': 5829.719, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5806.12, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5813.389, 'text': "Like one fun example of this, Shannon's noisy coding and theorem, noisy coding theorem and information theory.", 'start': 5806.12, 'duration': 7.269}, {'end': 5819.372, 'text': 'that basically says, if I wanna send some bits to you, maybe some of them are gonna get flipped.', 'start': 5813.949, 'duration': 5.423}, {'end': 5821.274, 'text': "There's some noise along the channel.", 'start': 5819.953, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 5826.877, 'text': "I can come up with some way of coding it that's resilient to that noise, that's very good.", 'start': 5821.774, 'duration': 5.103}, {'end': 5829.719, 'text': 'And then he quantitatively describes what very good is.', 'start': 5827.718, 'duration': 2.001}], 'summary': "Shannon's noisy coding theorem in information theory quantitatively describes resilient coding for noisy channels.", 'duration': 23.599, 'max_score': 5806.12, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU5806120.jpg'}, {'end': 6045.206, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6018.714, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6025.456, 'text': 'Tim Blay, who runs a channel called Acapella Science, he was tweeting a bunch about playing with it.', 'start': 6018.714, 'duration': 6.742}, {'end': 6030.238, 'text': 'GPT-3 was trained on the internet from before COVID.', 'start': 6026.577, 'duration': 3.661}, {'end': 6033.2, 'text': "In a sense, it doesn't know about the coronavirus.", 'start': 6030.778, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 6041.084, 'text': 'What he seeded it with was just a short description about a novel virus emerges in Wuhan, China, and starts to spread around the globe.', 'start': 6033.72, 'duration': 7.364}, {'end': 6045.206, 'text': 'What follows is a month-by-month description of what happens, January colon.', 'start': 6041.504, 'duration': 3.702}], 'summary': "Gpt-3, trained pre-covid, doesn't know about coronavirus. used to generate month-by-month description of pandemic spread.", 'duration': 26.492, 'max_score': 6018.714, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU6018714.jpg'}, {'end': 6201.719, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6177, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6183.345, 'text': 'whatever it is, you have a bunch of different hypotheses and your intuitions are around those hypotheses, but you still need to actively test it.', 'start': 6177, 'duration': 6.345}, {'end': 6193.193, 'text': 'And it seems like GPT-3 is extremely good at that sort of pattern matching recognition that usually is very hard for computers.', 'start': 6185.347, 'duration': 7.846}, {'end': 6197.217, 'text': 'that is what humans get good at through expertise and exposure to lots of things.', 'start': 6193.193, 'duration': 4.024}, {'end': 6199.839, 'text': "It's why it's good to learn from as many examples as you can.", 'start': 6197.497, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 6201.719, 'text': 'rather than just from the definitions.', 'start': 6200.419, 'duration': 1.3}], 'summary': 'Gpt-3 excels in pattern recognition, valuable for testing hypotheses and learning from numerous examples.', 'duration': 24.719, 'max_score': 6177, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU6177000.jpg'}], 'start': 5499.813, 'title': 'Youtube as a knowledge repository and gpt-3', 'summary': "Discusses neural networks, machine learning, and shannon's noisy coding theorem, and explores gpt-3's potential in generating mathematical animations, its limitations in mathematical understanding, and its ability to predict real-world events, such as the covid-19 pandemic, with humorous interpretations.", 'chapters': [{'end': 5933.955, 'start': 5499.813, 'title': 'Youtube as a knowledge repository', 'summary': "Discusses the beauty of neural networks and machine learning, highlighting the layered structure and the ability to automate abstracting, and the surprises in the high-dimensional space of neural networks, while also referencing shannon's noisy coding theorem and discussing the potential and challenges in finding low-information descriptions of interesting things.", 'duration': 434.142, 'highlights': ['The layered structure of neural networks and machine learning allows for qualitatively distinct things happening going from one layer to another, following the same mathematical rule, constituting intelligence through layers of abstraction. Qualitatively distinct layers of abstraction in neural networks.', 'The surprises in the high-dimensional space of neural networks and the ability of a dumb gradient descent algorithm to find really good solutions. Surprising behaviors in high-dimensional space of neural networks.', "Shannon's noisy coding theorem in information theory, which describes how to send bits resilient to noise, and the challenge in finding low-information descriptions of interesting things. Concept of resilient coding and the challenge of finding low-information descriptions."]