title
Nationalism Debate: Yaron Brook and Yoram Hazony | Lex Fridman Podcast #256

description
Yaron Brook is an objectivist. Yoram Hazony is a national conservative. This is a conversation and debate about national conservatism vs individualism. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Noom: https://trynoom.com/lex - InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex and use code Lex25 to get 25% off - SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free security camera - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free - Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium EPISODE LINKS: Yaron's Twitter: https://twitter.com/yaronbrook Yaron's YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/ybrook Yoram's Twitter: https://twitter.com/yhazony Yoram's Website: https://www.yoramhazony.org/ Yaron Brook's Books: In Pursuit of Wealth: https://amzn.to/3qmXuGo Equal Is Unfair: https://amzn.to/3FopKOV Yoram Hazony's Books: Conservatism: https://amzn.to/3sv0Nhe The Virtue of Nationalism: https://amzn.to/3mtxqs6 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Full episodes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOeciFP3CBCIEElOJeitOr41 OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 2:37 - Conservatism 8:32 - Importance of history 20:35 - Rationalism vs empiricism 26:05 - Communism 34:08 - Otto von Bismarck 38:30 - Edmund Burke and the French Revolution 43:17 - USA's founding fathers 56:12 - Founding documents 1:18:01 - Cohesion and Individualism 1:38:54 - Love and relationships 1:47:06 - Individual freedom 2:01:34 - Having children 2:15:19 - Reason vs emotions 2:22:09 - Nationalism 2:34:22 - Finding love 2:46:09 - Hope for the future 2:51:33 - Meaning of life SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman - Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman

detail
{'title': 'Nationalism Debate: Yaron Brook and Yoram Hazony | Lex Fridman Podcast #256', 'heatmap': [], 'summary': "Features a debate on nationalism with yaron brook and yoram hazoni, discusses conservatism, ayn rand's views, american revolution, individualism, moral implications, and ayn rand's philosophy's impact on family values and diverse nations.", 'chapters': [{'end': 147.783, 'segs': [{'end': 31.753, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 0.089, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3.991, 'text': 'The following is a conversation with Yaron Brook and Yoram Hazoni.', 'start': 0.089, 'duration': 3.902}, {'end': 9.135, 'text': "This is Yaron's third time on this podcast and Yaron's first time.", 'start': 4.552, 'duration': 4.583}, {'end': 19.061, 'text': 'Yaron Brook is an objectivist philosopher, chairman of the Ayn Rand Institute, host of the Yaron Brook Show and the co-author of Free Market,', 'start': 9.995, 'duration': 9.066}, {'end': 21.482, 'text': 'Revolution and Equal is Unfair.', 'start': 19.061, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 31.753, 'text': 'Yoram Hazoni is a national conservatism thinker, chairman of the Edmund Burke Foundation that hosted the National Conservatism Conference.', 'start': 22.483, 'duration': 9.27}], 'summary': 'Yaron brook, objectivist philosopher, and yoram hazoni, national conservatism thinker, discuss their backgrounds and affiliations.', 'duration': 31.664, 'max_score': 0.089, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I89.jpg'}, {'end': 147.783, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 77.931, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 78.892, 'text': "There's no structure.", 'start': 77.931, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 80.473, 'text': "There's no winners.", 'start': 78.912, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 84.037, 'text': 'Except, of course, just a bit of trash talking to keep it fun.', 'start': 81.114, 'duration': 2.923}, {'end': 86.72, 'text': 'Some of these topics will be very difficult.', 'start': 84.798, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 96.25, 'text': 'And I hope you can keep an open mind and have patience with me as kind of moderator who tries to bring out the best in each person and the ideas discussed.', 'start': 87.3, 'duration': 8.95}, {'end': 99.212, 'text': "Okay, that's my comment on the word debate.", 'start': 97.091, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 101.073, 'text': 'Now onto the word nationalism.', 'start': 99.632, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 109.896, 'text': 'This debate could have been called nationalism versus individualism, or national conservatism versus individualism,', 'start': 101.953, 'duration': 7.943}, {'end': 113.218, 'text': 'or just conservatism versus individualism.', 'start': 109.896, 'duration': 3.322}, {'end': 119.16, 'text': 'As we discuss in this episode, these words have slightly different meanings depending on who you ask.', 'start': 114.058, 'duration': 5.102}, {'end': 123.302, 'text': 'This is especially true, I think, for any word that ends in "-ism".', 'start': 119.6, 'duration': 3.702}, {'end': 127.925, 'text': 'I personally enjoy the discussion of the meaning of such philosophical words.', 'start': 124.242, 'duration': 3.683}, {'end': 133.21, 'text': "I don't think it's possible to arrive at a perfect definition that everybody agrees with,", 'start': 128.425, 'duration': 4.785}, {'end': 142.098, 'text': "but the process of trying to do so for a bit is interesting and productive, at least to me, as long as we don't get stuck there,", 'start': 133.21, 'duration': 8.888}, {'end': 145.14, 'text': 'as some folks sometimes do in these conversations.', 'start': 142.098, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 147.783, 'text': 'This is the Lex Friedman Podcast.', 'start': 146.141, 'duration': 1.642}], 'summary': 'Moderator discusses nationalism and individualism in the lex friedman podcast', 'duration': 69.852, 'max_score': 77.931, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I77931.jpg'}], 'start': 0.089, 'title': 'Nationalism debate', 'summary': 'Discusses the nationalism debate with yaron brook and yoram hazoni, presenting differing views on nationalism and individualism, emphasizing respectful conversation and empathetic exploration of ideas.', 'chapters': [{'end': 147.783, 'start': 0.089, 'title': 'Nationalism debate', 'summary': 'Discusses the nationalism debate featuring yaron brook and yoram hazoni, exploring differing views on nationalism and individualism, emphasizing the importance of respectful conversation and empathetic exploration of ideas.', 'duration': 147.694, 'highlights': ['The episode features a conversation between Yaron Brook, an objectivist philosopher, and Yoram Hazoni, a national conservatism thinker, discussing the tension between nationalism and individualism in a respectful and empathetic manner.', 'The discussion aims to explore differing views on nationalism and individualism without a strict debate structure, emphasizing the value of open-mindedness and patience as the moderator strives to bring out the best in each person and the ideas discussed.', 'The conversation delves into the meanings of philosophical words like nationalism and individualism, acknowledging the challenges in arriving at a universally accepted definition while highlighting the productive nature of attempting to do so.', 'The podcast is hosted by Lex Friedman and aims to engage in conversations that promote respectful dialogue and exploration of ideas, with a focus on understanding differing perspectives on complex topics.']}], 'duration': 147.694, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I89.jpg', 'highlights': ['The episode features a conversation between Yaron Brook, an objectivist philosopher, and Yoram Hazoni, a national conservatism thinker, discussing the tension between nationalism and individualism in a respectful and empathetic manner.', 'The discussion aims to explore differing views on nationalism and individualism without a strict debate structure, emphasizing the value of open-mindedness and patience as the moderator strives to bring out the best in each person and the ideas discussed.', 'The conversation delves into the meanings of philosophical words like nationalism and individualism, acknowledging the challenges in arriving at a universally accepted definition while highlighting the productive nature of attempting to do so.', 'The podcast is hosted by Lex Friedman and aims to engage in conversations that promote respectful dialogue and exploration of ideas, with a focus on understanding differing perspectives on complex topics.']}, {'end': 1517.637, 'segs': [{'end': 226.179, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 195.874, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 203.239, 'text': 'elaboration and restoration of tradition as the key to maintaining a nation and strengthening it through time.', 'start': 195.874, 'duration': 7.365}, {'end': 209.483, 'text': 'Okay, so this is something that, if you have time to talk about it, like we do on the show,', 'start': 204.019, 'duration': 5.464}, {'end': 215.548, 'text': "it's worth emphasizing that conservatism is not like liberalism or Marxism.", 'start': 209.483, 'duration': 6.065}, {'end': 226.179, 'text': "Liberalism and Marxism are both kind of universal theories and they claim to be able to tell you what's good for human beings at all times and all places.", 'start': 215.628, 'duration': 10.551}], 'summary': "Restoring tradition is key to nation's strength and differs from liberalism and marxism.", 'duration': 30.305, 'max_score': 195.874, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I195874.jpg'}, {'end': 457.147, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 430.086, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 437.572, 'text': "That's the fundamental element is the full history matters, and you cannot separate the individual from the history, from the roots.", 'start': 430.086, 'duration': 7.486}, {'end': 438.793, 'text': 'that they come from.', 'start': 438.192, 'duration': 0.601}, {'end': 444.557, 'text': "The parallel in political theory is what's called rationalism.", 'start': 438.993, 'duration': 5.564}, {'end': 447.019, 'text': "I guess we'll probably talk about that some.", 'start': 445.438, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 451.203, 'text': 'Rationalism is kind of an instantaneous, timeless thing.', 'start': 447.64, 'duration': 3.563}, {'end': 457.147, 'text': "Before I mentioned that liberalism and various enlightenment theories, they don't include time at all.", 'start': 451.243, 'duration': 5.904}], 'summary': 'History and roots are fundamental; rationalism lacks time in political theories.', 'duration': 27.061, 'max_score': 430.086, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I430086.jpg'}, {'end': 957.321, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 924.603, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 928.326, 'text': "That's a baseline for what we call conservatism.", 'start': 924.603, 'duration': 3.723}, {'end': 934.233, 'text': "Just a comment, so the trial and error, the errors, you're proud of the errors.", 'start': 928.871, 'duration': 5.362}, {'end': 936.634, 'text': "It's a feature, not a bug.", 'start': 935.033, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 939.355, 'text': 'You mentioned trial and error a few times yesterday.', 'start': 937.534, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 940.855, 'text': "It's a really interesting kind of idea.", 'start': 939.395, 'duration': 1.46}, {'end': 948.778, 'text': "It's basically accepting that the journey is going to have flaws, as opposed to saying, I mean, the..", 'start': 941.515, 'duration': 7.263}, {'end': 957.321, 'text': 'the conclusion there is the current system is flawed and it will always be flawed and you try to improve it.', 'start': 949.998, 'duration': 7.323}], 'summary': 'Conservatism embraces trial and error, accepting flaws to improve the system.', 'duration': 32.718, 'max_score': 924.603, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I924603.jpg'}, {'end': 1189.465, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1157.304, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1160.026, 'text': "It's sad that we did them because many of us knew they wouldn't work.", 'start': 1157.304, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 1161.727, 'text': 'We should learn the lesson.', 'start': 1160.666, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 1165.89, 'text': 'And I think that all of history now converges on one lesson.', 'start': 1161.987, 'duration': 3.903}, {'end': 1170.373, 'text': 'And that is what we need to do is build systems that protect individual freedom.', 'start': 1166.511, 'duration': 3.862}, {'end': 1171.875, 'text': 'That is the core.', 'start': 1170.854, 'duration': 1.021}, {'end': 1176.858, 'text': "That's what ultimately leads to human flourishing and human success and and human achievement.", 'start': 1171.915, 'duration': 4.943}, {'end': 1183.181, 'text': "and to the extent that we place anything above that individual, whether it's the state, whether it's the ethnicity, whether it's the race,", 'start': 1176.858, 'duration': 6.323}, {'end': 1189.465, 'text': "whether it's the bourgeois, whether it's whatever it happens to be a class or whatever, whenever we place something above the individual,", 'start': 1183.181, 'duration': 6.284}], 'summary': 'Build systems to protect individual freedom for human flourishing and success.', 'duration': 32.161, 'max_score': 1157.304, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I1157304.jpg'}, {'end': 1432.729, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1406.583, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1414.672, 'text': 'I think empiricism, the one thing I disagree is I think empiricism rarely comes to these abstractions.', 'start': 1406.583, 'duration': 8.089}, {'end': 1416.354, 'text': 'I mean, they want more facts.', 'start': 1414.712, 'duration': 1.642}, {'end': 1419.097, 'text': "It's always about collecting more evidence.", 'start': 1416.414, 'duration': 2.683}, {'end': 1425.223, 'text': 'But this is where I think Ayn Rand is so unusual and where I think..', 'start': 1419.777, 'duration': 5.446}, {'end': 1432.729, 'text': "There's something new here, right? And that's a bold statement given the history of philosophy, but I think Ayn Rand is something new.", 'start': 1426.084, 'duration': 6.645}], 'summary': 'Ayn rand offers a new perspective on empiricism and abstraction, challenging the need for more evidence.', 'duration': 26.146, 'max_score': 1406.583, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I1406583.jpg'}], 'start': 147.983, 'title': 'Evolution and principles of conservatism', 'summary': 'Explores the evolving nature of conservatism, integrating historical knowledge with reason, reevaluating tradition, building systems for individual freedom, and comparing rationalism with empiricism in political theory.', 'chapters': [{'end': 430.046, 'start': 147.983, 'title': 'Defining conservatism and its evolution', 'summary': 'Explores the debate between yaron brook and yoram hazoni on defining conservatism, discussing its principles, historical evolution, and its association with liberalism, emphasizing the contextual and evolving nature of conservatism.', 'duration': 282.063, 'highlights': ['The debate between Yaron Brook and Yoram Hazoni on defining conservatism and individualism, emphasizing the contextual and evolving nature of conservatism.', 'Conservatism is a political standpoint that regards the recovery, elaboration, and restoration of tradition as the key to maintaining a nation and strengthening it through time.', 'Conservatism is deeply rooted in the history of a particular area of land and carries different values in every nation, tribe, and family, competing loyalty groups.', 'The term conservatism has evolved over time, with a mix of liberalism into conservatism and confusion arising from varying interpretations of the term.', 'The essential idea of conservatism is its emphasis on time, contrasting with the instantaneous approach in physics.']