title
Jeremi Suri: History of American Power | Lex Fridman Podcast #180

description
Jeremi Suri is a historian at UT Austin. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack - Munk Pack: https://munkpack.com and use code LEX to get 20% off - Belcampo: https://belcampo.com/lex and use code LEX to get 20% off first order - Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off - Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Jeremi's Twitter: https://twitter.com/JeremiSuri Jeremi's Website: http://jeremisuri.net This is Democracy Podcast: http://jeremisuri.net/archives/1798 The Impossible Presidency (book): https://amzn.to/2QKC5Jp PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 8:23 - Power of charisma 14:14 - US presidency 25:00 - Aliens 30:06 - Bill Clinton 32:57 - Students of history 37:47 - George Washington 40:34 - Putin 47:16 - FDR 1:02:28 - Henry Kissinger 1:12:21 - Realpolitik 1:24:12 - What is a just war? 1:30:16 - Cold war 1:34:34 - Communism in the United States 1:44:32 - Vaccines and the future of the human species 1:49:47 - Book recommendations 1:51:20 - Learning another language 1:55:47 - Advice for young people 2:02:00 - Grandmother 2:04:53 - Meaning of life SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Jeremi Suri: History of American Power | Lex Fridman Podcast #180', 'heatmap': [], 'summary': "In this podcast, lex fridman converses with historian jeremy suri, exploring american history, leadership, and power dynamics. it delves into abraham lincoln's journey, obama's presidency, the duality of bill clinton, george washington and vladimir putin's leadership, fdr's empathy and global approach, henry kissinger's influence, strategy and realpolitik, challenges in afghanistan, and societal debates, offering diverse perspectives on contemporary decision-making and cultural influences.", 'chapters': [{'end': 73.603, 'segs': [{'end': 25.754, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.049, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 10.042, 'text': 'The following is a conversation with Jeremy Suri, a historian at UT Austin whose research interests and writing are on modern American history,', 'start': 0.049, 'duration': 9.993}, {'end': 14.307, 'text': 'with an eye towards presidents and, in general, individuals who wielded power.', 'start': 10.042, 'duration': 4.265}, {'end': 22.472, 'text': 'Quick mention of our sponsors, Element, Monk Pack, Belcampo, Four Sigmatic, and Eight Sleep.', 'start': 15.228, 'duration': 7.244}, {'end': 25.754, 'text': 'Check them out in the description to support this podcast.', 'start': 23.032, 'duration': 2.722}], 'summary': 'Conversation with historian jeremy suri on modern american history.', 'duration': 25.705, 'max_score': 0.049, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w49.jpg'}, {'end': 76.546, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 51.088, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 57.953, 'text': 'But mostly, I trust the intelligence of you, the listener, to think and to make up your own mind, together with me.', 'start': 51.088, 'duration': 6.865}, {'end': 67.399, 'text': 'I will try to have economists and philosophers on from all points on the multidimensional political spectrum, including the extremes.', 'start': 58.773, 'duration': 8.626}, {'end': 72.102, 'text': 'I will try to both have an open mind and to ask difficult questions when needed.', 'start': 68.059, 'duration': 4.043}, {'end': 73.603, 'text': "I'll make mistakes.", 'start': 72.683, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 76.546, 'text': "Don't shoot this robot at the first sign of failure.", 'start': 74.204, 'duration': 2.342}], 'summary': 'Podcast aims to engage diverse perspectives, encourages critical thinking, and embraces mistakes.', 'duration': 25.458, 'max_score': 51.088, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w51088.jpg'}], 'start': 0.049, 'title': 'Conversation with jeremy suri', 'summary': 'Features a conversation with jeremy suri, a historian at ut austin, discussing modern american history and the importance of seeking understanding over activism, presenting diverse perspectives to the listener.', 'chapters': [{'end': 73.603, 'start': 0.049, 'title': 'Conversation with jeremy suri', 'summary': 'Features a conversation with jeremy suri, a historian at ut austin, discussing modern american history and the importance of seeking understanding over activism, with a focus on presenting diverse perspectives to the listener.', 'duration': 73.554, 'highlights': ['Jeremy Suri, a historian at UT Austin, specializes in modern American history and individuals who wield power, providing valuable insights into the topic of discussion.', 'The conversation emphasizes the importance of seeking understanding over activism, encouraging listeners to think critically and make up their own minds.', 'The host intends to present diverse perspectives by inviting economists and philosophers from all points on the political spectrum, fostering an environment of open-mindedness and critical inquiry.']}], 'duration': 73.554, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w49.jpg', 'highlights': ['Jeremy Suri, a historian at UT Austin, specializes in modern American history and individuals who wield power, providing valuable insights into the topic of discussion.', 'The conversation emphasizes the importance of seeking understanding over activism, encouraging listeners to think critically and make up their own minds.', 'The host intends to present diverse perspectives by inviting economists and philosophers from all points on the political spectrum, fostering an environment of open-mindedness and critical inquiry.']}, {'end': 843.004, 'segs': [{'end': 123.831, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 99.056, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 105.197, 'text': 'And Tolstoy reflected on this himself, actually saying that when he was in the caucuses,', 'start': 99.056, 'duration': 6.141}, {'end': 111.198, 'text': 'he asked these peasants in the caucuses who was the greatest man in the world that they had heard of.', 'start': 105.197, 'duration': 6.001}, {'end': 112.559, 'text': 'And they said Abraham Lincoln.', 'start': 111.478, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 118.244, 'text': 'And why? Well, because he gave voice to people who had no voice before.', 'start': 113.259, 'duration': 4.985}, {'end': 120.527, 'text': 'He turned politics into an art.', 'start': 118.925, 'duration': 1.602}, {'end': 123.831, 'text': 'This is what Tolstoy recounted the peasants in the caucuses telling him.', 'start': 120.687, 'duration': 3.144}], 'summary': 'Tolstoy learned that peasants in the caucuses considered abraham lincoln the greatest man for giving voice to the voiceless and turning politics into an art.', 'duration': 24.775, 'max_score': 99.056, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w99056.jpg'}, {'end': 170.369, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 142.749, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 147.732, 'text': 'And he used the language to help people imagine a different kind of world.', 'start': 142.749, 'duration': 4.983}, {'end': 154.057, 'text': "You see, leaders and presidents are at their best when they're doing more than just manipulating institutions and power,", 'start': 147.752, 'duration': 6.305}, {'end': 156.499, 'text': "when they're helping the people imagine a better world.", 'start': 154.057, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 159.341, 'text': 'And he did that as no other president has.', 'start': 156.539, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 163.266, 'text': 'And you say he gave voice to those who are voiceless.', 'start': 160.424, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 166.367, 'text': 'Who are you talking to about in general?', 'start': 164.066, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 170.369, 'text': 'Is this about African Americans or is this about just the populace in general?', 'start': 166.407, 'duration': 3.962}], 'summary': 'President used language to inspire a better world, giving voice to the voiceless.', 'duration': 27.62, 'max_score': 142.749, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w142749.jpg'}, {'end': 249.212, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 226.368, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 236.273, 'text': 'I think what he represented was the opportunity and that was the word that mattered for him opportunity that came from the ability to raise yourself up,', 'start': 226.368, 'duration': 9.905}, {'end': 240.299, 'text': 'to work hard and to be compensated for your hard work.', 'start': 237.114, 'duration': 3.185}, {'end': 245.447, 'text': 'And this is at the core of the Republican Party of the 19th century, which is the core of capitalism.', 'start': 240.399, 'duration': 5.048}, {'end': 246.749, 'text': "It's not about getting rich.", 'start': 245.927, 'duration': 0.822}, {'end': 249.212, 'text': "It's about getting compensated for your work.", 'start': 247.289, 'duration': 1.923}], 'summary': 'Opportunity and hard work were core values for the republican party of the 19th century, emphasizing fair compensation.', 'duration': 22.844, 'max_score': 226.368, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w226368.jpg'}, {'end': 318.99, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 292.431, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 295.973, 'text': 'He had a hunger to be someone who had control over his life.', 'start': 292.431, 'duration': 3.542}, {'end': 304.478, 'text': 'Freedom for him did not mean the right to do anything you want to do, but it meant the right to be secure from being dependent upon someone else.', 'start': 296.113, 'duration': 8.365}, {'end': 306.18, 'text': 'So independence.', 'start': 305.199, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 311.663, 'text': "He writes in his letters when he's very young that he hated being dependent on his father.", 'start': 306.78, 'duration': 4.883}, {'end': 312.944, 'text': 'He grew up without a mother.', 'start': 311.703, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 318.99, 'text': 'His father was a struggling farmer, and he would write in his letters that his father treated him like a slave on the farm.', 'start': 313.524, 'duration': 5.466}], 'summary': 'Striving for independence, he detested dependency due to his upbringing on a struggling farm.', 'duration': 26.559, 'max_score': 292.431, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w292431.jpg'}, {'end': 577.491, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 555.942, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 565.738, 'text': "What's more important? Your effectiveness to to make a hell of a good speech sort of be in a room with many people.", 'start': 555.942, 'duration': 9.796}, {'end': 567.96, 'text': 'or is it all boiled down to one-on-one??', 'start': 565.738, 'duration': 2.222}, {'end': 571.047, 'text': "Well, I think in a sense it's both.", 'start': 569.346, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 572.248, 'text': 'One needs to do both.', 'start': 571.267, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 575.59, 'text': 'And most politicians, most leaders are better at one or the other.', 'start': 572.328, 'duration': 3.262}, {'end': 577.491, 'text': "It's the rare leader who can do both.", 'start': 575.63, 'duration': 1.861}], 'summary': 'Effectiveness in public speaking vs. one-on-one interaction is important for leaders, with most excelling in one or the other.', 'duration': 21.549, 'max_score': 555.942, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w555942.jpg'}], 'start': 74.204, 'title': "Abraham lincoln's leadership", 'summary': "Discusses abraham lincoln's journey from poverty to presidency, emphasizing his embodiment of the american dream and his mastery of the political game, showcasing his ability to influence others through storytelling and understanding human nature. it also cites tolstoy's account of peasants in the caucuses recognizing lincoln's ability to give voice to the voiceless and transform politics into an art, despite his limited education.", 'chapters': [{'end': 166.367, 'start': 74.204, 'title': 'Abraham lincoln: the greatest president', 'summary': "Discusses abraham lincoln as the greatest american president, citing tolstoy's account of peasants in the caucuses recognizing lincoln's ability to give voice to the voiceless and transform politics into an art, despite his limited education.", 'duration': 92.163, 'highlights': ["Lincoln's ability to give voice to the voiceless and transform politics into an art, as recounted by Tolstoy, resonated with people globally, transcending geographical boundaries.", 'Despite having only two years of education, Lincoln mastered the English language, using it to help people imagine a different kind of world, showcasing his remarkable communication skills.', "Lincoln's impact as a president went beyond manipulating institutions and power, as he excelled in helping people envision a better world, setting him apart from other presidents."]}, {'end': 843.004, 'start': 166.407, 'title': "Abraham lincoln's leadership", 'summary': "Delves into abraham lincoln's journey from poverty to presidency, emphasizing his embodiment of the american dream and his mastery of the political game, showcasing his ability to influence others through storytelling and understanding human nature.", 'duration': 676.597, 'highlights': ["Lincoln's rise from poverty to the presidency exemplifies the American dream, emphasizing the Republican Party's core belief in the opportunity to elevate oneself through hard work and compensation.", "Lincoln's success was fueled by a hunger for independence and control over his life, shaping his disdain for dependence and his desire for freedom and independence.", "Lincoln's mastery of politics was evident in his ability to persuade, anticipate, and strategically plan moves, emphasizing the importance of understanding human nature and utilizing storytelling to influence others.", 'Effective leadership involves excelling in both public speaking and one-on-one interactions, with the ability to tell compelling stories and understand the concerns and problems of others.', 'Leadership effectiveness often stems from a sense of charisma and a quickness of thought, enabling leaders to quickly react and understand human nature to influence others effectively.']