}, {'end': 6362.449, 'start': 5933.955, 'title': 'Gpt-3: generating mathematical animations', 'summary': 'Explores the potential of gpt-3 in generating mathematical animations, its limitations in mathematical understanding, and its ability to predict real-world events, such as the covid-19 pandemic, with humorous interpretations.', 'duration': 428.494, 'highlights': ["GPT-3's ability to predict real-world events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, with humorous interpretations GPT-3 was trained on the internet before COVID-19 and when seeded with a description about a novel virus emerging in Wuhan, it generated a prediction of a zombie apocalypse, which amusingly aligns with early aspects of COVID-19.", "GPT-3's limitations in understanding mathematics and numerical patterns GPT-3 struggles with mathematical understanding and is unable to generate numerical patterns, but is able to produce some mathematically correct patterns, highlighting its limitations in this domain.", "The potential of GPT-3 in generating visual animations and aiding in creative processes GPT-3's potential in creating visually beautiful animations and serving as a tool for generating potential ideas that can be refined by humans, indicating its value in creative processes."]}], 'duration': 862.636, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU5499813.jpg', 'highlights': ['The layered structure of neural networks and machine learning allows for qualitatively distinct things happening going from one layer to another, following the same mathematical rule, constituting intelligence through layers of abstraction.', "GPT-3's ability to predict real-world events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, with humorous interpretations GPT-3 was trained on the internet before COVID-19 and when seeded with a description about a novel virus emerging in Wuhan, it generated a prediction of a zombie apocalypse, which amusingly aligns with early aspects of COVID-19.", 'The surprises in the high-dimensional space of neural networks and the ability of a dumb gradient descent algorithm to find really good solutions. Surprising behaviors in high-dimensional space of neural networks.', "GPT-3's limitations in understanding mathematics and numerical patterns GPT-3 struggles with mathematical understanding and is unable to generate numerical patterns, but is able to produce some mathematically correct patterns, highlighting its limitations in this domain.", "Shannon's noisy coding theorem in information theory, which describes how to send bits resilient to noise, and the challenge in finding low-information descriptions of interesting things. Concept of resilient coding and the challenge of finding low-information descriptions.", "The potential of GPT-3 in generating visual animations and aiding in creative processes GPT-3's potential in creating visually beautiful animations and serving as a tool for generating potential ideas that can be refined by humans, indicating its value in creative processes."]}, {'end': 6733.743, 'segs': [{'end': 6427.037, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6402.575, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6411.216, 'text': "Yeah I'm not saying I'd be impressed, but like surprised, like I'll be impressed, but I think we'll get there on algorithms doing math like that.", 'start': 6402.575, 'duration': 8.641}, {'end': 6423.991, 'text': "So one of the, Amazing things you've done for the world is, to some degree, open sourcing the tooling that you use to make your videos with Manum.", 'start': 6412.597, 'duration': 11.394}, {'end': 6427.037, 'text': 'This Python library.', 'start': 6425.476, 'duration': 1.561}], 'summary': 'Open sourced python library for video creation with manum.', 'duration': 24.462, 'max_score': 6402.575, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU6402575.jpg'}, {'end': 6545.719, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6502.111, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6505.713, 'text': 'people asked what it was, so they made it open source and they kept scrapping it together.', 'start': 6502.111, 'duration': 3.602}, {'end': 6512.498, 'text': "And there's a lot of things about it that make it harder to work with than it needs to be that are a function of me not being a software engineer.", 'start': 6505.733, 'duration': 6.765}, {'end': 6522.721, 'text': "I've put some work this year trying to like make it better and more flexible that is still just kind of like a work in process.", 'start': 6514.679, 'duration': 8.042}, {'end': 6528.643, 'text': 'One thing I would love to do is just get my act together about properly integrating with what,', 'start': 6524.382, 'duration': 4.261}, {'end': 6532.684, 'text': 'like