title
Blockchain Full Course - 4 Hours | Blockchain Tutorial | Blockchain Technology Explained | Edureka

description
πŸ”₯ Edureka Blockchain Training (Use Code "π˜πŽπ”π“π”ππ„πŸπŸŽ") : https://www.edureka.co/blockchain-training πŸ”΄Subscribe to Edureka YouTube channel for latest video updates: http://bit.ly/edurekasub This Edureka Blockchain Full Course Tutorial video will give you a complete understanding on Blockchain Technology and Ethereum. In this Blockchain tutorial you will learn Blockchain in the following sequence: 00:00 Introduction 3:04 Blockchain Use-cases 3:48 Issues with Current Banking Systems 6:23 How Bitcoin Solve the Issues 10:38 Bitcoin Transaction 10:39 What is Blockchain? 11:47 What is Bitcoin? 15:50 Bitcoin Transaction 23:29 Blockchain Flow Diagram 24:57 Blockchain Overview 26:58 Private Key Cryptography 27:36 P2P Network 29:28 P2P Network - Distributed Ledger 30:36 P2P Network - Digital Signature 31:50 Blockchain Program 32:20 Blockchain Transactions 33:45 Blockchain Types 35:27 Blockchain in a Nutshell 36:06 Blockchain Use-cases 45:46 Blockchain Demo - Ethereum 46:36 Blockchain Demo - Flow Diagram 47:00 Installing Blockchain 1:05:39 Blockchain Applications 1:06:09 Traditional Applications 1:08:24 Decentralized Applications 1:11:09 Technology Stack 1:12:08 Advantage of DApps 1:14:20 Blockverify 1:15:42 Ripple 1:17:52 Storj 1:20:50 Augur 1:23:14 Ethlance 1:25:34 Blockchain Wallets 1:26:24 Why do we need Blockchain wallet? 1:28:02 What is Blockchain Wallet? 1:29:19 Features of Blockchain Wallets 1:31:44 Types of Blockchain Wallets 1:35:09 Comparing Different Blockchain Wallets 1:39:04 Ethereum Fundamentals 1:39:51 Why Ethereum? 1:40:25 What is Ethereum? 1:40:42 Ethereum Network & Token 1:41:39 Comparing Ethereum & Bitcoin 1:43:48 Types of Ethereum Accounts 1:44:23 Smart Contracts 1:45:48 Solidity for Smart Contracts 1:47:20 Ethereum Virtual Machine 1:48:50 Ethereum Gas 1:50:00 Deploying Smart Contracts 2:04:40 Ethereum as a Platform 2:05:05 Decentralized Applications 2:05:35 Decentralized Autonomous Organisations 2:06:35 Future of Ethereum 2:08:49 Ethereum vs Bitcoin 2:08:54 Similarities beween Ethereum & Bitcoin 2:10:29 Cryptocurrency 2:11:19 Accounts 2:12:44 Smart Contract 2:15:59 Transactions 2:15:09 Consensus 2:16:29 Mining 2:19:29 Ethereum Job Trends 2:20:19 Tools for Ethereum Development 2:22:39 Solidity Compilations 2:22:59 Solium 2:39:49 Parity 2:24:24 Metamask 2:25:39 Command Line Tools 2:26:09 DApp 2:27:48 DApp Analytics Platform 2:29:23 Smart Contracts 2:30:23 What is a Smart Contract? 2:31:43 Key Properties of Smart Contracts 2:32:16 Language of Development 2:32:21 Advantages of Smart Contracts 2:33:11 Disadvantages of Smart Contracts 2:33:31 Smart Contracts Tools 2:34:11 Smart Contracts Use-Cases 2:47:11 Ethereum DApp 2:49:36 Traditional Apps vs DApps 2:50:16 What is a DApp? 2:51:01 Features of DApps 2:51:56 DApp Building: Technology Stack 2:55:36 Ethereum Clients 2:56:16 Geth 2:57:06 Metamask Browser 2:58:27 Web3.js API 3:00:17 Truffle Framework 3:00:37 Ethereum Networks 3:00:52 Private Test Network 3:20:28 Hyperledger 3:21:42 What is Hyperledger 3:25;05 How Hyperledger works? 3:25:40 Pattern Matching 3:26:30 Peer Roles: Committer 3:26:55 Peer Roles: Endorser 3:26:55 Peer Roles: Consenter 3:28:50 Hyperledger Projects 3:29:50 Hashgraphs 3:44:15 Blockchain Interview Questions Check out our Blockchain Tutorial Playlist: http://bit.ly/2PZb8fd For doubts & queries on Blockchain, post the same on Edureka Community: https://www.edureka.co/community/blockchain πŸ“’πŸ“’ 𝐓𝐨𝐩 𝟏𝟎 π“π«πžπ§ππ’π§π  π“πžπœπ‘π§π¨π₯𝐨𝐠𝐒𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 π‹πžπšπ«π§ 𝐒𝐧 2023 π’πžπ«π’πžπ¬ πŸ“’πŸ“’ ⏩ NEW Top 10 Technologies To Learn In 2023 - https://youtu.be/udD_GQVDt5g Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning #edureka #BlockchainEdureka #BlockchainTutorial #BlockchainTutorialForBeginners #BlockchainOnlineTraining #BlockchainForBeginners - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - About the Course Edureka's Blockchain Course is designed to introduce you to the concept of Blockchain and explain the fundamentals of blockchain and bitcoin. Blockchain course will provide an overview of the structure and mechanism of blockchain. As a beginner, you will be learning the importance of consensus in transactions, how transactions are stored on blockchain, history of bitcoin and how to use bitcoin. Furthermore, you will be taught about the Ethereum platform and its programming language. You will setup your own private blockchain environment using Ethereum. Also, you will develop a smart contract on private Ethereum blockchain and will be deploying the contract from web and console. The course is fed with various use-cases and examples, which makes the learning more interesting. ----------------------------------- For more information, Please write back to us at sales@edureka.in or call us at IND: 9606058406 / US: 18338555775 (toll free).

detail
{'title': 'Blockchain Full Course - 4 Hours | Blockchain Tutorial | Blockchain Technology Explained | Edureka', 'heatmap': [{'end': 781.356, 'start': 620.019, 'weight': 1}, {'end': 2021.263, 'start': 1394.782, 'weight': 0.781}, {'end': 2951.864, 'start': 2785.864, 'weight': 0.868}, {'end': 3412.727, 'start': 3253.882, 'weight': 0.735}], 'summary': "Covers a comprehensive 4-hour blockchain course by edureka, including bitcoin tutorial, blockchain technology's impact, applications, development, ethereum, smart contracts, cryptocurrency, hyperledger, confidentiality, architecture, advanced concepts, and blockchain fundamentals, providing insights on challenges, solutions, use cases, and the growth of bitcoin wallet system.", 'chapters': [{'end': 372.583, 'segs': [{'end': 99.508, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 67.614, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 70.475, 'text': 'You will understand the various tools and technologies in this ecosystem.', 'start': 67.614, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 76.897, 'text': 'And then in the 7th module, you will learn about smart contracts and how to deploy them in a local test environment.', 'start': 71.435, 'duration': 5.462}, {'end': 83.159, 'text': 'And then, in the 8th module, you will finally learn how to develop your own distributed blockchain application,', 'start': 77.857, 'duration': 5.302}, {'end': 84.879, 'text': 'which is written on Solidity programming language.', 'start': 83.159, 'duration': 1.72}, {'end': 88.4, 'text': 'And then when we go to the 9th module, you will learn about Hyperledger.', 'start': 86.179, 'duration': 2.221}, {'end': 91.321, 'text': 'And in the 10th module, you will learn about Hashgraphs.', 'start': 89.02, 'duration': 2.301}, {'end': 99.508, 'text': 'And finally, in the 11th module, we will share a list of frequently asked blockchain interview questions so that you can find a job in this domain.', 'start': 92.265, 'duration': 7.243}], 'summary': 'The course covers various blockchain tools and technologies, smart contracts, solidity programming, hyperledger, hashgraphs, and interview questions.', 'duration': 31.894, 'max_score': 67.614, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc67614.jpg'}, {'end': 131.908, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 104.81, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 110.072, 'text': "Please subscribe to Edureka's YouTube channel and hit the bell icon so that you'll get updated with all our videos.", 'start': 104.81, 'duration': 5.262}, {'end': 121.496, 'text': 'Happy learning! Hello everyone, this is Neil from Edureka and welcome to this blockchain tutorial session.', 'start': 110.932, 'duration': 10.564}, {'end': 127.185, 'text': "Now, blockchain and Bitcoin are some of the most trending keywords as part of today's technology.", 'start': 122.441, 'duration': 4.744}, {'end': 131.908, 'text': 'And even those who are not familiar with cryptocurrency are quite interested in the same.', 'start': 127.525, 'duration': 4.383}], 'summary': "Blockchain and bitcoin are trending keywords in today's technology, sparking interest even among those unfamiliar with cryptocurrency.", 'duration': 27.098, 'max_score': 104.81, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc104810.jpg'}, {'end': 228.991, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 200.251, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 204.474, 'text': 'GoEthereum basically is an online blockchain system which helps you manage your cryptocurrency.', 'start': 200.251, 'duration': 4.223}, {'end': 212.24, 'text': "Once you've done this we'll try to create a private autonomous blockchain on our system itself and then we'll try to perform transactions internally.", 'start': 205.175, 'duration': 7.065}, {'end': 218.646, 'text': "Now these are mock transactions but it'll at least give you a complete idea of how a blockchain system works as a whole.", 'start': 212.34, 'duration': 6.306}, {'end': 225.149, 'text': "So without wasting any time, let's move forward to the first topic of this session, that is the issues with the current banking system.", 'start': 219.286, 'duration': 5.863}, {'end': 228.991, 'text': "Now the first challenge we'll be talking about is the transactional fees.", 'start': 225.949, 'duration': 3.042}], 'summary': 'Goethereum manages cryptocurrency, creates private blockchain, simulates transactions, discusses issues with current banking system, focuses on transactional fees.', 'duration': 28.74, 'max_score': 200.251, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc200251.jpg'}, {'end': 264.11, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 238.556, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 246.28, 'text': "Now it may not seem a huge amount, but let's assume that every day there are 10, 000 transactions that happen.", 'start': 238.556, 'duration': 7.724}, {'end': 251.945, 'text': "And in that 10, 000 transaction, even if it's a 2% commission, it's a huge amount that we are talking about.", 'start': 246.843, 'duration': 5.102}, {'end': 257.507, 'text': 'Now if you look at what is given here, in the year 2015, three organizations, that is J.P.', 'start': 252.405, 'duration': 5.102}, {'end': 264.11, 'text': 'Morgan, Bank of America, and Wells Fargo made close to 6 billion just from ATM and overdraft transaction fees.', 'start': 257.547, 'duration': 6.563}], 'summary': 'In 2015, j.p. morgan, bank of america, and wells fargo made close to 6 billion from atm and overdraft transaction fees.', 'duration': 25.554, 'max_score': 238.556, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc238556.jpg'}], 'start': 11.087, 'title': 'Blockchain and banking challenges', 'summary': "Covers edureka's blockchain course overview, bitcoin tutorial, and banking system issues, including modules, applications, challenges, and quantifiable data.", 'chapters': [{'end': 104.249, 'start': 11.087, 'title': 'Blockchain full course overview', 'summary': "Provides an overview of edureka's blockchain full course, covering various modules such as blockchain applications, ethereum development, smart contracts, hyperledger, hashgraphs, and frequently asked blockchain interview questions.", 'duration': 93.162, 'highlights': ['The course covers various modules such as blockchain applications, Ethereum development, smart contracts, Hyperledger, Hashgraphs, and frequently asked blockchain interview questions. The course offers a comprehensive coverage of various modules, including Ethereum development and smart contracts, preparing learners for blockchain-related job interviews.', 'The video categorizes concepts about blockchain into several modules, covering topics like blockchain wallets, Ethereum, and the difference between Ethereum and Bitcoin. The video organizes blockchain concepts into modules, addressing topics such as blockchain wallets, Ethereum, and the distinction between Ethereum and Bitcoin.', "Blockchain's popularity has soared, leading to a high demand for learning blockchain technology. The increasing popularity of blockchain has resulted in a surge in demand for blockchain education and learning resources."]}, {'end': 218.646, 'start': 104.81, 'title': 'Blockchain & bitcoin tutorial', 'summary': "Provides a comprehensive overview of blockchain and bitcoin, exploring their relevance in today's technology, their applications, and a practical demonstration of creating a private autonomous blockchain.", 'duration': 113.836, 'highlights': ['The session covers the trending keywords of blockchain and Bitcoin, indicating the widespread interest in cryptocurrency.', 'The chapter explains the replacement of current transaction management systems by blockchain technology, highlighting its growing significance.', 'A practical demonstration is provided for creating a private autonomous blockchain and performing internal transactions, offering hands-on insight into blockchain operations.']}, {'end': 372.583, 'start': 219.286, 'title': 'Issues with the current banking system', 'summary': 'Discusses the challenges in the current banking system, including high transactional fees, the problem of double spending, and the impact of financial crises, with examples and quantifiable data highlighting the significant financial implications.', 'duration': 153.297, 'highlights': ['In 2015, J.P. Morgan, Bank of America, and Wells Fargo made close to 6 billion just from ATM and overdraft transaction fees. These organizations earned a substantial amount solely from transaction fees, indicating the significant financial impact of such fees on a yearly basis.', '10,000 daily transactions with a 2% commission amount to a significant sum. Even with a seemingly small commission, the cumulative impact of transaction fees from a large volume of daily transactions is substantial, underscoring the financial burden on users.', 'The 2008 financial crisis was partly caused by banks lending money as subprime mortgages, leading to a significant fall in real estate value. The example illustrates how irresponsible lending practices by financial organizations contributed to a major financial crisis, resulting in widespread repercussions for the economy and individuals.']}], 'duration': 361.496, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc11087.jpg', 'highlights': ['The course covers various modules such as blockchain applications, Ethereum development, smart contracts, Hyperledger, Hashgraphs, and frequently asked blockchain interview questions.', 'The increasing popularity of blockchain has resulted in a surge in demand for blockchain education and learning resources.', 'The video categorizes concepts about blockchain into several modules, covering topics like blockchain wallets, Ethereum, and the difference between Ethereum and Bitcoin.', 'The session covers the trending keywords of blockchain and Bitcoin, indicating the widespread interest in cryptocurrency.', 'A practical demonstration is provided for creating a private autonomous blockchain and performing internal transactions, offering hands-on insight into blockchain operations.', 'In 2015, J.P. Morgan, Bank of America, and Wells Fargo made close to 6 billion just from ATM and overdraft transaction fees.', '10,000 daily transactions with a 2% commission amount to a significant sum.', 'The 2008 financial crisis was partly caused by banks lending money as subprime mortgages, leading to a significant fall in real estate value.']}, {'end': 1890.537, 'segs': [{'end': 781.356, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 620.019, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 623.6, 'text': 'There are certain cryptocurrencies that do follow a specific transaction fees,', 'start': 620.019, 'duration': 3.581}, {'end': 630.018, 'text': 'But this is comparably minute when you see the transaction fees that is associated to a bank transaction.', 'start': 623.936, 'duration': 6.082}, {'end': 635.121, 'text': "So since all of you understood till here, let's talk about the Bitcoin transaction system.", 'start': 630.659, 'duration': 4.462}, {'end': 642.183, 'text': 'But before we actually talk about the Bitcoin transaction system, what we need to understand is what exactly is blockchain.', 'start': 635.481, 'duration': 6.702}, {'end': 646.205, 'text': 'Blockchain basically is the core technology behind Bitcoin in itself.', 'start': 642.704, 'duration': 3.501}, {'end': 649.151, 'text': 'you can say it is the spine of Bitcoin system.', 'start': 646.67, 'duration': 2.481}, {'end': 655.894, 'text': 'To put it quite simply, blockchain is actually a public distributed database which holds the encrypted ledger.', 'start': 649.852, 'duration': 6.042}, {'end': 661.517, 'text': 'So why is it encrypted? To keep the details of the people involved in it completely anonymous.', 'start': 656.435, 'duration': 5.082}, {'end': 664.259, 'text': 'Apart from this, what exactly is a block?', 'start': 661.957, 'duration': 2.302}, {'end': 664.979, 'text': 'you might be wondering?', 'start': 664.259, 'duration': 0.72}, {'end': 671.021, 'text': 'A block is a collection of all the recent transactions that have happened and are verified.', 'start': 665.399, 'duration': 5.622}, {'end': 677.302, 'text': 'You group all these transaction details, create a hash code for this and then you store it in a block.', 'start': 671.361, 'duration': 5.941}, {'end': 685.404, 'text': 'Once the transaction is verified, then what happens is this block becomes a permanent part of the blockchain and the chain keeps growing.', 'start': 677.862, 'duration': 7.542}, {'end': 691.506, 'text': 'So it is believed that every 10 minutes a new block gets created and the blockchain keeps growing accordingly.', 'start': 685.924, 'duration': 5.582}, {'end': 699.598, 'text': "So how many transactions happen with respect to that timeframe? All can be grouped as part of the block and then stored into the blockchain's block.", 'start': 691.986, 'duration': 7.612}, {'end': 707.349, 'text': "But then again, you might be wondering what exactly is Bitcoin in itself? So don't worry, that's exactly what we're talking about next.", 'start': 700.199, 'duration': 7.15}, {'end': 717.375, 'text': 'Now Bitcoin is the first decentralized digital currency that came into the market and was introduced in 2009 by a pseudonym called Satoshi Nakamoto.', 'start': 708.168, 'duration': 9.207}, {'end': 724.4, 'text': 'Now he brought in the concept of Bitcoin and blockchain together in an open paper and this was something of a revolution.', 'start': 717.955, 'duration': 6.445}, {'end': 731.506, 'text': 'It was not until July 2009 the first blockchain came into implementation and became quite popular since then.', 'start': 725.24, 'duration': 6.266}, {'end': 740.035, 'text': "Now you may be wondering, since it's a decentralized and a digital currency, can't we just keep creating bitcoins as per our needs? The answer is no.", 'start': 732.087, 'duration': 7.948}, {'end': 749.143, 'text': 'Bitcoins use various cryptographic as well as mathematical problems that ensure that the creation as well as management of bitcoins is restricted.', 'start': 740.595, 'duration': 8.548}, {'end': 756.837, 'text': "Now there are only 21 million bitcoins that can be created and as on 2016 we've almost created 14 million of them.", 'start': 749.915, 'duration': 6.922}, {'end': 761.499, 'text': 'So what Bitcoin community has done is that they keep upgrading the algorithms,', 'start': 757.357, 'duration': 4.142}, {'end': 765.74, 'text': 'as well as cryptographic technologies involved in Bitcoin on a regular basis.', 'start': 761.499, 'duration': 4.241}, {'end': 774.023, 'text': 'This ensures that even if there are more miners that come into the Bitcoin technology every day that the Bitcoin system does not get exhausted.', 'start': 766.14, 'duration': 7.883}, {'end': 781.356, 'text': 'With the increase of complexity, it ensures that only by 2140 does the last Bitcoin get mined.', 'start': 774.895, 'duration': 6.461}], 'summary': 'Blockchain is the core technology behind bitcoin, with 14 million bitcoins created out of a total of 21 million, and a new block created every 10 minutes.', 'duration': 161.337, 'max_score': 620.019, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc620019.jpg'}, {'end': 1076.085, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1047.682, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1051.625, 'text': 'Although there are different kinds of cryptocurrency system in the market today.', 'start': 1047.682, 'duration': 3.943}, {'end': 1057.39, 'text': 'to give you a simple example, blockchain system actually keeps count of the unspent transaction output.', 'start': 1051.625, 'duration': 5.765}, {'end': 1063.716, 'text': 'Whereas your systems like GoEthereum follows an account based system where an account balance is also stored.', 'start': 1057.891, 'duration': 5.825}, {'end': 1069.28, 'text': 'So based on different kinds of requirements by the user, you have different kinds of blockchain in itself.', 'start': 1064.176, 'duration': 5.104}, {'end': 1072.903, 'text': "But we're gonna be talking mainly about Bitcoin blockchain itself.", 'start': 1069.76, 'duration': 3.143}, {'end': 1076.085, 'text': "So we'll be talking about the unspent transaction output.", 'start': 1073.383, 'duration': 2.702}], 'summary': 'Bitcoin blockchain uses unspent transaction output to track transactions.', 'duration': 28.403, 'max_score': 1047.682, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc1047682.jpg'}, {'end': 1133.456, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1102.419, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1104.299, 'text': 'since James has sufficient balance,', 'start': 1102.419, 'duration': 1.88}, {'end': 1112.021, 'text': 'the transaction will definitely go forward and the account balance of Kevin gets updated with respect to everyone who holds the copy of the ledger.', 'start': 1104.299, 'duration': 7.722}, {'end': 1118.525, 'text': 'That is, this transaction is successful, gets broadcasted to everyone across the network who is part of the blockchain,', 'start': 1112.441, 'duration': 6.084}, {'end': 1120.867, 'text': 'and they themselves update their ledger accordingly.', 'start': 1118.525, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 1127.712, 'text': 'But then you might be wondering whose job is it to verify that this transaction goes through and James has sufficient balance.', 'start': 1121.327, 'duration': 6.385}, {'end': 1133.456, 'text': 'That exactly is what the job role of miners Lisa and Robert is as we have discussed earlier.', 'start': 1127.952, 'duration': 5.504}], 'summary': "James's transaction is successful, updating kevin's balance, and verified by miners lisa and robert.", 'duration': 31.037, 'max_score': 1102.419, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc1102419.jpg'}, {'end': 1239.13, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1208.938, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 1213.401, 'text': 'Now. usually this whole process of a block validation gets completed in 10 minutes,', 'start': 1208.938, 'duration': 4.463}, {'end': 1217.485, 'text': 'but it is suggested that you wait about 30 minutes to confirm a transaction.', 'start': 1213.401, 'duration': 4.084}, {'end': 1225.182, 'text': 'Now, again, since every transaction gets validated by a miner, they go back to all their previous history and keep checking.', 'start': 1217.998, 'duration': 7.184}, {'end': 1233.306, 'text': "Now, let's say James at the same time had tried to send 500 to Kevin and 500 to Rahul, having only 500 as part of his balance.", 'start': 1225.542, 'duration': 7.764}, {'end': 1239.13, 'text': 'Then what would happen is since each transaction is individually being checked, the transactions would go through one by one.', 'start': 1233.627, 'duration': 5.503}], 'summary': 'Block validation takes 10 minutes, wait 30 minutes to confirm transactions. each transaction is individually checked by miners.', 'duration': 30.192, 'max_score': 1208.938, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc1208938.jpg'}, {'end': 1292.288, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1262.415, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 1266.856, 'text': 'Why would Lisa and Robert actually sit down and validate their transactions??', 'start': 1262.415, 'duration': 4.441}, {'end': 1268.216, 'text': 'What do they have to gain??', 'start': 1267.416, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 1273.98, 'text': 'The miners who validate the transaction as well as complete the next block of the blockchain,', 'start': 1269.076, 'duration': 4.904}, {'end': 1278.304, 'text': 'get a 12.5 Bitcoin as an incentive for the creation of the new block.', 'start': 1273.98, 'duration': 4.324}, {'end': 1283.969, 'text': 'Now, this is something that gets created out of thin air and gets added to their Bitcoin wallet associated to it.', 'start': 1278.664, 'duration': 5.305}, {'end': 1287.292, 'text': 'Now, 12.5 Bitcoins is not a small amount.', 'start': 1284.59, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 1292.288, 'text': "In today's value, it's somewhere about 33 to $34, 000, which is a very huge amount.", 'start': 1288.007, 'duration': 4.281}], 'summary': 'Miners validate transactions for 12.5 bitcoin, worth $33,000 to $34,000.', 'duration': 29.873, 'max_score': 1262.415, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc1262415.jpg'}, {'end': 1417.667, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1388.839, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1394.302, 'text': 'But at the same time, since more miners are coming, we need to ensure that the Bitcoin system does not get depleted.', 'start': 1388.839, 'duration': 5.463}, {'end': 1398.463, 'text': "As I had mentioned earlier, there's only 21 million Bitcoins that can be mined.", 'start': 1394.782, 'duration': 3.681}, {'end': 1402.064, 'text': 'So the system in itself makes it difficult for you to compute the resource.', 'start': 1398.783, 'duration': 3.281}, {'end': 1406.505, 'text': 'And as I had mentioned, just check how efficient it would be for you to become a miner.', 'start': 1402.504, 'duration': 4.001}, {'end': 1413.066, 'text': "Now it's time we try to understand how blockchain achieves the Bitcoin solution or the Bitcoin panel system.", 'start': 1407.085, 'duration': 5.981}, {'end': 1417.667, 'text': "Now, what happens first is that there's a request for transaction initiated.", 'start': 1413.786, 'duration': 3.881}], 'summary': 'Bitcoin system has a limit of 21 million bitcoins, making mining difficult and efficient, while blockchain achieves the bitcoin solution.', 'duration': 28.828, 'max_score': 1388.839, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc1388839.jpg'}], 'start': 373.284, 'title': 'Bitcoin and blockchain', 'summary': "Delves into bitcoin's solutions for financial issues, decentralization, security, and immutability in blockchain, addressing job loss, financial instability, and centralized power in monetary systems, with insights on the limit of 21 million bitcoins, the role of miners, and the efficiency and security of the system.", 'chapters': [{'end': 408.724, 'start': 373.284, 'title': "Bitcoin's solution to financial issues", 'summary': 'Explores the issues of job loss and financial instability caused by the pursuit of wealth and discusses how bitcoin addresses the issue of centralized power in monetary systems.', 'duration': 35.44, 'highlights': ['Bitcoin addresses the issue of centralized power in monetary systems, as every monetary system today is controlled by a central governing authority, leading to financial instability and job loss.', 'Many people lost their jobs and money in the pursuit of wealth, prompting the question of how Bitcoin can solve these issues.']