title
Java was created because of pointer bugs in C/C++ | James Gosling and Lex Fridman

description
See full episode (Lex Fridman Podcast): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IT__Nrr3PNI PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 CONNECT: - Subscribe to this YouTube channel - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Java was created because of pointer bugs in C/C++ | James Gosling and Lex Fridman', 'heatmap': [{'end': 390.137, 'start': 354.953, 'weight': 1}], 'summary': "Delves into java's origin story, the evolution from oak, and its impact on resolving security vulnerabilities in the 90s, emphasizing the need for understanding beyond c and c++ dominance. it also covers road trips to tech companies, networking redefinition, and trade-offs in the computer industry, highlighting the importance of software development best practices.", 'chapters': [{'end': 155.802, 'segs': [{'end': 71.401, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 34.344, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 37.986, 'text': 'So, a long time ago, at Sun, in about 1990,,', 'start': 34.344, 'duration': 3.642}, {'end': 52.053, 'text': 'there was a group of us who were kind of worried that there was stuff going on in the universe of computing that the computing industry was missing out on.', 'start': 37.986, 'duration': 14.067}, {'end': 63.494, 'text': 'Um, and so, uh, uh, a few of us started this project at sun that really got going.', 'start': 54.305, 'duration': 9.189}, {'end': 67.758, 'text': 'I mean, we started talking about it in 1990 and it really got going in 91.', 'start': 63.534, 'duration': 4.224}, {'end': 71.401, 'text': 'Um, and it was all about.', 'start': 67.758, 'duration': 3.643}], 'summary': 'A project at sun started in 1990 to address computing industry concerns.', 'duration': 37.057, 'max_score': 34.344, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RrMptmNYkSw/pics/RrMptmNYkSw34344.jpg'}, {'end': 155.802, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 96.089, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 110.217, 'text': 'you look at elevators and locomotives and process control systems in factories and all kinds of audio equipment and video equipment.', 'start': 96.089, 'duration': 14.128}, {'end': 114.799, 'text': 'They all had processors in them and they were all doing stuff with them.', 'start': 111.998, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 123.383, 'text': 'And it sort of felt like there was something going on there that we needed to understand.', 'start': 116.38, 'duration': 7.003}, {'end': 134.027, 'text': 'And.. So C and C++ was in the air already? Oh no, C and C++ absolutely owned the universe at that time.', 'start': 126.141, 'duration': 7.886}, {'end': 136.169, 'text': 'Everything was written in C and C++.', 'start': 134.308, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 144.757, 'text': 'So where was the hunch that there was a need for a revolution? Well, so the need for a revolution was not about a language.', 'start': 136.39, 'duration': 8.367}, {'end': 147.539, 'text': 'It was about..', 'start': 145.838, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 155.802, 'text': 'It was just as simple and vague as there are things happening We need to understand them.', 'start': 147.539, 'duration': 8.263}], 'summary': 'C and c++ dominated the programming landscape, prompting a need for revolution to understand the evolving technology.', 'duration': 59.713, 'max_score': 96.089, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RrMptmNYkSw/pics/RrMptmNYkSw96089.jpg'}], 'start': 3.024, 'title': "Java's origin story", 'summary': "Delves into the origin story of java, discussing its creation in the early 1990s at sun and the need to understand the computing industry's evolution beyond c and c++ dominance, driven by the proliferation of processors in various devices.", 'chapters': [{'end': 155.802, 'start': 3.024, 'title': "Java's origin story", 'summary': "Delves into the origin story of java, discussing its creation in the early 1990s at sun and the need to understand the computing industry's evolution beyond c and c++ dominance, driven by the proliferation of processors in various devices.", 'duration': 152.778, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the origin of Java, created in the early 1990s at Sun with a focus on understanding the evolving landscape of computing hardware and networking, driven by the proliferation of processors in various devices.', "The need to understand the computing industry's evolution beyond C and C++ dominance is highlighted, driven by the proliferation of processors in various devices, including cell phones, elevators, locomotives, process control systems, audio equipment, and video equipment.", "The chapter also emphasizes the prevalence of C and C++ at the time, stating that 'C and C++ absolutely owned the universe' in the early 1990s, showcasing the need for a new approach to address the evolving computing landscape."]