title
Software Testing Tutorial For Beginners | Manual & Automation Testing | Selenium Training | Edureka

description
🔥 Test Automation Engineer Masters Program (Use Code "𝐘𝐎𝐔𝐓𝐔𝐁𝐄𝟐𝟎"): https://www.edureka.co/masters-program/automation-testing-engineer-training This Edureka video on Software Testing Tutorial talks about different types of testing i.e. manual testing and automation testing approaches. Furthermore, it will also give you a brief insight on an automation Testing tool i.e. Selenium. Below topics are covered in this video: 1:18 - Software Testing Overview 3:59 - SDLC - Waterfall model, Spiral Model 15:00 - Verification and Validation model 22:29 - STLC 26:05 - Types of Software testing 28:21 - Software testing methods 30:31 - Software Testing levels 31:21 - Software testing documentation 35:37 - Defect/bug life cycle-its importance 41:32 - Automation testing - Why it is important? 42:08 - Selenium 43:48 - Selenium Locators Selenium playlist: https://goo.gl/NmuzXE Selenium Blog playlist: http://bit.ly/2B7C3QR - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Subscribe to our channel to get video updates. Hit the subscribe button above: https://goo.gl/6ohpTV Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka SlideShare: https://www.slideshare.net/edurekaIN - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #edureka #edurekasoftwaretesting #softwaretesting #ManualTesting #selenium #seleniumautomation #seleniumtesting #seleniumtutorial #seleniumtraining - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For more information, Please write back to us at sales@edureka.co or call us at IND: 9606058406 / US: 18338555775 (toll-free).

detail
{'title': 'Software Testing Tutorial For Beginners | Manual & Automation Testing | Selenium Training | Edureka', 'heatmap': [{'end': 917.282, 'start': 873.649, 'weight': 0.724}, {'end': 1791.286, 'start': 1675.779, 'weight': 0.909}, {'end': 1863.372, 'start': 1825.749, 'weight': 0.788}, {'end': 2606.64, 'start': 2511.319, 'weight': 0.822}], 'summary': 'This tutorial emphasizes the importance of software testing in identifying errors, preventing system failure, and highlights the impact of untested software on businesses and human lives. it covers software development lifecycle, waterfall and spiral models, testing principles, automation, defect management, and selenium automation testing including web element locators and explicit weights in selenium.', 'chapters': [{'end': 258.75, 'segs': [{'end': 69.766, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 29.418, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 34.162, 'text': 'I will talk about software development life cycle and its various models after that.', 'start': 29.418, 'duration': 4.744}, {'end': 39.667, 'text': 'I will walk you through principles of testing and once you understand these fundamentals,', 'start': 34.563, 'duration': 5.104}, {'end': 44.772, 'text': "next let's dive into software testing life cycle and understand various steps involved in it.", 'start': 39.667, 'duration': 5.105}, {'end': 47.254, 'text': 'and moving further to the discussion.', 'start': 45.493, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 53.698, 'text': 'You will be seeing methods of testing its levels and some artifacts of software testing documentation,', 'start': 47.614, 'duration': 6.084}, {'end': 57.96, 'text': 'and I will also talk about defect management and bug life cycle.', 'start': 53.698, 'duration': 4.262}, {'end': 59.741, 'text': 'now moving to automation testing,', 'start': 57.96, 'duration': 1.781}, {'end': 63.804, 'text': 'You will be understanding fundamentals of automation testing and its various tools.', 'start': 60.022, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 68.726, 'text': 'You will also be learning by selenium is most preferable tool for automation testing.', 'start': 64.324, 'duration': 4.402}, {'end': 69.766, 'text': 'And finally,', 'start': 69.126, 'duration': 0.64}], 'summary': 'Overview of software development life cycle, testing principles, & automation testing tools.', 'duration': 40.348, 'max_score': 29.418, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg29418.jpg'}, {'end': 116.086, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 89.855, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 93.657, 'text': 'and it also ensures that the product is free from any bug or defect.', 'start': 89.855, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 103.273, 'text': 'Testing of a software also involves the implementation of products, module or system part for evaluating all or some of its properties.', 'start': 94.344, 'duration': 8.929}, {'end': 110.28, 'text': 'through testing, testers can identify errors, gaps and requirement or missing elements in a project or a system.', 'start': 103.273, 'duration': 7.007}, {'end': 116.086, 'text': 'testing can be done both by manually or with the help of automated tools available in the market.', 'start': 110.28, 'duration': 5.806}], 'summary': 'Software testing identifies errors and gaps using manual or automated tools.', 'duration': 26.231, 'max_score': 89.855, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg89855.jpg'}, {'end': 180.146, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 159.37, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 168.617, 'text': "why it is happening just because the system was not tested properly before it was launched, and that's why we say testing is important else.", 'start': 159.37, 'duration': 9.247}, {'end': 180.146, 'text': 'It might lead to a loss of monetary value jobs or even loss of a human and these are the examples of untested software that becomes hazardous.', 'start': 169.098, 'duration': 11.048}], 'summary': 'Untested software can lead to loss of value, jobs, and human lives.', 'duration': 20.776, 'max_score': 159.37, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg159370.jpg'}, {'end': 258.75, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 207.14, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 216.224, 'text': 'big companies have team members who bear the responsibility for evaluating the project or software based on the requirements during the test phase.', 'start': 207.14, 'duration': 9.084}, {'end': 223.428, 'text': 'Moreover some bugs can get detected if proper testing is done in the development of a software or application.', 'start': 216.784, 'duration': 6.644}, {'end': 231.893, 'text': 'So people who can do testing are software testers project developer project lead team manager and end users.', 'start': 223.928, 'duration': 7.965}, {'end': 237.776, 'text': 'So these are the people who takes care of software testing having understood this.', 'start': 232.673, 'duration': 5.103}, {'end': 238.657, 'text': "Let's see.", 'start': 238.176, 'duration': 0.481}, {'end': 240.798, 'text': 'What is software development life cycle?', 'start': 238.757, 'duration': 2.041}, {'end': 250.425, 'text': 'Software development life cycle is a process used by the software industry to design, develop and test high quality softwares.', 'start': 241.639, 'duration': 8.786}, {'end': 258.75, 'text': 'STLC that a software development life cycle aims to produce a high quality software that meets or exceeds customer expectations,', 'start': 250.425, 'duration': 8.325}], 'summary': 'Software testing involves team members like software testers, project developers, and end users to ensure high quality software. the software development life cycle aims to produce high quality software that meets or exceeds customer expectations.', 'duration': 51.61, 'max_score': 207.14, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg207140.jpg'}], 'start': 11.195, 'title': 'Importance of software testing', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the significance of software testing in identifying errors, preventing system failure, and highlights the impact of untested software on businesses and human lives, while explaining the significance of software development life cycle in ensuring high-quality software.', 'chapters': [{'end': 69.766, 'start': 11.195, 'title': 'Software testing tutorial', 'summary': 'Covers the fundamentals of software testing, including software testing life cycle, automation testing, and tools like selenium.', 'duration': 58.571, 'highlights': ['The session covers software testing fundamentals, software development life cycle, principles of testing, software testing life cycle, methods of testing, automation testing, and tools like Selenium.', 'The speaker discusses the need for software testing and various steps involved in the software testing life cycle.', 'Automation testing and tools like Selenium are emphasized as the most preferable tools for automation testing.']}, {'end': 258.75, 'start': 69.766, 'title': 'Importance of software testing', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of software testing, stressing its role in identifying errors and preventing system failure, and highlights the impact of untested software on businesses and human lives, while also explaining the significance of software development life cycle in ensuring high-quality software.', 'duration': 188.984, 'highlights': ['Software testing is crucial for identifying errors, gaps, and missing elements in a project or system, preventing system failure, and ensuring the success of software applications, which can impact business growth and human lives.', 'The examples of untested software causing airplane crashes and business bankruptcies highlight the potential hazards and monetary losses associated with inadequate testing.', 'Software development life cycle (SDLC) is a process used to design, develop, and test high-quality software that meets or exceeds customer expectations, emphasizing the importance of a structured approach to software development.', 'The roles of individuals involved in software testing include software testers, project developers, project leads, team managers, and end users, underscoring the diverse responsibilities and stakeholders in the testing process.', 'The successful implementation of software testing can lead to the identification of bugs and defects during the development phase, emphasizing the proactive nature of testing in preventing issues in software and applications.']}], 'duration': 247.555, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg11195.jpg', 'highlights': ['The session covers software testing fundamentals, software development life cycle, principles of testing, software testing life cycle, methods of testing, automation testing, and tools like Selenium.', 'Software testing is crucial for identifying errors, gaps, and missing elements in a project or system, preventing system failure, and ensuring the success of software applications, which can impact business growth and human lives.', 'The examples of untested software causing airplane crashes and business bankruptcies highlight the potential hazards and monetary losses associated with inadequate testing.', 'The roles of individuals involved in software testing include software testers, project developers, project leads, team managers, and end users, underscoring the diverse responsibilities and stakeholders in the testing process.', 'The successful implementation of software testing can lead to the identification of bugs and defects during the development phase, emphasizing the proactive nature of testing in preventing issues in software and applications.', 'Automation testing and tools like Selenium are emphasized as the most preferable tools for automation testing.', 'Software development life cycle (SDLC) is a process used to design, develop, and test high-quality software that meets or exceeds customer expectations, emphasizing the importance of a structured approach to software development.', 'The speaker discusses the need for software testing and various steps involved in the software testing life cycle.']