}, {'end': 728.33, 'start': 430.086, 'title': 'History and reason in political theory', 'summary': 'Discusses the relationship between history and reason in political theory, contrasting rationalist views with a traditionalist perspective, emphasizing the importance of integrating historical knowledge with reason to derive universal principles.', 'duration': 298.244, 'highlights': ['Rationalism in political theory emphasizes universal human reason, disregarding time and tradition, while conservatism asserts the crucial role of history in shaping political and moral conclusions. Rationalism in political theory disregards time and tradition, emphasizing universal human reason, while conservatism asserts the crucial role of history in shaping political and moral conclusions.', 'The speaker rejects both the empirical view that derives everything from historical paths and the a priori view that divorces reason from history, advocating for integrating historical knowledge with reason to derive universal truths. The speaker rejects both the empirical view that derives everything from historical paths and the a priori view that divorces reason from history, advocating for integrating historical knowledge with reason to derive universal truths.', 'Reason is depicted as a tool for identifying and integrating the facts of reality, including the study of history, to derive universal principles for guiding actions and decisions. Reason is portrayed as a tool for identifying and integrating the facts of reality, including the study of history, to derive universal principles for guiding actions and decisions.']}, {'end': 1006.631, 'start': 728.33, 'title': 'Reevaluating tradition and building principles', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of reevaluating tradition, judging actions based on human well-being, and using trial and error to shape conservatism, with an emphasis on the need for improvement and the potential for a perfect system.', 'duration': 278.301, 'highlights': ['The recognition that people are wrong and the need to evaluate and judge actions of those who came before based on the standard of human well-being. Emphasizes the importance of evaluating and judging actions based on human well-being, acknowledging the potential for mistakes in traditions and the need for critical assessment.', 'The importance of studying and understanding bad periods in history to prevent their recurrence, and identifying cultures and periods that promoted human well-being and flourishing as good. Stresses the significance of studying detrimental historical periods to avoid repetition, while recognizing cultures and periods that contributed to human well-being and flourishing as positive examples.', "Conservative theorists' understanding of the tradition carrying mistakes and the society's role in trial and error for the search for truth, emphasizing the need to conserve, repair, and shape the tradition to make it better. Highlights the conservative theorists' recognition of mistakes within traditions, the societal role in trial and error for truth, and the need to conserve, repair, and shape tradition for improvement.", "Discussion on trial and error as a creative process and a feature of conservatism, emphasizing the acceptance of flaws in the system and the potential for improvement. Emphasizes the acceptance of flaws through trial and error and the potential for improvement, reflecting an optimistic approach to shaping conservatism and acknowledging the system's imperfections."]}, {'end': 1234.481, 'start': 1007.131, 'title': 'Building systems for individual freedom', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of learning from history to build systems that protect individual freedom, highlighting the flaws of various political experiments and emphasizing the need to prioritize individual freedom for human flourishing and success.', 'duration': 227.35, 'highlights': ['The Founding Fathers studied history and learned from other cultures, deriving principles that were close to an ideal, but not completely right, leading to the opportunity for improvement.', 'Insisting on incrementalism in politics and not prioritizing individual freedom is a mistake, as demonstrated by the negative consequences of placing anything above the individual throughout history.', 'Trials and errors in political experiments have led to significant human costs, as seen in the case of communism where 100 million people paid the price, highlighting the importance of learning from history and not repeating failed experiments.', 'Building systems that protect individual freedom is crucial for human flourishing, success, and achievement, as placing anything above the individual has consistently resulted in negative consequences throughout history.', 'The chapter emphasizes the tragic cycle of experimenting with different forms of collectivism, leading to missed opportunities for human flourishing, success, wealth, and prosperity, and the urgent need to prioritize individual freedom to avoid such consequences.']}, {'end': 1517.637, 'start': 1234.521, 'title': 'Rationalism vs empiricism', 'summary': "Discusses the concepts of rationalism and empiricism, comparing descartes' rationalism with hume's empiricism and introducing ayn rand's alternative approach, emphasizing the use of axiomatic knowledge and empirical evidence to arrive at truths, similar to the scientific method.", 'duration': 283.116, 'highlights': ['Ayn Rand proposes an alternative approach to rationalism and empiricism, advocating the integration of axiomatic knowledge and empirical evidence to arrive at truths, akin to the scientific method, emphasizing the contextual nature of truth and its susceptibility to change based on new evidence.', 'Descartes, as a rationalist, emphasizes starting from scratch, setting aside inherited knowledge, critically evaluating the past, and deducing infallible conclusions from self-evident premises.', 'Hume, an empiricist, proposes a science of man based on observations of human nature and societies, aiming to derive fixed principles for describing them, leading to fields such as economics, sociology, and anthropology.']}], 'duration': 1369.654, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I147983.jpg', 'highlights': ['Conservatism emphasizes the contextual and evolving nature of tradition and history.', 'Rationalism in political theory disregards time and tradition, while conservatism asserts the crucial role of history.', 'Conservative theorists recognize mistakes within traditions and advocate for trial and error to shape tradition for improvement.', 'Building systems that protect individual freedom is crucial for human flourishing and success.', 'Ayn Rand advocates the integration of axiomatic knowledge and empirical evidence to arrive at truths.']}, {'end': 2748.877, 'segs': [{'end': 1563.729, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1517.677, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 1523.902, 'text': 'We discovered that what we thought was true is not true, and it can happen in politics and ethics even more so than in science,', 'start': 1517.677, 'duration': 6.225}, {'end': 1526.664, 'text': "because they're much messier fields.", 'start': 1523.902, 'duration': 2.762}, {'end': 1533.169, 'text': "But the idea is that you can come to a truth, but it's not just deductive.", 'start': 1527.304, 'duration': 5.865}, {'end': 1535.551, 'text': 'Most truths are inductive.', 'start': 1533.589, 'duration': 1.962}, {'end': 1542.116, 'text': "We learn from observing reality and, again, coming to principles about what works and what's not.", 'start': 1536.191, 'duration': 5.925}, {'end': 1544.057, 'text': 'And here I think this is..', 'start': 1542.696, 'duration': 1.361}, {'end': 1545.779, 'text': 'Ayn Rand is different.', 'start': 1544.838, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 1550.401, 'text': "She doesn't fall into the, and she's different in her politics and she's different in her epistemology.", 'start': 1545.839, 'duration': 4.562}, {'end': 1553.483, 'text': "She doesn't fall into the conventional view.", 'start': 1550.441, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 1556.624, 'text': "She's an opponent of Hume and she's an opponent of Descartes.", 'start': 1553.563, 'duration': 3.061}, {'end': 1558.685, 'text': "She's certainly an opponent of Kant.", 'start': 1557.465, 'duration': 1.22}, {'end': 1563.729, 'text': "And, you know, I think she's right, right? So.", 'start': 1560.186, 'duration': 3.543}], 'summary': 'Ayn rand challenges conventional views in politics and epistemology, advocating for inductive reasoning and principles based on observation.', 'duration': 46.052, 'max_score': 1517.677, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I1517677.jpg'}, {'end': 1618.484, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1587.498, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 1595.225, 'text': "I think the fundamental difference between rationalists and empiricists is the question of whether you're throwing away the past.", 'start': 1587.498, 'duration': 7.727}, {'end': 1597.067, 'text': "That's the argument.", 'start': 1595.926, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 1607.857, 'text': 'And it cashes out as a distinction between abstract universal rationalist political theories and empirical political theories.', 'start': 1597.628, 'duration': 10.229}, {'end': 1618.484, 'text': "Empirical political theories they're always going to say something like, look, there are many different societies.", 'start': 1607.957, 'duration': 10.527}], 'summary': 'Debate between rationalists and empiricists on political theories and societies.', 'duration': 30.986, 'max_score': 1587.498, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I1587498.jpg'}, {'end': 1807.835, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1780.517, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 1785.5, 'text': 'But historically, we actually have a more useful option, I think, for both of our positions.', 'start': 1780.517, 'duration': 4.983}, {'end': 1795.307, 'text': 'Instead of pretending that we like the actual communists, we have conservative statesmen like Disraeli and Bismarck,', 'start': 1785.72, 'duration': 9.587}, {'end': 1800.39, 'text': 'who initiated social legislation right?', 'start': 1795.307, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 1806.054, 'text': "The first step towards saying look, we're one nation.", 'start': 1801.651, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 1807.835, 'text': "We're undergoing industrialization.", 'start': 1806.254, 'duration': 1.581}], 'summary': 'Conservative statesmen like disraeli and bismarck initiated social legislation as a step towards national unity amidst industrialization.', 'duration': 27.318, 'max_score': 1780.517, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I1780517.jpg'}, {'end': 2008.472, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1977.938, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1987.521, 'text': "First, I don't view communism as something that radical in a sense that I think it comes from a tradition of collectivism.", 'start': 1977.938, 'duration': 9.583}, {'end': 1992.483, 'text': 'I think it comes from a tradition of looking at groups and measuring things in terms of groups.', 'start': 1988.141, 'duration': 4.342}, {'end': 1998.166, 'text': 'It comes from tradition where you expect some people to be sacrificed for the greater good of the whole.', 'start': 1993.183, 'duration': 4.983}, {'end': 2008.472, 'text': 'I think it comes from a tradition where mysticism or revelation as the source of truth is accepted.', 'start': 1999.507, 'duration': 8.965}], 'summary': 'Communism is rooted in collectivism, group measurements, sacrifice for the greater good, and acceptance of mysticism as truth source.', 'duration': 30.534, 'max_score': 1977.938, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I1977938.jpg'}, {'end': 2399.636, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2370.814, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 2377.92, 'text': 'Yes, Burke himself embraces the Polish Revolution, which takes place almost exactly at the same time as the French Revolution.', 'start': 2370.814, 'duration': 7.106}, {'end': 2379.821, 'text': "And the argument's really interesting,", 'start': 2378.52, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 2386.426, 'text': "because there's a common mistake is assuming that Burke and conservative thinkers are always in favor of slow change.", 'start': 2379.821, 'duration': 6.605}, {'end': 2389.709, 'text': "I think that's also just factually mistaken.", 'start': 2387.067, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 2399.636, 'text': 'Burke is against the French Revolution because he thinks that there are actually tried and true things that work,', 'start': 2391.05, 'duration': 8.586}], 'summary': 'Burke supports polish revolution, challenges assumption about conservative thinkers, emphasizes tried and true methods.', 'duration': 28.822, 'max_score': 2370.814, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I2370814.jpg'}, {'end': 2529.769, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2506.389, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 2516.374, 'text': "the whole thing has just been wrong and what we've really got to do is annihilate a certain part of the population and then make completely new laws in a completely new theory that that's what he's objecting to.", 'start': 2506.389, 'duration': 9.985}, {'end': 2521.057, 'text': "that's the french revolution, and that then becomes, you know, the model for for communist revolutions,", 'start': 2516.374, 'duration': 4.683}, {'end': 2526.168, 'text': 'And for me I mean the French Revolution is clearly a real evil and wrong,', 'start': 2521.647, 'duration': 4.521}, {'end': 2529.769, 'text': "but it's not that it was a revolution and it's not that it tried to change everything.", 'start': 2526.168, 'duration': 3.601}], 'summary': 'The french revolution is seen as an evil and wrong event, serving as a model for communist revolutions.', 'duration': 23.38, 'max_score': 2506.389, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I2506389.jpg'}, {'end': 2569.381, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2545.641, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 2553.268, 'text': 'The change was motivated by an egalitarian philosophy not egalitarian in a sense that I think the Founding Fathers talked about it,', 'start': 2545.641, 'duration': 7.627}, {'end': 2560.215, 'text': "but egalitarian in a sense of real equality, equality of outcome, motivated by a philosophy, by Rousseau's philosophy.", 'start': 2553.268, 'duration': 6.947}, {'end': 2569.381, 'text': 'And inevitably, you could tell that the ideas were going to lead to this, to massive destruction and death and the annihilation of a class.', 'start': 2560.835, 'duration': 8.546}], 'summary': 'Change motivated by egalitarian philosophy, leading to destruction and annihilation of a class.', 'duration': 23.74, 'max_score': 2545.641, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I2545641.jpg'}, {'end': 2662.088, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2635.67, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 2646.439, 'text': "they talk about the founding fathers as though it's kind of like this collective entity with a single brain and a single value system.", 'start': 2635.67, 'duration': 10.769}, {'end': 2651.884, 'text': "But I think at the time, that's not the way any of them saw it.", 'start': 2646.479, 'duration': 5.405}, {'end': 2653.966, 'text': "So roughly, there's two camps.", 'start': 2652.444, 'duration': 1.522}, {'end': 2662.088, 'text': 'and they map onto the rationalist versus traditionalist-empiricist dichotomy that I proposed earlier.', 'start': 2654.346, 'duration': 7.742}], 'summary': 'Founding fathers viewed in two camps: rationalist versus traditionalist-empiricist.', 'duration': 26.418, 'max_score': 2635.67, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I2635670.jpg'}], 'start': 1517.677, 'title': "Ayn rand's views and political criticism", 'summary': "Discusses ayn rand's unconventional views challenging traditional philosophers, criticism of communism and socialism, and conservatism's relation to revolutions, highlighting key perspectives and contrasting viewpoints.", 'chapters': [{'end': 1563.729, 'start': 1517.677, 'title': "Ayn rand's unconventional views", 'summary': 'Discusses the unconventional views of ayn rand in politics and epistemology, challenging traditional philosophers like hume, descartes, and kant, and emphasizing the inductive nature of truth.', 'duration': 46.052, 'highlights': ['Ayn Rand challenges traditional philosophers like Hume, Descartes, and Kant, offering a different perspective on politics and epistemology.', "The process of coming to truth is primarily inductive, based on observing reality and deriving principles from what works and what doesn't.", "Ayn Rand's opposition to conventional views in politics and epistemology is emphasized, presenting a unique perspective on truth and knowledge."]