the community wants to work with and like what stuff I work on,', 'start': 6528.643, 'duration': 4.041}, {'end': 6540.726, 'text': "and making that not like deviate and just like actually fostering that community in a way that I've been like shamefully neglectful of.", 'start': 6532.684, 'duration': 8.042}, {'end': 6542.587, 'text': "So I'm just always guilty if it comes up.", 'start': 6541.087, 'duration': 1.5}, {'end': 6545.719, 'text': "So let's put that guilt aside, just kind of zen-like.", 'start': 6543.157, 'duration': 2.562}], 'summary': 'Striving to improve open-source project integration and community engagement, despite lacking software engineering background, remains a work in progress.', 'duration': 43.608, 'max_score': 6502.111, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU6502111.jpg'}, {'end': 6604.331, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6563.132, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6568.513, 'text': 'use Desmos, use Graffer, use Geogebra, use Mathematica, certain things that are like really oriented around graphs.', 'start': 6563.132, 'duration': 5.381}, {'end': 6569.614, 'text': 'Geogebra is kind of cool.', 'start': 6568.534, 'duration': 1.08}, {'end': 6571.054, 'text': "It's amazing.", 'start': 6570.034, 'duration': 1.02}, {'end': 6573.015, 'text': 'You can get very, very far with it.', 'start': 6571.174, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 6578.536, 'text': 'And in a lot of ways, like it would make more sense for some stuff that I do to just do in Geogebra.', 'start': 6573.235, 'duration': 5.301}, {'end': 6582.917, 'text': 'But I kind of have this cycle of liking to try to improve Manim by doing videos and such.', 'start': 6578.796, 'duration': 4.121}, {'end': 6584.818, 'text': 'So do as I say, not as I do.', 'start': 6582.957, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 6591.722, 'text': "The original thought I had in making Manom was that there's so many different ways of representing functions other than graphs.", 'start': 6585.718, 'duration': 6.004}, {'end': 6599.388, 'text': 'In particular, things like transformations like use movement over time to communicate relationships between inputs and outputs,', 'start': 6593.043, 'duration': 6.345}, {'end': 6604.331, 'text': 'instead of like X direction and Y direction or like vector fields or things like that.', 'start': 6599.388, 'duration': 4.943}], 'summary': 'Transcript discusses using various graph-oriented tools like desmos and geogebra, highlighting the usefulness and potential of geogebra for certain tasks.', 'duration': 41.199, 'max_score': 6563.132, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU6563132.jpg'}, {'end': 6725.277, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6699.312, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 6705.998, 'text': "So when you're doing computationally intensive things, either you have to like think about it more than you should, how to make it efficient, or that,", 'start': 6699.312, 'duration': 6.686}, {'end': 6706.778, 'text': 'just like, takes long.', 'start': 6705.998, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 6708.48, 'text': 'Do you run into that at all?', 'start': 6706.799, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 6709.381, 'text': 'Like with your work?', 'start': 6708.66, 'duration': 0.721}, {'end': 6717.689, 'text': 'Well, certainly, old Manum is way slower than it needs to be because of how it renders things on the backend.', 'start': 6709.821, 'duration': 7.868}, {'end': 6718.45, 'text': "It's kind of absurd.", 'start': 6717.749, 'duration': 0.701}, {'end': 6725.277, 'text': "I've rewritten things such that it's all done with shaders in such a way that it should be just live and actually interactive.", 'start': 6718.71, 'duration': 6.567}], 'summary': 'Challenges with computational efficiency in rendering, addressed by using shaders for interactive performance.', 'duration': 25.965, 'max_score': 6699.312, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU6699312.jpg'}], 'start': 6362.929, 'title': 'Open source tooling and graph animation', 'summary': 'Delves into challenges of open sourcing tooling, utilizing a python library, integrating with the community, and the significance of animating functions and graphs programmatically using various tools, emphasizing the flexibility of representation and the limitations of using python for computationally intensive tasks.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6545.719, 'start': 6362.929, 'title': 'Challenges in open sourcing and tooling', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges of open sourcing tooling, the use of a python library, and the difficulty of properly integrating with the community.', 'duration': 182.79, 'highlights': ['The challenges of open sourcing tooling and the effort to make it better and more flexible are discussed, highlighting the difficulties faced in integrating with the community.', 'The use of a Python library, Manum, for creating videos and the ongoing evolution of the tooling is mentioned, reflecting the continuous invention of new features.', 'The difficulty of properly integrating with the community and the desire to foster a more supportive community are addressed, emphasizing the need to align with community preferences and engage actively.']