title
Bret Weinstein: Likelihood of Lab Leak is 95% | Lex Fridman Podcast Clips

description
Lex Fridman Podcast full episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TG6BuSjwP4o Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - The Jordan Harbinger Show: https://www.youtube.com/thejordanharbingershow - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free - Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off - Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off GUEST BIO: Bret Weinstein is and evolutionary biologist, author, and co-host of the DarkHorse Podcast. PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

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{'title': 'Bret Weinstein: Likelihood of Lab Leak is 95% | Lex Fridman Podcast Clips', 'heatmap': [{'end': 103.811, 'start': 76.59, 'weight': 1}, {'end': 638.802, 'start': 616.063, 'weight': 0.709}], 'summary': "The likelihood of covid-19 leaking from the wuhan lab is well above 95%, with evidence pointing to intentional generation for financial gain having low probability and lack of evidence. the lab leak hypothesis and sars-cov-2 origin are discussed, emphasizing the need for genuine evidence and challenging the presumption of natural origins. moreover, urgency to eradicate sars-cov-2 to avoid permanent human impact is stressed, and ethical implications of pharmaceutical corporations during the pandemic are examined, emphasizing collective responsibility and transparency. the chapter also delves into lying in the scientific community, highlighting its destructive impact on public trust, controversy surrounding the pandemic's origin, and urging for promoting independent thinking.", 'chapters': [{'end': 195.797, 'segs': [{'end': 103.811, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 34.644, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 41.307, 'text': 'There are multiple different kinds of evidence that point to the lab, and there is literally no evidence that points to nature.', 'start': 34.644, 'duration': 6.663}, {'end': 46.589, 'text': 'Either the evidence points nowhere or it points to the lab, and the lab could mean any lab,', 'start': 41.867, 'duration': 4.722}, {'end': 51.652, 'text': 'but geographically obviously the labs in Wuhan are the most likely,', 'start': 46.589, 'duration': 5.063}, {'end': 58.996, 'text': 'and the lab that was most directly involved with research on viruses that look like that look like SARS-CoV-2,', 'start': 51.652, 'duration': 7.344}, {'end': 61.578, 'text': 'is obviously the place that one would start.', 'start': 58.996, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 70.826, 'text': 'But I would say the likelihood that this virus came from a lab is well above 95%.', 'start': 62.519, 'duration': 8.307}, {'end': 76.55, 'text': 'We can talk about the question of could a virus have been brought into the lab and escaped from there without being modified?', 'start': 70.826, 'duration': 5.724}, {'end': 82.535, 'text': "That's also possible, but it doesn't explain any of the anomalies in the genome of SARS-CoV-2..", 'start': 76.59, 'duration': 5.945}, {'end': 87.319, 'text': 'Could it have been delivered from another lab?', 'start': 84.697, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 92.883, 'text': 'Could Wuhan be a distraction in order that we would connect the dots in the wrong way?', 'start': 87.359, 'duration': 5.524}, {'end': 94.144, 'text': "That's conceivable.", 'start': 93.283, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 103.811, 'text': 'I currently have that below 1% on my flow chart, but I think- A very dark thought that somebody would do that almost as a political attack on China.', 'start': 94.344, 'duration': 9.467}], 'summary': 'Over 95% likelihood that virus originated from a lab in wuhan, china.', 'duration': 59.5, 'max_score': 34.644, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo34644.jpg'}, {'end': 153.083, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 117.562, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 120.444, 'text': "right?. It's a placeholder for whatever may actually have happened.", 'start': 117.562, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 123.807, 'text': "And so it doesn't have to have been an attack on China.", 'start': 120.524, 'duration': 3.283}, {'end': 125.629, 'text': "That's certainly one possibility.", 'start': 124.007, 'duration': 1.622}, {'end': 136.038, 'text': 'But I would point out, if you can predict the future in some unusual way, better than others, you can print money.', 'start': 126.009, 'duration': 10.029}, {'end': 143.46, 'text': "Right That's what markets that allow you to bet for or against virtually any sector allow you to do.", 'start': 136.698, 'duration': 6.762}, {'end': 153.083, 'text': 'So you can imagine a simply amoral person or entity generating a pandemic,', 'start': 143.76, 'duration': 9.323}], 'summary': 'Speculation on potential market manipulation through generating a pandemic.', 'duration': 35.521, 'max_score': 117.562, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo117562.jpg'}, {'end': 212.828, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 174.391, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 177.093, 'text': "We've seen zero evidence that this was intentionally released.", 'start': 174.391, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 185.337, 'text': 'However, were it to have been intentionally released by somebody who did not know, did not want it known, where it had come from,', 'start': 178.053, 'duration': 7.284}, {'end': 188.462, 'text': 'releasing it into Wuhan would be one way to cover their tracks.', 'start': 185.978, 'duration': 2.484}, {'end': 193.793, 'text': "So we have to leave the possibility formally open, but acknowledge there's no evidence.", 'start': 188.523, 'duration': 5.27}, {'end': 195.797, 'text': 'And the probability, therefore, is low.', 'start': 194.113, 'duration': 1.684}, {'end': 212.828, 'text': 'I tend to believe maybe this is the optimistic nature that I have that people who are