title
Life is fundamentally tragic | Max Tegmark and Lex Fridman

description
Lex Fridman Podcast full episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RL4j4KPwNGM Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - The Jordan Harbinger Show: https://www.jordanharbinger.com/lex/ - Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free GUEST BIO: Max Tegmark is a physicist and AI researcher at MIT. PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 CONNECT: - Subscribe to this YouTube channel - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Life is fundamentally tragic | Max Tegmark and Lex Fridman', 'heatmap': [{'end': 364.557, 'start': 352.333, 'weight': 0.703}], 'summary': 'Max tegmark and lex fridman discuss the mortality of human civilization, pondering beyond the great filter, redefining death in terms of information and processing, and exploring the potential of post-biological intelligence for preserving teachings and memories.', 'chapters': [{'end': 186.418, 'segs': [{'end': 47.736, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3.752, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 10.134, 'text': "So that's the end, the mortality, the death of human civilization that we've been discussing in life,", 'start': 3.752, 'duration': 6.382}, {'end': 13.115, 'text': 'maybe prospering beyond any kind of great filter.', 'start': 10.134, 'duration': 2.981}, {'end': 16.056, 'text': 'Do you think about your own death?', 'start': 13.715, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 21.298, 'text': 'Does it make you sad that you may not witness some of the?', 'start': 16.376, 'duration': 4.922}, {'end': 29.95, 'text': 'You lead a research group on working some of the biggest questions in the universe, actually both on the physics and the AI side.', 'start': 23.26, 'duration': 6.69}, {'end': 38.011, 'text': "Does it make you sad that you may not be able to see some of these exciting things come to fruition that we've been talking about? Of course.", 'start': 29.97, 'duration': 8.041}, {'end': 40.673, 'text': "Of course it sucks, the fact that I'm going to die.", 'start': 38.652, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 47.736, 'text': 'I remember once when I was much younger, my dad made this remark that life is fundamentally tragic.', 'start': 41.833, 'duration': 5.903}], 'summary': 'Discussion on mortality and sadness of not witnessing exciting advancements in research and civilization.', 'duration': 43.984, 'max_score': 3.752, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RoCgfMUyrNE/pics/RoCgfMUyrNE3752.jpg'}, {'end': 144.691, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 94.906, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 104.613, 'text': 'that it gets to be alive right now and is a steady reminder to just live life to the fullest and really enjoy it, because it is finite, you know?', 'start': 94.906, 'duration': 9.707}, {'end': 116.54, 'text': "And I think actually and we all get the regular reminders when someone near and dear to us dies that you know one day it's gonna be our turn.", 'start': 105.093, 'duration': 11.447}, {'end': 117.901, 'text': 'It adds this kind of focus.', 'start': 116.56, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 126.466, 'text': 'I wonder what it would feel like actually to be an immortal being if they might even enjoy some of the wonderful things of life a little bit less,', 'start': 118.581, 'duration': 7.885}, {'end': 130.489, 'text': "just because there isn't that.", 'start': 126.466, 'duration': 4.023}, {'end': 131.609, 'text': 'Finiteness? Yeah.', 'start': 130.489, 'duration': 1.12}, {'end': 135.712, 'text': 'Do you think that could be a feature, not a bug, the fact that we..', 'start': 131.629, 'duration': 4.083}, {'end': 138.449, 'text': 'beings are finite.', 'start': 137.369, 'duration': 1.08}, {'end': 144.691, 'text': "Maybe there's lessons for engineering in artificial intelligence systems as well that are conscious.", 'start': 139.19, 'duration': 5.501}], 'summary': 'Embrace life to the fullest as finite beings; contemplate implications for ai.', 'duration': 49.785, 'max_score': 94.906, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RoCgfMUyrNE/pics/RoCgfMUyrNE94906.jpg'}, {'end': 201.718, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 167.324, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 173.929, 'text': "I do think I appreciate the pistachio ice cream a lot more knowing that there's only a finite number of times I get to enjoy that.", 'start': 167.324, 'duration': 6.605}, {'end': 177.412, 'text': 'And I can only remember a finite number of times in the past.', 'start': 174.91, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 184.877, 'text': 'And moreover, my life