}, {'end': 6733.743, 'start': 6545.799, 'title': 'Animating functions and graphs', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of animating functions and graphs programmatically using tools like desmos, graffer, geogebra, and mathematica, emphasizing the flexibility of representing functions and the limitations of using python for computationally intensive tasks.', 'duration': 187.944, 'highlights': ['The importance of animating functions and graphs programmatically Emphasizes the significance of ensuring that animated content is created programmatically and suggests using tools like Desmos, Graffer, Geogebra, and Mathematica for graphical representations.', 'Flexibility of representing functions Discusses the need for flexibility in representing functions beyond graphical environments and the use of movement over time to communicate relationships between inputs and outputs.', 'Limitations of using Python for computationally intensive tasks Highlights the drawbacks of Python, mentioning its slowness in computationally intensive tasks and the need for efficiency in such scenarios.']}], 'duration': 370.814, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU6362929.jpg', 'highlights': ['The importance of animating functions and graphs programmatically Emphasizes the significance of ensuring that animated content is created programmatically and suggests using tools like Desmos, Graffer, Geogebra, and Mathematica for graphical representations.', 'The challenges of open sourcing tooling and the effort to make it better and more flexible are discussed, highlighting the difficulties faced in integrating with the community.', 'The use of a Python library, Manum, for creating videos and the ongoing evolution of the tooling is mentioned, reflecting the continuous invention of new features.', 'Flexibility of representing functions Discusses the need for flexibility in representing functions beyond graphical environments and the use of movement over time to communicate relationships between inputs and outputs.', 'The difficulty of properly integrating with the community and the desire to foster a more supportive community are addressed, emphasizing the need to align with community preferences and engage actively.', 'Limitations of using Python for computationally intensive tasks Highlights the drawbacks of Python, mentioning its slowness in computationally intensive tasks and the need for efficiency in such scenarios.']}, {'end': 7696.263, 'segs': [{'end': 6788.378, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6734.103, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6739.186, 'text': "That's not something that user of a video is gonna get to experience, because there's just a play button and a pause button.", 'start': 6734.103, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 6740.787, 'text': "But while you're developing, that can be nice.", 'start': 6739.286, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 6747.431, 'text': "So it's gotten better in speed in that sense, but that's basically because the hard work is being done in the language that's not Python.", 'start': 6741.967, 'duration': 5.464}, {'end': 6749.352, 'text': 'GLSL right?', 'start': 6748.411, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 6757.121, 'text': "But yeah, there are some times when it's like a, there's just a lot of data that goes into the object that I want to animate.", 'start': 6751.214, 'duration': 5.907}, {'end': 6759.823, 'text': 'that then it, just like Python, is slow.', 'start': 6757.121, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 6765.57, 'text': "Well, let me ask quickly ask what do you think about the Walrus operator, if you're familiar with it at all?", 'start': 6759.844, 'duration': 5.726}, {'end': 6769.771, 'text': "The reason it's interesting there's a new operator in Python 3.8..", 'start': 6765.99, 'duration': 3.781}, {'end': 6775.733, 'text': 'I find it psychologically interesting because the toxicity over it led Guido to resign, to step down from his-.', 'start': 6769.771, 'duration': 5.962}, {'end': 6777.134, 'text': 'Is that actually true, or was it like?', 'start': 6775.733, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 6779.855, 'text': "there's a bunch of surrounding things that also.", 'start': 6777.134, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 6788.378, 'text': 'Was it actually the Walrus operator that- Well, it was an accumulation of toxicity, but that was the most toxic one.', 'start': 6779.855, 'duration': 