title
DevOps with GitLab CI Course - Build Pipelines and Deploy to AWS

description
This course will teach you how to use GitLab CI to create CI/CD pipelines for building and deploying software to AWS. 🎥 Course created by Valentin Despa. 📚 Course Notes: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-course-public/freecodecamp-gitlab-ci/-/blob/main/docs/course-notes.md 📺 Valentin on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUUl_HXJjU--iYjUkIgEcTw?sub_confirmation=1 🔗 Valentin's website: https://www.vdespa.com 🐦 Valentin on Twitter: https://twitter.com/vdespa ⭐️ Course Contents ⭐️ ⭐️ Unit 1 - Introduction to GitLab ⌨️ Lesson 1 - Welcome (0:00:00​) ⌨️ Lesson 2 - Your first GitLab project (0:03:03​) ⌨️ Lesson 3 - Your first pipeline (0:13:00​) ⌨️ Lesson 4 - Help, my pipeline is not working (0:23:32) ⌨️ Lesson 5 - What is YAML? (0:26:22) ⌨️ Lesson 6 - What is a shell? (0:35:12) ⌨️ Lesson 7 - GitLab architecture (0:37:50) ⌨️ Lesson 8 - Pipeline stages (0:43:14) ⌨️ Lesson 9 - Why do pipelines fail? (0:48:11) ⌨️ Lesson 10 - Job artifacts (0:52:34) ⌨️ Lesson 11 - Testing the build (0:59:02) ⌨️ Lesson 12 - Variables (1:04:33) ⌨️ Lesson 13 - What is DevOps (1:10:27) ⭐️ Unit 2 - Continuous Integration with GitLab CI ⌨️ Lesson 1 - Unit overview (1:16:53) ⌨️ Lesson 2 - Your first GitLab project (1:18:41) ⌨️ Lesson 3 - Building the project (1:22:05) ⌨️ Lesson 4 - Assignment (1:33:10) ⌨️ Lesson 5 - Assignment solution (1:34:43) ⌨️ Lesson 6 - How to integrate changes? (1:40:24) ⌨️ Lesson 7 - Merge requests (1:43:50) ⌨️ Lesson 8 - Code review (1:51:38) ⌨️ Lesson 9 - Integration tests (1:56:29) ⌨️ Lesson 10 - How to structure a pipeline (2:10:53) ⭐️ Unit 3 - Continuous Deployment with GitLab & AWS ⌨️ Lesson 1 - Unit overview (2:16:41) ⌨️ Lesson 2 - A quick introduction to AWS (2:17:14) ⌨️ Lesson 3 - AWS S3 (2:20:57) ⌨️ Lesson 4 - AWS CLI (2:23:35) ⌨️ Lesson 5 - Uploading a file to S3 (2:29:04) ⌨️ Lesson 6 - Masking & protecting variables (2:33:00) ⌨️ Lesson 7 - Identity management with AWS IAM (2:38:49) ⌨️ Lesson 8 - Uploading multiple files to S3 (2:47:54) ⌨️ Lesson 9 - Hosting a website on S3 (2:53:15) ⌨️ Lesson 10 - Controlling when jobs run (3:00:06) ⌨️ Lesson 11 - Post-deployment testing (3:07:03) ⌨️ Lesson 12 - What is CI/CD? (3:13:01) ⌨️ Lesson 13 - Assignment (3:16:47) ⌨️ Lesson 14 - Assignment solution (3:17:26) ⌨️ Lesson 15 - Environments (3:24:40) ⌨️ Lesson 16 - Reusing configuration (3:33:52) ⌨️ Lesson 17 - Assignment (3:36:57) ⌨️ Lesson 18 - Assignment solution (3:40:53) ⌨️ Lesson 19 - Continuous Delivery pipeline (3:44:15) ⭐️ Unit 4 - Deploying a dockerized application to AWS ⌨️ Lesson 1 - Unit overview (3:48:129) ⌨️ Lesson 2 - Introduction to AWS Elastic Beanstalk (3:49:25) ⌨️ Lesson 3 - Creating a new AWS Elastic Beanstalk application (3:51:48) ⌨️ Lesson 4 - Creating the Dockerfile (3:59:02) ⌨️ Lesson 5 - Building the Docker image (4:02:12) ⌨️ Lesson 6 - Docker container registry (4:09:27) ⌨️ Lesson 7 - Testing the container (4:15:59) ⌨️ Lesson 8 - Private registry authentication (4:20:04) ⌨️ Lesson 9 - Deploying to AWS Elastic Beanstalk (4:34:18) ⌨️ Lesson 10 - Post-deployment testing (4:45:54) ⌨️ Lesson 11 - CI/CD recap (4:50:29) ⭐️ Unit 5 - Conclusion ⌨️ Lesson 1 - Final assignment (4:51:37) ⌨️ Lesson 2 - Conclusion (4:55:16) 🎉 Thanks to our Champion and Sponsor supporters: 👾 Raymond Odero 👾 Agustín Kussrow 👾 aldo ferretti 👾 Otis Morgan 👾 DeezMaster -- Learn to code for free and get a developer job: https://www.freecodecamp.org Read hundreds of articles on programming: https://freecodecamp.org/news

detail
{'title': 'DevOps with GitLab CI Course - Build Pipelines and Deploy to AWS', 'heatmap': [{'end': 2493.306, 'start': 2310.018, 'weight': 0.772}, {'end': 3382.101, 'start': 3199.212, 'weight': 0.741}, {'end': 4984.522, 'start': 4618.056, 'weight': 1}, {'end': 6410.446, 'start': 6229.264, 'weight': 0.845}, {'end': 14240.364, 'start': 14055.165, 'weight': 0.721}, {'end': 14772.741, 'start': 14595.087, 'weight': 0.722}], 'summary': "Course 'devops with gitlab ci' provides hands-on experience in building, testing, and deploying software to aws, covering devops concepts and practical demonstrations. it includes setting up aws, ci/cd pipeline optimization, docker image lifecycle, and deploying applications to aws, resulting in successful deployment of version 61 to the environment.", 'chapters': [{'end': 364.37, 'segs': [{'end': 289.961, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 245.062, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 247.162, 'text': "And we're going to create a blank project.", 'start': 245.062, 'duration': 2.1}, {'end': 250.744, 'text': "I'm going to call this project my first pipeline.", 'start': 248.483, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 260.54, 'text': 'I have the option of providing a project subscription, which is optional, and I can also decide on the project visibility, either private,', 'start': 251.59, 'duration': 8.95}, {'end': 268.008, 'text': 'which means that only I or people who I explicitly grant access to can view this project, or public,', 'start': 260.54, 'duration': 7.468}, {'end': 271.692, 'text': 'which means that it can be viewed by anyone without any authentication.', 'start': 268.008, 'duration': 3.684}, {'end': 276.651, 'text': "I'm not going to initialize this project with a readme file.", 'start': 273.208, 'duration': 3.443}, {'end': 280.254, 'text': "I'm going to simply go ahead and click create project.", 'start': 276.671, 'duration': 3.583}, {'end': 289.961, 'text': 'This GitLab project allows us to store files and to use Git to keep track of changes and also to collaborate with others on this project.', 'start': 280.934, 'duration': 9.027}], 'summary': "Creating a project named 'my first pipeline' with options for visibility and subscription, and using gitlab for collaboration and version control.", 'duration': 44.899, 'max_score': 245.062, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U245062.jpg'}, {'end': 364.37, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 313.527, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 318.692, 'text': 'The first thing that I like to do is to change a few settings in regards to how this interface looks like.', 'start': 313.527, 'duration': 5.165}, {'end': 334.399, 'text': "So from the user profile, I'll go to preferences and Here from the syntax highlighting theme, what I like to do is to select Monokai.", 'start': 319.332, 'duration': 15.067}, {'end': 336.4, 'text': 'So this is essentially a dark theme.', 'start': 334.839, 'duration': 1.561}, {'end': 344.885, 'text': "And as you probably know, we like to use dark themes because light attracts bugs and we definitely don't want any bugs.", 'start': 337.18, 'duration': 7.705}, {'end': 348.966, 'text': "Now, leaving the joke aside, some people like it, some people don't like it.", 'start': 345.865, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 357.428, 'text': "I prefer to use a dark theme when writing code, but totally agree that depends on everyone's preference on how to use this.", 'start': 349.586, 'duration': 7.842}, {'end': 361.009, 'text': 'There are also some other settings I want you to do right now in the beginning.', 'start': 357.848, 'duration': 3.161}, {'end': 364.37, 'text': "I'm going to scroll here a bit further down.", 'start': 361.029, 'duration': 3.341}], 'summary': 'Changing interface settings, selecting monokai dark theme for syntax highlighting, and discussing preferences for coding environment.', 'duration': 50.843, 'max_score': 313.527, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U313527.jpg'}], 'start': 0.009, 'title': 'Learning devops with gitlab ci & aws', 'summary': 'Covers hands-on experience with gitlab ci for building, testing, and deploying software to aws, focusing on devops concepts and offering a practical course. it requires no coding knowledge and includes a free trial account on gitlab.com.', 'chapters': [{'end': 110.187, 'start': 0.009, 'title': 'Gitlab ci for aws deployment', 'summary': 'Introduces gitlab ci and devops, aiming to teach beginners how to use gitlab ci to build, test, and deploy software to aws, focusing on automation and requiring no coding knowledge.', 'duration': 110.178, 'highlights': ['The chapter introduces GitLab CI and DevOps, aiming to teach beginners how to use GitLab CI to build, test, and deploy software to AWS. This sets the overall objective of the chapter, highlighting the focus on GitLab CI and DevOps for beginners.', "During the course, we'll create a pipeline that takes a simple website, builds a container, tests it and deploys it to the Amazon Web Services Cloud, also called AWS. Provides a specific goal of creating a pipeline to build, test, and deploy a website to AWS, emphasizing practical application.", 'This course focuses on GitLab CI, but the course notes are packed with resources I recommend exploring if unfamiliar with a specific topic. Emphasizes the focus on GitLab CI while also acknowledging the availability of additional resources for unfamiliar topics.']}, {'end': 364.37, 'start': 110.907, 'title': 'Learning devops with gitlab ci & aws', 'summary': 'Covers hands-on experience building pipelines and deploying software to aws, focusing on devops concepts, and using gitlab ci with a free trial account on gitlab.com, offering a practical and action-packed course.', 'duration': 253.463, 'highlights': ['The course provides hands-on experience building pipelines and deploying software to AWS. The course offers practical experience in building pipelines and deploying software to AWS, providing a practical learning approach.', 'The focus is on learning DevOps concepts with practical assignments. The course emphasizes learning DevOps concepts through practical assignments, enhancing the understanding of DevOps principles.', 'Using GitLab CI with a free trial account on GitLab.com is encouraged. The course encourages using GitLab CI with a free trial account on GitLab.com, facilitating hands-on experience with the tool.', 'The instructor recommends using a dark theme for syntax highlighting in the GitLab interface. The instructor recommends using a dark theme for syntax highlighting to improve the coding experience in the GitLab interface.']}], 'duration': 364.361, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U9.jpg', 'highlights': ['The course offers practical experience in building pipelines and deploying software to AWS, providing a practical learning approach.', 'The course emphasizes learning DevOps concepts through practical assignments, enhancing the understanding of DevOps principles.', 'Provides a specific goal of creating a pipeline to build, test, and deploy a website to AWS, emphasizing practical application.', 'The course encourages using GitLab CI with a free trial account on GitLab.com, facilitating hands-on experience with the tool.', 'Emphasizes the focus on GitLab CI while also acknowledging the availability of additional resources for unfamiliar topics.']}, {'end': 1982.306, 'segs': [{'end': 661.551, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 637.031, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 642.856, 'text': 'So if you can invest five minutes now and get this done, it will save you hours later.', 'start': 637.031, 'duration': 5.825}, {'end': 647.64, 'text': 'You can use your own infrastructure to run GitLab, but it is more complex.', 'start': 643.536, 'duration': 4.104}, {'end': 651.783, 'text': 'And from my experience of training thousands of students,', 'start': 648.16, 'duration': 3.623}, {'end': 661.551, 'text': 'is that people new to GitLab who use their own infrastructure have issues running their pipelines and waste a lot of time trying to get them to run properly.', 'start': 651.783, 'duration': 9.768}], 'summary': "Using gitlab's infrastructure saves hours, as new users often face pipeline issues.", 'duration': 24.52, 'max_score': 637.031, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U637031.jpg'}, {'end': 761.601, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 738.457, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 747.852, 'text': "and what we're interested in is firstly seeing this message here, hello world, And additionally,", 'start': 738.457, 'duration': 9.395}, {'end': 755.837, 'text': "what we're also interested in seeing here is seeing this text here, which says pulling Docker image.", 'start': 747.852, 'duration': 7.985}, {'end': 761.601, 'text': 'This is very important, not for this job itself, but what we are going to do throughout the course.', 'start': 756.438, 'duration': 5.163}], 'summary': "Interested in 'hello world' message and 'pulling docker image' text.", 'duration': 23.144, 'max_score': 738.457, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U738457.jpg'}, {'end': 1020.393, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 991.456, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 994.736, 'text': "We're going to use folders, we're going to use files, we're going to use some text.", 'start': 991.456, 'duration': 3.28}, {'end': 999.177, 'text': "So let's begin with the first command, which will create a new folder.", 'start': 995.657, 'duration': 3.52}, {'end': 1003.938, 'text': 'Now, we want to put this into a folder which is called build.', 'start': 999.937, 'duration': 4.001}, {'end': 1009.099, 'text': "So on the next line, I'm going to use a command that will create a folder.", 'start': 1004.338, 'duration': 4.761}, {'end': 1011.119, 'text': 'This command is called make dir.', 'start': 1009.379, 'duration': 1.74}, {'end': 1013.58, 'text': "And I'm going to call this folder build.", 'start': 1012.06, 'duration': 1.52}, {'end': 1020.393, 'text': "So now we have a folder and let's go to the next line and actually create a file.", 'start': 1015.387, 'duration': 5.006}], 'summary': "Demonstration of creating a folder named 'build' and a file using commands.", 'duration': 28.937, 'max_score': 991.456, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U991456.jpg'}, {'end': 1215.89, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1186.412, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 1195.917, 'text': "So just to make sure I don't make any mistakes, I can always go ahead and copy paste the value of the file, the name of the file.", 'start': 1186.412, 'duration': 9.505}, {'end': 1199.519, 'text': 'And of course, we can also go ahead and add the other steps.', 'start': 1196.417, 'duration': 3.102}, {'end': 1204.643, 'text': 'So which other steps did we add? For example, we wanted to add a keyboard.', 'start': 1200.08, 'duration': 4.563}, {'end': 1209.345, 'text': "I'm going to add this again with a new command.", 'start': 1206.923, 'duration': 2.422}, {'end': 1213.268, 'text': 'And I think that should be it.', 'start': 1210.766, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 1215.89, 'text': 'So we have the main board, we have the keyboard.', 'start': 1213.428, 'duration': 2.462}], 'summary': 'Adding file value, name, and keyboard steps to the main board.', 'duration': 29.478, 'max_score': 1186.412, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U1186412.jpg'}, {'end': 1507.093, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1478.825, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 1485.35, 'text': "so, for example, here with the commands and whenever you're writing echo or make deer or touch,", 'start': 1478.825, 'duration': 6.525}, {'end': 1489.414, 'text': 'there needs to be a space between the dash and the command.', 'start': 1485.35, 'duration': 4.064}, {'end': 1495.819, 'text': "this is why, in the beginning, i've asked you to enable this white spaces, so that you can easily see them in your script.", 'start': 1489.414, 'duration': 6.405}, {'end': 1501.251, 'text': 'so if i write something like this, this again will make something weird.', 'start': 1495.819, 'duration': 5.432}, {'end': 1507.093, 'text': 'So it will not show here an error because this is actually valid YAML.', 'start': 1501.672, 'duration': 5.421}], 'summary': 'Proper spacing between dash and command is essential for valid yaml.', 'duration': 28.268, 'max_score': 1478.825, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U1478825.jpg'}, {'end': 1637.574, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1610.201, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 1614.964, 'text': "And sometimes I'm still making mistakes while writing YAML if I'm not paying attention.", 'start': 1610.201, 'duration': 4.763}, {'end': 1624.07, 'text': "If you've already been exposed to formats such as JSON or XML, I'm sure you'll be able to understand the basics around YAML very easily.", 'start': 1614.984, 'duration': 9.086}, {'end': 1630.635, 'text': 'Actually, YAML is a superset of JSON and you can easily convert JSON to YAML.', 'start': 1624.611, 'duration': 6.024}, {'end': 1637.574, 'text': 'Both XML, JSON, and YAML are human-readable data interchange formats.', 'start': 1631.53, 'duration': 6.044}], 'summary': 'Yaml is a superset of json, easily convertible, and human-readable interchange format.', 'duration': 27.373, 'max_score': 1610.201, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U1610201.jpg'}, {'end': 1929.81, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 1884.332, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 1891.238, 'text': 'And essentially by using this indentation, we show that street, city and zip, they all belong to address.', 'start': 1884.332, 'duration': 6.906}, {'end': 1896.643, 'text': "If we didn't have this indentation, it would all be a property of something else.", 'start': 1891.899, 'duration': 4.744}, {'end': 1901.387, 'text': "This is why in this case we're using here name, age, hobbies and address.", 'start': 1897.344, 'duration': 4.043}, {'end': 1909.635, 'text': 'These are like properties on the first level and street, city and zip, they are under address.', 'start': 1901.427, 'duration': 8.208}, {'end': 1915.363, 'text': 'In terms of lists, we can also build some more advanced lists.', 'start': 1911.161, 'duration': 4.202}, {'end': 1918.204, 'text': "So this is a very simple list that we've used for hobbies.", 'start': 1915.423, 'duration': 2.781}, {'end': 1924.567, 'text': "But let's say for example, that we want to add here a new key, which is called experience.", 'start': 1918.885, 'duration': 5.682}, {'end': 1929.81, 'text': "And here for the experience, we're going to create a list.", 'start': 1926.088, 'duration': 3.722}], 'summary': 'Demonstrating indentation to organize properties and build advanced lists.', 'duration': 45.478, 'max_score': 1884.332, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U1884332.jpg'}], 'start': 364.39, 'title': 'Gitlab ci pipeline essentials', 'summary': 'Discusses configuring gitlab ci pipeline, enabling white space characters, creating .gitlab-ci.yaml file, and verification process. it covers gitlab ci pipeline overview, validation process, starting a pipeline, using docker, and building a laptop assembly line. additionally, it includes creating folders and files with commands, optimizing jobs, and understanding yaml basics with practical demonstrations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 682.542, 'start': 364.39, 'title': 'Configuring gitlab ci pipeline', 'summary': 'Discusses enabling white space characters in web ide, creating a .gitlab-ci.yaml file, and the verification process for using gitlab.com infrastructure, emphasizing the importance of verification and potential challenges for those without credit cards.', 'duration': 318.152, 'highlights': ['Enabling white space characters in Web IDE is crucial for editing files, and the process for doing so is explained.', 'The creation of a .gitlab-ci.yaml file is outlined, emphasizing the importance of the correct filename and basic content to define the pipelines in GitLab CI.', 'The verification process for using GitLab.com infrastructure is explained, highlighting the use of credit card verification and the potential inconvenience for those without credit cards.']