}, {'end': 699.598, 'start': 409.625, 'title': 'Decentralization and security in blockchain', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of blockchain and its impact on decentralization, security, and immutability, including the distribution of power among bitcoin users, the public nature of the ledger, the anonymity it provides, and its immunity to hacking and double spending.', 'duration': 289.973, 'highlights': ['Blockchain system distributes power among Bitcoin users, ensuring decentralization. Anyone joining the Bitcoin and blockchain system gains power, as the system distributes authority to all network participants.', 'Public nature of the blockchain ledger ensures transparency and immutability of transactions. The blockchain ledger is public, providing complete transaction details to all network participants and ensuring secure storage without manipulation.', 'Blockchain provides anonymity and immutability, making it secure and resistant to hacking. Blockchain offers anonymity in transactions and is immune to hacking, ensuring the security and integrity of the system.', "Blockchain system effectively tackles the double spending problem. The blockchain system's structure prevents double spending issues, ensuring the integrity of transactions and addressing a historical challenge in digital transactions.", 'Most cryptocurrencies have minimal or no transaction fees, offering cost-effective transactions compared to traditional banking. The majority of cryptocurrencies do not charge transaction fees, providing a cost-effective alternative to traditional banking transactions.']}, {'end': 1078.847, 'start': 700.199, 'title': 'Understanding bitcoin and blockchain', 'summary': 'Discusses bitcoin, a decentralized digital currency introduced in 2009 with a limit of 21 million bitcoins, and the secure and decentralized nature of blockchain technology, including its key concepts and the role of miners.', 'duration': 378.648, 'highlights': ['Bitcoin has a limit of 21 million bitcoins, with nearly 14 million created by 2016. The total number of bitcoins that can be created is limited to 21 million, and approximately 14 million bitcoins had been created by 2016.', 'Blockchain ensures the security and validity of transactions through cryptographic technologies and distributed ledger systems. The blockchain technology ensures the security and validity of transactions through cryptographic technologies and distributed ledger systems, with every transaction being verified and validated before being added to a block.', 'The role of miners as special professionals to verify and validate transactions in the Bitcoin network. Miners play a crucial role in the Bitcoin network by verifying and validating transactions to ensure that the sender has sufficient balance, thereby maintaining the security and integrity of the network.']}, {'end': 1890.537, 'start': 1079.548, 'title': 'Bitcoin transaction and blockchain system', 'summary': "Explains the process of a bitcoin transaction, including the role of miners like lisa and robert in verifying transactions and adding them to the blockchain, highlighting the significance of blockchain's distributed ledger, p2p network, and digital signatures, and the incentives for miners, with a focus on the efficiency and security of the system.", 'duration': 810.989, 'highlights': ["The miners who validate the transaction and complete the next block of the blockchain receive a 12.5 Bitcoin incentive for the creation of the new block, equivalent to approximately 33 to $34,000 in today's value, which contributes to the system's popularity and attraction for miners. Miners receive a substantial 12.5 Bitcoin incentive, valued at approximately 33 to $34,000, for creating a new block, showcasing the significant financial rewards that contribute to the system's appeal.", 'The Bitcoin system is designed to avoid double spending, ensuring that transactions are individually checked and processed, effectively preventing the problem of double spending discussed earlier, thereby maintaining the integrity of the system. The Bitcoin system effectively prevents double spending by individually verifying and processing transactions, ensuring the integrity and security of the system against fraudulent activities.', "The blockchain's distributed ledger ensures that everyone involved in the cycle has a copy of the ledger, preventing fraud and unauthorized changes, providing a secure and transparent record of all transactions. The distributed ledger of the blockchain prevents fraud and unauthorized changes, offering a transparent and secure record of all transactions by providing each participant with a copy of the ledger.", 'The P2P network in the blockchain guarantees complete consistency by rejecting any attempted changes to a transaction or block, maintaining the original and authentic blockchain across the network through majority consensus and rejection of unauthorized modifications. The P2P network ensures complete consistency by rejecting unauthorized changes to transactions or blocks, maintaining the authenticity of the blockchain through majority consensus and rejection of unauthorized modifications.', 'A digital signature, created using the public keys of the sender and receiver, along with the transaction amount and a hash algorithm, ensures the authenticity and accuracy of the transaction, providing a secure and reliable mechanism for verification. The digital signature, derived from the public keys and transaction details, ensures the authenticity and accuracy of the transaction, offering a secure and reliable verification mechanism for the sender and receiver.']}], 'duration': 1517.253, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc373284.jpg', 'highlights': ['Bitcoin addresses centralized power in monetary systems, tackling financial instability and job loss.', 'Blockchain ensures decentralization and transparency, offering security and immutability.', 'Bitcoin has a limit of 21 million bitcoins, with nearly 14 million created by 2016.', 'Miners play a crucial role in verifying and validating transactions in the Bitcoin network.', "Miners receive a substantial 12.5 Bitcoin incentive for creating a new block, contributing to the system's popularity.", 'The Bitcoin system effectively prevents double spending, maintaining the integrity of transactions.', 'The distributed ledger of the blockchain prevents fraud and unauthorized changes, providing a secure and transparent record of all transactions.', 'The P2P network in the blockchain ensures complete consistency by rejecting unauthorized changes to transactions or blocks.', 'A digital signature ensures the authenticity and accuracy of transactions, providing a secure verification mechanism.']}, {'end': 2668.416, 'segs': [{'end': 2375.652, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2348.573, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2355.658, 'text': 'the opportunity of hacking into the bank ledgers and making changes with respect to that same is becoming highly impossible as well for the people.', 'start': 2348.573, 'duration': 7.085}, {'end': 2361.181, 'text': 'Imagine what you would have done earlier was you would actually hack into a bank, make the changes in the ledger,', 'start': 2356.258, 'duration': 4.923}, {'end': 2363.523, 'text': "take money from someone else's account, put it in your account.", 'start': 2361.181, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 2369.788, 'text': "But now it's quite impossible because the only details that are present as part of the ledger is the transaction details.", 'start': 2363.883, 'duration': 5.905}, {'end': 2375.652, 'text': 'Which as you know cannot be modified by a single person because the blockchain is designed as such.', 'start': 2370.048, 'duration': 5.604}], 'summary': 'Hacking into bank ledgers for financial gain is now highly impossible due to blockchain technology.', 'duration': 27.079, 'max_score': 2348.573, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc2348573.jpg'}, {'end': 2451.93, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2429.334, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2436.799, 'text': "Again, let's say if you do want a transaction to be completed on a very high priority, then it's up to you to add a specific transaction fees.", 'start': 2429.334, 'duration': 7.465}, {'end': 2443.368, 'text': "Why would anyone add a transaction fees if you don't have to add it? there are about a million transactions happening.", 'start': 2437.259, 'duration': 6.109}, {'end': 2445.089, 'text': 'Now a miner needs to validate them.', 'start': 2443.388, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 2451.93, 'text': "Even though there's a huge number of miners, it's not easy for him to verify all the transactions that come in at the same time.", 'start': 2445.409, 'duration': 6.521}], 'summary': 'Transactions can be prioritized with fees; with a million transactions occurring, miners face challenges in validating them all.', 'duration': 22.596, 'max_score': 2429.334, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc2429334.jpg'}, {'end': 2565.917, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2533.325, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2538.186, 'text': 'Now as I have mentioned earlier you are basically providing the public key as part of the ledger.', 'start': 2533.325, 'duration': 4.861}, {'end': 2540.887, 'text': 'Now there is an upside and downside to it.', 'start': 2538.606, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 2545.608, 'text': 'The upside is that no one really knows who is the person who has the most balance,', 'start': 2541.207, 'duration': 4.401}, {'end': 2548.469, 'text': 'or how much balance does each person have who is part of the blockchain?', 'start': 2545.608, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 2552.429, 'text': 'But at the downside all of you do remember the ransomware attack.', 'start': 2548.949, 'duration': 3.48}, {'end': 2558.371, 'text': 'There what had happened was they had requested in terms of bitcoins and they had given their public ID.', 'start': 2552.81, 'duration': 5.561}, {'end': 2565.917, 'text': 'Now, even though the public ID was provided, it is not easy to identify who the person was at the other receiving end,', 'start': 2558.911, 'duration': 7.006}], 'summary': 'Public key in blockchain provides anonymity, but may pose security risks like ransomware attacks.', 'duration': 32.592, 'max_score': 2533.325, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc2533325.jpg'}], 'start': 1890.957, 'title': "Blockchain's impact and use cases", 'summary': "Explores blockchain's security features, implementation in multiple domains, programming languages, transaction logging, validation process, types of blockchains, use cases in banking, and rapid growth of bitcoin wallet system. it also discusses the impact of blockchain technology across various domains, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize sectors, reduce fraud, increase security, and enhance convenience.", 'chapters': [{'end': 2198.263, 'start': 1890.957, 'title': 'Blockchain: security, implementation, and use cases', 'summary': 'Discusses the security features of blockchain, its implementation across multiple domains, programming languages for implementation, transaction logging, validation process, types of blockchains, and the no trust system. it also highlights the use cases in the banking domain and the rapid growth of the bitcoin wallet system.', 'duration': 307.306, 'highlights': ['Blockchain ensures security and immutability by validating and logging every transaction, making it difficult to manipulate. Every transaction in a blockchain is verified, validated, and logged, ensuring security and immutability, making it hard to manipulate.', 'Blockchain is being implemented across multiple domains and provides new generation solutions, overcoming challenges faced by previous generation applications. Blockchain is implemented across various domains, providing new generation solutions and overcoming challenges faced by previous generation applications.', 'Solidity is the most preferred language for writing blockchain programs. Solidity is the most preferred language for writing blockchain programs.', 'Each transaction in a blockchain is logged with information on time, participants, and transmitted amount, ensuring transparency and traceability. Every transaction in a blockchain is logged with details on time, participants, and transmitted amount, ensuring transparency and traceability.', 'Blockchain transactions are validated by miners solving complex mathematical puzzles, ensuring the integrity of the ledger. Blockchain transactions are validated by miners solving complex mathematical puzzles, ensuring the integrity of the ledger.']}, {'end': 2668.416, 'start': 2198.263, 'title': 'Blockchain in various domains', 'summary': 'Discusses the wide-ranging impact of blockchain technology across healthcare, law enforcement, election and voting, internet of things, online music market, real estate, banking, and payment and transfer domains, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize these sectors, reduce fraud, increase security, and enhance convenience.', 'duration': 470.153, 'highlights': ["Blockchain's impact on healthcare includes secure storage of patient details, potential for a nationwide blockchain, and controlled access for doctors, law enforcement, and authorized personnel, promising improved security and accessibility.", 'The potential for blockchain to revolutionize election and voting processes, secure personal information, prevent vote frauds, and increase voter turnout by providing convenient and secure voting options, leading to a significant transformation in the domain.', 'The influence of blockchain on banking, with the potential to cut down $20 billion in middlemen costs, improve security, prevent hacking, and provide clarity on transaction details, while acknowledging the potential impact on job reduction and the clarity it brings to transaction details.', 'The impact of blockchain on the payment and transfer domain, ensuring security, ease of usage, and the option for users to prioritize transactions by adding transaction fees, while detailing the role of miners in transaction verification and rewards.', 'The potential of blockchain in the real estate domain, with the likelihood of direct property purchases through a real estate blockchain, highlighting the impending transformation and convenience it offers in property transactions.', 'The potential of blockchain to revolutionize the Internet of Things domain, ensuring secure data transfer between devices and its growing adoption in the online music market, offering access to music while preventing unauthorized modifications, thereby guaranteeing security and accessibility.', 'The discussion of the potential risks and benefits of blockchain, including increased clarity on transaction details, maintenance of anonymity, and the shift from conventional private ledger systems to the next generation of distributed ledger systems, ensuring clarity and security in money transactions.', 'The potential of blockchain to provide secure and anonymous transactions without the need for specific bank accounts or personal details, ensuring anonymity and ease of usage, while acknowledging the positive and negative aspects of maintaining public keys for transactions.', 'The potential for blockchain to transform the election and voting domain, by securing personal information, preventing vote frauds, increasing voter turnout, and providing convenient and secure voting options, thereby revolutionizing the domain and enhancing democratic processes.', 'The potential of blockchain to revolutionize the Internet of Things domain, ensuring secure data transfer between devices and its growing adoption in the online music market, offering access to music while preventing unauthorized modifications, thereby guaranteeing security and accessibility.']}], 'duration': 777.459, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc1890957.jpg', 'highlights': ['Blockchain ensures security and immutability by validating and logging every transaction, making it difficult to manipulate.', 'Blockchain is being implemented across multiple domains and provides new generation solutions, overcoming challenges faced by previous generation applications.', 'Solidity is the most preferred language for writing blockchain programs.', 'Each transaction in a blockchain is logged with information on time, participants, and transmitted amount, ensuring transparency and traceability.', 'Blockchain transactions are validated by miners solving complex mathematical puzzles, ensuring the integrity of the ledger.', 'The potential for blockchain to revolutionize election and voting processes, secure personal information, prevent vote frauds, and increase voter turnout by providing convenient and secure voting options, leading to a significant transformation in the domain.', 'The influence of blockchain on banking, with the potential to cut down $20 billion in middlemen costs, improve security, prevent hacking, and provide clarity on transaction details, while acknowledging the potential impact on job reduction and the clarity it brings to transaction details.', 'The potential of blockchain to revolutionize the Internet of Things domain, ensuring secure data transfer between devices and its growing adoption in the online music market, offering access to music while preventing unauthorized modifications, thereby guaranteeing security and accessibility.']}, {'end': 5105.599, 'segs': [{'end': 2951.864, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2785.864, 'weight': 0.868, 'content': [{'end': 2792.949, 'text': "So if you're validating a transaction and creating a new block, you need to ensure that ethers are being provided to these miners as well.", 'start': 2785.864, 'duration': 7.085}, {'end': 2795.23, 'text': "Okay, so let's not waste any time.", 'start': 2793.569, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 2798.231, 'text': "Let's first begin by installing GoEthereum onto our system.", 'start': 2795.29, 'duration': 2.941}, {'end': 2801.173, 'text': "Then let's register an account to GoEthereum blockchain.", 'start': 2798.652, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 2804.014, 'text': "Then we'll be creating our privacy autonomous blockchain.", 'start': 2801.553, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 2806.976, 'text': "And finally, we'll try to perform few transactions internally.", 'start': 2804.134, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 2813.879, 'text': "Now, as I had mentioned at the start of the session, These are basically dummy transactions that we'll be working on, but again,", 'start': 2807.376, 'duration': 6.503}, {'end': 2819.481, 'text': 'this should give you a complete idea of how a blockchain system works and how it effectively solves your problem.', 'start': 2813.879, 'duration': 5.602}, {'end': 2822.702, 'text': "So first, let's begin by installing blockchain onto our system.", 'start': 2820.041, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 2824.343, 'text': 'Now for this.', 'start': 2823.203, 'duration': 1.14}, {'end': 2833.207, 'text': 'the first thing that we need to do is that we need to clone the Go Ethereum path that is present on the GitHub repository and we need to create a local repository as part of that.', 'start': 2824.343, 'duration': 8.864}, {'end': 2836.136, 'text': "Now we'll be doing that on an Ubuntu virtual machine.", 'start': 2833.595, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 2842.879, 'text': 'So in case if you do have an Ubuntu virtual machine to your access immediately, you can go on and try it out simultaneously as I do.', 'start': 2836.436, 'duration': 6.443}, {'end': 2846.741, 'text': 'Or even if you have Ubuntu installed in your system, I would recommend that you try it out.', 'start': 2843.219, 'duration': 3.522}, {'end': 2850.783, 'text': "So we're gonna go step by step and I'll be explaining to you completely.", 'start': 2847.141, 'duration': 3.642}, {'end': 2855.184, 'text': "So even if you face any challenge at one step, I'll be able to assist you with respect to that same.", 'start': 2851.043, 'duration': 4.141}, {'end': 2858.706, 'text': "Okay, so first let's begin by cloning the Git repository.", 'start': 2855.825, 'duration': 2.881}, {'end': 2866.648, 'text': "Now, the first thing that we're gonna do is we're gonna execute the command git clone and then we're gonna clone the Go Ethereum repository present on Git.", 'start': 2859.585, 'duration': 7.063}, {'end': 2869.149, 'text': 'So for that use the command git clone.', 'start': 2867.148, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 2879.813, 'text': 'Now. this may take some time, so I request you to be a bit patient while this command gets executed,', 'start': 2874.511, 'duration': 5.302}, {'end': 2882.434, 'text': 'because the Git repository for Go Ethereum is slightly big.', 'start': 2879.813, 'duration': 2.621}, {'end': 2894.541, 'text': "Okay so now that the repository has been cloned let's go into the folder.", 'start': 2891.112, 'duration': 3.429}, {'end': 2900.234, 'text': 'So you use cd go hyphen ethereum and let me show you the files that are present here.', 'start': 2895.222, 'duration': 5.012}, {'end': 2904.202, 'text': 'So these are all the files that are present in the GoEthereum folder.', 'start': 2901.121, 'duration': 3.081}, {'end': 2909.404, 'text': "So now what we're going to do is that we want to check out the tags or the versions which are present for GoEthereum.", 'start': 2904.642, 'duration': 4.762}, {'end': 2912.284, 'text': 'For that what you can do, you can check the commit issues.', 'start': 2909.804, 'duration': 2.48}, {'end': 2916.446, 'text': 'So this will give you an idea as to the different versions of GoEthereum that are present.', 'start': 2912.565, 'duration': 3.881}, {'end': 2921.207, 'text': 'So you can use the command git tag and you can see the different versions of GoEthereum.', 'start': 2916.866, 'duration': 4.341}, {'end': 2922.507, 'text': 'Since 1.6.', 'start': 2921.647, 'duration': 0.86}, {'end': 2926.369, 'text': "7 seems to be the latest version, we'll use that as part of our practical.", 'start': 2922.507, 'duration': 3.862}, {'end': 2931.35, 'text': "Now what we're going to do is that we're going to create a branch of the version 1.6.", 'start': 2926.869, 'duration': 4.481}, {'end': 2938.451, 'text': '7 For that you can use the command git checkout tags slash the version which you want to branch.', 'start': 2931.35, 'duration': 7.101}, {'end': 2942.742, 'text': "So in this case it's v1.6.", 'start': 2938.811, 'duration': 3.931}, {'end': 2946.493, 'text': '7 followed by minus b branch and the target destination.', 'start': 2942.742, 'duration': 3.751}, {'end': 2951.864, 'text': "So what I'm going to do is that I'm going to set the target destination to be as Edureka Ethereum v1.6.", 'start': 2946.753, 'duration': 5.111}], 'summary': 'The session covers setting up goethereum, creating a blockchain, and performing internal transactions on ubuntu virtual machine, with a focus on version 1.6.7.', 'duration': 166, 'max_score': 2785.864, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc2785864.jpg'}, {'end': 3229.495, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3188.679, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 3191.922, 'text': "So let's close this and let's go back to our go ethereum terminal.", 'start': 3188.679, 'duration': 3.243}, {'end': 3195.605, 'text': 'and here what you need to do finally, is that you need to execute the make all command.', 'start': 3191.922, 'duration': 3.683}, {'end': 3199.457, 'text': 'Okay, sometimes this tends to happen.', 'start': 3197.796, 'duration': 1.661}, {'end': 3202.44, 'text': 'So what you can do is just close this, open a new terminal.', 'start': 3199.477, 'duration': 2.963}, {'end': 3204.862, 'text': "Let's go back to our go ethereum folder.", 'start': 3203.3, 'duration': 