}], 'duration': 768.8, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w74204.jpg', 'highlights': ["Lincoln's ability to give voice to the voiceless and transform politics into an art, as recounted by Tolstoy, resonated globally.", "Lincoln's rise from poverty to the presidency exemplifies the American dream, emphasizing the Republican Party's core belief in opportunity through hard work.", "Lincoln's impact as a president went beyond manipulating institutions and power, excelling in helping people envision a better world.", "Lincoln's success was fueled by a hunger for independence and control over his life, shaping his disdain for dependence and his desire for freedom.", 'Effective leadership involves excelling in both public speaking and one-on-one interactions, with the ability to tell compelling stories and understand the concerns and problems of others.']}, {'end': 1855.701, 'segs': [{'end': 956.278, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 930.101, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 934.144, 'text': 'President can use Twitter, if he so chooses, to circumvent all media.', 'start': 930.101, 'duration': 4.043}, {'end': 936.205, 'text': 'That was unthinkable.', 'start': 935.424, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 938.486, 'text': 'Lincoln, in order to get his message across,', 'start': 936.265, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 944.83, 'text': 'often wrote letters to newspapers and waited for the newspaper for Horace Greeley in the New York Tribune to publish his letter.', 'start': 938.486, 'duration': 6.344}, {'end': 946.191, 'text': "That's how he communicated with the public.", 'start': 944.85, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 948.213, 'text': "There weren't even many speaking opportunities.", 'start': 946.211, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 952.235, 'text': "So that's a big change, right? We feel the president in our life much more.", 'start': 948.253, 'duration': 3.982}, {'end': 954.577, 'text': "That's why we talk about him much more.", 'start': 952.295, 'duration': 2.282}, {'end': 956.278, 'text': 'That also creates more of a burden.', 'start': 955.277, 'duration': 1.001}], 'summary': "Presidents can now use twitter to reach the public, a significant change from lincoln's era.", 'duration': 26.177, 'max_score': 930.101, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w930101.jpg'}, {'end': 1008.26, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 960.802, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 967.888, 'text': "You have to be very careful what you do and what you say, and you're judged by a lot of the elements of your behavior that are not policy relevant.", 'start': 960.802, 'duration': 7.086}, {'end': 972.552, 'text': 'In fact, the things we judge most and make most of our decisions on about individuals are often that.', 'start': 967.908, 'duration': 4.644}, {'end': 981.518, 'text': "And then third, the power the president has, it's inhuman actually and this is one of my critiques of how the office has changed.", 'start': 973.372, 'duration': 8.146}, {'end': 984.259, 'text': 'This one person has power on a scale.', 'start': 981.538, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 993.345, 'text': "that's, I think, dangerous in a democracy and certainly something the founders 220 years ago would have had trouble conceiving.", 'start': 984.259, 'duration': 9.086}, {'end': 1000.852, 'text': 'Presidents now have the ability to deliver force across the world to literally assassinate people with a remarkable accuracy.', 'start': 994.446, 'duration': 6.406}, {'end': 1004.316, 'text': "And that's an enormous power that presidents have.", 'start': 1001.973, 'duration': 2.343}, {'end': 1006.518, 'text': 'So your sense?', 'start': 1004.336, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 1008.26, 'text': 'this is not to get conspiratorial,', 'start': 1006.518, 'duration': 1.742}], 'summary': "The president's power and influence have expanded, posing a potential threat to democracy and individual liberties.", 'duration': 47.458, 'max_score': 960.802, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w960802.jpg'}, {'end': 1163.274, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1139.671, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1147.434, 'text': 'I hope we maintain a political discussion about even the modern presidents that view through the lens of history.', 'start': 1139.671, 'duration': 7.763}, {'end': 1151.917, 'text': "I think there's a lot to be learned about the office and about human nature.", 'start': 1147.474, 'duration': 4.443}, {'end': 1159.651, 'text': 'Some people criticize Barack Obama for sort of expanding the military industrial complex.', 'start': 1153.146, 'duration': 6.505}, {'end': 1163.274, 'text': 'engaging in more and more wars, as opposed to sort of.', 'start': 1159.651, 'duration': 3.623}], 'summary': 'Discussion on analyzing modern presidents through historical lens for learning about office and human nature.', 'duration': 23.603, 'max_score': 1139.671, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w1139671.jpg'}, {'end': 1239.968, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1213.045, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1217.309, 'text': 'So a lot of my research is about this exact question, not just with Obama.', 'start': 1213.045, 'duration': 4.264}, {'end': 1224.976, 'text': 'And my conclusion and I think the research is pretty clear on this is that structure has a lot more effect on us than we like to admit,', 'start': 1217.91, 'duration': 7.066}, {'end': 1229.18, 'text': 'which is to say that the circumstances, the institutions around us, drive our behavior.', 'start': 1224.976, 'duration': 4.204}, {'end': 1230.561, 'text': 'more than we like to think.', 'start': 1229.62, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 1232.682, 'text': "So Barack Obama, I'm quite certain,", 'start': 1230.621, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 1239.968, 'text': 'came into the office of the presidency committed to actually reducing the use of military force overseas and reducing presidential war-making power.', 'start': 1232.682, 'duration': 7.286}], 'summary': "Research suggests structure influences behavior, evident in obama's intent to reduce military force.", 'duration': 26.923, 'max_score': 1213.045, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w1213045.jpg'}, {'end': 1491.629, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1462.711, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1466.234, 'text': 'uniquely among many countries with large militaries,', 'start': 1462.711, 'duration': 3.523}, {'end': 1470.497, 'text': 'is very deferential to the president and very restricted in its ability to challenge the president.', 'start': 1466.234, 'duration': 4.263}, {'end': 1473.238, 'text': "So that's a strength of our system.", 'start': 1471.497, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 1477.601, 'text': 'But the way you reform the military is not with individual decisions.', 'start': 1473.819, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 1483.064, 'text': "It's by having a strategic plan that reexamines what role it plays.", 'start': 1477.641, 'duration': 5.423}, {'end': 1485.545, 'text': "So it's not just about whether we're in Afghanistan or not.", 'start': 1483.104, 'duration': 2.441}, {'end': 1491.629, 'text': 'The question we have to ask is, when we look at our toolbox of what we can do in our foreign policy,', 'start': 1485.645, 'duration': 5.984}], 'summary': 'Us military is deferential to the president, strength is in strategic planning for reform.', 'duration': 28.918, 'max_score': 1462.711, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w1462711.jpg'}, {'end': 1619.469, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1574.214, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1581.06, 'text': 'aliens or some kind of cybersecurity stuff against Russia and China, all those kinds of things?', 'start': 1574.214, 'duration': 6.846}, {'end': 1585.944, 'text': 'Is the president really made aware? And if so, how nervous does that make you?', 'start': 1581.46, 'duration': 4.484}, {'end': 1592.183, 'text': "So presidents, like leaders of any complex organizations, don't know everything that goes on.", 'start': 1586.522, 'duration': 5.661}, {'end': 1594.084, 'text': 'They have to ask the right questions.', 'start': 1592.863, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 1595.084, 'text': 'This is Machiavelli.', 'start': 1594.144, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 1600.045, 'text': 'Most important thing a leader has to do is ask the right questions.', 'start': 1595.624, 'duration': 4.421}, {'end': 1601.365, 'text': "You don't have to know the answers.", 'start': 1600.065, 'duration': 1.3}, {'end': 1605.066, 'text': "That's why you hire smart people, but you have to ask the right questions.", 'start': 1601.885, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 1613.688, 'text': 'So if the president asks the US government those who are responsible for the aliens or responsible for the cyber warfare against Russia,', 'start': 1605.446, 'duration': 8.242}, {'end': 1614.668, 'text': 'they will answer honestly.', 'start': 1613.688, 'duration': 0.98}, {'end': 1615.148, 'text': 'they will have to.', 'start': 1614.668, 'duration': 0.48}, {'end': 1619.469, 'text': 'but they will not volunteer that information in all cases.', 'start': 1616.188, 'duration': 3.281}], 'summary': 'Leaders need to ask the right questions for informed decision-making, relying on experts for answers.', 'duration': 45.255, 'max_score': 1574.214, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w1574214.jpg'}, {'end': 1671.114, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1643.294, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 1652.109, 'text': 'everybody is almost afraid to ask the questions for which the answers might be burdensome.', 'start': 1643.294, 'duration': 8.815}, {'end': 1654.438, 'text': "Yes That's right.", 'start': 1652.83, 'duration': 1.608}, {'end': 1657.601, 'text': 'And you can get into a lot of trouble not asking.', 'start': 1655.118, 'duration': 2.483}, {'end': 1659.603, 'text': "It's the old elephant in the room.", 'start': 1657.761, 'duration': 1.842}, {'end': 1661.565, 'text': 'Correct Correct.', 'start': 1660.183, 'duration': 1.382}, {'end': 1664.087, 'text': 'This is exactly right.', 'start': 1663.006, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 1669.493, 'text': 'And too often, mediocre leaders and those who try to protect them try to shield themselves.', 'start': 1664.227, 'duration': 5.266}, {'end': 1671.114, 'text': "They don't want to know certain things.", 'start': 1669.533, 'duration': 1.581}], 'summary': 'Leaders avoid asking tough questions to shield themselves from trouble and mediocrity.', 'duration': 27.82, 'max_score': 1643.294, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w1643294.jpg'}], 'start': 843.004, 'title': 'Presidential power', 'summary': "Discusses the evolution of the presidency, changes in communication, scrutiny, and power, obama's presidency and military power, and the extent of presidential knowledge and control over sensitive information within the us government.", 'chapters': [{'end': 1119.183, 'start': 843.004, 'title': 'Evolution of the presidency', 'summary': "Discusses the evolution of the presidency, highlighting the changes in communication, scrutiny, and power, emphasizing the president's ability to communicate directly with the public and the unprecedented power to deliver force and assassinate individuals.", 'duration': 276.179, 'highlights': ['The office of the presidency has changed incredibly over time, with the president now having the ability to communicate directly with the public through platforms like Twitter, creating a significant impact on public discourse and awareness.', 'Presidents are under intense scrutiny, judged not only on policy but also on non-policy relevant aspects of behavior, placing a substantial burden on their role and shaping public opinion.', 'The unprecedented power of the president, including the ability to deliver force across the world and carry out targeted assassinations with remarkable accuracy, represents a significant shift in the dynamics of the presidency, raising concerns about the scale of power in a democratic system.']}, {'end': 1508.252, 'start': 1119.183, 'title': "Obama's presidency and military power", 'summary': "Discusses the criticism of barack obama's expansion of the military industrial complex, his attempts at reducing military force overseas, the influence of structures on presidential decision-making, and the power dynamics between the president and the military.", 'duration': 389.069, 'highlights': ["The criticism of Barack Obama's expansion of the military industrial complex and engagement in more wars despite initial rhetoric of pulling back, raises questions about the power and responsibility of the presidency. Barack Obama faced criticism for expanding the military industrial complex and engaging in more wars despite initial rhetoric of pulling back, prompting a debate on the power and responsibility of the presidency.", 'The influence of structures on presidential decision-making is emphasized, suggesting that circumstances and institutions drive behavior more than acknowledged, impacting the utilization of military force by the president. The influence of structures on presidential decision-making is emphasized, suggesting that circumstances and institutions drive behavior more than acknowledged, impacting the utilization of military force by the president.', "The power dynamics between the president and the military are discussed, highlighting the president's significant influence in decision-making, particularly in reforming the military through strategic planning. The power dynamics between the president and the military are discussed, highlighting the president's significant influence in decision-making, particularly in reforming the military through strategic planning."]