}, {'end': 2309.86, 'start': 1564.109, 'title': 'Criticism of communism and socialism', 'summary': "Discusses the failure of communism, the distinction between rationalists and empiricists, the conservative tradition, and the impact of bismarck's social legislation, highlighting the conservative skepticism and the dangers of sacrificing individuals for the greater good.", 'duration': 745.751, 'highlights': ['The distinction between rationalists and empiricists lies in their approach to societies, with rationalists favoring abstract universal theories and empiricists advocating for a diversity of societies, leading to conservative skepticism and tolerance for different kinds of society.', "The impact of Bismarck's social legislation is highlighted, emphasizing the conservative response to industrialization and the recognition of its impact on society's cohesion, leading to the initiation of minimal social programs.", "The discussion delves into the dangers of collectivism, emphasizing the tradition of sacrificing individuals for the greater good, the replacement of God with the proletarian in Marx's ideology, and the negative consequences of placing the state above the individual in Bismarck's approach, leading to the outcomes of communism and fascism.", 'The critique of public education is presented, focusing on the negative implications of a state-determined standard, lack of individual choice, limited competition and innovation, and the dominance of political agendas, highlighting the need for market-driven efficiency in delivering education.']}, {'end': 2748.877, 'start': 2309.86, 'title': 'Conservatism and revolution', 'summary': "Discusses the roots of conservatism, its relation to revolutions, and the contrasting views of the founding fathers of the united states, emphasizing burke's perspectives and highlighting the french and polish revolutions.", 'duration': 439.017, 'highlights': ["Burke's perspective on the French and Polish revolutions Burke supports the Polish Revolution as a 'good revolution' and criticizes the French Revolution for moving away from established principles, emphasizing the importance of slow or rapid improvement based on experience.", "Conservative objection to revolutionary approaches Conservatives object to revolutionary approaches that seek to annihilate a certain part of the population and create completely new laws and theories, as exemplified by the French Revolution's model for communist revolutions.", "Founding fathers' contrasting views The founding fathers of the United States encompassed both conservative and individualist ideas, with Jefferson and Paine representing the revolutionary camp, while acknowledging the multiplicity of viewpoints among them.", "Rousseau's influence and the French Revolution The French Revolution, influenced by Rousseau's philosophy, led to egalitarian motivations resulting in massive destruction and the annihilation of a class, highlighting the dangers of certain revolutionary ideologies.", "Role of reason in political and moral problems Paine's manifesto in 'The Age of Reason' and the influence of Rousseau's 'The Social Contract' reflect a rationalist approach to history, contrasting with Burke's emphasis on experience and established principles."]}], 'duration': 1231.2, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I1517677.jpg', 'highlights': ['Ayn Rand challenges traditional philosophers, offering a different perspective on politics and epistemology.', "The process of coming to truth is primarily inductive, based on observing reality and deriving principles from what works and what doesn't.", 'The distinction between rationalists and empiricists lies in their approach to societies, with rationalists favoring abstract universal theories and empiricists advocating for a diversity of societies.', "The impact of Bismarck's social legislation is highlighted, emphasizing the conservative response to industrialization and the recognition of its impact on society's cohesion.", 'The discussion delves into the dangers of collectivism, emphasizing the tradition of sacrificing individuals for the greater good and the negative consequences of placing the state above the individual.', "Burke's perspective on the French and Polish revolutions, emphasizing the importance of slow or rapid improvement based on experience.", 'Conservative objection to revolutionary approaches, objecting to annihilating a certain part of the population and creating completely new laws and theories.', "Founding fathers' contrasting views, encompassing both conservative and individualist ideas, acknowledging the multiplicity of viewpoints among them.", "Rousseau's influence and the French Revolution, leading to egalitarian motivations resulting in massive destruction and the annihilation of a class, highlighting the dangers of certain revolutionary ideologies."]}, {'end': 4710.086, 'segs': [{'end': 2849.081, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2822.137, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2826.142, 'text': 'in the Pennsylvania Constitution and then later in the National Assembly in France.', 'start': 2822.137, 'duration': 4.005}, {'end': 2827.523, 'text': "It's a disaster.", 'start': 2826.703, 'duration': 0.82}, {'end': 2828.745, 'text': "The thing doesn't work.", 'start': 2827.543, 'duration': 1.202}, {'end': 2830.126, 'text': "It's completely made up.", 'start': 2829.065, 'duration': 1.061}, {'end': 2836.514, 'text': "It's neither based on historical experience nor is it based on historical custom, on what people are used to.", 'start': 2830.166, 'duration': 6.348}, {'end': 2844.618, 'text': "And what they succeed in creating with this first constitution is it's wonderfully rational, but it's a complete disaster.", 'start': 2837.114, 'duration': 7.504}, {'end': 2847.3, 'text': "It doesn't allow the raising of taxes.", 'start': 2844.638, 'duration': 2.662}, {'end': 2849.081, 'text': "It doesn't allow the mustering of troops.", 'start': 2847.4, 'duration': 1.681}], 'summary': 'The first constitution of pennsylvania and france was a disaster, not allowing taxes or troops.', 'duration': 26.944, 'max_score': 2822.137, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I2822137.jpg'}, {'end': 3254.227, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3226.707, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 3237.475, 'text': 'one that America not just paid for with the Civil War 600,000 young men died because of it but the suffering of Black slaves for all those years.', 'start': 3226.707, 'duration': 10.768}, {'end': 3248.223, 'text': 'But then the whole issue of racial tensions in this country for for a century to this day, really, is a consequence of that initial compromise.', 'start': 3237.996, 'duration': 10.227}, {'end': 3254.227, 'text': "Who knows what the counterfactual is in America if there's a civil war right at the founding right?", 'start': 3248.243, 'duration': 5.984}], 'summary': '600,000 young men died in the civil war, leading to lasting racial tensions in the us.', 'duration': 27.52, 'max_score': 3226.707, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I3226707.jpg'}, {'end': 3518.672, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3489.052, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3497.698, 'text': 'And what the Federalist Party does, the Nationalist Conservative Party does, is a counter-revolution to reinstate the old English constitution.', 'start': 3489.052, 'duration': 8.646}, {'end': 3506.444, 'text': "So these documents are if you're willing to accept the evidence of history, they are in many respects contrary to one another.", 'start': 3498.079, 'duration': 8.365}, {'end': 3518.672, 'text': "And so, if I'm asked what's the most important values that are handed down by these documents, I don't have an objection to life,", 'start': 3507.144, 'duration': 11.528}], 'summary': 'The nationalist conservative party aims to reinstate the old english constitution as a counter-revolution.', 'duration': 29.62, 'max_score': 3489.052, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I3489052.jpg'}, {'end': 3910.492, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3882.1, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 3888.582, 'text': "It's anti-individualistic, the French Revolution is, whereas the American Revolution, the first one, is individualistic.", 'start': 3882.1, 'duration': 6.482}, {'end': 3890.143, 'text': "It's all about individual rights.", 'start': 3888.642, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 3895.178, 'text': "And while there's certain phrases in the Declaration of Independence that I don't agree with.", 'start': 3890.223, 'duration': 4.955}, {'end': 3900.422, 'text': "It's beautifully written and it's a magnificent document, so it's hard for me to say I don't agree.", 'start': 3896.018, 'duration': 4.404}, {'end': 3902.865, 'text': 'Who am I? These were giants.', 'start': 3900.442, 'duration': 2.423}, {'end': 3904.946, 'text': 'Self-evident is one of them.', 'start': 3903.785, 'duration': 1.161}, {'end': 3910.492, 'text': "I'm not particularly crazy about Endowed by the Creator.", 'start': 3906.548, 'duration': 3.944}], 'summary': 'French revolution anti-individualistic, american revolution individualistic, focused on individual rights.', 'duration': 28.392, 'max_score': 3882.1, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I3882100.jpg'}, {'end': 4111.023, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4085.099, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 4090.947, 'text': 'There was nothing to unify, there was nothing to really protect the vision of the Declaration.', 'start': 4085.099, 'duration': 5.848}, {'end': 4096.372, 'text': 'You needed to establish a nation, which is what the Constitution does, it establishes a nation.', 'start': 4091.567, 'duration': 4.805}, {'end': 4105.2, 'text': 'But the purpose of that was to put everybody under one set of laws that protected rights.', 'start': 4097.095, 'duration': 8.105}, {'end': 4107.841, 'text': 'The focus was still on the protection of rights.', 'start': 4105.88, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 4111.023, 'text': 'And I agree with six of the seven of the principles.', 'start': 4107.861, 'duration': 3.162}], 'summary': 'The constitution establishes a nation, protecting rights under one set of laws.', 'duration': 25.924, 'max_score': 4085.099, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I4085099.jpg'}, {'end': 4295.715, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4270.59, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 4279.68, 'text': "The purpose is to preserve rights, and that's why we need to elaborate what those rights and Madison's objection to the Bill of Rights was to say.", 'start': 4270.59, 'duration': 9.09}, {'end': 4288.088, 'text': 'not that he objected to having protection of rights, But to listing them, because he was worried that other rights that were not listed would not be,', 'start': 4279.68, 'duration': 8.408}, {'end': 4291.051, 'text': "and his worry was completely justified, because it's exactly what's happened.", 'start': 4288.088, 'duration': 2.963}, {'end': 4295.715, 'text': "It's like the only reason we have free speech in America is we've got it in writing as a First Amendment.", 'start': 4291.391, 'duration': 4.324}], 'summary': 'Madison objected to listing rights, fearing omission, now justified by the need for written protection.', 'duration': 25.125, 'max_score': 4270.59, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I4270590.jpg'}, {'end': 4693.739, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4668.868, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 4675.052, 'text': "That is the rights are not, you can't secure those rights without having a nation, but the nation is just a means to an end.", 'start': 4668.868, 'duration': 6.184}, {'end': 4676.453, 'text': 'The end is the rights.', 'start': 4675.132, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 4678.435, 'text': "And I think that's how the founders understood it.", 'start': 4676.513, 'duration': 1.922}, {'end': 4680.776, 'text': "And that's why they created this kind of country.", 'start': 4678.535, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 4685.36, 'text': 'I think this is a good place to ask about common welfare and cohesion.', 'start': 4681.617, 'duration': 3.743}, {'end': 4693.739, 'text': 'Let me say what John Donne wrote that, quote, no man is an island entire of itself.', 'start': 4687.256, 'duration': 6.483}], 'summary': 'Nation is a means to secure rights, as understood by the founders, emphasizing common welfare and cohesion.', 'duration': 24.871, 'max_score': 4668.868, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I4668868.jpg'}], 'start': 2749.097, 'title': 'American revolution and founding fathers', 'summary': 'Discusses the american revolution, articles of confederation, the federalist party, debates among the founding fathers, mistakes made by jefferson, impact on america, differences between american and french revolutions, and the focus on protecting individual rights in the constitution and declaration of independence.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2844.618, 'start': 2749.097, 'title': 'American revolution and the articles of confederation', 'summary': 'Discusses the american revolution and the 10-year period after the declaration of independence, focusing on the formation and shortcomings of the first constitution, the articles of confederation, which was based on new ideas but ultimately proved to be a disaster.', 'duration': 95.521, 'highlights': ['The first constitution of America, the Articles of Confederation, was based on new ideas such as having one elected body, Congress, serving as the executive, legislative, and everything else, which was influenced by the ideas of the French Revolution.', 'The Articles of Confederation, while wonderfully rational, proved to be a complete disaster as it was not based on historical experience or customary practices, resulting in its failure.', 'The chapter highlights the 10-year period after the declaration of independence, during which America had its first constitution, the Articles of Confederation, but it ultimately failed to work effectively.']