competent enough to do the kind of thing we just described are not going to do that because it requires a certain kind of.', 'start': 196.077, 'duration': 16.751}], 'summary': 'No evidence of intentional release, low probability, optimistic belief in competence.', 'duration': 38.437, 'max_score': 174.391, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo174391.jpg'}], 'start': 3.45, 'title': 'Covid-19 origins and speculation', 'summary': 'Examines the likelihood of covid-19 leaking from the wuhan lab, with evidence pointing to a well above 95% probability, and discusses the speculation of pandemic being intentionally generated for financial gain, acknowledging the low probability and lack of evidence for intentional release.', 'chapters': [{'end': 94.144, 'start': 3.45, 'title': 'Covid-19 origins and wuhan lab', 'summary': 'Discusses the probability of covid-19 leaking from the wuhan institute of virology, highlighting evidence pointing to the lab and expressing a likelihood of well above 95% for the virus originating from a lab.', 'duration': 90.694, 'highlights': ['The likelihood of COVID-19 emerging from a lab, specifically the Wuhan Institute, is very high, supported by multiple types of evidence with no evidence pointing to nature.', 'The likelihood of the virus originating from a lab is well above 95%, indicating a strong probability of a lab origin.', 'The possibility of the virus being brought into the lab and escaping without modification is considered, but it fails to explain anomalies in the SARS-CoV-2 genome.', 'The discussion also considers the possibility of the virus being delivered from another lab and Wuhan being a distraction, emphasizing the potential for misinformation.']}, {'end': 195.797, 'start': 94.344, 'title': 'Pandemic origin speculation', 'summary': 'Discusses the possibility of a pandemic being intentionally generated for financial gain, highlighting the low probability and lack of evidence for intentional release, but acknowledging the potential for such scenarios to exist in a hypothetical space.', 'duration': 101.453, 'highlights': ['The chapter explores the scenario of a pandemic being generated as a potential political attack on China or for financial gain through betting against affected sectors and in favor of certain products.', 'Speculation is made about the intentional release of the pandemic, but it is emphasized that there is zero evidence to support this theory, leading to a low probability of such an event.', 'The discussion involves generating hypothetical scenarios to prove that something could exist in that space, emphasizing the placeholder nature of the discussed possibilities.']}], 'duration': 192.347, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo3450.jpg', 'highlights': ['The likelihood of COVID-19 emerging from a lab, specifically the Wuhan Institute, is very high, supported by multiple types of evidence with no evidence pointing to nature.', 'The likelihood of the virus originating from a lab is well above 95%, indicating a strong probability of a lab origin.', 'The possibility of the virus being brought into the lab and escaping without modification is considered, but it fails to explain anomalies in the SARS-CoV-2 genome.', 'The discussion also considers the possibility of the virus being delivered from another lab and Wuhan being a distraction, emphasizing the potential for misinformation.', 'The chapter explores the scenario of a pandemic being generated as a potential political attack on China or for financial gain through betting against affected sectors and in favor of certain products.', 'Speculation is made about the intentional release of the pandemic, but it is emphasized that there is zero evidence to support this theory, leading to a low probability of such an event.', 'The discussion involves generating hypothetical scenarios to prove that something could exist in that space, emphasizing the placeholder nature of the discussed possibilities.']}, {'end': 615.503, 'segs': [{'end': 253.324, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 222.233, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 226.654, 'text': "that's just not going to be coupled with competence.", 'start': 222.233, 'duration': 4.421}, {'end': 232.255, 'text': "I feel like there's a trade-off chart where competence on one axis and evil is on the other.", 'start': 227.214, 'duration': 5.041}, {'end': 243.477, 'text': 'And the more evil you become, the crappier you are at doing great engineering, scientific work required to deliver weapons of different kinds,', 'start': 232.595, 'duration': 10.882}, {'end': 246.018, 'text': "whether it's bioweapons or nuclear weapons, and all those kinds of things.", 'start': 243.477, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 253.324, 'text': "That seems to be the lessons I take from history, but that doesn't necessarily mean that's what's going to be happening in the future.", 'start': 246.539, 'duration': 6.785}], 'summary': 'Evil is inversely proportional to competence in weapon development, as seen in history.', 'duration': 31.091, 'max_score': 222.233, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo222233.jpg'}, {'end': 346.169, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 298.949, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 303.832, 'text': 'So the presumption upon discovering a new virus circulating is certainly that it came from nature, right?', 'start': 298.949, 'duration': 4.883}, {'end': 310.115, 'text': 'The problem is the presumption evaporates in the face of evidence, or at least it logically should.', 'start': 304.592, 'duration': 5.523}, {'end': 312.277, 'text': "And it didn't in this case.", 'start': 310.956, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 320.642, 'text': 'It was maintained by people who privately in their emails acknowledged that they had grave doubts about the natural origin of this virus.', 'start': 312.517, 'duration': 8.125}, {'end': 326.888, 'text': 'is there some other piece of evidence that we could look for and see?', 'start': 321.582, 