}, {'end': 1855.701, 'start': 1508.392, 'title': 'Presidential power and secrecy', 'summary': "Discusses the extent of presidential knowledge and control over sensitive information within the us government, citing examples of past leaders' lack of awareness and the importance of asking the right questions, with a focus on the potential implications of this on leadership and society.", 'duration': 347.309, 'highlights': ["Presidents, like leaders of any complex organizations, don't know everything that goes on. They have to ask the right questions. This is Machiavelli. Most important thing a leader has to do is ask the right questions. Emphasizes the importance of asking the right questions for leaders to gain insight and control, referencing Machiavelli, highlighting the crucial role of questioning in leadership.", "President Bush at times intentionally did not ask and people around him prevented him from asking or discouraged him from asking questions. This is part of what happened with the use of torture by the United States, which is a war crime. Reveals a significant example of a lack of presidential inquiry, leading to unethical actions, specifically highlighting President Bush's intentional avoidance of asking questions, resulting in the use of torture, framing the consequences of a leader's lack of curiosity.", "It's hard and you can't ask all the right questions and there is a legal hazard if you know things at certain times. But I think you can, back to your point on hiring, you can hire people who will do that in their domains. Acknowledges the difficulty of asking all the right questions and the legal risks associated with possessing certain knowledge, suggesting the employment of individuals who will fulfill the task of inquiring within their respective areas, emphasizing the role of trusted personnel in addressing sensitive issues."]}], 'duration': 1012.697, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w843004.jpg', 'highlights': ["The president's ability to communicate directly with the public through platforms like Twitter has significantly impacted public discourse and awareness.", 'Presidents are under intense scrutiny, judged not only on policy but also on non-policy relevant aspects of behavior, shaping public opinion.', 'The unprecedented power of the president, including the ability to deliver force across the world and carry out targeted assassinations with remarkable accuracy, represents a significant shift in the dynamics of the presidency.', "The criticism of Barack Obama's expansion of the military industrial complex and engagement in more wars despite initial rhetoric of pulling back raises questions about the power and responsibility of the presidency.", 'The influence of structures on presidential decision-making is emphasized, suggesting that circumstances and institutions drive behavior more than acknowledged, impacting the utilization of military force by the president.', "The power dynamics between the president and the military are discussed, highlighting the president's significant influence in decision-making, particularly in reforming the military through strategic planning.", 'Emphasizes the importance of asking the right questions for leaders to gain insight and control, referencing Machiavelli, highlighting the crucial role of questioning in leadership.', "Reveals a significant example of a lack of presidential inquiry, leading to unethical actions, specifically highlighting President Bush's intentional avoidance of asking questions, resulting in the use of torture, framing the consequences of a leader's lack of curiosity.", 'Acknowledges the difficulty of asking all the right questions and the legal risks associated with possessing certain knowledge, suggesting the employment of individuals who will fulfill the task of inquiring within their respective areas, emphasizing the role of trusted personnel in addressing sensitive issues.']}, {'end': 2372.727, 'segs': [{'end': 1884.687, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1856.202, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1862.065, 'text': 'American society, this is not new to our time, is filled with enormous reservoirs of talent and creativity.', 'start': 1856.202, 'duration': 5.863}, {'end': 1864.747, 'text': 'And those have a bright and a dark side.', 'start': 1862.765, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 1866.89, 'text': 'And you see both with Bill Clinton.', 'start': 1865.548, 'duration': 1.342}, {'end': 1870.554, 'text': "In some ways, he's the mirror of the best and worst of our society.", 'start': 1866.93, 'duration': 3.624}, {'end': 1876.08, 'text': "And maybe that's really what presidents are in the end, right? They're mirrors of our world that we get the government we deserve.", 'start': 1870.974, 'duration': 5.106}, {'end': 1877.342, 'text': 'We get the leaders we deserve.', 'start': 1876.2, 'duration': 1.142}, {'end': 1879.663, 'text': 'I wish we embraced that a little bit more.', 'start': 1878.102, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 1884.687, 'text': 'A lot of people criticize Donald Trump for certain human qualities that he has.', 'start': 1880.224, 'duration': 4.463}], 'summary': 'American society reflects talent, creativity, and leadership qualities in presidents, exemplified by bill clinton and criticized in donald trump.', 'duration': 28.485, 'max_score': 1856.202, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w1856202.jpg'}, {'end': 1970.039, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1936.418, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1949.106, 'text': "There's something, um, there is some sense in which we put our president on a pedestal, which actually creates a fake human being.", 'start': 1936.418, 'duration': 12.688}, {'end': 1959.112, 'text': 'The standard we hold them to is forcing the fake politicians to come to power versus the authentic one, which is, in some sense,', 'start': 1949.126, 'duration': 9.986}, {'end': 1965.556, 'text': 'the promise of Donald Trump is a definitive statement of authenticity.', 'start': 1959.112, 'duration': 6.444}, {'end': 1970.039, 'text': "It's like this, the opposite of the fake politician.", 'start': 1966.497, 'duration': 3.542}], 'summary': 'The standard for politicians often leads to fake personas, but donald trump is seen as an authentic alternative.', 'duration': 33.621, 'max_score': 1936.418, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w1936418.jpg'}, {'end': 2141.048, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2107.296, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2109.037, 'text': 'Your decisions are about social change.', 'start': 2107.296, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 2111.499, 'text': "And they can't be answered technically.", 'start': 2109.458, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 2114.422, 'text': 'They can only be answered by studying human beings.', 'start': 2112.02, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 2117.965, 'text': "And what is history? It's studying the laboratory of human behavior.", 'start': 2115.122, 'duration': 2.843}, {'end': 2121.706, 'text': "to sort of play devil's advocate.", 'start': 2119.844, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 2131.417, 'text': 'i kind of, especially in the engineering, scientific domains, i often see history holding us back.', 'start': 2121.706, 'duration': 9.711}, {'end': 2132.698, 'text': 'sort of uh.', 'start': 2131.417, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 2141.048, 'text': 'the way things were done in the past are not necessarily going to hold the key to what uh will progress us into the future.', 'start': 2132.698, 'duration': 8.35}], 'summary': 'Decisions for social change require studying human behavior and history, not just technical answers. history may not always dictate future progress.', 'duration': 33.752, 'max_score': 2107.296, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w2107296.jpg'}, {'end': 2234.168, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2199.995, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2202.158, 'text': "And so what we're studying is change.", 'start': 2199.995, 'duration': 2.163}, {'end': 2207.628, 'text': "And so a historian should never say, We have to do things the way we've done them in the past.", 'start': 2202.198, 'duration': 5.43}, {'end': 2210.971, 'text': "The historian should say, we can't do them the way we did them in the past.", 'start': 2207.668, 'duration': 3.303}, {'end': 2212.552, 'text': "We can't step in the same river twice.", 'start': 2211.011, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 2216.455, 'text': 'Every podcast of yours is different from the last one, right?', 'start': 2213.172, 'duration': 3.283}, {'end': 2219.117, 'text': 'You plan it out and then it goes in its own direction, right?', 'start': 2216.495, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 2222.92, 'text': 'And what are we studying then in history?', 'start': 2220.658, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 2227.283, 'text': "We're studying the patterns of change and we're recognizing we're part of a pattern.", 'start': 2222.96, 'duration': 4.323}, {'end': 2234.168, 'text': "What I would say to the historian who's trying to hold the engineer back, I'd say, no, don't tell that engineer not to do this.", 'start': 2228.144, 'duration': 6.024}], 'summary': 'Studying patterns of change in history, embracing new directions and recognizing our part in the pattern.', 'duration': 34.173, 'max_score': 2199.995, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w2199995.jpg'}], 'start': 1856.202, 'title': 'American leadership and history', 'summary': "Explores the duality of bill clinton as a reflection of american society, discusses america's diversity and the role of history in shaping leaders, and emphasizes the study of change in history and its relevance to contemporary decision-making.", 'chapters': [{'end': 1894.994, 'start': 1856.202, 'title': 'The mirror of presidents', 'summary': "Highlights the duality of bill clinton as a reflection of american society's talents and flaws, emphasizing the importance of embracing the qualities of leaders, such as donald trump and bill clinton.", 'duration': 38.792, 'highlights': ['The importance of embracing the dual nature of leaders like Bill Clinton and Donald Trump, reflecting the best and worst of American society.', 'The notion that presidents serve as mirrors of society, indicating that the government and leaders are a reflection of the populace.', 'The criticism of both Donald Trump and Bill Clinton for certain human qualities, urging society to embrace the chaos and complexities of their leadership.']}, {'end': 2199.334, 'start': 1894.994, 'title': "America's diversity and the role of history", 'summary': "Discusses america's diversity, the flaws and beauty of capitalism, and the role of history in shaping presidents and business leaders, emphasizing the study of human behavior and societal change.", 'duration': 304.34, 'highlights': ["America's diversity and the flaws and beauty of capitalism are discussed. The speaker mentions the mix of diversity in America, the corruption within capitalism, and the beauty of capitalism, highlighting the innovation and the people who start from nothing and create everything.", 'The role of history in shaping presidents and business leaders is emphasized. The discussion emphasizes how past presidents were students of history, and how business leaders eventually become historians, realizing that decisions are about human nature and social change.', 'The difference between history and antiquarianism is explained. The distinction between history and antiquarianism is made, with history defined as the study of change over time, while antiquarianism is described as the desire to capture and hold on to the past.']}, {'end': 2372.727, 'start': 2199.995, 'title': 'Studying change in history', 'summary': "Discusses the study of patterns of change in history, emphasizing the need to use knowledge from the past to inform changes today and the importance of relinquishing power to gain more influence, exemplified by george washington's actions.", 'duration': 172.732, 'highlights': ['Studying the patterns of change in history and recognizing the importance of using knowledge from the past to inform changes today. The discussion revolves around the study of patterns of change in history and emphasizes the need to use knowledge from the past to better inform the changes today.', "Emphasizing the importance of relinquishing power to gain more influence, exemplified by George Washington's actions. George Washington is discussed as a figure who recognized that giving up power can actually result in gaining more influence, as opposed to holding onto it.", "Questioning the nature of power and the significance of creating institutions and structures to prevent the amassing of absolute power. The conversation delves into the nature of power, the need to create institutions and structures to prevent the amassing of absolute power, and the implications of George Washington's actions in this context."]