1.562}, {'end': 3208.665, 'text': 'And here, just check the go version.', 'start': 3206.843, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 3211.167, 'text': 'Yes, this is working.', 'start': 3210.306, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 3215.87, 'text': 'So sometimes what happens is an existing terminal does not accept the updated value.', 'start': 3211.487, 'duration': 4.383}, {'end': 3219.413, 'text': 'So in that case, just open a new terminal and execute the following command.', 'start': 3216.211, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 3223.316, 'text': 'So now the final command that we need to execute is make all.', 'start': 3219.853, 'duration': 3.463}, {'end': 3225.258, 'text': 'So here, just execute make all.', 'start': 3223.877, 'duration': 1.381}, {'end': 3229.495, 'text': "So as you can see it's getting executed.", 'start': 3227.813, 'duration': 1.682}], 'summary': "To update go ethereum, execute 'make all' command in new terminal.", 'duration': 40.816, 'max_score': 3188.679, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc3188679.jpg'}, {'end': 3412.727, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 3253.882, 'weight': 0.735, 'content': [{'end': 3256.224, 'text': 'Now the next step is to create a Genesis block.', 'start': 3253.882, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 3263.69, 'text': 'Now what exactly is a Genesis block? Genesis block is always referred to as the first block or the zeroth block for a blockchain.', 'start': 3256.584, 'duration': 7.106}, {'end': 3266.972, 'text': 'It basically contains the details with respect to the blockchain.', 'start': 3264.11, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 3273.497, 'text': "So what we'll do is we'll first begin by creating a Genesis folder and then we'll add a Genesis JSON file into it.", 'start': 3267.492, 'duration': 6.005}, {'end': 3279.043, 'text': "So what we'll be doing is in our Go Ethereum directory we'll be creating a new folder called Genesis.", 'start': 3274.721, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 3283.306, 'text': "Now let's go into the Genesis folder.", 'start': 3281.825, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 3290.99, 'text': 'And here you need to create a new JSON file which has all the details of the Genesis block.', 'start': 3285.807, 'duration': 5.183}, {'end': 3298.574, 'text': "So for that use the command, get it, Genesis, and I'll just name it Genesis3.json.", 'start': 3291.09, 'duration': 7.484}, {'end': 3301.115, 'text': "And let's add the code.", 'start': 3299.994, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 3305.713, 'text': "Now, what has to be present in the Genesis block? Let's discuss about that.", 'start': 3302.008, 'duration': 3.705}, {'end': 3310.098, 'text': 'Now, in a Genesis block, you define the different rules for our blockchain.', 'start': 3306.073, 'duration': 4.025}, {'end': 3313.783, 'text': 'So for that, what you have to do is you need to understand this code.', 'start': 3310.859, 'duration': 2.924}, {'end': 3317.567, 'text': 'So let me just give you a brief summary as to what is present as part of this code.', 'start': 3313.843, 'duration': 3.724}, {'end': 3319.829, 'text': "Now let's start by the simple things.", 'start': 3318.308, 'duration': 1.521}, {'end': 3327.334, 'text': 'Timestamp basically is a timestamp and extra byte basically is the extra 32 bit memory that you can use to pass any message with respect to that same.', 'start': 3320.009, 'duration': 7.325}, {'end': 3329.035, 'text': 'Then comes difficulty.', 'start': 3327.894, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 3334.938, 'text': 'Difficulty basically is how difficult is it going to be to mine a specific block as part of the blockchain.', 'start': 3329.195, 'duration': 5.743}, {'end': 3338.481, 'text': 'So you can set this difficulty and modify it as per your requirement.', 'start': 3335.239, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 3340.382, 'text': 'Then coming to Coinbase.', 'start': 3339.181, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 3347.006, 'text': 'Coinbase is basically the address to which the coins have to be sent to after the block has successfully been mined.', 'start': 3340.842, 'duration': 6.164}, {'end': 3349.335, 'text': 'Then comes your parent hash.', 'start': 3348.072, 'duration': 1.263}, {'end': 3351.82, 'text': 'Parent hash basically is the hash code of a parent.', 'start': 3349.375, 'duration': 2.445}, {'end': 3359.335, 'text': 'In a blockchain, every block has the hash code of the previous block and this is how you identify which is a valid block or not.', 'start': 3352.321, 'duration': 7.014}, {'end': 3364.353, 'text': 'So in our case, we are setting the value of parent hash as well as Coinbase to zero.', 'start': 3360.37, 'duration': 3.983}, {'end': 3369.017, 'text': "And now we'll talk about both nonce as well as the mixed hash value.", 'start': 3365.114, 'duration': 3.903}, {'end': 3373.001, 'text': 'A mixed hash value is a value that is kept fixed throughout your blockchain.', 'start': 3369.538, 'duration': 3.463}, {'end': 3377.805, 'text': 'But your nonce is the key value that needs to be computed by every miner.', 'start': 3373.441, 'duration': 4.364}, {'end': 3384.707, 'text': 'Okay, the combination of your nonce as well as your mixed hash is something known as a proof of work.', 'start': 3378.385, 'duration': 6.322}, {'end': 3392.31, 'text': 'You need to get a specific hash value with the combination of nonce and mixed hash, which is less than the set value for a block.', 'start': 3385.208, 'duration': 7.102}, {'end': 3396.552, 'text': "How is this value defined? There's a certain mathematical logic associated to it.", 'start': 3393.091, 'duration': 3.461}, {'end': 3398.093, 'text': "So let's not go there now.", 'start': 3396.892, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 3402.217, 'text': 'Basically what you need to do is that you need to identify the value of nonce.', 'start': 3398.474, 'duration': 3.743}, {'end': 3409.644, 'text': "Once you've identified this value and added it to the mixed hash, it should be equivalent or lesser than the mathematical value set for that block.", 'start': 3402.738, 'duration': 6.906}, {'end': 3412.727, 'text': 'Now this is where the resource gets invested.', 'start': 3410.245, 'duration': 2.482}], 'summary': 'Creating a genesis block involves defining blockchain rules and setting values for timestamp, difficulty, coinbase, parent hash, nonce, and mixed hash to ensure proof of work.', 'duration': 158.845, 'max_score': 3253.882, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc3253882.jpg'}, {'end': 3442.971, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3417.17, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 3425.798, 'text': 'Now it was believed that in the year 2014, the value for nonce had to be tried between 1.4 till 15 quadrillion values.', 'start': 3417.17, 'duration': 8.628}, {'end': 3428.1, 'text': 'So you can understand how much effort it takes.', 'start': 3426.178, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 3436.127, 'text': 'This is exactly why I said one block cannot be completely solved by a single user and requires a lot of computational power by a user.', 'start': 3428.42, 'duration': 7.707}, {'end': 3442.971, 'text': "And this is why, in today's world, most miners come together to form a pool where the work gets distributed among them.", 'start': 3436.747, 'duration': 6.224}], 'summary': 'In 2014, nonce value had to be tried 1.4-15 quadrillion times, highlighting the substantial computational effort required for blockchain mining.', 'duration': 25.801, 'max_score': 3417.17, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc3417170.jpg'}, {'end': 3638.45, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3611.566, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 3617.649, 'text': 'Apart from that, the next command is eth.accounts which will help you check the various accounts which are part of the blockchain.', 'start': 3611.566, 'duration': 6.083}, {'end': 3619.81, 'text': 'Then you have eth.blocknumber.', 'start': 3618.09, 'duration': 1.72}, {'end': 3624.393, 'text': 'Now this helps you identify the total number of blocks which are part of your present blockchain.', 'start': 3620.071, 'duration': 4.322}, {'end': 3631.663, 'text': 'Then you have miner.start, this starts the mining operation and to stop the mining operation you can use the command miner.stop.', 'start': 3625.396, 'duration': 6.267}, {'end': 3638.45, 'text': 'Finally, you have eth.blocknumber, which tells you at which block you are after performing the mining operation.', 'start': 3632.344, 'duration': 6.106}], 'summary': 'The transcript discusses commands for checking accounts, block number, and mining operation in the blockchain.', 'duration': 26.884, 'max_score': 3611.566, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc3611566.jpg'}, {'end': 3680.99, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3652.913, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3657.075, 'text': "So now let's go back to our console and begin by executing each of these commands one by one.", 'start': 3652.913, 'duration': 4.162}, {'end': 3663.039, 'text': "Now as we have discussed, the first command that we'll be executing is for creating a new account.", 'start': 3658.416, 'duration': 4.623}, {'end': 3665.22, 'text': 'So that is personal.newAccount.', 'start': 3663.079, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 3669.302, 'text': 'Now one thing to remember is that A is capital here.', 'start': 3666.64, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 3676.766, 'text': 'And once you hit on enter, it asks you for a passphrase, which is quite similar to your password.', 'start': 3672.441, 'duration': 4.325}, {'end': 3680.99, 'text': "So once you set a specific passphrase, it'll ask you to confirm it again.", 'start': 3677.126, 'duration': 3.864}], 'summary': 'Executing commands to create a new account with a passphrase.', 'duration': 28.077, 'max_score': 3652.913, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc3652913.jpg'}, {'end': 3951.405, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3923.169, 'weight': 14, 'content': [{'end': 3927.911, 'text': 'we even saw the bitcoin history and how blockchain helps with the bitcoin solution.', 'start': 3923.169, 'duration': 4.742}, {'end': 3934.774, 'text': "after that, we talked about the various blockchain concepts and the blockchain use case and finally, we saw the demo as part of today's session.", 'start': 3927.911, 'duration': 6.863}, {'end': 3941.638, 'text': 'happy learning, Hi folks.', 'start': 3934.774, 'duration': 6.864}, {'end': 3945.701, 'text': 'My name is Arya and I welcome you all to this video on blockchain applications.', 'start': 3941.838, 'duration': 3.863}, {'end': 3951.405, 'text': 'So this is going to be one of the most preliminary videos in the blockchain application development playlist,', 'start': 3946.341, 'duration': 5.064}], 'summary': 'Intro to bitcoin history, blockchain concepts, use case, and demo in blockchain applications video.', 'duration': 28.236, 'max_score': 3923.169, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc3923169.jpg'}, {'end': 4100.135, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4077.199, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4085.124, 'text': 'So if a hacker actually wants to penetrate through to their system, he only has to actually concentrate on one point and that is the main server.', 'start': 4077.199, 'duration': 7.925}, {'end': 4093.55, 'text': "So if that is actually hacked or somehow compromised all your data all the api's and all the endpoints everything is compromised in a process.", 'start': 4085.484, 'duration': 8.066}, {'end': 4100.135, 'text': 'So this is how traditional applications works and these are the shortcomings that come with the traditional applications.', 'start': 4094.11, 'duration': 6.025}], 'summary': 'Traditional applications have a vulnerability where if the main server is compromised, all data, apis, and endpoints are compromised.', 'duration': 22.936, 'max_score': 4077.199, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc4077199.jpg'}, {'end': 4965.206, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4911.738, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4918.743, 'text': 'This decentralized nature ensures honesty in reporting an outcome of events using crowd wisdom to cancel out individual frauds.', 'start': 4911.738, 'duration': 7.005}, {'end': 4926.588, 'text': 'Now Augur has been used for weather prediction, political forecasting, event hedging, and even company or business forecasting.', 'start': 4919.243, 'duration': 7.345}, {'end': 4928.83, 'text': "And it's going pretty well in my opinion.", 'start': 4927.048, 'duration': 1.782}, {'end': 4933.533, 'text': 'So how exactly does Augur work? Well, Augur works on events.', 'start': 4929.31, 'duration': 4.223}, {'end': 4938.416, 'text': 'So an event occurs that is being wagered upon in a market created on the Augur network.', 'start': 4934.013, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 4943.984, 'text': 'Now the outcome results are reported by the reputation holders to auger in two steps.', 'start': 4939.079, 'duration': 4.905}, {'end': 4949.85, 'text': 'part one of the step is the reputation holders privately and securely submit outcome results to the network,', 'start': 4943.984, 'duration': 5.866}, {'end': 4956.197, 'text': 'and the part two is that about one month later, a second report is publicly submitted in plain text for all to see.', 'start': 4949.85, 'duration': 6.347}, {'end': 4961.603, 'text': 'next, upon completion of reporting periods, consensus is achieved, leading to two financial events.', 'start': 4956.197, 'duration': 5.406}, {'end': 4965.206, 'text': 'Those who wagered correctly are paid out for the predictions,', 'start': 4962.143, 'duration': 3.063}], 'summary': 'Augur uses crowd wisdom for honest reporting, has been used for weather, political, and business forecasting, achieving consensus for accurate payouts.', 'duration': 53.468, 'max_score': 4911.738, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc4911738.jpg'}, {'end': 5034.505, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5008.485, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 5013.549, 'text': 'ranks and provide feedback for employers and employees, and send and receive invoices.', 'start': 5008.485, 'duration': 5.064}, {'end': 5023.118, 'text': "Now Atlant works on the ethereum and so it basically has 0% service charge is decentralized and there's no restriction and has free membership.", 'start': 5014.093, 'duration': 9.025}, {'end': 5028.981, 'text': 'So something like freshersworld.com where you are applying for jobs as a fresher.', 'start': 5023.378, 'duration': 5.603}, {'end': 5034.505, 'text': 'You mostly have to pay a certain amount of fee so that you get those invitations and interview call letters,', 'start': 5029.202, 'duration': 5.303}], 'summary': 'Atlant offers 0% service charge, decentralized platform for job applications.', 'duration': 26.02, 'max_score': 5008.485, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc5008485.jpg'}, {'end': 5100.857, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5067.234, 'weight': 16, 'content': [{'end': 5070.476, 'text': 'and the amount of ether that the employer pays is the amount of freelancer gets.', 'start': 5067.234, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 5073.599, 'text': "so that's a very, very big thing for freelancers.", 'start': 5070.476, 'duration': 3.123}, {'end': 5076.501, 'text': 'next is there are no artificial costs or restrictions.', 'start': 5073.599, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 5080.029, 'text': 'For example, let me just quote freshers world.', 'start': 5076.981, 'duration': 3.048}, {'end': 5085.632, 'text': "So, freshers world says that you can join for free and you'll get all those interview letters,", 'start': 5080.49, 'duration': 5.142}, {'end': 5092.494, 'text': "but that's actually a sham because you will be needing to pay that really pro version payment option that they have.", 'start': 5085.632, 'duration': 6.862}, {'end': 5100.857, 'text': 'So you will have to buy that if you want to get those premium companies calling you for your CV, even though you might be actually a very good coder.', 'start': 5092.754, 'duration': 8.103}], 'summary': 'Ether payment benefits freelancers, no artificial costs or restrictions.', 'duration': 33.623, 'max_score': 5067.234, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc5067234.jpg'}], 'start': 2668.854, 'title': 'Blockchain applications and development', 'summary': 'Covers the potential implementation of blockchain in online voting, creation of a genesis block, blockchain application development, decentralized applications, and solutions. it also discusses prominent organizations involved in blockchain technology and demonstrates blockchain development with goethereum and go language. key components such as timestamp, difficulty, parent hash, and decentralized applications like smart contracts, payment in gas, and technology stack are explained. additionally, it highlights three significant blockchain applications: blockverify, ripple, and storj.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3229.495, 'start': 2668.854, 'title': 'Blockchain and online voting', 'summary': 'Discusses the potential implementation of online blockchain voting in upcoming elections, the involvement of prominent organizations like jp morgan and ibm in blockchain technology, and provides a detailed demonstration of installing and working with goethereum and go language for blockchain development.', 'duration': 560.641, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the potential implementation of online blockchain voting in upcoming elections The transcript mentions the efforts to implement the online blockchain voting system in the upcoming elections, indicating a potential shift in election processes.', 'Involvement of prominent organizations like JP Morgan and IBM in blockchain technology The involvement of organizations like JP Morgan and IBM in investing resources to build a public blockchain and increase awareness showcases the growing interest and investment in blockchain technology.', 'Detailed demonstration of installing and working with GoEthereum and Go language for blockchain development The transcript provides a step-by-step demonstration of installing GoEthereum and Go language, essential for working with blockchain development, showcasing practical implementation and technical guidance.']}, {'end': 3477.676, 'start': 3231.818, 'title': 'Creating genesis block in blockchain', 'summary': 'Covers the process of creating a genesis block for a blockchain, detailing the steps and key components such as timestamp, difficulty, parent hash, nonce, mixed hash, and gas limit, along with the computational effort involved in mining a block and the role of miners.', 'duration': 245.858, 'highlights': ['The value of nonce had to be tried between 1.4 till 15 quadrillion values, requiring significant computational effort. The process of finding the value of nonce involved trying between 1.4 till 15 quadrillion values, illustrating the substantial computational effort required.', 'The role of miners is highlighted, emphasizing the collaborative nature of mining in pools and the distribution of incentives among the participants. The transcript explains the collaborative nature of mining in pools and the distribution of incentives among the participants, emphasizing the role of miners in the blockchain network.', 'The description of gas limit as the constraint on the resource spent while mining a block, preventing excessive resource investment for easier block mining. Gas limit is defined as the constraint on resource expenditure during block mining, preventing excessive investment for easier block mining.', 'Explanation of key components of a Genesis block including timestamp, difficulty, parent hash, Coinbase, nonce, mixed hash, and gas limit, providing insights into the fundamental rules and parameters of the blockchain. The transcript provides an explanation of the key components of a Genesis block, offering insights into the fundamental rules and parameters of the blockchain such as timestamp, difficulty, parent hash, Coinbase, nonce, mixed hash, and gas limit.']}, {'end': 4060.869, 'start': 3477.977, 'title': 'Blockchain application development', 'summary': 'Discusses the process of initializing and mining a blockchain, covering commands like personal.newaccounts, eth.accounts, and miner.start, and also explains the importance of decentralization in traditional applications.', 'duration': 582.892, 'highlights': ['Initializing Blockchain and Mining The chapter covers the process of initializing and mining a blockchain, using commands like personal.newaccounts, eth.accounts, and miner.start, emphasizing the importance of these steps in the blockchain development process.', 'Decentralization in Traditional Applications It explains the drawbacks of centralized web servers and the implications of companies owning user data, highlighting the need for decentralization to address privacy concerns and data ownership.']}, {'end': 4430.577, 'start': 4061.11, 'title': 'Decentralized applications and blockchain', 'summary': 'Explains the shortcomings of traditional centralized applications and the advantages of decentralized applications, including the use of smart contracts, payment in gas, and the technology stack used for development.', 'duration': 369.467, 'highlights': ['Decentralized applications promise to deal with the problems of centralized architecture and use smart contracts to define rules and state information for services. Decentralized applications promise to address issues with centralized architecture and utilize smart contracts to define rules and state information for services.', 'Payment in gas, used in the Ethereum Network, and transaction fees collected by miners are key aspects of decentralized network transactions. Decentralized network transactions involve payment in gas and transaction fees collected by miners, particularly in the Ethereum Network.', 'Advantages of decentralized applications include autonomy, trust through encryption, backups on the blockchain, and accuracy in replicating tasks. Decentralized applications offer advantages such as autonomy, trust through encryption, backups on the blockchain, and accuracy in replicating tasks.', 'The technology stack for decentralized app development includes using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, or major frameworks like Angular, React, and Vue.js for the front end, and utilizing Web3 API to connect with smart contracts. The technology stack for decentralized app development involves using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, or major frameworks like Angular, React, and Vue.js for the front end, and utilizing Web3 API to connect with smart contracts.']}, {'end': 5105.599, 'start': 4430.957, 'title': 'Decentralized applications and blockchain solutions', 'summary': 'Discusses the advantages of decentralized applications over centralized architectures and highlights three significant blockchain applications: blockverify for anti-counterfeit, ripple for global payments, and storj for decentralized file storage.', 'duration': 674.642, 'highlights': ['BlockVerify uses blockchain to fight counterfeit products, providing a unique identification number for each product stored on a tamper-proof blockchain, offering a global solution for identifying counterfeit goods and providing ease of verification. Blockchain solution for anti-counterfeit products, unique identification number, tamper-proof blockchain, global solution, ease of verification.', 'RippleNet offers a network for global payments that utilizes blockchain technology, enabling frictionless money transfers in any currency with minimal transaction commission, promising reliability and speed in transactions. Global payment network, blockchain technology, minimal transaction commission, reliability, speed.', 'Storj uses blockchain and peer-to-peer networks for decentralized file storage, addressing issues of privacy, redundancy, and access control in traditional cloud storage solutions, employing encryption, file sharding, and audit for file verification. Decentralized file storage, privacy, redundancy, access control, encryption, file sharding, file verification audit.', 'Augur operates as a decentralized prediction market, leveraging crowd wisdom to forecast event outcomes, rewarding correct predictions and penalizing incorrect reports, ensuring honesty in reporting and canceling out individual frauds. Decentralized prediction market, crowd wisdom, honesty in reporting, rewarding correct predictions, penalizing incorrect reports.', 'Atlance provides a decentralized job platform on ethereum, enabling users to create profiles, apply for jobs, and receive payments with 0% service charge, ensuring no artificial costs or restrictions for freelancers and employers. Decentralized job platform, ethereum-based, 0% service charge, no artificial costs, no restrictions.']}], 'duration': 2436.745, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc2668854.