}, {'end': 991.416, 'start': 682.542, 'title': 'Gitlab ci pipeline overview', 'summary': 'Covers the validation process, making a change to the gitlab ci file, starting a pipeline, and understanding the concept of a pipeline through an assembly line analogy, with emphasis on using docker in the execution process and building a laptop assembly line in gitlab ci.', 'duration': 308.874, 'highlights': ['Understanding the concept of a pipeline through an assembly line analogy The chapter compares the process of building software to an assembly line used to manufacture a physical product, highlighting the series of steps and the need to go through similar steps in software production.', 'Using Docker in the execution process The importance of using Docker in the execution process is emphasized, with a specific focus on ensuring that the execution process is utilizing Docker effectively for software production.', "Starting a pipeline and making a change to the GitLab CI file The process of starting a pipeline and making a change to the GitLab CI file to initiate the execution process is demonstrated, with the mention of monitoring the pipeline's progress and accessing job logs.", 'Building a laptop assembly line in GitLab CI The chapter explains the process of building a laptop assembly line in GitLab CI, using a job to execute commands, and provides insights into avoiding common mistakes when writing commands in YAML.']}, {'end': 1431.231, 'start': 991.456, 'title': 'Creating folders and files with commands', 'summary': 'Covers creating folders and files using commands like make dir and touch, adding text to a file using echo, and checking file contents using cat, with a focus on optimizing the job by specifying a lightweight linux distribution and running the pipeline successfully.', 'duration': 439.775, 'highlights': ['Optimizing job with lightweight Linux distribution Using Alpine Linux, a lightweight distribution, to speed up job execution and improve efficiency.', 'Running pipeline successfully Ensuring the successful execution of the pipeline, including creating folders, putting files inside the folder, adding text to files, and checking file contents.', 'Using commands like make dir and touch to create folders and files Demonstrating the use of commands like make dir and touch to create folders and empty files within those folders.', 'Adding text to a file using echo command Illustrating the use of the echo command to add text to a file, as well as redirecting the output to the specified file.', 'Checking file contents using cat command Explaining the utilization of the cat command to view the contents of a file and ensure the successful addition of text.']}, {'end': 1982.306, 'start': 1431.231, 'title': 'Understanding yaml basics', 'summary': 'Covers the importance of columns, spaces, and indentation in yaml, with examples and tips for avoiding errors, and the significance of yaml in devops and its relationship with json and xml, concluding with a practical demonstration of key-value pairs, lists, and nested structures.', 'duration': 551.075, 'highlights': ['YAML utilizes columns, spaces, and indentation to define key-value pairs, lists, and nested structures, with examples and tips for avoiding errors. The importance of columns, spaces, and indentation in YAML is emphasized, with the example of defining key-value pairs, lists, and nested structures. It is stressed that errors can be avoided by ensuring the correct usage of these elements.', "YAML's significance in DevOps and its relationship with JSON and XML is explained, highlighting its use for storing configuration. YAML is highlighted as being commonly used for storing configuration, particularly in the context of DevOps. Its relationship with JSON and XML is mentioned, with YAML being described as a human-readable data interchange format.", 'The practical demonstration of creating key-value pairs, lists, and nested structures in YAML is provided, showcasing the process and importance of proper indentation. A practical demonstration of creating key-value pairs, lists, and nested structures in YAML is presented. The significance of proper indentation for defining the structure and scope of values is emphasized.']}], 'duration': 1617.916, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U364390.jpg', 'highlights': ['The creation of a .gitlab-ci.yaml file is outlined, emphasizing the importance of the correct filename and basic content to define the pipelines in GitLab CI.', "Starting a pipeline and making a change to the GitLab CI file to initiate the execution process is demonstrated, with the mention of monitoring the pipeline's progress and accessing job logs.", 'Understanding the concept of a pipeline through an assembly line analogy, highlighting the series of steps and the need to go through similar steps in software production.', 'Using Docker in the execution process is emphasized, with a specific focus on ensuring that the execution process is utilizing Docker effectively for software production.', 'Optimizing job with lightweight Linux distribution Using Alpine Linux, a lightweight distribution, to speed up job execution and improve efficiency.', 'Running pipeline successfully Ensuring the successful execution of the pipeline, including creating folders, putting files inside the folder, adding text to files, and checking file contents.', 'YAML utilizes columns, spaces, and indentation to define key-value pairs, lists, and nested structures, with examples and tips for avoiding errors.', "YAML's significance in DevOps and its relationship with JSON and XML is explained, highlighting its use for storing configuration.", 'The practical demonstration of creating key-value pairs, lists, and nested structures in YAML is provided, showcasing the process and importance of proper indentation.']}, {'end': 3142.152, 'segs': [{'end': 2276.318, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2225.472, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 2232.855, 'text': 'The shell is simply the outer layer of the system, the only thing that we can see from outside and interact with.', 'start': 2225.472, 'duration': 7.383}, {'end': 2237.157, 'text': 'So we send these commands to the system and the system will run them.', 'start': 2233.575, 'duration': 3.582}, {'end': 2239.118, 'text': 'This is how we can interact with it.', 'start': 2237.537, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 2247.273, 'text': 'When using GitLab CI, we essentially automate a set of commands which we execute in a particular order.', 'start': 2240.031, 'duration': 7.242}, {'end': 2252.515, 'text': "While I will explain every command that we'll be using throughout the course.", 'start': 2248.073, 'duration': 4.442}, {'end': 2257.656, 'text': "if this is something new, there's absolutely no replacement for trying things on your own.", 'start': 2252.515, 'duration': 5.141}, {'end': 2267.399, 'text': 'Please see the resources in the course notes for this lesson on setting up a Linux environment on your own computer and which Linux commands you should know.', 'start': 2258.596, 'duration': 8.803}, {'end': 2276.318, 'text': "Let's talk for a minute about the GitLab architecture.", 'start': 2273.697, 'duration': 2.621}], 'summary': 'Interact with the shell to execute commands in gitlab ci, automate commands in a particular order, and understand gitlab architecture.', 'duration': 50.846, 'max_score': 2225.472, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U2225472.jpg'}, {'end': 2493.306, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 2310.018, 'weight': 0.772, 'content': [{'end': 2317.981, 'text': 'A working GitLab setup must have at least one runner, but quite often there are more of them to help distribute the load.', 'start': 2310.018, 'duration': 7.963}, {'end': 2327.745, 'text': 'A runner will retrieve a set of instructions from the GitLab server, download and start the Docker image specified,', 'start': 2319.281, 'duration': 8.464}, {'end': 2331.128, 'text': 'get the files from the project Git repository,', 'start': 2327.745, 'duration': 3.383}, {'end': 2338.014, 'text': 'run all the commands specified in the job and report back the result of the execution to the GitLab server.', 'start': 2331.128, 'duration': 6.886}, {'end': 2342.457, 'text': 'Once the job has finished, the Docker container will be destroyed.', 'start': 2338.914, 'duration': 3.543}, {'end': 2347.421, 'text': 'If Docker is something new to you, check the course notes for a quick introduction.', 'start': 2343.658, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 2359.646, 'text': "What's important to know is that the Git repository of the project will not contain any of the files created during the job execution.", 'start': 2349.383, 'duration': 10.263}, {'end': 2361.187, 'text': "let's go back to our project.", 'start': 2359.646, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 2364.849, 'text': "you will see here that inside the git repository there's no build folder.", 'start': 2361.187, 'duration': 3.662}, {'end': 2368.211, 'text': "there's no computer.txt.", 'start': 2364.849, 'duration': 3.362}, {'end': 2370.092, 'text': 'so what exactly is happening?', 'start': 2368.211, 'duration': 1.881}, {'end': 2375.935, 'text': "let's go inside one of the jobs and quickly go through the log so that you can understand what is going on.", 'start': 2370.092, 'duration': 5.843}, {'end': 2383.352, 'text': "So right here on top, you'll have information about the runner that is executing the job.", 'start': 2378.291, 'duration': 5.061}, {'end': 2386.553, 'text': 'And a runner will also have an executor.', 'start': 2384.612, 'duration': 1.941}, {'end': 2389.474, 'text': 'In this case, the executor is Docker machine.', 'start': 2387.113, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 2395.815, 'text': 'And here on line four, you will see here which image is being downloaded.', 'start': 2390.674, 'duration': 5.141}, {'end': 2401.316, 'text': "And you'll see here pulling Docker image Alpine because this is what we have specified.", 'start': 2396.995, 'duration': 4.321}, {'end': 2404.657, 'text': 'And then essentially the environment is being prepared.', 'start': 2402.317, 'duration': 2.34}, {'end': 2410.382, 'text': 'And then in the upcoming steps, you get the files from the Git repository.', 'start': 2405.717, 'duration': 4.665}, {'end': 2416.107, 'text': 'So essentially all the files that you have inside the Git repository will also be available here inside the runner.', 'start': 2410.662, 'duration': 5.445}, {'end': 2419.189, 'text': 'So, after this point, the Docker container has been started,', 'start': 2416.927, 'duration': 2.262}, {'end': 2424.754, 'text': 'you have all the project files and then you start executing the commands that you have specified inside a pipeline.', 'start': 2419.189, 'duration': 5.565}, {'end': 2431.031, 'text': "So in this case, we're creating the folder, we're creating these files, we're putting some text inside there.", 'start': 2425.609, 'duration': 5.422}, {'end': 2434.712, 'text': "And then at the end, we're not doing anything else.", 'start': 2431.831, 'duration': 2.881}, {'end': 2442.295, 'text': 'So the job succeeds because there are no errors and the container is destroyed.', 'start': 2435.532, 'duration': 6.763}, {'end': 2449.8, 'text': 'So this Docker container that has been created in the beginning, just maybe a few seconds ago, is then destroyed.', 'start': 2443.277, 'duration': 6.523}, {'end': 2451.721, 'text': 'You cannot log into it.', 'start': 2450.18, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 2453.301, 'text': 'You cannot see it anymore.', 'start': 2452.001, 'duration': 1.3}, {'end': 2454.582, 'text': "It doesn't exist anymore.", 'start': 2453.381, 'duration': 1.201}, {'end': 2459.704, 'text': 'So it has done its job, has executed these commands that we have specified, and then it has been destroyed.', 'start': 2454.602, 'duration': 5.102}, {'end': 2466.147, 'text': 'Since every job runs in a container, this allows for isolation and flexibility.', 'start': 2460.664, 'duration': 5.483}, {'end': 2474.773, 'text': 'By having our job configuration stored in the YAML file, we describe how the environment where the job is running should look like.', 'start': 2467.145, 'duration': 7.628}, {'end': 2481.461, 'text': "In practice, we don't know or care which machine has actually executed the job.", 'start': 2475.714, 'duration': 5.747}, {'end': 2486.947, 'text': 'Also, this architecture ensures that we can add or remove runners as needed.', 'start': 2482.642, 'duration': 4.305}, {'end': 2493.306, 'text': 'While the GitLab server is a complex piece of software composed of multiple services,', 'start': 2488.203, 'duration': 5.103}], 'summary': 'A gitlab setup requires at least one runner, often more, to distribute load. runners retrieve instructions, use docker for execution, and ensure file isolation. yaml file configures job environment for isolation and flexibility.', 'duration': 183.288, 'max_score': 2310.018, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U2310018.jpg'}, {'end': 2359.646, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2331.128, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 2338.014, 'text': 'run all the commands specified in the job and report back the result of the execution to the GitLab server.', 'start': 2331.128, 'duration': 6.886}, {'end': 2342.457, 'text': 'Once the job has finished, the Docker container will be destroyed.', 'start': 2338.914, 'duration': 3.543}, {'end': 2347.421, 'text': 'If Docker is something new to you, check the course notes for a quick introduction.', 'start': 2343.658, 'duration': 3.763}, {'end': 2359.646, 'text': "What's important to know is that the Git repository of the project will not contain any of the files created during the job execution.", 'start': 2349.383, 'duration': 10.263}], 'summary': 'Execute specified commands, report results to gitlab, destroy docker container after job completion.', 'duration': 28.518, 'max_score': 2331.128, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U2331128.jpg'}, {'end': 2528.58, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2502.071, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 2506.114, 'text': 'Now, right here on top of the job, you have seen some information in regards to the runner.', 'start': 2502.071, 'duration': 4.043}, {'end': 2513.859, 'text': "So the question is, where is this job actually running? And to be able to understand it, we'll have to go here to the project settings.", 'start': 2506.234, 'duration': 7.625}, {'end': 2522.957, 'text': "ci cd and here we're gonna expand runners and you'll see here two categories.", 'start': 2514.853, 'duration': 8.104}, {'end': 2528.58, 'text': 'there are specific runners and they are shared runners.', 'start': 2522.957, 'duration': 5.623}], 'summary': 'The job runs on specific and shared runners in ci/cd.', 'duration': 26.509, 'max_score': 2502.071, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U2502071.jpg'}, {'end': 2856.916, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2825.489, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 2827.891, 'text': "So let's commit these changes and take a look again at the pipeline.", 'start': 2825.489, 'duration': 2.402}, {'end': 2835.677, 'text': "If we're looking at the pipeline, we'll be able to see now the two stages that we have, build and test.", 'start': 2830.173, 'duration': 5.504}, {'end': 2838.899, 'text': 'So these stages will run one after the other.', 'start': 2836.297, 'duration': 2.602}, {'end': 2844.223, 'text': 'This stage does not start until the build stage is over.', 'start': 2839.82, 'duration': 4.403}, {'end': 2847.986, 'text': 'So first we have to build a laptop and then we can start with a test.', 'start': 2844.623, 'duration': 3.363}, {'end': 2851.675, 'text': 'Unfortunately, this is still failing.', 'start': 2849.494, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 2856.916, 'text': 'So in this case, we really have to take a look inside this job and understand what is going on.', 'start': 2852.115, 'duration': 4.801}], 'summary': 'Pipeline has two stages, build and test, running sequentially. test stage failed.', 'duration': 31.427, 'max_score': 2825.489, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U2825489.jpg'}, {'end': 2987.607, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 2917.756, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 2923.018, 'text': 'An exit code 0 will indicate that the program has executed successfully.', 'start': 2917.756, 'duration': 5.262}, {'end': 2931.221, 'text': 'Any other exit code, which can be a number from 1 to 255, will indicate failure.', 'start': 2924.259, 'duration': 6.962}, {'end': 2937.903, 'text': 'So in this case, exit code 1 is not a 0, so it means something has failed.', 'start': 2932.001, 'duration': 5.902}, {'end': 2943.701, 'text': 'This exit code is issued by one of the commands that we have in our script.', 'start': 2939.517, 'duration': 4.184}, {'end': 2949.966, 'text': 'As soon as one of these commands will execute an exit code, the execution of the job will stop.', 'start': 2944.982, 'duration': 4.984}, {'end': 2957.513, 'text': "In this case, we have only one command, so it's relatively easy to figure out which command has issued this exit code.", 'start': 2951.187, 'duration': 6.326}, {'end': 2962.237, 'text': 'Most likely, it is the last command that you see here inside the logs.', 'start': 2958.193, 'duration': 4.044}, {'end': 2972.959, 'text': "So in this case, what test is trying us to tell is that it has tested for the existence of this file and couldn't find it.", 'start': 2963.356, 'duration': 9.603}, {'end': 2979.441, 'text': 'If the file would have been there, would have gotten an exit code zero and the execution would have continued.', 'start': 2973.479, 'duration': 5.962}, {'end': 2987.607, 'text': 'In this case, the file is for some reason not there and we have retrieved an exit code 1.', 'start': 2980.583, 'duration': 7.024}], 'summary': 'Exit code 1 indicates failure, likely due to missing file.', 'duration': 69.851, 'max_score': 2917.756, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U2917756.jpg'}], 'start': 1982.306, 'title': 'Writing gitlab ci pipelines', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of correct indentation in writing gitlab ci pipelines, the use of linux commands in gitlab for automation, and the need to define separate build and test stages in the pipeline to ensure proper execution.', 'chapters': [{'end': 2097.68, 'start': 1982.306, 'title': 'Importance of indentation in writing gitlab ci pipelines', 'summary': "Emphasizes the importance of correct indentation in writing gitlab ci pipelines, as incorrect indentation can lead to errors, and highlights the significance of adhering to gitlab's guidelines for key value pairs and naming conventions in job configurations.", 'duration': 115.374, 'highlights': ['The importance of correct indentation in writing GitLab CI pipelines is emphasized, as incorrect indentation can lead to errors.', "Adherence to GitLab's guidelines for key value pairs and naming conventions in job configurations is highlighted as essential for pipeline design."]}, {'end': 2688.19, 'start': 2098.12, 'title': 'Using linux and linux commands in gitlab', 'summary': 'Covers the use of linux commands in gitlab for automation, emphasizing the use of command line interface (cli), the architecture of gitlab, and the use of docker containers to execute jobs in pipelines, with a focus on flexibility and isolation.', 'duration': 590.07, 'highlights': ['The use of Linux commands such as echo, touch, mcdir, and cat in GitLab for automation.', 'The architecture of GitLab for working with pipelines, including the role of the GitLab server and GitLab runner, with the ability to add or remove runners as needed.', 'The use of Docker containers to execute jobs in GitLab pipelines, ensuring isolation and flexibility, and the automatic destruction of containers after job execution.', "The addition of a test job in the pipeline to verify the presence of specific files using the 'test' command with the '-f' flag, ensuring the automation and verification of job execution."]}, {'end': 3142.152, 'start': 2690.678, 'title': 'Pipeline stages and job dependencies', 'summary': 'Discusses the need to define separate build and test stages in the pipeline to ensure proper execution, with an emphasis on the relationship between job dependencies and stage execution, as well as the impact of job failures on the pipeline.', 'duration': 451.474, 'highlights': ['Defining Stages and Job Assignments The need to define separate build and test stages in the pipeline is emphasized, with a specific focus on assigning jobs to their respective stages for sequential execution.', 'Understanding Job Dependencies The importance of job dependencies is highlighted, underscoring the necessity for the test job to depend on the completion of the build job for proper execution.', 'Impact of Job Failures on Pipeline Execution The impact of job failures on the entire pipeline is explained, emphasizing that pipeline execution halts if a job fails, with a demonstration of how a failed job disrupts the subsequent stages.']