8.523}], 'summary': "Python's performance improved using glsl. discussion on walrus operator's impact on guido's resignation.", 'duration': 54.275, 'max_score': 6734.103, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU6734103.jpg'}, {'end': 6899.209, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6872.214, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6877.795, 'text': "But let's just all calm down about our spaces versus tabs debates here and be chill.", 'start': 6872.214, 'duration': 5.581}, {'end': 6883.856, 'text': 'To me, it just represents the value of great leadership, even in open-source communities.', 'start': 6878.455, 'duration': 5.401}, {'end': 6888.079, 'text': 'Does it represent that if he stepped down as a leader? Well, he fought for it.', 'start': 6884.076, 'duration': 4.003}, {'end': 6889.04, 'text': 'No, he got it passed.', 'start': 6888.119, 'duration': 0.921}, {'end': 6891.923, 'text': 'I guess, but I guess, sure.', 'start': 6889.781, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 6893.624, 'text': 'It could represent multiple things too.', 'start': 6892.063, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 6899.209, 'text': 'It can represent like failed dictatorships or it could represent a lot of things.', 'start': 6893.984, 'duration': 5.225}], 'summary': 'The value of great leadership in open-source communities can be seen in the successful resolution of debates, exemplified by the spaces versus tabs discussion.', 'duration': 26.995, 'max_score': 6872.214, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU6872214.jpg'}, {'end': 7149.055, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7124.363, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 7132.303, 'text': 'So as far as popularizing science is concerned, The audience should be less interested than they are in theories of everything.', 'start': 7124.363, 'duration': 7.94}, {'end': 7137.486, 'text': 'The popularizers should be less emphatic than they are about that.', 'start': 7132.323, 'duration': 5.163}, {'end': 7143.891, 'text': 'For like actual practicing physicists, it might be the case maybe more people should think about fundamental questions, but.', 'start': 7137.907, 'duration': 5.984}, {'end': 7149.055, 'text': "It's difficult to create like a three blue, one brown video on theory of everything.", 'start': 7144.452, 'duration': 4.603}], 'summary': 'Popularizing science requires less emphasis on theories of everything and more focus on fundamental questions.', 'duration': 24.692, 'max_score': 7124.363, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU7124363.jpg'}, {'end': 7233.093, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7206.48, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 7211.063, 'text': "So it takes a while, but I've talked about this sort of like lattice arithmetic in other contexts.", 'start': 7206.48, 'duration': 4.583}, {'end': 7218.227, 'text': "And you can get to a okay understanding of that And the things that make Fermat's Last Theorem hard are actually quite deep.", 'start': 7211.683, 'duration': 6.544}, {'end': 7228.171, 'text': "And so the cases that we can solve it for, it's like you can get these broad sweeps based on some hard, but like accessible bits of number theory.", 'start': 7219.428, 'duration': 8.743}, {'end': 7233.093, 'text': 'But before you can even understand why the general case is as hard as it is, you have to walk through those.', 'start': 7228.711, 'duration': 4.382}], 'summary': "Understanding fermat's last theorem requires deep number theory and accessible bits for some cases.", 'duration': 26.613, 'max_score': 7206.48, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU7206480.jpg'}, {'end': 7308.077, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7284.194, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 7292.158, 'text': 'is a great example here of young creative mathematician who pushes in the direction of things like the twin prime conjecture rather than hitting that head on.', 'start': 7284.194, 'duration': 7.964}, {'end': 7297.905, 'text': 'just see all the interesting questions that are hard for similar reasons, but become more tractable and let themselves really engage with those.', 'start': 7292.158, 'duration': 5.747}, {'end': 7301.149, 'text': 'So I think people should get in that habit.', 'start': 7299.607, 'duration': 1.542}, {'end': 7308.077, 'text': 'I think the popularization of physics should encourage that habit through things like the physics of simple everyday phenomena,', 'start': 7301.329, 'duration': 6.748}], 'summary': 'Encouraging young mathematicians to tackle challenging questions, like the twin prime conjecture, leads to more tractable problems and engaging with physics of everyday phenomena.', 'duration': 23.883, 'max_score': 7284.194, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU7284194.jpg'}, {'end': 