}], 'duration': 516.525, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w1856202.jpg', 'highlights': ['The importance of embracing the dual nature of leaders like Bill Clinton and Donald Trump, reflecting the best and worst of American society.', 'The notion that presidents serve as mirrors of society, indicating that the government and leaders are a reflection of the populace.', 'The criticism of both Donald Trump and Bill Clinton for certain human qualities, urging society to embrace the chaos and complexities of their leadership.', 'The role of history in shaping presidents and business leaders is emphasized. The discussion emphasizes how past presidents were students of history, and how business leaders eventually become historians, realizing that decisions are about human nature and social change.', 'Studying the patterns of change in history and recognizing the importance of using knowledge from the past to inform changes today. The discussion revolves around the study of patterns of change in history and emphasizes the need to use knowledge from the past to better inform the changes today.', "Emphasizing the importance of relinquishing power to gain more influence, exemplified by George Washington's actions. George Washington is discussed as a figure who recognized that giving up power can actually result in gaining more influence, as opposed to holding onto it.", 'The difference between history and antiquarianism is explained. The distinction between history and antiquarianism is made, with history defined as the study of change over time, while antiquarianism is described as the desire to capture and hold on to the past.']}, {'end': 2843.631, 'segs': [{'end': 2576.624, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2546.542, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 2547.423, 'text': "And so that's part of it.", 'start': 2546.542, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 2549.805, 'text': 'The trappings of power are a big deal.', 'start': 2547.443, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 2554.268, 'text': "And then second, in Putin's case in particular, he has to be worried about what happens next.", 'start': 2550.365, 'duration': 3.903}, {'end': 2555.77, 'text': 'Will he be tried??', 'start': 2554.989, 'duration': 0.781}, {'end': 2558.171, 'text': 'Will someone try to come and arrest him??', 'start': 2555.83, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 2559.772, 'text': 'Will someone try to come and assassinate him?', 'start': 2558.211, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 2567.938, 'text': 'Washington recognized that leaving early limited the corruption and limited the enemies that you made.', 'start': 2561.173, 'duration': 6.765}, {'end': 2570.32, 'text': 'And so it was a strategic choice.', 'start': 2568.839, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 2573.082, 'text': 'Putin has at this point been in power too long.', 'start': 2570.8, 'duration': 2.282}, {'end': 2575.403, 'text': 'And this comes back to your core insight.', 'start': 2573.102, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 2576.624, 'text': "It's a cliche, but it's true.", 'start': 2575.443, 'duration': 1.181}], 'summary': "Putin's long grip on power raises concerns about his future and the potential for trials, arrests, or assassinations.", 'duration': 30.082, 'max_score': 2546.542, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w2546542.jpg'}, {'end': 2726.867, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2697.629, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2701.79, 'text': 'He plays less of a day-to-day role and is not running Google in the way he did.', 'start': 2697.629, 'duration': 4.161}, {'end': 2709.915, 'text': "But the interesting thing is he stepped back in a quite tragic way from what I've seen, which is, I think,", 'start': 2701.81, 'duration': 8.105}, {'end': 2718.862, 'text': "Google's mission and initial mission of making the world's information accessible to everybody is one of the most beautiful missions of any company in the history of the world.", 'start': 2709.915, 'duration': 8.947}, {'end': 2726.867, 'text': "I think it's what Google has done with a search engine and, um, and other efforts that are similar, like scanning a lot of books.", 'start': 2718.882, 'duration': 7.985}], 'summary': "Larry page plays less of a day-to-day role at google, but the company's mission of making information accessible to everyone remains impactful.", 'duration': 29.238, 'max_score': 2697.629, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w2697629.jpg'}, {'end': 2770.429, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2742.365, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2746.687, 'text': "maybe practically saying just the size of the company is much larger the kind of leadership that's required.", 'start': 2742.365, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 2755.332, 'text': "But at the same time, they changed the motto from don't be evil to it's becoming corporatized and all those kinds of things.", 'start': 2747.127, 'duration': 8.205}, {'end': 2756.553, 'text': "And it's sad.", 'start': 2755.392, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 2762.008, 'text': 'There also are cycles, right? History is about cycles, right? There are cycles to life.', 'start': 2758.276, 'duration': 3.732}, {'end': 2763.934, 'text': 'There are cycles to organizations.', 'start': 2762.55, 'duration': 1.384}, {'end': 2765.526, 'text': "It's sad.", 'start': 2765.086, 'duration': 0.44}, {'end': 2770.429, 'text': "I mean, it's sad Steve Jobs leaving Apple by passing away, sad.", 'start': 2765.546, 'duration': 4.883}], 'summary': "Larger company size requires different leadership. changes in company motto. mention of cycles and sadness over steve jobs' departure.", 'duration': 28.064, 'max_score': 2742.365, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w2742365.jpg'}], 'start': 2372.787, 'title': 'Leadership and power dynamics', 'summary': "Examines george washington's respected status as a disinterested statesman, contrasting it with contemporary leaders like vladimir putin. it also discusses putin's potential to relinquish power akin to washington, the challenges he faces, and the risk of corruption and loss of humility with prolonged leadership.", 'chapters': [{'end': 2453.534, 'start': 2372.787, 'title': 'Leadership and power dynamics', 'summary': "Discusses george washington's recognition that his power lies in his respected status as a disinterested statesman, evident in his actions as commander of the revolutionary forces and president, which serves as a model for other leaders. it also mentions the contrast with contemporary leaders like vladimir putin.", 'duration': 80.747, 'highlights': ['George Washington recognized that his power lay in his respected status as a disinterested statesman, demonstrated through his actions as commander of the revolutionary forces and president, serving as a model for other leaders, including contemporary ones like Vladimir Putin.', "Washington's decision to give up his command after the revolutionary war and later as president showcased his self-awareness and sophistication in understanding that his power was derived from not craving power, serving as a valuable lesson for leadership.", "Comparison drawn between George Washington's leadership approach and that of contemporary leaders like Vladimir Putin, highlighting the contrast in their understanding and utilization of power dynamics."]}, {'end': 2843.631, 'start': 2454.315, 'title': "Putin's potential legacy", 'summary': "Discusses putin's potential to relinquish power in a manner akin to george washington, the challenges he faces in doing so, and the importance of leaders not holding power for too long, highlighting the risk of corruption and loss of humility.", 'duration': 389.316, 'highlights': ["Putin's potential to relinquish power in a manner akin to George Washington and become one of the great leaders in Russian history is discussed, along with the challenges he faces in doing so. Putin's potential legacy, comparison to George Washington, challenges of relinquishing power", 'The trappings of power and the challenges they pose, including the seduction and corrupting influence of power, are highlighted. Challenges of relinquishing power, seductive nature of power, corrupting influence', 'The risks and concerns associated with Putin relinquishing power, such as worries about potential trials, arrest, or assassination, are discussed. Concerns about potential trials, arrest, and assassination if Putin relinquishes power', 'The importance of leaders not holding power for too long, as it can lead to corruption, loss of humility, and the birth of dictators or counterproductive authoritarian figures, is emphasized. Importance of leaders not holding power for too long, risks associated with long-term power holding, impact on humility and leadership qualities', 'The need for leaders to move on from their positions and the negative consequences of staying in power for too long are discussed, drawing parallels with CEOs and founders of companies. Need for leaders to move on, negative consequences of staying in power too long, parallels with CEOs and company founders']}], 'duration': 470.844, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w2372787.jpg', 'highlights': ["George Washington's respected status as a disinterested statesman served as a model for contemporary leaders like Vladimir Putin.", "Washington's decision to give up his command and presidency showcased his self-awareness and sophistication, serving as a valuable lesson for leadership.", "Comparison drawn between George Washington's leadership approach and that of contemporary leaders like Vladimir Putin, highlighting the contrast in their understanding and utilization of power dynamics.", "Putin's potential to relinquish power in a manner akin to George Washington and become one of the great leaders in Russian history is discussed, along with the challenges he faces in doing so.", 'The trappings of power and the challenges they pose, including the seduction and corrupting influence of power, are highlighted.', 'The risks and concerns associated with Putin relinquishing power, such as worries about potential trials, arrest, or assassination, are discussed.', 'The importance of leaders not holding power for too long, as it can lead to corruption, loss of humility, and the birth of dictators or counterproductive authoritarian figures, is emphasized.', 'The need for leaders to move on from their positions and the negative consequences of staying in power for too long are discussed, drawing parallels with CEOs and founders of companies.']}, {'end': 3710.74, 'segs': [{'end': 3134.006, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3087.988, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3090.25, 'text': 'So that to me is a model of leadership.', 'start': 3087.988, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 3093.392, 'text': "And I think that's as possible today as it's ever been.", 'start': 3090.59, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 3094.613, 'text': "So you think it's possible.", 'start': 3093.552, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 3097.655, 'text': 'Like I was going to ask this again.', 'start': 3094.633, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 3107.889, 'text': 'it may be a very shallow question, but it feels like this country is more divided than it has been in recent history.', 'start': 3097.655, 'duration': 10.234}, {'end': 3115.833, 'text': 'Perhaps the social media and all those kinds of things are merely revealing the division as opposed to creating the division.', 'start': 3108.609, 'duration': 7.224}, {'end': 3125.739, 'text': "But is it possible to have a leader that unites in the same way that FDR did? without, well, we're living through a pandemic.", 'start': 3116.394, 'duration': 9.345}, {'end': 3132.224, 'text': 'This is already- So like I was gonna say without suffering, but this is economic suffering.', 'start': 3126.28, 'duration': 5.944}, {'end': 3134.006, 'text': 'A huge number of people have lost their job.', 'start': 3132.244, 'duration': 1.762}], 'summary': 'Leadership model discussed; country more divided; economic suffering due to pandemic.', 'duration': 46.018, 'max_score': 3087.988, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w3087988.jpg'}, {'end': 3599.967, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3568.732, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3570.234, 'text': "Again, they didn't know quite the scale.", 'start': 3568.732, 'duration': 1.502}, {'end': 3571.555, 'text': 'So they saw this coming.', 'start': 3570.654, 'duration': 0.901}, {'end': 3573.15, 'text': 'They saw this coming.', 'start': 3572.349, 'duration': 0.801}, {'end': 3574.711, 'text': 'FDR had two problems.', 'start': 3573.67, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 3578.353, 'text': 'First, he had an American public that was deeply isolationist.', 'start': 3575.071, 'duration': 3.282}, {'end': 3581.435, 'text': 'The opposite of the problem in a sense that we were talking about before.', 'start': 3578.733, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 3587.199, 'text': "If we're an over-militarized society, now we were a deeply isolationist society in the 1930s.", 'start': 3581.455, 'duration': 5.744}, {'end': 3589.06, 'text': 'The depression reinforced that.', 'start': 3587.219, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 3593.223, 'text': 'FDR actually had to break the law in the late 30s to support the allies.', 'start': 3589.641, 'duration': 3.582}, {'end': 3599.967, 'text': 'So it was very hard to move the country in that direction, especially when he had this program at home,', 'start': 3593.883, 'duration': 6.084}], 'summary': 'Fdr faced challenges due to isolationism and had to break the law to support allies in the late 30s.', 'duration': 31.235, 'max_score': 3568.732, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w3568732.jpg'}], 'start': 2844.531, 'title': "Fdr's leadership and empathy", 'summary': "Delves into franklin roosevelt's outstanding empathy and leadership, showcasing his ability to connect with diverse americans, implement innovative policies during crises, and unite a divided country. it also draws parallels between fdr's leadership and president biden's attempts, emphasizing the significance of empathy and finding the right words, while also discussing fdr's approach to global conflicts and his limitations.", 'chapters': [{'end': 3086.922, 'start': 2844.531, 'title': "Fdr's empathy and leadership", 'summary': "Highlights franklin roosevelt's exceptional empathy and leadership skills, as he connected with diverse americans during economic hardships, implemented innovative policies, and fostered a sense of common mission during crises.", 'duration': 242.391, 'highlights': ["Franklin Roosevelt's genuine ability to connect with diverse Americans during the Great Depression and World War II, fostering a sense of common suffering and mission. FDR's empathy and leadership during the Great Depression and World War II, creating a sense of common suffering and mission among Americans.", "Roosevelt's innovative policies during the New Deal and World War II, which, despite criticism, contained important lessons and had long-lasting effects on American history. The innovative policies implemented by FDR during the New Deal and World War II, despite facing criticism, contained important lessons and had long-lasting effects on American history.", "Roosevelt's approach to addressing the banking crisis, where he refrained from offering simple solutions and instead fostered a sense of common mission among Americans. FDR's approach to the banking crisis, refraining from offering simple solutions and instead fostering a sense of common mission among Americans during a period of economic hardship."]