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses the potential implementation of online blockchain voting in upcoming elections, indicating a potential shift in election processes.', 'Involvement of organizations like JP Morgan and IBM in investing resources to build a public blockchain showcases the growing interest and investment in blockchain technology.', 'Detailed demonstration of installing and working with GoEthereum and Go language for blockchain development provides practical implementation and technical guidance.', 'The process of finding the value of nonce involved trying between 1.4 till 15 quadrillion values, illustrating the substantial computational effort required.', 'The collaborative nature of mining in pools and the distribution of incentives among the participants emphasizes the role of miners in the blockchain network.', 'Gas limit is defined as the constraint on resource expenditure during block mining, preventing excessive investment for easier block mining.', 'The transcript provides an explanation of the key components of a Genesis block, offering insights into the fundamental rules and parameters of the blockchain.', 'The chapter covers the process of initializing and mining a blockchain, emphasizing the importance of these steps in the blockchain development process.', 'Decentralization in Traditional Applications highlights the need for decentralization to address privacy concerns and data ownership.', 'Decentralized applications promise to address issues with centralized architecture and utilize smart contracts to define rules and state information for services.', 'Decentralized network transactions involve payment in gas and transaction fees collected by miners, particularly in the Ethereum Network.', 'Decentralized applications offer advantages such as autonomy, trust through encryption, backups on the blockchain, and accuracy in replicating tasks.', 'The technology stack for decentralized app development involves using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, or major frameworks like Angular, React, and Vue.js for the front end, and utilizing Web3 API to connect with smart contracts.', 'BlockVerify uses blockchain to fight counterfeit products, providing a unique identification number for each product stored on a tamper-proof blockchain, offering a global solution for identifying counterfeit goods and providing ease of verification.', 'RippleNet offers a network for global payments that utilizes blockchain technology, enabling frictionless money transfers in any currency with minimal transaction commission, promising reliability and speed in transactions.', 'Storj uses blockchain and peer-to-peer networks for decentralized file storage, addressing issues of privacy, redundancy, and access control in traditional cloud storage solutions, employing encryption, file sharding, and audit for file verification.', 'Augur operates as a decentralized prediction market, leveraging crowd wisdom to forecast event outcomes, rewarding correct predictions and penalizing incorrect reports, ensuring honesty in reporting and canceling out individual frauds.', 'Atlance provides a decentralized job platform on ethereum, enabling users to create profiles, apply for jobs, and receive payments with 0% service charge, ensuring no artificial costs or restrictions for freelancers and employers.']}, {'end': 5902.06, 'segs': [{'end': 5266.164, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5228.261, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5233.284, 'text': 'Apart from that, these blockchain wallets in itself help you instantaneously perform transactions.', 'start': 5228.261, 'duration': 5.023}, {'end': 5239.227, 'text': "Now, once you have the address of the person whom you want to send the bitcoins to, then it's just a matter of copy pasting it,", 'start': 5233.644, 'duration': 5.583}, {'end': 5243.109, 'text': 'specifying the amount of bitcoins you want to send and then just clicking on send.', 'start': 5239.227, 'duration': 3.882}, {'end': 5246.471, 'text': 'And the transaction in itself is quite instantaneous as such.', 'start': 5243.409, 'duration': 3.062}, {'end': 5249.633, 'text': 'Finally comes the concept of transaction.', 'start': 5247.291, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 5253.735, 'text': "Now, always it's important that you keep a track of all the transactions that you do.", 'start': 5249.673, 'duration': 4.062}, {'end': 5258.978, 'text': 'Now, once you have linked all your blockchain accounts to a single blockchain wallet in itself,', 'start': 5254.175, 'duration': 4.803}, {'end': 5262.78, 'text': 'it becomes quite easy for you to keep track of all the transactions that you have performed.', 'start': 5258.978, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 5266.164, 'text': 'Now take an example of online wallet like blockchain info.', 'start': 5263.18, 'duration': 2.984}], 'summary': 'Blockchain wallets enable instantaneous transactions, simplifying tracking and management.', 'duration': 37.903, 'max_score': 5228.261, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc5228261.jpg'}, {'end': 5338.006, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5310.039, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 5315.325, 'text': "Now again, how it is different is that instead of actually sending currency, here you're sending Bitcoins.", 'start': 5310.039, 'duration': 5.286}, {'end': 5318.448, 'text': 'But the value of Bitcoins is something that is not constant.', 'start': 5315.785, 'duration': 2.663}, {'end': 5322.412, 'text': 'It keeps changing with respect to the current value of Bitcoins as such.', 'start': 5318.548, 'duration': 3.864}, {'end': 5326.096, 'text': 'Now more people invest into Bitcoins, more will the value of Bitcoins increase.', 'start': 5322.672, 'duration': 3.424}, {'end': 5328.719, 'text': 'More people pull out from it, more will the value reduce as such.', 'start': 5326.176, 'duration': 2.543}, {'end': 5333.443, 'text': 'Now this is one of the major contributing factor that decides the value of Bitcoin as such.', 'start': 5329.079, 'duration': 4.364}, {'end': 5338.006, 'text': "Because the Bitcoin and blockchain system is something that's completely built on no trust model.", 'start': 5333.723, 'duration': 4.283}], 'summary': "Bitcoin's value fluctuates based on investments and withdrawals, determining its worth.", 'duration': 27.967, 'max_score': 5310.039, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc5310039.jpg'}], 'start': 5106.079, 'title': 'Blockchain wallets and types', 'summary': 'Covers the need for blockchain wallets, their features, and types, emphasizing security, instantaneous transactions, and the ability to convert and access bitcoins. it also discusses the 650% growth of bitcoin in the past year. additionally, it compares security and accessibility of hot and cold wallets and various types of wallets. it further compares popular wallets including bitcoin core, tenzor, blockchain info, electrum, and mycelium based on security, user base, transaction fees, and features.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5575.222, 'start': 5106.079, 'title': 'Blockchain wallet overview', 'summary': 'Discusses the need for a blockchain wallet, its features, and types, emphasizing its security, instantaneous transactions, and the ability to convert and access bitcoins on multiple platforms. it also highlights the 650% growth of bitcoin in the past year.', 'duration': 469.143, 'highlights': ['Security features of blockchain wallets Blockchain wallets offer multiple layers of security and various security techniques, making transactions secure, with transactions being irreversible if sent to the wrong address.', 'Instantaneous transaction feature Blockchain wallets enable instantaneous transactions, available 24/7, eliminating delays and the need for banking hours, unlike traditional bank transactions.', 'Ability to convert and access bitcoins on multiple platforms Blockchain wallets allow users to convert bitcoins into different cryptocurrencies and any desired currency, offering accessibility on various platforms such as paper, hardware devices, and phones.', '650% growth of Bitcoin in the past year Bitcoin has grown over 650% in the past year, driven by the increasing number of people investing in the system, contributing to its significant growth.']}, {'end': 5902.06, 'start': 5575.502, 'title': 'Comparison of wallet types and popular wallets', 'summary': 'Discusses the comparison of security and accessibility between hot and cold wallets, as well as the various types of wallets such as online web, mobile, desktop, and physical, and further compares popular wallets including bitcoin core, tenzor, blockchain info, electrum, and mycelium based on security, user base, transaction fees, and features.', 'duration': 326.558, 'highlights': ['Bitcoin Core wallet downloads the entire blockchain, occupying around 130 GB, offering high security, privacy, and stability. Bitcoin Core wallet provides a high level of security by downloading the entire blockchain, making it one of the most secure and stable wallets in the market.', 'Tenzor hardware wallet offers high security with a display and two keys, but is less convenient for immediate transactions. Tenzor hardware wallet provides high security with additional features but is less convenient for quick transactions.', 'Blockchain Info wallet has approximately 8 million users, supports Bitcoin and Ethereum, and offers low transaction fees, e.g., 4 rupees for non-peak hour transactions. Blockchain Info wallet boasts a large user base, supports multiple cryptocurrencies, and offers low transaction fees, making it a popular choice for online wallet users.', 'Electrum desktop wallet is known for its security, speed, simplicity, and features but has slightly higher transaction fees compared to other desktop wallets. Electrum desktop wallet stands out for its security, speed, and simplicity, albeit with slightly higher transaction fees compared to other similar wallets.', "Mycelium mobile wallet provides complete access to private keys on the user's device, offering high security and control over key migration. Mycelium mobile wallet ensures high security by providing complete access to private keys on the user's device and control over key migration."]}], 'duration': 795.981, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc5106079.jpg', 'highlights': ['Bitcoin has grown over 650% in the past year, driven by the increasing number of people investing in the system, contributing to its significant growth.', 'Blockchain wallets offer multiple layers of security and various security techniques, making transactions secure, with transactions being irreversible if sent to the wrong address.', 'Blockchain wallets enable instantaneous transactions, available 24/7, eliminating delays and the need for banking hours, unlike traditional bank transactions.', 'Blockchain wallets allow users to convert bitcoins into different cryptocurrencies and any desired currency, offering accessibility on various platforms such as paper, hardware devices, and phones.', 'Bitcoin Core wallet downloads the entire blockchain, occupying around 130 GB, offering high security, privacy, and stability.', 'Blockchain Info wallet boasts a large user base, supports multiple cryptocurrencies, and offers low transaction fees, making it a popular choice for online wallet users.', 'Tenzor hardware wallet provides high security with additional features but is less convenient for quick transactions.', 'Electrum desktop wallet stands out for its security, speed, and simplicity, albeit with slightly higher transaction fees compared to other similar wallets.', "Mycelium mobile wallet ensures high security by providing complete access to private keys on the user's device and control over key migration."]}, {'end': 7403.711, 'segs': [{'end': 6246.193, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6219.003, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6223.064, 'text': 'In the Ethereum blockchain, a new block is formed in every 15 seconds.', 'start': 6219.003, 'duration': 4.061}, {'end': 6224.285, 'text': 'This is quite faster.', 'start': 6223.365, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 6229.918, 'text': "Now since we're talking about Ethereum, we have to discuss about the types of Ethereum accounts.", 'start': 6225.214, 'duration': 4.704}, {'end': 6233.441, 'text': 'As we can see here, there are two types of Ethereum accounts.', 'start': 6230.599, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 6240.908, 'text': 'The externally owned accounts that are owned by people or organizations and the contract accounts which are autonomous in nature.', 'start': 6233.962, 'duration': 6.946}, {'end': 6246.193, 'text': 'Now these externally owned accounts are controlled by private keys which are owned by individuals.', 'start': 6241.388, 'duration': 4.805}], 'summary': 'Ethereum blockchain forms a new block every 15 seconds, with two types of accounts: externally owned and contract accounts.', 'duration': 27.19, 'max_score': 6219.003, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc6219003.jpg'}, {'end': 6399.593, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6372.603, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6377.885, 'text': 'So if you were to use C language or Serpent, for example, to write a smart contract,', 'start': 6372.603, 'duration': 5.282}, {'end': 6381.967, 'text': 'then you may end up with a very expensive contract and not even know why.', 'start': 6377.885, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 6388.449, 'text': 'If you guys want to create your own smart contract then you can do that by using the Remix IDE.', 'start': 6382.667, 'duration': 5.782}, {'end': 6396.792, 'text': "Now this is a browser-based IDE and it's widely used for developing the smart contracts since it has an integrated debugging and testing environment.", 'start': 6388.849, 'duration': 7.943}, {'end': 6399.593, 'text': "Now here's what a Remix IDE looks like.", 'start': 6397.452, 'duration': 2.141}], 'summary': 'Using c language or serpent for smart contracts may result in high costs. create smart contracts using remix ide, a widely used browser-based ide with integrated debugging and testing environment.', 'duration': 26.99, 'max_score': 6372.603, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc6372603.jpg'}, {'end': 6803.673, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6776.047, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 6784.934, 'text': "So we'll type the installation command sudo apt-get install curl now curl is a tool that is used to transfer data from the server.", 'start': 6776.047, 'duration': 8.887}, {'end': 6795.168, 'text': "Now we have installed curl so we'll just pull the entire node package from curl and for that we'll use the following link.", 'start': 6788.064, 'duration': 7.104}, {'end': 6803.673, 'text': 'Now note that the six point X here denotes the version of the node.js that is six that we want to install.', 'start': 6796.949, 'duration': 6.724}], 'summary': 'Installed curl tool using sudo apt-get and pulled node.js version 6 package.', 'duration': 27.626, 'max_score': 6776.047, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc6776047.jpg'}], 'start': 5902.6, 'title': 'Understanding ethereum and smart contracts', 'summary': "Explains ethereum concepts, differences from bitcoin, uses of smart contracts, emphasizing ethereum's potential for blockchain applications. it also covers ethereum accounts, smart contract functionality, differences from bitcoin in scripting language, consensus algorithms, coin release method, and block creation time.", 'chapters': [{'end': 6322.579, 'start': 5902.6, 'title': 'Understanding ethereum and smart contracts', 'summary': "Explains the concept of ethereum, its differences from bitcoin, and the uses of smart contracts, emphasizing ethereum's potential for blockchain applications. it also covers the types of ethereum accounts, the functionality of smart contracts, and the differences between ethereum and bitcoin in terms of scripting language, consensus algorithms, coin release method, and block creation time.", 'duration': 419.979, 'highlights': ['Ethereum is an open-source, distributed platform that allows decentralized apps to be built on it with the help of smart contract functionality. Ethereum enables the development of decentralized applications using smart contracts, expanding beyond the concept of cryptocurrencies.', "Ethereum differs from Bitcoin in terms of scripting language, consensus algorithms, coin release method, and block creation time. Ethereum's Turing complete scripting language, ithash consensus algorithm, initial coin offerings for coin release, and 15-second block creation time distinguish it from Bitcoin.", 'Smart contracts are immutable pieces of code that run on the Ethereum network to perform a certain transaction or task. Smart contracts on the Ethereum network are immutable and automatically execute specific tasks when predetermined conditions are met.', 'There are two types of Ethereum accounts: externally owned accounts controlled by private keys and contract accounts triggered by transactions or messages. Ethereum has externally owned accounts controlled by private keys and contract accounts that operate on codes written in smart contracts.', "Bitcoin's core idea was to bring decentralized digital money, while Ethereum extends beyond cryptocurrencies, referred to as the second generation of blockchain. Bitcoin focused on decentralized digital money, while Ethereum, as the second generation of blockchain, expands its applications beyond cryptocurrencies."]}, {'end': 6643.532, 'start': 6323.259, 'title': 'Smart contracts on ethereum', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of solidity as a contract-specific language for writing smart contracts on ethereum, the role of the remix ide in developing smart contracts, the functioning of the ethereum virtual machine (evm), the concept of ethereum gas, and the use of testnets for developing and testing smart contracts.', 'duration': 320.273, 'highlights': ['Solidity as a Contract-Specific Language Solidity was developed due to security requirements and cost considerations, as using mainstream languages on a public blockchain would lead to expensive contracts with limited bug-fixing opportunities.', 'Remix IDE for Smart Contract Development The Remix IDE, with its integrated debugging and testing environment, is widely used for developing smart contracts. It allows for the easy creation and compilation of smart contract codes.', 'Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) The EVM is a Turing complete software enabling anyone to run a program on the Ethereum network. It facilitates the execution and verification of transactions by nodes, rewarding miners with ethers for successful block mining.', 'Ethereum Gas and Gas Limit Gas is the execution fee paid for running a program on the EVM, with every contract specifying a gas limit. Crossing the gas limit results in the loss of execution rewards and ethers, emphasizing the importance of keeping programs within gas limits.', 'Testnets for Smart Contract Development Testnets simulate the Ethereum network, providing free and unlimited gas for developers to experiment with and test contracts without incurring real money for execution, ensuring readiness before deployment on the blockchain.']}, {'end': 6992.8, 'start': 6644.466, 'title': 'Setting up ethereum development environment', 'summary': 'Details the process of setting up a development environment on ubuntu linux for deploying and testing smart contracts on ethereum, including installing node.js and npm, upgrading node packages, and setting up and running test rpc for contract deployment.', 'duration': 348.334, 'highlights': ['To set up a development environment for deploying and testing smart contracts on Ethereum, the process involves installing node.js and npm, upgrading node packages, and setting up and running test RPC for contract deployment.', "The installation of node.js involves using the command 'sudo apt-get install node.js' and confirming the installation, with the installed version being 6.13.", "The process includes upgrading NPM to the latest version using the command 'sudo npm upgrade npm -g', resulting in the NPM version 5.7.", "Setting up and running test RPC for contract deployment involves installing ganache CLI using the command 'sudo npm install -g ganache CLI' and then installing ethereumjs testrpc using the command 'sudo npm install -g ethereumjs testrpc'.", 'After running the test RPC, it is shown to be running and listening on localhost 8545, providing available accounts and private keys for contract deployment.']}, {'end': 7183.628, 'start': 6993.7, 'title': 'Setting up ethereum block explorer', 'summary': 'Covers the installation process for setting up an ethereum block explorer, including installing git, cloning the repository, launching the block explorer, and accessing the explorer in a web browser.', 'duration': 189.928, 'highlights': ['The process begins with the installation of git, a distributed version control system, to hold the repository of the block explorer. Installation of git, a distributed version control system', "Cloning the repository from the cloud to the local machine using the command 'git clone HTTPS github.com/etherparty/Explorer'. Cloning the repository from the cloud to the local machine", "Launching the block explorer using the command 'sudo npm start' and waiting for the installation of all the packages on the system. Launching the block explorer and installing packages", "Accessing the ether block explorer page via a web browser by typing 'localhost:8000' in the browser tab. Accessing the ether block explorer page via a web browser", 'Setting up a demo smart contract to deploy on the ethereum test blockchain using the remix IDE and specifying the environment as web3 provider. Setting up a demo smart contract using the remix IDE and specifying the environment as web3 provider']}, {'end': 7403.711, 'start': 7184.749, 'title': 'Creating smart contracts with solidity', 'summary': 'Discusses creating a smart contract using solidity, including defining state variables, writing functions to modify the state, and specifying access modifiers, such as public, in the functions, all illustrated with a specific example.', 'duration': 218.962, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses creating a smart contract using Solidity It covers the process of creating a smart contract using Solidity, a programming language for writing smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain.', "Defining state variables and writing functions to modify the state It explains the process of defining a state variable 'counter' and writing functions 'add' and 'subtract' to modify its value, with 'counter' being an unsigned integer of 256 bits and the functions incrementing and decrementing the value of 'counter' by one.", "Specifying access modifiers, such as public, in the functions It emphasizes the importance of specifying access modifiers, such as 'public', in the functions, and explains that it is a good practice to explicitly state the function's visibility, with 'public' being the default modifier when no visibility is specified."]}], 'duration': 1501.111, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc5902600.jpg', 'highlights': ['Ethereum enables decentralized app development with smart contracts, expanding beyond cryptocurrencies.', "Ethereum's Turing complete scripting language, ithash consensus algorithm, ICOs, and 15-second block creation time distinguish it from Bitcoin.", 'Smart contracts on Ethereum are immutable and automatically execute specific tasks when predetermined conditions are met.', 'Ethereum has externally owned accounts controlled by private keys and contract accounts operating on smart contract codes.', 'Ethereum extends beyond cryptocurrencies, referred to as the second generation of blockchain, expanding its applications.', 'Solidity was developed due to security requirements and cost considerations for efficient smart contract development.', 'Remix IDE is widely used for developing smart contracts, allowing easy creation and compilation of smart contract codes.', 'Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) facilitates execution and verification of transactions, rewarding miners with ethers for successful block mining.', 'Gas is the execution fee paid for running a program on the EVM, with every contract specifying a gas limit.', 'Testnets simulate the Ethereum network, providing free and unlimited gas for developers to experiment and test contracts.', 'Setting up a development environment for deploying and testing smart contracts on Ethereum involves installing node.js and npm.', 'The process includes upgrading NPM to the latest version and setting up and running test RPC for contract deployment.', 'The installation of git is required to hold the repository of the block explorer for Ethereum.', "Cloning the repository from the cloud to the local machine using the command 'git clone HTTPS github.com/etherparty/Explorer'.", "Launching the block explorer using the command 'sudo npm start' and accessing the ether block explorer page via a web browser.", 'Creating a smart contract using Solidity, defining state variables, writing functions to modify the state, and specifying access modifiers in the functions.']