}], 'duration': 152.778, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RrMptmNYkSw/pics/RrMptmNYkSw3024.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the origin of Java, created in the early 1990s at Sun with a focus on understanding the evolving landscape of computing hardware and networking, driven by the proliferation of processors in various devices.', "The need to understand the computing industry's evolution beyond C and C++ dominance is highlighted, driven by the proliferation of processors in various devices, including cell phones, elevators, locomotives, process control systems, audio equipment, and video equipment.", "The chapter also emphasizes the prevalence of C and C++ at the time, stating that 'C and C++ absolutely owned the universe' in the early 1990s, showcasing the need for a new approach to address the evolving computing landscape."]}, {'end': 419.898, 'segs': [{'end': 220.751, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 156.243, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 157.427, 'text': 'We need to understand them.', 'start': 156.243, 'duration': 1.184}, {'end': 168.441, 'text': 'And so a few of us went on several somewhat epic road trips.', 'start': 159.837, 'duration': 8.604}, {'end': 172.962, 'text': 'Literal road trips? Literal road trips.', 'start': 170.722, 'duration': 2.24}, {'end': 184.167, 'text': "It's like get on an airplane, go to Japan, visit Toshiba and Sharp and Mitsubishi and Sony and all of these folks.", 'start': 173.063, 'duration': 11.104}, {'end': 187.606, 'text': 'know, because we worked for sun.', 'start': 186.266, 'duration': 1.34}, {'end': 193.188, 'text': 'we had, you know, folks who were willing to like give us introductions.', 'start': 187.606, 'duration': 5.582}, {'end': 194.329, 'text': 'you know we.', 'start': 193.188, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 195.149, 'text': 'we visited.', 'start': 194.329, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 199.451, 'text': 'you know samsung and um.', 'start': 195.149, 'duration': 4.302}, {'end': 202.472, 'text': 'you know a bunch of korean companies and we went all over europe.', 'start': 199.451, 'duration': 3.021}, {'end': 203.032, 'text': 'we went to.', 'start': 202.472, 'duration': 0.56}, {'end': 210.955, 'text': 'you know places like like phillips and siemens and thompson, and what did you see there?', 'start': 203.032, 'duration': 7.923}, {'end': 211.255, 'text': 'you know.', 'start': 210.955, 'duration': 0.3}, {'end': 211.755, 'text': 'for me,', 'start': 211.255, 'duration': 0.5}, {'end': 220.751, 'text': 'the one of the things that sort of left out was that They were doing all the usual computer things that people had been doing like 20 years before.', 'start': 211.755, 'duration': 8.996}], 'summary': 'Explored tech companies globally, witnessing outdated practices.', 'duration': 64.508, 'max_score': 156.243, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RrMptmNYkSw/pics/RrMptmNYkSw156243.jpg'}, {'end': 394.72, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 354.953, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 370.131, 'text': 'or Like the one that always blew my mind was the way that the folks at Cray Supercomputers got their division to be really fast.', 'start': 354.953, 'duration': 15.178}, {'end': 373.833, 'text': 'was that they did Newton-Raphson approximations.', 'start': 370.131, 'duration': 3.702}, {'end': 384.398, 'text': 'And so the bottom several bits of A over B were essentially random numbers.', 'start': 375.534, 'duration': 8.864}, {'end': 390.137, 'text': 'What could possibly go wrong? What could go wrong? Right.', 'start': 386.715, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 394.72, 'text': 'And you know.', 'start': 391.338, 'duration': 3.382}], 'summary': 'Cray supercomputers division achieved speed using newton-raphson approximations.', 'duration': 142.868, 'max_score': 354.953, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RrMptmNYkSw/pics/RrMptmNYkSw354953.jpg'}], 