}, {'end': 464.628, 'segs': [{'end': 286.054, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 258.75, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 261.713, 'text': 'reaches completion within times and cost estimates.', 'start': 258.75, 'duration': 2.963}, {'end': 267.838, 'text': 'As you can see here, it involves many phases and let me explain you each of these phases.', 'start': 262.373, 'duration': 5.465}, {'end': 269.86, 'text': 'first, requirement phase.', 'start': 267.838, 'duration': 2.022}, {'end': 275.124, 'text': 'requirement gathering and analysis is the most important phase in SDLC.', 'start': 269.86, 'duration': 5.264}, {'end': 280.969, 'text': 'here business analyst collects a requirement from the customer or client as per the clients.', 'start': 275.124, 'duration': 5.845}, {'end': 286.054, 'text': 'business needs and documents are requirements in the business requirement specification.', 'start': 280.969, 'duration': 5.085}], 'summary': 'Sdlc completion within estimated time and cost. phases: requirement gathering, analysis, and documentation.', 'duration': 27.304, 'max_score': 258.75, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg258750.jpg'}, {'end': 386.679, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 305.084, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 307.986, 'text': 'Once the requirement gathering and analysis is done.', 'start': 305.084, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 314.131, 'text': 'The next step is to define and document the product requirements and get them approved by the customer.', 'start': 308.327, 'duration': 5.804}, {'end': 318.654, 'text': 'This is done through SRS that is software requirement specification document.', 'start': 314.611, 'duration': 4.043}, {'end': 326.664, 'text': 'and software requirement specification consists of all the product requirement to be designed and developed during the project life cycle,', 'start': 319.281, 'duration': 7.383}, {'end': 333.267, 'text': 'and key people involved in this phase are project manager, business analyst and senior members of the team,', 'start': 326.664, 'duration': 6.603}, {'end': 337.049, 'text': 'and the outcome of this phase will be software requirement specification.', 'start': 333.267, 'duration': 3.782}, {'end': 344.051, 'text': 'Now moving to design phase it has two steps one high-level design and the other one low-level design.', 'start': 337.669, 'duration': 6.382}, {'end': 346.251, 'text': 'So in high-level design.', 'start': 344.531, 'duration': 1.72}, {'end': 354.273, 'text': 'it gives the architecture of the software product to be developed and is done by the architects and senior developers in low-level design.', 'start': 346.251, 'duration': 8.022}, {'end': 363.995, 'text': 'It is done by senior developers here describes how each and every feature in the product should work and how every component should work.', 'start': 354.573, 'duration': 9.422}, {'end': 373.108, 'text': 'Here only the design will be there and not decode, and the outcome from this phase is the high level document and lower level document,', 'start': 364.582, 'duration': 8.526}, {'end': 375.55, 'text': 'which works as an input to the next phase.', 'start': 373.108, 'duration': 2.442}, {'end': 378.933, 'text': 'So next is the development or your coding phase.', 'start': 376.191, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 386.679, 'text': 'So what happens here developers of all levels at a seniors juniors freshers all are involved in this phase.', 'start': 379.433, 'duration': 7.246}], 'summary': 'Requirements gathering, srs approval, and design & development phases involve key team members and lead to documented outcomes.', 'duration': 81.595, 'max_score': 305.084, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg305084.jpg'}, {'end': 464.628, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 409.044, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 413.285, 'text': 'They either test the software manually or using the automated tools,', 'start': 409.044, 'duration': 4.241}, {'end': 421.867, 'text': 'depending on the process defined in software testing lifecycle and also ensures that each and every component of the software works fine.', 'start': 413.285, 'duration': 8.582}, {'end': 427.592, 'text': 'Once the QA, that is, the quality analyst, make sure that the software is error-free.', 'start': 422.527, 'duration': 5.065}, {'end': 434.76, 'text': 'it goes to the next stage, which is implementation, and the outcome of this phase is the quality product and the testing artifacts.', 'start': 427.592, 'duration': 7.168}, {'end': 437.863, 'text': "I'll talk about the testing artifacts at the later part.", 'start': 435.34, 'duration': 2.523}, {'end': 443.916, 'text': 'So once all this is done, the next and the last step is deployment and maintenance phase.', 'start': 438.493, 'duration': 5.423}, {'end': 449.219, 'text': 'after successful testing, the product is delivered and deployed to the customer for the use.', 'start': 443.916, 'duration': 5.303}, {'end': 454.002, 'text': 'deployment is done by the deployment engineers or the implementation engineers.', 'start': 449.219, 'duration': 4.783}, {'end': 461.446, 'text': 'once when the customers start using the developed system, then the actual problems will come up and needs to be solved from time to time.', 'start': 454.002, 'duration': 7.444}, {'end': 464.628, 'text': 'fixing the issues found by the customer comes in maintenance phase.', 'start': 461.446, 'duration': 3.182}], 'summary': 'Software testing ensures error-free product, followed by deployment and maintenance phase.', 'duration': 55.584, 'max_score': 409.044, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg409044.jpg'}], 'start': 258.75, 'title': 'Software development life cycle', 'summary': 'Provides an overview of the software development lifecycle, emphasizing the phases, key team member involvement, and the importance of addressing customer issues in the maintenance phase, and ensuring error-free software through testing.', 'chapters': [{'end': 346.251, 'start': 258.75, 'title': 'Software development life cycle overview', 'summary': 'Explains the phases of the sdlc, emphasizing the importance of requirement gathering and analysis, followed by defining product requirements through srs, involving key team members, and subsequent high-level and low-level design steps.', 'duration': 87.501, 'highlights': ['Requirement gathering and analysis is the most important phase in SDLC, involving the collection and documentation of business needs in the business requirement specification. This phase is crucial and involves collecting requirements from the customer or client, documenting them in the business requirement specification, and providing them to the development team.', 'Defining and documenting the product requirements through SRS involves key team members such as project manager, business analyst, and senior members, resulting in the software requirement specification. This step involves defining and documenting the product requirements, getting them approved by the customer, and producing the software requirement specification with the involvement of key team members.', 'The design phase includes high-level and low-level design steps, crucial in the project life cycle. The design phase encompasses high-level design and low-level design steps, playing a critical role in the project life cycle.']}, {'end': 427.592, 'start': 346.251, 'title': 'Software development life cycle', 'summary': 'Describes the phases of software development, including architecture design, development, and testing, involving developers at different levels, and the role of quality analysts in ensuring error-free software.', 'duration': 81.341, 'highlights': ['The phase of architecture design involves architects and senior developers in low-level design to define how each feature and component in the product should work.', 'In the development phase, developers at all levels, including seniors, juniors, and freshers, are involved in building the software and writing the code for the product.', 'In the testing phase, the software is thoroughly tested for defects either manually or using automated tools, and the quality analyst ensures that the software is error-free.']}, {'end': 464.628, 'start': 427.592, 'title': 'Software development lifecycle overview', 'summary': 'Outlines the software development lifecycle, consisting of planning, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance, with an emphasis on the importance of addressing customer issues in the maintenance phase.', 'duration': 37.036, 'highlights': ['The maintenance phase involves addressing issues found by customers after deployment, emphasizing the importance of ongoing support and problem-solving.', 'Deployment and maintenance are the final phases after the development, implementation, and testing, highlighting their significance in the software lifecycle.', 'Successful testing leads to product delivery and deployment for customer use, underlining the importance of thorough testing processes in ensuring quality products.']}], 'duration': 205.878, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg258750.jpg', 'highlights': ['Requirement gathering and analysis is the most important phase in SDLC, involving the collection and documentation of business needs in the business requirement specification.', 'Defining and documenting the product requirements through SRS involves key team members such as project manager, business analyst, and senior members, resulting in the software requirement specification.', 'The design phase includes high-level and low-level design steps, crucial in the project life cycle.', 'The phase of architecture design involves architects and senior developers in low-level design to define how each feature and component in the product should work.', 'In the development phase, developers at all levels, including seniors, juniors, and freshers, are involved in building the software and writing the code for the product.', 'In the testing phase, the software is thoroughly tested for defects either manually or using automated tools, and the quality analyst ensures that the software is error-free.', 'The maintenance phase involves addressing issues found by customers after deployment, emphasizing the importance of ongoing support and problem-solving.', 'Deployment and maintenance are the final phases after the development, implementation, and testing, highlighting their significance in the software lifecycle.', 'Successful testing leads to product delivery and deployment for customer use, underlining the importance of thorough testing processes in ensuring quality products.']