is not so long that it just starts to feel like things are repeating themselves in general.', 'start': 178.873, 'duration': 6.004}, {'end': 186.418, 'text': "It's so new and fresh.", 'start': 185.257, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 201.718, 'text': 'I also think though that death is a little bit overrated in the sense that it comes from a sort of outdated view of physics and what life actually is.', 'start': 187.599, 'duration': 14.119}], 'summary': "Finite experiences shape appreciation, life's freshness, and death's overratedness.", 'duration': 34.394, 'max_score': 167.324, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RoCgfMUyrNE/pics/RoCgfMUyrNE167324.jpg'}], 'start': 3.752, 'title': "Pondering human civilization's end", 'summary': 'Discusses the mortality of human civilization, pondering on the possibility of prospering beyond the great filter and the sadness of not witnessing exciting advancements in the universe, including physics and ai research.', 'chapters': [{'end': 47.736, 'start': 3.752, 'title': 'The tragic end of human civilization', 'summary': 'Discusses the mortality of human civilization, pondering on the possibility of prospering beyond the great filter and the sadness of not witnessing the exciting advancements in the universe, including physics and ai research.', 'duration': 43.984, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the mortality of human civilization and the possibility of prospering beyond the great filter. The speaker reflects on the mortality of human civilization and the potential for prospering beyond a significant barrier or challenge.', 'Pondering on the sadness of not witnessing the exciting advancements in the universe, including physics and AI research. The speaker expresses sadness at the thought of not being able to witness the exciting advancements in the universe, particularly in the fields of physics and AI research.', "The speaker recalls a remark from their father that life is fundamentally tragic. The speaker recollects their father's remark about the fundamental tragic nature of life, indicating a personal reflection on the concept of tragedy in human existence."]}, {'end': 186.418, 'start': 47.816, 'title': 'Contemplating finiteness and enjoying life', 'summary': 'Delves into the concept of finiteness, reminding us to live life to the fullest and enjoy the present, and ponders whether the limitations of life enhance our appreciation for its experiences.', 'duration': 138.602, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the profound realization of finiteness, emphasizing the importance of living life to the fullest and savoring the present. Emphasizes the importance of living life to the fullest; highlights the concept of finiteness; encourages savoring the present moment.', "The speaker reflects on the potential impact of immortality on the enjoyment of life, raising questions about the significance of finiteness in enhancing the appreciation of life's wonders. Reflects on the impact of immortality on life enjoyment; raises questions about the significance of finiteness.", 'The discussion includes the idea that the limitations of life may contribute to a deeper appreciation for experiences, such as savoring pistachio ice cream due to its finite enjoyment. Suggests that limitations of life contribute to deeper appreciation; uses pistachio ice cream as an example of finite enjoyment.']}], 'duration': 182.666, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RoCgfMUyrNE/pics/RoCgfMUyrNE3752.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the mortality of human civilization and the possibility of prospering beyond the great filter.', 'The speaker reflects on the potential impact of immortality on the enjoyment of life, raising questions about the significance of finiteness.', 'Emphasizes the importance of living life to the fullest; highlights the concept of finiteness; encourages savoring the present moment.', 'The speaker expresses sadness at the thought of not being able to witness the exciting advancements in the universe, particularly in the fields of physics and AI research.', 'The discussion includes the idea that the limitations of life may contribute to a deeper appreciation for experiences, such as savoring pistachio ice cream due to its finite enjoyment.', 'The speaker recalls a remark from their father that life is fundamentally tragic.']