'start': 156.243, 'title': 'Tech company road trips, reinventing computer networking, and trade-offs in computer industry', 'summary': 'Delves into the experience of visiting tech companies on road trips, redefining computer networking, and the trade-offs in the computer industry. it covers visits to companies such as toshiba, sharp, mitsubishi, sony, and samsung, and the lessons learned from consumer electronics companies. it also emphasizes the need for improvement in networking and the trade-offs between safety, reliability, and performance in the industry.', 'chapters': [{'end': 220.751, 'start': 156.243, 'title': 'Tech company road trips', 'summary': 'Discusses how the speaker and a few colleagues went on epic road trips to visit various tech companies including toshiba, sharp, mitsubishi, sony, samsung, and european companies, observing that these companies were doing the same computer things as 20 years before.', 'duration': 64.508, 'highlights': ['The speaker and colleagues went on epic road trips to visit tech companies like Toshiba, Sharp, Mitsubishi, Sony, Samsung, and European companies.', 'They observed that these companies were doing the same computer things as 20 years before.']}, {'end': 314.316, 'start': 221.778, 'title': 'Reinventing computer networking', 'summary': 'Discusses the experience of identifying mistakes in computer networking and the importance of customer relationships, highlighting the need for improvement and the valuable lessons learned from consumer electronics companies.', 'duration': 92.538, 'highlights': ['The importance of customer relationships was highlighted as a valuable lesson learned from consumer electronics companies.', 'Identifying 25 potential disasters in a networking project demonstrated the experience in the field.', 'Recognizing the repetition of mistakes in the computer science industry emphasized the need for improvement.']}, {'end': 419.898, 'start': 315.957, 'title': 'Trade-offs in computer industry', 'summary': 'Discusses the reluctance to make trade-offs for safety in the computer industry, highlighting the concern over reliability versus performance and the example of using newton-raphson approximations for speed at the expense of precision.', 'duration': 103.941, 'highlights': ["The computer industry's reluctance to make trade-offs for safety and reliability, prioritizing performance instead.", 'The example of Cray Supercomputers using Newton-Raphson approximations, sacrificing precision for speed.', 'Concern over running systems hotter and the potential risks involved.']}], 'duration': 263.655, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RrMptmNYkSw/pics/RrMptmNYkSw156243.jpg', 'highlights': ['The speaker and colleagues visited tech companies like Toshiba, Sharp, Mitsubishi, Sony, Samsung, and European companies on epic road trips.', 'The importance of customer relationships was highlighted as a valuable lesson learned from consumer electronics companies.', 'Identifying 25 potential disasters in a networking project demonstrated the experience in the field.', "The computer industry's reluctance to make trade-offs for safety and reliability, prioritizing performance instead.", 'Recognizing the repetition of mistakes in the computer science industry emphasized the need for improvement.', 'The example of Cray Supercomputers using Newton-Raphson approximations, sacrificing precision for speed.', 'Concern over running systems hotter and the potential risks involved.', 'They observed that these companies were doing the same computer things as 20 years before.']}, {'end': 798.149, 'segs': [{'end': 476.904, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 450.574, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 461.105, 'text': 'So kind of because it was easy and fun, we decided to build a control system for some home electronics, you know, TV, VCR, that kind of stuff.', 'start': 450.574, 'duration': 10.531}, {'end': 464.762, 'text': 'And as we were building it,', 'start': 462.681, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 476.904, 'text': 'we sort of discovered that there were some things about standard practice in C programming that were really getting in the way.', 'start': 464.762, 'duration': 12.142}], 'summary': 'Built a control system for home electronics, encountered issues with c programming.', 'duration': 26.33, 'max_score': 450.574, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RrMptmNYkSw/pics/RrMptmNYkSw450574.jpg'}, {'end': 