}, {'end': 750.725, 'segs': [{'end': 587.824, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 546.268, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 550.289, 'text': 'so we get a stable product and this model is very simple to implement.', 'start': 546.268, 'duration': 4.021}, {'end': 553.88, 'text': 'Requirements are finalized earlier in the life cycle.', 'start': 550.979, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 558.101, 'text': "So there won't be any chaos in the next phases and requirement.", 'start': 554.36, 'duration': 3.741}, {'end': 566.004, 'text': 'resources to implement this model are minimal compared to other methodologies and every phase has specific deliverables.', 'start': 558.101, 'duration': 7.903}, {'end': 571.626, 'text': 'It gives high visibility to the project manager and clients about the progress of the project.', 'start': 566.604, 'duration': 5.022}, {'end': 577.641, 'text': 'So what are its disadvantages? The main disadvantage is that backtracking is not possible.', 'start': 572.239, 'duration': 5.402}, {'end': 581.302, 'text': 'That is we cannot go back and change the requirements.', 'start': 577.821, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 587.824, 'text': 'Once the design stage is reached and change in requirements leads to change in design and code,', 'start': 581.562, 'duration': 6.262}], 'summary': 'Simple, stable model with early requirements finalization, minimal resources, and high visibility, but no backtracking possible.', 'duration': 41.556, 'max_score': 546.268, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg546268.jpg'}, {'end': 636.428, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 610.285, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 615.207, 'text': 'and it is also not suitable for long-term projects, where requirements may change time to time.', 'start': 610.285, 'duration': 4.922}, {'end': 618.268, 'text': 'So this is about waterfall model next.', 'start': 615.747, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 620.809, 'text': "Let's take a look at bohem spiral model.", 'start': 618.488, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 624.379, 'text': 'Spiral model works in an iterative nature.', 'start': 621.537, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 630.864, 'text': 'It is a combination of both prototype development process and linear development process.', 'start': 624.88, 'duration': 5.984}, {'end': 636.428, 'text': 'that is your waterfall model, and this model place more emphasis on risk analysis.', 'start': 630.864, 'duration': 5.564}], 'summary': 'The bohem spiral model combines prototype and linear development, emphasizing risk analysis.', 'duration': 26.143, 'max_score': 610.285, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg610285.jpg'}, {'end': 750.725, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 726.957, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 735.52, 'text': 'So benefits of using this model are it allows requirement changes and it is also suitable for large and complicated projects.', 'start': 726.957, 'duration': 8.563}, {'end': 746.524, 'text': 'The main thing is it allows better risk analysis and is cost effective due to good risk management and disadvantages is that it is not suitable for small projects,', 'start': 736.02, 'duration': 10.504}, {'end': 749.725, 'text': 'and the success of a project depends on the risk analysis phase.', 'start': 746.524, 'duration': 3.201}, {'end': 750.725, 'text': "That's all.", 'start': 750.265, 'duration': 0.46}], 'summary': 'Model allows requirement changes, suitable for large projects, enables better risk analysis, cost effective. not suitable for small projects.', 'duration': 23.768, 'max_score': 726.957, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg726957.jpg'}], 'start': 465.768, 'title': 'Waterfall and spiral models', 'summary': 'Explains the waterfall model in software development life cycle, highlighting its phases, benefits, and drawbacks, and emphasizes its suitability for short-term projects with stable requirements and minimal resources. it also compares the waterfall and spiral models, emphasizing the benefits of the spiral model for large and complicated projects, allowing requirement changes and better risk analysis, but noting its unsuitability for small projects and the criticality of the risk analysis phase.', 'chapters': [{'end': 587.824, 'start': 465.768, 'title': 'Waterfall model in software development', 'summary': 'Explains the waterfall model in software development life cycle, highlighting its phases, benefits, and drawbacks, and emphasizes its suitability for short-term projects with stable requirements and minimal resources.', 'duration': 122.056, 'highlights': ['The waterfall model in software development is a sequential design process used in SDLC, with phases including requirement gathering, feasibility study, analysis, design, coding, testing, installation, and maintenance.', "The benefits of using the waterfall model include stable requirements, minimal resources required for implementation, and high visibility to the project manager and clients about the project's progress.", 'The main disadvantage of the waterfall model is the inability to backtrack and change requirements once the design stage is reached, which leads to changes in design and code.', 'This methodology is best suitable for short-term projects where the requirements will not change, and it gives high visibility to the project manager and clients about the progress of the project.', 'Maintenance should be done as per SLA (Service Level Agreement) in the waterfall model for software development.']}, {'end': 750.725, 'start': 587.824, 'title': 'Comparison of waterfall and spiral models', 'summary': 'Compares the waterfall and spiral models, emphasizing the benefits of the spiral model for large and complicated projects, allowing requirement changes and better risk analysis, but noting its unsuitability for small projects and the criticality of the risk analysis phase.', 'duration': 162.901, 'highlights': ['The spiral model is suitable for large and complicated projects where risk is very high. This emphasizes the suitability of the spiral model for high-risk projects.', 'Spiral model allows requirement changes and is suitable for large and complicated projects. This highlights the flexibility and suitability of the spiral model for accommodating requirement changes in complex projects.', 'The success of a project using the spiral model depends on the risk analysis phase. This underscores the criticality of the risk analysis phase in the spiral model for project success.', 'Spiral model is not suitable for small projects. This points out a limitation of the spiral model, indicating its unsuitability for smaller projects.']}], 'duration': 284.957, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg465768.jpg', 'highlights': ['The spiral model is suitable for large and complicated projects where risk is very high.', "The benefits of using the waterfall model include stable requirements, minimal resources required for implementation, and high visibility to the project manager and clients about the project's progress.", 'Spiral model allows requirement changes and is suitable for large and complicated projects.', 'The success of a project using the spiral model depends on the risk analysis phase.', 'The main disadvantage of the waterfall model is the inability to backtrack and change requirements once the design stage is reached, which leads to changes in design and code.']}, {'end': 1492.856, 'segs': [{'end': 800.441, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 773.659, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 781.625, 'text': 'These principles also play a significant role for software tester to test the project, and they are first one.', 'start': 773.659, 'duration': 7.966}, {'end': 784.427, 'text': 'software testing can help in detecting bugs.', 'start': 781.625, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 793.595, 'text': 'Testing any software or project can help in revealing few or some defects that may or may not be detected by developers.', 'start': 784.847, 'duration': 8.748}, {'end': 800.441, 'text': 'However, testing of software alone cannot confirm that your developed product or software is error-free.', 'start': 794.116, 'duration': 6.325}], 'summary': 'Software testing detects bugs, but cannot guarantee error-free software.', 'duration': 26.782, 'max_score': 773.659, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg773659.jpg'}, {'end': 851.922, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 826.416, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 833.618, 'text': 'the earlier you will begin to test your project or software, the better you will find to utilize your existing time.', 'start': 826.416, 'duration': 7.202}, {'end': 837.319, 'text': 'next Defect in clustering at the time of testing,', 'start': 833.618, 'duration': 3.701}, {'end': 846.461, 'text': 'you can observe that majority of the defects or bugs that are reported are because of a small number of modules inside your software or system.', 'start': 837.319, 'duration': 9.142}, {'end': 851.922, 'text': 'next, software testing is context independent and error-free or bug-free.', 'start': 846.461, 'duration': 5.461}], 'summary': 'Early testing leads to better time utilization. most defects are from a small number of modules. context-independent, bug-free testing.', 'duration': 25.506, 'max_score': 826.416, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg826416.jpg'}, {'end': 917.282, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 873.649, 'weight': 0.724, 'content': [{'end': 877.53, 'text': 'and whether the bugs found during testing has been mended or not.', 'start': 873.649, 'duration': 3.881}, {'end': 883.961, 'text': 'These many factors need to be considered before shipping the software or releasing it to the market.', 'start': 878.155, 'duration': 5.806}, {'end': 891.008, 'text': 'So these are some of the principles of software testing that one should keep in mind while testing a software.', 'start': 884.582, 'duration': 6.426}, {'end': 898.076, 'text': "now let's move further and understand one of the most widely used model, that is verification and validation model.", 'start': 891.008, 'duration': 7.068}, {'end': 900.097, 'text': 'To understand this model.', 'start': 898.616, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 904.758, 'text': "Let's first understand what is verification and validation and software.", 'start': 900.377, 'duration': 4.381}, {'end': 909.26, 'text': 'first verification verification as a static analysis technique.', 'start': 904.758, 'duration': 4.502}, {'end': 912.741, 'text': 'in this technique, testing is done without executing the code.', 'start': 909.26, 'duration': 3.481}, {'end': 917.282, 'text': 'For example, you can say inspection walkthrough reviews Etc.', 'start': 913.181, 'duration': 4.101}], 'summary': 'Consider multiple factors before shipping software. verification involves static analysis techniques like inspection and reviews.', 'duration': 43.633, 'max_score': 873.649, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg873649.jpg'}, {'end': 944.902, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 919.243, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 925.345, 'text': 'validation is the dynamic analysis technique where testing is done by executing the code, for example,', 'start': 919.243, 'duration': 6.102}, {'end': 927.706, 'text': 'your functional and non-functional testing techniques.', 'start': 925.345, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 934.472, 'text': 'In verification and validation model the development and QA activities are done simultaneously.', 'start': 928.346, 'duration': 6.126}, {'end': 937.555, 'text': 'There is no discrete phase called testing.', 'start': 934.932, 'duration': 2.623}, {'end': 941.418, 'text': 'rather, testing starts right from the requirement phase.', 'start': 937.555, 'duration': 3.863}, {'end': 944.902, 'text': 'the verification and validation activities go hand-in-hand.', 'start': 941.418, 'duration': 3.484}], 'summary': 'Validation involves dynamic analysis, testing code execution, and concurrent qa and development in verification and validation model.', 'duration': 25.659, 'max_score': 919.243, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg919243.jpg'}, {'end': 1009.545, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 979.688, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 986.294, 'text': 'Normally we feel what testing can we do in a development phase, but this is the beauty of the model,', 'start': 979.688, 'duration': 6.606}, {'end': 992.219, 'text': 'which demonstrates that testing can be done in all phases of development activities as well.', 'start': 986.294, 'duration': 5.925}, {'end': 995.742, 'text': 'So here requirements are collected analyzed and studied.', 'start': 992.599, 'duration': 3.143}, {'end': 1002.741, 'text': 'Here how the system is implemented is not important, but what the system is supposed to do is important.', 'start': 996.289, 'duration': 6.452}, {'end': 1009.545, 'text': 'like brainstorming sessions walkthroughs interviews are all done here to have the objective