}, {'end': 3710.74, 'start': 3087.988, 'title': "Fdr's leadership and the power of empathy", 'summary': "Explores the potential for a modern leader to unite a divided country, drawing parallels between fdr's leadership and president biden's attempts, highlighting the importance of empathy and finding the right words, while also discussing fdr's approach to global conflicts and his limitations.", 'duration': 622.752, 'highlights': ["President Biden's attempt to unite the country is compared to FDR's leadership, emphasizing the need to empathize with people's suffering and difficulties, and the potential for infrastructure investment to bring people together.", 'The significance of finding the right words and expressing empathy is highlighted as a key challenge for President Biden, with emphasis on the role of a leader in inspiring and elevating people.', "The discussion delves into FDR's approach to global conflicts, acknowledging his limitations in preventing atrocities such as the Holocaust and the internment of Japanese American citizens during World War II.", 'The transcript also touches on the concept of empathy, reflecting on the atrocities in China and the importance of leaders showing empathy towards such situations.', 'The conversation explores the challenges FDR faced in attempting to intervene in global conflicts, including the isolationist sentiment in the US during the 1930s and the lack of allies willing to invest in intervention.']}], 'duration': 866.209, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w2844531.jpg', 'highlights': ["FDR's empathy and leadership during the Great Depression and World War II, creating a sense of common suffering and mission among Americans.", "Roosevelt's innovative policies during the New Deal and World War II, despite criticism, contained important lessons and had long-lasting effects on American history.", "President Biden's attempt to unite the country is compared to FDR's leadership, emphasizing the need to empathize with people's suffering and difficulties, and the potential for infrastructure investment to bring people together.", 'The significance of finding the right words and expressing empathy is highlighted as a key challenge for President Biden, with emphasis on the role of a leader in inspiring and elevating people.', "The discussion delves into FDR's approach to global conflicts, acknowledging his limitations in preventing atrocities such as the Holocaust and the internment of Japanese American citizens during World War II."]}, {'end': 4489.097, 'segs': [{'end': 4000.324, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3960.313, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3961.714, 'text': 'Many people have that cultural knowledge.', 'start': 3960.313, 'duration': 1.401}, {'end': 3966.438, 'text': "And because he's Jewish, they can trust that he'll be anti-Nazi.", 'start': 3962.615, 'duration': 3.823}, {'end': 3969.801, 'text': "And there's a whole group of these figures.", 'start': 3967.819, 'duration': 1.982}, {'end': 3970.882, 'text': "He's one of many.", 'start': 3970.181, 'duration': 0.701}, {'end': 3972.884, 'text': "And so he's in an elite circle.", 'start': 3971.422, 'duration': 1.462}, {'end': 3975.446, 'text': "He's discriminated against in New York.", 'start': 3973.624, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 3978.949, 'text': 'When he goes to Harvard after that, he can only live in a Jewish-only dorm.', 'start': 3975.966, 'duration': 2.983}, {'end': 3982.993, 'text': "But at the same time, he's in an elite policy role in counterintelligence.", 'start': 3979.41, 'duration': 3.583}, {'end': 3983.974, 'text': 'He forms a network there.', 'start': 3983.033, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 3987.236, 'text': 'that stays with him the rest of his uh career.', 'start': 3984.614, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 4000.324, 'text': "uh, there's a gentleman named fritz kramer who becomes a sponsor of his uh in the emerging pentagon defense department world and as early as the early 1950s he sent them to korea to comment on affairs in korea.", 'start': 3987.236, 'duration': 13.088}], 'summary': 'Jewish man faces discrimination, gains elite roles, networks, and influences policy, sent to korea in the 1950s.', 'duration': 40.011, 'max_score': 3960.313, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w3960313.jpg'}, {'end': 4112.287, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4085.109, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4090.776, 'text': "Even though he's Jewish, he's actually the teacher of German classics to the German kids.", 'start': 4085.109, 'duration': 5.667}, {'end': 4091.777, 'text': 'This is great.', 'start': 4091.156, 'duration': 0.621}, {'end': 4095.621, 'text': "And he's forced to flee And he becomes nothing.", 'start': 4092.198, 'duration': 3.423}, {'end': 4099.002, 'text': 'His father never really makes a way for himself in the United States.', 'start': 4095.661, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 4102.104, 'text': 'He becomes a postal delivery person, which is nothing wrong with that.', 'start': 4099.023, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 4109.407, 'text': "But for someone who's a respected teacher in Germany, in Gymnasium, there are like professors there, right? To then be in this position.", 'start': 4102.144, 'duration': 7.263}, {'end': 4112.287, 'text': 'His mother has to open a catering business when they come to New York.', 'start': 4109.447, 'duration': 2.84}], 'summary': 'Jewish teacher forced to flee, becomes postal delivery person in us, mother opens catering business in new york', 'duration': 27.178, 'max_score': 4085.109, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w4085109.jpg'}, {'end': 4158.002, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4123.131, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4127.934, 'text': "And you're saying he does not want to acknowledge the effect of that.", 'start': 4123.131, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 4130.033, 'text': "It's hard, it's hard.", 'start': 4129.174, 'duration': 0.859}, {'end': 4135.216, 'text': "I mean, most of us, if we've had trauma, it's believable that it's traumatic because you don't talk about it.", 'start': 4130.054, 'duration': 5.162}, {'end': 4142.818, 'text': 'I have a friend who interviews combat veterans and he says, as soon as someone freely wants to tell me about their combat trauma,', 'start': 4135.256, 'duration': 7.562}, {'end': 4144.639, 'text': "I suspect that they're not telling me the truth.", 'start': 4142.818, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 4147.259, 'text': "If it's traumatic, it's hard to talk about.", 'start': 4145.399, 'duration': 1.86}, {'end': 4158.002, 'text': "Yeah, sometimes I wonder how much from my own life Everything that I've ever done is just the result of the complicated relationship with my father.", 'start': 4149.04, 'duration': 8.962}], 'summary': "Trauma can be hard to acknowledge and talk about, affecting one's experiences and relationships.", 'duration': 34.871, 'max_score': 4123.131, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w4123131.jpg'}, {'end': 4229.985, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4199.228, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4202.592, 'text': 'from the Cold War, Vietnam War until today.', 'start': 4199.228, 'duration': 3.364}, {'end': 4211.961, 'text': 'what stands out to you as a particularly important moment in his career that made who he is?', 'start': 4202.592, 'duration': 9.369}, {'end': 4224.102, 'text': 'Well, I think what made his career in many ways was his experience in the 1950s building a network,', 'start': 4213.837, 'duration': 10.265}, {'end': 4229.985, 'text': 'a network of people across the world who were rising leaders from unique positions.', 'start': 4224.102, 'duration': 5.883}], 'summary': 'His career was shaped by building a global network of rising leaders in the 1950s.', 'duration': 30.757, 'max_score': 4199.228, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w4199228.jpg'}, {'end': 4329.159, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4300.76, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4304.142, 'text': 'and in korea, american forces were fighting chinese forces directly.', 'start': 4300.76, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 4306.224, 'text': 'chinese forces come over the border.', 'start': 4304.142, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 4309.026, 'text': 'uh, thousands of americans die at the hand of chinese forces.', 'start': 4306.224, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 4312.308, 'text': 'right so for the night long time the united states had no relationship with communist china.', 'start': 4309.026, 'duration': 3.282}, {'end': 4319.572, 'text': 'he opens that relationship and at the same time, uh, he also creates a whole new dynamic in the middle east.', 'start': 4312.308, 'duration': 7.264}, {'end': 4322.374, 'text': 'after the 1973 war, the so-called yom kippur war.', 'start': 4319.572, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 4329.159, 'text': 'he steps in and becomes the leading negotiator between the israelis, the egyptians and other major actors in the region.', 'start': 4322.374, 'duration': 6.785}], 'summary': 'In korea, american forces fought chinese forces directly, with thousands of americans dying. nixon opened relationship with communist china and led negotiations after the 1973 yom kippur war.', 'duration': 28.399, 'max_score': 4300.76, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w4300760.jpg'}], 'start': 3710.74, 'title': "Henry kissinger's influence and life", 'summary': "Explores henry kissinger's influence and significance in shaping us foreign policy, highlighting his rise from a german jewish immigrant to a major figure influencing us foreign policy post-world war ii. it also details his journey from fleeing nazi persecution to shaping us foreign policy and establishing himself as a proponent of realpolitik, notably through his role in the opening to china and negotiations in the middle east.", 'chapters': [{'end': 3911.487, 'start': 3710.74, 'title': "Henry kissinger's influence", 'summary': 'Explores the influence and significance of henry kissinger as a historical figure in shaping us foreign policy, highlighting his rise from a german jewish immigrant to a major figure influencing us foreign policy and the shift in power dynamics in the united states post-world war ii.', 'duration': 200.747, 'highlights': ["Henry Kissinger's rise from a German Jewish immigrant to a major figure influencing US foreign policy at the height of US power. Henry Kissinger's remarkable journey from a German Jewish immigrant to a prominent figure shaping US foreign policy illustrates the significant influence he wielded during a crucial period in US history.", "The shift in power dynamics in the United States post-World War II, allowing cosmopolitan figures like Kissinger to play a pivotal role in international affairs. The emergence of cosmopolitan figures such as Kissinger signaled a shift in power dynamics in the United States post-World War II, enabling individuals with language skills, historical knowledge, and international networks to shape the country's foreign policy.", 'The role of Harvard and other major universities in nurturing individuals for Cold War activities and international affairs. Harvard and other leading universities played a crucial role in training individuals for Cold War activities and international affairs, reflecting a broader societal shift towards embracing individuals with diverse backgrounds and expertise.']