7412.96, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7385.804, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 7392.188, 'text': "And instead I think it'll be like productive to have an actual understanding of something that you can pack into 20 minutes.", 'start': 7385.804, 'duration': 6.384}, {'end': 7394.106, 'text': "I think that's beautifully put.", 'start': 7393.024, 'duration': 1.082}, {'end': 7397.792, 'text': "Ultimately, that's where like the most satisfying thing is when you really understand.", 'start': 7394.126, 'duration': 3.666}, {'end': 7400.816, 'text': 'Yeah, really understand.', 'start': 7397.812, 'duration': 3.004}, {'end': 7404.602, 'text': "Build a habit of feeling what it's like to actually come to resolution.", 'start': 7400.977, 'duration': 3.625}, {'end': 7412.96, 'text': "Yeah as opposed to, which can also be enjoyable, but just being in awe of the fact that you don't understand anything.", 'start': 7404.623, 'duration': 8.337}], 'summary': 'Productive understanding leads to satisfying resolution in 20 minutes.', 'duration': 27.156, 'max_score': 7385.804, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU7385804.jpg'}, {'end': 7570.104, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7540.21, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 7543.852, 'text': 'Interactions with like-minded people, I think, is the meaning of it in that sense.', 'start': 7540.21, 'duration': 3.642}, {'end': 7545.793, 'text': 'Bringing others joy, essentially.', 'start': 7544.192, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 7550.036, 'text': "In something you've created, it connects with others somehow.", 'start': 7546.393, 'duration': 3.643}, {'end': 7552.537, 'text': 'And the same in the vice versa.', 'start': 7550.796, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 7560.797, 'text': "I think that is what, when we use the word meaning to mean like you're sort of filled with a sense of happiness and energy to create more things.", 'start': 7553.611, 'duration': 7.186}, {'end': 7562.979, 'text': 'Like I have so much meaning taken from this.', 'start': 7560.897, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 7566.121, 'text': "Like that, yeah, that's what fuels my pump at least.", 'start': 7563.019, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 7570.104, 'text': 'So life alone on a deserted island would be kind of meaningless.', 'start': 7566.602, 'duration': 3.502}], 'summary': 'Meaningful interactions bring joy and fuel creativity, making life fulfilling.', 'duration': 29.894, 'max_score': 7540.21, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU7540210.jpg'}], 'start': 6734.103, 'title': 'Python development and leadership insights in science', 'summary': 'Discusses performance improvements in python development, such as handling large data and the impact of the walrus operator, as well as insights into open-source leadership, popularizing science, and the meaning of life, emphasizing diverse aspects of science and leadership.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6769.771, 'start': 6734.103, 'title': 'Python development and performance', 'summary': 'Discusses the performance improvements in python development, particularly in relation to handling large amounts of data and the impact of new operators, such as the walrus operator, in python 3.8.', 'duration': 35.668, 'highlights': ['The performance in Python development has improved, particularly in handling large amounts of data, but the hard work is being done in a language other than Python, such as GLSL.', 'The Walrus operator in Python 3.8 is mentioned, indicating discussions about new operators and their impact on development.', 'During development, the play and pause buttons are the only user interface elements visible to the video users, which does not reflect the effort put into improving the performance of Python development.']}, {'end': 7123.803, 'start': 6769.771, 'title': "Guido's resignation and leadership insights", 'summary': "Discusses guido's resignation due to toxicity, the challenges of open-source leadership, and the importance of making decisions despite disagreements in open-source communities and physics world, emphasizing the value of great leadership and the limitations of theories of everything.", 'duration': 354.032, 'highlights': ['The toxicity surrounding the Walrus operator led Guido to resign as the most toxic event among Python core developers, highlighting the challenges of open-source leadership.', 'The importance of making decisions despite disagreements in open-source communities is emphasized, reflecting the value of great leadership even in open-source communities.', 'The chapter also explores the limitations of theories of everything in physics and the significance of focusing on phenomena that are deep yet understandable, rather than pursuing theories of everything.', 'The transcript delves into the challenges faced by leaders in open-source communities, emphasizing the need for quick action and decision-making to avoid paralysis caused by prolonged disagreements.', 'The chapter also touches on the psychological impact of toxicity in open-source communities, highlighting the difficulty and the thick skin required for leadership roles in such environments.']