set clear.', 'start': 1003.363, 'duration': 6.182}], 'summary': 'Testing can be done in all phases of development. requirements are collected, analyzed, and studied.', 'duration': 29.857, 'max_score': 979.688, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg979688.jpg'}, {'end': 1157.746, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1130.493, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1138.437, 'text': 'and validation activities like creation and review of unit test cases and the artifacts that are produced will be unit test cases.', 'start': 1130.493, 'duration': 7.944}, {'end': 1144.978, 'text': 'So next we have the implementation or code in this phase actual coding is done.', 'start': 1139.594, 'duration': 5.384}, {'end': 1147.619, 'text': 'So code review and test cases.', 'start': 1145.478, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 1157.746, 'text': 'review, our verification activities and creation of functional test cases are validation activities and artifacts produced will be test cases and review checklist.', 'start': 1147.619, 'duration': 10.127}], 'summary': 'The software development process involves creating and reviewing unit test cases, implementing code, conducting code reviews, and creating functional test cases.', 'duration': 27.253, 'max_score': 1130.493, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg1130493.jpg'}, {'end': 1248.757, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1215.685, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1219.626, 'text': 'in case of any anomalies, defects are logged and tracked even here.', 'start': 1215.685, 'duration': 3.941}, {'end': 1223.147, 'text': 'So now talking about integration testing.', 'start': 1220.286, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 1231.91, 'text': 'in this phase, the integration test cases are executed, which were created in the architectural design or your high-level design phase.', 'start': 1223.147, 'duration': 8.763}, {'end': 1235.431, 'text': 'in case of any anomalies, defects are logged and tracked.', 'start': 1231.91, 'duration': 3.521}, {'end': 1248.757, 'text': 'So, in integration testing it validates whether the components of the application works together as expected and the artifacts produced here are integration test results and now coming to system testing.', 'start': 1235.931, 'duration': 12.826}], 'summary': 'Integration testing validates components work together as expected, with defects logged and tracked.', 'duration': 33.072, 'max_score': 1215.685, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg1215685.jpg'}], 'start': 751.225, 'title': 'Software testing principles & verification model', 'summary': 'Discusses principles of software testing, emphasizing the importance of early testing, defect detection, and contextual independence, and then delves into the verification and validation model, highlighting the concurrent nature of development and testing activities. it also describes the v and v model, highlighting the various phases involved in testing, emphasizing that testing can be done in all phases, including requirement analysis, software specification, architectural design, module design, implementation, unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and user acceptance testing.', 'chapters': [{'end': 979.168, 'start': 751.225, 'title': 'Software testing principles & verification model', 'summary': 'Discusses principles of software testing, emphasizing the importance of early testing, defect detection, and contextual independence, and then delves into the verification and validation model, highlighting the concurrent nature of development and testing activities.', 'duration': 227.943, 'highlights': ['Software testing can help in detecting bugs, revealing defects that may or may not be detected by developers. Testing can help in revealing defects that may or may not be detected by developers, emphasizing the importance of testing in bug detection.', 'Early testing is crucial for optimizing time utilization in software testing. Early testing helps in optimizing time utilization, emphasizing the importance of beginning testing early in the software development process.', 'Verification and validation activities are performed along with the actual development activities, demonstrating the concurrent nature of these processes. Verification and validation activities are performed concurrently with the actual development activities, highlighting the concurrent nature of development and testing in the verification and validation model.']}, {'end': 1492.856, 'start': 979.688, 'title': 'Verification and validation model', 'summary': 'Describes the v and v model, highlighting the various phases involved in the testing, emphasizing that testing can be done in all phases, including requirement analysis, software specification, architectural design, module design, implementation, unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and user acceptance testing.', 'duration': 513.168, 'highlights': ['Testing can be done in all phases of development activities The model demonstrates that testing can be done in all phases of development activities as well, including requirement analysis, software specification, architectural design, module design, and implementation.', 'Various testing activities and artifacts produced in each phase Each phase involves verification and validation activities, such as requirements reviews, creation of test plans and test cases, execution of test cases, and production of artifacts like test results, test logs, defect reports, and traceability matrices.', 'Explanation of unit testing, integration testing, and system testing The transcript provides detailed explanations of unit testing, integration testing, and system testing, including the definition of each testing phase, the execution of test cases, and the logging and tracking of defects.']}], 'duration': 741.631, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg751225.jpg', 'highlights': ['Testing can be done in all phases of development activities, including requirement analysis, software specification, architectural design, module design, and implementation.', 'Various testing activities and artifacts are produced in each phase, such as requirements reviews, creation of test plans and test cases, execution of test cases, and production of artifacts like test results, test logs, defect reports, and traceability matrices.', 'Verification and validation activities are performed concurrently with the actual development activities, highlighting the concurrent nature of development and testing in the verification and validation model.', 'Early testing helps in optimizing time utilization, emphasizing the importance of beginning testing early in the software development process.', 'Software testing can help in detecting bugs, revealing defects that may or may not be detected by developers, emphasizing the importance of testing in bug detection.', 'The transcript provides detailed explanations of unit testing, integration testing, and system testing, including the definition of each testing phase, the execution of test cases, and the logging and tracking of defects.']}, {'end': 2135.657, 'segs': [{'end': 1543.396, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1516.17, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1524.037, 'text': 'in this phase, testing team start executing test cases based on prepared test planning and prepare test cases in the prior step.', 'start': 1516.17, 'duration': 7.867}, {'end': 1527.2, 'text': 'And finally we have the test cycle closure.', 'start': 1524.697, 'duration': 2.503}, {'end': 1532.725, 'text': 'So in this once the test case is passed, then same can be marked as passed.', 'start': 1527.58, 'duration': 5.145}, {'end': 1534.487, 'text': 'if any test cases failed,', 'start': 1532.725, 'duration': 1.762}, {'end': 1543.396, 'text': 'then corresponding defect can be reported to development team via bug tracking system and bug can be linked for corresponding test cases for further analysis.', 'start': 1534.487, 'duration': 8.909}], 'summary': 'Testing team executes test cases, marks passed or reports defects to development team for further analysis.', 'duration': 27.226, 'max_score': 1516.17, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg1516170.jpg'}, {'end': 1599.84, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1556.857, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1563.626, 'text': 'and selenium was founded as an automation testing tool to overcome the limitations and drawbacks of manual testing.', 'start': 1556.857, 'duration': 6.769}, {'end': 1570.73, 'text': 'So, till now, whatever you learnt was manual testing, that is, the testing of a software is done manually,', 'start': 1564.244, 'duration': 6.486}, {'end': 1575.654, 'text': 'without the use of automated tool or applications that are available in the market.', 'start': 1570.73, 'duration': 4.924}, {'end': 1583.921, 'text': 'automation testing is an automated technique where the tester writes scripts by own and use a suitable tool to test the software.', 'start': 1575.654, 'duration': 8.267}, {'end': 1590.151, 'text': 'It is basically an automation process of a manual process like regression testing.', 'start': 1584.381, 'duration': 5.77}, {'end': 1596.341, 'text': 'automation testing is also you to test the application from load performance and stress point of view.', 'start': 1590.151, 'duration': 6.19}, {'end': 1599.84, 'text': 'What are the challenges faced by manual testing?', 'start': 1597.279, 'duration': 2.561}], 'summary': 'Selenium founded as automation testing tool to overcome limitations of manual testing, including load and stress testing challenges.', 'duration': 42.983, 'max_score': 1556.857, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg1556857.jpg'}, {'end': 1646.113, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1621.926, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1629.908, 'text': 'The challenges he is facing cause fatigue, boredom, delay in work, mistake and errors because of manual effort,', 'start': 1621.926, 'duration': 7.982}, {'end': 1636.43, 'text': 'and this leads to the need for automation testing, and automation testing beats manual testing every time.', 'start': 1629.908, 'duration': 6.522}, {'end': 1641.131, 'text': 'why? because it is faster, needs less investment in human resource.', 'start': 1636.43, 'duration': 4.701}, {'end': 1646.113, 'text': 'It is not prone to errors, frequent execution of test is possible,', 'start': 1641.551, 'duration': 4.562}], 'summary': 'Challenges lead to need for automation testing, which is faster, needs less investment in human resource, and is not prone to errors.', 'duration': 24.187, 'max_score': 1621.926, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg1621926.jpg'}, {'end': 1794.127, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1667.53, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1673.957, 'text': 'Moreover these tests can be configured in such a way that they are tested in different environments and web browsers.', 'start': 1667.53, 'duration': 6.427}, {'end': 1675.359, 'text': 'What else can be done?', 'start': 1674.518, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 1681.946, 'text': 'You can automate the generation of result file by scheduling it for a particular time during the day.', 'start': 1675.779, 'duration': 6.167}, {'end': 1686.811, 'text': 'then you can also automate the generation of reports based on those results.', 'start': 1681.946, 'duration': 4.865}, {'end': 1693.161, 'text': "and the key point is that automation testing makes a tester's job a whole lot simpler.", 'start': 1687.552, 'duration': 5.609}, {'end': 1699.009, 'text': 'So these are some of the challenges faced with manual testing and automation testing overcomes it.', 'start': 1693.621, 'duration': 5.388}, {'end': 1702.695, 'text': "Now, let's see different testing methods of software.", 