}, {'end': 4489.097, 'start': 3911.947, 'title': 'Kissinger: a life of power and influence', 'summary': 'Details the life of henry kissinger, an immigrant who rose to become an influential figure in us policy and international relations, showcasing his journey from fleeing nazi persecution to shaping us foreign policy and establishing himself as a proponent of realpolitik, notably through his role in the opening to china and negotiations in the middle east.', 'duration': 577.15, 'highlights': ["Henry Kissinger's journey from fleeing Nazi persecution as an immigrant to becoming an influential figure in US policy and international relations, notably through his role in the opening to China and negotiations in the Middle East. Immigrant background, influential role in US policy, role in opening to China, negotiations in the Middle East.", "Kissinger's network-building in the 1950s, particularly through the International Seminar at Harvard and his ability to direct US policy and build a relationship with Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, which was previously unthinkable. Network-building, directing US policy, relationship with Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai.", "Kissinger's realpolitik approach focused on manipulating power centers to serve the interests of the United States, which led to criticism from human rights activists due to his emphasis on powerful countries and disregard for less powerful nations. Realpolitik approach, manipulation of power centers, criticism from human rights activists.", "Strategic elements of Kissinger's realpolitik approach, including building webs of connections with allies to acquire resources and control, showcasing the classical approach to leveraging resources and building tight connections with crucial states. Building connections with allies, leveraging resources, classical approach to international relations."]}], 'duration': 778.357, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w3710740.jpg', 'highlights': ["Henry Kissinger's remarkable journey from a German Jewish immigrant to a prominent figure shaping US foreign policy illustrates the significant influence he wielded during a crucial period in US history.", "The emergence of cosmopolitan figures such as Kissinger signaled a shift in power dynamics in the United States post-World War II, enabling individuals with language skills, historical knowledge, and international networks to shape the country's foreign policy.", 'Harvard and other leading universities played a crucial role in training individuals for Cold War activities and international affairs, reflecting a broader societal shift towards embracing individuals with diverse backgrounds and expertise.', "Henry Kissinger's journey from fleeing Nazi persecution as an immigrant to becoming an influential figure in US policy and international relations, notably through his role in the opening to China and negotiations in the Middle East.", "Kissinger's network-building, directing US policy, and relationship with Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai.", 'Realpolitik approach, manipulation of power centers, criticism from human rights activists.', 'Building connections with allies, leveraging resources, classical approach to international relations.']}, {'end': 5286.722, 'segs': [{'end': 4736.399, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4710.741, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4718.706, 'text': "I mean at least that's the sense I've gotten from the stories of the past at least is where would you put Kissinger on that?", 'start': 4710.741, 'duration': 7.965}, {'end': 4721.328, 'text': 'Is he loyalty above all else?', 'start': 4718.926, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 4724.53, 'text': 'Or is it our human?', 'start': 4722.048, 'duration': 2.482}, {'end': 4728.213, 'text': "it's like the Steve Jobs thing is like as long as you're useful, you're useful.", 'start': 4724.53, 'duration': 3.683}, {'end': 4734.777, 'text': "But then once long, the moment you're no longer useful is when you're knocked off the chessboard.", 'start': 4728.273, 'duration': 6.504}, {'end': 4736.399, 'text': "It's the latter with him.", 'start': 4735.578, 'duration': 0.821}], 'summary': 'Kissinger values usefulness over loyalty, as seen in past stories.', 'duration': 25.658, 'max_score': 4710.741, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w4710741.jpg'}, {'end': 4791.002, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4765.993, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4776.605, 'text': 'And we had about 12 or 13 interviews usually and this was many years ago, but this is probably not more than 10 years ago.', 'start': 4765.993, 'duration': 10.612}, {'end': 4780.931, 'text': 'Did you find yourself being like sweet talked?', 'start': 4777.606, 'duration': 3.325}, {'end': 4785.858, 'text': "Like to where you like, go back home later and look in the mirror and it's like wait, what just happened?", 'start': 4781.431, 'duration': 4.427}, {'end': 4791.002, 'text': 'He can be enormously charming and enormously obnoxious at the same time.', 'start': 4786.557, 'duration': 4.445}], 'summary': 'Around 12-13 interviews conducted, some 10 years ago, with experiences of being sweet-talked and encountering both charm and obnoxious behavior.', 'duration': 25.009, 'max_score': 4765.993, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w4765993.jpg'}, {'end': 4846.801, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4813.764, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4815.586, 'text': "But he is very defensive and he's very fragile about it.", 'start': 4813.764, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 4817.247, 'text': 'He does not like criticisms at all.', 'start': 4815.606, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 4818.688, 'text': 'He used to.', 'start': 4817.688, 'duration': 1}, {'end': 4822.432, 'text': "he hasn't done this in a while, but he used to call me up and yell at me on the phone,", 'start': 4818.688, 'duration': 3.744}, {'end': 4828.177, 'text': 'quite literally when I would be quoted in the New York Times or somewhere saying something that sounded critical of him.', 'start': 4822.432, 'duration': 5.745}, {'end': 4829.417, 'text': 'So, for instance,', 'start': 4828.777, 'duration': 0.64}, {'end': 4841.02, 'text': 'there was one instance a number of years ago where a reporter came across some documents where Kissinger said negative things about Jews in Russia typical things that a German Jew would say about East European Jews.', 'start': 4829.417, 'duration': 11.603}, {'end': 4846.801, 'text': 'And the New York Times asked me, is this accurate? And I said, yeah, the documents are accurate.', 'start': 4841.8, 'duration': 5.001}], 'summary': 'Subject is defensive and fragile, reacts aggressively to criticism, including yelling on the phone when quoted in the new york times.', 'duration': 33.037, 'max_score': 4813.764, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w4813764.jpg'}], 'start': 4489.097, 'title': "Kissinger's strategy and realpolitik", 'summary': "Explores henry kissinger's strategy of negotiation and containment, his personalistic relationship building, and the ethical dilemma of power through the lens of realpolitik, emphasizing the need to balance realism with idealism.", 'chapters': [{'end': 4849.521, 'start': 4489.097, 'title': "Kissinger's strategy and relationship building", 'summary': "Discusses henry kissinger's strategy of limiting the power of adversaries through negotiation and containment, as well as his personalistic approach to building relationships, despite being defensive and fragile about criticisms, and his skill in manipulating powerful people.", 'duration': 360.424, 'highlights': ["Kissinger's strategy involved negotiating with Soviet and Chinese leaders to limit the nuclear arms race, maintaining American superiority, and utilizing military force as a means to further access to resources and limit the powers of adversaries.", "Kissinger's personalistic approach to building relationships involved 'kissing up' to leaders like Leonid Brezhnev and Mao, feeding their egos, and creating a mutual dependency through performance and ego, despite being self-serving and backstabbing.", 'Kissinger is skilled in manipulating powerful people, convincing them that decisions are theirs when they are actually his, and is defensive and fragile about criticisms, even resorting to yelling at the author for making critical comments in the media.']}, {'end': 5286.722, 'start': 4849.541, 'title': "Kissinger's realpolitik and the ethical dilemma of power", 'summary': "Delves into the ethical dilemma of power through the lens of henry kissinger's realpolitik, emphasizing the importance of staying true to one's ideals and evaluating the proportional use of power in conducting war, ultimately highlighting the potential consequences of misusing power in war and the need to balance realism with idealism.", 'duration': 437.181, 'highlights': ["The importance of staying true to one's ideals and evaluating the proportional use of power in conducting war, emphasized in the context of Henry Kissinger's realpolitik.", 'The potential consequences of misusing power in war and the need to balance realism with idealism, drawing from historical examples and ethical considerations.', 'The challenge of navigating the ethical dilemmas of power, using the analogy of parenting to illustrate the complexity of decision-making in international affairs.', 'The notion of a just war, where the purpose is just and the means used kill as few people as necessary, highlighting the ethical considerations in military policy and conducting war.', 'The significance of remembering the purpose and evaluating the proportional means used in war, with a focus on the potential negative impact of actions in the war on terror.']}], 'duration': 797.625, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w4489097.jpg', 'highlights': ["Kissinger's strategy involved negotiating with Soviet and Chinese leaders to limit the nuclear arms race, maintaining American superiority, and utilizing military force as a means to further access to resources and limit the powers of adversaries.", "The importance of staying true to one's ideals and evaluating the proportional use of power in conducting war, emphasized in the context of Henry Kissinger's realpolitik.", 'The challenge of navigating the ethical dilemmas of power, using the analogy of parenting to illustrate the complexity of decision-making in international affairs.', 'The notion of a just war, where the purpose is just and the means used kill as few people as necessary, highlighting the ethical considerations in military policy and conducting war.']}, {'end': 5727.398, 'segs': [{'end': 5351.742, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5305.575, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5312.121, 'text': 'And in Afghanistan, you look at the 20 years and two plus trillion dollars that the US has put in.', 'start': 5305.575, 'duration': 6.546}, {'end': 5317.386, 'text': "And the fact that, as you said correctly, it's not doing well right now after 20 years of that investment.", 'start': 5312.802, 'duration': 4.584}, {'end': 5326.031, 'text': "I might like a company that I invest in, but after 20 years of my throwing money in that company, You know, it's time to get out.", 'start': 5319.128, 'duration': 6.903}, {'end': 5331.273, 'text': "Well, in some sense, getting out now is, that's kind of obvious.", 'start': 5326.291, 'duration': 4.982}, {'end': 5337.795, 'text': "I'm more interested in how we figure out in the future how to get out earlier than I mean at this point.", 'start': 5331.593, 'duration': 6.202}, {'end': 5339.336, 'text': "we stayed too long and it's obvious.", 'start': 5337.795, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 5342.937, 'text': 'the data, the investment, nothing is working, you know.', 'start': 5339.336, 'duration': 3.601}, {'end': 5347.519, 'text': 'The very little data points to us staying there.', 'start': 5343.997, 'duration': 3.522}, {'end': 5351.742, 'text': "I'm more interested in being in a relation.", 'start': 5347.619, 'duration': 4.123}], 'summary': 'After 20 years and two trillion dollars, afghanistan investment failed, prompting need for early exit.', 'duration': 46.167, 'max_score': 5305.575, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w5305575.jpg'}, {'end': 5421.517, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5388.026, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5389.907, 'text': 'This is actually just a scientific method element.', 'start': 5388.026, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 5390.387, 'text': 'actually, right?', 'start': 5389.907, 'duration': 0.48}, {'end': 5391.467, 'text': "That we can't.", 'start': 5390.727, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 5392.848, 'text': 'the Heisenberg principle?', 'start': 5391.467, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 5394.488, 'text': "I can't see it because I'm too close to it.", 'start': 5392.848, 'duration': 1.64}, {'end': 5396.729, 'text': "I'm changing it by my looking at it right?", 'start': 5394.568, 'duration': 2.161}, {'end': 5400.53, 'text': 'I need others to tell me in a policymaking context.', 'start': 5397.269, 'duration': 3.261}, {'end': 5403.87, 'text': 'this is why you need to hear from other people, not just the generals.', 'start': 5400.53, 'duration': 3.34}, {'end': 5410.472, 'text': "Because here's the thing about the generals, they generally are patriotic, hardworking people, but they're too close.", 'start': 5403.93, 'duration': 6.542}, {'end': 5412.192, 'text': "They're not lying.", 'start': 5411.452, 'duration': 0.74}, {'end': 5412.813, 'text': "They're too close.", 'start': 5412.252, 'duration': 0.561}, {'end': 5414.093, 'text': 'They always think they can do better.', 'start': 5412.833, 'duration': 1.26}, {'end': 5421.517, 'text': 'How do you think about the Cold War now, from the beginning to end?', 'start': 5417.256, 'duration': 4.261}], 'summary': "The importance of gaining perspective in policymaking is highlighted, emphasizing the limitations of being too close to a situation and the need to consider others' viewpoints.", 'duration': 33.491, 'max_score': 5388.026, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w5388026.jpg'}, {'end': 5625.833, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5581.831, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 5587.914, 'text': 'Gorbachev thought he was going to reform the Soviet Union, so you would go back to a kind of Bukhar and Lenin communism, right?', 'start': 5581.831, 'duration': 6.083}, {'end': 5590.255, 'text': 'So I do think that mattered.', 'start': 5588.374, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 