}, {'end': 8410.861, 'segs': [{'end': 7557.741, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7516.04, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7522.315, 'text': 'it has tokens fueling for itself, It generates tokens and has an inbuilt consensus mechanism.', 'start': 7516.04, 'duration': 6.275}, {'end': 7527.698, 'text': 'Now. these dApps enable direct interaction between the users and the providers,', 'start': 7522.855, 'duration': 4.843}, {'end': 7532.541, 'text': 'and they comprised of various organizations that work together to create an application.', 'start': 7527.698, 'duration': 4.843}, {'end': 7538.824, 'text': 'Now these organizations are basically the decentralized autonomous organizations or the DAOs.', 'start': 7533.321, 'duration': 5.503}, {'end': 7542.509, 'text': 'Now guys a DAO is very similar to a normal company.', 'start': 7539.787, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 7549.675, 'text': 'Now the only difference is that in a normal company there is a third party of course and the rules are not enforced digitally.', 'start': 7542.91, 'duration': 6.765}, {'end': 7557.741, 'text': 'But the DAOs have their business decisions made electronically through the codes written in the smart contracts or through the vote of their members.', 'start': 7550.415, 'duration': 7.326}], 'summary': 'Decentralized applications use daos for digital business decisions and interactions between users and providers.', 'duration': 41.701, 'max_score': 7516.04, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc7516040.jpg'}, {'end': 7818.006, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7790.151, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 7793.854, 'text': 'Ethereum is a world computer for developing decentralized application.', 'start': 7790.151, 'duration': 3.703}, {'end': 7798.057, 'text': 'just like bitcoins, all the parameters applies for a theorem to, but on top of that,', 'start': 7793.854, 'duration': 4.203}, {'end': 7802.34, 'text': 'ethereum also has a smart contract making the currency aspect as just one application.', 'start': 7798.057, 'duration': 4.283}, {'end': 7807.941, 'text': 'because ethereum can run programs like any ordinary computer at a global scale, right?', 'start': 7803.098, 'duration': 4.843}, {'end': 7811.242, 'text': 'So, just like Bitcoin, it has a software which you can download.', 'start': 7808.181, 'duration': 3.061}, {'end': 7815.324, 'text': 'the software does all the usual verification regarding ethereum, but on top of it.', 'start': 7811.242, 'duration': 4.082}, {'end': 7818.006, 'text': 'It also verifies the code wherever applicable fine.', 'start': 7815.444, 'duration': 2.562}], 'summary': 'Ethereum is a decentralized world computer with smart contracts, running global programs like an ordinary computer.', 'duration': 27.855, 'max_score': 7790.151, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc7790151.jpg'}, {'end': 8119.159, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8091.507, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 8094.248, 'text': 'which is 225 transaction per block approximately.', 'start': 8091.507, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 8100.094, 'text': "Don't you think that's way too much of a difference because both of these platforms follows almost the same technology.", 'start': 8094.848, 'duration': 5.246}, {'end': 8107.422, 'text': 'If you noticed I said that technology is just similar where it differs is a way they have implemented consensus algorithm fine.', 'start': 8100.575, 'duration': 6.847}, {'end': 8109.071, 'text': 'Talking about consensus.', 'start': 8108.01, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 8112.654, 'text': 'You see the bitcoins proof-of-work algorithm has some limitation.', 'start': 8109.331, 'duration': 3.323}, {'end': 8119.159, 'text': 'The network is vast and growing and hence a transaction takes considerable amount of time to propagate in a network,', 'start': 8113.034, 'duration': 6.125}], 'summary': 'Bitcoin processes 225 transactions per block, faces propagation delays due to its proof-of-work algorithm.', 'duration': 27.652, 'max_score': 8091.507, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc8091507.jpg'}], 'start': 7406.012, 'title': 'Cryptocurrency and smart contracts', 'summary': "Explores creating smart contracts on the remix ide, testing the contract, and explains dapps and daos in ethereum. it also compares bitcoin and ethereum in terms of cryptocurrency, accounts, and smart contract functionality, highlighting ethereum's potential for various applications and its lead in transaction throughput and efficiency gains in the proof-of-work algorithm.", 'chapters': [{'end': 7650.479, 'start': 7406.012, 'title': 'Creating smart contracts and dapps', 'summary': 'Introduces the creation of smart contracts on the remix ide, testing the contract by executing functions, and explains the concept of dapps and daos in ethereum, highlighting the key role of smart contracts and giving examples of disruptive dapps and daos in the market.', 'duration': 244.467, 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces the creation of smart contracts on the Remix IDE The transcript begins with the creation of smart contracts on the Remix IDE, emphasizing the importance of specifying the type of the state variable and explains gas usage during function calls.', 'Examples of disruptive dApps and DAOs in the market The transcript provides examples of disruptive dApps and DAOs in the market, such as WiFund, 4G Capital, Storja.io, and the KYC chain, highlighting their functionalities and the impact on crowdfunding, microloans, secure cloud storage, and private identity wallet authentication in Finance and Commerce settings.', 'Testing the contract by executing functions The process of testing the contract is explained, demonstrating the execution of functions to manipulate the value of the counter variable and the successful deployment of the contract on the Ethereum test blockchain.']}, {'end': 8032.76, 'start': 7650.879, 'title': 'Bitcoin vs ethereum comparison', 'summary': "Compares bitcoin and ethereum on the basis of cryptocurrency, accounts, and smart contract functionality, highlighting the differences in purpose, usage, and programming capability, showcasing ethereum's potential for various applications.", 'duration': 381.881, 'highlights': ['Ethereum serves two main purposes: a cryptocurrency used to run the state machine and fuel for smart contracts, making it expensive to use, whereas Ether is also traded on exchanges. Ethereum serves two main purposes. Firstly, it is a cryptocurrency used to run the state machine, with Ether being the fuel for every computational step. Secondly, Ether is also traded on exchanges like any other cryptocurrencies.', 'Ethereum has distinct account types including externally owned accounts and contract accounts, essential for users to interact with the Ethereum blockchain, while Bitcoin maintains the state of unspent transaction outputs. Ethereum maintains distinct account types, including externally owned accounts and contract accounts, essential for users to interact with the Ethereum blockchain. In contrast, Bitcoin maintains the state of unspent transaction outputs.', "Ethereum's smart contract functionality surpasses Bitcoin's limited scripting language with a full general-purpose language, enabling the execution of pre-written logic on a blockchain to facilitate various applications. Ethereum's smart contract functionality surpasses Bitcoin's limited scripting language with a full general-purpose language, enabling the execution of pre-written logic on a blockchain to facilitate various applications."]}, {'end': 8410.861, 'start': 8033.361, 'title': 'Comparison: bitcoin vs ethereum', 'summary': "Compares the transaction attributes of bitcoin and ethereum, highlighting ethereum's lead in transaction throughput and efficiency gains in proof-of-work algorithm, while also discussing the differences in mining and the increasing demand and high salaries of ethereum developers.", 'duration': 377.5, 'highlights': ["Ethereum's transaction throughput is almost five times higher than Bitcoin, with around 15 transactions per second compared to Bitcoin's three transactions per second. Ethereum takes a huge lead in transaction processing speed with approximately 15 transactions per second, compared to Bitcoin's three transactions per second.", "Ethereum's proof-of-work algorithm efficiency gains are achieved through the adoption of the ghost protocol, which improves network security and mitigates centralization. Ethereum's adoption of the ghost protocol brings efficiency gains to the proof-of-work algorithm, improving network security and addressing centralization.", 'The demand for Ethereum developers has increased significantly, leading to high salaries with an average annual wage of around $158,000 in high tech regions of the US. The demand for Ethereum developers has driven up salaries, with an average annual wage of around $158,000 in high tech regions of the US.']}], 'duration': 1004.849, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc7406012.jpg', 'highlights': ["Ethereum's transaction throughput is almost five times higher than Bitcoin, with around 15 transactions per second compared to Bitcoin's three transactions per second.", "Ethereum's smart contract functionality surpasses Bitcoin's limited scripting language with a full general-purpose language, enabling the execution of pre-written logic on a blockchain to facilitate various applications.", 'The demand for Ethereum developers has increased significantly, leading to high salaries with an average annual wage of around $158,000 in high tech regions of the US.', "Ethereum's adoption of the ghost protocol brings efficiency gains to the proof-of-work algorithm, improving network security and addressing centralization.", 'The chapter introduces the creation of smart contracts on the Remix IDE, emphasizing the importance of specifying the type of the state variable and explains gas usage during function calls.']}, {'end': 9975.826, 'segs': [{'end': 8456.098, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8428.097, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 8431.78, 'text': 'Recently, while developing a decentralized application using Web3.js,', 'start': 8428.097, 'duration': 3.683}, {'end': 8438.047, 'text': 'I got a message in the Chrome console saying that Web3 will be deprecated in the new future in the favor of Ethereum provider.', 'start': 8431.78, 'duration': 6.267}, {'end': 8442.331, 'text': 'So it is necessary to keep yourself updated with the technology and the related tools.', 'start': 8438.367, 'duration': 3.964}, {'end': 8447.073, 'text': 'So first things first, to develop any application, we need a programming language.', 'start': 8443.01, 'duration': 4.063}, {'end': 8452.276, 'text': 'Similarly, to develop a decentralized application, we need to first create a smart contract.', 'start': 8447.553, 'duration': 4.723}, {'end': 8456.098, 'text': 'Ethereum gives you multiple options for writing and deploying smart contracts.', 'start': 8452.736, 'duration': 3.362}], 'summary': 'Web3.js will be deprecated in favor of ethereum provider, emphasizing the need to stay updated with technology and tools.', 'duration': 28.001, 'max_score': 8428.097, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc8428097.jpg'}, {'end': 9165.997, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9139.738, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 9146.662, 'text': 'but there are application programming interfaces these days that allow developers to develop their smart contract in languages they are familiar with,', 'start': 9139.738, 'duration': 6.924}, {'end': 9148.663, 'text': 'for example, Python and JavaScript.', 'start': 9146.662, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 9152.613, 'text': 'Smart contracts come with their advantages and disadvantages.', 'start': 9149.312, 'duration': 3.301}, {'end': 9154.494, 'text': "Let's discuss their advantages first.", 'start': 9152.913, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 9161.336, 'text': 'First of all, smart contracts assure complete safety and security as data in a decentralized registry cannot be lost or hacked.', 'start': 9155.074, 'duration': 6.262}, {'end': 9165.997, 'text': 'Secondly, they remove third parties and hence assure agent neutrality in signing of deals.', 'start': 9161.956, 'duration': 4.041}], 'summary': 'Smart contracts in python and javascript assure safety, security, and neutrality.', 'duration': 26.259, 'max_score': 9139.738, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc9139738.jpg'}, {'end': 9282.485, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9251.064, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 9252.045, 'text': "Let's go through a few of them.", 'start': 9251.064, 'duration': 0.981}, {'end': 9256.788, 'text': 'Gambling, for one, has been made secure and lightning fast with the use of smart contracts.', 'start': 9252.505, 'duration': 4.283}, {'end': 9261.611, 'text': 'Voting smart contracts exist that make the process completely transparent and corruption free.', 'start': 9257.469, 'duration': 4.142}, {'end': 9268.796, 'text': 'Smart contracts are also being used to speed up processes involving deal signing, for example, financial agreements and insurance policies.', 'start': 9262.212, 'duration': 6.584}, {'end': 9277.162, 'text': 'Other than that, smart contracts are also being used to automate entire organizations, where things like payment distribution, incentive handling,', 'start': 9269.497, 'duration': 7.665}, {'end': 9278.243, 'text': 'are completely automated.', 'start': 9277.162, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 9282.485, 'text': 'These organizations are commonly known as decentralized automated organizations.', 'start': 9278.623, 'duration': 3.862}], 'summary': 'Smart contracts improve speed and security in gambling, voting, deal signing, and organization automation.', 'duration': 31.421, 'max_score': 9251.064, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc9251064.jpg'}], 'start': 8410.861, 'title': 'Ethereum development tools and smart contracts', 'summary': 'Covers essential tools and technologies for ethereum development, including smart contract development, code editors, compilers, and security tools. it also delves into the ethereum ecosystem, smart contracts, and their applications in gambling, voting, and organizational automation, as well as providing a tutorial for developing a simple smart contract using solidity, remix browser, and web3.js framework.', 'chapters': [{'end': 8609.38, 'start': 8410.861, 'title': 'Tools and technologies for ethereum development', 'summary': 'Discusses the essential tools and technologies for ethereum development, emphasizing the importance of staying updated, tools for smart contract development, code editors, compilers, and security tools like solium, emphasizing the need for familiarity and integration with these tools to ensure efficient and secure development.', 'duration': 198.519, 'highlights': ['Pragma and Remix are essential tools for writing, deploying, and interacting with smart contracts in Ethereum, catering to developers at different experience levels.', 'Code editors like Visual Studio Code and Atom are valuable for writing and editing Solidity code, offering compatibility with various operating systems like Mac OS, Linux, and Windows.', "The SOLC compiler is crucial for translating smart contract language to Solidity Ethereum's bytecode, enabling the generation of bytecode and application binary interface for deployment on the Ethereum blockchain.", 'Solium serves as a tool for identifying and fixing style and security issues in Ethereum smart contracts, offering flexibility in checks application, integration with CI systems like Travis and Jenkins, and the ability to extend functionality through plugins or community-maintained ones.']}, {'end': 9088.357, 'start': 8609.9, 'title': 'Ethereum development tools and ecosystem', 'summary': 'Discusses the essential tools for ethereum development including parity, metamask, myetherwallet, truffle, embark, dapp, infura, and dappboard, as well as the concept of smart contracts and their use cases, while also exploring the ethereum ecosystem and its components.', 'duration': 478.457, 'highlights': ["Parity is the fastest and most secure way of interacting with Ethereum's blockchain, providing a lightweight way to run an Ethereum node, and is considered a big upgrade from Geth. Parity, formed by Dr. Gavin Wood, the former CTO of Ethereum, is fast, lightweight, and considered a big upgrade from Geth, providing a secure way to interact with Ethereum's blockchain.", 'MetaMask is a Chrome extension that significantly improves interaction with decentralized applications, allowing users to run Ethereum decentralized applications in their browser without running a full Ethereum node. MetaMask, a Chrome extension, greatly improves interaction with decentralized applications, enabling the running of Ethereum decentralized applications in the browser without a full Ethereum node.', 'MyEtherWallet is a free open source client-side interface for generating Ethereum wallets and interacting securely with the Ethereum blockchain. MyEtherWallet is a free open source client-side interface for generating Ethereum wallets and interacting securely with the Ethereum blockchain.', 'Truffle is a development environment, testing framework, and asset pipeline for Ethereum, providing the building blocks to quickly create, compile, deploy, and test blockchain apps. Truffle is a development environment, testing framework, and asset pipeline for Ethereum, facilitating the quick creation, compilation, deployment, and testing of blockchain apps.', 'Embark is a popular framework for building, testing, and deploying apps, allowing automatic deployment of contracts and access through JavaScript promises, and monitoring and redeploying contracts when updated. Embark is a popular framework for building, testing, and deploying apps, facilitating automatic deployment of contracts, access through JavaScript promises, and monitoring and redeploying contracts when updated.']}, {'end': 9288.69, 'start': 9088.857, 'title': 'Understanding smart contracts and their applications', 'summary': 'Explores the key properties, advantages, and disadvantages of smart contracts, as well as tools available for building them, and their diverse applications including in gambling, voting, and organizational automation.', 'duration': 199.833, 'highlights': ['Smart contracts assure complete safety and security as data in a decentralized registry cannot be lost or hacked. Smart contracts provide complete safety and security, ensuring data in a decentralized registry cannot be lost or hacked.', 'Smart contracts remove third parties, assuring agent neutrality in signing of deals. Smart contracts eliminate third parties, ensuring agent neutrality in deal signings.', 'Smart contracts automate processes with precision, saving time and minimizing chances of human error. Smart contracts automate processes with precision, saving time and minimizing chances of human error.', 'Smart contracts are used in diverse applications such as gambling, voting, deal signing, and organizational automation. Smart contracts are applied in diverse areas including gambling, voting, deal signing, and organizational automation.']}, {'end': 9975.826, 'start': 9289.25, 'title': 'Smart contract development tutorial', 'summary': 'Covers the development of a simple smart contract using solidity, remix browser, and web3.js framework, including setting up a test network using testrpc and creating a front-end interface, emphasizing the deployment and testing of smart contracts on a test network.', 'duration': 686.576, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the development of a simple smart contract using Solidity, Remix browser, and Web3.js framework, including setting up a test network using TestRPC and creating a front-end interface, emphasizing the deployment and testing of smart contracts on a test network.', 'The tutorial provides step-by-step guidance on creating a smart contract, defining variables and functions such as setName and getName, and compiling the contract using the Remix browser.', 'Instructions are provided for setting up a test network using TestRPC, including the installation process and starting the test network, which provides 10 accounts with corresponding public and private keys.', 'The process of creating a front-end interface for the smart contract is detailed, including instructions for initializing a project, installing the Web3.js framework, and creating an HTML file with script for interacting with the smart contract.']}], 'duration': 1564.965, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc8410861.jpg', 'highlights': ['Smart contracts automate processes with precision, saving time and minimizing chances of human error.', 'Smart contracts are applied in diverse areas including gambling, voting, deal signing, and organizational automation.', "The SOLC compiler is crucial for translating smart contract language to Solidity Ethereum's bytecode, enabling the generation of bytecode and application binary interface for deployment on the Ethereum blockchain.", 'Truffle is a development environment, testing framework, and asset pipeline for Ethereum, facilitating the quick creation, compilation, deployment, and testing of blockchain apps.', 'MetaMask, a Chrome extension, greatly improves interaction with decentralized applications, enabling the running of Ethereum decentralized applications in the browser without a full Ethereum node.', 'The chapter covers the development of a simple smart contract using Solidity, Remix browser, and Web3.js framework, including setting up a test network using TestRPC and creating a front-end interface, emphasizing the deployment and testing of smart contracts on a test network.']}, {'end': 12257.127, 'segs': [{'end': 10302.917, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10280.405, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 10288.33, 'text': 'On a macro level, decentralized application is built using three major components, namely the Ethereum network, smart contracts and the web front end.', 'start': 10280.405, 'duration': 7.925}, {'end': 10296.115, 'text': "So, basically, a smart contract is written in Solidity or any other equivalent language, which can be compiled to Ethereum's bytecode,", 'start': 10289.053, 'duration': 7.062}, {'end': 10297.436, 'text': 'which is called EVM bytecode.', 'start': 10296.115, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 10302.917, 'text': 'Such a smart contract is what allows a decentralized application to connect to a blockchain.', 'start': 10298.256, 'duration': 4.661}], 'summary': 'Decentralized applications use ethereum network, smart contracts, and web front end. smart contracts are written in solidity and connect to a blockchain.', 'duration': 22.512, 'max_score': 10280.405, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc10280405.jpg'}, {'end': 11007.716, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10953.553, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 10958.179, 'text': 'Also, proponents argue issues such as who is the legal owner of a property can be remedied.', 'start': 10953.553, 'duration': 4.626}, {'end': 10961.256, 'text': 'Basically, blockchain is not going to replace government.', 'start': 10958.695, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 10968.28, 'text': 'Concerning how land is registered and monitored, it will make governance of land registration the simplest and most corruption resistant possible.', 'start': 10961.677, 'duration': 6.603}, {'end': 10974.584, 'text': 'Most importantly, this will reduce frauds and ensure that properties cannot be sold more than once over the same entity.', 'start': 10968.741, 'duration': 5.843}, {'end': 10982.408, 'text': 'There is good reason to think that the blockchain technology could serve as the basis for a more reliable, cheaper and more efficient land registry.', 'start': 10975.324, 'duration': 7.084}, {'end': 10988.956, 'text': 'In my opinion, one popular blockchain use case that has remained generally outside scrutiny has been land title projects.', 'start': 10982.95, 'duration': 6.006}, {'end': 10994.722, 'text': "It's going to flourish in the coming years when industrialists seem to realize the true potential of blockchain technology.", 'start': 10989.417, 'duration': 5.305}, {'end': 10996.384, 'text': "I hope you'll agree with me out here.", 'start': 10995.243, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 11001.813, 'text': 'Okay, so without further delay, let me show you guys how a property transfer can be used in a decentralized way.', 'start': 10997.091, 'duration': 4.722}, {'end': 11007.716, 'text': 'Basically, we are going to code a smart contract which is capable of handling the logic for property transfer.', 'start': 11002.294, 'duration': 5.422}], 'summary': 'Blockchain can simplify land registration, reduce fraud, and ensure single entity property ownership, potentially serving as a more reliable and efficient land registry system.', 'duration': 54.163, 'max_score': 10953.553, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc10953553.jpg'}, {'end': 11251.556, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11111.817, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 11117.359, 'text': "So I'm going to write my code bit by bit and explain once I'm done writing a bit and that's how we're going to go about it.", 'start': 11111.817, 'duration': 5.542}, {'end': 11119.213, 'text': "Okay, so let's get started.", 'start': 11118.052, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 11125.357, 'text': "So first of all, we'll have to open Remix on Chrome and that's where we're going to write our code.", 'start': 11119.693, 'duration': 5.664}, {'end': 11128.119, 'text': "So let's set that up.", 'start': 11126.218, 'duration': 1.901}, {'end': 11135.865, 'text': "Yeah, so I'm going to write my code a little bit by little bit and then once I'm done with a good chunk of it, I'm going to explain what I've done.", 'start': 11129.1, 'duration': 6.765}, {'end': 11137.466, 'text': "So let's get going.", 'start': 11136.625, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 11239.065, 'text': 'so okay.', 'start': 11238.044, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 11241.287, 'text': "so let me just explain what i've done till now.", 'start': 11239.065, 'duration': 2.222}, {'end': 11246.492, 'text': "we've created an address of the da, which stands for development authority,", 'start': 11241.287, 'duration': 5.205}, {'end': 11251.556, 'text': "so he'll