'start': 1699.81, 'duration': 2.885}, {'end': 1705.382, 'text': 'First is black box testing.', 'start': 1703.3, 'duration': 2.082}, {'end': 1713.91, 'text': 'This testing is also called as a behavioral testing, where the software test the internal structure, design and implementation,', 'start': 1705.682, 'duration': 8.228}, {'end': 1719.155, 'text': 'and the user interface of the product that is being tested is not already known to the tester.', 'start': 1713.91, 'duration': 5.245}, {'end': 1726.523, 'text': 'So. that is the reason it is called as black box, where the input is being passed as a test case to the black box,', 'start': 1719.556, 'duration': 6.967}, {'end': 1736.313, 'text': 'but the internal implementation details are not known to the tester and output is being given next white box testing.', 'start': 1727.243, 'duration': 9.07}, {'end': 1742.86, 'text': 'this type of technique deals with testing the internal structure, logic, design and implementation of different modules.', 'start': 1736.313, 'duration': 6.547}, {'end': 1753.17, 'text': 'This is also called as a glass box testing, where the internal implementation details are known to the tester, that is, the code logic,', 'start': 1743.661, 'duration': 9.509}, {'end': 1755.432, 'text': 'internal logic design and many more.', 'start': 1753.17, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 1757.994, 'text': 'and next we have gray box testing.', 'start': 1755.432, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 1762.118, 'text': 'in this it combines the concept of both black box and white box.', 'start': 1757.994, 'duration': 4.124}, {'end': 1767.401, 'text': 'that this internal implementation details are partly known to the tester,', 'start': 1762.578, 'duration': 4.823}, {'end': 1774.105, 'text': "while the rest of the internal implementation details are not known to the tester, and that's the reason it is called as gray box testing.", 'start': 1767.401, 'duration': 6.704}, {'end': 1778.239, 'text': 'So these are the three methods of software testing.', 'start': 1774.677, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 1782.261, 'text': "now let's see the difference between functional and non-functional testing.", 'start': 1778.239, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 1791.286, 'text': 'as already listed, functional testing is performed before non-functional testing and non-functional testing is performed after functional testing,', 'start': 1782.261, 'duration': 9.025}, {'end': 1794.127, 'text': 'and functional testing is based on customer requirements.', 'start': 1791.286, 'duration': 2.841}], 'summary': 'Automation testing simplifies tasks, and black, white, and gray box testing are main software testing methods.', 'duration': 126.597, 'max_score': 1667.53, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg1667530.jpg'}, {'end': 1806.886, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1762.578, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1767.401, 'text': 'that this internal implementation details are partly known to the tester,', 'start': 1762.578, 'duration': 4.823}, {'end': 1774.105, 'text': "while the rest of the internal implementation details are not known to the tester, and that's the reason it is called as gray box testing.", 'start': 1767.401, 'duration': 6.704}, {'end': 1778.239, 'text': 'So these are the three methods of software testing.', 'start': 1774.677, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 1782.261, 'text': "now let's see the difference between functional and non-functional testing.", 'start': 1778.239, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 1791.286, 'text': 'as already listed, functional testing is performed before non-functional testing and non-functional testing is performed after functional testing,', 'start': 1782.261, 'duration': 9.025}, {'end': 1794.127, 'text': 'and functional testing is based on customer requirements.', 'start': 1791.286, 'duration': 2.841}, {'end': 1798.67, 'text': 'On the other hand non-functional is based on customers expectations.', 'start': 1794.568, 'duration': 4.102}, {'end': 1806.886, 'text': 'Functional testing describes what the product does and non-functional describes how the product works.', 'start': 1799.551, 'duration': 7.335}], 'summary': 'Gray box testing involves partial knowledge of internal implementation details. functional testing is customer requirement-based, while non-functional testing is based on customer expectations.', 'duration': 44.308, 'max_score': 1762.578, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg1762578.jpg'}, {'end': 1863.372, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 1825.749, 'weight': 0.788, 'content': [{'end': 1829.51, 'text': 'So these are the differences between functional and non-functional testing.', 'start': 1825.749, 'duration': 3.761}, {'end': 1832.351, 'text': "Now, let's talk about software testing levels.", 'start': 1830.07, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 1839.521, 'text': 'It starts from unit testing, where unit test cases are produced, and then it goes to integration testing,', 'start': 1833.277, 'duration': 6.244}, {'end': 1845.144, 'text': 'where the software is combined and tested and it produce integration test cases.', 'start': 1839.521, 'duration': 5.623}, {'end': 1853.449, 'text': 'and then comes system testing, where the integrated software or project is tested, and then comes acceptance testing,', 'start': 1845.144, 'duration': 8.305}, {'end': 1856.091, 'text': 'where the system needs to be tested for adequacy.', 'start': 1853.449, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 1863.372, 'text': 'So these are the software testing levels that starts off with unit testing and ends with acceptance testing.', 'start': 1856.644, 'duration': 6.728}], 'summary': 'Comparison of functional and non-functional testing, followed by software testing levels from unit testing to acceptance testing.', 'duration': 37.623, 'max_score': 1825.749, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg1825749.jpg'}, {'end': 1863.372, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1833.277, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 1839.521, 'text': 'It starts from unit testing, where unit test cases are produced, and then it goes to integration testing,', 'start': 1833.277, 'duration': 6.244}, {'end': 1845.144, 'text': 'where the software is combined and tested and it produce integration test cases.', 'start': 1839.521, 'duration': 5.623}, {'end': 1853.449, 'text': 'and then comes system testing, where the integrated software or project is tested, and then comes acceptance testing,', 'start': 1845.144, 'duration': 8.305}, {'end': 1856.091, 'text': 'where the system needs to be tested for adequacy.', 'start': 1853.449, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 1863.372, 'text': 'So these are the software testing levels that starts off with unit testing and ends with acceptance testing.', 'start': 1856.644, 'duration': 6.728}], 'summary': 'Software testing progresses from unit testing to acceptance testing, covering integration and system testing in between.', 'duration': 30.095, 'max_score': 1833.277, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg1833277.jpg'}, {'end': 1920.116, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1896.522, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 1905.947, 'text': 'some commonly applied documentation artifacts associated with software testing are test plan, test scenario, test case and traceability Matrix.', 'start': 1896.522, 'duration': 9.425}, {'end': 1909.75, 'text': "Let's discuss each of these in brief.", 'start': 1906.708, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 1911.351, 'text': 'first, test plan.', 'start': 1909.75, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 1915.893, 'text': 'test plan provides the outline strategy which will be implemented for testing.', 'start': 1911.351, 'duration': 4.542}, {'end': 1920.116, 'text': 'the application and the resources which will be needed are also described.', 'start': 1915.893, 'duration': 4.223}], 'summary': 'Common software testing documentation includes test plan, test scenario, test case, and traceability matrix, providing strategy and resource needs.', 'duration': 23.594, 'max_score': 1896.522, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg1896522.jpg'}], 'start': 1493.356, 'title': 'Software testing and automation', 'summary': 'Covers the phases of software testing life cycle, emphasizing the benefits of automation testing over manual testing in terms of speed, cost-effectiveness, and reduced error rates. it also discusses different testing methods, software testing levels, and the importance of documentation with artifacts such as test plan, test scenario, test case, and traceability matrix.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1686.811, 'start': 1493.356, 'title': 'Software testing life cycle', 'summary': 'Discusses the phases of software testing life cycle, including test environment setup, test execution, and test cycle closure, emphasizing the importance of automation testing over manual testing due to its speed, cost-effectiveness, and reduced error rates.', 'duration': 193.455, 'highlights': ['The testing team start executing test cases based on prepared test planning and prepare test cases in the prior step.', 'Selenium was founded as an automation testing tool to overcome the limitations and drawbacks of manual testing.', 'Automation testing is faster, needs less investment in human resource, not prone to errors, and supports regression and functional testing.', 'Manual testing involves challenges such as fatigue, boredom, delay in work, mistakes, and errors due to manual effort, leading to the need for automation testing.', 'Automation testing allows for the frequent execution of tests, supports lights out execution, and can be configured to test in different environments and web browsers.']}, {'end': 2135.657, 'start': 1687.552, 'title': 'Automation testing and software testing methods', 'summary': 'Discusses the benefits of automation testing, different testing methods including black box, white box, and gray box testing, the differences between functional and non-functional testing, software testing levels, and the importance of software testing documentation with artifacts such as test plan, test scenario, test case, and traceability matrix.', 'duration': 448.105, 'highlights': ["Benefits of automation testing Automation testing simplifies a tester's job and overcomes challenges faced with manual testing.", 'Software testing methods The chapter explains black box testing, white box testing, and gray box testing, highlighting their differences in internal structure knowledge.', 'Differences between functional and non-functional testing Functional testing is based on customer requirements, while non-functional testing is based on customer expectations, with examples provided for each.', 'Software testing levels The chapter covers unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing, detailing the sequence and purpose of each level.', 'Software testing documentation The importance of documenting test cases is discussed along with artifacts such as test plan, test scenario, test case, and traceability matrix, including their purposes and examples.']