571.273, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 516.155, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 522.296, 'text': 'You know, and we would talk about things that were going wrong, or things that were going wrong, things that were going right.', 'start': 516.155, 'duration': 6.141}, {'end': 534.839, 'text': 'And, you know, as we thought about, you know, things like the requirements for security and safety, some low-level details in C, like naked pointers.', 'start': 522.635, 'duration': 12.204}, {'end': 539, 'text': 'And you know.', 'start': 536.519, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 553.587, 'text': 'so back in the early 90s Um, it was well understood that you know the number one source of like security vulnerabilities is pointers,', 'start': 539, 'duration': 14.587}, {'end': 555.327, 'text': 'was just pointers, was just bugs.', 'start': 553.587, 'duration': 1.74}, {'end': 557.088, 'text': 'Yeah Right.', 'start': 556.047, 'duration': 1.041}, {'end': 564.37, 'text': 'And it was like, you know, 50, 60, 70% of all security vulnerabilities were bugs.', 'start': 557.208, 'duration': 7.162}, {'end': 567.951, 'text': 'And the vast majority of them were like buffer overflows.', 'start': 564.49, 'duration': 3.461}, {'end': 571.273, 'text': "So you're like, we have to fix this.", 'start': 569.252, 'duration': 2.021}], 'summary': 'In the early 90s, 50-70% of security vulnerabilities were bugs, mostly buffer overflows, prompting the need for a fix.', 'duration': 55.118, 'max_score': 516.155, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RrMptmNYkSw/pics/RrMptmNYkSw516155.jpg'}, {'end': 671.984, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 606.548, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 609.329, 'text': 'And Chrome is like a giant piece of C++ code.', 'start': 606.548, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 617.631, 'text': 'And 60 or 70% of all the security vulnerabilities were stupid pointer tricks.', 'start': 610.449, 'duration': 7.182}, {'end': 625.216, 'text': "And I thought, it's 30 years later, And we're still there.", 'start': 619.391, 'duration': 5.825}, {'end': 625.917, 'text': 'Still there.', 'start': 625.236, 'duration': 0.681}, {'end': 626.898, 'text': "And we're still there.", 'start': 626.197, 'duration': 0.701}, {'end': 635.626, 'text': "And that's one of those slap your forehead and and and just just just want to cry.", 'start': 626.918, 'duration': 8.708}, {'end': 640.25, 'text': 'so would you attribute uh, or is that too much of a simplification?', 'start': 635.626, 'duration': 4.624}, {'end': 647.837, 'text': 'but would you attribute the creation of java to uh, to c pointers, obvious problem?', 'start': 640.25, 'duration': 7.587}, {'end': 654.643, 'text': "well, i mean that was, that was one of the the trigger points and currency you've mentioned.", 'start': 647.837, 'duration': 6.806}, {'end': 656.264, 'text': 'concurrency was a big deal.', 'start': 654.643, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 665.696, 'text': "um, Because when you're interacting with people, the last thing you ever want to see is the thing like waiting.", 'start': 656.264, 'duration': 9.432}, {'end': 671.984, 'text': 'And issues about the software development process.', 'start': 665.716, 'duration': 6.268}], 'summary': "Chrome's code is 60-70% c++, and security vulnerabilities are still a problem after 30 years.", 'duration': 65.436, 'max_score': 606.548, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RrMptmNYkSw/pics/RrMptmNYkSw606548.jpg'}], 'start': 419.898, 'title': 'Evolution and creation of java', 'summary': 'Discusses the evolution of java from oak, addressing security vulnerabilities accounting for 50-70% of all security vulnerabilities in the 90s, and the impact of c pointers on the creation of java, with c++ code still vulnerable to 60-70% security vulnerabilities from pointer tricks.', 'chapters': [{'end': 605.388, 'start': 419.898, 'title': 'Evolution of java from oak', 'summary': 'Discusses the evolution of java from oak, highlighting the discovery of c programming limitations and the motivation to address security vulnerabilities, which accounted for 50-70% of all security vulnerabilities in the 90s.', 'duration': 185.49, 'highlights': ['The motivation to address security vulnerabilities, which accounted for 50-70% of all security vulnerabilities in the 90s, was a key factor in the evolution of Java from Oak.', 'The discovery of limitations in standard C programming practices, particularly related to security and safety requirements, led to the realization that improvements were needed.', 'The decision to build a control system for home electronics using a demo prototype approach was driven by the desire to better understand and overcome C programming challenges.']