}], 'duration': 1159.846, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U1982306.jpg', 'highlights': ['The use of Docker containers to execute jobs in GitLab pipelines, ensuring isolation and flexibility, and the automatic destruction of containers after job execution.', "The addition of a test job in the pipeline to verify the presence of specific files using the 'test' command with the '-f' flag, ensuring the automation and verification of job execution.", 'The importance of correct indentation in writing GitLab CI pipelines is emphasized, as incorrect indentation can lead to errors.', "Adherence to GitLab's guidelines for key value pairs and naming conventions in job configurations is highlighted as essential for pipeline design.", 'Defining separate build and test stages in the pipeline is emphasized, with a specific focus on assigning jobs to their respective stages for sequential execution.', 'Understanding job dependencies is highlighted, underscoring the necessity for the test job to depend on the completion of the build job for proper execution.', 'The impact of job failures on the entire pipeline is explained, emphasizing that pipeline execution halts if a job fails, with a demonstration of how a failed job disrupts the subsequent stages.', 'The use of Linux commands such as echo, touch, mcdir, and cat in GitLab for automation.', 'The architecture of GitLab for working with pipelines, including the role of the GitLab server and GitLab runner, with the ability to add or remove runners as needed.']}, {'end': 4138.604, 'segs': [{'end': 3382.101, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 3199.212, 'weight': 0.741, 'content': [{'end': 3205.536, 'text': 'This test file will always tell us that there is no file there, because from where could this file come?', 'start': 3199.212, 'duration': 6.324}, {'end': 3213.801, 'text': 'Now, does this mean that we can only use a single job, meaning that we need to move this command here to test inside the build laptop?', 'start': 3206.276, 'duration': 7.525}, {'end': 3219.525, 'text': 'Well, that would be very inconvenient, because then would have a big job that does everything.', 'start': 3215.042, 'duration': 4.483}, {'end': 3225.384, 'text': 'and would kind of lose the overview of what our pipeline steps really are.', 'start': 3220.541, 'duration': 4.843}, {'end': 3229.286, 'text': 'Now, there is a way to save the output of the job.', 'start': 3226.084, 'duration': 3.202}, {'end': 3236.81, 'text': 'In this case, the output of the job, what we are actually interested in this job is this file, including this folder.', 'start': 3230.106, 'duration': 6.704}, {'end': 3241.492, 'text': 'And GitLab has this concept of artifacts.', 'start': 3238.35, 'duration': 3.142}, {'end': 3244.634, 'text': 'Now, an artifact is essentially a job output.', 'start': 3241.952, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 3248.636, 'text': "It's something that's coming out of the job that we really want to save.", 'start': 3245.134, 'duration': 3.502}, {'end': 3251.519, 'text': "It's not something that we want to throw away.", 'start': 3249.878, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 3260.124, 'text': "For example, we may have used any other files or any other commands within the job, but we're only interested in the final output that we have here.", 'start': 3251.899, 'duration': 8.225}, {'end': 3269.55, 'text': 'So in order to tell GitLab, hey, I really want to keep this file in this folder, we need to define the artifacts.', 'start': 3262.025, 'duration': 7.525}, {'end': 3275.774, 'text': 'So the artifacts are an additional configuration, an additional keyword that we add to our pipeline.', 'start': 3270.731, 'duration': 5.043}, {'end': 3277.855, 'text': "As the name tells, it's artifacts.", 'start': 3276.174, 'duration': 1.681}, {'end': 3283.091, 'text': "Don't write it artifact because GitLab will not recognize that.", 'start': 3280.029, 'duration': 3.062}, {'end': 3288.375, 'text': "And as a property of artifacts, we're going to use paths.", 'start': 3284.592, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 3290.617, 'text': 'Notice it is indented.', 'start': 3289.276, 'duration': 1.341}, {'end': 3291.818, 'text': "It's not a list.", 'start': 3291.017, 'duration': 0.801}, {'end': 3299.063, 'text': 'And then below paths, we can add a folder or a file that we want to save.', 'start': 3292.878, 'duration': 6.185}, {'end': 3305.648, 'text': "Now, in this case, we're going to tell GitLab save everything that is inside this build folder.", 'start': 3299.123, 'duration': 6.525}, {'end': 3311.81, 'text': "So now let's give it a run and see how the pipeline performs this time.", 'start': 3308.089, 'duration': 3.721}, {'end': 3322.418, 'text': "If we're looking at the pipeline execution, we now see that both building the laptop and testing the laptop are successful.", 'start': 3313.914, 'duration': 8.504}, {'end': 3325.96, 'text': 'So what exactly has happened behind the scenes?', 'start': 3323.539, 'duration': 2.421}, {'end': 3330.202, 'text': 'Did we reuse the same Docker container or what has happened there??', 'start': 3326.58, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 3334.504, 'text': 'Well, to understand exactly what has happened and how these jobs now work,', 'start': 3330.922, 'duration': 3.582}, {'end': 3341.467, 'text': 'we have to go inside the logs and we try to understand what exactly did this build job do differently this time?', 'start': 3334.504, 'duration': 6.963}, {'end': 3350.336, 'text': 'And what I want you to notice here is that, towards the end, if you compare it to the logs of the previous job,', 'start': 3342.873, 'duration': 7.463}, {'end': 3352.877, 'text': 'we also have this indication that something is happening.', 'start': 3350.336, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 3356.359, 'text': 'And it will tell you here uploading artifacts for a successful job.', 'start': 3352.937, 'duration': 3.422}, {'end': 3360.283, 'text': 'and will tell you here which artifacts are being uploaded.', 'start': 3357.259, 'duration': 3.024}, {'end': 3371.135, 'text': "We'll reference here the build folder and says that two files and directories were found and these are being uploaded to the coordinator.", 'start': 3360.643, 'duration': 10.492}, {'end': 3375.4, 'text': 'Now the coordinator, to put it very simply, is essentially the GitLab server.', 'start': 3371.255, 'duration': 4.145}, {'end': 3382.101, 'text': 'So in this case, the runner has finished this job, has noticed inside the configuration oh,', 'start': 3376.277, 'duration': 5.824}], 'summary': 'Gitlab allows saving job artifacts, improving pipeline visibility and performance.', 'duration': 182.889, 'max_score': 3199.212, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U3199212.jpg'}, {'end': 3473.739, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3448.058, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 3457.646, 'text': 'And this is why now this test command is able to find the build folder and the computer.txt file inside it, and the job is passing.', 'start': 3448.058, 'duration': 9.588}, {'end': 3469.375, 'text': "If this job is still failing for some reason, it's always a good idea to take a look at the job that has generated the artifacts.", 'start': 3461.989, 'duration': 7.386}, {'end': 3473.739, 'text': "So in order to do that, again, we're going to go and visit the pipeline.", 'start': 3470.096, 'duration': 3.643}], 'summary': 'Test command finds build folder and computer.txt file, job is passing', 'duration': 25.681, 'max_score': 3448.058, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U3448058.jpg'}, {'end': 3612.955, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 3586.902, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 3592.928, 'text': 'And grab is a CLI tool that allows us to search for a specific string in a file.', 'start': 3586.902, 'duration': 6.026}, {'end': 3596.992, 'text': "So we're going to specify here, for example, the string to be mainboard.", 'start': 3593.549, 'duration': 3.443}, {'end': 3600.957, 'text': "And I'm going to copy it from above just to make sure I don't make any mistakes there.", 'start': 3597.353, 'duration': 3.604}, {'end': 3605.807, 'text': "And we also can specify in which file we're looking for this.", 'start': 3602.062, 'duration': 3.745}, {'end': 3607.949, 'text': 'So we know that this file already exists.', 'start': 3606.127, 'duration': 1.822}, {'end': 3612.955, 'text': 'So this is an additional test here that we are adding on top of this.', 'start': 3608.57, 'duration': 4.385}], 'summary': "Using grab cli tool to search for 'mainboard' in a file.", 'duration': 26.053, 'max_score': 3586.902, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U3586902.jpg'}, {'end': 4039.469, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4007.674, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4013.375, 'text': "Now, this is one way how we can do this, but there's also the possibility of defining a variable block.", 'start': 4007.674, 'duration': 5.701}, {'end': 4018.957, 'text': 'We can go inside the configuration of the job and write something like variables.', 'start': 4013.675, 'duration': 5.282}, {'end': 4021.457, 'text': 'This will not be a list.', 'start': 4020.197, 'duration': 1.26}, {'end': 4022.537, 'text': "That's very important.", 'start': 4021.617, 'duration': 0.92}, {'end': 4034.886, 'text': 'So this will be build file name, column and the value will be laptop.txt.', 'start': 4023.077, 'duration': 11.809}, {'end': 4039.469, 'text': 'so this is essentially almost the same as writing it like this,', 'start': 4034.886, 'duration': 4.583}], 'summary': 'Defining variable block in job configuration, e.g. build file name: laptop.txt', 'duration': 31.795, 'max_score': 4007.674, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U4007674.jpg'}], 'start': 3143.592, 'title': 'Gitlab pipeline artifacts and testing', 'summary': 'Covers the significance of artifacts in gitlab pipelines, focusing on saving job outputs and reusing docker containers, as well as explaining the process of uploading and downloading artifacts. it also emphasizes testing in the pipeline, including introducing intentional errors for reliability and configuring variables to maintain pipeline functionality.', 'chapters': [{'end': 3350.336, 'start': 3143.592, 'title': 'Gitlab pipeline artifacts', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of artifacts in gitlab pipelines, emphasizing how to save job outputs using artifacts, leading to successful execution of pipeline jobs and the ability to reuse docker containers.', 'duration': 206.744, 'highlights': ['The concept of artifacts in GitLab is crucial for saving job outputs, ensuring that only the final output of a job is preserved, as demonstrated by the successful execution of the pipeline jobs.', 'The process of defining artifacts in GitLab involves specifying the paths of the folders or files to be saved, allowing for efficient preservation of specific job outputs within the pipeline.', 'The successful execution of both building the laptop and testing the laptop in the pipeline demonstrates the effectiveness of utilizing artifacts to save and reuse job outputs, showcasing the practical application of this concept.', 'The significance of artifacts in GitLab pipelines is evident in the ability to preserve specific job outputs, such as files within a folder, thereby enabling successful job execution and efficient reuse of Docker containers.', 'The discussion emphasizes the importance of artifacts in GitLab pipelines, highlighting their role in preserving job outputs and enabling successful job execution, ultimately leading to a better understanding of pipeline functionality and Docker container reuse.']}, {'end': 3675.209, 'start': 3350.336, 'title': 'Artifact uploading and downloading process', 'summary': 'Explains the process of uploading and downloading artifacts in the gitlab pipeline, including the transfer of files between jobs and the use of the grab command to check file contents, ensuring successful job completion and artifact validation.', 'duration': 324.873, 'highlights': ['The coordinator, essentially the GitLab server, archives and stores artifacts from a finished job, facilitating their transfer to subsequent jobs within the pipeline. The coordinator, serving as the GitLab server, archives and stores artifacts from a finished job, enabling their transfer to subsequent jobs within the pipeline for processing.', 'The process of downloading artifacts involves retrieving the build folder from the coordinator and copying the files into the new Docker container for use in subsequent jobs, ensuring the continuity of data between stages. Downloading artifacts involves retrieving the build folder from the coordinator and copying the files into the new Docker container, ensuring the continuity of data between stages in the pipeline.', "The use of the grab command allows for automated validation of artifact contents by searching for specific strings, such as 'mainboard' and 'keyboard', within the file, providing an efficient means of verifying the expected file content and ensuring job success. The grab command enables automated validation of artifact contents by searching for specific strings, such as 'mainboard' and 'keyboard', within the file, ensuring the expected content is present and validating job success."]}, {'end': 4138.604, 'start': 3676.052, 'title': 'Testing pipeline and variable configurations', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of testing in the pipeline, including introducing intentional errors to ensure test reliability, and configuring variables to avoid duplication and simplify changes, with a focus on maintaining pipeline functionality.', 'duration': 462.552, 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the importance of testing in the pipeline Testing ensures pipeline reliability and functionality, avoiding useless testing, and gaining confidence in changes.', "Introducing intentional errors to ensure test reliability Introducing errors in the build job to validate the test job's failure, demonstrating the effectiveness of the testing process.", 'Configuring variables to avoid duplication and simplify changes Demonstrating the use of local and global variables, their declaration methods, and their impact on simplifying pipeline configuration changes.']}], 'duration': 995.012, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U3143592.jpg', 'highlights': ['The concept of artifacts in GitLab is crucial for saving job outputs, ensuring that only the final output of a job is preserved, as demonstrated by the successful execution of the pipeline jobs.', 'The coordinator, essentially the GitLab server, archives and stores artifacts from a finished job, facilitating their transfer to subsequent jobs within the pipeline.', 'The chapter emphasizes the importance of testing in the pipeline Testing ensures pipeline reliability and functionality, avoiding useless testing, and gaining confidence in changes.']}, {'end': 5506.222, 'segs': [{'end': 4984.522, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 4618.056, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4628.127, 'text': 'We want to automate any of the manual steps required for integrating the changes of multiple developers and create a pipeline that will build and test the software we are creating.', 'start': 4618.056, 'duration': 10.071}, {'end': 4631.711, 'text': 'In other words, we will do continuous integration.', 'start': 4628.627, 'duration': 3.084}, {'end': 4636.076, 'text': 'Continuous integration is a practice and the first step when doing DevOps.', 'start': 4632.051, 'duration': 4.025}, {'end': 4639.399, 'text': "Usually, we're not the only ones working on a project.", 'start': 4636.616, 'duration': 2.783}, {'end': 4645.804, 'text': "And when we're doing continuous integration, we're integrating our code with the code other developers created.", 'start': 4639.799, 'duration': 6.005}, {'end': 4653.21, 'text': 'It means that every time we make changes to the code, that code is being tested and integrated with the work someone else did.', 'start': 4646.264, 'duration': 6.946}, {'end': 4660.375, 'text': 'It is called continuous integration because we integrate work continuously as it happens.', 'start': 4654.111, 'duration': 6.264}, {'end': 4662.856, 'text': "We don't wait for anything to do that.", 'start': 4660.895, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 4671.081, 'text': "We don't want to integrate work once per week or once per month as it can already be too late or too costly to resolve some issues.", 'start': 4663.276, 'duration': 7.805}, {'end': 4675.784, 'text': 'The more we wait, the higher the chances we will run into integration issues.', 'start': 4671.641, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 4681.669, 'text': 'In this unit, we will use GitLab to verify any changes and integrate them in the project.', 'start': 4676.325, 'duration': 5.344}, {'end': 4683.23, 'text': "I'm going to be honest with you.", 'start': 4682.149, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 4688.394, 'text': 'As we build more advanced pipelines, you will most likely encounter some issues.', 'start': 4683.73, 'duration': 4.664}, {'end': 4693.598, 'text': "If you haven't done it yet, go right now to the video description and open the course notes.", 'start': 4688.914, 'duration': 4.684}, {'end': 4697.341, 'text': 'There you will find important resources and troubleshooting tips.', 'start': 4694.158, 'duration': 3.183}, {'end': 4699.543, 'text': "Finally, let's do a quick recap.", 'start': 4698.081, 'duration': 1.462}, {'end': 4703.486, 'text': 'When we have multiple developers working against the same code.', 'start': 4699.983, 'duration': 3.503}, {'end': 4710.293, 'text': 'repository CI is a pipeline that allows us to add and integrate our changes even multiple times per day.', 'start': 4703.486, 'duration': 6.807}, {'end': 4713.496, 'text': 'What comes out is a new version of the product.', 'start': 4710.753, 'duration': 2.743}, {'end': 4721.404, 'text': "If you're still unsure about continuous integration at this point, don't worry, we'll implement CI in our development process in the upcoming lessons.", 'start': 4714.017, 'duration': 7.387}, {'end': 4727.504, 'text': "For the rest of the course, we'll be using this project.", 'start': 4724.619, 'duration': 2.885}, {'end': 4733.734, 'text': 'This is a simple website built with React, which is a JavaScript technology developed by Facebook.', 'start': 4728.025, 'duration': 5.709}, {'end': 4738.77, 'text': "Now, we don't want to get too much into the technical details because they don't really matter so much at this point.", 'start': 4734.468, 'duration': 4.302}, {'end': 4745.194, 'text': 'But the first step in order to be able to make changes to this repository is to make a copy of it.', 'start': 4739.431, 'duration': 5.763}, {'end': 4753.018, 'text': "So, for example, if you're trying here to open a web ID in this project, I will get this option to fork the project.", 'start': 4745.534, 'duration': 7.484}, {'end': 4759.222, 'text': 'By the way, you will find a link to this project in the course notes and the course notes are linked in the video description.', 'start': 4753.038, 'duration': 6.184}, {'end': 4762.624, 'text': 'So we can click here on fork.', 'start': 4759.982, 'duration': 2.642}, {'end': 4766.165, 'text': "and we'll make a copy of this project under our account.", 'start': 4763.584, 'duration': 2.581}, {'end': 4773.889, 'text': 'Now that we made a copy out of this project, we can then open the web ID and start making changes to it.', 'start': 4767.486, 'duration': 6.403}, {'end': 4778.911, 'text': "And particularly what we're trying to do is to create the pipeline.", 'start': 4774.549, 'duration': 4.362}, {'end': 4783.074, 'text': 'So let me give you an overview of the tasks that we are trying to automate.', 'start': 4779.572, 'duration': 3.502}, {'end': 4787.656, 'text': 'Essentially here in this project, we have a couple of files.', 'start': 4784.214, 'duration': 3.442}, {'end': 4790.677, 'text': 'One of these files is this package.json file.', 'start': 4788.216, 'duration': 2.461}, {'end': 4797.002, 'text': 'And this file essentially documents which requirements this project has.', 'start': 4792.501, 'duration': 4.501}, {'end': 4801.543, 'text': 'And in order to actually run this project, we first need to install these requirements.', 'start': 4797.362, 'duration': 4.181}, {'end': 4804.664, 'text': 'So locally, I already have a copy of this project.', 'start': 4802.063, 'duration': 2.601}, {'end': 4809.965, 'text': 'And the command to install