}], 'duration': 642.301, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg1493356.jpg', 'highlights': ['Automation testing is faster, needs less investment in human resource, not prone to errors, and supports regression and functional testing.', 'Selenium was founded as an automation testing tool to overcome the limitations and drawbacks of manual testing.', 'Automation testing allows for the frequent execution of tests, supports lights out execution, and can be configured to test in different environments and web browsers.', 'The testing team start executing test cases based on prepared test planning and prepare test cases in the prior step.', "Automation testing simplifies a tester's job and overcomes challenges faced with manual testing.", 'Software testing methods The chapter explains black box testing, white box testing, and gray box testing, highlighting their differences in internal structure knowledge.', 'Differences between functional and non-functional testing Functional testing is based on customer requirements, while non-functional testing is based on customer expectations, with examples provided for each.', 'Software testing levels The chapter covers unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing, detailing the sequence and purpose of each level.', 'Software testing documentation The importance of documenting test cases is discussed along with artifacts such as test plan, test scenario, test case, and traceability matrix, including their purposes and examples.']}, {'end': 2490.494, 'segs': [{'end': 2182.943, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2156.818, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2164.666, 'text': 'We should first understand the definition generally defect management can be defined as a process of detecting bugs and fixing them.', 'start': 2156.818, 'duration': 7.848}, {'end': 2170.972, 'text': 'It is necessary to say that bugs occur constantly in the process of software development.', 'start': 2165.046, 'duration': 5.926}, {'end': 2178.939, 'text': 'They are a part of the software industry, and that is because of the fact that software development is quite a complex process.', 'start': 2171.452, 'duration': 7.487}, {'end': 2182.943, 'text': 'The team members are usually placed in strict time frames.', 'start': 2179.42, 'duration': 3.523}], 'summary': 'Defect management involves detecting and fixing bugs in software development, a complex process with constant bug occurrence and strict time frames for team members.', 'duration': 26.125, 'max_score': 2156.818, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg2156818.jpg'}, {'end': 2358.014, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2324.361, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2327.604, 'text': 'defect life cycle is related to the bug found during testing.', 'start': 2324.361, 'duration': 3.243}, {'end': 2338.197, 'text': 'This life cycle can vary from organization to organization and also from project to project, based on several factors like organization policy,', 'start': 2328.224, 'duration': 9.973}, {'end': 2344.664, 'text': 'software development model, like agile iterative project timeline, team structure, etc.', 'start': 2338.197, 'duration': 6.467}, {'end': 2351.073, 'text': 'Bug or defect lifecycle consists of these following stages and that starts from new.', 'start': 2345.752, 'duration': 5.321}, {'end': 2358.014, 'text': 'This is the stage when a defect is logged and posted for the first time and that defect state is given as new.', 'start': 2351.473, 'duration': 6.541}], 'summary': 'Defect life cycle varies based on organization policy, software model, and team structure.', 'duration': 33.653, 'max_score': 2324.361, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg2324361.jpg'}, {'end': 2402.088, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2376.868, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2386.476, 'text': 'The developer has started analyzing and working on the defect fix and when developer makes necessary code changes and verifies the changes,', 'start': 2376.868, 'duration': 9.608}, {'end': 2391.94, 'text': 'he or she can make the bug status as fixed and the bug is passed the testing team.', 'start': 2386.476, 'duration': 5.464}, {'end': 2402.088, 'text': 'So at this stage the tester do the testing of the changed code, which the developer has given to him to check whether the defect has got fixed or not.', 'start': 2392.52, 'duration': 9.568}], 'summary': 'Developer analyzing and fixing defect, tester testing changed code for bug fix.', 'duration': 25.22, 'max_score': 2376.868, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg2376868.jpg'}, {'end': 2444.242, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2421.857, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2431.639, 'text': 'it should be verified by the tester again and again to check whether the bug is completely removed and the software or particular product is error-free,', 'start': 2421.857, 'duration': 9.782}, {'end': 2433.4, 'text': 'and then you have a closed state.', 'start': 2431.639, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 2438.121, 'text': 'That means once the bug is fixed, it is tested by the tester.', 'start': 2433.76, 'duration': 4.361}, {'end': 2444.242, 'text': 'if the tester feels that the bug no longer exists in the software, he or she changes the status of the bug to closed.', 'start': 2438.121, 'duration': 6.121}], 'summary': 'Testing verifies bug removal for error-free software and product, leading to closed status.', 'duration': 22.385, 'max_score': 2421.857, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg2421857.jpg'}, {'end': 2497.111, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2468.036, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 2471.819, 'text': 'The reasons for changing the bug to this state have many factors.', 'start': 2468.036, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 2481.186, 'text': 'Some of them are priority of the bug may be low, lack of time for the release, or the bug may not have major effect on the software,', 'start': 2472.34, 'duration': 8.846}, {'end': 2483.148, 'text': "and that's the reason it is said as deferred.", 'start': 2481.186, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 2490.494, 'text': 'So this is all about the bug life cycle and the various stages the bug goes through once it is new till closed.', 'start': 2483.748, 'duration': 6.746}, {'end': 2497.111, 'text': "Now let's move on to the widely used software testing type, that is automation testing.", 'start': 2491.468, 'duration': 5.643}], 'summary': "Bug lifecycle involves factors like priority, time, and impact. now, let's discuss automation testing.", 'duration': 29.075, 'max_score': 2468.036, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg2468036.jpg'}], 'start': 2136.218, 'title': 'Defect management and bug life cycle', 'summary': 'Covers defect management in software testing, emphasizing the process of detecting, reporting, fixing, and tracking bugs, and explains the bug life cycle stages from new to closed, highlighting actions and transitions within each stage.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2351.073, 'start': 2136.218, 'title': 'Defect management in software testing', 'summary': 'Explains the process of defect management in software testing, highlighting the importance of detecting, reporting, fixing, and tracking bugs, and the different stages of the defect life cycle.', 'duration': 214.855, 'highlights': ['Defect management is the process of detecting bugs and fixing them, which is essential in the software industry due to the complexity of software development. Defect management is crucial in the software industry as bugs are inevitable in the complex process of software development, emphasizing the importance of detecting and fixing them.', 'The defect management process includes four key steps: defect detection, formulation of bug reports, bug fixing, and creation of a bug list. The defect management process involves four main steps: defect detection, formulation of bug reports containing necessary information, bug fixing, and the creation of a bug list for tracking similar bugs.', 'Defect life cycle is the cycle that a defect or bug goes through from its discovery to closure, influenced by organization policies, development models, project timelines, and team structure. The defect life cycle involves various stages from discovery to closure and is influenced by organization policies, development models, project timelines, and team structure, showcasing its variability across organizations and projects.']}, {'end': 2490.494, 'start': 2351.473, 'title': 'Bug life cycle', 'summary': 'Explains the bug life cycle, including the stages from new to closed, as well as the actions and transitions within each stage, with an emphasis on the testing and development processes.', 'duration': 139.021, 'highlights': ['The bug life cycle includes stages such as new, assigned, open, fixed, reopen, verify, closed, rejected, and deferred, each representing specific states and actions within the bug resolution process.', "The tester's role involves posting the bug, testing the changed code, and verifying the bug fix, ultimately changing the bug status to closed if the bug no longer exists in the software.", "The developer's role includes analyzing and working on the defect fix, making necessary code changes, and verifying the changes before passing the bug to the testing team, emphasizing the process of fixing and validating the bug resolutions."]}], 'duration': 354.276, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg2136218.jpg', 'highlights': ['Defect management is crucial in the software industry due to the complexity of software development.', 'The defect management process includes four key steps: defect detection, bug report formulation, bug fixing, and creation of a bug list.', 'The defect life cycle involves various stages from discovery to closure and is influenced by organization policies, development models, project timelines, and team structure.', 'The bug life cycle includes stages such as new, assigned, open, fixed, reopen, verify, closed, rejected, and deferred, each representing specific states and actions within the bug resolution process.', "The tester's role involves posting the bug, testing the changed code, and verifying the bug fix, ultimately changing the bug status to closed if the bug no longer exists in the software.", "The developer's role includes analyzing and working on the defect fix, making necessary code changes, and verifying the changes before passing the bug to the testing team, emphasizing the process of fixing and validating the bug resolutions."]}, {'end': 3015.085, 'segs': [{'end': 2606.64, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2511.319, 'weight': 0.822, 'content': [{'end': 2522.431, 'text': 'So there are many tools to carry out automation testing, like Selenium TestingVis, HPE, Unified Functional Testing, TestCompete, Ranorax, WeightIR,', 'start': 2511.319, 'duration': 11.112}, {'end': 2526.859, 'text': 'WeightIN, Telerik Test Studio, Toscad Test and many more.', 'start': 2522.431, 'duration': 4.428}, {'end': 2531.109, 'text': 'So what is selenium and why it is a preferable tool?', 'start': 2527.586, 'duration': 3.523}, {'end': 2538.236, 'text': 'selenium is an open source tool which is used for automating the test carried on the web browser.', 'start': 2531.109, 'duration': 7.127}, {'end': 2540.197, 'text': 'wait before you get carried away.', 'start': 2538.236, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 2545.682, 'text': 'Let me reiterate it only testing of web applications is possible with selenium.', 'start': 2540.598, 'duration': 5.084}, {'end': 2551.828, 'text': 'We can neither test any desktop application nor test any mobile application using selenium.', 'start': 2546.143, 'duration': 5.685}, {'end': 2554.419, 'text': 'Since selenium is open source.', 'start': 2552.617, 'duration': 1.802}, {'end': 2560.624, 'text': 'There is no licensing cost involved which is a major advantage over other testing tools.', 'start': 2554.779, 'duration': 5.845}, {'end': 2563.475, 'text': 'So why do you prefer selenium?', 'start': 2561.374, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 2572.96, 'text': 'the reasons behind ever-growing popularity of selenium are test scripts can be written in any of these programming languages, like Java, Python C,', 'start': 2563.475, 'duration': 9.485}, {'end': 2582.626, 'text': 'sharp, PHP, Ruby Pearl and dotnet as well, and tests can