}, {'end': 798.149, 'start': 606.548, 'title': "Java's creation and pointer bugs", 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of c pointers on the creation of java, concurrency issues, and the significance of addressing pointer bugs for safety, security, and developer velocity, with c++ code still vulnerable to 60-70% security vulnerabilities from pointer tricks.', 'duration': 191.601, 'highlights': ['C++ code still vulnerable to 60-70% security vulnerabilities from pointer tricks Despite advancements, C++ code in Chrome remains susceptible to 60-70% of security vulnerabilities caused by pointer tricks, reflecting the persistent challenge in addressing these issues.', 'Impact of C pointers on the creation of Java and concurrency issues The creation of Java was influenced by C pointers, and concurrency issues were a significant concern, highlighting the lasting impact of pointer problems on subsequent programming languages and software development processes.', 'Significance of addressing pointer bugs for safety, security, and developer velocity The emphasis on addressing pointer bugs extends beyond safety and security, encompassing developer velocity, as the effort to mitigate mystery pointer bugs and ensure immediate and visible failure is crucial for efficient software development.']}], 'duration': 378.251, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RrMptmNYkSw/pics/RrMptmNYkSw419898.jpg', 'highlights': ['The motivation to address security vulnerabilities, which accounted for 50-70% of all security vulnerabilities in the 90s, was a key factor in the evolution of Java from Oak.', 'C++ code still vulnerable to 60-70% security vulnerabilities from pointer tricks Despite advancements, C++ code in Chrome remains susceptible to 60-70% of security vulnerabilities caused by pointer tricks, reflecting the persistent challenge in addressing these issues.', 'The decision to build a control system for home electronics using a demo prototype approach was driven by the desire to better understand and overcome C programming challenges.', 'Impact of C pointers on the creation of Java and concurrency issues The creation of Java was influenced by C pointers, and concurrency issues were a significant concern, highlighting the lasting impact of pointer problems on subsequent programming languages and software development processes.', 'The discovery of limitations in standard C programming practices, particularly related to security and safety requirements, led to the realization that improvements were needed.', 'Significance of addressing pointer bugs for safety, security, and developer velocity The emphasis on addressing pointer bugs extends beyond safety and security, encompassing developer velocity, as the effort to mitigate mystery pointer bugs and ensure immediate and visible failure is crucial for efficient software development.']}, {'end': 1081.452, 'segs': [{'end': 832.181, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 798.149, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 810.5, 'text': 'one of the things that was a real attraction of Java to lots of development shops was that you know we get our code up and running twice as fast.', 'start': 798.149, 'duration': 12.351}, {'end': 817.296, 'text': 'You mean like the entirety of the development process, debugging, all that kind of stuff? Yeah.', 'start': 812.133, 'duration': 5.163}, {'end': 832.181, 'text': 'So if you measure time from you first touch fingers to keyboard until you get your first demo out, not much different.', 'start': 817.336, 'duration': 14.845}], 'summary': 'Java attracted development shops with code running twice as fast.', 'duration': 34.032, 'max_score': 798.149, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RrMptmNYkSw/pics/RrMptmNYkSw798149.jpg'}, {'end': 882.744, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 856.16, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 866.342, 'text': 'But also, one of the things that you get out of object-oriented programming is a strict methodology about what are the interfaces between things.', 'start': 856.16, 'duration': 10.182}, {'end': 871.513, 'text': 'And being really clear about how parts relate to each other.', 