'duration': 5.306}, {'end': 331.454, 'text': "that would say this increases the probability that it's natural origins.", 'start': 326.888, 'duration': 4.566}, {'end': 334.037, 'text': 'yeah, in fact there is evidence.', 'start': 331.454, 'duration': 2.583}, {'end': 341.185, 'text': 'you know, i always worry that somebody is going to make up some evidence in order to reverse the flow.', 'start': 334.037, 'duration': 7.148}, {'end': 344.808, 'text': "oh boy, Well, let's say I am- There's a lot of incentive for that actually.", 'start': 341.185, 'duration': 3.623}, {'end': 346.169, 'text': "There's a huge amount of incentive.", 'start': 344.848, 'duration': 1.321}], 'summary': 'Emails reveal doubts about natural origin of virus, raising questions about its source and the potential for fabricated evidence.', 'duration': 47.22, 'max_score': 298.949, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo298949.jpg'}, {'end': 562.055, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 534.794, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 542.584, 'text': "in spite of immense pressure to find it somewhere, there's been no hint, which probably means it took place inside of a laboratory.", 'start': 534.794, 'duration': 7.79}, {'end': 546.75, 'text': 'Inside the laboratory gain-of-function research on viruses,', 'start': 543.005, 'duration': 3.745}, {'end': 555.593, 'text': "And I believe most of that kind of research is doing this exact thing that you're referring to, which is accelerated evolution.", 'start': 547.69, 'duration': 7.903}, {'end': 562.055, 'text': 'And just watching evolution do its thing on a bunch of viruses and seeing what kind of tricks get developed.', 'start': 556.133, 'duration': 5.922}], 'summary': 'No hint of virus found, likely originated from gain-of-function research in a laboratory.', 'duration': 27.261, 'max_score': 534.794, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo534794.jpg'}, {'end': 615.503, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 584.966, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 596.053, 'text': 'I would say based on the content of the genome and other evidence in publications from the various labs that were involved in generating this technology,', 'start': 584.966, 'duration': 11.087}, {'end': 598.374, 'text': 'A couple of things seem likely.', 'start': 597.113, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 609.4, 'text': 'This SARS-CoV-2 does not appear to be entirely the result of either a splicing process or serial passaging.', 'start': 599.334, 'duration': 10.066}, {'end': 615.503, 'text': "It appears to have both things in its past, or it's at least highly likely that it does.", 'start': 609.92, 'duration': 5.583}], 'summary': 'Sars-cov-2 genome suggests combination of splicing process and serial passaging.', 'duration': 30.537, 'max_score': 584.966, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo584966.jpg'}], 'start': 196.077, 'title': 'Lab leak hypothesis and sars-cov-2 origin', 'summary': 'Discusses the competence-evil trade-off in lab leak hypothesis, challenges the presumption of natural origins, and emphasizes the need for genuine evidence. it also explores the possible origins of sars-cov-2 virus, emphasizing the lack of evidence for natural evolution and potential involvement of laboratory gain-of-function research.', 'chapters': [{'end': 366.805, 'start': 196.077, 'title': 'Lab leak hypothesis discussion', 'summary': 'Discusses the competence-evil trade-off in the context of lab leak hypothesis, challenges the presumption of natural origins of viruses, and raises concerns about potential fabrication of evidence, with emphasis on the need for genuine evidence and the hope for competence in handling the situation.', 'duration': 170.728, 'highlights': ['The presumption upon discovering a new virus circulating is certainly that it came from nature, but the presumption evaporates in the face of evidence, or at least it logically should. It was maintained by people who privately acknowledged grave doubts about the natural origin of this virus.', 'The discussion raises concerns about potential fabrication of evidence to reverse the flow, with a huge amount of incentive for doing so, highlighting the need for genuine evidence to be considered.', 'The chapter discusses the competence-evil trade-off, suggesting that the more evil one becomes, the crappier they are at doing great engineering and scientific work, required to deliver weapons of different kinds, emphasizing the importance of competence in handling such situations.', "The chapter questions the actions of 'the powers that lied to us about weapons of mass destruction in Iraq,' expressing hope for genuine evidence and competence in handling the situation, highlighting the need for transparency and truthfulness in such matters.", 'The discussion challenges the presumption of natural origins of viruses, emphasizing the need for evidence to support the natural origins hypothesis and the concern about potential fabrication of evidence.']}, {'end': 615.503, 'start': 366.845, 'title': 'Origin of sars-cov-2 virus', 'summary': 'Discusses the possible origins of the sars-cov-2 virus, suggesting the likelihood of a human or animal population where the virus circulated prior to its appearance in wuhan, emphasizing the lack of evidence for natural evolution and the potential involvement of laboratory gain-of-function research in accelerating virus evolution.', 'duration': 248.658, 'highlights': ['The discovery of a human or animal population in which the virus circulated prior to its appearance in Wuhan could explain the lack of evidence for natural evolution. This would shift the probabilities regarding the origins of the virus and suggests the possibility of sophisticated virus development in a prior epidemic, emphasizing the lack of evidence for natural evolution.', 'The lack of evidence for natural evolution in the early epidemic suggests the involvement of laboratory gain-of-function research in accelerating virus evolution. The absence of evolutionary trace in the virus development and the rapid emergence of an extremely effective virus at the end of 2019 raises the likelihood of laboratory involvement in accelerating virus evolution.', 'The SARS-CoV-2 virus is likely not entirely the result of either a splicing process or serial passaging, but rather a combination of both processes. Based on the genome content and evidence from various labs, it appears highly likely that the virus has a combination of splicing and serial passaging in its past, or at least highly likely that it does.']