}, {'end': 3123.689, 'start': 2844.638, 'title': 'The founding fathers and the federalists', 'summary': 'Discusses the conservative nature of the federalist party, their influence on the second constitution, and the debates and disagreements among the founding fathers, emphasizing the success of key ideas at the founding of the country.', 'duration': 279.051, 'highlights': ['The Federalist Party, composed of conservatives, played a significant role in the creation of the second constitution of the United States in 1787. The Federalist Party, led by Washington, aimed to create an independent nation and replicate the English government in the new constitution, which was considered democratic despite potential legal issues.', 'The Federalists were closely aligned with the Nationalist Party and aimed to establish a unified national government with enough power to defend the people, leading to the adoption of an English-style constitution. The Federalists, often referred to as the Nationalist Party, sought to consolidate power in a national government and replicate the English legal traditions, leading to opposition from the Jeffersonians.', 'The chapter emphasizes the debates and disagreements among the founding fathers, highlighting their diverse perspectives and the relative freedom provided by the British tradition. The chapter underscores the debates and disagreements among the founding fathers, with an emphasis on the relative freedom offered by the British tradition and the rational approach of Paine and Jefferson in considering historical problems and the context of 18th-century Europe.']}, {'end': 3402.721, 'start': 3124.87, 'title': 'Founding mistakes and their impact', 'summary': 'Discusses the founding mistakes made by jefferson, including slavery and support for the french revolution, and their impact on america, leading to racial tensions and heavy government involvement in the economy.', 'duration': 277.851, 'highlights': ["America's suffering from the impact of founding compromises made by Jefferson, including slavery and racial tensions, which resulted in the Civil War and continued racial issues. The compromise of slavery led to the Civil War where 600,000 young men died, and racial tensions have persisted for centuries as a consequence of America's initial compromise.", "Jefferson's embrace of public education and founding of the University of Virginia is considered a tragic mistake with lasting impact. The speaker views Jefferson's embrace of public education and founding of the University of Virginia as a tragic mistake, impacting the country in a negative way.", 'The debate between Jefferson and Hamilton about banking and government involvement in the economy is discussed, leading to a path of heavy government regulation and involvement in all aspects of the economy and life. The debate between Jefferson and Hamilton about banking led to heavy government involvement in the economy, resulting in extensive regulation that now encompasses every aspect of American life.']}, {'end': 4043.416, 'start': 3403.161, 'title': 'Debating american revolution', 'summary': 'Discusses the differences between the american and french revolutions, highlighting the individualistic nature of the former and the collectivistic aspect of the latter, while emphasizing the significance of the declaration of independence as a profound political document.', 'duration': 640.255, 'highlights': ["The American Revolution is a rejection of Rousseau's ideas and is about the rights of the individual, while the French Revolution is collectivistic and a rebellion against a certain class. The transcript emphasizes the deep philosophical differences between the American and French Revolutions, highlighting the individualistic nature of the former and the collectivistic aspect of the latter.", 'The Declaration of Independence is considered the greatest political document in human history, identifying the core principles of humanity and the role of government in preserving inalienable rights. The significance of the Declaration of Independence as a profound political document is emphasized, regarding it as the greatest political document in human history, identifying core principles of humanity and the role of government in preserving inalienable rights.', 'The chapter discusses the counter-revolutionary aspect of the Constitution of 1787, contrasting it with the revolution based on certain principles and the later ideas of the French Revolution. The transcript discusses the counter-revolutionary aspect of the Constitution of 1787, contrasting it with the revolution based on certain principles and the later ideas of the French Revolution.']}, {'end': 4710.086, 'start': 4043.737, 'title': 'Constitution vs declaration: protecting individual rights', 'summary': "Discusses the key differences and similarities between the constitution and the declaration, emphasizing the focus on protecting individual rights and the purpose of a more perfect union while highlighting the flaws in the bill of rights and the founding fathers' understanding of the role of a nation in securing rights.", 'duration': 666.349, 'highlights': ['The purpose of the more perfect union is to preserve the liberty of the individuals within that union, with an emphasis on protecting individual rights. The discussion emphasizes that the Constitution aims to preserve the liberty of individuals within the union, focusing on protecting individual rights as a fundamental purpose.', 'Flaws in the Bill of Rights are highlighted, particularly the failure to list certain rights, leading to potential violations and the necessity of explicitly listing rights. The flaws in the Bill of Rights are discussed, including the failure to list certain rights, which could lead to potential violations, emphasizing the necessity of explicitly listing rights to prevent their infringement.', "The founders' understanding of the role of a nation in securing rights is explored, emphasizing that the nation is a means to an end, with the end being the protection of individual rights. The discussion delves into the founders' understanding of the role of a nation in securing rights, highlighting that the nation is viewed as a means to an end, which is the protection of individual rights.", "The importance of a more perfect union in preserving individual liberties and the common defense is emphasized, with a focus on limiting the government's ability to violate individual rights. The importance of a more perfect union in preserving individual liberties and common defense is highlighted, with an emphasis on limiting the government's ability to violate individual rights."]}], 'duration': 1960.989, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I2749097.jpg', 'highlights': ['The Articles of Confederation, influenced by the French Revolution, proved to be a disaster due to lack of historical experience.', 'The Federalist Party, led by Washington, aimed to create an independent nation and replicate the English government in the new constitution.', "America's suffering from the impact of founding compromises made by Jefferson, including slavery and racial tensions, resulted in the Civil War and continued racial issues.", "The American Revolution is a rejection of Rousseau's ideas and is about the rights of the individual, while the French Revolution is collectivistic and a rebellion against a certain class.", 'The Constitution aims to preserve the liberty of individuals within the union, focusing on protecting individual rights as a fundamental purpose.', 'Flaws in the Bill of Rights are highlighted, particularly the failure to list certain rights, leading to potential violations and the necessity of explicitly listing rights.', "The founders' understanding of the role of a nation in securing rights is explored, emphasizing that the nation is a means to an end, with the end being the protection of individual rights."]}, {'end': 6201.867, 'segs': [{'end': 4791.078, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4733.007, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 4742.83, 'text': 'So Iran said that the beauty of the founding documents is that they create a cohesive union that protects the individual freedoms.', 'start': 4733.007, 'duration': 9.823}, {'end': 4752.113, 'text': 'But you have spoken about the value of the union, the common welfare, the cohesion in itself.', 'start': 4743.63, 'duration': 8.483}, {'end': 4760.637, 'text': 'So can you maybe elaborate on what is the role of cohesion and the collective, not to use that term,', 'start': 4753.173, 'duration': 7.464}, {'end': 4765.702, 'text': 'but multiple humans together connected in the human condition? Sure.', 'start': 4760.637, 'duration': 5.065}, {'end': 4773.507, 'text': 'I keep getting the feeling that Jeroen and I are actually having a disagreement about empirical reality, because I think that Enlightenment,', 'start': 4765.942, 'duration': 7.565}, {'end': 4779.811, 'text': 'rationalist political thought features the individual, it features the state.', 'start': 4773.507, 'duration': 6.304}, {'end': 4788.276, 'text': "There isn't really a nation other than the nation, the people as a collective is created by the state.", 'start': 4780.812, 'duration': 7.464}, {'end': 4791.078, 'text': 'And when the state disappears, then the collective disappears.', 'start': 4788.336, 'duration': 2.742}], 'summary': 'Discussion on the role of cohesion and collective in protecting individual freedoms and the formation of the nation-state.', 'duration': 58.071, 'max_score': 4733.007, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I4733007.jpg'}, {'end': 4924.678, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4894.877, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4899.28, 'text': "There's competition within the hierarchy who's going to be the leader, who's going to be number two?", 'start': 4894.877, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 4906.606, 'text': 'but everywhere you look in human societies, universally, there are groups.', 'start': 4899.28, 'duration': 7.326}, {'end': 4910.449, 'text': "the groups compete and they're structured internally as hierarchies.", 'start': 4906.606, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 4913.772, 'text': 'and then there are internal competitions for who leads the different groups.', 'start': 4910.449, 'duration': 3.323}, {'end': 4924.678, 'text': 'And when we think about scientific explanation, we allow that there are different levels of explanation that a macroscopic object like a table.', 'start': 4914.932, 'duration': 9.746}], 'summary': 'Competition for leadership within hierarchies is universal in human societies.', 'duration': 29.801, 'max_score': 4894.877, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I4894877.jpg'}, {'end': 5042.644, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5007.574, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 5009.576, 'text': "That doesn't mean that they lose their individuality.", 'start': 5007.574, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 5017.423, 'text': "Within the group, they may still continue competing with one another, but that doesn't mean that there isn't, in reality, a bond.", 'start': 5010.417, 'duration': 7.006}, {'end': 5026.391, 'text': 'And that real bond is the stuff of which political events and political history are made, is the coming together,', 'start': 5017.483, 'duration': 8.908}, {'end': 5031.015, 'text': 'the cohesion and the dissolution of these bonded loyalty groups.', 'start': 5026.391, 'duration': 4.624}, {'end': 5033.697, 'text': "That's the reality of politics.", 'start': 5031.075, 'duration': 2.622}, {'end': 5042.644, 'text': "And so when I hear these discussions about individuals in the state, I feel like we're missing most of the reality.", 'start': 5034.457, 'duration': 8.187}], 'summary': 'Political events are shaped by bonded loyalty groups, not just individuals.', 'duration': 35.07, 'max_score': 5007.574, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I5007574.jpg'}, {'end': 5265.387, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5240.465, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 5248.812, 'text': 'and politically, from a political perspective, voluntary ones, ones in which we join when we want to join and we can leave when we want to leave,', 'start': 5240.465, 'duration': 8.347}, {'end': 5258.26, 'text': 'and ones that help us and, clearly, groups help us pursue whatever it is our goal is ultimately.', 'start': 5248.812, 'duration': 9.448}, {'end': 5265.387, 'text': "So, in the pursuit of happiness, there are lots of groups that one wants to form, whether it's marriage, whether it's businesses,", 'start': 5258.36, 'duration': 7.027}], 'summary': 'Voluntary groups aid pursuit of happiness, including marriage and businesses.', 'duration': 24.922, 'max_score': 5240.465, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I5240465.jpg'}, {'end': 5393.616, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5371.172, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 5379.187, 'text': 'The history of human beings is a history of gaining knowledge and part of the knowledge is the value of an individual.', 'start': 5371.172, 'duration': 8.015}, {'end': 5385.031, 'text': 'And you can see that in religion, you can see that in philosophy, you can see that through the evolution.', 'start': 5379.467, 'duration': 5.564}, {'end': 5393.616, 'text': 'And then, you know, we evolved from tribes into nations and then empires and conflicts between nations and conflict between empires.', 'start': 5385.191, 'duration': 8.425}], 'summary': 'Human history is a story of knowledge and value, evolving from tribes to nations and empires.', 'duration': 22.444, 'max_score': 5371.172, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I5371172.jpg'}, {'end': 5493.425, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5471.155, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 5481.259, 'text': 'And then we can think about how to create a political system around that, a political system that recognizes and allows for the formation of groups,', 'start': 5471.155, 'duration': 10.104}, {'end': 5483.78, 'text': 'but just under the principle of voluntary.', 'start': 5481.259, 'duration': 2.521}, {'end': 5485.501, 'text': "So you can't be forced to join a group.", 'start': 5483.82, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 5487.882, 'text': "You can't be cursed into forming a group.", 'start': 5485.921, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 5493.425, 'text': "other than the fact that you're born in a particular place, in a particular, you know, that in a sense.", 'start': 5489.122, 'duration': 4.303}], 'summary': 'Proposing a political system based on voluntary group formation, with no forced joining or cursing into groups.', 'duration': 22.27, 'max_score': 5471.155, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I5471155.jpg'}, {'end': 5581.601, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5556.444, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 5563.969, 'text': "Absolutely. But once you're an adult, I think it's incumbent on you to evaluate that religious context and look at different religions, or non-religion,", 'start': 5556.444, 'duration': 7.525}, {'end': 5566.951, 'text': 'or whatever, and choose your philosophy of life.', 'start': 5563.969, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 5568.332, 'text': 'Choose your values.', 'start': 5567.151, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 5569.833, 'text': 'Choose how you want to live your life.', 'start': 5568.412, 'duration': 1.421}, {'end': 5571.074, 'text': "That's the freedom.", 'start': 5570.253, 'duration': 0.821}, {'end': 5581.601, 'text': "The freedom is, one system