'start': 867.422, 'duration': 4.091}, {'end': 882.744, 'text': 'And what that helps with is so many times what people do is they kind of like sneak around the side.', 'start': 871.533, 'duration': 11.211}], 'summary': 'Object-oriented programming provides clear interfaces and relationships between parts.', 'duration': 26.584, 'max_score': 856.16, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RrMptmNYkSw/pics/RrMptmNYkSw856160.jpg'}, {'end': 982.01, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 913.326, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 918.85, 'text': 'And because they were sneaking through a side door.', 'start': 913.326, 'duration': 5.524}, {'end': 925.695, 'text': 'And normally the attitude is, dummy.', 'start': 918.87, 'duration': 6.825}, {'end': 937.016, 'text': "But a lot of times, you know, you can't just slap their hand and tell them to not do that.", 'start': 927.577, 'duration': 9.439}, {'end': 953.636, 'text': "Because it's somebody's, you know, some bank's, you know account reconciliation system that you know, some developer decided oh, I'm lazy.", 'start': 937.938, 'duration': 15.698}, {'end': 955.838, 'text': "you know, I'll just sneak through the back door.", 'start': 953.636, 'duration': 2.202}, {'end': 959.581, 'text': "And because the language allows it, I mean, you can't even mad at them.", 'start': 955.958, 'duration': 3.623}, {'end': 969.409, 'text': "And so one of the things I did that on the one hand upset a bunch of people, was that I made it so that you really couldn't go through back doors,", 'start': 959.801, 'duration': 9.608}, {'end': 982.01, 'text': "right?. So the whole point of that was to say If the interface here isn't right, the wrong way to deal with that is to go through a back door.", 'start': 969.409, 'duration': 12.601}], 'summary': 'Implemented measures to prevent unauthorized access through back doors in the system.', 'duration': 68.684, 'max_score': 913.326, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RrMptmNYkSw/pics/RrMptmNYkSw913326.jpg'}, {'end': 1081.452, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1011.739, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1020.421, 'text': "a lot of this stuff isn't quite so important because you're both sides of the interface.", 'start': 1011.739, 'duration': 8.682}, {'end': 1031.173, 'text': "But when you're building sort of larger, more complex pieces of software that have a lot of people working on them,", 'start': 1022.641, 'duration': 8.532}, {'end': 1049.625, 'text': 'and especially when they span organizations, having clarity about how that stuff gets structured saves your life.', 'start': 1031.173, 'duration': 18.452}, {'end': 1053.128, 'text': "There's so much software that is fundamentally untestable.", 'start': 1050.025, 'duration': 3.103}, {'end': 1058.212, 'text': 'until you do the real thing.', 'start': 1055.249, 'duration': 2.963}, {'end': 1062.455, 'text': "It's better to write good code in the beginning,", 'start': 1059.032, 'duration': 3.423}, {'end': 1070.242, 'text': 'as opposed to writing crappy code and then trying to fix it and trying to scramble and figure out through testing.', 'start': 1062.455, 'duration': 7.787}, {'end': 1071.383, 'text': 'figure out where the bugs are.', 'start': 1070.242, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 1081.452, 'text': "Yeah, it's like which shortcut caused that rocket to not get where it was needed to go?", 'start': 1071.523, 'duration': 9.929}], 'summary': 'Clear software structure is crucial for complex projects with many collaborators and across organizations, as it ensures testability and prevents critical errors.', 'duration': 69.713, 'max_score': 1011.739, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RrMptmNYkSw/pics/RrMptmNYkSw1011739.jpg'}], 'start': 798.149, 'title': 'Java development efficiency, dealing with backdoor access, and software development best practices', 'summary': 'Discusses the benefits of java development for faster code implementation, the challenges of dealing with backdoor access, and the importance of software development best practices in ensuring system security and stability.', 'chapters': [{'end': 882.744, 'start': 798.149, 'title': 'Java development efficiency', 'summary': 'Discusses how java development offers faster code implementation and debugging, potentially leading to a quicker time to production release, attributed to the benefits of object-oriented programming and clear interface definition.', 'duration': 84.595, 'highlights': ['Java development shops were attracted to the language due to the ability to get code up and running twice as fast, leading to a quicker time to production release.', 'Object-oriented programming provides a strict methodology for defining interfaces between components, aiding in clearly understanding how parts relate to each other.']