}], 'duration': 419.426, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo196077.jpg', 'highlights': ['The lack of evidence for natural evolution in the early epidemic suggests the involvement of laboratory gain-of-function research in accelerating virus evolution.', 'The presumption upon discovering a new virus circulating is certainly that it came from nature, but the presumption evaporates in the face of evidence, or at least it logically should.', 'The SARS-CoV-2 virus is likely not entirely the result of either a splicing process or serial passaging, but rather a combination of both processes.', 'The discussion raises concerns about potential fabrication of evidence to reverse the flow, with a huge amount of incentive for doing so, highlighting the need for genuine evidence to be considered.', 'The chapter discusses the competence-evil trade-off, suggesting that the more evil one becomes, the crappier they are at doing great engineering and scientific work, required to deliver weapons of different kinds, emphasizing the importance of competence in handling such situations.']}, {'end': 912.038, 'segs': [{'end': 645.845, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 616.063, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 619.325, 'text': 'So for example, the fur and cleavage site looks very much like it.', 'start': 616.063, 'duration': 3.262}, {'end': 628.96, 'text': 'uh was added in to the virus and it was known that that would increase its infectivity in humans and increase its tropism.', 'start': 619.886, 'duration': 9.074}, {'end': 638.802, 'text': 'the uh virus appears to be excellent at spreading in humans and minks and ferrets.', 'start': 628.96, 'duration': 9.842}, {'end': 645.845, 'text': 'Now, minks and ferrets are very closely related to each other, and ferrets are very likely to have been used in a serial passage experiment,', 'start': 639.442, 'duration': 6.403}], 'summary': 'A fur and cleavage site was added to the virus, increasing infectivity and tropism, with the virus showing excellent spread in humans, minks, and ferrets.', 'duration': 29.782, 'max_score': 616.063, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo616063.jpg'}, {'end': 705.658, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 681.7, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 689.188, 'text': 'because they will actually give us some tools that would be useful in fighting SARS-CoV-2 and hopefully driving it to extinction,', 'start': 681.7, 'duration': 7.488}, {'end': 690.349, 'text': 'which ought to be our priority.', 'start': 689.188, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 696.134, 'text': 'It is a priority that is not apparent from our behavior, but it really is important.', 'start': 691.15, 'duration': 4.984}, {'end': 697.975, 'text': 'It should be our objective.', 'start': 696.895, 'duration': 1.08}, {'end': 702.157, 'text': 'If we understood where our interests lie, we would be much more focused on it.', 'start': 697.995, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 705.658, 'text': 'But those protocols would tell us a great deal.', 'start': 703.277, 'duration': 2.381}], 'summary': 'Obtaining tools to fight sars-cov-2 is a priority; protocols can provide valuable insights.', 'duration': 23.958, 'max_score': 681.7, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo681700.jpg'}, {'end': 776.677, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 750.468, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 754.712, 'text': "it's obvious that a lab leak of a deadly virus will eventually happen.", 'start': 750.468, 'duration': 4.244}, {'end': 760.417, 'text': "My mind was, it doesn't even matter if it happened in this case.", 'start': 756.253, 'duration': 4.164}, {'end': 763.528, 'text': "It's obvious this is going to happen in the future.", 'start': 761.266, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 771.113, 'text': 'So why the hell are we not freaking out about this? And COVID-19 is not even that deadly relative to the possible future viruses.', 'start': 764.208, 'duration': 6.905}, {'end': 776.677, 'text': "It's the way, I disagree with Sam on this, but he thinks about this way about AGI as well.", 'start': 771.853, 'duration': 4.824}], 'summary': 'Lab leak of deadly virus inevitable. covid-19 not as deadly. concern about future viruses.', 'duration': 26.209, 'max_score': 750.468, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo750468.jpg'}, {'end': 892.37, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 850.73, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 856.375, 'text': 'Which are you most freaking out about now, in terms of the importance of figuring out the origins of this virus?', 'start': 850.73, 'duration': 5.645}, {'end': 864.18, 'text': "I am most freaking out about both of them because they're both really important and you know we can put bounds on this.", 'start': 857.418, 'duration': 6.762}, {'end': 871.442, 'text': 'Let me say first that this is a perfect test case for the theory of close calls, because as much as COVID is a disaster,', 'start': 864.82, 'duration': 6.622}, {'end': 874.603, 'text': 'it is also a close call from which we can learn much.', 'start': 871.442, 'duration': 3.161}, {'end': 876.324, 'text': 'You are absolutely right.', 'start': 875.244, 'duration': 1.08}, {'end': 878.865, 'text': 'If we keep playing this game in the lab.', 'start': 876.384, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 882.966, 'text': 'if we are not, uh, if we are, especially if we