}, {'end': 364.557, 'segs': [{'end': 277.397, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 241.306, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 246.387, 'text': "It's the information in processing, Amy.", 'start': 241.306, 'duration': 5.081}, {'end': 254.289, 'text': "That's my memories, that's my values, my dreams, my passion, my love.", 'start': 247.247, 'duration': 7.042}, {'end': 259.491, 'text': "That's what's really fundamentally me.", 'start': 257.649, 'duration': 1.842}, {'end': 266.81, 'text': 'And frankly, not all of that will die when my body dies.', 'start': 260.646, 'duration': 6.164}, {'end': 277.397, 'text': 'Like Richard Feynman, for example, his body died of cancer, but many of his ideas that he felt made him very, him actually live on.', 'start': 266.87, 'duration': 10.527}], 'summary': "Memories, values, dreams, and passion live on beyond the body, as seen in richard feynman's case.", 'duration': 36.091, 'max_score': 241.306, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RoCgfMUyrNE/pics/RoCgfMUyrNE241306.jpg'}, {'end': 335.845, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 302.868, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 313.291, 'text': 'that my students feel worthy enough to copy and adopt as some part of things that they know or they believe or aspire to.', 'start': 302.868, 'duration': 10.423}, {'end': 315.492, 'text': 'now I live on also a little bit in them, right?', 'start': 313.291, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 326.178, 'text': 'And so Being a teacher is a little bit of what I.', 'start': 316.612, 'duration': 9.566}, {'end': 332.663, 'text': "that's something also that contributes to making me a little teeny bit less mortal, right?", 'start': 326.178, 'duration': 6.485}, {'end': 335.845, 'text': "Because I'm not, at least not all, gonna die all at once, right?", 'start': 332.703, 'duration': 3.142}], 'summary': "Teaching makes me feel less mortal, impacting students' knowledge and beliefs.", 'duration': 32.977, 'max_score': 302.868, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RoCgfMUyrNE/pics/RoCgfMUyrNE302868.jpg'}, {'end': 381.495, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 352.333, 'weight': 0.703, 'content': [{'end': 356.234, 'text': "And I'm getting a bit emotional here, but it's a very beautiful idea you bring up there.", 'start': 352.333, 'duration': 3.901}, {'end': 364.557, 'text': 'I think we should stop this old-fashioned materialism and just equate who we are with our quarks and electrons.', 'start': 356.814, 'duration': 7.743}, {'end': 367.518, 'text': "There's no scientific basis for that really.", 'start': 365.657, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 371.299, 'text': "And it's also very uninspiring.", 'start': 368.478, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 377.221, 'text': 'Now, if you look a little bit towards the future, right?', 'start': 373.66, 'duration': 3.561}, {'end': 381.495, 'text': 'One thing which really sucks about humans dying is that,', 'start': 378.493, 'duration': 3.002}], 'summary': 'Proposes moving away from materialism to equate who we are with quarks and electrons, but lacks scientific basis and inspiration.', 'duration': 29.162, 'max_score': 352.333, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RoCgfMUyrNE/pics/RoCgfMUyrNE352333.jpg'}], 'start': 187.599, 'title': 'Redefining death', 'summary': "Discusses the modern perspective of life and death, emphasizing that one's fundamental essence lies in their information and processing, as exemplified by the continuity of ideas and values beyond physical mortality.", 'chapters': [{'end': 364.557, 'start': 187.599, 'title': 'Redefining death: a modern perspective', 'summary': "Discusses the modern perspective of life and death, emphasizing that one's fundamental essence lies in their information and processing, as exemplified by the continuity of ideas and values beyond physical mortality.", 'duration': 176.958, 'highlights': ["One's fundamental essence lies in their information and processing, such as memories, values, dreams, and passion. The speaker emphasizes that from a modern physics perspective, the fundamental aspect of a person is their information and processing, including memories, values, dreams, and passion, rather than the physical components.", "The continuity of ideas and values beyond physical mortality, as demonstrated by the example of Richard Feynman. The speaker cites the example of Richard Feynman to illustrate how ideas and values can outlive physical death, emphasizing the continuity of a person's essence through the perpetuation of their ideas and values beyond their own lifetime.", "The concept of living on through influencing others, as seen through the speaker's role as a teacher and the emotional impact of carrying forward the essence of respected individuals. The speaker expresses the idea of living on through influencing others, particularly as a teacher, and the emotional impact of perpetuating the essence of respected individuals, highlighting the significance of impacting others as a means of transcending mortal limitations."]