}, {'end': 982.01, 'start': 883.645, 'title': 'Dealing with backdoor access', 'summary': "Discusses the challenges of dealing with backdoor access in a system, highlighting the importance of preventing unauthorized access and the impact on the system's stability and security.", 'duration': 98.365, 'highlights': ['Preventing unauthorized backdoor access is crucial for maintaining system integrity and security, as it can lead to code breaking and instability.', 'The chapter emphasizes the significance of addressing interface issues directly rather than resorting to backdoor access, highlighting the potential risks and impact on system stability and security.', 'Developers may be tempted to use backdoor access due to laziness or convenience, posing a threat to sensitive systems such as bank account reconciliation.']}, {'end': 1081.452, 'start': 982.55, 'title': 'Software development best practices', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of clarity and structure in software development, highlighting the impact of writing good code from the beginning and the challenges of testing unstructured software in large-scale projects.', 'duration': 98.902, 'highlights': ['Having clarity about how software gets structured is crucial in larger, complex projects with multiple contributors and across organizations.', 'Writing good code from the beginning is emphasized as it saves time and effort compared to fixing buggy code through testing.', 'The chapter also emphasizes the untestable nature of much software until the real thing is done, highlighting the importance of writing good code from the start.']}], 'duration': 283.303, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RrMptmNYkSw/pics/RrMptmNYkSw798149.jpg', 'highlights': ['Java development enables faster code implementation, reducing time to production release.', 'Object-oriented programming aids in clearly understanding component relationships.', 'Preventing unauthorized backdoor access is crucial for system integrity and security.', 'Addressing interface issues directly is emphasized over resorting to backdoor access.', "Developers' temptation to use backdoor access poses a threat to sensitive systems.", 'Clarity in software structure is crucial for complex projects with multiple contributors.', 'Writing good code from the beginning saves time and effort compared to fixing buggy code.', 'The untestable nature of much software until the real thing is done highlights the importance of writing good code from the start.']}], 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the origin of Java, created in the early 1990s at Sun with a focus on understanding the evolving landscape of computing hardware and networking, driven by the proliferation of processors in various devices.', "The need to understand the computing industry's evolution beyond C and C++ dominance is highlighted, driven by the proliferation of processors in various devices, including cell phones, elevators, locomotives, process control systems, audio equipment, and video equipment.", "The chapter also emphasizes the prevalence of C and C++ at the time, stating that 'C and C++ absolutely owned the universe' in the early 1990s, showcasing the need for a new approach to address the evolving computing landscape.", 'The motivation to address security vulnerabilities, which accounted for 50-70% of all security vulnerabilities in the 90s, was a key factor in the evolution of Java from Oak.', 'C++ code still vulnerable to 60-70% security vulnerabilities from pointer tricks Despite advancements, C++ code in Chrome remains susceptible to 60-70% of security vulnerabilities caused by pointer tricks, reflecting the persistent challenge in addressing these issues.', 'Java development enables faster code implementation, reducing time to production release.', 'Object-oriented programming aids in clearly understanding component relationships.', 'Preventing unauthorized backdoor access is crucial for system integrity and security.', 'Addressing interface issues directly is emphasized over resorting to backdoor access.', "Developers' temptation to use backdoor access poses a threat to sensitive systems."]}