do it under pressure,', 'start': 878.865, 'duration': 4.101}, {'end': 889.188, 'text': "And when we are told that a virus is going to leap from nature any day and that the more we know, the better we'll be able to fight it,", 'start': 883.246, 'duration': 5.942}, {'end': 892.37, 'text': "we're going to create the disaster all the sooner.", 'start': 889.188, 'duration': 3.182}], 'summary': 'The importance of figuring out the origins of the virus is crucial for preventing disaster.', 'duration': 41.64, 'max_score': 850.73, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo850730.jpg'}], 'start': 616.063, 'title': 'Investigating covid-19 origins', 'summary': 'Discusses origins of sars-cov-2 virus, including serial passage experiments, and emphasizes the need for understanding protocols to fight and eradicate sars-cov-2. it also emphasizes the importance of investigating the origins of covid-19, particularly the lab leak hypothesis and its implications for future outbreaks and response strategies, stressing the need for urgent action to prevent future disasters.', 'chapters': [{'end': 702.157, 'start': 616.063, 'title': 'Origin of sars-cov-2 virus', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential origins of the sars-cov-2 virus, including the likelihood of serial passage experiments involving minks, ferrets, humanized mice, and human airway tissue, emphasizing the need to understand the protocols for fighting sars-cov-2 and driving it to extinction.', 'duration': 86.094, 'highlights': ['The fur and cleavage site were added to the virus to increase infectivity and tropism in humans and minks, indicating the potential manipulation of the virus for increased spread in these species.', "Ferrets and minks, closely related to each other, were likely used in serial passage experiments to increase the virus's infectivity, considering their similar ACE2 receptor to humans.", 'The importance of understanding the protocols used, including potential utilization of humanized mice and human airway tissue, to obtain tools for fighting SARS-CoV-2 and driving it to extinction.']}, {'end': 912.038, 'start': 703.277, 'title': 'Investigating the origins of covid-19', 'summary': 'Dives into the importance of investigating the origins of covid-19, particularly the potential lab leak hypothesis and its implications for future virus outbreaks and response strategies, emphasizing the need for urgent action to prevent future disasters.', 'duration': 208.761, 'highlights': ['The urgent need to investigate the origins of COVID-19 The urgency of determining the true origins of COVID-19 to understand how to respond to the virus and to develop effective vaccines and antiviral drugs.', 'The potential of future deadly virus outbreaks due to lab research The concern about the inevitability of a deadly virus leak from a lab in the future, emphasizing the need to address the risks associated with gain of function research and virus engineering.', 'The significance of the COVID-19 pandemic as a close call The COVID-19 pandemic is highlighted as a close call that provides valuable lessons for preventing future disasters, emphasizing the importance of learning from the current crisis to avert potential future catastrophes.']}], 'duration': 295.975, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo616063.jpg', 'highlights': ['The potential manipulation of the virus for increased spread in humans and minks.', 'The importance of understanding the protocols used to fight SARS-CoV-2.', 'The urgency of determining the true origins of COVID-19.', 'The concern about the inevitability of a deadly virus leak from a lab in the future.', 'The COVID-19 pandemic as a close call that provides valuable lessons for preventing future disasters.']}, {'end': 1431.742, 'segs': [{'end': 936.424, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 913.779, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 922.667, 'text': "But I also think that there's a clock ticking with respect to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID, the disease that it creates.", 'start': 913.779, 'duration': 8.888}, {'end': 926.611, 'text': 'And that has to do with whether or not we are stuck with it permanently.', 'start': 923.648, 'duration': 2.963}, {'end': 933.8, 'text': "So if you think about the cost to humanity of being stuck with influenza, It's an immense cost year after year.", 'start': 927.692, 'duration': 6.108}, {'end': 936.424, 'text': "And we just stop thinking about it because it's there.", 'start': 933.94, 'duration': 2.484}], 'summary': 'The clock is ticking for sars-cov-2 and covid, with potential long-term implications for humanity.', 'duration': 22.645, 'max_score': 913.779, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo913779.jpg'}, {'end': 1029.345, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 982.366, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 988.372, 'text': 'To the extent that we let it have this very large canvas, large numbers of people who have the disease,', 'start': 982.366, 'duration': 6.006}, {'end': 993.717, 'text': 'in which mutation and selection can result in adaptation that we will not be able to counter,', 'start': 988.372, 'duration': 5.345}, {'end': 999.663, 'text': 'the greater its ability to figure out features of our immune system and use them to its advantage.', 'start': 993.717, 'duration': 5.946}, {'end': 1003.685, 'text': "So I'm feeling the pressure of driving it extinct.", 'start': 1000.443, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 1011.41, 'text': "I believe we could have driven it extinct six months ago, and we didn't do it because of very mundane concerns among a small number of people.", 'start': 1004.106, 'duration': 7.304}, {'end': 1021.597, 'text': "And I'm not alleging that they were brazen about or that they were callous about deaths that would be caused.", 'start': 1011.55, 'duration': 10.047}, {'end': 1029.345, 'text': "I have the sense that they were working from a kind of autopilot in which you you know, let's say you're in some kind of a corporation,", 