says you're either cursed by the state or cursed by the group or cursed by society around you to follow a particular path.", 'start': 5571.094, 'duration': 10.507}], 'summary': "As an adult, it's important to evaluate religious context and choose your philosophy of life and values for freedom.", 'duration': 25.157, 'max_score': 5556.444, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I5556444.jpg'}, {'end': 5648.916, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5615.261, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 5623.345, 'text': 'I think the coercion-freedom dichotomy, these are too few concepts, coercion and freedom.', 'start': 5615.261, 'duration': 8.084}, {'end': 5626.946, 'text': "It's too simplistic to be able to describe what we're actually dealing with.", 'start': 5623.485, 'duration': 3.461}, {'end': 5636.65, 'text': 'The traditional Anglo-conservative view is that society has to be ordered, it has to be disciplined.', 'start': 5627.667, 'duration': 8.983}, {'end': 5642.713, 'text': 'And there are two choices for how it can be ordered.', 'start': 5638.671, 'duration': 4.042}, {'end': 5648.916, 'text': 'One is that a people is by its own traditions.', 'start': 5643.494, 'duration': 5.422}], 'summary': 'Traditional anglo-conservative view suggests two choices for societal order: tradition or coercion.', 'duration': 33.655, 'max_score': 5615.261, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I5615261.jpg'}, {'end': 5787.386, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5761.27, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 5768.474, 'text': 'And I think what happened during the 19th century in the Industrial Revolution, what happened in the 19th century to some extent globally,', 'start': 5761.27, 'duration': 7.204}, {'end': 5770.476, 'text': "but certainly in the United States, didn't work that way.", 'start': 5768.474, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 5771.936, 'text': 'It broke tradition.', 'start': 5770.956, 'duration': 0.98}, {'end': 5774.258, 'text': 'I think all innovation breaks tradition.', 'start': 5772.197, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 5780.401, 'text': "And I think that's what the genius of this country is and the post-enlightenment world is.", 'start': 5774.358, 'duration': 6.043}, {'end': 5783.944, 'text': 'I think pre that tradition, they worked that way.', 'start': 5781.442, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 5787.386, 'text': 'And then the question is did people understand why they do what they do?', 'start': 5784.444, 'duration': 2.942}], 'summary': 'In the 19th century, the industrial revolution broke tradition and propelled innovation globally, especially in the united states.', 'duration': 26.116, 'max_score': 5761.27, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I5761270.jpg'}, {'end': 5847.02, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5826.339, 'weight': 10, 'content': [{'end': 5835.768, 'text': "And I think that's what we achieve through enlightenment, through education, and where we don't treat people just as a blob.", 'start': 5826.339, 'duration': 9.429}, {'end': 5838.511, 'text': 'tribe that just follows orders.', 'start': 5836.949, 'duration': 1.562}, {'end': 5847.02, 'text': 'But we now treat individuals as capable of thinking for themselves, capable for discovering truth, capable of figuring out their own values.', 'start': 5838.871, 'duration': 8.149}], 'summary': 'Enlightenment and education empower individuals to think for themselves and discover truth.', 'duration': 20.681, 'max_score': 5826.339, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I5826339.jpg'}, {'end': 5922.24, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5890.94, 'weight': 11, 'content': [{'end': 5898.204, 'text': "And I think that's the great tragedy is that we're evolving to a place where people understood the values that represent.", 'start': 5890.94, 'duration': 7.264}, {'end': 5902.727, 'text': "And of course, the danger with tradition is, I mean we'll agree, right?", 'start': 5898.224, 'duration': 4.503}, {'end': 5905.549, 'text': "Yeah, it's okay to kill the Jew, right?", 'start': 5903.728, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 5910.372, 'text': "Or it's okay to steal people's property if they are of a certain color, or it's okay to enslave.", 'start': 5905.849, 'duration': 4.523}, {'end': 5911.332, 'text': 'Those are all traditions.', 'start': 5910.412, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 5922.24, 'text': "And yet, once you stop and say, but what are they based on? Is this right? Is this just based on some moral law? No, it's not.", 'start': 5911.993, 'duration': 10.247}], 'summary': 'Traditional values can be dangerous, as seen in historical injustices.', 'duration': 31.3, 'max_score': 5890.94, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I5890940.jpg'}, {'end': 6073.618, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6051.041, 'weight': 12, 'content': [{'end': 6058.767, 'text': "What I would encourage individuals to do, and this is where, you know, I'm not primarily a political, you know, interested in politics,", 'start': 6051.041, 'duration': 7.726}, {'end': 6061.109, 'text': 'although I tend to talk most about that.', 'start': 6058.767, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 6065.112, 'text': "I'm primarily interested in human beings and how they live in a sense in morality.", 'start': 6061.529, 'duration': 3.583}, {'end': 6073.618, 'text': 'And what I would urge individuals to do is to think about their relationships, to choose the best relationships possible,', 'start': 6065.712, 'duration': 7.906}], 'summary': 'Encourage individuals to choose the best relationships possible', 'duration': 22.577, 'max_score': 6051.041, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I6051041.jpg'}, {'end': 6177.426, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6149.58, 'weight': 13, 'content': [{'end': 6152.462, 'text': "They're differing, and there's interesting overlaps.", 'start': 6149.58, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 6161.407, 'text': "There's a worry if you look at human history and you study the lessons of history and you look at modern society,", 'start': 6154.545, 'duration': 6.862}, {'end': 6168.89, 'text': 'if you give people freedom in terms of stickiness and human relations, and so on, if you not give people freedom,', 'start': 6161.407, 'duration': 7.483}, {'end': 6172.291, 'text': 'emphasize freedom as the highest ideal.', 'start': 6168.89, 'duration': 3.401}, {'end': 6176.265, 'text': 'you start getting more Tinder.', 'start': 6173.601, 'duration': 2.664}, {'end': 6177.426, 'text': 'online dating.', 'start': 6176.265, 'duration': 1.161}], 'summary': 'Freedom in human relations leads to more tinder and online dating.', 'duration': 27.846, 'max_score': 6149.58, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I6149580.jpg'}], 'start': 4712.047, 'title': 'Individualism and group dynamics in politics', 'summary': 'Explores the tension between individualism and group cohesion, emphasizing the role of collective loyalty, individual freedom, and the impact on political thought and societal order, offering insights into minimizing conflicts and promoting human welfare.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4913.772, 'start': 4712.047, 'title': 'Individualism vs. cohesion', 'summary': 'Discusses the role of cohesion and collective in human society, highlighting the tension between individualism and the formation of groups and hierarchies, and the impact on political thought and human relations.', 'duration': 201.725, 'highlights': ['Conservatives argue that Enlightenment political thought focused on individuals and the state overlooks the formation of groups and hierarchies, which are fundamental aspects of human societies.', 'Human beings tend to form groups and hierarchies, leading to internal competition for leadership positions, which is a universal phenomenon in human societies.', 'The chapter explores the tension between individual freedoms and the importance of cohesion in creating a cohesive union, as highlighted in the founding documents.']}, {'end': 5470.314, 'start': 4914.932, 'title': 'Understanding politics: individual vs. group dynamics', 'summary': 'Discusses the emergence of group dynamics and the importance of understanding them in politics, emphasizing the role of mutual loyalty, group cohesion, and individual flourishing in promoting human welfare and minimizing conflicts.', 'duration': 555.382, 'highlights': ['The role of mutual loyalty and group cohesion in politics is emphasized, highlighting how individuals create bonds similar to atoms forming molecules, contributing to the reality of political events and history. Emphasizes the importance of mutual loyalty and group cohesion in understanding political events and history.', 'The discussion of voluntary group formations and their impact on individual wellbeing is presented, arguing for the importance of voluntary groups that contribute to individual flourishing and the pursuit of happiness. Presents the argument for the importance of voluntary groups in contributing to individual wellbeing and the pursuit of happiness.', 'The historical evolution of human societies from tribes to nations and empires is discussed, highlighting the recognition and value of the individual as a significant achievement in human history. Discusses the historical evolution of human societies and the recognition of the value of the individual as a significant achievement.']}, {'end': 5724.034, 'start': 5471.155, 'title': 'Voluntary political system and individual freedom', 'summary': "Discusses the concept of a political system built around voluntary groups, emphasizing individual freedom to choose one's path and values, and challenges the dichotomy of coercion and freedom, while highlighting the need for evaluating inherited traditions and the complexity of societal order.", 'duration': 252.879, 'highlights': ["Individual freedom to choose values and path Emphasizes the importance of evaluating religious context, choosing one's philosophy of life, and being able to choose one's path based on history and knowledge.", 'Voluntary political system Discusses the idea of a political system that recognizes and allows for the formation of groups, but under the principle of voluntary association, where individuals cannot be forced to join or form a group.', 'Complexity of societal order Challenges the dichotomy of coercion and freedom, highlighting the reality of societal discipline and the influence of inherited traditions on societal order and individual behavior.']}, {'end': 6201.867, 'start': 5724.154, 'title': 'Danger of traditions and importance of individual choice', 'summary': 'Discusses the dangers of blindly following traditions and the importance of individuals understanding and choosing their values, while emphasizing the need for reason over tradition and the potential pitfalls of excessive freedom in relationships.', 'duration': 477.713, 'highlights': ['The genius of America post-founding in the 19th century and the Industrial Revolution broke tradition, and innovation breaks tradition. The chapter highlights the innovative nature of America post-founding and during the Industrial Revolution, emphasizing how these events broke tradition and led to progress.', 'The importance of individuals understanding the values they represent and not blindly following traditions or commandments. It emphasizes the need for individuals to comprehend the values they adhere to, rather than blindly following traditions or commandments, promoting a rational approach to values.', 'The danger of blindly following traditions that endorse harmful practices like killing, stealing, or enslaving, and the need for reason and understanding to prevent such actions. The chapter highlights the potential dangers of blindly following harmful traditions and the importance of reason in preventing actions such as killing, stealing, or enslaving.', 'The emphasis on the chosen nature of relationships and the importance of consciously selecting and seeking out great relationships, promoting the value of human relationships and individual choice. It underscores the significance of consciously choosing and seeking out meaningful relationships, emphasizing the value of individual choice and the importance of human relationships.', 'The potential negative impact of excessive freedom in relationships, leading to the dissolution of bonds and likening it to a shift from liquid to gas in chemistry. The chapter warns about the potential negative consequences of excessive freedom in relationships, likening it to the dissolution of bonds and drawing an analogy to a shift from liquid to gas in chemistry.']}], 'duration': 1489.82, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I4712047.jpg', 'highlights': ['The chapter explores the tension between individual freedoms and the importance of cohesion in creating a cohesive union, as highlighted in the founding documents.', 'Human beings tend to form groups and hierarchies, leading to internal competition for leadership positions, which is a universal phenomenon in human societies.', 'Conservatives argue that Enlightenment political thought focused on individuals and the state overlooks the formation of groups and hierarchies, which are fundamental aspects of human societies.', 'The role of mutual loyalty and group cohesion in politics is emphasized, highlighting how individuals create bonds similar to atoms forming molecules, contributing to the reality of political events and history.', 'The discussion of voluntary group formations and their impact on individual wellbeing is presented, arguing for the importance of voluntary groups that contribute to individual flourishing and the pursuit of happiness.', 'The historical evolution of human societies from tribes to nations and empires is discussed, highlighting the recognition and value of the individual as a significant achievement in human history.', "Emphasizes the importance of evaluating religious context, choosing one's philosophy of life, and being able to choose one's path based on history and knowledge.", 'Discusses the idea of a political system that recognizes and allows for the formation of groups, but under the principle of voluntary association, where individuals cannot be forced to join or form a group.', 'Challenges the dichotomy of coercion and freedom, highlighting the reality of societal discipline and the influence of inherited traditions on societal order and individual behavior.', 'The chapter highlights the innovative nature of America post-founding and during the Industrial Revolution, emphasizing how these events broke tradition and led to progress.', 'It emphasizes the need for individuals to comprehend the values they adhere to, rather than blindly following traditions or commandments, promoting a rational approach to values.', 'The chapter highlights the potential dangers of blindly following harmful traditions and the importance of reason in preventing actions such as killing, stealing, or enslaving.', 'It underscores the significance of consciously choosing and seeking out meaningful relationships, emphasizing the value of individual choice and the importance of human relationships.', 'The chapter warns about the potential negative consequences of excessive freedom in relationships, likening it to the dissolution of bonds and drawing an analogy to a shift from liquid to gas in chemistry.']