}, {'end': 7246.46, 'start': 7124.363, 'title': 'Popularizing science: finding beauty in accessible concepts', 'summary': "Emphasizes the importance of popularizing science by focusing on accessible concepts like fermat's last theorem for n equals three, as it provides a broad understanding of algebraic number theory and deep insights into the difficulty of the general case.", 'duration': 122.097, 'highlights': ["Fermat's Last Theorem for n equals three provides broad understanding of algebraic number theory and insights into the difficulty of the general case.", 'The core ideas of proving it for n equals three are hard, involving lattice arithmetic and questions about factoring numbers in a complex plane.', 'Popularizing science should focus on accessible concepts to provide productive learning experiences for the audience.', 'Mathologer does a good job of explaining barely accessible concepts, making them understandable for a broader audience.']}, {'end': 7696.263, 'start': 7246.46, 'title': 'Mathematics and meaning of life', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of focusing on tractable problems, the value of understanding concepts deeply, and the meaning of life, emphasizing the significance of interactions and joy in education and mathematics.', 'duration': 449.803, 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the importance of focusing on tractable problems rather than spending brain cycles on unsolvable ones like the twin prime conjecture, citing the example of young mathematician James Maynard. Focusing on problems that will see resolution is important for personal growth, as exemplified by the case of young mathematician James Maynard who made progress towards the twin prime conjecture indirectly.', "It is suggested that popularization of physics should encourage the habit of focusing on tractable problems through the study of simple everyday phenomena, and not to be overwhelmed by complex ideas like Weinstein's or Wolfram's. The popularization of physics should encourage the habit of focusing on simpler, more understandable concepts rather than being overwhelmed by complex ideas, fostering a deeper understanding of fundamental questions.", 'The chapter encourages individuals to build a habit of deeply understanding concepts, even if they are not the most up-to-date progress, as it leads to a more fulfilling learning experience. Building a habit of deeply understanding concepts, even if they are not the most up-to-date, leads to a more fulfilling learning experience and helps in grasping the fundamentals of the subject.', 'The discussion on the meaning of life revolves around the significance of interactions and joy in education and mathematics, suggesting that the meaning of life lies in interactions with others and the joy derived from creating and connecting with others. The meaning of life is perceived to lie in interactions with others and deriving joy from creating and connecting with others, as emphasized in the context of education and mathematics.']}], 'duration': 962.16, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/U_6AYX42gkU/pics/U_6AYX42gkU6734103.jpg', 'highlights': ['The performance in Python development has improved, particularly in handling large amounts of data, but the hard work is being done in a language other than Python, such as GLSL.', 'The Walrus operator in Python 3.8 is mentioned, indicating discussions about new operators and their impact on development.', 'The toxicity surrounding the Walrus operator led Guido to resign as the most toxic event among Python core developers, highlighting the challenges of open-source leadership.', 'The importance of making decisions despite disagreements in open-source communities is emphasized, reflecting the value of great leadership even in open-source communities.', "Fermat's Last Theorem for n equals three provides broad understanding of algebraic number theory and insights into the difficulty of the general case.", 'Popularizing science should focus on accessible concepts to provide productive learning experiences for the audience.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of focusing on tractable problems rather than spending brain cycles on unsolvable ones like the twin prime conjecture, citing the example of young mathematician James Maynard.', 'The popularization of physics should encourage the habit of focusing on simpler, more understandable concepts rather than being overwhelmed by complex ideas, fostering a deeper understanding of fundamental questions.', 'Building a habit of deeply understanding concepts, even if they are not the most up-to-date, leads to a more fulfilling learning experience and helps in grasping the fundamentals of the subject.', 'The discussion on the meaning of life revolves around the significance of interactions and joy in education and mathematics, suggesting that the meaning of life lies in interactions with others and the joy derived from creating and connecting with others.']