}], 'duration': 176.958, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RoCgfMUyrNE/pics/RoCgfMUyrNE187599.jpg', 'highlights': ['The fundamental essence lies in information and processing, not physical components.', 'Ideas and values can outlive physical death, exemplified by Richard Feynman.', 'Living on through influencing others, especially as a teacher, transcends mortal limitations.']}, {'end': 621.219, 'segs': [{'end': 418.032, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 365.657, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 367.518, 'text': "There's no scientific basis for that really.", 'start': 365.657, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 371.299, 'text': "And it's also very uninspiring.", 'start': 368.478, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 377.221, 'text': 'Now, if you look a little bit towards the future, right?', 'start': 373.66, 'duration': 3.561}, {'end': 381.495, 'text': 'One thing which really sucks about humans dying is that,', 'start': 378.493, 'duration': 3.002}, {'end': 388.661, 'text': 'even though some of their teachings and memories and stories and ethics and so on will be copied by those around them,', 'start': 381.495, 'duration': 7.166}, {'end': 392.984, 'text': "hopefully a lot of it can't be copied and just dies with them with their brain.", 'start': 388.661, 'duration': 4.323}, {'end': 393.905, 'text': 'And that really sucks.', 'start': 393.024, 'duration': 0.881}, {'end': 404.052, 'text': "That's the fundamental reason why we find it so tragic when someone goes from having all this information there to just gone ruined, right?", 'start': 394.185, 'duration': 9.867}, {'end': 410.826, 'text': "With more post-biological intelligence, that's going to shift a lot, right?", 'start': 405.173, 'duration': 5.653}, {'end': 418.032, 'text': "The only reason it's so hard to make a backup of your brain in its entirety is exactly because it wasn't built for that, right?", 'start': 412.167, 'duration': 5.865}], 'summary': "The limitations of human memory and the potential for post-biological intelligence are discussed, highlighting the difficulty in preserving the entirety of one's brain as a backup.", 'duration': 52.375, 'max_score': 365.657, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RoCgfMUyrNE/pics/RoCgfMUyrNE365657.jpg'}, {'end': 476.301, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 449.24, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 453.303, 'text': "And it's not just mortality that will change if we get more post-biological life.", 'start': 449.24, 'duration': 4.063}, {'end': 460.909, 'text': "It's also with that, I think, very much the whole individualism we have now, right?", 'start': 453.923, 'duration': 6.986}, {'end': 467.914, 'text': "The reason that we make such a big difference between me and you is exactly because we're a little bit limited in how much we can copy.", 'start': 460.949, 'duration': 6.965}, {'end': 474.119, 'text': 'Like, I would just love to go like this and copy your Russian skills, Russian-speaking skills.', 'start': 467.954, 'duration': 6.165}, {'end': 476.301, 'text': "Wouldn't it be awesome? But I can't.", 'start': 474.78, 'duration': 1.521}], 'summary': 'Advancements in post-biological life may challenge individualism and allow for unlimited skill replication.', 'duration': 27.061, 'max_score': 449.24, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RoCgfMUyrNE/pics/RoCgfMUyrNE449240.jpg'}, {'end': 555.713, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 525.566, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 536.654, 'text': "I don't pretend to know what it would feel like to be a super intelligent machine, but I'm quite confident that,", 'start': 525.566, 'duration': 11.088}, {'end': 541.137, 'text': 'however it feels about mortality and individuality will be very, very different from how it is for us.', 'start': 536.654, 'duration': 4.483}, {'end': 551.01, 'text': 'Well, for us, mortality and finiteness seems to be pretty important at this particular moment.', 'start': 543.706, 'duration': 7.304}, {'end': 555.713, 'text': 'And so all good things must come to an end, just like this conversation.', 'start': 551.171, 'duration': 4.542}], 'summary': 'Super intelligent machines have a different view on mortality and individuality compared to humans.', 'duration': 30.147, 'max_score': 525.566, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RoCgfMUyrNE/pics/RoCgfMUyrNE525566.jpg'}], 'start': 365.657, 'title': 'Post-biological intelligence and immortality', 'summary': 'Explores the potential of post-biological intelligence for preserving teachings and memories, addressing the limitations of human mortality. it also delves into the societal