}, {'end': 7249.387, 'segs': [{'end': 6277.307, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6244.988, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 6250.649, 'text': "And you're really emphasizing the individual and you're emphasizing Yoram.", 'start': 6244.988, 'duration': 5.661}, {'end': 6257.831, 'text': "you're emphasizing more of the community, of the family, of the stickiness of the nation.", 'start': 6250.649, 'duration': 7.182}, {'end': 6261.692, 'text': "Well, look, I don't want to deny the place of the individual.", 'start': 6258.609, 'duration': 3.083}, {'end': 6277.307, 'text': 'I think that there really is a very great change in civilization when the books of Moses announce that the individual is created in the image of God.', 'start': 6261.712, 'duration': 15.595}], 'summary': 'Emphasizing the importance of the individual and community in civilization.', 'duration': 32.319, 'max_score': 6244.988, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I6244988.jpg'}, {'end': 6781.056, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6756.369, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 6765.731, 'text': 'rather than telling them about the need to join into some traditionalist hierarchy that can be good and healthy for them,', 'start': 6756.369, 'duration': 9.362}, {'end': 6766.912, 'text': "I think we're destroying them.", 'start': 6765.731, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 6770.833, 'text': "I think we're destroying this generation and the last one and the next.", 'start': 6767.332, 'duration': 3.501}, {'end': 6776.334, 'text': 'Yaron is the burden of freedom destroying mankind.', 'start': 6771.453, 'duration': 4.881}, {'end': 6778.234, 'text': 'What freedom?', 'start': 6777.574, 'duration': 0.66}, {'end': 6781.056, 'text': 'I mean how many people are indeed free?', 'start': 6778.274, 'duration': 2.782}], 'summary': "Freedom's burden may be destroying generations, questioning true freedom.", 'duration': 24.687, 'max_score': 6756.369, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I6756369.jpg'}, {'end': 6951.531, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6919.663, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 6922.646, 'text': "because I worry about who's going to be doing the imposition plus.", 'start': 6919.663, 'duration': 2.983}, {'end': 6925.148, 'text': "I don't believe you can force people to be good.", 'start': 6922.646, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 6927.47, 'text': "It's to challenge the ideas.", 'start': 6925.969, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 6928.972, 'text': "It's to question the ideas.", 'start': 6927.57, 'duration': 1.402}, {'end': 6937.74, 'text': "It's to present an alternative view of morality, an alternative a set of moral principles and ultimately an alternative view of political principles.", 'start': 6929.072, 'duration': 8.668}, {'end': 6939.601, 'text': 'But it has to start with morality.', 'start': 6938.12, 'duration': 1.481}, {'end': 6946.607, 'text': 'And my morality is centered on the individual and what the individual should do with his life in order to attain a good life.', 'start': 6940.362, 'duration': 6.245}, {'end': 6951.531, 'text': 'I believe that leads to happiness, but the good life.', 'start': 6947.948, 'duration': 3.583}], 'summary': "Challenging and presenting alternative moral and political principles centered on individual's pursuit of a good life.", 'duration': 31.868, 'max_score': 6919.663, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I6919663.jpg'}, {'end': 7021.741, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6996.055, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 7003.18, 'text': "But what I do demand, if you will, of individuals, this is where I put a burden on people, right? Understand what you're doing.", 'start': 6996.055, 'duration': 7.125}, {'end': 7009.428, 'text': "Right? Don't embrace a moral teaching because it was tradition.", 'start': 7004.039, 'duration': 5.389}, {'end': 7012.993, 'text': "Don't embrace a moral teaching because your parents embraced it.", 'start': 7009.989, 'duration': 3.004}, {'end': 7016.078, 'text': "Don't embrace a moral teaching just because your teachers are teaching it.", 'start': 7013.033, 'duration': 3.045}, {'end': 7021.741, 'text': 'Challenge it, think about it, embrace it because you embrace it.', 'start': 7017.338, 'duration': 4.403}], 'summary': 'Challenge moral teachings, embrace them because you believe in them.', 'duration': 25.686, 'max_score': 6996.055, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I6996055.jpg'}], 'start': 6201.867, 'title': 'Individualism, community, and moral responsibility in civilization', 'summary': 'Explores the emphasis on individualism and community in civilization, discussing the differences between judaism and christianity, the impact of freedom on individuals, the need for traditionalist hierarchies, and the importance of moral guidance and embracing moral responsibility.', 'chapters': [{'end': 6433.257, 'start': 6201.867, 'title': 'Individualism and community in civilization', 'summary': "Discusses the emphasis on individualism and community in civilization, highlighting the positive value of the individual's desire to improve the world and the differences between judaism and christianity in this context.", 'duration': 231.39, 'highlights': ["Yoram and the speaker emphasize individualism and community in civilization, with a focus on the positive value of the individual's desire to improve the world and the resistance to Christian tropes in Judaism.", 'The books of Moses announcing the individual created in the image of God marked a significant change in civilization, without precedent before that in history.', 'The danger of implementing idealized concepts by flawed humans is highlighted, citing examples of suboptimal decisions made, especially when young and influenced by desires.', "The positive value of the individual's desire to improve his family, tribe, congregation, and nation is emphasized, stemming from the desire to make things better for oneself in Hebrew Bible and Judaism."]}, {'end': 6781.056, 'start': 6433.657, 'title': 'Individuals and hierarchies in society', 'summary': 'Discusses the relationship between individuals and hierarchies in society, the impact of freedom on individuals, and the debate around the burden of freedom, with a focus on the need for traditionalist hierarchies for individual growth and happiness.', 'duration': 347.399, 'highlights': ['The debate surrounding the need for traditionalist hierarchies for individual growth and happiness. The chapter delves into the empirical disagreement about what is good for individuals and what makes them happy, emphasizing the argument that individuals are healthy and happy when they find their place in a hierarchy and compete to rise within it.', 'The impact of freedom on individuals and the burden it imposes. The discussion revolves around the detrimental effects of emphasizing freedom over the need to join traditional hierarchies, suggesting that this approach may be destructive for individuals and generations to come.', 'The concept of altruism and the pragmatic approach to life. The conversation touches upon the pragmatic aspect of disciplining oneself to become a better version of oneself, highlighting the universal distinction between short-term and long-term interests.']}, {'end': 6982.066, 'start': 6781.776, 'title': 'The morality of life', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of moral guidance in living a good life, criticizes religious and secular philosophical ideas for providing bad advice, and advocates for challenging and presenting an alternative view of morality and political principles.', 'duration': 200.29, 'highlights': ['The chapter stresses the importance of moral guidance in establishing a framework for living a good life. Moral guidance is crucial for individuals to establish a framework for living a good life.', 'The speaker criticizes both religious and secular philosophical ideas for providing bad advice, leading to negative consequences in the world. Religious and secular philosophical ideas are criticized for giving bad advice, resulting in negative outcomes in the world.', 'The chapter advocates for challenging and presenting an alternative view of morality and political principles to initiate change in society. Advocacy for challenging and presenting an alternative view of morality and political principles as a way to bring about change in society.']}, {'end': 7249.387, 'start': 6982.086, 'title': 'Universal values and moral responsibility', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of individuals embracing moral responsibility and universal values, highlighting the impact of intellectual leadership and the adoption of certain values in shaping successful societies.', 'duration': 267.301, 'highlights': ["The importance of individuals embracing moral responsibility is emphasized, urging them to challenge, evaluate, and choose their values based on personal conviction rather than tradition or authority, acknowledging that most people don't do so.", 'The impact of intellectual leadership in shaping society is highlighted, emphasizing the role of thinkers in making choices about values and shaping the world, stressing the significance of good voices and the potential influence of individuals in shaping the world.', 'The adoption of certain Western values in Asian cultures, such as freedom, liberty, and individualism, is cited as contributing to the success of societies, contrasting the birth rate and success of societies that did not adopt these values.', 'The concept of universal values is discussed, with an agreement on the existence of good and evil, highlighting the classification of political systems as tending towards good or evil based on universal principles.']}], 'duration': 1047.52, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I6201867.jpg', 'highlights': ['The books of Moses announcing the individual created in the image of God marked a significant change in civilization, without precedent before that in history.', 'The impact of freedom on individuals and the burden it imposes. The discussion revolves around the detrimental effects of emphasizing freedom over the need to join traditional hierarchies, suggesting that this approach may be destructive for individuals and generations to come.', "The importance of individuals embracing moral responsibility is emphasized, urging them to challenge, evaluate, and choose their values based on personal conviction rather than tradition or authority, acknowledging that most people don't do so.", 'The chapter advocates for challenging and presenting an alternative view of morality and political principles to initiate change in society.']}, {'end': 8527.579, 'segs': [{'end': 7278.551, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7249.387, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 7250.307, 'text': "so so i'm not.", 'start': 7249.387, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 7250.867, 'text': 'so i.', 'start': 7250.307, 'duration': 0.56}, {'end': 7252.508, 'text': "i i'm property and freedom.", 'start': 7250.867, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 7253.268, 'text': 'i, i.', 'start': 7252.508, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 7257.129, 'text': "i think there's great basis for for it in in, in in the bible.", 'start': 7253.268, 'duration': 3.861}, {'end': 7265.375, 'text': "but right now i i'm focusing on on on this other question, which is what happens when everyone does what's right in his own eyes.", 'start': 7257.129, 'duration': 8.246}, {'end': 7274.266, 'text': "That's the book of Judges, and that's this civil war, moral corruption, theft, idolatry, murder, rape.", 'start': 7265.495, 'duration': 8.771}, {'end': 7278.551, 'text': "I mean, that's what happens when everyone does whatever's right in his own eyes.", 'start': 7274.326, 'duration': 4.225}], 'summary': 'Focus on the consequences of moral anarchy from the book of judges.', 'duration': 29.164, 'max_score': 7249.387, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I7249387.jpg'}, {'end': 7503.042, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7493.809, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 7497.694, 'text': 'And the great majority, they stop being willing to take risks.', 'start': 7493.809, 'duration': 3.885}, {'end': 7499.537, 'text': 'They stop being willing to get married.', 'start': 7498.055, 'duration': 1.482}, {'end': 7501.199, 'text': 'They stop being willing to have children.', 'start': 7499.757, 'duration': 1.442}, {'end': 7503.042, 'text': 'They stop being willing to start companies.', 'start': 7501.399, 'duration': 1.643}], 'summary': 'Most people become risk-averse, leading to reluctance in marriage, parenthood, and entrepreneurship.', 'duration': 9.233, 'max_score': 7493.809, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I7493809.jpg'}, {'end': 7673.128, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7642.822, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 7645.625, 'text': "I think it's a reflection of thinking long-term versus short-term.", 'start': 7642.822, 'duration': 2.803}, {'end': 7648.167, 'text': "I think a short-term society doesn't have children.", 'start': 7646.225, 'duration': 1.942}, {'end': 7652.05, 'text': "People don't have children there because children are a long-term investment.", 'start': 7648.207, 'duration': 3.843}, {'end': 7657.515, 'text': 'They require real planning and real effort and real thinking about the long-term.', 'start': 7652.851, 'duration': 4.664}, {'end': 7658.996, 'text': 'But those are moral issues.', 'start': 7657.915, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 7662.519, 'text': "And again, we're confusing or mixing.", 'start': 7659.657, 'duration': 2.862}, {'end': 7665.702, 'text': 'When I say Japan, look how well Japan has done.', 'start': 7663.36, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 7673.128, 'text': "I don't mean the specific Japanese people and how many kids they're having and what kind of life they're having in terms of these kind of particulars.", 'start': 7666.022, 'duration': 7.106}], 'summary': "Short-term societies may have fewer children due to long-term investment required. japan's success not about individual demographics.", 'duration': 30.306, 'max_score': 7642.822, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I7642822.jpg'}, {'end': 7769.102, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7745.626, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7752.212, 'text': 'You tell people to do whatever they choose to do, but if they have bad ideas, they will choose to do bad things.', 'start': 7745.626, 'duration': 6.586}, {'end': 7759.156, 'text': 'So it is true that the primacy of morality and the primacy of philosophy has to be recognized.', 'start': 7752.913, 'duration': 6.243}, {'end': 7761.177, 'text': "It's not the primacy of politics.", 'start': 7759.617, 'duration': 1.56}, {'end': 7769.102, 'text': "And indeed you don't get free societies unless you have some elements of decent philosophy.", 'start': 7761.578, 'duration': 7.524}], 'summary': 'Primacy of morality and philosophy is crucial for free societies.', 'duration': 23.476, 'max_score': 7745.626, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I7745626.jpg'}, {'end': 7927.795, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7898.77, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 7900.572, 'text': "They've not accepted my ideas.", 'start': 7898.77, 'duration': 1.802}, {'end': 7901.933, 'text': 'They have a semblance.', 'start': 7900.792, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 7909.24, 'text': 'They have a semblance of a political system that is a little bit like what I would like, far from what I would ideal.', 'start': 7902.053, 'duration': 7.187}, {'end': 7911.442, 'text': "But they certainly don't have a moral foundation.", 'start': 7909.26, 'duration': 2.182}, {'end': 7916.967, 'text': 'I believe that people who have the right moral foundation, most of them, not