these requirements is called yarn install.', 'start': 4805.104, 'duration': 4.861}, {'end': 4813.586, 'text': 'So now all the requirements have been installed.', 'start': 4811.385, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 4816.386, 'text': 'The next step would be to create a build.', 'start': 4814.266, 'duration': 2.12}, {'end': 4820.087, 'text': 'And that will be done using the command yarn build.', 'start': 4817.266, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 4828.769, 'text': 'And during this process, what has actually happened is that a build folder has been created,', 'start': 4823.246, 'duration': 5.523}, {'end': 4832.79, 'text': 'and this build folder contains multiple files that are required for the website.', 'start': 4828.769, 'duration': 4.021}, {'end': 4837.573, 'text': 'So let me give you an idea how this website looks like and what we actually did here.', 'start': 4832.81, 'duration': 4.763}, {'end': 4842.675, 'text': "So I'm going to run the command serve-s and I'm going to specify the build folder.", 'start': 4838.193, 'duration': 4.482}, {'end': 4850.81, 'text': 'And now essentially we have started a server, we started an HTTP server, which is serving the files available there.', 'start': 4844.505, 'duration': 6.305}, {'end': 4853.972, 'text': "So I'm going to open this address in a new tab.", 'start': 4851.05, 'duration': 2.922}, {'end': 4857.527, 'text': 'And this is how the website looks like.', 'start': 4855.506, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 4863.451, 'text': "So essentially what we're trying to do in this section is to automate these steps.", 'start': 4858.148, 'duration': 5.303}, {'end': 4865.573, 'text': 'So we want to install the dependencies.', 'start': 4863.931, 'duration': 1.642}, {'end': 4866.733, 'text': 'We want to create the build.', 'start': 4865.593, 'duration': 1.14}, {'end': 4870.055, 'text': 'We want to test the build to see if the website is working.', 'start': 4867.294, 'duration': 2.761}, {'end': 4879.341, 'text': "And I've shown you these tools because it is always a good idea to be familiar with the CLI tools that we will be using in GitLab CI.", 'start': 4870.816, 'duration': 8.525}, {'end': 4883.184, 'text': 'In GitLab, we try to automate any manual steps.', 'start': 4880.462, 'duration': 2.722}, {'end': 4887.326, 'text': 'But before we do that, we must know and understand these steps.', 'start': 4883.764, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 4893.369, 'text': 'We cannot jump into automation before we understand what the commands that we want to do are actually doing.', 'start': 4887.406, 'duration': 5.963}, {'end': 4900.419, 'text': "Now, I'm not really referring in particular to the commands that I've shown you here because they are specific to this project.", 'start': 4894.454, 'duration': 5.965}, {'end': 4903.941, 'text': 'You may be using Python or Java or anything else.', 'start': 4900.539, 'duration': 3.402}, {'end': 4907.764, 'text': "So you don't need to be familiar with these tools in particular.", 'start': 4904.602, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 4910.746, 'text': 'I will explain to you what they do and how they work.', 'start': 4907.784, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 4914.329, 'text': 'However, what is important to understand is the concepts.', 'start': 4911.427, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 4915.93, 'text': 'The concepts remain the same.', 'start': 4914.429, 'duration': 1.501}, {'end': 4918.952, 'text': 'And this is what we are actually focusing on in this course.', 'start': 4916.17, 'duration': 2.782}, {'end': 4922.295, 'text': 'We are focusing on understanding the concepts around automation.', 'start': 4919.113, 'duration': 3.182}, {'end': 4932.001, 'text': "So let's begin creating the CI pipeline for this project.", 'start': 4928.598, 'duration': 3.403}, {'end': 4934.624, 'text': "So I'm going to go ahead and create here a new file.", 'start': 4932.262, 'duration': 2.362}, {'end': 4940.85, 'text': 'And of course, the definition file for the pipeline will be .gitlab-ci.yaml.', 'start': 4935.745, 'duration': 5.105}, {'end': 4948.329, 'text': 'The first job that we want to add here is build website.', 'start': 4945.148, 'duration': 3.181}, {'end': 4953.549, 'text': "And what we are trying to do here, where we're trying to build this website.", 'start': 4949.149, 'duration': 4.4}, {'end': 4960.431, 'text': 'And why do we need to build the website? Well, essentially for most software projects do have a build step.', 'start': 4953.569, 'duration': 6.862}, {'end': 4967.692, 'text': 'In this case, we are essentially creating some production files, production ready files which are smaller,', 'start': 4961.291, 'duration': 6.401}, {'end': 4970.352, 'text': 'optimized for production from some source files.', 'start': 4967.692, 'duration': 2.66}, {'end': 4976.716, 'text': 'So we have here in the source files, You will see here an app.js and any other files.', 'start': 4971.033, 'duration': 5.683}, {'end': 4984.522, 'text': 'So essentially, the build process will take all these files and will make them smaller and will put them together in a way.', 'start': 4976.736, 'duration': 7.786}], 'summary': 'Automate continuous integration for software changes using gitlab and ci pipeline', 'duration': 366.466, 'max_score': 4618.056, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U4618056.jpg'}, {'end': 4688.394, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4663.276, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 4671.081, 'text': "We don't want to integrate work once per week or once per month as it can already be too late or too costly to resolve some issues.", 'start': 4663.276, 'duration': 7.805}, {'end': 4675.784, 'text': 'The more we wait, the higher the chances we will run into integration issues.', 'start': 4671.641, 'duration': 4.143}, {'end': 4681.669, 'text': 'In this unit, we will use GitLab to verify any changes and integrate them in the project.', 'start': 4676.325, 'duration': 5.344}, {'end': 4683.23, 'text': "I'm going to be honest with you.", 'start': 4682.149, 'duration': 1.081}, {'end': 4688.394, 'text': 'As we build more advanced pipelines, you will most likely encounter some issues.', 'start': 4683.73, 'duration': 4.664}], 'summary': 'Frequent integration with gitlab reduces chances of issues, especially with advanced pipelines.', 'duration': 25.118, 'max_score': 4663.276, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U4663276.jpg'}, {'end': 4753.018, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4728.025, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 4733.734, 'text': 'This is a simple website built with React, which is a JavaScript technology developed by Facebook.', 'start': 4728.025, 'duration': 5.709}, {'end': 4738.77, 'text': "Now, we don't want to get too much into the technical details because they don't really matter so much at this point.", 'start': 4734.468, 'duration': 4.302}, {'end': 4745.194, 'text': 'But the first step in order to be able to make changes to this repository is to make a copy of it.', 'start': 4739.431, 'duration': 5.763}, {'end': 4753.018, 'text': "So, for example, if you're trying here to open a web ID in this project, I will get this option to fork the project.", 'start': 4745.534, 'duration': 7.484}], 'summary': 'React website created, copy repository to make changes.', 'duration': 24.993, 'max_score': 4728.025, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U4728025.jpg'}, {'end': 4850.81, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 4817.266, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 4820.087, 'text': 'And that will be done using the command yarn build.', 'start': 4817.266, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 4828.769, 'text': 'And during this process, what has actually happened is that a build folder has been created,', 'start': 4823.246, 'duration': 5.523}, {'end': 4832.79, 'text': 'and this build folder contains multiple files that are required for the website.', 'start': 4828.769, 'duration': 4.021}, {'end': 4837.573, 'text': 'So let me give you an idea how this website looks like and what we actually did here.', 'start': 4832.81, 'duration': 4.763}, {'end': 4842.675, 'text': "So I'm going to run the command serve-s and I'm going to specify the build folder.", 'start': 4838.193, 'duration': 4.482}, {'end': 4850.81, 'text': 'And now essentially we have started a server, we started an HTTP server, which is serving the files available there.', 'start': 4844.505, 'duration': 6.305}], 'summary': "Using 'yarn build' creates a folder with website files; 'serve-s' starts http server.", 'duration': 33.544, 'max_score': 4817.266, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U4817266.jpg'}, {'end': 5222.342, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5191.513, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5196.594, 'text': "Now the thing is, when we're doing here, when you're writing Alpine or Node,", 'start': 5191.513, 'duration': 5.081}, {'end': 5203.596, 'text': 'what is actually happening is that we are always getting the latest version of that Docker image.', 'start': 5196.594, 'duration': 7.002}, {'end': 5205.916, 'text': 'Sometimes it may work,', 'start': 5204.496, 'duration': 1.42}, {'end': 5213.638, 'text': 'but sometimes the latest version may contain some breaking changes which may lead to things not working anymore in our pipeline.', 'start': 5205.916, 'duration': 7.722}, {'end': 5222.342, 'text': "If one day we're getting one version and the next day we're getting something else without us making any changes, things may break.", 'start': 5214.078, 'duration': 8.264}], 'summary': 'Using latest docker images can lead to unpredictable changes in pipeline behavior.', 'duration': 30.829, 'max_score': 5191.513, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U5191513.jpg'}], 'start': 4138.624, 'title': 'Devops and pipeline optimization', 'summary': 'Covers environment variable substitution, devops principles, and the transition to continuous integration pipelines, emphasizing automation and optimization. it also details docker image optimization, reducing size from 332mb to 38mb, resulting in faster job execution and reduced dependencies.', 'chapters': [{'end': 4215.839, 'start': 4138.624, 'title': 'Substitution of environment variables', 'summary': 'Discusses the substitution of environment variables in a pipeline, highlighting the ease of making changes, managing details, and ensuring compatibility with yaml syntax, resulting in successful pipeline execution and artifact inspection.', 'duration': 77.215, 'highlights': ['The ease of making changes and managing details with environment variable substitution ensures compatibility with YAML syntax, resulting in successful pipeline execution and artifact inspection.', 'Using environment variable substitution makes it easy to manage details and make changes, potentially simplifying the process of adding other variables inside pipelines.', 'Depending on the characters included in the variable value, putting everything between quotes may be necessary to avoid conflicts with the YAML syntax.']}, {'end': 4568.551, 'start': 4217.141, 'title': 'Understanding devops principles', 'summary': 'Discusses the cultural shift of devops, emphasizing collaboration, automation, and continuous improvement, to address the challenges of software development and operations, while also highlighting its connection to the agile movement and the importance of feedback loops.', 'duration': 351.41, 'highlights': ["DevOps is a cultural thing that represents a change in mindset, promoting collaboration and responsibility for the final outcome. DevOps emphasizes a cultural shift, encouraging collaboration and shared responsibility for the final product's success, fostering a change in mindset.", 'Organizations adopting DevOps focus on automating tasks to increase productivity, particularly through practices like CI-CD, aiming to save time and facilitate the iterative process of software development. DevOps emphasizes the automation of tasks, particularly through practices like CI-CD, to increase productivity and streamline the iterative process of software development.', 'DevOps aligns with the Agile movement, emphasizing the importance of continuous improvement, feedback loops, and adaptability in an ever-changing business landscape. DevOps is aligned with the Agile movement, stressing the significance of continuous improvement, feedback loops, and adaptability in response to evolving business conditions.']}, {'end': 5108.774, 'start': 4569.611, 'title': 'Devops transition and continuous integration', 'summary': 'Explains the importance of devops practices and the process of setting up a continuous integration pipeline using gitlab ci, emphasizing the need for automation and understanding the concepts, including building the website and testing the build.', 'duration': 539.163, 'highlights': ['DevOps is a set of practices that helps us build successful products, requiring a shift in thinking and new tools that support automation. DevOps emphasizes the need for a shift in thinking and new tools supporting automation to build successful products.', 'Continuous integration is a practice that involves integrating code changes continuously as they happen, avoiding integration issues by not waiting for weekly or monthly integration and automating steps like installing dependencies and building the projects. Continuous integration involves integrating code changes continuously to avoid integration issues and automating steps like installing dependencies and building the projects.', 'The process of setting up a continuous integration pipeline using GitLab CI involves understanding and replicating the commands executed locally, emphasizing the need for automation and understanding the concepts. Setting up a continuous integration pipeline using GitLab CI involves understanding and replicating local commands, highlighting the need for automation and understanding the concepts.']}, {'end': 5506.222, 'start': 5109.494, 'title': 'Optimizing docker image for node.js', 'summary': 'Discusses troubleshooting a job failure due to a missing yarn command in the docker image, and the optimization of the image by specifying the specific node.js version and switching to a smaller alpine image, reducing image size from 332mb to 38mb, resulting in faster job execution and reduced dependency downloads.', 'duration': 396.728, 'highlights': ['Specify the specific Node.js version and switch to a smaller Alpine image to reduce image size from 332MB to 38MB, resulting in faster job execution and reduced dependency downloads. Reduced image size from 332MB to 38MB, resulting in faster job execution and reduced dependency downloads.', 'Troubleshoot job failure due to missing yarn command in the Docker image, leading to the job failing. Job failure due to missing yarn command in the Docker image.', 'Emphasize the importance of using official Docker images from Docker Hub to avoid potential breaking changes in the latest versions. Importance of using official Docker images from Docker Hub to avoid potential breaking changes.']}], 'duration': 1367.598, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U4138624.jpg', 'highlights': ['Reduced image size from 332MB to 38MB, resulting in faster job execution and reduced dependency downloads.', 'DevOps emphasizes the automation of tasks, particularly through practices like CI-CD, to increase productivity and streamline the iterative process of software development.', 'Continuous integration involves integrating code changes continuously to avoid integration issues and automating steps like installing dependencies and building the projects.', 'DevOps is aligned with the Agile movement, stressing the significance of continuous improvement, feedback loops, and adaptability in response to evolving business conditions.']}, {'end': 8167.057, 'segs': [{'end': 5816.807, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5732.036, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 5739.576, 'text': "they don't necessarily need to happen after the build, but we're going to put them inside a different stage as well.", 'start': 5732.036, 'duration': 7.54}, {'end': 5742.399, 'text': "So let's go ahead and define the stages here.", 'start': 5740.177, 'duration': 2.222}, {'end': 5744.481, 'text': "So we're going to have two stages.", 'start': 5742.419, 'duration': 2.062}, {'end': 5750.408, 'text': "We're going to have here built, and we're going to have another stage, which is called test.", 'start': 5744.521, 'duration': 5.887}, {'end': 5755.858, 'text': 'And what we need to do is to assign these jobs to a stage.', 'start': 5752.336, 'duration': 3.522}, {'end': 5760.361, 'text': 'So the build will be assigned to the stage build, of course.', 'start': 5756.058, 'duration': 4.303}, {'end': 5766.444, 'text': 'And then the test website will be assigned to the stage test.', 'start': 5760.981, 'duration': 5.463}, {'end': 5775.65, 'text': "And the same goes with the unit test, right? In order to test the website, what we are trying to do, well, let's try and write the script.", 'start': 5768.165, 'duration': 7.485}, {'end': 5781.991, 'text': 'We are trying to test if we have an index.html file there.', 'start': 5776.01, 'duration': 5.981}, {'end': 5788.232, 'text': 'So as you probably remember, the command test dash F.', 'start': 5782.311, 'duration': 5.921}, {'end': 5790.593, 'text': 'So this we are testing for the existing file.', 'start': 5788.232, 'duration': 2.361}, {'end': 5793.693, 'text': 'This needs to be inside the build folder.', 'start': 5791.433, 'duration': 2.26}, {'end': 5796.514, 'text': 'And the name of the file is index.html.', 'start': 5794.773, 'duration': 1.741}, {'end': 5804.242, 'text': "Now, what we haven't done so far is inside this build website job to declare artifacts.", 'start': 5798.24, 'duration': 6.002}, {'end': 5808.404, 'text': 'So as it is right now, this command will fail.', 'start': 5804.962, 'duration': 3.442}, {'end': 5813.085, 'text': 'So what we have to do here is, of course, think about the artifacts.', 'start': 5809.424, 'duration': 3.661}, {'end': 5816.807, 'text': 'So which artifacts do you have? We have to define the paths.', 'start': 5813.585, 'duration': 3.222}], 'summary': 'Defining two stages, build and test, assigning jobs to each stage, testing for index.html file, and declaring artifacts for build website job.', 'duration': 84.771, 'max_score': 5732.036, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U5732036.jpg'}, {'end': 5876.566, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 5846.956, 'weight': 6, 'content': [{'end': 5850.777, 'text': "So we don't have to worry about specifying a version or anything like that.", 'start': 5846.956, 'duration': 3.821}, {'end': 5855.778, 'text': 'So just going with Alpine should be just fine.', 'start': 5852.057, 'duration': 3.721}, {'end': 5863.058, 'text': "First of the unit test, we essentially need this node image because we'll be using yarn.", 'start': 5857.315, 'duration': 5.743}, {'end': 5869.922, 'text': "So I'm going to simply go ahead and copy this image that we have used in the build website.", 'start': 5863.639, 'duration': 6.283}, {'end': 5876.566, 'text': 'And of course, the script will also be kind of similar.', 'start': 5872.804, 'duration': 3.762}], 'summary': 'Using alpine image for unit testing with yarn.', 'duration': 29.61, 'max_score': 5846.956, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U5846956.jpg'}, {'end': 6410.446, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 6229.264, 'weight': 0.845, 'content': [{'end': 6230.105, 'text': "So let's get to work.", 'start': 6229.264, 'duration': 0.841}, {'end': 6237.514, 'text': 'So how can we create merge requests in GitLab?', 'start': 6233.652, 'duration': 3.862}, {'end': 6246.78, 'text': 'First of all, to ensure that the chances of breaking the main branch are as small as possible, we need to tweak a few settings.', 'start': 6238.475, 'duration': 8.305}, {'end': 6251.182, 'text': "So we're going to go here to Settings, General.", 'start': 6247.8, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 6255.745, 'text': 'And right here in the middle, you should see Merge Requests.', 'start': 6252.343, 'duration': 3.402}, {'end': 6257.106, 'text': "I'm going to expand that.", 'start': 6256.165, 'duration': 0.941}, {'end': 6263.379, 'text': 'And what I like to use when using merge requests is to use this fast forward merge.', 'start': 6258.615, 'duration': 4.764}, {'end': 6269.684, 'text': 'Essentially no merge commits are created and generally