'start': 1021.937, 'duration': 7.408}], 'summary': 'Pressure to drive disease extinct, missed opportunity 6 months ago due to mundane concerns.', 'duration': 46.979, 'max_score': 982.366, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo982366.jpg'}, {'end': 1076.566, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1053.14, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1064.244, 'text': "you end up saying things about competing therapies that work better and much more safely than the ones you're selling that aren't true and do cause people to die in large numbers.", 'start': 1053.14, 'duration': 11.104}, {'end': 1068.992, 'text': "But it's some kind of autopilot, at least part of it is.", 'start': 1065.345, 'duration': 3.647}, {'end': 1076.566, 'text': "So there's a complicated coupling of the autopilot of institutions.", 'start': 1069.893, 'duration': 6.673}], 'summary': 'Competing therapies work better and more safely than ones being sold, causing large numbers of deaths.', 'duration': 23.426, 'max_score': 1053.14, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo1053140.jpg'}, {'end': 1160.226, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1129.573, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1136.757, 'text': 'Heather and I have been talking from the beginning about the fact that, although, yes, what happens began in China,', 'start': 1129.573, 'duration': 7.184}, {'end': 1140.259, 'text': 'it very much looks like a failure of the international scientific community.', 'start': 1136.757, 'duration': 3.502}, {'end': 1142.401, 'text': "That's frightening.", 'start': 1141.74, 'duration': 0.661}, {'end': 1152.004, 'text': "But it's also hopeful in the sense that actually if we did the right thing now, we're not navigating a puzzle about Chinese responsibility.", 'start': 1143.101, 'duration': 8.903}, {'end': 1160.226, 'text': "We're navigating a question of collective responsibility for something that has been terribly costly to all of us.", 'start': 1152.044, 'duration': 8.182}], 'summary': 'Global failure in response to pandemic requires collective responsibility to address.', 'duration': 30.653, 'max_score': 1129.573, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo1129573.jpg'}, {'end': 1199.364, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1173.934, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 1186.14, 'text': "So, just as a person that does not learn the lessons of their own errors doesn't get smarter and they remain in danger, we collectively, humanity,", 'start': 1173.934, 'duration': 12.206}, {'end': 1191.962, 'text': 'has to say well, there sure is a lot of evidence that suggests that this is a self-inflicted wound.', 'start': 1186.14, 'duration': 5.822}, {'end': 1199.364, 'text': 'When you have done something that has caused a massive self-inflicted wound,', 'start': 1192.782, 'duration': 6.582}], 'summary': 'Humanity must acknowledge self-inflicted wounds to avoid danger.', 'duration': 25.43, 'max_score': 1173.934, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo1173934.jpg'}, {'end': 1365.9, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1334.22, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1340.353, 'text': "So I don't really, I don't feel that it is I don't feel that there's anything to steal, man.", 'start': 1334.22, 'duration': 6.133}, {'end': 1348.162, 'text': 'And I also think that immediately, at the point that the world suddenly, with no new evidence on the table,', 'start': 1340.654, 'duration': 7.508}, {'end': 1353.147, 'text': 'switched gears with respect to the lab leak, at the point that Nicholas Wade had published his article,', 'start': 1348.162, 'duration': 4.985}, {'end': 1356.891, 'text': 'and suddenly the world was going to admit that this was at least a possibility,', 'start': 1353.147, 'duration': 3.744}, {'end': 1365.9, 'text': 'if not a likelihood we got to see something of the rationalization process that had taken place inside the institutional world.', 'start': 1356.891, 'duration': 9.009}], 'summary': "World shifted to consider lab leak as possibility after nicholas wade's article.", 'duration': 31.68, 'max_score': 1334.22, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo1334220.jpg'}], 'start': 913.779, 'title': 'Urgency to eradicate sars-cov-2 and pharmaceutical corporation ethics', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the urgency to eliminate sars-cov-2 to avoid permanent human impact, stressing the need for immediate responses. it also discusses ethical implications of pharmaceutical corporations during the pandemic, emphasizing collective responsibility and transparency.', 'chapters': [{'end': 1029.345, 'start': 913.779, 'title': 'Urgency to drive sars-cov-2 extinct', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the urgency of driving sars-cov-2 extinct before it becomes a permanent feature of human life, highlighting the incalculable cost in terms of lives lost, suffering, and economic impact if it settles in, underscoring the need for immediate and effective responses to prevent its adaptation and exploitation of the human immune system.', 'duration': 115.566, 'highlights': ['The immense cost of being stuck with influenza, and the potential doubling of this cost if SARS-CoV-2 becomes a permanent feature of human life, emphasizing the incalculable loss of lives, suffering, and economic impact.', 'The urgency of driving SARS-CoV-2 extinct before it becomes a permanent feature of human life, underscoring the need for immediate and effective responses to prevent its adaptation and exploitation of the human immune system.', 'The potential ability of SARS-CoV-2 to adapt and exploit features of the human immune system if it is allowed to have a large canvas of infected individuals, highlighting the urgency to prevent its widespread prevalence.', 'The missed opportunity to drive SARS-CoV-2 extinct six months ago due to mundane concerns among a small number of people, emphasizing the need for proactive and decisive actions to prevent its permanent settlement in human life.']