all of them, but most of them will have children.', 'start': 7911.783, 'duration': 5.184}, {'end': 7919.69, 'text': 'Most of them will continue into the future.', 'start': 7917.348, 'duration': 2.342}, {'end': 7921.572, 'text': 'Most of them will fight for a future.', 'start': 7919.71, 'duration': 1.862}, {'end': 7927.795, 'text': 'But not because they care what happens in 200 years, but because they care about their lifetime.', 'start': 7922.072, 'duration': 5.723}], 'summary': 'The political system has a semblance of what the speaker desires, but lacks moral foundation. those with the right moral foundation are likely to have children and fight for the future.', 'duration': 29.025, 'max_score': 7898.77, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I7898770.jpg'}, {'end': 8496.037, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8466.996, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 8469.017, 'text': "There is, there just isn't other tool.", 'start': 8466.996, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 8473.859, 'text': 'Emotions, emotions are not tools of cognition.', 'start': 8469.157, 'duration': 4.702}, {'end': 8483.807, 'text': 'Consciousness is a tool, emotion, like love, all of these things are ways to experience the world to say that reason is the best tool.', 'start': 8473.899, 'duration': 9.908}, {'end': 8490.172, 'text': "But there's a difference between experiencing the world and evaluating the world in terms of what is truth or what is not.", 'start': 8483.867, 'duration': 6.305}, {'end': 8492.754, 'text': 'As a scientist, I appreciate the value of reason.', 'start': 8490.372, 'duration': 2.382}, {'end': 8496.037, 'text': 'And emotions and love are consequences.', 'start': 8492.834, 'duration': 3.203}], 'summary': 'Emotions are not tools of cognition; reason serves as the best tool for evaluating truth in the world.', 'duration': 29.041, 'max_score': 8466.996, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I8466996.jpg'}], 'start': 7249.387, 'title': 'Moral implications in societies', 'summary': 'Delves into moral implications in societies, exploring the impact of individual choices on civil war, moral corruption, and societal well-being, highlighting the necessity of a moral code for sustainable living and the importance of philosophy in preserving future generations. it also emphasizes the challenges faced by liberal societies in maintaining a moral foundation and the societal implications of low birth rates in japan, underlining the need for a balance between self-interest and societal values.', 'chapters': [{'end': 7293.554, 'start': 7249.387, 'title': 'The book of judges', 'summary': 'Discusses the moral implications of everyone doing what is right in their own eyes, leading to civil war, moral corruption, theft, idolatry, murder, and rape as depicted in the book of judges.', 'duration': 44.167, 'highlights': ['The book of Judges depicts the consequences of everyone doing what is right in their own eyes, resulting in civil war, moral corruption, theft, idolatry, murder, and rape.', 'It highlights the difficulty of getting people to agree on objectively true principles, nearly impossible.']}, {'end': 7706.573, 'start': 7293.894, 'title': 'Challenges of low birth rates in japan', 'summary': 'Discusses the societal implications of low birth rates in japan, highlighting the impact on individual choices, societal well-being, and long-term optimism, while emphasizing the need for a balance between self-interest and societal values.', 'duration': 412.679, 'highlights': ['The collapse of willingness to make choices for the whole society leads to a decrease in marriage, children, and risk-taking, as individuals prioritize self-expression and competition, impacting societal well-being. Decrease in marriage, children, and risk-taking, impact on societal well-being', 'The societal impact of low birth rates reflects a lack of long-term optimism and a shift towards short-term thinking, where having children is a long-term investment requiring real planning and effort. Lack of long-term optimism, shift towards short-term thinking', 'The chapter emphasizes the need for a balance between self-interest and societal values, highlighting the importance of embracing the challenge and experience of parenthood for reasons beyond societal perpetuation. Balance between self-interest and societal values, embracing the challenge and experience of parenthood']}, {'end': 7984.075, 'start': 7707.134, 'title': 'Morality and philosophy in free societies', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of philosophy on freedom and prosperity in societies, emphasizing the importance of morality and philosophy in preserving future generations and the challenges faced by liberal societies in maintaining a moral foundation.', 'duration': 276.941, 'highlights': ['The primacy of morality and philosophy is crucial for the preservation of free societies, as societies with bad philosophy are likely to do bad things with their freedom.', 'The ability to pass on a good society to the next generation is essential, and it is achieved through ideas rather than solely through having children.', "Liberal societies today are facing democratic collapse due to the lack of a moral foundation and an adherence to the speaker's philosophy.", 'Individuals with the right moral foundation are more likely to have children and fight for the future, not just because they care about the distant future, but also because it contributes to their lifetime enjoyment and fulfillment.', 'Having children and engaging in marriage are not solely for fun but are pursued for happiness, fulfillment, and making life better, encompassing both enjoyable and challenging aspects.']}, {'end': 8527.579, 'start': 7984.075, 'title': 'Individualism, morality, and reason', 'summary': 'Discusses the impact of emphasizing individualism on moral ideas and the dissolution of marriage, the necessity of a moral code for sustainable living, and the significance of reason as the primary tool for discovering truth and evaluating the world.', 'duration': 543.504, 'highlights': ['The emphasis on individualism may lead to the dissolution of marriage and the prioritization of short-term optimization over long-term optimization. Impact of individualism on marriage and decision-making.', 'Conventional morality is considered destructive and unsustainable, emphasizing the necessity of having a moral code for sustainable living. The need for a sustainable moral code.', 'Reason is emphasized as the primary tool for discovering truth and evaluating the world, as emotions are seen as consequences of conclusions. Significance of reason and the role of emotions in evaluations.']}], 'duration': 1278.192, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I7249387.jpg', 'highlights': ['The collapse of willingness to make choices for the whole society leads to a decrease in marriage, children, and risk-taking, impacting societal well-being.', 'Individuals with the right moral foundation are more likely to have children and fight for the future, contributing to their lifetime enjoyment and fulfillment.', 'The book of Judges depicts the consequences of everyone doing what is right in their own eyes, resulting in civil war, moral corruption, theft, idolatry, murder, and rape.', 'The primacy of morality and philosophy is crucial for the preservation of free societies, as societies with bad philosophy are likely to do bad things with their freedom.', 'The societal impact of low birth rates reflects a lack of long-term optimism and a shift towards short-term thinking, where having children is a long-term investment requiring real planning and effort.', 'Reason is emphasized as the primary tool for discovering truth and evaluating the world, as emotions are seen as consequences of conclusions.']}, {'end': 9691.795, 'segs': [{'end': 8653.069, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8629.861, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 8637.123, 'text': 'And we reach a turning point in human history with the invention of large-scale agriculture, which allows the creation of vast wealth.', 'start': 8629.861, 'duration': 7.262}, {'end': 8641.805, 'text': 'It allows the establishment of standing armies instead of militias.', 'start': 8637.203, 'duration': 4.602}, {'end': 8652.048, 'text': "Sargon of Akkad says I can pay 5,000 men to do nothing other than to drill in the arts of war and then I'm going to send them out to conquer the neighboring city-states.", 'start': 8642.445, 'duration': 9.603}, {'end': 8653.069, 'text': 'and there you have empire.', 'start': 8652.048, 'duration': 1.021}], 'summary': 'Large-scale agriculture enables wealth creation, standing armies, and empire building.', 'duration': 23.208, 'max_score': 8629.861, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I8629861.jpg'}, {'end': 8734.862, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8710.308, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8720.893, 'text': 'So There is something in the prophets that rebels against this ongoing atrocity and carnage of trying to take over the whole world.', 'start': 8710.308, 'duration': 10.585}, {'end': 8731.659, 'text': "And there's a prudential, practical argument, which is that the world is governed best when there are multiple nations,", 'start': 8721.774, 'duration': 9.885}, {'end': 8734.862, 'text': "when they're free to experiment and chart their own courses.", 'start': 8731.659, 'duration': 3.203}], 'summary': 'Prophets rebel against atrocity, multiple nations govern best.', 'duration': 24.554, 'max_score': 8710.308, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I8710308.jpg'}, {'end': 8830.416, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8809.447, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 8818.691, 'text': "it's a principled standpoint that says that the world is governed best when many nations are able to be independent and chart their own course.", 'start': 8809.447, 'duration': 9.244}, {'end': 8819.431, 'text': "That's nationalism.", 'start': 8818.811, 'duration': 0.62}, {'end': 8822.252, 'text': "As far as the Nazis, Hitler's an imperialist.", 'start': 8819.511, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 8823.913, 'text': 'He hated nation states.', 'start': 8822.713, 'duration': 1.2}, {'end': 8830.416, 'text': "His whole theory, if you pick up, I don't recommend doing this, but if you I'm actually reading it right now, Mein Kampf.", 'start': 8824.273, 'duration': 6.143}], 'summary': "Nationalism promotes independence for many nations, contrasting with hitler's imperialist views.", 'duration': 20.969, 'max_score': 8809.447, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I8809447.jpg'}, {'end': 8906.682, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8879.43, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 8885.555, 'text': "Well, I love a lot of things, but I'm saying this particular love is a little bit contentious, which is loving your country.", 'start': 8879.43, 'duration': 6.125}, {'end': 8892.908, 'text': "That's an interesting love that some people are a little uncomfortable with, especially when that love, you know,", 'start': 8886.462, 'duration': 6.446}, {'end': 8898.093, 'text': 'I grew up in the Soviet Union to say you know, you just love the country,', 'start': 8892.908, 'duration': 5.185}, {'end': 8901.937, 'text': "it represents a certain thing to you and you don't think like philosophically,", 'start': 8898.093, 'duration': 3.844}, {'end': 8906.682, 'text': 'like I was marching around with like marks under my arm or something like that.', 'start': 8901.937, 'duration': 4.745}], 'summary': "Loving one's country can be contentious, especially growing up in the soviet union.", 'duration': 27.252, 'max_score': 8879.43, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I8879430.jpg'}, {'end': 9229.931, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9205.096, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 9212.681, 'text': 'And I fell in love from a distance with the idea of America, I love the idea of America more than I love America.', 'start': 9205.096, 'duration': 7.585}, {'end': 9217.183, 'text': "And I could see myself falling out of love with America, given where it's heading.", 'start': 9213.721, 'duration': 3.462}, {'end': 9218.984, 'text': "It's not automatic.", 'start': 9218.044, 'duration': 0.94}, {'end': 9226.249, 'text': "It's conditioned on what it is that it represents and what value it represents for me.", 'start': 9219.165, 'duration': 7.084}, {'end': 9229.931, 'text': "And I think that's always the case with love.", 'start': 9226.269, 'duration': 3.662}], 'summary': 'The speaker loves the idea of america more than america itself, and could see themselves falling out of love with america given its current direction.', 'duration': 24.835, 'max_score': 9205.096, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I9205096.jpg'}, {'end': 9422.225, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9394.302, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 9397.185, 'text': "It's a novel which is delimited with a particular story.", 'start': 9394.302, 'duration': 2.883}, {'end': 9403.49, 'text': "There's one family in Gulch Gulch and there's a little passage about raising children and the value of that,", 'start': 9397.425, 'duration': 6.065}, {'end': 9406.873, 'text': "because it's not core to what she is writing about.", 'start': 9403.49, 'duration': 3.383}, {'end': 9408.574, 'text': "But that doesn't exclude it.", 'start': 9407.273, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 9414.459, 'text': 'When I read Ayn Rand, I read Atlas Shrugged when I was 16, and I read it over the years several times more.', 'start': 9409.115, 'duration': 5.344}, {'end': 9417.261, 'text': "It never occurred to me, oh, Ayn Rand's anti-family.", 'start': 9414.979, 'duration': 2.282}, {'end': 9418.042, 'text': "I shouldn't have a family.", 'start': 9417.281, 'duration': 0.761}, {'end': 9420.884, 'text': 'That thought never came into my mind.', 'start': 9418.982, 'duration': 1.902}, {'end': 9422.225, 'text': 'I always wanted to have children.', 'start': 9421.244, 'duration': 0.981}], 'summary': "Ayn rand's novel, 'atlas shrugged,' did not dissuade the speaker from wanting a family, despite not focusing on that aspect.", 'duration': 27.923, 'max_score': 9394.302, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I9394302.jpg'}, {'end': 9597.282, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9569.21, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 9575.373, 'text': 'No human relationship is like that, not friendship, not love, not raising children, not being a child.', 'start': 9569.21, 'duration': 6.163}, {'end': 9586.133, 'text': "They require work and they require thinking and they require creating the conditions to thrive, and that's the sense in which it's conditional.", 'start': 9576.834, 'duration': 9.299}, {'end': 9587.595, 'text': 'You have to work at it.', 'start': 9586.454, 'duration': 1.141}, {'end': 9595.901, 'text': "And it's very easy not to do the work, and it's very easy to drift away.", 'start': 9588.375, 'duration': 7.526}, {'end': 9597.282, 'text': "And I think most people don't do the work.", 'start': 9595.961, 'duration': 1.321}], 'summary': "Human relationships require work, thinking, and creating conditions to thrive. most people don't put in the required effort.", 'duration': 28.072, 'max_score': 9569.21, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I9569210.jpg'}, {'end': 9672.823, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9648.908, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 9660.053, 'text': 'different religious backgrounds that in general young people do not know that the only way to make a marriage work is through a lot of pain and overcoming.', 