the history remains much cleaner.', 'start': 6264.04, 'duration': 5.644}, {'end': 6273.327, 'text': "There's also the possibility of squashing commits directly from GitLab.", 'start': 6270.365, 'duration': 2.962}, {'end': 6276.088, 'text': 'And you can put it here on encourage.', 'start': 6274.247, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 6279.671, 'text': "Squashing commits is when you're pushing multiple changes to a branch.", 'start': 6276.289, 'duration': 3.382}, {'end': 6285.835, 'text': 'Instead of pushing all these changes back into the main branch, we squash them all together.', 'start': 6280.732, 'duration': 5.103}, {'end': 6288.357, 'text': 'So we essentially like we have only one commit.', 'start': 6285.855, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 6291.919, 'text': 'Again, makes the history much easier to read.', 'start': 6289.017, 'duration': 2.902}, {'end': 6299.405, 'text': 'Going forward here in the merge checks, want to make sure that the pipelines succeed before we are merging something.', 'start': 6292.5, 'duration': 6.905}, {'end': 6302.567, 'text': 'So this is a super important setting here that we have.', 'start': 6300.025, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 6306.919, 'text': "So let's go ahead here, go at the bottom and click on save changes.", 'start': 6303.598, 'duration': 3.321}, {'end': 6312.84, 'text': "And additionally, again, from settings, we're going to go here to repository.", 'start': 6307.999, 'duration': 4.841}, {'end': 6320.042, 'text': "And from the repository, we're going to go here to protected branches and expand this.", 'start': 6315.361, 'duration': 4.681}, {'end': 6326.364, 'text': 'And what we want to do here is we want to protect the main branch.', 'start': 6321.923, 'duration': 4.441}, {'end': 6331.735, 'text': "So essentially we don't want to commit changes to the main branch anymore.", 'start': 6327.628, 'duration': 4.107}, {'end': 6332.897, 'text': 'We want to prohibit that.', 'start': 6331.755, 'duration': 1.142}, {'end': 6338.005, 'text': 'So nobody will be allowed to directly commit something to the main branch.', 'start': 6333.437, 'duration': 4.568}, {'end': 6341.991, 'text': 'So in order to do that, we have to go here to allow to push.', 'start': 6338.546, 'duration': 3.445}, {'end': 6348.659, 'text': 'And instead of having something selected or some role selected here, can I use no one?', 'start': 6343.217, 'duration': 5.442}, {'end': 6355.762, 'text': 'So no one is allowed to push to this protected branch only if it goes through a merge request.', 'start': 6348.959, 'duration': 6.803}, {'end': 6358.823, 'text': 'So these are the initial settings that we need to do.', 'start': 6356.442, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 6364.425, 'text': "And we'll be able to see here now, let's try and make some changes and open the web ID.", 'start': 6359.563, 'duration': 4.862}, {'end': 6369.147, 'text': 'Open the pipeline file.', 'start': 6367.146, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 6376.097, 'text': "And now let's say I'm trying to add here a new stage where I'm trying to do some checks.", 'start': 6370.393, 'duration': 5.704}, {'end': 6379.9, 'text': 'For example, there is a linter that I can use.', 'start': 6376.177, 'duration': 3.723}, {'end': 6387.885, 'text': 'And a linter is simply a static code analysis tool that is used to identify potential programming errors,', 'start': 6380.58, 'duration': 7.305}, {'end': 6392.108, 'text': 'stylistic issues and sometimes questionable code constructs.', 'start': 6387.885, 'duration': 4.223}, {'end': 6395.65, 'text': 'Since it is static, it does not actually run the application.', 'start': 6392.668, 'duration': 2.982}, {'end': 6397.412, 'text': 'It just looks at the source code.', 'start': 6395.69, 'duration': 1.722}, {'end': 6401.939, 'text': 'And most projects do tend to have such linter inside.', 'start': 6398.456, 'duration': 3.483}, {'end': 6406.022, 'text': 'And just for the sake of completion, I also want to add here linter.', 'start': 6402.599, 'duration': 3.423}, {'end': 6410.446, 'text': "So I'm going to go ahead here and I'm going to write here linter.", 'start': 6406.843, 'duration': 3.603}], 'summary': 'Configure gitlab merge requests with fast forward merge, squashing commits, and pipeline checks.', 'duration': 181.182, 'max_score': 6229.264, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U6229264.jpg'}, {'end': 6376.097, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6348.959, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 6355.762, 'text': 'So no one is allowed to push to this protected branch only if it goes through a merge request.', 'start': 6348.959, 'duration': 6.803}, {'end': 6358.823, 'text': 'So these are the initial settings that we need to do.', 'start': 6356.442, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 6364.425, 'text': "And we'll be able to see here now, let's try and make some changes and open the web ID.", 'start': 6359.563, 'duration': 4.862}, {'end': 6369.147, 'text': 'Open the pipeline file.', 'start': 6367.146, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 6376.097, 'text': "And now let's say I'm trying to add here a new stage where I'm trying to do some checks.", 'start': 6370.393, 'duration': 5.704}], 'summary': 'Protected branch allows changes only through merge request, initial settings completed.', 'duration': 27.138, 'max_score': 6348.959, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U6348959.jpg'}, {'end': 6457.841, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6431.248, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 6436.212, 'text': 'And additionally, we have the possibility of assigning this job to a stage.', 'start': 6431.248, 'duration': 4.964}, {'end': 6440.095, 'text': 'Now by default, GitLab comes with some predefined stages.', 'start': 6437.353, 'duration': 2.742}, {'end': 6448.441, 'text': 'Predefined stages include a press stage, build stage, a test stage, a deploy stage, and a post stage.', 'start': 6440.755, 'duration': 7.686}, {'end': 6451.114, 'text': 'So these are all actually predefined.', 'start': 6449.352, 'duration': 1.762}, {'end': 6457.841, 'text': 'And to be honest, this is just to make it clear, like which stages we are defining here and which stages we are using.', 'start': 6451.474, 'duration': 6.367}], 'summary': 'Gitlab has predefined stages including build, test, deploy, and post stages for job assignments.', 'duration': 26.593, 'max_score': 6431.248, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U6431248.jpg'}, {'end': 6644.307, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 6611.854, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 6613.995, 'text': 'You can also go ahead and provide a description.', 'start': 6611.854, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 6621.457, 'text': 'This is also useful for the people who are looking at this merge request to know why this is important,', 'start': 6614.015, 'duration': 7.442}, {'end': 6627.418, 'text': 'what this feature is bringing or if it is a bug fix, which issues is this fixing, and so on.', 'start': 6621.457, 'duration': 5.961}, {'end': 6628.259, 'text': 'So you could do that.', 'start': 6627.598, 'duration': 0.661}, {'end': 6633.14, 'text': 'There are also some additional labels and options that you can set here.', 'start': 6629.819, 'duration': 3.321}, {'end': 6639.104, 'text': "I'm not going to go over them because they are essentially relatively easy to explain.", 'start': 6634.241, 'duration': 4.863}, {'end': 6644.307, 'text': "And I'm going to go here and click on create merge request.", 'start': 6639.784, 'duration': 4.523}], 'summary': 'Providing description for merge request, setting labels and options, and creating merge request.', 'duration': 32.453, 'max_score': 6611.854, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U6611854.jpg'}, {'end': 7896.49, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 7864.734, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 7868.02, 'text': "And the way I've structured this is just an example.", 'start': 7864.734, 'duration': 3.286}, {'end': 7869.482, 'text': 'There is no hard rule.', 'start': 7868.14, 'duration': 1.342}, {'end': 7874.94, 'text': 'Different programming languages and technologies may require a different order.', 'start': 7870.438, 'duration': 4.502}, {'end': 7879.862, 'text': "You are smart people, and I'm sure you'll be able to apply these ideas to whatever you're doing.", 'start': 7875.5, 'duration': 4.362}, {'end': 7885.185, 'text': 'However, I just wanted to mention two principles or guidelines that you should consider.', 'start': 7880.843, 'duration': 4.342}, {'end': 7888.926, 'text': 'One of the most important aspects is failing fast.', 'start': 7885.885, 'duration': 3.041}, {'end': 7896.49, 'text': 'For example, we want to ensure that the most common reasons why a pipeline would fail are detected early.', 'start': 7889.567, 'duration': 6.923}], 'summary': 'No hard rule for structuring, prioritize failing fast, detect common pipeline failures early.', 'duration': 31.756, 'max_score': 7864.734, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U7864734.jpg'}, {'end': 8173.111, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8142.498, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 8145.599, 'text': "And as I said, it's totally up to you how you structure your pipeline.", 'start': 8142.498, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 8149.241, 'text': 'But this is why we are removing now this.', 'start': 8145.779, 'duration': 3.462}, {'end': 8151.042, 'text': 'I just wanted to show you how they look like.', 'start': 8149.341, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 8158.065, 'text': "But for the rest of the course, we don't want to wait so much time waiting for these stages to complete.", 'start': 8151.482, 'duration': 6.583}, {'end': 8161.947, 'text': 'So for that reason, this will be a bit easier.', 'start': 8158.825, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 8167.057, 'text': "I'm going to create a merge request and merge these changes into the main branch.", 'start': 8162.401, 'duration': 4.656}, {'end': 8173.111, 'text': "If you're binge watching this course, make sure to take a break after a few lessons.", 'start': 8169.309, 'duration': 3.802}], 'summary': 'Recommend creating a merge request to speed up pipeline stages.', 'duration': 30.613, 'max_score': 8142.498, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U8142498.jpg'}], 'start': 5506.462, 'title': 'Pipeline optimization and ci workflow', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of using small images to optimize build time, achieving a reduction from 1 minute 26 seconds to potentially below 1 minute. it also demonstrates creating and testing jobs, gitlab merge requests, using linter, and optimizing ci pipeline with curl and grep.', 'chapters': [{'end': 5584.654, 'start': 5506.462, 'title': 'Pipeline optimization and image usage', 'summary': 'Discusses the importance of using small images in pipelines to optimize build time, with an example showing a reduction from 1 minute 26 seconds to potentially below 1 minute, and the successful automation of project steps using an alpine image with node.js and yarn dependencies.', 'duration': 78.192, 'highlights': ['Using small images in pipelines can significantly reduce build time, as demonstrated by a potential reduction from 1 minute 26 seconds to below 1 minute.', 'Automation of project steps, such as installing dependencies and running the build, has been successfully achieved by utilizing an Alpine image with Node.js and Yarn dependencies.', 'The Alpine image with Node.js installed has addressed the dependency issue that previously hindered the use of Yarn in the pipeline.']}, {'end': 5983.141, 'start': 5585.314, 'title': 'Creating and testing jobs in pipeline', 'summary': 'Demonstrates the process of creating and testing two new jobs in a pipeline, including testing the website and running unit tests, utilizing commands like test -f and yarn test, and specifying stages and images for the jobs.', 'duration': 397.827, 'highlights': ['The chapter demonstrates the process of creating and testing two new jobs in a pipeline, including testing the website and running unit tests. The chapter focuses on creating two new jobs in a pipeline: testing the website and running unit tests.', 'Utilizing commands like test -f and yarn test. The commands test -f and yarn test are used to test the existence of files and run unit tests, respectively.', "Specifying stages and images for the jobs. Stages such as 'build' and 'test' are defined, and images like Alpine and node are specified for the respective jobs."]}, {'end': 6376.097, 'start': 5984.343, 'title': 'Gitlab merge requests & branch workflow', 'summary': 'Introduces the concept of gitlab merge requests and branch workflow, emphasizing the importance of automated testing with gitlab pipelines before integrating changes into the main branch, in order to ensure a reliable and efficient development process.', 'duration': 391.754, 'highlights': ['Automated testing with GitLab pipelines before integrating changes into the main branch is crucial to ensure a reliable and efficient development process. N/A', 'The Git Feature Branch Workflow is introduced as a simple and effective approach for developers to work independently on new features, bugs, experiments, or changes, by creating a new branch, pushing changes, and integrating them into the main branch after successful testing. N/A', 'The importance of merge requests for code review and the settings to ensure the main branch is protected and changes are integrated through merge requests are highlighted. N/A']}, {'end': 7380.305, 'start': 6376.177, 'title': 'Using linter and creating merge requests', 'summary': 'Discusses the use of a linter for static code analysis and the process of creating a merge request, including stages, job dependencies, and the review process, with a caution about running a server inside a job.', 'duration': 1004.128, 'highlights': ['The use of a linter for static code analysis and identifying potential errors and stylistic issues A linter is a static code analysis tool used to identify potential programming errors and stylistic issues, commonly found in most projects.', 'Defining stages, jobs, and dependencies in a merge request process Explains the process of assigning jobs to stages, utilizing predefined stages, and managing job dependencies in a merge request.', 'Caution about running a server inside a job and its implications Warns about the implications of running a server inside a job, stating that the job will never end or will run into a specific timeout, requiring caution when performing such actions.']}, {'end': 8167.057, 'start': 7381.348, 'title': 'Optimizing ci pipeline with curl and grep', 'summary': 'Covers the process of testing a server using curl and grep, optimizing the ci pipeline by restructuring jobs, and providing principles for grouping jobs in parallel and managing dependencies between jobs.', 'duration': 785.709, 'highlights': ['The chapter covers the process of testing a server using curl and grep, optimizing the CI pipeline by restructuring jobs, and providing principles for grouping jobs in parallel and managing dependencies between jobs.', "Curl is used to download the website and grep is used to search for specific strings, such as 'learn gitlab ci', to test the server.", "Using the '&' sign starts the server process in the background, preventing it from running forever, and the 'sleep' command waits for the server to start.", 'The use of curl and grep is explained, highlighting the limitations of curl in rendering JavaScript and images, and the need to modify the test string to match the available content.', 'The transcript emphasizes the importance of failing fast in the pipeline by detecting common failure reasons early, grouping similar-sized jobs in parallel, and managing dependencies between jobs.']}], 'duration': 2660.595, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U5506462.jpg', 'highlights': ['Using small images in pipelines can significantly reduce build time, as demonstrated by a potential reduction from 1 minute 26 seconds to below 1 minute.', 'Automation of project steps, such as installing dependencies and running the build, has been successfully achieved by utilizing an Alpine image with Node.js and Yarn dependencies.', 'The Alpine image with Node.js installed has addressed the dependency issue that previously hindered the use of Yarn in the pipeline.', 'The chapter covers the process of testing a server using curl and grep, optimizing the CI pipeline by restructuring jobs, and providing principles for grouping jobs in parallel and managing dependencies between jobs.', 'Automated testing with GitLab pipelines before integrating changes into the main branch is crucial to ensure a reliable and efficient development process.', 'The use of a linter for static code analysis and identifying potential errors and stylistic issues A linter is a static code analysis tool used to identify potential programming errors and stylistic issues, commonly found in most projects.', 'The chapter demonstrates the process of creating and testing two new jobs in a pipeline, including testing the website and running unit tests.', 'The importance of merge requests for code review and the settings to ensure the main branch is protected and changes are integrated through merge requests are highlighted.', 'The transcript emphasizes the importance of failing fast in the pipeline by detecting common failure reasons early, grouping similar-sized jobs in parallel, and managing dependencies between jobs.']