also be carried out in any of the OS, like Windows operating system, Mac or Linux.', 'start': 2572.96, 'duration': 9.666}, {'end': 2591.891, 'text': 'Not only that, it can be carried out using any browser, like Mozilla, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Opera Safari, etc.', 'start': 2583.306, 'duration': 8.585}, {'end': 2600.296, 'text': 'and tests can be integrated with tools like TestNG and JUnit for managing test cases and generating the reports,', 'start': 2591.891, 'duration': 8.405}, {'end': 2606.64, 'text': 'and it can also be integrated with Maven, Jenkins and Docker to achieve continuous testing,', 'start': 2600.296, 'duration': 6.344}], 'summary': 'Selenium is an open source automation tool for web browser testing, offering flexibility in programming languages, os, browsers, and integration with various tools.', 'duration': 95.321, 'max_score': 2511.319, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg2511319.jpg'}, {'end': 2606.64, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2563.475, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2572.96, 'text': 'the reasons behind ever-growing popularity of selenium are test scripts can be written in any of these programming languages, like Java, Python C,', 'start': 2563.475, 'duration': 9.485}, {'end': 2582.626, 'text': 'sharp, PHP, Ruby Pearl and dotnet as well, and tests can also be carried out in any of the OS, like Windows operating system, Mac or Linux.', 'start': 2572.96, 'duration': 9.666}, {'end': 2591.891, 'text': 'Not only that, it can be carried out using any browser, like Mozilla, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Opera Safari, etc.', 'start': 2583.306, 'duration': 8.585}, {'end': 2600.296, 'text': 'and tests can be integrated with tools like TestNG and JUnit for managing test cases and generating the reports,', 'start': 2591.891, 'duration': 8.405}, {'end': 2606.64, 'text': 'and it can also be integrated with Maven, Jenkins and Docker to achieve continuous testing,', 'start': 2600.296, 'duration': 6.344}], 'summary': "Selenium's popularity stems from its language and os flexibility, browser compatibility, and integration with testng, junit, maven, jenkins, and docker.", 'duration': 43.165, 'max_score': 2563.475, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg2563475.jpg'}, {'end': 2736.221, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2705.984, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 2710.707, 'text': 'the best and most popular method to identify web element is to use ID.', 'start': 2705.984, 'duration': 4.723}, {'end': 2714.41, 'text': 'the ID of each element is alleged to be unique.', 'start': 2710.707, 'duration': 3.703}, {'end': 2721.614, 'text': 'IDs are the safest and fastest locator option and always should be the first choice, even when there are multiple choices.', 'start': 2714.41, 'duration': 7.204}, {'end': 2725.857, 'text': "It's like an employee number or account which will be unique.", 'start': 2722.354, 'duration': 3.503}, {'end': 2731.14, 'text': "Let's see an example how to locate it and how to write a particular script for selenium.", 'start': 2726.337, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 2736.221, 'text': 'So the very first step is to open your Eclipse create a class.', 'start': 2732.117, 'duration': 4.104}], 'summary': 'Using id is the best and fastest method to identify web elements in selenium, as it is alleged to be unique and the safest option.', 'duration': 30.237, 'max_score': 2705.984, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg2705984.jpg'}, {'end': 2997.759, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2973.701, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 2979.726, 'text': "It's showing an exception because I haven't imported the package and one more thing.", 'start': 2973.701, 'duration': 6.025}, {'end': 2987.112, 'text': 'I have said the implicitly wait for 30 seconds, which implies it will wait for 30 seconds and listen until the element is loaded.', 'start': 2980.126, 'duration': 6.986}, {'end': 2988.033, 'text': 'That is this one.', 'start': 2987.172, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 2994.558, 'text': 'So even after 30 seconds of the element is not loaded then it will throw an exception saying no such element found.', 'start': 2988.473, 'duration': 6.085}, {'end': 2997.759, 'text': "Okay, so that is the reason I'm using implicit weight.", 'start': 2995.118, 'duration': 2.641}], 'summary': 'Using implicit wait of 30 seconds to ensure element is loaded', 'duration': 24.058, 'max_score': 2973.701, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg2973701.jpg'}], 'start': 2491.468, 'title': 'Selenium automation testing', 'summary': 'Discusses automation testing with a focus on selenium, an open-source tool for automating web browser tests, which supports multiple programming languages, operating systems, and browsers, and explains the importance of selenium locators in uniquely identifying web elements, such as using id as the best and most popular method, along with a detailed example of using the id locator to locate and interact with web elements.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2606.64, 'start': 2491.468, 'title': 'Automation testing with selenium', 'summary': 'Discusses automation testing with a focus on selenium, an open-source tool for automating web browser tests, which supports multiple programming languages, operating systems, and browsers, and can be integrated with various tools for continuous testing.', 'duration': 115.172, 'highlights': ['Selenium is an open-source tool used for automating tests on web browsers, supporting multiple programming languages and operating systems, with no licensing cost involved, making it highly popular in the industry.', 'Test scripts in Selenium can be written in various programming languages such as Java, Python, C#, PHP, Ruby, Perl, and .NET, making it versatile and flexible for different development environments.', 'Selenium tests can be carried out on various operating systems like Windows, Mac, or Linux, and can be integrated with browsers such as Mozilla, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Opera, and Safari, providing extensive compatibility for testing.', 'Selenium can be integrated with tools like TestNG and JUnit for managing test cases and generating reports, as well as with Maven, Jenkins, and Docker to achieve continuous testing, enhancing its adaptability and utility in the software testing process.']}, {'end': 3015.085, 'start': 2606.64, 'title': 'Selenium locators and web element interaction', 'summary': 'Explains the importance of selenium locators in uniquely identifying web elements, such as using id as the best and most popular method, along with a detailed example of using the id locator to locate and interact with web elements, including entering text and clicking on a search button, and implementing implicit waits for element loading.', 'duration': 408.445, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the importance of selenium locators in uniquely identifying web elements, such as using ID as the best and most popular method. Using the ID locator is considered the safest and fastest locator option, ensuring faster and more reliable tests.', 'Detailed example of using the ID locator to locate and interact with web elements, including entering text and clicking on a search button. The example demonstrates locating the search box and using methods like findElement By.id and sendKeys to enter values and click on the search button.', 'Implementing implicit waits for element loading. The usage of implicit waits for 30 seconds to wait for the element to be loaded, ensuring dynamic waiting until the element is found or until the timeout is reached.']}], 'duration': 523.617, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg2491468.jpg', 'highlights': ['Selenium is an open-source tool used for automating tests on web browsers, supporting multiple programming languages and operating systems, with no licensing cost involved, making it highly popular in the industry.', 'Test scripts in Selenium can be written in various programming languages such as Java, Python, C#, PHP, Ruby, Perl, and .NET, making it versatile and flexible for different development environments.', 'Selenium tests can be carried out on various operating systems like Windows, Mac, or Linux, and can be integrated with browsers such as Mozilla, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Opera, and Safari, providing extensive compatibility for testing.', 'Selenium can be integrated with tools like TestNG and JUnit for managing test cases and generating reports, as well as with Maven, Jenkins, and Docker to achieve continuous testing, enhancing its adaptability and utility in the software testing process.', 'The chapter explains the importance of selenium locators in uniquely identifying web elements, such as using ID as the best and most popular method. Using the ID locator is considered the safest and fastest locator option, ensuring faster and more reliable tests.', 'Detailed example of using the ID locator to locate and interact with web elements, including entering text and clicking on a search button. The example demonstrates locating the search box and using methods like findElement By.id and sendKeys to enter values and click on the search button.', 'Implementing implicit waits for element loading. The usage of implicit waits for 30 seconds to wait for the element to be loaded, ensuring dynamic waiting until the element is found or until the timeout is reached.']}, {'end': 3639.704, 'segs': [{'end': 3068.162, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3040.5, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 3043.682, 'text': "That's all it's same like ID only but we have to use name.", 'start': 3040.5, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 3047.394, 'text': 'To locate a particular element using name locator.', 'start': 3044.733, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 3052.756, 'text': "I'll be using Minda comm say I want to do sign up and you can see here.", 'start': 3047.594, 'duration': 5.162}, {'end': 3054.297, 'text': 'It has an email address tab.', 'start': 3052.816, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 3064.681, 'text': "I'll just click on inspect and you can see it has element whose value is email name is an attribute whose value is email.", 'start': 3054.317, 'duration': 10.364}, {'end': 3066.881, 'text': "Correct So let's see how to do that.", 'start': 3065.141, 'duration': 1.74}, {'end': 3068.162, 'text': 'I want to sign up.', 'start': 3067.402, 'duration': 0.76}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating how to locate an element using a name locator for signing up.', 'duration': 27.662, 'max_score': 3040.5, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg3040500.jpg'}, {'end': 3178.504, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3152.634, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 3157.217, 'text': 'as you can see, it is written, as Chrome is being controlled by automated test software.', 'start': 3152.634, 'duration': 4.583}, {'end': 3163.722, 'text': 'Correct So this is how you can use thread.sleep in between the two elements and go on.', 'start': 3157.597, 'duration': 6.125}, {'end': 3173.081, 'text': 'Next we have link text that is useful only for links, that starts with the anchor tag and H reference, and if something text is present in the link,', 'start': 3164.557, 'duration': 8.524}, {'end': 3175.403, 'text': 'then you can use this link text locator.', 'start': 3173.081, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 3177.304, 'text': 'and next you have CSS selector.', 'start': 3175.403, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 3178.504, 'text': "It's very easy.", 'start': 3177.764, 'duration': 0.74}], 'summary': 'Using thread.sleep for automation, link text and css selector are explained.', 