implications of potential immortality and loss of individuality in post-biological life.', 'chapters': [{'end': 418.032, 'start': 365.657, 'title': 'Post-biological intelligence', 'summary': 'Discusses the limitations of human mortality and the potential for preserving teachings and memories through post-biological intelligence, highlighting the fundamental reason for the tragic impact of death and the shift expected with advancements in technology.', 'duration': 52.375, 'highlights': ['Advancements in post-biological intelligence can potentially preserve human teachings and memories, mitigating the loss caused by mortality.', 'The limitations of human mortality result in the tragic loss of unique knowledge and experiences, which cannot be fully replicated or preserved.', 'The difficulty in creating a complete backup of the human brain stems from its lack of inherent design for such preservation.']}, {'end': 555.713, 'start': 418.872, 'title': 'Post-biological life and immortality', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential immortality and loss of individuality in post-biological life, where information can be freely copied and shared, leading to a more collaborative and less individualistic society.', 'duration': 136.841, 'highlights': ['Post-biological life could lead to potential immortality by freely copying all information, altering the concept of individuality and mortality.', 'Sharing and copying skills and experiences in a post-biological society may lead to a more collaborative and less individualistic society.', 'Speculation on the significant shift in perspective on mortality and individuality for super intelligent machines compared to humans.']}, {'end': 621.219, 'start': 555.913, 'title': 'Conversation with inspiring author', 'summary': "Highlights the honor of engaging in a podcast conversation, the impact of the author's work on inspiring others, and the depth of the interviews, including the significance of being the first guest and the value of in-depth conversations in the current era.", 'duration': 65.306, 'highlights': ["The honor of being the first guest on the podcast and the impact of the author's work in inspiring others.", 'The depth of the interviews, which allow people to go in-depth, providing a much-needed approach in the current era.', 'Acknowledgment of the significance of the conversation and the value of in-depth discussions in the current era.']}], 'duration': 255.562, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RoCgfMUyrNE/pics/RoCgfMUyrNE365657.jpg', 'highlights': ['Advancements in post-biological intelligence can potentially preserve human teachings and memories, mitigating the loss caused by mortality.', 'Post-biological life could lead to potential immortality by freely copying all information, altering the concept of individuality and mortality.', 'The limitations of human mortality result in the tragic loss of unique knowledge and experiences, which cannot be fully replicated or preserved.', 'Sharing and copying skills and experiences in a post-biological society may lead to a more collaborative and less individualistic society.', 'The difficulty in creating a complete backup of the human brain stems from its lack of inherent design for such preservation.', 'Speculation on the significant shift in perspective on mortality and individuality for super intelligent machines compared to humans.']}], 'highlights': ['The limitations of human mortality result in the tragic loss of unique knowledge and experiences, which cannot be fully replicated or preserved.', 'Advancements in post-biological intelligence can potentially preserve human teachings and memories, mitigating the loss caused by mortality.', 'The speaker reflects on the potential impact of immortality on the enjoyment of life, raising questions about the significance of finiteness.', 'The discussion includes the idea that the limitations of life may contribute to a deeper appreciation for experiences, such as savoring pistachio ice cream due to its finite enjoyment.', 'Living on through influencing others, especially as a teacher, transcends mortal limitations.', 'The fundamental essence lies in information and processing, not physical components.', 'The speaker recalls a remark from their father that life is fundamentally tragic.', 'Sharing and copying skills and experiences in a post-biological society may lead to a more collaborative and less individualistic society.', 'Post-biological life could lead to potential immortality by freely copying all information, altering the concept of individuality and mortality.', 'The speaker expresses sadness at the thought of not being able to witness the exciting advancements in the universe, particularly in the fields of physics and AI research.']}