5591.616, 'text': 'I do think that mattered enormously.', 'start': 5590.435, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 5592.857, 'text': 'And for the United States point of view,', 'start': 5591.636, 'duration': 1.221}, {'end': 5602.302, 'text': 'The view was that communism and fascism were these totalitarian threats to liberal democracy and capitalism which went hand in hand.', 'start': 5593.897, 'duration': 8.405}, {'end': 5604.483, 'text': "So I do think that's what the struggle was about.", 'start': 5602.762, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 5610.846, 'text': 'And in a certain way, liberal capitalism proved to be the more enduring system and the United States played a key role in that.', 'start': 5604.523, 'duration': 6.323}, {'end': 5613.007, 'text': "That's the reality of the Cold War.", 'start': 5610.986, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 5617.289, 'text': 'but I think it means different things now to my students and others.', 'start': 5613.587, 'duration': 3.702}, {'end': 5625.833, 'text': 'They focus very much on the expansion of American power and the challenges of managing.', 'start': 5618.209, 'duration': 7.624}], 'summary': "Gorbachev's attempt to reform ussr, us role in cold war, and enduring liberal capitalism.", 'duration': 44.002, 'max_score': 5581.831, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w5581831.jpg'}], 'start': 5287.183, 'title': 'Challenges in afghanistan and the relevance of the cold war', 'summary': 'Discusses challenges of us investment in afghanistan, emphasizing the need for honest evaluation and timely decision-making. it also delves into the relevance of the cold war and communism to current and future geopolitical conflicts, emphasizing the importance of learning from historical lessons and understanding differing perspectives, particularly among younger generations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5388.006, 'start': 5287.183, 'title': 'Challenges of policymaking in afghanistan', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges of us investment in afghanistan, emphasizing the need for honest evaluation and timely decision-making based on evidence, with a comparison to ending a relationship before it deteriorates.', 'duration': 100.823, 'highlights': ['Policymaking in Afghanistan needs honest evaluation of whether efforts are making things better or worse, analogous to evaluating a relationship, and seeking feedback from observers.', 'The US invested two plus trillion dollars in Afghanistan over 20 years, yet the situation is not improving, highlighting the need for timely decision-making based on evidence.', "Comparing US investment in Afghanistan to investing in a company, emphasizing the importance of knowing when to 'get out' after prolonged investment, based on the lack of positive outcomes.", 'Emphasizing the need for policymakers to assess the effectiveness of their efforts in making things better or worse, and the difficulty in making timely decisions to end a relationship or policymaking in a challenging context like Afghanistan.']}, {'end': 5727.398, 'start': 5388.026, 'title': 'Understanding the cold war', 'summary': 'Discusses the relevance of the cold war and communism to current and future geopolitical conflicts, emphasizing the importance of learning from historical lessons and understanding differing perspectives, particularly among younger generations.', 'duration': 339.372, 'highlights': ["The Cold War is ancient history to today's undergraduates, shaping their perspective on global conflicts, with the collapse of the Soviet Union being distant and largely immaterial. Today's undergraduates perceive the Cold War as ancient history, with the collapse of the Soviet Union being inconsequential, shaping their outlook on global conflicts.", 'The Cold War fundamentally pitted the United States against communism, defending a capitalist world order against a serious challenger from communism, an alternative way of organizing society. The Cold War was fundamentally a struggle between the United States defending a capitalist world order against communism, representing a clash of two distinct systems.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of learning from historical lessons and understanding differing perspectives, particularly among younger generations, to avoid repeating past mistakes. The chapter underscores the significance of learning from historical lessons and understanding differing perspectives, particularly among younger generations, to prevent the repetition of past mistakes.']}], 'duration': 440.215, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w5287183.jpg', 'highlights': ['Policymaking in Afghanistan needs honest evaluation of whether efforts are making things better or worse, analogous to evaluating a relationship, and seeking feedback from observers.', 'The US invested two plus trillion dollars in Afghanistan over 20 years, yet the situation is not improving, highlighting the need for timely decision-making based on evidence.', "Comparing US investment in Afghanistan to investing in a company, emphasizing the importance of knowing when to 'get out' after prolonged investment, based on the lack of positive outcomes.", 'Emphasizing the need for policymakers to assess the effectiveness of their efforts in making things better or worse, and the difficulty in making timely decisions to end a relationship or policymaking in a challenging context like Afghanistan.', 'The Cold War fundamentally pitted the United States against communism, defending a capitalist world order against a serious challenger from communism, an alternative way of organizing society.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of learning from historical lessons and understanding differing perspectives, particularly among younger generations, to avoid repeating past mistakes.', "Today's undergraduates perceive the Cold War as ancient history, with the collapse of the Soviet Union being inconsequential, shaping their outlook on global conflicts."]}, {'end': 7718.464, 'segs': [{'end': 5866.89, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5846.975, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 5858.203, 'text': 'During the Cold War there was the presumption in the United States that you had to pay taxes to support our Cold War activities,', 'start': 5846.975, 'duration': 11.228}, {'end': 5862.687, 'text': 'that it was okay to make money, but the more money you made, the more taxes you had to pay.', 'start': 5858.203, 'duration': 4.484}, {'end': 5866.89, 'text': 'We had the highest marginal tax rates in our history during the Cold War.', 'start': 5863.827, 'duration': 3.063}], 'summary': 'Highest marginal tax rates in us history during cold war.', 'duration': 19.915, 'max_score': 5846.975, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w5846975.jpg'}, {'end': 5930.591, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5901.806, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 5912.473, 'text': 'what you think is right and wrong is actually different than the core thing that is in your blood, the core ideas that are there.', 'start': 5901.806, 'duration': 10.667}, {'end': 5916.456, 'text': 'I do see the United States as this.', 'start': 5914.114, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 5930.591, 'text': "there's this fire that burns of individual freedoms, of property rights, these basic foundational ideas that everybody just kind of takes for granted.", 'start': 5916.456, 'duration': 14.135}], 'summary': 'Us embodies fire of individual freedoms, property rights, foundational ideas.', 'duration': 28.785, 'max_score': 5901.806, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w5901806.jpg'}, {'end': 6217.919, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6186.738, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6190.581, 'text': 'Yeah, I mean, guns have this complicated issue that it can cause harm to others.', 'start': 6186.738, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 6200.109, 'text': 'I tend to see sort of maybe in drug, like legalization of drugs, I tend to believe that we should have the freedom to do stupid things.', 'start': 6191.182, 'duration': 8.927}, {'end': 6203.351, 'text': "Yeah So long as we're not harming lots of other people.", 'start': 6200.609, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 6206.634, 'text': 'Yes And then guns, of course, have the property that they can be used.', 'start': 6203.451, 'duration': 3.183}, {'end': 6207.615, 'text': "It's not just the..", 'start': 6206.974, 'duration': 0.641}, {'end': 6212.837, 'text': 'A bazooka, I would argue, is pretty stupid to own for your own self-defense,', 'start': 6208.535, 'duration': 4.302}, {'end': 6217.919, 'text': 'but it has the very negative side effect of being potentially used to harm other people.', 'start': 6212.837, 'duration': 5.082}], 'summary': 'Guns can cause harm, like drugs, freedom for stupid actions, but not harming many others.', 'duration': 31.181, 'max_score': 6186.738, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w6186738.jpg'}, {'end': 6350.015, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6327.461, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 6335.366, 'text': 'that this will be seen as that origin moment, that when we went from playing below the rim to playing above the rim right? To be all in person,', 'start': 6327.461, 'duration': 7.905}, {'end': 6336.967, 'text': 'to having a whole virtual world.', 'start': 6335.366, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 6343.211, 'text': 'And in a strange way, the pandemic was a provocation to move even further in that direction.', 'start': 6337.347, 'duration': 5.864}, {'end': 6344.312, 'text': "And we're never going back right?", 'start': 6343.231, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 6350.015, 'text': "We're gonna restore some of the things we were doing before the pandemic, but we're never gonna go back to that world we were in before, where,", 'start': 6344.932, 'duration': 5.083}], 'summary': 'Pandemic prompted shift to virtual world, from playing below to above the rim.', 'duration': 22.554, 'max_score': 6327.461, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w6327461.jpg'}, {'end': 6606.835, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6575.795, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 6577.877, 'text': 'And then after the 70s, we sort of gave up on it.', 'start': 6575.795, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 6581.699, 'text': "And thanks to Elon Musk and others, we're coming back to this issue.", 'start': 6578.337, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 6586.182, 'text': "And I think there's so much to be gained from the power of exploration.", 'start': 6581.779, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 6593.947, 'text': 'Is there books or movies in your life long ago or recently that had a big impact on you? Yes.', 'start': 6587.663, 'duration': 6.284}, {'end': 6599.591, 'text': 'Yes You know, my favorite novel, I always tell people this, I love reading novels.', 'start': 6594.468, 'duration': 5.123}, {'end': 6606.835, 'text': "I'm a historian and I think the historian and the novelist are actually, and the technology innovator are all actually one in the same.", 'start': 6599.631, 'duration': 7.204}], 'summary': 'Reviving interest in space exploration, driven by elon musk, promises gains. novels impact historian and innovator alike.', 'duration': 31.04, 'max_score': 6575.795, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w6575795.jpg'}, {'end': 6755.022, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6719.129, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 6719.99, 'text': 'they were Yiddish speakers.', 'start': 6719.129, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 6726.834, 'text': "So there's no one really in my family who speaks Russian, but I do feel a connection there, at least a long-range personal connection.", 'start': 6720.03, 'duration': 6.804}, {'end': 6737.309, 'text': 'Is there something to be said about the language and your ability to imagine history? Sort of, when you study these different countries,', 'start': 6727.324, 'duration': 9.985}, {'end': 6743.872, 'text': 'your ability to imagine what it was like, to be a part of that culture, part of that time?', 'start': 6737.309, 'duration': 6.563}, {'end': 6747.535, 'text': 'Yes, language is crucial to understanding a culture.', 'start': 6744.673, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 6755.022, 'text': "And even if you learn the language, as I have learning Russian and German and French, it's still not the same as also being a native speaker either,", 'start': 6747.756, 'duration': 7.266}], 'summary': 'Language is crucial to understanding a culture; personal connection to russian despite non-family yiddish speakers.', 'duration': 35.893, 'max_score': 6719.129, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w6719129.jpg'}, {'end': 6869.427, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6828.077, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6829.137, 'text': "We don't.", 'start': 6828.077, 'duration': 1.06}, {'end': 6838.641, 'text': "the language provides that in the English language there's fewer tools to show that kind of respect which has potentially positive or negative effects on it.", 'start': 6829.137, 'duration': 9.504}, {'end': 6846.604, 'text': 'flattens the society where, like a teenager, could talk to an older person and show like a deference, I mean,', 'start': 6838.641, 'duration': 7.963}, {'end': 6852.279, 'text': 'but At the same time I mean it creates a certain kind of dynamic, a certain kind of society.', 'start': 6846.604, 'duration': 5.675}, {'end': 6858.502, 'text': "And it's funny to think of just like those few words can have like a ripple effect through the whole culture.", 'start': 6852.839, 'duration': 5.663}, {'end': 6861.763, 'text': "And we don't have a