be in charge of allotting everything and all the transferred properties.", 'start': 11246.492, 'duration': 5.064}], 'summary': 'Coding process involving step-by-step explanation and da role in property allotment.', 'duration': 139.739, 'max_score': 11111.817, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc11111817.jpg'}, {'end': 11964.402, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11938.504, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 11944.012, 'text': "And as you can see, we can't transfer the same property twice to even to say that the owner doesn't own the property.", 'start': 11938.504, 'duration': 5.508}, {'end': 11946.715, 'text': 'So let me just show you this on Block Explorer.', 'start': 11944.392, 'duration': 2.323}, {'end': 11951.021, 'text': 'So we visit localhost 8000.', 'start': 11947.216, 'duration': 3.805}, {'end': 11953.384, 'text': "And as you can see, these are all the blocks that we've committed.", 'start': 11951.021, 'duration': 2.363}, {'end': 11956.128, 'text': 'So this must be the block.', 'start': 11954.045, 'duration': 2.083}, {'end': 11964.402, 'text': 'and, as you can see, we can check all the gas that have been used and we can see the transfer address through and the address from,', 'start': 11957.014, 'duration': 7.388}], 'summary': 'Explaining property transfer and gas usage on block explorer.', 'duration': 25.898, 'max_score': 11938.504, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc11938504.jpg'}, {'end': 12115.524, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12089.975, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 12098.638, 'text': 'Hyperledger is also an open source development project where people from all over the planet can come and help Hyperledger get developed as a software and as a platform.', 'start': 12089.975, 'duration': 8.663}, {'end': 12106.781, 'text': 'Now. according to the executive director of Hyperledger, Brian Belendorf, Hyperledger is an open source community of communities to benefit,', 'start': 12099.318, 'duration': 7.463}, {'end': 12115.524, 'text': 'an ecosystem of Hyperledger based solution providers and users focused on blockchain related use cases that will work across a variety of industrial sectors.', 'start': 12106.781, 'duration': 8.743}], 'summary': 'Hyperledger is a global open source project for blockchain development across industries.', 'duration': 25.549, 'max_score': 12089.975, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc12089975.jpg'}], 'start': 9979.349, 'title': 'Developing blockchain applications', 'summary': 'Covers building decentralized apps on ethereum, ethereum development tools, blockchain for property transfer, property transfer logic using solidity, and hyperledger open source blockchain solutions with a focus on key points and technologies.', 'chapters': [{'end': 10499.55, 'start': 9979.349, 'title': 'Building decentralized apps on ethereum', 'summary': "Discusses the process of building decentralized applications on ethereum's platform, covering the key points such as the role of smart contracts, the ethereum virtual machine, differences between traditional web apps and decentralized web applications, and the major tools and technology stacks for developing ethereum-based decentralized applications.", 'duration': 520.201, 'highlights': ["Ethereum enables the development of potentially thousands of different applications, all on a single platform Ethereum's innovation allows the development of numerous applications on one platform, offering endless opportunities for blockchain-based applications.", "Ethereum's core innovation, the Ethereum Virtual Machine, is a Turing-complete software that runs on Ethereum's network The Ethereum Virtual Machine, being Turing-complete, provides an efficient platform to run any program regardless of the programming language, making the process of creating a blockchain application much easier.", 'Smart contracts play the role of the API connector to the blockchain Smart contracts, written in Solidity or equivalent languages, act as the bridge connecting decentralized applications to the blockchain, similar to the function of an API in traditional web applications.', 'Solidity, Serpent, and TripleL are the programming languages used for writing smart contracts, with Solidity being the most popular choice Solidity, a contract-oriented high-level language similar to JavaScript, is the preferred language for writing smart contracts on Ethereum, offering an environment to develop and deploy decentralized applications.', 'Remix is a user-friendly option for writing smart contracts, providing features and functionality to aid in the development process Remix is recommended for writing smart contracts as it offers a user-friendly environment with a wide range of features and functionalities to aid in the development process.']}, {'end': 10917.456, 'start': 10499.99, 'title': 'Ethereum development tools overview', 'summary': 'Discusses the various ethereum development tools, including ides, browsers, clients, frameworks, and networks, highlighting the usage of geth as the most popular client, metamask and mist as browsers, and the importance of web3.js for building decentralized applications.', 'duration': 417.466, 'highlights': ['Geth is the most popular implementation of Ethereum clients, written in Go and available as a standalone client or a library, licensed under the GNU LGPL version 3. Geth, written in Go, is the most popular implementation of Ethereum clients, available as a standalone client or a library, licensed under the GNU LGPL version 3.', 'MetaMask and Mist are popular browsers for connecting to the blockchain, with MetaMask allowing decentralized applications to run directly in the browser and Mist being integrated with Geth Node. MetaMask and Mist are popular browsers for connecting to the blockchain, with MetaMask allowing decentralized applications to run directly in the browser and Mist being integrated with Geth Node.', 'Web3.js is the only available framework for Ethereum development, providing an interface for interacting with the blockchain and essential for building web-based decentralized applications. Web3.js is the only available framework for Ethereum development, providing an interface for interacting with the blockchain and essential for building web-based decentralized applications.', 'Truffle is a development environment testing framework and asset pipeline for Ethereum, providing tools such as Ganache and Truffleboxes to facilitate application development and testing. Truffle is a development environment testing framework and asset pipeline for Ethereum, providing tools such as Ganache and Truffleboxes to facilitate application development and testing.', 'Ethereum has three types of networks: the main net, test networks such as Robson, coven, and drink me, and the option to create custom networks for local development and testing. Ethereum has three types of networks: the main net, test networks such as Robson, coven, and drink me, and the option to create custom networks for local development and testing.']}, {'end': 11128.119, 'start': 10918.22, 'title': 'Blockchain for property transfer', 'summary': 'Discusses the benefits of using blockchain for property transfer, citing examples of how it can eliminate delays, reduce expenses, prevent fraud, and simplify land registration. it also outlines the process of developing a smart contract on the ethereum platform for decentralized property transfer.', 'duration': 209.899, 'highlights': ['Blockchain can eliminate delays and reduce expenses in property transfer By using hashes to identify every real estate, blockchain makes property ownership publicly available and searchable, reducing delays, extra expenses, and chances of fraud.', 'Blockchain simplifies land registration and reduces fraud Blockchain technology simplifies and makes land registration more corruption-resistant, ensuring properties cannot be sold more than once over the same entity, reducing fraud and ensuring the governance of land registration is reliable and efficient.', "Developing a smart contract for decentralized property transfer on the Ethereum platform The chapter discusses the process of coding a smart contract using Ethereum's platform and Solidity language, as well as using Remix IDE for compilation and deploying, and Ganache CLI for the test network."]}, {'end': 11657.911, 'start': 11129.1, 'title': 'Property transfer logic', 'summary': 'Outlines the development of a property transfer system using solidity, including the creation of a da address, functions for property transfer and allotment, event triggers, and string comparison methods, with a focus on ensuring ownership and mapping property details to owners.', 'duration': 528.811, 'highlights': ['The chapter outlines the development of a property transfer system using Solidity Describes the main focus and context of the transcript', 'Functions for property transfer and allotment are created Details the creation of functions for property transfer and allotment, indicating the key actions taken in the code', "Event triggers are established for property allotment and transfer Highlights the creation of events for property allotment and transfer, showcasing the system's event-driven design", 'Methods for checking ownership and string comparison are implemented Emphasizes the importance of ensuring ownership and the use of string comparison methods in the system', 'Creation of DA address and modifier for owner verification Mentions the creation of the DA address and a modifier for verifying ownership, showcasing the initial setup for the property transfer system']}, {'end': 12257.127, 'start': 11657.911, 'title': 'Hyperledger: open source blockchain solutions', 'summary': 'Explains the mechanics of hyperledger, an open source project under the linux foundation, enabling developers to create personalized blockchain solutions for businesses, and its significance in solving issues like scalability and confidentiality in blockchain networks.', 'duration': 599.216, 'highlights': ['Hyperledger is an open source project under the Linux Foundation, allowing developers to create personalized blockchain solutions for businesses. Hyperledger is an open source project under the Linux Foundation, enabling developers to create personalized blockchain solutions for businesses, which aligns with the belief that every industry and application must be personalized.', 'Developers realized that public blockchains face scalability and confidentiality issues, leading to the creation of Hyperledger to address these concerns. Developers found that public blockchains face scalability and confidentiality issues, prompting the creation of Hyperledger to address these concerns and enable secure and private transactions.', 'Hyperledger aims to provide a solution that caters to the unique needs of each business or industry, in contrast to the generalized protocol of Ethereum. Hyperledger aims to provide a solution that caters to the unique needs of each business or industry, in contrast to the generalized protocol of Ethereum, which runs on a very generalized protocol for everything on its network.']}], 'duration': 2277.778, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc9979349.jpg', 'highlights': ['Ethereum enables the development of potentially thousands of different applications, all on a single platform', 'Smart contracts play the role of the API connector to the blockchain', 'Solidity, Serpent, and TripleL are the programming languages used for writing smart contracts, with Solidity being the most popular choice', 'Geth is the most popular implementation of Ethereum clients, written in Go and available as a standalone client or a library', 'MetaMask and Mist are popular browsers for connecting to the blockchain, with MetaMask allowing decentralized applications to run directly in the browser', 'Blockchain can eliminate delays and reduce expenses in property transfer', 'Developing a smart contract for decentralized property transfer on the Ethereum platform', 'The chapter outlines the development of a property transfer system using Solidity', 'Hyperledger is an open source project under the Linux Foundation, allowing developers to create personalized blockchain solutions for businesses', 'Developers realized that public blockchains face scalability and confidentiality issues, leading to the creation of Hyperledger to address these concerns']}, {'end': 13430.767, 'segs': [{'end': 12456.634, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12428.13, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 12430.912, 'text': 'all endorsers act as committers on a hyperledger network.', 'start': 12428.13, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 12434.399, 'text': 'Lastly, we have the Consenters, which work on a different runtime.', 'start': 12431.457, 'duration': 2.942}, {'end': 12441.464, 'text': 'These nodes are responsible for running the consensus algorithm on a network and can be very well thought of as the bodyguard of the network,', 'start': 12434.839, 'duration': 6.625}, {'end': 12445.907, 'text': 'who validates every transaction, deciding whether or not it should be added to a ledger.', 'start': 12441.464, 'duration': 4.443}, {'end': 12454.893, 'text': "Now that we know what Hyperledger is, where it's necessary and how it works, let's compare Hyperledger to the two most renowned blockchain networks,", 'start': 12446.927, 'duration': 7.966}, {'end': 12456.634, 'text': 'and that is Bitcoin and Ethereum.', 'start': 12454.893, 'duration': 1.741}], 'summary': 'Hyperledger uses endorsers, consenters for consensus, compared to bitcoin and ethereum.', 'duration': 28.504, 'max_score': 12428.13, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc12428130.jpg'}, {'end': 12641.013, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12609.271, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 12614.298, 'text': 'the co-founder and CTO of the Swirls Technology Group in 2016..', 'start': 12609.271, 'duration': 5.027}, {'end': 12623.562, 'text': "So, in short, it's basically a closed-source, patented software that has been marketed by the swirls people as a new replacement for blockchain.", 'start': 12614.298, 'duration': 9.264}, {'end': 12626.483, 'text': "whether it is a true replacement or not that we'll see over time.", 'start': 12623.562, 'duration': 2.921}, {'end': 12629.384, 'text': "But for this video, let's see how hashgraph actually works.", 'start': 12626.803, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 12632.847, 'text': 'So first of all a hash graph has members.', 'start': 12629.984, 'duration': 2.863}, {'end': 12641.013, 'text': "So our members here are Alice Bob Carol and Dave and they're represented by the four lines that are going upwards on the left hand side.", 'start': 12633.387, 'duration': 7.626}], 'summary': 'Hashgraph is a closed-source software marketed as a blockchain replacement by swirls technology group, with members alice, bob, carol, and dave.', 'duration': 31.742, 'max_score': 12609.271, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc12609271.jpg'}, {'end': 13085.958, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13058.499, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 13061.261, 'text': 'as you just see out here through the animation I have created.', 'start': 13058.499, 'duration': 2.762}, {'end': 13064.643, 'text': 'There are no paths from B4 that go through Carol to get to A3.', 'start': 13061.621, 'duration': 3.022}, {'end': 13068.225, 'text': "But that's okay, because Alice, Bob, and Dave make up a supermajority.", 'start': 13065.103, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 13070.206, 'text': "So Carol isn't really needed.", 'start': 13068.865, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 13073.608, 'text': 'In fact, the second red path alone would have been enough.', 'start': 13070.866, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 13077.954, 'text': 'So therefore, B4 collects the vote from A3, which is a yes.', 'start': 13074.412, 'duration': 3.542}, {'end': 13082.736, 'text': 'And now B4 will also try and see the votes from B3.', 'start': 13078.714, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 13085.958, 'text': "So let's see if now B4 can strongly see B3 or not.", 'start': 13083.137, 'duration': 2.821}], 'summary': "B4 receives a yes vote from a3 and doesn't need carol due to supermajority.", 'duration': 27.459, 'max_score': 13058.499, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc13058499.jpg'}, {'end': 13162.415, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13129.481, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 13132.023, 'text': 'So B4 decides that the election result is a yes.', 'start': 13129.481, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 13137.754, 'text': 'So this means that the consensus has come to the decision that B2 is indeed a famous note.', 'start': 13132.91, 'duration': 4.844}, {'end': 13143.88, 'text': "Now if B4 had seen three yeses and one no, it would still decide yes because that's a super majority.", 'start': 13138.095, 'duration': 5.785}, {'end': 13151.706, 'text': "If B4 had seen three yeses and no other votes because it couldn't strongly see one of the other witnesses, it would still decide yes,", 'start': 13144.44, 'duration': 7.266}, {'end': 13153.488, 'text': "because that's also the super majority.", 'start': 13151.706, 'duration': 1.782}, {'end': 13162.415, 'text': "Now it's important to understand that for B4 to actually have a chance at deciding whether B2 was, or A3 was famous or not, or B2 was famous or not,", 'start': 13153.848, 'duration': 8.567}], 'summary': 'B4 decides on election results based on supermajority of yes votes.', 'duration': 32.934, 'max_score': 13129.481, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc13129481.jpg'}, {'end': 13219.339, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13192.434, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 13198.22, 'text': "So I've colored C2 actually gray out here and let's see whether it is actually famous.", 'start': 13192.434, 'duration': 5.786}, {'end': 13201.603, 'text': 'Now the red line shows that C3 can actually see C2.', 'start': 13198.66, 'duration': 2.943}, {'end': 13209.35, 'text': 'So C3 will vote yes for C2 same, but there are actually no downward paths from A3, B3 or D3 to C2.', 'start': 13201.983, 'duration': 7.367}, {'end': 13210.832, 'text': 'So they all vote no.', 'start': 13209.751, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 13219.339, 'text': 'now the votes are actually calculated by b4 again, and since it can see a3, b3, c3 and d3 strongly,', 'start': 13211.514, 'duration': 7.825}], 'summary': 'C2 is favored by c3, but not by a3, b3, or d3. b4 sees a3, b3, c3, and d3 strongly.', 'duration': 26.905, 'max_score': 13192.434, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc13192434.jpg'}, {'end': 13310.619, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13252.762, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 13256.826, 'text': 'Now, if D4 also fails to decide, then perhaps A4 or C4 might decide it.', 'start': 13252.762, 'duration': 4.064}, {'end': 13259.288, 'text': 'And if none of the four witnesses can decide,', 'start': 13257.166, 'duration': 2.122}, {'end': 13265.151, 'text': 'then each of them will simply vote in accordance with the majority of the votes that they collect and voting yes in case of a tie.', 'start': 13259.288, 'duration': 5.863}, {'end': 13270.855, 'text': 'Now. in that case it will be up to the round five witnesses to collect the votes from the round four witnesses,', 'start': 13265.512, 'duration': 5.343}, {'end': 13273.417, 'text': 'and perhaps the round five witnesses will be able to decide.', 'start': 13270.855, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 13278.56, 'text': 'The voting continues until it eventually reaches a round where some witnesses can decide the election.', 'start': 13273.877, 'duration': 4.683}, {'end': 13284.523, 'text': "Now I've done the calculations for six more elections on a Hashgraph simulator, and the famous nodes are as follows.", 'start': 13278.92, 'duration': 5.603}, {'end': 13288.486, 'text': 'They are A2, B2, D2, A1, B1, C1, and D1.', 'start': 13284.924, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 13294.009, 'text': 'Now in normal operations, most events are not witnesses, so there is no election for most events.', 'start': 13288.826, 'duration': 5.183}, {'end': 13299.712, 'text': 'And most witnesses are declared famous with an almost unanimous vote in the first round of voting.', 'start': 13294.509, 'duration': 5.203}, {'end': 13302.494, 'text': 'So most elections do not actually last very long.', 'start': 13300.113, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 13306.216, 'text': 'Now we have to decide the fame of every witness in round two.', 'start': 13302.994, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 13310.619, 'text': 'Now, once a round has the fame decided for all of its witnesses,', 'start': 13307.036, 'duration': 3.583}], 'summary': 'Voting process for election, with famous nodes a2, b2, d2, a1, b1, c1, and d1.', 'duration': 57.857, 'max_score': 13252.762, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc13252762.jpg'}, {'end': 13396.936, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13370.617, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 13379.123, 'text': 'And similarly we find an event Z by Dave and then take the timestamps of the event X, Y, Z that were put in those event by the creators.', 'start': 13370.617, 'duration': 8.506}, {'end': 13380.944, 'text': 'sort all the timestamps in order.', 'start': 13379.123, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 13385.687, 'text': 'take the middle one from the list or the second of the middle two if they were an even number.', 'start': 13380.944, 'duration': 4.743}, {'end': 13392.092, 'text': 'And this median timestamp is actually the consensus timestamp for the black event, which will then stand as a timestamp.', 'start': 13386.168, 'duration': 5.924}, {'end': 13396.936, 'text': 'Now. consider the gray event below B2..', 'start': 13395.094, 'duration': 1.842}], 'summary': 'Events x, y, z timestamps are sorted to find consensus median timestamp for black event.', 'duration': 26.319, 'max_score': 13370.617, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc13370617.jpg'}], 'start': 12257.127, 'title': 'Confidentiality and hyperledger architecture', 'summary': 'Covers how hyperledger ensures confidentiality of transactions for privacy and security, and explores architectural changes such as the separation of peers, comparison to bitcoin and ethereum, and projects under hyperledger. it also introduces the hashgraph consensus algorithm for achieving consensus on event order and timestamps.', 'chapters': [{'end': 12345.621, 'start': 12257.127, 'title': 'Hyperledger: ensuring confidentiality', 'summary': 'Explains how hyperledger maintains the confidentiality of transactions, allowing only the involved parties to update their ledgers, ensuring privacy and security, and follows a pattern of transaction validation and consensus for various industries.', 'duration': 88.494, 'highlights': ['Hyperledger maintains confidentiality by allowing only the involved parties to update their ledgers, ensuring privacy and security.', 'The transaction validation process involves the parties generating results, which need to be the same for validation, ensuring accuracy and reliability of the transactions.', 'Validated transactions are sent to a consensus cloud for ordering, ensuring a systematic and organized process for finalizing transactions.', 'The pattern of transaction validation and consensus is applicable to multiple industries, meeting private and confidential obligations for multiple parties without relying on a single centralized authority.']}, {'end': 12632.847, 'start': 12346.381, 'title': 'Hyperledger architecture overview', 'summary': 'Dives into the architectural changes in hyperledger, highlighting the separation of peers into endorsers, committers, and consenters, the comparison of hyperledger to bitcoin and ethereum, and the projects under hyperledger such as fabric, sawtooth, and airoha.', 'duration': 286.466, 'highlights': ["Hyperledger's modular architecture allows a high degree of personalization to the network, with peers separated into endorsers, committers, and consenters, enabling properties like consensus to be a plug-and-play feature. The separation of peers into endorsers, committers, and consenters, with the ability to customize the network, enhances the adaptability and flexibility of Hyperledger's architecture.", 'Comparison of Hyperledger to Bitcoin and Ethereum in terms of blockchain type, consensus algorithms, support for smart contracts, and programming languages used, showcasing the differences in their functionalities. Highlighting the distinctions between Hyperledger, Bitcoin, and Ethereum in terms of blockchain type, consensus algorithms, support for smart contracts, and programming languages used, provides a comprehensive comparison of their functionalities.', 'Overview of notable projects under Hyperledger, including Fabric, Sawtooth, Airoha, and Indy, along with their applications in supply chains, market networks, mobile applications, and decentralized identification databases for business networks. Providing an overview of projects under Hyperledger, such as Fabric, Sawtooth, Airoha, and Indy, and their applications in supply chains, market networks, mobile applications, and decentralized identification databases for business networks, demonstrates the diverse and practical use cases of Hyperledger.']