}], 'highlights': ["Grant Sanderson's 3Blue1Brown YouTube channel educates and inspires millions with the beauty and power of mathematics, influencing educators and curious minds worldwide.", 'The podcast emphasizes the challenge for educators to rethink teaching methods and the nature of education amidst the pandemic, highlighting the potential for more experts to create canonical explainer videos on their respective topics.', 'Masterfully crafted educational content is seen as a beacon of hope amidst the political division, economic pain, and medical toll of the virus.', 'The exponential growth in innovation, challenges of colonizing Mars, and the addictive nature of social media are covered.', "Advice on online class quality enhancement, GPT-3's potential in generating mathematical animations, and Python development and leadership insights in science are explored.", 'Grant Sanderson challenges the public perception of Richard Feynman as a non-math person.', 'The limitations of passive consumption of educational content and the importance of active engagement, such as problem-solving and interactive learning, are discussed.', 'Topological misconceptions and challenges in teaching topology are highlighted.', "Topology's connection to game theory and its relevance to Nash equilibriums and fixed point theorems, as well as its practical applications, are explored.", 'The self-propagating nature of innovation has led to exponential growth, as advancements in one field allow for innovations in another, creating a cycle of progress and improvement.', 'The challenges of colonizing Mars and the influence of national security concerns on scientific progress and productivity are discussed.', 'The addictive nature of social media and the value of enjoying the present are emphasized.', 'Educators can become content creators for more engaging learning experiences.', 'The potential for educators to become content creators for more efficient use of classroom time and resources is emphasized.', 'Producing high-quality educational content can guarantee that the work is seen by a huge number of people, potentially leading to increased interest in niche topics and attracting excellent grad students to academic departments.', 'The individual seeks advice on equipment for filming and audio recording, expressing interest in improving the quality of an online class.', 'The layered structure of neural networks and machine learning allows for qualitatively distinct things happening going from one layer to another, following the same mathematical rule, constituting intelligence through layers of abstraction.', "GPT-3's ability to predict real-world events and its limitations in understanding mathematics and numerical patterns are discussed.", 'The challenges of open sourcing tooling and the effort to make it better and more flexible are discussed, highlighting the difficulties faced in integrating with the community.', 'The use of a Python library, Manum, for creating videos and the ongoing evolution of the tooling is mentioned, reflecting the continuous invention of new features.', 'The performance in Python development has improved, particularly in handling large amounts of data, but the hard work is being done in a language other than Python, such as GLSL.', 'The toxicity surrounding the Walrus operator led Guido to resign as the most toxic event among Python core developers, highlighting the challenges of open-source leadership.', 'The importance of making decisions despite disagreements in open-source communities is emphasized, reflecting the value of great leadership even in open-source communities.', "Fermat's Last Theorem for n equals three provides broad understanding of algebraic number theory and insights into the difficulty of the general case.", 'Popularizing science should focus on accessible concepts to provide productive learning experiences for the audience.', 'The popularization of physics should encourage the habit of focusing on simpler, more understandable concepts rather than being overwhelmed by complex ideas, fostering a deeper understanding of fundamental questions.', 'Building a habit of deeply understanding concepts, even if they are not the most up-to-date, leads to a more fulfilling learning experience and helps in grasping the fundamentals of the subject.', 'The discussion on the meaning of life revolves around the significance of interactions and joy in education and mathematics, suggesting that the meaning of life lies in interactions with others and the joy derived from creating and connecting with others.']}