'duration': 25.87, 'max_score': 3152.634, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg3152634.jpg'}, {'end': 3221.6, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3198.003, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3204.897, 'text': 'So to demonstrate CSS selector, Say I want to locate the search box using CSS selector.', 'start': 3198.003, 'duration': 6.894}, {'end': 3209.918, 'text': 'So I have inspected that and I have mentioned ID as a unique locator.', 'start': 3205.297, 'duration': 4.621}, {'end': 3213.039, 'text': 'So whenever you write anything it will be with respect to ID.', 'start': 3210.258, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 3217.099, 'text': "So I'll show you how to locate the element using CSS.", 'start': 3213.519, 'duration': 3.58}, {'end': 3221.6, 'text': 'click on elements and click control F, where you can write string selector or X path.', 'start': 3217.099, 'duration': 4.501}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating css selector to locate the search box using id as a unique locator.', 'duration': 23.597, 'max_score': 3198.003, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg3198003.jpg'}, {'end': 3345.865, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3317.253, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3323.414, 'text': 'We can use partial link text to locate the elements and now talking about my favorite locator XPath.', 'start': 3317.253, 'duration': 6.161}, {'end': 3330.595, 'text': 'It is designed to allow the navigation of XML elements with the purpose of selecting individual elements,', 'start': 3323.914, 'duration': 6.681}, {'end': 3335.116, 'text': 'attributes or some part of an XML document for specific processing.', 'start': 3330.595, 'duration': 4.521}, {'end': 3337.056, 'text': 'So syntax goes like this.', 'start': 3335.834, 'duration': 1.222}, {'end': 3345.865, 'text': 'It has double forward slash a tag name at select attribute and attribute name followed by attribute value.', 'start': 3337.456, 'duration': 8.409}], 'summary': 'Xpath allows navigation of xml elements for selecting elements or attributes.', 'duration': 28.612, 'max_score': 3317.253, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg3317253.jpg'}, {'end': 3512.911, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3488.959, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3495.022, 'text': "Okay, it's a concept of the dynamic weight which weighs dynamically for specific conditions.", 'start': 3488.959, 'duration': 6.063}, {'end': 3498.284, 'text': 'It can be implemented by web driver weight class.', 'start': 3495.602, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 3502.866, 'text': "It doesn't have any keyword like explicit weight as it has for implicit.", 'start': 3499.004, 'duration': 3.862}, {'end': 3505.387, 'text': 'We can simply give web driver weight.', 'start': 3503.246, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 3512.911, 'text': "So here I am creating an object of weight and I'm sending my driver that will be this I am giving explicit weight as 20 seconds.", 'start': 3505.607, 'duration': 7.304}], 'summary': 'Concept of dynamic weight can be implemented using web driver weight class, allowing explicit weight of 20 seconds.', 'duration': 23.952, 'max_score': 3488.959, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg3488959.jpg'}], 'start': 3016.127, 'title': 'Web element locators and explicit weight in selenium', 'summary': 'Demonstrates automated test software to locate web elements using various locators achieving accurate and efficient element identification and interaction. it also introduces the usage of css selectors, partial link text, and xpath in selenium, along with practical examples, and explains the concept of explicit weight using web driver waits and its advantages.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3294.842, 'start': 3016.127, 'title': 'Automated web element locators', 'summary': 'Demonstrates how to use automated test software to locate web elements using various locators such as name, css selector, and thread.sleep, achieving accurate and efficient element identification and interaction.', 'duration': 278.715, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates how to use automated test software to locate web elements using various locators such as name, CSS selector, and thread.sleep. The transcript covers the process of using automated test software to locate web elements using locators such as name, CSS selector, and thread.sleep, showcasing efficient element identification and interaction.', "Demonstrates the usage of the 'name' locator to identify and interact with web elements, providing a practical example of using the 'name' attribute to locate an email address tab and automate the sign-up process. The transcript provides a practical demonstration of using the 'name' locator to automate the sign-up process by locating the email address tab using the 'name' attribute and interacting with it, showcasing practical usage and automation of web elements.", 'Illustrates the utilization of CSS selector for efficient element identification and interaction, demonstrating how to locate a specific element using its ID value and CSS selector. The transcript illustrates the efficient usage of CSS selector to locate a specific element using its ID value and CSS selector, highlighting the ease and efficiency of using CSS selector for element identification and interaction.', 'Explains the implementation of thread.sleep to introduce a delay in the automation process, providing a practical example of waiting for a specified duration before entering the password. The transcript explains the implementation of thread.sleep to introduce a delay in the automation process, showcasing a practical example of waiting for a specified duration before entering the password, emphasizing the control and precision in automation.']}, {'end': 3639.704, 'start': 3294.842, 'title': 'Using xpath and explicit weight in selenium', 'summary': 'Introduces the usage of css selectors, partial link text, and xpath in selenium for locating elements on a webpage, along with practical examples. additionally, it explains the concept of explicit weight using web driver waits and the advantages of using explicit weight over implicit weight in selenium.', 'duration': 344.862, 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces the usage of CSS selectors, partial link text, and XPath in Selenium for locating elements on a webpage, along with practical examples. Introduces the usage of CSS selectors, partial link text, and XPath in Selenium; Provides practical examples', 'Explains the concept of explicit weight using web driver waits and the advantages of using explicit weight over implicit weight in Selenium. Explains the concept of explicit weight using web driver waits; Discusses the advantages of using explicit weight over implicit weight in Selenium']}], 'duration': 623.577, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/T3q6QcCQZQg/pics/T3q6QcCQZQg3016127.jpg', 'highlights': ['Demonstrates automated test software to locate web elements using various locators achieving accurate and efficient element identification and interaction.', 'Introduces the usage of CSS selectors, partial link text, and XPath in Selenium for locating elements on a webpage, along with practical examples.', 'Explains the concept of explicit weight using web driver waits and the advantages of using explicit weight over implicit weight in Selenium.', 'Illustrates the utilization of CSS selector for efficient element identification and interaction, demonstrating how to locate a specific element using its ID value and CSS selector.', 'Explains the implementation of thread.sleep to introduce a delay in the automation process, providing a practical example of waiting for a specified duration before entering the password.', "Demonstrates the usage of the 'name' locator to identify and interact with web elements, providing a practical example of using the 'name' attribute to locate an email address tab and automate the sign-up process."]}], 'highlights': ['Software testing is crucial for identifying errors, gaps, and missing elements in a project or system, preventing system failure, and ensuring the success of software applications, which can impact business growth and human lives.', 'The examples of untested software causing airplane crashes and business bankruptcies highlight the potential hazards and monetary losses associated with inadequate testing.', 'The session covers software testing fundamentals, software development life cycle, principles of testing, software testing life cycle, methods of testing, automation testing, and tools like Selenium.', 'The roles of individuals involved in software testing include software testers, project developers, project leads, team managers, and end users, underscoring the diverse responsibilities and stakeholders in the testing process.', 'The successful implementation of software testing can lead to the identification of bugs and defects during the development phase, emphasizing the proactive nature of testing in preventing issues in software and applications.', 'Requirement gathering and analysis is the most important phase in SDLC, involving the collection and documentation of business needs in the business requirement specification.', 'Defining and documenting the product requirements through SRS involves key team members such as project manager, business analyst, and senior members, resulting in the software requirement specification.', 'The design phase includes high-level and low-level design steps, crucial in the project life cycle.', 'In the development phase, developers at all levels, including seniors, juniors, and freshers, are involved in building the software and writing the code for the product.', 'In the testing phase, the software is thoroughly tested for defects either manually or using automated tools, and the quality analyst ensures that the software is error-free.', 'The maintenance phase involves addressing issues found by customers after deployment, emphasizing the importance of ongoing support and problem-solving.', 'Spiral model allows requirement changes and is suitable for large and complicated projects.', 'The success of a project using the spiral model depends on the risk analysis phase.', 'Testing can be done in all phases of development activities, including requirement analysis, software specification, architectural design, module design, and implementation.', 'Various testing activities and artifacts are produced in each phase, such as requirements reviews, creation of test plans and test cases, execution of test cases, and production of artifacts like test results, test logs, defect reports, and traceability matrices.', 'Automation testing is faster, needs less investment in human resource, not prone to errors, and supports regression and functional testing.', 'Selenium was founded as an automation testing tool to overcome the limitations and drawbacks of manual testing.', 'Defect management is crucial in the software industry due to the complexity of software development.', 'The defect management process includes four key steps: defect detection, bug report formulation, bug fixing, and creation of a bug list.', 'Selenium is an open-source tool used for automating tests on web browsers, supporting multiple programming languages and operating systems, with no licensing cost involved, making it highly popular in the industry.', 'Test scripts in Selenium can be written in various programming languages such as Java, Python, C#, PHP, Ruby, Perl, and .NET, making it versatile and flexible for different development environments.', 'Selenium can be integrated with tools like TestNG and JUnit for managing test cases and generating reports, as well as with Maven, Jenkins, and Docker to achieve continuous testing, enhancing its adaptability and utility in the software testing process.']}