}, {'end': 13430.767, 'start': 12633.387, 'title': 'Hashgraph consensus algorithm', 'summary': 'Introduces the hashgraph consensus algorithm, which aims to achieve consensus on the order of events and transactions, and the timestamps for events. it explains the gossip protocol, creation of events, witness selection, and the process of determining famous witnesses and achieving consensus.', 'duration': 797.38, 'highlights': ["The hashgraph consensus algorithm aims to achieve consensus on the order of events and transactions, and the timestamps for events. The algorithm's goal is for community members to come to a consensus on the order of events and transactions, and to agree on timestamps for events.", 'The gossip protocol is used for members to sync and share events, and the events form a record of how the members have communicated. The community runs a gossip protocol where members repeatedly call each other at random to sync and share events, forming a record of communication.', 'Witnesses are selected for each round, and their fame is determined through a voting process based on the visibility of their events to other witnesses. Each round has witnesses whose fame is determined through a voting process based on the visibility of their events to other witnesses, ensuring the selection of famous witnesses.', 'The process of achieving consensus involves calculating fame for witnesses, collecting and counting votes, and determining the famous nodes. The process involves calculating fame for witnesses, collecting and counting votes, and determining the famous nodes through a series of elections.', 'Consensus timestamps are determined by finding the earliest events by famous witnesses, sorting the timestamps, and selecting the median as the consensus timestamp for an event. Consensus timestamps are determined by finding the earliest events by famous witnesses, sorting timestamps, and selecting the median as the consensus timestamp for an event.']}], 'duration': 1173.64, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc12257127.jpg', 'highlights': ['Hyperledger maintains confidentiality by allowing only the involved parties to update their ledgers, ensuring privacy and security.', 'The transaction validation process involves the parties generating results, which need to be the same for validation, ensuring accuracy and reliability of the transactions.', 'Validated transactions are sent to a consensus cloud for ordering, ensuring a systematic and organized process for finalizing transactions.', 'The pattern of transaction validation and consensus is applicable to multiple industries, meeting private and confidential obligations for multiple parties without relying on a single centralized authority.', "Hyperledger's modular architecture allows a high degree of personalization to the network, with peers separated into endorsers, committers, and consenters, enabling properties like consensus to be a plug-and-play feature.", 'Comparison of Hyperledger to Bitcoin and Ethereum in terms of blockchain type, consensus algorithms, support for smart contracts, and programming languages used, showcasing the differences in their functionalities.', 'Overview of notable projects under Hyperledger, including Fabric, Sawtooth, Airoha, and Indy, along with their applications in supply chains, market networks, mobile applications, and decentralized identification databases for business networks.', 'The hashgraph consensus algorithm aims to achieve consensus on the order of events and transactions, and the timestamps for events.', 'The gossip protocol is used for members to sync and share events, and the events form a record of how the members have communicated.', 'Witnesses are selected for each round, and their fame is determined through a voting process based on the visibility of their events to other witnesses.', 'The process of achieving consensus involves calculating fame for witnesses, collecting and counting votes, and determining the famous nodes.', 'Consensus timestamps are determined by finding the earliest events by famous witnesses, sorting the timestamps, and selecting the median as the consensus timestamp for an event.']}, {'end': 14518.675, 'segs': [{'end': 13543.247, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13515.033, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 13517.714, 'text': 'Now just look at the forecast going by the past trends,', 'start': 13515.033, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 13522.356, 'text': "you see that what you see today is nothing compared to what we're going to see in the next seven years.", 'start': 13517.714, 'duration': 4.642}, {'end': 13528.578, 'text': 'So in the next seven years, the number of jobs in blockchain are going to grow by 16 times, which is quite a big number.', 'start': 13522.736, 'duration': 5.842}, {'end': 13530.079, 'text': 'So this is an opportunity.', 'start': 13528.958, 'duration': 1.121}, {'end': 13534.181, 'text': 'I mean, I personally feel that this is the right time to be in this field.', 'start': 13530.658, 'duration': 3.523}, {'end': 13540.505, 'text': "And if you see on the right side of the slide, you'll find that if you know blockchain, there are 14 jobs for you.", 'start': 13534.681, 'duration': 5.824}, {'end': 13543.247, 'text': 'So that is quite a mismatch in the demand and supply.', 'start': 13540.765, 'duration': 2.482}], 'summary': 'In the next seven years, blockchain jobs are projected to grow by 16 times, creating a significant opportunity in the field.', 'duration': 28.214, 'max_score': 13515.033, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc13515033.jpg'}, {'end': 13592.944, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13566.155, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 13574.749, 'text': 'distributed database of immutable records where transactions are protected by strong cryptographic algorithms and the network status is maintained by a consensus algorithm.', 'start': 13566.155, 'duration': 8.594}, {'end': 13578.938, 'text': 'Now the blockchain is devised in such a way that, to access any previous transaction,', 'start': 13575.316, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 13582.82, 'text': 'you have to traverse from the last created block to the block whose data you want to access.', 'start': 13578.938, 'duration': 3.882}, {'end': 13587.442, 'text': 'Now, the second question is what is the principle on which blockchain technology is based on?', 'start': 13583.46, 'duration': 3.982}, {'end': 13592.944, 'text': 'The answer to that is basically we can say that blockchain is a subset of distributed ledger technology.', 'start': 13587.702, 'duration': 5.242}], 'summary': 'Blockchain is a subset of distributed ledger technology, using immutable records and consensus algorithms for transaction protection.', 'duration': 26.789, 'max_score': 13566.155, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc13566155.jpg'}, {'end': 14095.479, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14062.928, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 14066.734, 'text': 'Now blockchain is considered incorruptible, and so what do we mean by this?', 'start': 14062.928, 'duration': 3.806}, {'end': 14073.825, 'text': 'What we mean is that you cannot hack or corrupt the ledger simply because it is distributed, and if you want to corrupt the ledger,', 'start': 14067.455, 'duration': 6.37}, {'end': 14077.11, 'text': "you have to control more than half of the network's computational power or nodes.", 'start': 14073.825, 'duration': 3.285}, {'end': 14083.914, 'text': 'And doing this is not an easy job, because if an attacker wants to control this and try to control the money for himself,', 'start': 14077.651, 'duration': 6.263}, {'end': 14086.175, 'text': 'he has to invest huge computational resources.', 'start': 14083.914, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 14087.396, 'text': 'So should it happen?', 'start': 14086.635, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 14095.479, 'text': 'Basically, if someone has control of more than 51% computing power in a network, that person would take every precaution to avoid being noticed.', 'start': 14087.816, 'duration': 7.663}], 'summary': 'Blockchain is incorruptible due to its distributed nature, requiring control of over 51% computational power to corrupt the ledger.', 'duration': 32.551, 'max_score': 14062.928, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc14062928.jpg'}, {'end': 14183.546, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14154.145, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 14158.247, 'text': 'Moving on to the next question how is a blockchain ledger different from the ordinary one??', 'start': 14154.145, 'duration': 4.102}, {'end': 14166.85, 'text': 'So in a blockchain, same copy of ledgers exists in the entire network, while in the ordinary system the ledger may or may not be the same.', 'start': 14158.863, 'duration': 7.987}, {'end': 14174.097, 'text': 'In blockchain you only have options to create and read whereas in ordinary ledgers you can perform all CRUD options.', 'start': 14167.071, 'duration': 7.026}, {'end': 14178.221, 'text': 'Now these are some of the basic differences between blockchain and ordinary ledgers.', 'start': 14174.538, 'duration': 3.683}, {'end': 14183.546, 'text': 'Moving on to the next question, and this is a very interesting one, which says what do you mean by mining?', 'start': 14178.701, 'duration': 4.845}], 'summary': 'Blockchain ledger has same copies in entire network, offers limited options; ordinary ledger allows crud operations.', 'duration': 29.401, 'max_score': 14154.145, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc14154145.jpg'}, {'end': 14285.835, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14259.274, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 14264.676, 'text': 'moving on to the next question, we have state the difference between how, proof of work and proof of stakes.', 'start': 14259.274, 'duration': 5.402}, {'end': 14267.437, 'text': 'so we have properties of proof of work and proof of stake.', 'start': 14264.676, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 14274.986, 'text': 'In proof of work, the probability of mining a block depends on the amount of work a miner does for validating the mining of a block.', 'start': 14268.081, 'duration': 6.905}, {'end': 14281.892, 'text': 'Whereas proof of work has stakeholders and they validate new blocks by utilizing their share of coins on the network.', 'start': 14275.387, 'duration': 6.505}, {'end': 14285.835, 'text': 'Next point is that proof of work takes more energy than proof of stake.', 'start': 14282.212, 'duration': 3.623}], 'summary': 'Proof of work relies on mining effort, while proof of stake uses coin ownership to validate blocks. proof of work consumes more energy.', 'duration': 26.561, 'max_score': 14259.274, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc14259274.jpg'}, {'end': 14325.014, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14294.976, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 14298.137, 'text': 'user needs to own a majority of coins in order to attack the network.', 'start': 14294.976, 'duration': 3.161}, {'end': 14303.679, 'text': 'Moving on to the next question, name some of the popular platforms for developing blockchain applications.', 'start': 14298.957, 'duration': 4.722}, {'end': 14307.578, 'text': 'So people are experimenting a lot with blockchain technology,', 'start': 14304.335, 'duration': 3.243}, {'end': 14312.162, 'text': 'which is why there are so many platforms coming up for the building of blockchain applications.', 'start': 14307.578, 'duration': 4.584}, {'end': 14318.508, 'text': 'Some of the popular platforms are Ethereum, Hyperledger Fabric, Corda, Cardano, IOTA and Quorum.', 'start': 14312.622, 'duration': 5.886}, {'end': 14325.014, 'text': 'So some of these networks are public networks that also work in a private setting, like Ethereum is a public network,', 'start': 14318.848, 'duration': 6.166}], 'summary': 'Owning a majority of coins is essential to attack the network. popular blockchain platforms include ethereum, hyperledger fabric, corda, cardano, iota, and quorum.', 'duration': 30.038, 'max_score': 14294.976, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc14294976.jpg'}, {'end': 14393.981, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14368.236, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 14373.761, 'text': 'so there are some major benefits of using blockchain, which is why blockchain has become popular in recent times.', 'start': 14368.236, 'duration': 5.525}, {'end': 14381.208, 'text': 'transaction settlement in blockchain happens in real time, so any transaction is peer-to-peer and the network itself verifies the transaction,', 'start': 14373.761, 'duration': 7.447}, {'end': 14387.554, 'text': 'which makes the transaction much, much faster, And since there are non third parties involved, the transaction cost is also minimal.', 'start': 14381.208, 'duration': 6.346}, {'end': 14393.981, 'text': 'Again, the transaction and the system is secured by strong cryptographic algorithms, which in turn accounts for the immutability.', 'start': 14387.814, 'duration': 6.167}], 'summary': 'Blockchain offers real-time transaction settlement, peer-to-peer verification, minimal transaction cost, and strong cryptographic security.', 'duration': 25.745, 'max_score': 14368.236, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc14368236.jpg'}, {'end': 14446.563, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14418.84, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 14426.427, 'text': 'So some of the widely used algorithms in blockchain include algorithms like DDDES, where DES stands for Digital Encryption System.', 'start': 14418.84, 'duration': 7.587}, {'end': 14432.613, 'text': 'Then we also have the RSA algorithm which is used in numerous areas concerned with digital certificates.', 'start': 14426.748, 'duration': 5.865}, {'end': 14436.637, 'text': 'Other algorithms include 2fish, Blowfish and AES.', 'start': 14433.134, 'duration': 3.503}, {'end': 14440.921, 'text': 'Out of all these algorithms, AES is the strongest encryption algorithm to break.', 'start': 14437.057, 'duration': 3.864}, {'end': 14446.563, 'text': 'Moving on to the next question, we have what do you know about forking in blockchain and name the types of forking?', 'start': 14441.522, 'duration': 5.041}], 'summary': 'Blockchain algorithms like aes are strong. forking has types.', 'duration': 27.723, 'max_score': 14418.84, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc14418840.jpg'}, {'end': 14523.078, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14499.442, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 14507.708, 'text': 'So a blind signature in cryptography is when digital signature is generated for a certain content with the content itself being disguised or blinded.', 'start': 14499.442, 'duration': 8.266}, {'end': 14515.053, 'text': 'This generated blind sign can be verified against the original unblinded messages using conventional decryption techniques.', 'start': 14508.128, 'duration': 6.925}, {'end': 14518.675, 'text': 'The message is blinded by the author and signed by a different party.', 'start': 14515.393, 'duration': 3.282}, {'end': 14523.078, 'text': 'The system is generally deployed in privacy related protocols.', 'start': 14519.035, 'duration': 4.043}], 'summary': 'Blind signature in cryptography disguises content for privacy, verified by conventional decryption techniques.', 'duration': 23.636, 'max_score': 14499.442, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc14499442.jpg'}], 'start': 13431.423, 'title': 'Blockchain technology', 'summary': 'Covers the concepts of hash graphs, blockchain job trends, security measures, and advanced concepts, including a 16 times job growth forecast in the next seven years, cryptographic algorithms, consensus mechanisms, and blind signatures.', 'chapters': [{'end': 13473.853, 'start': 13431.423, 'title': 'Hash graph technology overview', 'summary': 'Explains the concept of hash graphs and its role in sorting transactions, serving as a list of ordered transactions on the network, and introduces upcoming blockchain interview topics.', 'duration': 42.43, 'highlights': ['The system serves as a list of all the ordered transactions on the network, ensuring efficient transaction handling and record-keeping.', 'The process of voting and sorting transactions based on timestamps and their round receives continues, ensuring a reliable and consistent transaction ordering system.', 'The chapter introduces upcoming blockchain interview topics, including discussions on blockchains in the market, general blockchain questions, and advanced blockchain questions.']}, {'end': 13820.965, 'start': 13474.334, 'title': 'Blockchain job trends and interview insights', 'summary': 'Discusses the increasing job opportunities in blockchain, with a 16 times job growth forecast in the next seven years, the types of blockchain, interview questions, and key features of blockchain technology.', 'duration': 346.631, 'highlights': ['The number of jobs in blockchain are forecasted to grow by 16 times in the next seven years. The job opportunities in blockchain are expected to increase significantly, with a forecasted 16 times job growth in the next seven years, indicating substantial career prospects in this field.', 'The most number of job opportunities are in the technology (software) field, financial services, and insurance services. The technology (software) field, financial services, and insurance services offer the highest number of job opportunities, indicating the key sectors for career growth in blockchain technology.', 'The three types of blockchains are public, private, and consortium, each with distinct permission and accessibility characteristics. Blockchain technology encompasses three types of blockchains - public, private, and consortium, each with unique permission and accessibility attributes, providing a comprehensive overview of blockchain structures.', 'Blockchain technology is based on a decentralized, distributed database of immutable records protected by strong cryptographic algorithms. Blockchain technology is founded on a decentralized, distributed database of immutable records safeguarded by robust cryptographic algorithms, ensuring the security and integrity of transactions.', "Blockchain's key features include a decentralized network, distributed ledger, and immutability, ensuring a safe and secure ecosystem. The key features of blockchain technology encompass a decentralized network, distributed ledger, and immutability, establishing a secure and reliable ecosystem for transactions."]}, {'end': 14044.28, 'start': 13821.265, 'title': 'Blockchain basics and security', 'summary': 'Discusses the fundamental concepts of blockchain technology, including the role of blocks, immutability, block identifiers, security measures such as cryptographic algorithms and consensus algorithms, and the importance of merkle trees in efficiently identifying specific data within a blockchain.', 'duration': 223.015, 'highlights': ["Immutability of Blockchain Blockchain's immutability is ensured by cryptographic algorithms, preventing any modifications to records and thus maintaining the integrity of the blockchain.", 'Role of Blocks in Blockchain Blocks in blockchain store transactions and are linked together in a sequential form to maintain the order of transactions.', 'Security Measures in Blockchain Blockchain security is maintained through cryptographic hash algorithms, hash pointers linking blocks, and consensus algorithms.', 'Block Identifiers and Merkle Trees Block identifiers include block headers and block height, while Merkle trees efficiently identify specific data within a blockchain by summarizing transactions and producing digital fingerprints of transaction sets.']}, {'end': 14518.675, 'start': 14044.68, 'title': 'Blockchain basics and advanced concepts', 'summary': 'Explains the basics of blockchain, including its incorruptibility, network types, ledger differences, mining, components, consensus mechanisms, and popular platforms, and also delves into advanced concepts like cryptographic algorithms, forking, and blind signatures.', 'duration': 473.995, 'highlights': ["Blockchain is considered incorruptible due to its distributed nature, requiring control of more than half of the network's computational power to hack the ledger. The explanation of blockchain's incorruptibility emphasizes the requirement of controlling over 51% of the network's computational power to hack or corrupt the ledger, which is a difficult task due to the huge computational resources needed.", 'Explanation of the three types of network systems: centralized, decentralized, and distributed, with examples like Bitcoin and Ethereum representing a distributed network with peer-to-peer communication. The explanation provides a clear differentiation of the three network types, with examples like Bitcoin and Ethereum showcasing a distributed network where every node communicates in a peer-to-peer manner, emphasizing the absence of any centralized server in the system.', 'Comparison of blockchain ledgers with ordinary ones, highlighting that in blockchain, the same copy of ledgers exists in the entire network, while in ordinary systems, the ledger may or may not be the same. The comparison emphasizes the fundamental difference between blockchain ledgers and ordinary ones, specifically focusing on the uniformity of ledger copies in blockchain networks, contrasting with the potential variability in ordinary systems.', 'Definition and process of mining in blockchain, detailing the role of miners using cryptographic algorithms to validate and add transactions to the block. The explanation provides a comprehensive overview of the mining process, highlighting the specific role of miners and their utilization of cryptographic algorithms to validate and add transactions to the block, emphasizing the technical intricacies involved in the process.', "Explanation of proof of work and proof of stake properties, including their impact on mining, energy consumption, and network security, with Ethereum's transition to proof of stake highlighted. The explanation covers the properties of proof of work and proof of stake, detailing their influence on mining, energy consumption, and network security, and highlighting Ethereum's gradual shift to the proof of stake consensus mechanism.", 'List of popular platforms for developing blockchain applications, including Ethereum, Hyperledger Fabric, Corda, Cardano, IOTA, and Quorum, with insights into their public and private network capabilities. The list of platforms offers a comprehensive overview of popular choices for developing blockchain applications, providing insights into their capabilities in both public and private settings, enhancing the understanding of their diverse use cases.', 'Explanation of double spending and its prevention in blockchain systems, emphasizing the impossibility due to the confirmation of transactions by multiple parties. The explanation provides a clear understanding of double spending and its prevention in blockchain systems, emphasizing the role of multiple party confirmation in rendering double spending impossible.', 'Overview of the benefits of using blockchain, including real-time transaction settlement, minimal transaction costs, strong cryptographic security, and user pseudonymity. The overview highlights the major benefits of blockchain, emphasizing factors such as real-time transaction settlement, minimal transaction costs, strong cryptographic security, and user pseudonymity, providing a comprehensive understanding of the advantages offered by blockchain technology.', 'Overview of widely used cryptographic algorithms in blockchain, including DDDES, RSA, 2fish, Blowfish, and AES, with emphasis on the strength of AES encryption. The overview provides insights into widely used cryptographic algorithms in blockchain, highlighting their names and emphasizing the strength of AES encryption, enhancing the understanding of the cryptographic foundations of blockchain technology.', 'Explanation of forking in blockchain, distinguishing between soft fork and hard fork, and highlighting their compatibility and implications for network upgrades. The explanation provides a clear differentiation between soft fork and hard fork, emphasizing their compatibility and implications for network upgrades, enhancing the understanding of the diverse types of forking in blockchain.', 'Explanation of the significance of blind signatures in cryptography, detailing the process of generating and verifying blind signatures, emphasizing the role of blinding and conventional decryption techniques. The explanation provides a comprehensive overview of blind signatures in cryptography, detailing the process of generating and verifying blind signatures and emphasizing the significance of blinding and conventional decryption techniques, enhancing the understanding of this cryptographic concept.']