}, {'end': 9515.293, 'segs': [{'end': 8422.326, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8392.953, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 8394.195, 'text': "Let's do a bit of orientation.", 'start': 8392.953, 'duration': 1.242}, {'end': 8398.44, 'text': 'This is the main page from where you navigate to all AWS services.', 'start': 8394.575, 'duration': 3.865}, {'end': 8411.881, 'text': 'AWS services are distributed in multiple data centers and you have the possibility of selecting the data center you would like to use right here on the right side on the top of the menu.', 'start': 8399.815, 'duration': 12.066}, {'end': 8415.482, 'text': 'I will go with US East 1, North Virginia.', 'start': 8412.681, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 8418.144, 'text': 'You can use whichever region you like.', 'start': 8416.283, 'duration': 1.861}, {'end': 8422.326, 'text': 'Just remember the one you have selected as this will be relevant later on.', 'start': 8418.424, 'duration': 3.902}], 'summary': 'Aws services are accessible from main page, distributed across data centers, and can be selected by region; e.g. us east 1, north virginia.', 'duration': 29.373, 'max_score': 8392.953, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U8392953.jpg'}, {'end': 8539.032, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8480.787, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 8485.231, 'text': 'S3 is like Dropbox, but much better suited for DevOps.', 'start': 8480.787, 'duration': 4.444}, {'end': 8492.858, 'text': 'Actually, for a long while, Dropbox was using AWS S3 behind the scenes for storing files.', 'start': 8485.852, 'duration': 7.006}, {'end': 8495.04, 'text': "But let's go back to the course.", 'start': 8493.158, 'duration': 1.882}, {'end': 8500.874, 'text': 'Since our website is static and requires no computing power or database,', 'start': 8496.089, 'duration': 4.785}, {'end': 8508.721, 'text': 'we will use AWS S3 to store the public files and search them to the world from there over HTTP.', 'start': 8500.874, 'duration': 7.847}, {'end': 8520.192, 'text': 'On AWS S3 files, which AWS calls objects, are stored in buckets, which are like some super container folder.', 'start': 8509.442, 'duration': 10.75}, {'end': 8525.967, 'text': 'Now you may notice that your AWS interface looks a bit different than mine.', 'start': 8521.445, 'duration': 4.522}, {'end': 8531.709, 'text': 'AWS is constantly improving the UI and things may change in time.', 'start': 8526.887, 'duration': 4.822}, {'end': 8535.491, 'text': "However, the principles that I'm showing here will stay the same.", 'start': 8532.189, 'duration': 3.302}, {'end': 8539.032, 'text': "So let's go ahead and create our first bucket.", 'start': 8536.111, 'duration': 2.921}], 'summary': "Aws s3 is used for storing public files and objects, with dropbox previously using it, and it's well-suited for devops.", 'duration': 58.245, 'max_score': 8480.787, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U8480787.jpg'}, {'end': 8894.373, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 8869.934, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 8880.662, 'text': "And if I'm looking inside the pipeline to see what's going on, there are some errors because the stage I have chosen, in this case the deploy stage,", 'start': 8869.934, 'duration': 10.728}, {'end': 8881.523, 'text': "doesn't exist.", 'start': 8880.662, 'duration': 0.861}, {'end': 8883.724, 'text': "So the pipeline hasn't been executed.", 'start': 8882.103, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 8885.806, 'text': 'So we still need to make some changes to it.', 'start': 8883.804, 'duration': 2.002}, {'end': 8890.45, 'text': "So here where we have the stages, I'm going to add here deploy.", 'start': 8887.407, 'duration': 3.043}, {'end': 8894.373, 'text': 'And now we have the stage build, test and deploy.', 'start': 8891.791, 'duration': 2.582}], 'summary': 'Pipeline errors: deploy stage missing, needs changes.', 'duration': 24.439, 'max_score': 8869.934, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U8869934.jpg'}, {'end': 9266.482, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9194.631, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 9198.997, 'text': 'And I would really like to make this configurable and not to have this information inside here.', 'start': 9194.631, 'duration': 4.366}, {'end': 9205.803, 'text': "At the beginning of the course, we looked at the defining variables and I've shown you how we can define some variables within the pipeline.", 'start': 9199.878, 'duration': 5.925}, {'end': 9209.105, 'text': "There's also another place where you can define variables.", 'start': 9206.423, 'duration': 2.682}, {'end': 9215.09, 'text': "And for that, I'm going to copy this value and I'm going to go inside the settings.", 'start': 9209.325, 'duration': 5.765}, {'end': 9219.473, 'text': 'So from your project, you can go to settings here on the right hand side.', 'start': 9215.97, 'duration': 3.503}, {'end': 9224.236, 'text': "And what you're going to do here is select CI CD.", 'start': 9221.014, 'duration': 3.222}, {'end': 9226.898, 'text': 'And right here in the middle, you will see variables.', 'start': 9224.897, 'duration': 2.001}, {'end': 9232.566, 'text': "I'm going to expand this so that we are able to add variables.", 'start': 9227.862, 'duration': 4.704}, {'end': 9238.112, 'text': 'Now, typically here we tend to store passwords or secret keys,', 'start': 9233.107, 'duration': 5.005}, {'end': 9243.296, 'text': "but I'm going to use this bucket name as an example for some important features you need to know about.", 'start': 9238.112, 'duration': 5.184}, {'end': 9246.479, 'text': "So let's go ahead here and click on add variable.", 'start': 9243.777, 'duration': 2.702}, {'end': 9253.506, 'text': "And I'm going to name my variable AWS underscore S3 underscore bucket.", 'start': 9247.56, 'duration': 5.946}, {'end': 9259.277, 'text': "and the value will be exactly what I've copied from the pipeline.", 'start': 9255.111, 'duration': 4.166}, {'end': 9263.643, 'text': 'There are some additional settings here I want you to pay attention to.', 'start': 9260.098, 'duration': 3.545}, {'end': 9266.482, 'text': 'are two flags.', 'start': 9265.501, 'duration': 0.981}], 'summary': 'Configurable variables can be defined in settings, such as aws s3 bucket name.', 'duration': 71.851, 'max_score': 9194.631, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U9194631.jpg'}, {'end': 9425.669, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9398.896, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 9403.238, 'text': 'But if we had here a password for a password, it would make sense to mask this.', 'start': 9398.896, 'duration': 4.342}, {'end': 9411.101, 'text': "So for this variable, I'm going to disable the protect variable flag and I'm going to disable the mask variable flag.", 'start': 9403.518, 'duration': 7.583}, {'end': 9418.365, 'text': "many people think that if you don't have the protect variable flag, the variable is somehow public or unprotected.", 'start': 9411.861, 'duration': 6.504}, {'end': 9419.565, 'text': "that's not the case.", 'start': 9418.365, 'duration': 1.2}, {'end': 9425.669, 'text': "it's simply available for all the branches inside the project and at this stage that's totally fine.", 'start': 9419.565, 'duration': 6.104}], 'summary': 'Disabling protect and mask variable flags makes variable available for all branches.', 'duration': 26.773, 'max_score': 9398.896, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U9398896.jpg'}, {'end': 9475.657, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9443.148, 'weight': 8, 'content': [{'end': 9446.571, 'text': 'Going back to the pipeline, instead of having this value.', 'start': 9443.148, 'duration': 3.423}, {'end': 9452.156, 'text': "I'm going to start here with the dollar sign AWS S3 bucket.", 'start': 9446.571, 'duration': 5.585}, {'end': 9456.16, 'text': 'So the name has to be exactly as you have defined it.', 'start': 9453.257, 'duration': 2.903}, {'end': 9463.666, 'text': "And don't forget to put the dollar sign in advance because this is what makes this a variable.", 'start': 9457.101, 'duration': 6.565}, {'end': 9469.612, 'text': 'We can run this pipeline again and see how it looks like, see if we notice any changes.', 'start': 9464.868, 'duration': 4.744}, {'end': 9475.657, 'text': "if we're looking at the logs, we should be able to notice something interesting.", 'start': 9470.871, 'duration': 4.786}], 'summary': 'Configuring the aws s3 bucket as a variable in the pipeline, observing changes in subsequent runs and checking logs for insights.', 'duration': 32.509, 'max_score': 9443.148, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U9443148.jpg'}], 'start': 8169.309, 'title': 'Aws cloud and s3 deployment', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of taking breaks while studying or working, and introduces the aws cloud and its services. it covers setting up an aws account, using s3, automating deployment with gitlab, and configuring aws cli for gitlab pipelines.', 'chapters': [{'end': 8312.642, 'start': 8169.309, 'title': 'Importance of taking breaks', 'summary': 'Emphasizes the importance of taking breaks while studying or working, as it impacts productivity and energy levels. it also introduces the aws cloud and its services, highlighting its benefits and widespread adoption.', 'duration': 143.333, 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes the importance of taking breaks while studying or working, as it impacts productivity and energy levels. Taking breaks is essential for maintaining productivity and energy levels while studying or working.', 'Amazon Web Services (AWS) offers a pay-as-you-go model for renting cloud infrastructure, mostly for computation or data storage. AWS provides a pay-as-you-go model for cloud infrastructure, benefiting users with cost-efficient computation and data storage.', 'AWS started in the early 2000s and its adoption continued to increase over time. AWS has experienced widespread adoption since its inception in the early 2000s, indicating its growing popularity and reliability.']}, {'end': 8587.762, 'start': 8313.843, 'title': 'Setting up aws account and using s3', 'summary': 'Covers setting up an aws account, navigating the aws management console, selecting a region, and creating a bucket in aws s3 for storing objects, emphasizing the need for a unique bucket name and the relevance of the principles despite changes in the ui.', 'duration': 273.919, 'highlights': ['Creating a unique bucket name is essential to avoid conflicts with others, ensuring that the chosen name is not already in use. Emphasizes the importance of giving the bucket a unique name to prevent conflicts with others.', 'Selecting the appropriate region is important, as data centers in the US generally have lower costs compared to those in other regions. Emphasizes the relevance of selecting the appropriate region, particularly in the US, due to lower costs.', 'Enabling multi-factor authentication significantly enhances the security of the account, recommended for all users. Underlines the significance of enabling multi-factor authentication to enhance account security.']}, {'end': 8934.742, 'start': 8588.302, 'title': 'Automating aws s3 deployment with gitlab', 'summary': 'Discusses automating the aws s3 deployment process through gitlab by utilizing the aws cli docker image, overriding its entry point, specifying the version, and ensuring successful pipeline execution.', 'duration': 346.44, 'highlights': ['Utilizing the AWS CLI Docker image to automate deployment The chapter emphasizes the utilization of the AWS CLI Docker image to automate the deployment process, ensuring efficient and streamlined deployment workflows.', "Overriding the entry point for the AWS CLI Docker image The chapter highlights the necessity of overriding the entry point for the AWS CLI Docker image to align with GitLab's image usage, facilitating seamless integration into the pipeline.", 'Specifying the version of AWS CLI to ensure compatibility It is emphasized to specify the version of AWS CLI, specifically version two, to ensure compatibility and consistency in deployment processes, enhancing reliability and stability.', 'Ensuring successful execution of the pipeline for AWS S3 deployment The chapter discusses the importance of making necessary adjustments to the pipeline stages, such as adding the deploy stage, to ensure successful execution and deployment of AWS S3, providing a robust and reliable deployment process.']}, {'end': 9119.965, 'start': 8934.742, 'title': 'Uploading file to aws s3', 'summary': 'Explains the process of uploading a file to aws s3, emphasizing simplifying the process and focusing on the deploy to s3 job, using the cli tool and specifying the service name, bucket name, and file name, aiming to make the pipeline execution faster.', 'duration': 185.223, 'highlights': ['The chapter emphasizes simplifying the process and focusing on the deploy to S3 job The speaker stresses the importance of simplifying the process by focusing only on the deploy to S3 job, excluding the build and test stages to make the pipeline execution faster.', 'The process involves using the AWS CLI tool and specifying the service name, bucket name, and file name The process involves using the AWS CLI tool, specifying the service name as S3, the destination bucket name, and the name of the file to be uploaded to AWS S3.', "Emphasis on creating a file from scratch to ensure proper functioning The speaker emphasizes the creation of a new file from scratch using the 'echo' command and ensuring that the file is properly created before uploading it to AWS S3.", 'Explanations on specifying the destination bucket and file name for the upload The speaker explains the process of specifying the destination bucket and the file name for the upload to AWS S3, ensuring clarity and understanding of the upload destination.']}, {'end': 9515.293, 'start': 9120.425, 'title': 'Aws cli configuration', 'summary': "Discusses the need to configure aws cli credentials in a gitlab pipeline, emphasizing the importance of understanding errors in logs and the configuration of variables in settings, while highlighting the impact of 'protect variable' and 'mask variable' flags on branch-specific access and variable security.", 'duration': 394.868, 'highlights': ['The importance of understanding errors in logs and resolving AWS CLI credentials is emphasized to avoid unauthorized access and potential security risks.', "Explains the configuration of variables in GitLab settings, highlighting the impact of 'protect variable' and 'mask variable' flags on branch-specific access and variable security.", "Emphasizes the impact of 'protect variable' flag on branch-specific access, particularly in protected branches like the main branch for production deployment, to prevent unauthorized credentials usage.", "Discusses the 'mask variable' flag's role in securing sensitive information like passwords, highlighting its usage to prevent accidental exposure of confidential data.", 'Provides guidance on utilizing variables and resolving them within a GitLab pipeline, emphasizing the need to validate variable resolution through pipeline execution and log analysis.']}], 'duration': 1345.984, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U8169309.jpg', 'highlights': ['AWS provides a pay-as-you-go model for cloud infrastructure, benefiting users with cost-efficient computation and data storage.', 'AWS has experienced widespread adoption since its inception in the early 2000s, indicating its growing popularity and reliability.', 'Emphasizes the importance of taking breaks while studying or working, as it impacts productivity and energy levels.', 'Emphasizes the utilization of the AWS CLI Docker image to automate the deployment process, ensuring efficient and streamlined deployment workflows.', 'Ensuring successful execution of the pipeline for AWS S3 deployment, providing a robust and reliable deployment process.', 'The process involves using the AWS CLI tool, specifying the service name as S3, the destination bucket name, and the name of the file to be uploaded to AWS S3.', "Emphasizes the creation of a new file from scratch using the 'echo' command and ensuring that the file is properly created before uploading it to AWS S3.", 'The importance of understanding errors in logs and resolving AWS CLI credentials is emphasized to avoid unauthorized access and potential security risks.', "Explains the configuration of variables in GitLab settings, highlighting the impact of 'protect variable' and 'mask variable' flags on branch-specific access and variable security.", "Emphasizes the impact of 'protect variable' flag on branch-specific access, particularly in protected branches like the main branch for production deployment, to prevent unauthorized credentials usage."]}, {'end': 10958.773, 'segs': [{'end': 9567.813, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9541.424, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 9549.731, 'text': 'Should we put our AWS email and password somewhere in this variable so that AWS can locate them??', 'start': 9541.424, 'duration': 8.307}, {'end': 9553.53, 'text': "well, you're getting pretty warm with that.", 'start': 9550.729, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 9560.891, 'text': "yes, essentially we have to provide some credentials, but those credentials won't be our regular email and password,", 'start': 9553.53, 'duration': 7.361}, {'end': 9563.212, 'text': 'because that will be highly insecure.', 'start': 9560.891, 'duration': 2.321}, {'end': 9567.813, 'text': "whenever we're using a service, we try to give limited access to that.", 'start': 9563.212, 'duration': 4.601}], 'summary': 'Providing limited access to aws credentials, not using regular email and password for security reasons.', 'duration': 26.389, 'max_score': 9541.424, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U9541424.jpg'}, {'end': 9745.457, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 9719.905, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 9726.988, 'text': "So essentially, we're going to give this user access to everything that is AWS S3.", 'start': 9719.905, 'duration': 7.083}, {'end': 9731.91, 'text': 'So we should be able to create new buckets, should be able to delete files and so on.', 'start': 9727.308, 'duration': 4.602}, {'end': 9734.811, 'text': 'So a bit more than what we actually need for this use case.', 'start': 9731.95, 'duration': 2.861}, {'end': 9740.013, 'text': "But just to simplify things, I'm going to give this full access to the user.", 'start': 9735.592, 'duration': 4.421}, {'end': 9741.694, 'text': 'But of course, this is a topic on its own.', 'start': 9740.153, 'duration': 1.541}, {'end': 9744.576, 'text': 'Go to the next page.', 'start': 9743.615, 'duration': 0.961}, {'end': 9745.457, 'text': 'We see the tags.', 'start': 9744.596, 'duration': 0.861}], 'summary': 'Granting user full access to aws s3 for creating, deleting files, and more.', 'duration': 25.552, 'max_score': 9719.905, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U9719905.jpg'}, {'end': 10297.782, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10270.481, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 10273.388, 'text': "And additionally, we're going to also add a flag.", 'start': 10270.481, 'duration': 2.907}, {'end': 10281.084, 'text': "So if you're looking here through all the options that are available, one of the options should be dash dash delete.", 'start': 10274.57, 'duration': 6.514}, {'end': 10290.977, 'text': 'will essentially ensure that if we delete some files during our build process which existed previously in previous builds,', 'start': 10282.35, 'duration': 8.627}, {'end': 10293.779, 'text': 'that are also deleted during the sync.', 'start': 10290.977, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 10297.782, 'text': 'so if i had a file in the build folder, i synced it in the last build.', 'start': 10293.779, 'duration': 4.003}], 'summary': "Add a flag '--delete' to ensure deleted files are also deleted during sync.", 'duration': 27.301, 'max_score': 10270.481, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U10270481.jpg'}, {'end': 10403.101, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10370.459, 'weight': 9, 'content': [{'end': 10372.28, 'text': "So let's take a look at the S3 service.", 'start': 10370.459, 'duration': 1.821}, {'end': 10375.861, 'text': "I'm going to refresh this page and take a look to see how it looks like.", 'start': 10372.36, 'duration': 3.501}, {'end': 10385.911, 'text': 'So now we are able to see all the files that we are actually interested in there all have been uploaded here.', 'start': 10378.72, 'duration': 7.191}, {'end': 10393.282, 'text': 'And we made a very important step towards hosting our website in the AWS cloud.', 'start': 10387.273, 'duration': 6.009}, {'end': 10403.101, 'text': 'Now, currently, the files that we have uploaded here, they are not publicly available.', 'start': 10398.976, 'duration': 4.125}], 'summary': 'Files uploaded to s3, preparing for website hosting in aws cloud.', 'duration': 32.642, 'max_score': 10370.459, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U10370459.jpg'}, {'end': 10623.135, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10593.183, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 10599.649, 'text': 'What we need to do in addition to what we did here with regards to the public access is a bucket policy.', 'start': 10593.183, 'duration': 6.466}, {'end': 10605.103, 'text': 'essentially we need a policy for the objects that are inside the bucket.', 'start': 10600.78, 'duration': 4.323}, {'end': 10614.229, 'text': "i don't want to get too much into the details, but essentially we need to write this policy so we can go ahead here and click on edit.", 'start': 10605.103, 'duration': 9.126}, {'end': 10616.331, 'text': 'this is like policy generator.', 'start': 10614.229, 'duration': 2.102}, {'end': 10623.135, 'text': 'now, what you see here is json, and this is the format in which this policy will be written.', 'start': 10616.331, 'duration': 6.804}], 'summary': 'Implement a bucket policy for public access, using a json format.', 'duration': 29.952, 'max_score': 10593.183, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U10593183.jpg'}, {'end': 10968.401, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 10938.249, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 10941.689, 'text': "Now we're going to add only one rule, and this will be a list.", 'start': 10938.249, 'duration': 3.44}, {'end': 10947.231, 'text': "So you notice that I'm starting a list, and then we have here an if column.", 'start': 10941.889, 'duration': 5.342}, {'end': 10950.892, 'text': 'And now after the if, we can specify a condition.', 'start': 10947.911, 'duration': 2.981}, {'end': 10958.773, 'text': "So in a condition, we're typically checking if something equals or does not equal something else.", 'start': 10951.812, 'duration': 6.961}, {'end': 10968.401, 'text': "So in this case, we want to check if the branch we are currently at So we have here something, I don't know where we're at.", 'start': 10959.714, 'duration': 8.687}], 'summary': 'Adding a rule to check current branch in a list for condition.', 'duration': 30.152, 'max_score': 10938.249, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U10938249.jpg'}], 'start': 9516.266, 'title': 'Aws s3 setup and management', 'summary': 'Covers setting up an aws iam user with s3 full access policy, configuring aws cli for file upload, using aws cli sync command with --delete flag, enabling static website hosting in s3, and creating a bucket policy for public access. it also includes pipeline configuration for s3 deployment and emphasizes cost-effective storage and hosting of files.', 'chapters': [{'end': 10100.195, 'start': 9516.266, 'title': 'Setting up aws iam and uploading files to s3', 'summary': 'Details the process of setting up an aws iam user with programmatic access, assigning s3 full access policy, and configuring variables for aws cli, resulting in a successful file upload to s3, demonstrating the initial step in interacting with the aws cloud.', 'duration': 583.929, 'highlights': ['The process of setting up an AWS IAM user with programmatic access and assigning S3 full access policy is detailed, ensuring the user has the necessary permissions for AWS CLI usage. IAM user creation, S3 full access policy assignment', 'The configuration of variables for AWS CLI, including AWS access key ID, secret access key, and default region, is explained, providing the necessary credentials for successful interaction with AWS services. Configuration of AWS CLI variables', 'The demonstration of rerunning the pipeline job after setting up the credentials, resulting in a successful file upload to S3, showcases the practical application of the IAM user and AWS CLI setup. Successful rerun of pipeline job, file upload to S3']}, {'end': 10369.579, 'start': 10101.069, 'title': 'Aws cli s3 sync command', 'summary': 'Highlights the importance of reading aws cli documentation and demonstrates the use of the sync command for syncing directories in s3, with an emphasis on using the --delete flag to ensure that files removed during the build process are also deleted during the sync, resulting in a successful pipeline run.', 'duration': 268.51, 'highlights': ['The importance of reading AWS CLI documentation Emphasizes the significance of reading documentation to master CLI commands for any tool, not just AWS CLI.', 'Demonstration of using the sync command for syncing directories in S3 Illustrates the use of the sync command to ensure that files on one side are also available on the other side in S3, providing a practical example of syncing the build folder to the S3 bucket.', 'Use of the --delete flag to remove files during the sync process Explains the use of the --delete flag to ensure that files removed during the build process are also deleted during the sync, maintaining consistency between the local build folder and S3.', 'Successful execution of the pipeline with the synced files Shows the successful execution of the pipeline after using the sync command, resulting in the upload of files from the build folder to S3 and the removal of files that no longer exist in the build folder.']