}, {'end': 1431.742, 'start': 1029.345, 'title': 'Pharmaceutical corporation ethics', 'summary': "Discusses the ethical implications and consequences of a pharmaceutical corporation's actions amidst a pandemic, highlighting the need for collective responsibility and transparency in the international scientific community, while addressing the likelihood of a reoccurrence.", 'duration': 402.397, 'highlights': ['The pharmaceutical corporation falsely promotes its therapies over competitors, leading to significant harm and casualties. Causing people to die in large numbers.', 'The need for collective responsibility and transparency in the international scientific community is emphasized. Failure of the international scientific community.', 'The importance of learning from the self-inflicted wound and ensuring measures are in place to prevent similar occurrences is highlighted. Strong possibility this will happen again and will be far worse.', "The discussion of the lab leak hypothesis and the ethical implications of the narrative shift in the institutional world. Institutional world's narrative shift regarding the lab leak hypothesis."]}], 'duration': 517.963, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo913779.jpg', 'highlights': ['The urgency of driving SARS-CoV-2 extinct before it becomes a permanent feature of human life, underscoring the need for immediate and effective responses to prevent its adaptation and exploitation of the human immune system.', 'The potential ability of SARS-CoV-2 to adapt and exploit features of the human immune system if it is allowed to have a large canvas of infected individuals, highlighting the urgency to prevent its widespread prevalence.', 'The missed opportunity to drive SARS-CoV-2 extinct six months ago due to mundane concerns among a small number of people, emphasizing the need for proactive and decisive actions to prevent its permanent settlement in human life.', 'The immense cost of being stuck with influenza, and the potential doubling of this cost if SARS-CoV-2 becomes a permanent feature of human life, emphasizing the incalculable loss of lives, suffering, and economic impact.', 'The pharmaceutical corporation falsely promotes its therapies over competitors, leading to significant harm and casualties. Causing people to die in large numbers.', 'The need for collective responsibility and transparency in the international scientific community is emphasized. Failure of the international scientific community.', "The discussion of the lab leak hypothesis and the ethical implications of the narrative shift in the institutional world. Institutional world's narrative shift regarding the lab leak hypothesis.", 'The importance of learning from the self-inflicted wound and ensuring measures are in place to prevent similar occurrences is highlighted. Strong possibility this will happen again and will be far worse.']}, {'end': 2036.932, 'segs': [{'end': 1457.598, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1431.742, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1444.51, 'text': 'we have a right to know And I frankly do not take the institutional layer at its word that its motivations are honorable and that it was protecting good-hearted scientists at the expense of the world.', 'start': 1431.742, 'duration': 12.768}, {'end': 1446.531, 'text': 'That explanation does not add up.', 'start': 1444.57, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 1457.598, 'text': "Well, this is a very interesting question about whether it's ever okay to lie at the institutional layer to protect the populace.", 'start': 1446.991, 'duration': 10.607}], 'summary': 'Questioning the integrity of institutional motives in protecting scientists and populace.', 'duration': 25.856, 'max_score': 1431.742, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo1431742.jpg'}, {'end': 1592.616, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1567.34, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1577.908, 'text': 'all of them were pushing the idea that the risk of a zoonotic spillover event causing a major and highly destructive pandemic was so great that we had to risk this.', 'start': 1567.34, 'duration': 10.568}, {'end': 1583.471, 'text': 'Now, if they themselves have caused it, and if they are wrong, as I believe they are,', 'start': 1578.929, 'duration': 4.542}, {'end': 1592.616, 'text': 'about the likelihood of a major world pandemic spilling out of nature in the way that they wrote into their grant applications, then the danger is,', 'start': 1583.471, 'duration': 9.145}], 'summary': 'Experts emphasized the risk of zoonotic spillover causing a major pandemic, but the likelihood is debated.', 'duration': 25.276, 'max_score': 1567.34, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo1567340.jpg'}, {'end': 1680.18, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1646.216, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1648.438, 'text': "Whatever your license to lie is, it doesn't extend to that.", 'start': 1646.216, 'duration': 2.222}, {'end': 1662.268, 'text': "Yeah, I've seen the attacks on you, the pressure on you has a very important effect on thousands of world-class biologists, actually.", 'start': 1649.219, 'duration': 13.049}, {'end': 1667.791, 'text': "At MIT, colleagues of mine, people I know, there's a slight pressure.", 'start': 1663.108, 'duration': 4.683}, {'end': 1676.278, 'text': 'to not be allowed to, one, speak publicly, and two, actually think.', 'start': 1668.872, 'duration': 7.406}, {'end': 1680.18, 'text': 'Like, to even think about these ideas.', 'start': 1678.179, 'duration': 2.001}], 'summary': 'Pressure on biologists at mit leads to limited freedom of speech and thought.', 'duration': 33.964, 'max_score': 1646.216, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo1646216.jpg'}, {'end': 1960.733, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1934.961, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1945.064, 'text': 'People can stand out and like, basically be individual thinkers and break out into all kinds