'start': 9648.908, 'duration': 11.145}, {'end': 9664.977, 'text': "They don't know that raising children involves a great deal of pain.", 'start': 9660.633, 'duration': 4.344}, {'end': 9672.823, 'text': "They don't know that caring for and helping your parents approach the end of their lives causes a great deal of pain.", 'start': 9665.037, 'duration': 7.786}], 'summary': 'Young people unaware of the challenges in marriage, child-rearing, and caregiving.', 'duration': 23.915, 'max_score': 9648.908, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I9648908.jpg'}], 'start': 8527.619, 'title': "Nationalism and ayn rand's impact", 'summary': "Delves into the virtues of nationalism, emphasizing the importance of independent nations for progress and explores ayn rand's impact on family values, expressing concerns about her influence on teenagers and relationships.", 'chapters': [{'end': 8848.367, 'start': 8527.619, 'title': 'The virtue of nationalism', 'summary': 'Explores the empirical observations and moral and practical arguments for the preservation of national states to uphold the freedom of people, emphasizing the importance of independent nations for experimentation and progress in a world of nations that respect each other.', 'duration': 320.748, 'highlights': ["The world is governed best when there are multiple nations, when they're free to experiment and chart their own courses, leading to imitation of successful practices. The argument emphasizes the benefit of multiple nations being free to experiment and chart their own courses, leading to the imitation of successful practices, fostering progress.", 'Human history reached a turning point with the invention of large-scale agriculture, allowing the creation of vast wealth and the establishment of standing armies, leading to the formation of empires. Large-scale agriculture allowed the creation of vast wealth and standing armies, leading to the formation of empires, marking a turning point in human history.', "The book's definition of nationalism emphasizes the principle that the world is governed best when many nations are able to be independent and chart their own course, distinct from the negative connotation associated with Nazi Germany's imperialism. The book's definition of nationalism underscores the belief that the world is governed best when many nations are independent and able to chart their own course, distinguishing it from Nazi Germany's imperialism and negative connotations."]}, {'end': 9253.453, 'start': 8848.588, 'title': 'Love of country and nationalism', 'summary': "Discusses the complex nature of love for one's country and questions the moral philosophy behind the love of nation, exploring its historical and psychological significance.", 'duration': 404.865, 'highlights': ["The concept of love for one's country is explored, with a personal example of the speaker's conflicted feelings towards loving their country, indicating it as a contentious issue. Personal conflict with the love for one's country, influenced by historical and cultural backgrounds.", "The historical and psychological aspects of the love for one's nation are considered, with a focus on the idea of national independence and the formation of nations throughout human history. Discussion of the historical and psychological significance of nations and the love for one's nation.", "The conditional nature of love for one's nation is emphasized, with the speaker sharing personal experiences of changing alliances and rejecting the previous love for their country. Emphasis on the conditional nature of love for one's nation, influenced by personal experiences."]}, {'end': 9691.795, 'start': 9253.493, 'title': "Ayn rand's impact on family and relationships", 'summary': "Highlights the concerns about ayn rand's influence on family values, expressing the fear of her literature affecting teenagers negatively and the belief that love and relationships require continuous effort and work to thrive.", 'duration': 438.302, 'highlights': ["Ayn Rand's literature is criticized for focusing solely on trade and individualism, erasing the importance of family, marriage, and societal causes.", "The speaker expresses concern about Ayn Rand's literature potentially negatively impacting teenagers by promoting ideas that devalue family, children, and societal contributions.", 'The speaker emphasizes the need for continuous effort and work in relationships and family, contrary to the portrayal of easiness and lack of struggle in popular media such as Hollywood.', 'The speaker highlights the universal truth of love being conditional but also acknowledges the romantic notion of unconditional love and the potential negative impact of constantly emphasizing its conditional nature on society and relationships.', 'The discussion raises the lack of awareness among young people about the inevitable pain and effort required in marriage, raising children, and caring for aging parents, contrasting it with the unrealistic portrayal in popular culture.']}], 'duration': 1164.176, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I8527619.jpg', 'highlights': ['The argument emphasizes the benefit of multiple nations being free to experiment and chart their own courses, fostering progress.', 'Large-scale agriculture allowed the creation of vast wealth and standing armies, leading to the formation of empires, marking a turning point in human history.', "The book's definition of nationalism underscores the belief that the world is governed best when many nations are independent and able to chart their own course, distinguishing it from Nazi Germany's imperialism and negative connotations.", "Discussion of the historical and psychological significance of nations and the love for one's nation.", "Emphasis on the conditional nature of love for one's nation, influenced by personal experiences.", "The speaker expresses concern about Ayn Rand's literature potentially negatively impacting teenagers by promoting ideas that devalue family, children, and societal contributions.", 'The speaker emphasizes the need for continuous effort and work in relationships and family, contrary to the portrayal of easiness and lack of struggle in popular media such as Hollywood.', 'The discussion raises the lack of awareness among young people about the inevitable pain and effort required in marriage, raising children, and caring for aging parents, contrasting it with the unrealistic portrayal in popular culture.']}, {'end': 10675.813, 'segs': [{'end': 9795.737, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9771.23, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 9778.237, 'text': "Her ethics, she's got a few writings on ethics and it's in the novels, but there's a lot of work to be done.", 'start': 9771.23, 'duration': 7.007}, {'end': 9784.463, 'text': "Fleshing it out, what does it mean? So to say Ayn Rand didn't do everything is a truism.", 'start': 9778.517, 'duration': 5.946}, {'end': 9785.644, 'text': "She didn't do everything.", 'start': 9784.864, 'duration': 0.78}, {'end': 9787.129, 'text': 'Okay, so what?', 'start': 9786.488, 'duration': 0.641}, {'end': 9795.737, 'text': 'But she laid this amazing philosophical foundation that allows us to take those principles and to apply them to all these realms of human life.', 'start': 9787.169, 'duration': 8.568}], 'summary': 'Ayn rand laid an amazing philosophical foundation for applying ethical principles to human life.', 'duration': 24.507, 'max_score': 9771.23, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I9771230.jpg'}, {'end': 9934.017, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9903.195, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 9908.281, 'text': "there will be multiple nations trying to apply the principle of applying individual rights, and they'll do it differently.", 'start': 9903.195, 'duration': 5.086}, {'end': 9913.802, 'text': 'One of the benefits of federalism is that, while you have a national government,', 'start': 9908.902, 'duration': 4.9}, {'end': 9918.885, 'text': 'there are certain issues that you relegate to states and they can try different things and learn,', 'start': 9913.802, 'duration': 5.083}, {'end': 9923.109, 'text': 'because there is a huge value and empirical knowledge comes there.', 'start': 9918.885, 'duration': 4.224}, {'end': 9926.031, 'text': "You can't just deduce it all and figure it all out.", 'start': 9923.389, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 9926.912, 'text': 'You have to experiment.', 'start': 9926.071, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 9934.017, 'text': 'So I hate the idea of a one world government because Experimentation is gone.', 'start': 9927.492, 'duration': 6.525}], 'summary': 'Federalism allows states to experiment with different approaches to applying individual rights, promoting empirical knowledge and avoiding a one-world government.', 'duration': 30.822, 'max_score': 9903.195, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I9903195.jpg'}, {'end': 10440.485, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10414.797, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 10421.699, 'text': "Well, I mean I don't believe in God, so God doesn't play a role in my view of the meaning of life.", 'start': 10414.797, 'duration': 6.902}, {'end': 10423.46, 'text': 'I think the meaning of life is to live.', 'start': 10422.139, 'duration': 1.321}, {'end': 10427.821, 'text': 'I like to say to live with a capital L.', 'start': 10424.86, 'duration': 2.961}, {'end': 10432.482, 'text': "It's to embrace it, and I agree with you on that in a sense.", 'start': 10427.821, 'duration': 4.661}, {'end': 10440.485, 'text': "We're born into a world, and as human beings, one of the things that makes us very different than other animals is our capacity to change that world.", 'start': 10432.762, 'duration': 7.723}], 'summary': 'Meaning of life is to live with a capital l, embracing it and our ability to change the world.', 'duration': 25.688, 'max_score': 10414.797, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I10414797.jpg'}], 'start': 9692.396, 'title': "Ayn rand's philosophy and its impact", 'summary': "Discusses the impact of ayn rand's philosophy, the need for further development and application, challenges in making it relatable, importance of diverse nations in protecting individual rights, and the meaning of life and human creativity.", 'chapters': [{'end': 9859.043, 'start': 9692.396, 'title': "Ayn rand's impact and unfinished work", 'summary': "Discusses the impact of ayn rand's philosophy, the need for further development and application, and the challenges in making it relatable to people in every aspect of life.", 'duration': 166.647, 'highlights': ["Ayn Rand's philosophy lays a strong foundational framework, but there is still a lot of work needed for its application and development in various aspects of human life.", 'Objectivism has not taken off due to the significant amount of work required to make it relatable to people in all aspects of life.', "Ayn Rand's scope of work, from metaphysics to aesthetics, is vast and original, but there is room for debate and further development in various aspects of her philosophy.", "The Talmud, written by many over a long period, is compared to Ayn Rand's individual work, highlighting the need for further development and application of her philosophy.", "The chapter also acknowledges the need for Ayn Rand's students to further develop her philosophy in areas such as relationships and political theory."]}, {'end': 10292.894, 'start': 9859.143, 'title': 'The future of nations and human civilization', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of diverse nations in protecting individual rights, the value of federalism in promoting experimentation, and the hope for the future based on historical trends and human nature.', 'duration': 433.751, 'highlights': ['The importance of diverse nations in protecting individual rights and promoting experimentation, with the value of federalism in allowing different approaches to be tested and learned from.', 'The long-term optimism based on historical trends and the belief that good ideas ultimately prevail, despite short-term pessimism.', 'The hope for the future based on the capacity of human beings to think, reason, learn, and create, as well as the historical example of enslaved people achieving independence and worth.', 'The traditional hope based on the idea that truth has its own strength and will eventually prevail, despite the current frightening and challenging trends.']}, {'end': 10675.813, 'start': 10293.594, 'title': 'The meaning of life and human creativity', 'summary': 'Discusses the meaning of life and human creativity, emphasizing the ability to change the world materially and spiritually, the joy of creating a little universe through family, and the importance of living fully and challenging oneself to make the most of the short period of time on earth.', 'duration': 382.219, 'highlights': ['The meaning of life is to live with a capital L, embracing life fully, including changing the world materially and spiritually. Emphasizes the capacity of human beings to change the world materially and spiritually, and the joy of creating a little universe through family.', 'The importance of living fully and challenging oneself to make the most of the short period of time on Earth. Stresses the significance of living fully and making the most of the short period of time on Earth.', 'The inspiration drawn from people in realms like Silicon Valley who are still creating new ventures and new ideas. Highlights the inspiration drawn from people in realms like Silicon Valley who are still creating new ventures and new ideas.']}], 'duration': 983.417, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/Q24cpnHzx8I/pics/Q24cpnHzx8I9692396.jpg', 'highlights': ["Ayn Rand's philosophy lays a strong foundational framework, but there is still a lot of work needed for its application and development in various aspects of human life.", 'The importance of diverse nations in protecting individual rights and promoting experimentation, with the value of federalism in allowing different approaches to be tested and learned from.', 'The meaning of life is to live with a capital L, embracing life fully, including changing the world materially and spiritually. Emphasizes the capacity of human beings to change the world materially and spiritually, and the joy of creating a little universe through family.']}], 'highlights': ['The episode features a conversation between Yaron Brook, an objectivist philosopher, and Yoram Hazoni, a national conservatism thinker, discussing the tension between nationalism and individualism in a respectful and empathetic manner.', 'Conservatism emphasizes the contextual and evolving nature of tradition and history.', 'Ayn Rand challenges traditional philosophers, offering a different perspective on politics and epistemology.', 'The Articles of Confederation, influenced by the French Revolution, proved to be a disaster due to lack of historical experience.', 'The chapter explores the tension between individual freedoms and the importance of cohesion in creating a cohesive union, as highlighted in the founding documents.', 'The books of Moses announcing the individual created in the image of God marked a significant change in civilization, without precedent before that in history.', 'The collapse of willingness to make choices for the whole society leads to a decrease in marriage, children, and risk-taking, impacting societal well-being.', 'The argument emphasizes the benefit of multiple nations being free to experiment and chart their own courses, fostering progress.', "Ayn Rand's philosophy lays a strong foundational framework, but there is still a lot of work needed for its application and development in various aspects of human life."]}