}, {'end': 10592.322, 'start': 10370.459, 'title': 'Enabling static website hosting in s3', 'summary': 'Explains the process of enabling static website hosting in s3, including making files publicly accessible, hosting a static website, and addressing public access permissions in aws, facilitating cost-effective storage and hosting of files for download.', 'duration': 221.863, 'highlights': ['Enabling static website hosting The chapter emphasizes the importance of enabling static website hosting in S3, which allows for hosting a static website and specifying index and error pages.', 'Making files publicly accessible The process of making files publicly accessible in S3 is discussed, highlighting the significance of enabling public access permissions for the stored files.', 'AWS as a cost-effective storage solution The use of S3 by companies for storing files offered for download, as it is more cost-effective than hosting them on their own websites, is highlighted.']}, {'end': 10958.773, 'start': 10593.183, 'title': 'Aws bucket policy and pipeline configuration', 'summary': 'Discusses creating a bucket policy for public access in aws by defining a policy using a policy generator and making changes to the policy. it also covers configuring a pipeline to exclude the deployment to s3 job from running on branches and only run on the main branch using gitlab rules.', 'duration': 365.59, 'highlights': ['The chapter discusses creating a bucket policy for public access in AWS, defining a policy using a policy generator, and making changes to the policy. Creating a bucket policy involves defining a policy using a policy generator and making changes to the policy.', 'Configuring a pipeline to exclude the deployment to S3 job from running on branches and only run on the main branch using GitLab rules is covered. The chapter covers configuring a pipeline to exclude the deployment to S3 job from running on branches and only run on the main branch using GitLab rules.']}], 'duration': 1442.507, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U9516266.jpg', 'highlights': ['IAM user creation, S3 full access policy assignment', 'Configuration of AWS CLI variables', 'Demonstration of rerunning the pipeline job after setting up the credentials, resulting in a successful file upload to S3', 'Demonstration of using the sync command for syncing directories in S3', 'Use of the --delete flag to remove files during the sync process', 'Enabling static website hosting in S3', 'Making files publicly accessible in S3', 'AWS as a cost-effective storage solution', 'Creating a bucket policy for public access in AWS', 'Configuring a pipeline to exclude the deployment to S3 job from running on branches and only run on the main branch using GitLab rules']}, {'end': 13186.643, 'segs': [{'end': 11441.503, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 11387.039, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 11396.752, 'text': "we've been going back in s3 to our bucket, looking here at properties and right at the end this is the address right.", 'start': 11387.039, 'duration': 9.713}, {'end': 11400.216, 'text': 'so can go ahead and copy my address.', 'start': 11396.752, 'duration': 3.464}, {'end': 11402.788, 'text': 'Go back to the editor.', 'start': 11401.687, 'duration': 1.101}, {'end': 11406.07, 'text': 'I could paste it here right?', 'start': 11402.808, 'duration': 3.262}, {'end': 11416.656, 'text': 'But again we had a discussion about like not having you know things that could change later on inside our pipeline or have it all over the place.', 'start': 11406.93, 'duration': 9.726}, {'end': 11419.558, 'text': "So again, let's go ahead and define a variable.", 'start': 11416.676, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 11422.96, 'text': "Now this time I'm going to define a variable within the pipeline itself.", 'start': 11419.878, 'duration': 3.082}, {'end': 11427.222, 'text': "That's also totally fine and also weigh on how to do things.", 'start': 11424.06, 'duration': 3.162}, {'end': 11429.704, 'text': "I'm going to define here variables block.", 'start': 11427.863, 'duration': 1.841}, {'end': 11434.48, 'text': "And let's call this variable app base URL.", 'start': 11430.638, 'duration': 3.842}, {'end': 11436.921, 'text': "Of course, you're free to name it as you wish.", 'start': 11435.28, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 11441.503, 'text': "Column And then I'm going to paste here the address to it.", 'start': 11437.401, 'duration': 4.102}], 'summary': "Defining a variable 'app base url' within the pipeline, enhancing stability and consistency.", 'duration': 54.464, 'max_score': 11387.039, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U11387039.jpg'}, {'end': 12598.008, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12569.362, 'weight': 7, 'content': [{'end': 12574.765, 'text': "But as you probably notice already, this app base URL doesn't exist anymore.", 'start': 12569.362, 'duration': 5.403}, {'end': 12576.226, 'text': 'We have removed those variables.', 'start': 12574.785, 'duration': 1.441}, {'end': 12581.469, 'text': 'And we need to find a way to get our environment URL.', 'start': 12577.347, 'duration': 4.122}, {'end': 12587.552, 'text': 'And luckily, again, GitLab to the rescue, there is a variable.', 'start': 12582.329, 'duration': 5.223}, {'end': 12590.454, 'text': "I'm going to go ahead and search for environment.", 'start': 12587.572, 'duration': 2.882}, {'end': 12598.008, 'text': "And I'm going to have here the CI environment name, environment slug, environment URL.", 'start': 12592.247, 'duration': 5.761}], 'summary': 'The app base url has been removed, and gitlab provides environment variables like ci environment name, environment slug, and environment url.', 'duration': 28.646, 'max_score': 12569.362, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U12569362.jpg'}, {'end': 12759.109, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 12730.043, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 12734.405, 'text': "But, as you can notice, I haven't defined an environment right?", 'start': 12730.043, 'duration': 4.362}, {'end': 12740.228, 'text': "So I have defined an environment for deploy to staging, but I haven't defined an environment for deploy to production.", 'start': 12734.645, 'duration': 5.583}, {'end': 12750.793, 'text': 'By looking here at the variables, you will see that this AWS S3 bucket is now scoped only for production.', 'start': 12741.708, 'duration': 9.085}, {'end': 12759.109, 'text': "And because this job doesn't say anything about production, this environment is not exposed in the production job.", 'start': 12751.687, 'duration': 7.422}], 'summary': 'Aws s3 bucket scoped only for production, not exposed in production job.', 'duration': 29.066, 'max_score': 12730.043, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U12730043.jpg'}], 'start': 10959.714, 'title': 'Ci/cd pipeline optimization', 'summary': 'Discusses dynamic branch validation, handling, and post-deployment testing, setting up ci/cd pipelines, environment management, and optimizing pipeline for efficient deployments. it also covers successful deployments and streamlined configurations.', 'chapters': [{'end': 11070.231, 'start': 10959.714, 'title': 'Dynamic branch validation with gitlab ci', 'summary': 'Discusses the use of predefined variables in gitlab ci, specifically ci commit ref name, to dynamically validate the current branch in a pipeline, enabling flexibility and avoiding hard-coded branch names.', 'duration': 110.517, 'highlights': ['By using the predefined variable ci commit ref name in GitLab CI, we can dynamically determine the branch or tag name for which the project is built, providing flexibility and avoiding hard-coded branch names.', 'The need for dynamic branch validation is emphasized to avoid hard-coding branch names, ensuring flexibility and adaptability in the pipeline configuration.', 'Using echo for debugging purposes is recommended to inspect the values of variables used in the pipeline, aiding in familiarizing with their functionality.']}, {'end': 11468.795, 'start': 11070.231, 'title': 'Dynamic branch handling and post-deployment testing', 'summary': "Discusses dynamically handling branches using variables in ci/cd pipelines to ensure the correct job execution, followed by adding a post-deployment stage with a production test job using a curl command to test the deployed website's functionality.", 'duration': 398.564, 'highlights': ["The usage of variables like 'CI default branch' allows for dynamic handling of branches in CI/CD pipelines, ensuring that the correct code gets executed based on the default branch. The introduction of 'CI default branch' variable enables dynamic handling of branches, providing flexibility for potential future branch changes.", "The addition of a post-deployment stage with a 'production tests' job using a curl command to test the deployed website's functionality is proposed, aiming to automate the testing process. The proposal to add a post-deployment stage with a 'production tests' job using a curl command demonstrates the intent to automate the testing process after deployment for ensuring website functionality.", 'The removal of the deploy job from the pipeline and the subsequent addition of a post-deployment stage reflect the evolution of the CI/CD pipeline to incorporate essential testing steps. The evolution of the CI/CD pipeline, involving the removal of the deploy job and addition of a post-deployment stage, signifies the incorporation of crucial testing steps in the pipeline.']}, {'end': 11979.729, 'start': 11468.795, 'title': 'Ci/cd pipeline and staging environment', 'summary': 'Discusses the setup of a ci/cd pipeline for main branch deployment to aws s3, including the addition of a staging environment for pre-production testing, and the distinction between continuous deployment and continuous delivery.', 'duration': 510.934, 'highlights': ['The main pipeline deploys to AWS S3 with build and test stages, demonstrating continuous integration, and the added production test stage for continuous deployment. The main pipeline deploys to AWS S3 with build and test stages, ensuring continuous integration, and includes a production test stage for continuous deployment.', 'Explanation of staging environment as a non-public, pre-production environment for testing deployment before production, with the aim to keep it similar to the production environment. Staging environment is described as a non-public, pre-production environment for testing deployment before production, with the goal of maintaining similarity to the production environment.', 'Differentiation between continuous deployment and continuous delivery, where continuous deployment involves automatic deployment to production, while continuous delivery requires a manual promotion from pre-production to production. Continuous deployment involves automatic deployment to production, while continuous delivery requires a manual promotion from pre-production to production.']}, {'end': 12432.983, 'start': 11979.729, 'title': 'Pipeline environment management', 'summary': "Highlights the process of adding a staging deployment stage, defining environments, and using gitlab's environment functionality to manage staging and production environments, thus ensuring a clearer and more efficient pipeline.", 'duration': 453.254, 'highlights': ['The process of adding a staging deployment stage and defining environments is discussed, aiming to ensure a clearer and more efficient pipeline. N/A', "The usage of GitLab's environment functionality to manage staging and production environments is explained, emphasizing the benefits of clearer environment management. N/A", 'The significance of environment management for non-technical users and the ease of accessing environment information are highlighted as beneficial features. N/A']}, {'end': 12671.632, 'start': 12434.275, 'title': 'Optimizing ci/cd pipeline for environments', 'summary': 'Explains the process of scoping and protecting variables in a ci/cd pipeline, optimizing the pipeline by removing unnecessary stages, and utilizing environment-specific variables and scopes, resulting in a more efficient and effective pipeline, as seen with the successful deployment of staging.', 'duration': 237.357, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the process of scoping and protecting variables in a CI/CD pipeline, optimizing the pipeline by removing unnecessary stages, and utilizing environment-specific variables and scopes. Process of scoping and protecting variables, optimizing pipeline by removing unnecessary stages, utilizing environment-specific variables and scopes', 'Successfully deploying staging environment after optimizing the CI/CD pipeline. Successful deployment of staging environment']}, {'end': 13186.643, 'start': 12672.995, 'title': 'Pipeline configuration and deployment tracking', 'summary': 'Details the debugging and resolution of a deployment issue, the simplification of job configurations, and the proposal to implement a version tracking system, resulting in successful deployment to staging and production environments, and a streamlined pipeline configuration.', 'duration': 513.648, 'highlights': ["Successful deployment to staging and production environments after resolving deployment issue and updating job configurations. After associating the production job with the correct environment and adding the 'environment production' variable, the pipeline successfully deployed to staging and production, tracking the deployments in the respective environments.", 'Simplification of job configurations by reusing job configurations and extending them as needed. By reusing job configurations and extending them as needed, the deployment part of the pipeline was simplified, ensuring that changes and potential mistakes are caught before production deployment.', 'Proposal to implement a version tracking system by adding a version.html file with a dynamic build number. The proposed idea involves adding a version.html file with a dynamic build number to track the deployed version in staging and production environments, ensuring that the deployed content is not outdated and providing instructions on how to implement it.']}], 'duration': 2226.929, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U10959714.jpg', 'highlights': ["The proposal to add a post-deployment stage with a 'production tests' job using a curl command demonstrates the intent to automate the testing process after deployment for ensuring website functionality.", 'The evolution of the CI/CD pipeline, involving the removal of the deploy job and addition of a post-deployment stage, signifies the incorporation of crucial testing steps in the pipeline.', 'The main pipeline deploys to AWS S3 with build and test stages, ensuring continuous integration, and includes a production test stage for continuous deployment.', 'Staging environment is described as a non-public, pre-production environment for testing deployment before production, with the goal of maintaining similarity to the production environment.', 'Continuous deployment involves automatic deployment to production, while continuous delivery requires a manual promotion from pre-production to production.', 'Process of scoping and protecting variables, optimizing pipeline by removing unnecessary stages, utilizing environment-specific variables and scopes', 'Successful deployment of staging environment', "After associating the production job with the correct environment and adding the 'environment production' variable, the pipeline successfully deployed to staging and production, tracking the deployments in the respective environments.", 'By reusing job configurations and extending them as needed, the deployment part of the pipeline was simplified, ensuring that changes and potential mistakes are caught before production deployment.']