}], 'duration': 1087.252, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc13431423.jpg', 'highlights': ['Blockchain job opportunities forecasted to grow 16 times in 7 years', 'Blockchain technology based on decentralized, distributed database', "Blockchain's immutability ensured by cryptographic algorithms", 'Blockchain considered incorruptible, requiring control of over 51% network power', 'Comparison of blockchain ledgers with ordinary ones', 'Explanation of proof of work and proof of stake properties', 'List of popular platforms for developing blockchain applications', 'Overview of the benefits of using blockchain', 'Overview of widely used cryptographic algorithms in blockchain', 'Explanation of the significance of blind signatures in cryptography']}, {'end': 15492.519, 'segs': [{'end': 14569.97, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14542.37, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 14544.912, 'text': 'each of whom is allocated a share of the secret.', 'start': 14542.37, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 14551.457, 'text': 'The secret can be reconstructed only when a sufficient number of possibly different types of shares are combined together.', 'start': 14545.252, 'duration': 6.205}, {'end': 14554.078, 'text': 'Individual shares are of no use on their own.', 'start': 14551.837, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 14559.422, 'text': 'Secret sharing essentially allows data to be stored in a decentralized way across n parties,', 'start': 14554.319, 'duration': 5.103}, {'end': 14563.085, 'text': 'such that any k parties can work together to reconstruct the data.', 'start': 14559.422, 'duration': 3.663}, {'end': 14567.088, 'text': 'but k1 parties cannot recover any information at all.', 'start': 14563.465, 'duration': 3.623}, {'end': 14569.97, 'text': 'n and k can be set to any values desired.', 'start': 14567.088, 'duration': 2.882}], 'summary': 'Secret sharing allows data to be stored across n parties, with k parties able to reconstruct the data, while k1 parties cannot recover any information at all.', 'duration': 27.6, 'max_score': 14542.37, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc14542370.jpg'}, {'end': 14610.353, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14582.999, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 14587.342, 'text': 'so moving on to the next question, which is can you explain what are off-chain transactions?', 'start': 14582.999, 'duration': 4.343}, {'end': 14595.686, 'text': 'So off-chain transactions refer to those transactions occurring on a cryptocurrency Network which move the values outside the blockchain.', 'start': 14587.982, 'duration': 7.704}, {'end': 14602.709, 'text': 'due to their zero or low cost, off-chain transactions are gaining a lot of popularity, especially among large participants.', 'start': 14595.686, 'duration': 7.023}, {'end': 14606.671, 'text': 'off-chain transactions can be better understood when compared to on-chain transactions.', 'start': 14602.709, 'duration': 3.962}, {'end': 14610.353, 'text': 'an on-chain transaction, which is simply called a transaction,', 'start': 14607.231, 'duration': 3.122}], 'summary': 'Off-chain transactions move cryptocurrency values outside the blockchain, gaining popularity due to zero or low cost.', 'duration': 27.354, 'max_score': 14582.999, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc14582999.jpg'}, {'end': 14676.494, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14650.711, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 14656.933, 'text': 'Okay, so moving on to the next question, which states what do you mean by anonymity and pseudonymity in cryptocurrencies?', 'start': 14650.711, 'duration': 6.222}, {'end': 14665.042, 'text': 'Well, an anonymity network enables users to access the network while blocking any tracking or tracing of their identity on the internet.', 'start': 14657.515, 'duration': 7.527}, {'end': 14670.668, 'text': 'This type of online anonymity moves internet traffic through a worldwide network of volunteer servers.', 'start': 14665.323, 'duration': 5.345}, {'end': 14676.494, 'text': 'Anonymity networks prevent traffic analysis and network surveillance, or at least make it very, very difficult.', 'start': 14671.068, 'duration': 5.426}], 'summary': 'Anonymity in cryptocurrencies enables users to access the network while blocking tracking of their identity, preventing traffic analysis and network surveillance.', 'duration': 25.783, 'max_score': 14650.711, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc14650711.jpg'}, {'end': 14805.143, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14779.059, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 14786.248, 'text': 'Once a block is finalized, mined in the jargon, it cannot be altered, since a fraudulent version of the public ledger would quickly be spotted,', 'start': 14779.059, 'duration': 7.189}, {'end': 14787.991, 'text': "rejected by the network's users.", 'start': 14786.248, 'duration': 1.743}, {'end': 14793.298, 'text': 'However, by controlling a majority of the computing power of the network, which is basically 51%,', 'start': 14788.576, 'duration': 4.722}, {'end': 14797.88, 'text': 'an attacker or group of attackers can interfere with the process of recording new blocks.', 'start': 14793.298, 'duration': 4.582}, {'end': 14805.143, 'text': 'They can prevent other miners from completing blocks, theoretically allowing them to monopolize the mining of new blocks and earn all of the rewards.', 'start': 14798.16, 'duration': 6.983}], 'summary': 'Once a block is finalized, it cannot be altered. a 51% control of computing power can lead to interference and monopolization of mining.', 'duration': 26.084, 'max_score': 14779.059, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc14779059.jpg'}, {'end': 14916.626, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14885.971, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 14890.414, 'text': 'Most businesses have certain rules regarding content sharing amongst this organization.', 'start': 14885.971, 'duration': 4.443}, {'end': 14895.398, 'text': 'In this case, a high amount of privacy and permissions at different levels of the network are required.', 'start': 14890.634, 'duration': 4.764}, {'end': 14898.079, 'text': 'This is essentially provided by a consortium blockchain.', 'start': 14895.578, 'duration': 2.501}, {'end': 14900.221, 'text': 'Thirdly, we need smart contracts.', 'start': 14898.52, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 14903.882, 'text': 'The business always needs to implement business logic on the blockchain,', 'start': 14900.641, 'duration': 3.241}, {'end': 14908.023, 'text': 'and the only way to do this currently is with the implementation of smart contracts on the system.', 'start': 14903.882, 'duration': 4.141}, {'end': 14910.704, 'text': 'Last but not the least, we need a consensus algorithm.', 'start': 14908.423, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 14916.626, 'text': 'Just like every blockchain, a consensus protocol is obviously required for the validation of blocks into the new chain.', 'start': 14911.164, 'duration': 5.462}], 'summary': 'Businesses require privacy, smart contracts, and consensus algorithm for consortium blockchain.', 'duration': 30.655, 'max_score': 14885.971, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc14885971.jpg'}, {'end': 14944.716, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14918.926, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 14924.388, 'text': 'What are the key principles in blockchain that are helpful in eliminating the security threats that needs to be followed?', 'start': 14918.926, 'duration': 5.462}, {'end': 14931.854, 'text': 'Okay, so, there are a few principles to be followed for eliminating proper security threats, but this is not specific to blockchain,', 'start': 14925.012, 'duration': 6.842}, {'end': 14934.054, 'text': 'as they can be applied to any general network.', 'start': 14931.854, 'duration': 2.2}, {'end': 14936.835, 'text': 'So firstly, we need to have a proper auditing process.', 'start': 14934.554, 'duration': 2.281}, {'end': 14944.716, 'text': 'Secondly, applications must be secured with proper role-based access control system and there should be proper testing of every unit and the integration also.', 'start': 14937.075, 'duration': 7.641}], 'summary': 'Key principles for eliminating security threats include auditing, role-based access control, and rigorous testing.', 'duration': 25.79, 'max_score': 14918.926, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc14918926.jpg'}, {'end': 15007.774, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14985.698, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 14993.944, 'text': 'Okay so, some of the most popular consensus mechanisms are BBFT, which stands for Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance, Proof of Work, Proof of Stake.', 'start': 14985.698, 'duration': 8.246}, {'end': 14997.867, 'text': "then there's also Proof of Burn, Delegated Proof of Stake and Proof of Elapsed Time.", 'start': 14993.944, 'duration': 3.923}, {'end': 15002.73, 'text': 'Now we need different consensus mechanisms mostly to cater to different business models.', 'start': 14998.287, 'duration': 4.443}, {'end': 15007.774, 'text': 'Also new consensus mostly provide an optimization in terms of storage and performance.', 'start': 15003.13, 'duration': 4.644}], 'summary': 'Popular consensus mechanisms include bbft, proof of work, proof of stake, proof of burn, delegated proof of stake, and proof of elapsed time, catering to various business models and optimizing storage and performance.', 'duration': 22.076, 'max_score': 14985.698, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc14985698.jpg'}, {'end': 15111.126, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15078.617, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 15082.24, 'text': 'Moving on, explain a real life use case where blockchain is being used.', 'start': 15078.617, 'duration': 3.623}, {'end': 15083.52, 'text': 'So this is very easy.', 'start': 15082.64, 'duration': 0.88}, {'end': 15086.362, 'text': 'I have an example in front of you, which is store chase.', 'start': 15083.78, 'duration': 2.582}, {'end': 15090.286, 'text': 'So, StoreJ is an open-source, decentralized file storage solution.', 'start': 15086.682, 'duration': 3.604}, {'end': 15095.831, 'text': 'It uses encryption, file sharding, and a blockchain-based hash table to store files on a peer-to-peer network.', 'start': 15090.566, 'duration': 5.265}, {'end': 15099.615, 'text': 'The goal is to make cloud file storage faster, cheaper, and private.', 'start': 15096.052, 'duration': 3.563}, {'end': 15104.14, 'text': 'Traditionally, cloud storage solutions like Dropbox or Google Drive have limitations.', 'start': 15100.016, 'duration': 4.124}, {'end': 15111.126, 'text': 'While files are backed up redundantly, bandwidth from a data center or unexpected outages can restrict access to your files.', 'start': 15104.62, 'duration': 6.506}], 'summary': 'Storej uses blockchain for decentralized file storage to make cloud storage faster, cheaper, and private.', 'duration': 32.509, 'max_score': 15078.617, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc15078617.jpg'}, {'end': 15158.493, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15128.38, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 15131.603, 'text': 'Now moving on to the next question, which is what are sidechains?', 'start': 15128.38, 'duration': 3.223}, {'end': 15137.307, 'text': 'So a sidechain is a separate blockchain that is attached to its parent blockchain using a two-way peg.', 'start': 15132.163, 'duration': 5.144}, {'end': 15144.032, 'text': 'The two-way peg enables interchangeability of assets at a predetermined rate between the parent blockchain and the sidechain.', 'start': 15137.667, 'duration': 6.365}, {'end': 15149.797, 'text': 'The original blockchain is usually referred to as the mainchain and all additional blockchains are referred to the sidechain.', 'start': 15144.393, 'duration': 5.404}, {'end': 15153.99, 'text': 'blockchain platform Ardor refers to its sidechains as child chains.', 'start': 15150.407, 'duration': 3.583}, {'end': 15158.493, 'text': 'A user on the parent chain first has to send their coins to an output address,', 'start': 15154.41, 'duration': 4.083}], 'summary': 'Sidechains are separate blockchains attached to the mainchain, enabling interchangeability of assets at a predetermined rate.', 'duration': 30.113, 'max_score': 15128.38, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc15128380.jpg'}, {'end': 15241.934, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15203.665, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 15207.728, 'text': 'With every purchase, the blockchain adds one more block to its ladder of transactions,', 'start': 15203.665, 'duration': 4.063}, {'end': 15211.57, 'text': 'and every block increases with data as it carries the history of the block before it.', 'start': 15207.728, 'duration': 3.842}, {'end': 15218.414, 'text': 'As more users join the network and transaction histories of individual coins grow, the current system is in danger of buckling.', 'start': 15211.95, 'duration': 6.464}, {'end': 15223.457, 'text': 'So as we see, scalability is basically the major issue in blockchains today.', 'start': 15218.815, 'duration': 4.642}, {'end': 15230.623, 'text': 'Now moving on to the next questions, are there any alternatives to blockchain? So yeah, there are actually alternatives to blockchain.', 'start': 15223.878, 'duration': 6.745}, {'end': 15233.626, 'text': 'Hashgraph is a new consensus alternative to blockchain.', 'start': 15230.903, 'duration': 2.723}, {'end': 15237.249, 'text': 'It uses a gossip protocol that works in the following manner.', 'start': 15234.026, 'duration': 3.223}, {'end': 15241.934, 'text': 'Every node in Hashgraph can spread signed information, called events,', 'start': 15237.67, 'duration': 4.264}], 'summary': 'Blockchain faces scalability issues due to growing transaction histories, but alternatives like hashgraph offer new consensus protocols.', 'duration': 38.269, 'max_score': 15203.665, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc15203665.jpg'}, {'end': 15387.018, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15353.511, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 15355.653, 'text': "But in my opinion, that's just a lazy approach.", 'start': 15353.511, 'duration': 2.142}, {'end': 15357.354, 'text': 'Lastly, we have sharding.', 'start': 15356.113, 'duration': 1.241}, {'end': 15362.619, 'text': 'Now, sharding is a scaling technique that was inspired by a traditional concept of databases sharding,', 'start': 15357.654, 'duration': 4.965}, {'end': 15366.622, 'text': 'whereby a database is partitioned into several pieces and based on different servers.', 'start': 15362.619, 'duration': 4.003}, {'end': 15368.784, 'text': 'In the context of a public blockchain,', 'start': 15366.903, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 15374.049, 'text': 'the transaction load on the network would be divided into different shards comprising different nodes on the network.', 'start': 15368.784, 'duration': 5.265}, {'end': 15381.274, 'text': 'As a consequence, each node would process only a fraction of incoming transactions and it would do so in parallel with other nodes on the network.', 'start': 15374.449, 'duration': 6.825}, {'end': 15387.018, 'text': 'Breaking the network into shards would result in more transactions being processed and verified simultaneously.', 'start': 15381.534, 'duration': 5.484}], 'summary': 'Sharding is a scaling technique dividing a blockchain network into shards, allowing more transactions to be processed in parallel.', 'duration': 33.507, 'max_score': 15353.511, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc15353511.jpg'}, {'end': 15450.843, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15425.668, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 15430.83, 'text': 'Can you name some of the decentralized blockchain based application that will bring about the next level of the internet?', 'start': 15425.668, 'duration': 5.162}, {'end': 15436.133, 'text': 'So the answer to that is you could name some of the applications that have been actually implemented through blockchain.', 'start': 15431.231, 'duration': 4.902}, {'end': 15441.716, 'text': 'For example, browsers like Chrome have been implemented in a decentralized manner called a brave browser.', 'start': 15436.393, 'duration': 5.323}, {'end': 15445.759, 'text': 'Then we have storage file systems like Store J and IPFS.', 'start': 15442.236, 'duration': 3.523}, {'end': 15450.843, 'text': 'We have operating systems like Essentia and EOS and social networks like Steemit.', 'start': 15446.22, 'duration': 4.623}], 'summary': 'Decentralized blockchain apps like brave, store j, ipfs, essentia, eos, and steemit are transforming the internet.', 'duration': 25.175, 'max_score': 15425.668, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc15425668.jpg'}], 'start': 14519.035, 'title': 'Blockchain fundamentals', 'summary': 'Covers off-chain transactions, anonymity and pseudonymity in cryptocurrencies, peer discovery in p2p networks, 51% attack vulnerability, core requirements for business blockchain, popular consensus algorithms, real-life use case of storej decentralized file storage solution, sidechains, scalability issues, lightning network, segwit, increasing block size, sharding, and decentralized blockchain-based applications for the next level of the internet.', 'chapters': [{'end': 14582.999, 'start': 14519.035, 'title': 'Secret sharing in blockchain technology', 'summary': 'Explains secret sharing, a method for distributing a secret amongst a group of participants, and its benefits in blockchain technology, allowing private content to be divided into small parts and sent on a decentralized network.', 'duration': 63.964, 'highlights': ['Secret sharing refers to methods for distributing a secret amongst a group of participants, allowing data to be stored in a decentralized way across n parties, such that any k parties can work together to reconstruct the data, while k1 parties cannot recover any information at all.', 'Secret sharing has benefits in blockchain technology as it allows private content to be divided into small parts and be sent to the destination on a decentralized network.', 'The system is generally deployed in privacy related protocols, such as electoral processes, polling campaigns, and digital caching systems.']}, {'end': 15127.88, 'start': 14582.999, 'title': 'Blockchain fundamentals', 'summary': 'Covers off-chain transactions, anonymity and pseudonymity in cryptocurrencies, peer discovery in p2p networks, 51% attack vulnerability, organizations using blockchain technology, core requirements for business blockchain, key principles for security threats elimination, comparison between blockchain and banking ledgers, popular consensus algorithms, network conditions for blockchain technology, steps for blockchain project implementation, and a real-life use case of storej decentralized file storage solution.', 'duration': 544.881, 'highlights': ['Off-chain Transactions Off-chain transactions in cryptocurrency networks move values outside the blockchain, gaining popularity due to their low or zero cost, especially among large participants.', 'Anonymity and Pseudonymity Anonymity networks enable users to access the network while preventing tracking or tracing of their identity, while pseudonymity allows long-term relationships without disclosing personal identifying information.', '51% Attack Vulnerability Controlling 51% of the computing power in a blockchain network allows attackers to interfere with block recording, potentially monopolizing new block mining and earning all rewards, posing the risk of double spending and loss of confidence in the network.', 'Core Requirements for Business Blockchain A business blockchain requires a shared ledger, privacy and permissions, smart contracts, and a consensus algorithm for block validation.', 'Security Threats Elimination Principles for eliminating security threats include proper auditing, role-based access control, testing, secure and encrypted distributed ledger, continuity planning, and workforce training.', 'Popular Consensus Algorithms Popular consensus mechanisms include BBFT, Proof of Work, Proof of Stake, Proof of Burn, Delegated Proof of Stake, and Proof of Elapsed Time, each catering to different business models and optimizing storage, performance, and security.', 'Blockchain Project Implementation Steps The six steps for blockchain project implementation include requirement identification, idea screening, successful project development, feasibility study, and project controlling and monitoring.', 'StoreJ Decentralized File Storage Solution StoreJ is an open-source, decentralized file storage solution that uses encryption, file sharding, and a blockchain-based hash table to ensure faster, cheaper, and private cloud file storage, addressing limitations and privacy issues of traditional cloud storage solutions.']}, {'end': 15492.519, 'start': 15128.38, 'title': 'Understanding sidechains and blockchain scalability', 'summary': 'Discusses sidechains, scalability issues in blockchain, alternatives to blockchain, and methods to scale blockchain technology, including lightning network, segwit, increasing block size, and sharding. it also highlights decentralized blockchain-based applications for the next level of the internet.', 'duration': 364.139, 'highlights': ['Scalability is emerging as a serious issue in blockchain with transaction data piling up, causing strain and buckling of the current system. The current system is beginning to strain under its own weight, with transaction data piling up and the blockchain in danger of buckling.', 'Sharding is a scaling technique that divides the transaction load into different shards, enabling parallel processing and horizontal scaling, dramatically improving transaction speeds. Sharding divides the transaction load into different shards, enabling parallel processing and horizontal scaling, dramatically improving transaction speeds.', 'Sidechains are separate blockchains attached to a parent blockchain, enabling interchangeability of assets at a predetermined rate between them. Sidechains are separate blockchains attached to a parent blockchain, enabling interchangeability of assets at a predetermined rate.', 'Alternatives to blockchain include Hashgraph, a new consensus alternative using a gossip protocol, and methods to scale blockchain technology such as lightning network, SegWit, increasing block size, and sharding. Alternatives to blockchain include Hashgraph, a new consensus alternative using a gossip protocol, and methods to scale blockchain technology such as lightning network, SegWit, increasing block size, and sharding.', 'Decentralized blockchain-based applications include browsers like brave browser, storage file systems like Store J and IPFS, operating systems like Essentia and EOS, and social networks like Steemit. Decentralized blockchain-based applications include browsers like brave browser, storage file systems like Store J and IPFS, operating systems like Essentia and EOS, and social networks like Steemit.']}], 'duration': 973.484, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/QCvL-DWcojc/pics/QCvL-DWcojc14519035.jpg', 'highlights': ['Secret sharing allows data to be stored in a decentralized way across n parties, with benefits in blockchain technology.', 'Off-chain transactions in cryptocurrency networks gain popularity due to low or zero cost, especially among large participants.', 'Anonymity networks enable users to access the network while preventing tracking or tracing of their identity.', '51% attack vulnerability allows attackers to interfere with block recording, posing the risk of double spending and loss of confidence in the network.', 'Business blockchain requires a shared ledger, privacy and permissions, smart contracts, and a consensus algorithm for block validation.', 'Principles for eliminating security threats include proper auditing, role-based access control, testing, secure and encrypted distributed ledger, continuity planning, and workforce training.', 'Popular consensus mechanisms include BBFT, Proof of Work, Proof of Stake, Proof of Burn, Delegated Proof of Stake, and Proof of Elapsed Time.', 'StoreJ is an open-source, decentralized file storage solution that uses encryption, file sharding, and a blockchain-based hash table to ensure faster, cheaper, and private cloud file storage.', 'Scalability is emerging as a serious issue in blockchain with transaction data piling up, causing strain and buckling of the current system.', 'Sharding is a scaling technique that divides the transaction load into different shards, enabling parallel processing and horizontal scaling, dramatically improving transaction speeds.', 'Sidechains are separate blockchains attached to a parent blockchain, enabling interchangeability of assets at a predetermined rate between them.', 'Alternatives to blockchain include Hashgraph, lightning network, SegWit, increasing block size, and sharding.', 'Decentralized blockchain-based applications include browsers like brave browser, storage file systems like Store J and IPFS, operating systems like Essentia and EOS, and social networks like Steemit.']}], 'highlights': ['Blockchain ensures decentralization and transparency, offering security and immutability.', 'Blockchain transactions are validated by miners solving complex mathematical puzzles, ensuring the integrity of the ledger.', 'Blockchain ensures security and immutability by validating and logging every transaction, making it difficult to manipulate.', 'Ethereum enables decentralized app development with smart contracts, expanding beyond cryptocurrencies.', 'Smart contracts automate processes with precision, saving time and minimizing chances of human error.', 'Hyperledger maintains confidentiality by allowing only the involved parties to update their ledgers, ensuring privacy and security.', 'Blockchain wallets offer multiple layers of security and various security techniques, making transactions secure, with transactions being irreversible if sent to the wrong address.', 'Bitcoin has a limit of 21 million bitcoins, with nearly 14 million created by 2016.', 'The potential for blockchain to revolutionize election and voting processes, secure personal information, prevent vote frauds, and increase voter turnout by providing convenient and secure voting options, leading to a significant transformation in the domain.', 'The increasing popularity of blockchain has resulted in a surge in demand for blockchain education and learning resources.']}