of spaces of ideas that allow us to think freely.', 'start': 1934.961, 'duration': 10.103}, {'end': 1945.824, 'text': 'freedom of thought.', 'start': 1945.064, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 1948.945, 'text': 'And maybe that requires a decentralization of institutions.', 'start': 1946.324, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 1954.829, 'text': 'Well, years ago, I came up with a concept called cultivated insecurity.', 'start': 1949.545, 'duration': 5.284}, {'end': 1960.733, 'text': "And the idea is let's just take the example of the average Joe right?", 'start': 1955.609, 'duration': 5.124}], 'summary': 'Encouraging individual thinking and freedom of thought through decentralization and cultivated insecurity.', 'duration': 25.772, 'max_score': 1934.961, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo1934961.jpg'}], 'start': 1431.742, 'title': 'Ethical dilemmas in science', 'summary': "Delves into lying in the scientific community, highlighting its destructive impact on public trust, the controversy surrounding the pandemic's origin, and the loss of intellectual freedom due to retribution and institutional capture, urging for promoting independent thinking.", 'chapters': [{'end': 1592.616, 'start': 1431.742, 'title': 'Lying in science and its consequences', 'summary': 'Explores the ethical dilemma of lying in the scientific community, highlighting the potential destructive impact of dishonesty on public trust and the consequences of prioritizing institutional interests over global well-being, with a focus on the controversy surrounding the origin of the pandemic and the ethical implications of scientific research.', 'duration': 160.874, 'highlights': ['The danger of a zoonotic spillover event causing a major and highly destructive pandemic was overestimated by the scientists, leading to the controversial research and potential misjudgment of the risks involved.', 'The ethical dilemma of lying in the scientific community is discussed, emphasizing the detrimental long-term impact of dishonesty on public trust and the institutions.', "The institutional layer's prioritization of protecting good-hearted scientists over global well-being is questioned, highlighting the potential consequences of placing institutional interests above the welfare of the world.", 'The concept of using lies to minimize panic among the populace during pandemics is debated, with an emphasis on the negative impact of creating distrust in institutions through deceit.']}, {'end': 2036.932, 'start': 1592.616, 'title': 'Scientific retribution and institutional capture', 'summary': 'Discusses the chilling effect on scientists and the public discourse due to retribution, self-censorship, and institutional capture, resulting in a loss of intellectual freedom and critical thinking within the scientific community, with a call for cultivating insecurity to promote independent thinking.', 'duration': 444.316, 'highlights': ['Chilling Effect on Scientists and Public Discourse The pressure and attacks on scientists have led to self-censorship and the avoidance of engaging with data, stifling critical thinking and discussion.', 'Institutional Capture and Loss of Intellectual Freedom Institutions rationalize keeping discussions private, leading to a loss of sight of their original mission and a chilling effect on public discourse, causing a significant impact on intellectual freedom.', 'Cultivating Insecurity to Promote Independent Thinking The concept of cultivated insecurity is proposed to enable individuals to go against the grain without catastrophic consequences, promoting independent thinking and breaking out into diverse spaces of ideas.']}], 'duration': 605.19, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/RZysJvnDCFo/pics/RZysJvnDCFo1431742.jpg', 'highlights': ['The danger of a zoonotic spillover event causing a major and highly destructive pandemic was overestimated by the scientists, leading to controversial research and potential misjudgment of risks.', 'The ethical dilemma of lying in the scientific community is discussed, emphasizing the detrimental long-term impact of dishonesty on public trust and the institutions.', 'The pressure and attacks on scientists have led to self-censorship and the avoidance of engaging with data, stifling critical thinking and discussion.', 'The concept of cultivated insecurity is proposed to enable individuals to go against the grain without catastrophic consequences, promoting independent thinking and breaking out into diverse spaces of ideas.']}], 'highlights': ['The likelihood of COVID-19 leaking from the Wuhan lab is well above 95%, supported by multiple types of evidence with no evidence pointing to nature.', 'The lack of evidence for natural evolution in the early epidemic suggests the involvement of laboratory gain-of-function research in accelerating virus evolution.', 'The urgency of driving SARS-CoV-2 extinct before it becomes a permanent feature of human life, underscoring the need for immediate and effective responses to prevent its adaptation and exploitation of the human immune system.', 'The potential ability of SARS-CoV-2 to adapt and exploit features of the human immune system if it is allowed to have a large canvas of infected individuals, highlighting the urgency to prevent its widespread prevalence.', 'The pharmaceutical corporation falsely promotes its therapies over competitors, leading to significant harm and casualties. Causing people to die in large numbers.', "The discussion of the lab leak hypothesis and the ethical implications of the narrative shift in the institutional world. Institutional world's narrative shift regarding the lab leak hypothesis.", 'The ethical dilemma of lying in the scientific community is discussed, emphasizing the detrimental long-term impact of dishonesty on public trust and the institutions.', 'The concept of cultivated insecurity is proposed to enable individuals to go against the grain without catastrophic consequences, promoting independent thinking and breaking out into diverse spaces of ideas.']}