history in the United States of aristocracy.", 'start': 6858.682, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 6865.725, 'text': 'These elements of language reflect aristocracy.', 'start': 6862.864, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 6869.427, 'text': 'The serf would never refer to the master, even if the master is younger.', 'start': 6865.785, 'duration': 3.642}], 'summary': 'Language impacts societal dynamics and reflects lack of aristocracy in the united states.', 'duration': 41.35, 'max_score': 6828.077, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w6828077.jpg'}, {'end': 6935.369, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6908.246, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6913.589, 'text': 'This is the first thing you realize, right? We can say, you know, these two words mean the same thing from two languages, they never mean exactly.', 'start': 6908.246, 'duration': 5.343}, {'end': 6915.07, 'text': 'The same thing.', 'start': 6914.609, 'duration': 0.461}, {'end': 6917.132, 'text': 'Dosvidanya is really not goodbye.', 'start': 6915.21, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 6923.998, 'text': "Right? And there's something, you know, right now there's people talking about idea of lived experience.", 'start': 6917.912, 'duration': 6.086}, {'end': 6930.064, 'text': 'One of the ways to force yourself into this idea of lived experience is by learning another language.', 'start': 6924.559, 'duration': 5.505}, {'end': 6935.369, 'text': "It's to understand that you can perceive the world in a totally different way, even though you're perceiving the same thing.", 'start': 6930.164, 'duration': 5.205}], 'summary': 'Learning another language can provide a new perspective on the world.', 'duration': 27.123, 'max_score': 6908.246, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w6908246.jpg'}, {'end': 7465.942, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7432.879, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 7435.261, 'text': "I've come to believe that people see authenticity.", 'start': 7432.879, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 7437.303, 'text': "They see when you're full of shit, when you're not.", 'start': 7435.301, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 7437.803, 'text': "That's right.", 'start': 7437.483, 'duration': 0.32}, {'end': 7443.987, 'text': "The other thing that Emily taught me, and I think we've all had relatives who have taught us this, that you could be very uneducated.", 'start': 7438.143, 'duration': 5.844}, {'end': 7445.128, 'text': 'She was very uneducated.', 'start': 7444.027, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 7452.093, 'text': 'She had a high school diploma, but I think she was working in a delicatessen in New York while she was in high school,', 'start': 7445.168, 'duration': 6.925}, {'end': 7453.394, 'text': 'or maybe it was at Gimbels or somebody.', 'start': 7452.093, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 7454.855, 'text': "So she probably didn't take high school very seriously.", 'start': 7453.414, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 7455.795, 'text': "She wasn't very well educated.", 'start': 7454.875, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 7456.596, 'text': 'She was very smart.', 'start': 7456.036, 'duration': 0.56}, {'end': 7465.942, 'text': "And we can fall into a world where and I'm a big believer in higher education and getting a PhD and things of that sort but where we think those are the only smart people.", 'start': 7457.537, 'duration': 8.405}], 'summary': "Authenticity speaks volumes; education doesn't define intelligence.", 'duration': 33.063, 'max_score': 7432.879, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w7432879.jpg'}], 'start': 5727.858, 'title': 'Various societal debates and cultural influences', 'summary': "Delves into debates on social democracy and capitalism, american individualism and gun ownership, the post-pandemic world and biotechnological advancements, tolstoy's influence on language and culture, as well as the significance of passion, excellence, and networks in career success, providing insights on diverse societal perspectives and cultural influences.", 'chapters': [{'end': 5949.948, 'start': 5727.858, 'title': 'Debate on social democracy and capitalism', 'summary': "Discusses the compatibility of social democracy with capitalism, highlighting the historical elements of the united states' economic system, the misconception of communism among americans, and the evolution of capitalism from the cold war era to the present.", 'duration': 222.09, 'highlights': ["The United States' economic system is rooted in private property ownership, making it fundamentally different from communism, even for those on the farthest left. Americans are raised in an environment of private property ownership, which contradicts the principles of communism. Even the farthest left individuals in the US do not understand or align with communism.", 'The debate surrounds the level of social democracy that is compatible with capitalism and the evolution of capitalism from the Cold War era to the present, including the shift in tax policies and deficit spending. The discussion revolves around the compatibility of social democracy with capitalism and the need to reform the current capitalist system. There has been an evolution in tax policies and deficit spending from the Cold War era to the present, impacting the perception of capitalism.', "The historical elements of the United States' economic system, such as the New Deal and investment in infrastructure, schools, and social support, contributed to the victory in the Cold War. Historical elements like the New Deal and substantial government investments in infrastructure and social support played a role in the United States' victory in the Cold War."]}, {'end': 6344.312, 'start': 5950.769, 'title': 'American individualism and gun ownership', 'summary': 'Discusses the core value of individualism in america, the philosophical significance of gun ownership, and the implications of individualism on societal violence and gun control, emphasizing the need for a nuanced approach to self-defense and the impact of rapid technological innovation.', 'duration': 393.543, 'highlights': ['The core value of individualism in America is discussed, emphasizing its influence on societal behavior and the potential for atrocities, in contrast to the Soviet Union. comparison of societal behavior between America and the Soviet Union', 'The philosophical significance of gun ownership in America, reflecting a declaration of individual rights and the distinction between American and Russian perspectives on individual freedom. comparison of perspectives on individual freedom between America and Russia', 'The implications of American individualism on societal violence and gun control are explored, highlighting the need for a nuanced approach to defining self-defense and the impact of rapid technological innovation on human civilization. discussion on the impact of individualism on societal violence and gun control, and the influence of technological innovation']}, {'end': 6660.952, 'start': 6344.932, 'title': 'Post-pandemic world and biotechnological advancements', 'summary': 'Discusses the lasting impact of the pandemic, emphasizing the shift to virtual interactions, the rapid development and distribution of vaccines, the politicization of science, the potential for environmental improvement, and the anticipation of future innovations in biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and space exploration.', 'duration': 316.02, 'highlights': ['The rapid development and distribution of vaccines is highlighted as a great triumph, despite politicization and issues with vaccine uptake, showcasing a significant improvement compared to previous pandemics. Rapid development and distribution of vaccines, politicization and issues with vaccine uptake', 'The discussion on the potential for environmental improvement and the anticipation of a better age or renaissance reflects optimism and a commitment to sustaining the environment in future decades. Optimism for environmental improvement and commitment to sustainability', 'The excitement about future innovations in biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and space exploration demonstrates a focus on the positive impact of technological advancements and exploration. Anticipation of future innovations in biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and space exploration']}, {'end': 6968.525, 'start': 6661.032, 'title': "Tolstoy's influence on language and culture", 'summary': "Discusses the influence of tolstoy's work on challenging notions of power, the importance of language in understanding culture, and the impact of learning foreign languages on empathy and perception.", 'duration': 307.493, 'highlights': ['Tolstoy challenges the notion of power, emphasizing contingency and circumstance over control. Tolstoy challenges the notion that a Napoleon can rule the world, highlighting the role of contingency and circumstance.', 'Language is crucial to understanding culture and reflects societal norms and history. Language provides insights into mannerisms, assumptions, and societal structures, reflecting the culture and history of a society.', 'Learning foreign languages can enhance empathy and perception by offering different perspectives on the world. Learning foreign languages can broaden empathy and perception by exposing individuals to different ways of experiencing and interpreting the world.']}, {'end': 7718.464, 'start': 6969.045, 'title': 'Passion, excellence, and networks', 'summary': "Emphasizes the importance of pursuing passion, excellence, and building diverse networks in one's career, as it leads to success and fulfillment, with examples of how passion and excellence can lead to financial success, and the significance of treating everyone with respect.", 'duration': 749.419, 'highlights': ["Pursuing passion and excellence leads to success and fulfillment, with examples of how passion and excellence can lead to financial success. The speaker emphasizes the importance of finding one's passion and committing to excellence, highlighting the joy and fulfillment that comes from mastering a skill or area of interest, which can ultimately lead to financial success.", "Building diverse networks is crucial for career success. The chapter stresses the significance of building diverse networks, not just with powerful individuals, but with interesting people from different backgrounds and interests, as these connections can open doors to opportunities and growth in one's career.", "Treat everyone with respect and authenticity, as it can have a positive impact and be recognized by others. The importance of treating everyone with respect and authenticity is highlighted, as it not only leaves a positive impression on others, but also reflects one's character and can have a ripple effect in personal and professional interactions."]}], 'duration': 1990.606, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/USnqkUAr_3w/pics/USnqkUAr_3w5727858.jpg', 'highlights': ["The United States' economic system is rooted in private property ownership, contradicting communism.", 'The compatibility of social democracy with capitalism and the need to reform the current capitalist system are debated.', "Historical elements like the New Deal and government investments contributed to the United States' victory in the Cold War.", 'The core value of individualism in America is discussed, emphasizing its influence on societal behavior.', 'The philosophical significance of gun ownership in America reflects a declaration of individual rights.', 'The rapid development and distribution of vaccines is highlighted as a great triumph, despite politicization and issues with vaccine uptake.', 'The excitement about future innovations in biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and space exploration demonstrates a focus on the positive impact of technological advancements.', 'Tolstoy challenges the notion of power, emphasizing contingency and circumstance over control.', 'Language is crucial to understanding culture and reflects societal norms and history.', 'Pursuing passion and excellence leads to success and fulfillment, with examples of how passion and excellence can lead to financial success.', 'Building diverse networks is crucial for career success.', 'Treat everyone with respect and authenticity, as it can have a positive impact and be recognized by others.']}], 'highlights': ["Lincoln's ability to give voice to the voiceless and transform politics into an art, as recounted by Tolstoy, resonated globally.", 'The conversation emphasizes the importance of seeking understanding over activism, encouraging listeners to think critically and make up their own minds.', "The president's ability to communicate directly with the public through platforms like Twitter has significantly impacted public discourse and awareness.", 'The importance of embracing the dual nature of leaders like Bill Clinton and Donald Trump, reflecting the best and worst of American society.', "George Washington's respected status as a disinterested statesman served as a model for contemporary leaders like Vladimir Putin.", "FDR's empathy and leadership during the Great Depression and World War II, creating a sense of common suffering and mission among Americans.", "Henry Kissinger's remarkable journey from a German Jewish immigrant to a prominent figure shaping US foreign policy illustrates the significant influence he wielded during a crucial period in US history.", 'Policymaking in Afghanistan needs honest evaluation of whether efforts are making things better or worse, analogous to evaluating a relationship, and seeking feedback from observers.', "The United States' economic system is rooted in private property ownership, contradicting communism.", 'Tolstoy challenges the notion of power, emphasizing contingency and circumstance over control.']}