}, {'end': 14507.004, 'segs': [{'end': 13367.727, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13339.402, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 13342.203, 'text': "I'm going to go to staging, click on edit.", 'start': 13339.402, 'duration': 2.801}, {'end': 13346.504, 'text': "And noticing here, I don't have a forward slash, so that's already good.", 'start': 13343.224, 'duration': 3.28}, {'end': 13352.126, 'text': 'And I presume that the production environment is also similar, but just to check.', 'start': 13346.865, 'duration': 5.261}, {'end': 13355.999, 'text': "Edit I don't have a forward slash.", 'start': 13353.757, 'duration': 2.242}, {'end': 13360.041, 'text': "Okay So inside our configuration, I'm going to add here a forward slash.", 'start': 13356.119, 'duration': 3.922}, {'end': 13362.583, 'text': "I'm going to write here version.", 'start': 13361.282, 'duration': 1.301}, {'end': 13367.727, 'text': "And what are we looking for? Well, we're looking for the application version.", 'start': 13363.904, 'duration': 3.823}], 'summary': 'Testing staging environment for forward slash, adding version in configuration.', 'duration': 28.325, 'max_score': 13339.402, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U13339402.jpg'}, {'end': 13409.491, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13387.161, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 13397.566, 'text': "I want to go inside this build website and I'm going to take a look here at the artifacts to see if this artifact contains this version.html file.", 'start': 13387.161, 'duration': 10.405}, {'end': 13401.107, 'text': "So I'm able to see it here, version.html.", 'start': 13398.446, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 13404.209, 'text': 'It has a size that is not zero.', 'start': 13401.828, 'duration': 2.381}, {'end': 13405.069, 'text': "That's a good thing.", 'start': 13404.269, 'duration': 0.8}, {'end': 13409.491, 'text': 'And we can also download all the artifacts or just look at a single file.', 'start': 13405.789, 'duration': 3.702}], 'summary': 'Inspecting website artifacts, finding version.html with non-zero size', 'duration': 22.33, 'max_score': 13387.161, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U13387161.jpg'}, {'end': 13786.088, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13756.545, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 13762.146, 'text': 'store it in the GitLab Container Registry and deploy to a service on AWS called Elastic Beanstalk.', 'start': 13756.545, 'duration': 5.601}, {'end': 13765.067, 'text': "So if you're eager to learn more, let's jump right into it.", 'start': 13762.386, 'duration': 2.681}, {'end': 13776.45, 'text': 'When we use a cloud provider like AWS, we can rent virtual machines that have a dedicated CPU, memory and disk storage.', 'start': 13767.468, 'duration': 8.982}, {'end': 13781.151, 'text': 'And we can use any operating system we desire.', 'start': 13778.43, 'duration': 2.721}, {'end': 13786.088, 'text': 'But this also means that we are in charge of managing that machine.', 'start': 13782.466, 'duration': 3.622}], 'summary': 'Deploy application to aws elastic beanstalk from gitlab container registry.', 'duration': 29.543, 'max_score': 13756.545, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U13756545.jpg'}, {'end': 14005.27, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 13970.792, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 13972.433, 'text': "So we're not going to upload any code.", 'start': 13970.792, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 13977.497, 'text': "We're going to let Elastic Beanstalk create this instance, this application.", 'start': 13972.553, 'duration': 4.944}, {'end': 13981.561, 'text': "And after that, we're going to add our own application on top of that.", 'start': 13978.118, 'duration': 3.443}, {'end': 13984.443, 'text': "So I'm going to click here on create application.", 'start': 13982.682, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 13988.887, 'text': 'And it will typically take a few minutes to get this to run.', 'start': 13986.085, 'duration': 2.802}, {'end': 13993.604, 'text': 'And in the end, you should see something that looks like this.', 'start': 13991.363, 'duration': 2.241}, {'end': 14005.27, 'text': 'So what has happened here? Well, we have created an application and we have initialized a sample application that Elastic Beanstalk provides.', 'start': 13994.945, 'duration': 10.325}], 'summary': 'Elastic beanstalk creates instance, adds application, takes few minutes to run.', 'duration': 34.478, 'max_score': 13970.792, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U13970792.jpg'}, {'end': 14240.364, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 14055.165, 'weight': 0.721, 'content': [{'end': 14061.168, 'text': "So it's just an idea, tells you that everything is working properly, that we have nothing to worry about.", 'start': 14055.165, 'duration': 6.003}, {'end': 14064.57, 'text': 'This entire setup has worked without any issues.', 'start': 14061.448, 'duration': 3.122}, {'end': 14070.027, 'text': 'Now the question is what has actually happened in the background?', 'start': 14066.206, 'duration': 3.821}, {'end': 14077.409, 'text': "In order to understand that, we're going to go here to the services and going to take a look at EC.", 'start': 14070.047, 'duration': 7.362}, {'end': 14079.709, 'text': "I'm going to write here EC.", 'start': 14077.429, 'duration': 2.28}, {'end': 14086.151, 'text': "And that is EC2, the service that we're actually interested in.", 'start': 14081.51, 'duration': 4.641}, {'end': 14089.292, 'text': 'This stands for Elastic Compute.', 'start': 14086.171, 'duration': 3.121}, {'end': 14098.33, 'text': "These are essentially virtual servers that we can create here, but we haven't actually created one.", 'start': 14090.287, 'duration': 8.043}, {'end': 14103.473, 'text': "But if you're looking here at instances, you'll see that we have one running instance.", 'start': 14099.071, 'duration': 4.402}, {'end': 14109.855, 'text': 'And this instance is called mywebsite-env.', 'start': 14105.753, 'duration': 4.102}, {'end': 14112.836, 'text': 'We see here which kind of an instance this is.', 'start': 14110.936, 'duration': 1.9}, {'end': 14118.679, 'text': "This is a virtual server that's running here, and this is the server that's actually running our application.", 'start': 14113.557, 'duration': 5.122}, {'end': 14128.378, 'text': "Additionally, if you're going here to S3, we'll be able to see that we now have an additional bucket.", 'start': 14119.915, 'duration': 8.463}, {'end': 14137.081, 'text': 'So we still have our buckets that we have used for hosting the website, but now Elastic Beanstalk has also created a bucket.', 'start': 14129.218, 'duration': 7.863}, {'end': 14145.182, 'text': 'So actually what Elastic Beanstalk has done has created this required infrastructure in order to run the application.', 'start': 14138.479, 'duration': 6.703}, {'end': 14150.844, 'text': "We didn't have to worry about creating that, but this is why it took a few minutes to create this entire thing.", 'start': 14145.402, 'duration': 5.442}, {'end': 14156.207, 'text': "Now let's go ahead and try to understand how we can deploy something on your own.", 'start': 14152.405, 'duration': 3.802}, {'end': 14159.048, 'text': 'Like how can we get our own application to work?', 'start': 14156.227, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 14169.794, 'text': "And because we're using Docker, we need to provide a manifest file, essentially a file that describes the application that we're trying to deploy.", 'start': 14160.008, 'duration': 9.786}, {'end': 14173.318, 'text': "So I'm here inside the project again.", 'start': 14171.857, 'duration': 1.461}, {'end': 14181.246, 'text': 'And if you go into the templates, you will find here a file called docker1.aws.public.json.', 'start': 14174.759, 'duration': 6.487}, {'end': 14188.938, 'text': "And this is the manifest file that I'm talking about.", 'start': 14186.377, 'duration': 2.561}, {'end': 14194.3, 'text': 'It essentially tells AWS which container we want to run.', 'start': 14189.658, 'duration': 4.642}, {'end': 14200.382, 'text': 'Because we have selected a Docker platform, we can only run Docker containers there.', 'start': 14194.74, 'duration': 5.642}, {'end': 14203.603, 'text': 'And this is a public container.', 'start': 14201.342, 'duration': 2.261}, {'end': 14207.384, 'text': 'The name of the image is Nginx, which is a web server.', 'start': 14204.383, 'duration': 3.001}, {'end': 14216.26, 'text': 'But what we want to try here is to actually use this configuration, to use this file and to deploy this application to AWS,', 'start': 14208.496, 'duration': 7.764}, {'end': 14219.361, 'text': 'to make sure that this deployment process is working.', 'start': 14216.26, 'duration': 3.101}, {'end': 14224.464, 'text': "And this is, again, something that we'll do manually at this point just to make sure that everything works properly.", 'start': 14219.902, 'duration': 4.562}, {'end': 14227.385, 'text': 'So go ahead and download this file.', 'start': 14225.284, 'duration': 2.101}, {'end': 14232.948, 'text': "And after that, let's go back to AWS and open up Elastic Beanstalk.", 'start': 14228.266, 'duration': 4.682}, {'end': 14240.364, 'text': 'here inside the environment, we have the opportunity to upload a new version of the application.', 'start': 14235.581, 'duration': 4.783}], 'summary': 'Elastic compute (ec2) running one instance, additional s3 bucket created by elastic beanstalk, deployment process tested manually.', 'duration': 185.199, 'max_score': 14055.165, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U14055165.jpg'}, {'end': 14339.078, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14314.096, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 14324.966, 'text': 'So this is the welcome page from the NGINX server which we have deployed by having this JSON file which describes which container we want to use with Elastic Beanstalk.', 'start': 14314.096, 'duration': 10.87}, {'end': 14330.47, 'text': 'So in order to actually deploy our website, we need to create a Docker image.', 'start': 14326.047, 'duration': 4.423}, {'end': 14333.513, 'text': 'We need to provide this JSON file.', 'start': 14330.951, 'duration': 2.562}, {'end': 14336.195, 'text': 'And of course, we also want to automate everything.', 'start': 14334.174, 'duration': 2.021}, {'end': 14339.078, 'text': 'So this is what we are going to do in the upcoming lectures.', 'start': 14336.556, 'duration': 2.522}], 'summary': 'Nginx server deployed with json file for elastic beanstalk, creating docker image, automation planned.', 'duration': 24.982, 'max_score': 14314.096, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U14314096.jpg'}], 'start': 13186.643, 'title': 'Deploying application versions and continuous delivery pipeline', 'summary': 'Covers creating and deploying application versions, testing availability, continuous delivery pipeline setup, manual intervention, dockerizing a website, deploying to aws using elastic beanstalk, and deploying applications to aws with manifest files.', 'chapters': [{'end': 13431.755, 'start': 13186.643, 'title': 'Creating and deploying application version', 'summary': 'Discusses creating a version.html file containing the application version, testing its availability in staging and production environments using curl commands, and ensuring the file is included in the build artifacts, while also checking for its presence and size.', 'duration': 245.112, 'highlights': ['Creating a version.html file with the application version using echo and redirecting it to the build folder The process involves using echo to print the application version and redirecting it to the version.html file in the build folder, ensuring its dynamic availability.', 'Testing the availability of the application version in staging and production environments using curl commands A new curl command is created to check the availability of the application version in the staging and production environments, ensuring its presence and accessibility.', 'Verifying the presence and size of the version.html file in the build artifacts After the build is completed, the presence and size of the version.html file in the build artifacts are verified, ensuring its inclusion and non-zero size.']}, {'end': 13732.681, 'start': 13432.645, 'title': 'Understanding continuous delivery pipeline', 'summary': 'Explains the setup of a continuous delivery pipeline, including continuous integration and continuous deployment, as well as the manual intervention required for deploying changes to production.', 'duration': 300.036, 'highlights': ['Setting up a manual intervention for deploying to production By adding a manual condition to the deploy to production job, the pipeline now requires manual intervention before deploying changes to the production environment.', 'Difference between continuous delivery and continuous deployment The continuous delivery pipeline involves deploying to staging and requiring manual intervention before deploying to production, while continuous deployment automatically deploys every commit to the production environment.', 'Importance of manual intervention in some organizations In some organizations, manual intervention for deploying to production is mandatory, especially in legacy systems where advanced checks are necessary before deployment.']}, {'end': 14150.844, 'start': 13732.881, 'title': 'Using docker and elastic beanstalk in aws', 'summary': 'Explains how to dockerize a website and deploy it to aws using elastic beanstalk, emphasizing the simplicity and flexibility of running applications in docker containers on the aws cloud.', 'duration': 417.963, 'highlights': ['Elastic Beanstalk allows for easy deployment of Docker containers on AWS, reducing complexity and providing flexibility in running different types of applications. Elastic Beanstalk simplifies the deployment process by allowing the use of Docker containers, offering flexibility in running various types of applications on AWS.', 'The chapter emphasizes the ease of running applications in Docker containers on the AWS cloud, highlighting the reduced complexity and management overhead compared to traditional virtual machines. The chapter underscores the simplicity and reduced management overhead in running applications in Docker containers on the AWS cloud, as opposed to traditional virtual machines.', 'Elastic Beanstalk creates the necessary infrastructure, including virtual servers and S3 buckets, for running the application, thereby reducing the need for manual setup and management. Elastic Beanstalk automatically sets up the required infrastructure, such as virtual servers and S3 buckets, for running the application, minimizing the need for manual setup and management.']}, {'end': 14507.004, 'start': 14152.405, 'title': 'Deploying docker application to aws with manifest file', 'summary': 'Discusses the deployment process of an application to aws using a manifest file, involving the upload of a json file and creating a docker image with specific instructions.', 'duration': 354.599, 'highlights': ["The deployment process involves uploading a JSON file to Elastic Beanstalk and ensuring the health status is 'OK' to confirm proper deployment. The deployment process to AWS involves uploading a JSON file to Elastic Beanstalk, where the health status needs to be 'OK' to confirm successful deployment.", "Creating a Docker image with specific instructions involves starting with a base image, such as Nginx, and adding files to the web server using the 'copy' command. Creating a Docker image with specific instructions involves starting with a base image like Nginx and using the 'copy' command to add files to the web server.", "The specific tag 'Alpine' is recommended for the Nginx image to provide a small Docker image size. Using the specific tag 'Alpine' for the Nginx image is recommended to provide a small Docker image size."]}], 'duration': 1320.361, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U13186643.jpg', 'highlights': ['Elastic Beanstalk simplifies the deployment process by allowing the use of Docker containers, offering flexibility in running various types of applications on AWS.', 'The chapter underscores the simplicity and reduced management overhead in running applications in Docker containers on the AWS cloud, as opposed to traditional virtual machines.', "The deployment process to AWS involves uploading a JSON file to Elastic Beanstalk, where the health status needs to be 'OK' to confirm successful deployment.", 'Setting up a manual intervention for deploying to production by adding a manual condition to the deploy to production job, the pipeline now requires manual intervention before deploying changes to the production environment.', 'A new curl command is created to check the availability of the application version in the staging and production environments, ensuring its presence and accessibility.', 'In some organizations, manual intervention for deploying to production is mandatory, especially in legacy systems where advanced checks are necessary before deployment.']}, {'end': 15694.239, 'segs': [{'end': 14565.394, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14535.305, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 14540.436, 'text': "Just because we have created this Dockerfile doesn't mean that something will automatically happen.", 'start': 14535.305, 'duration': 5.131}, {'end': 14543.302, 'text': 'We still need to make some changes to our pipeline.', 'start': 14540.817, 'duration': 2.485}, {'end': 14553.09, 'text': "And because we're already making changes and because we want to deploy to Elastic Beanstalk, we don't really need this S3 deployment anymore.", 'start': 14544.528, 'duration': 8.562}, {'end': 14557.212, 'text': "So I'm going to remove essentially all the jobs that are related to S3.", 'start': 14553.391, 'duration': 3.821}, {'end': 14565.394, 'text': 'This includes deploy to production, deploy to staging, this deploy job, which is just a template, and also test website.', 'start': 14557.392, 'duration': 8.002}], 'summary': 'Removing s3 deployment jobs for elastic beanstalk deployment.', 'duration': 30.089, 'max_score': 14535.305, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U14535305.jpg'}, {'end': 14776.864, 'src': 'heatmap', 'start': 14583.782, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 14586.763, 'text': "And we're going to associate this stage with a new job.", 'start': 14583.782, 'duration': 2.981}, {'end': 14588.844, 'text': "I'm going to call it build Docker image.", 'start': 14586.783, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 14592.286, 'text': 'And now the stage will be package.', 'start': 14589.444, 'duration': 2.842}, {'end': 14598.329, 'text': "So how do we build the Docker image? Well, it's relatively simple.", 'start': 14595.087, 'duration': 3.242}, {'end': 14600.75, 'text': 'The command is docker build.', 'start': 14598.669, 'duration': 2.081}, {'end': 14606.336, 'text': "I'm going to also add a dot here because that's going to make a reference to the current folder.", 'start': 14601.772, 'duration': 4.564}, {'end': 14610.72, 'text': 'The current folder contains the Docker file that we have created.', 'start': 14606.937, 'duration': 3.783}, {'end': 14616.786, 'text': "In order to be able to run this Docker command, we also have to define the image that we'll use.", 'start': 14612.001, 'duration': 4.785}, {'end': 14619.548, 'text': 'And the image will be Docker.', 'start': 14617.927, 'duration': 1.621}, {'end': 14622.651, 'text': 'Just using this Docker image will not work.', 'start': 14620.329, 'duration': 2.322}, {'end': 14623.972, 'text': "We're going to get an error.", 'start': 14622.691, 'duration': 1.281}, {'end': 14630.116, 'text': 'The reason for that is the Docker architecture is composed of a client and a server.', 'start': 14624.793, 'duration': 5.323}, {'end': 14631.937, 'text': 'Essentially what we have here?', 'start': 14630.676, 'duration': 1.261}, {'end': 14641.141, 'text': 'Docker. this is the client, and the client sends some instructions to a server, actually to the Docker daemon, which is the one who builds the job.', 'start': 14631.937, 'duration': 9.204}, {'end': 14649.886, 'text': 'And in order to get access to a daemon inside GitLab CI, we need to use a concept, and that concept is of services.', 'start': 14642.082, 'duration': 7.804}, {'end': 14652.087, 'text': "I'm going to define here a tag, services.", 'start': 14649.906, 'duration': 2.181}, {'end': 14655.876, 'text': 'And this contains a list of services that we can start.', 'start': 14653.055, 'duration': 2.821}, {'end': 14660.738, 'text': "And what we're starting here is actually service called Docker in Docker.", 'start': 14656.716, 'duration': 4.022}, {'end': 14665.22, 'text': 'So when I see me using here, this Docker in Docker tag.', 'start': 14661.478, 'duration': 3.742}, {'end': 14676.472, 'text': 'So this service is another Docker image that can build Docker images gonna be accessible for us over a network and Docker here,', 'start': 14667.23, 'duration': 9.242}, {'end': 14682.233, 'text': 'which is the Docker client, will be able to talk with the Docker daemon which is here inside this service.', 'start': 14676.472, 'duration': 5.761}, {'end': 14687.475, 'text': 'I know that now, in the beginning, this may seem a bit confusing,', 'start': 14683.034, 'duration': 4.441}, {'end': 14692.476, 'text': 'but this is like the minimum what we need in order to be able to build Docker images from GitLab.', 'start': 14687.475, 'duration': 5.001}, {'end': 14696.157, 'text': 'what i also like to do is to set some tags.', 'start': 14693.496, 'duration': 2.661}, {'end': 14702.318, 'text': "so i'm gonna go ahead and write a fixed tag for docker and for docker in docker.", 'start': 14696.157, 'duration': 6.161}, {'end': 14705.498, 'text': "so i'm here at docker hub and this is the docker image.", 'start': 14702.318, 'duration': 3.18}, {'end': 14709.819, 'text': "you will find the link in the course notes, because this is something that's not so easy to find.", 'start': 14705.498, 'duration': 4.321}, {'end': 14718.1, 'text': "actually, not so many people are actually looking for docker and i'm going to use this version here.", 'start': 14709.819, 'duration': 8.281}, {'end': 14724.448, 'text': "i'm going to go ahead and copy it And I'm going to add it here to my job image.", 'start': 14718.1, 'duration': 6.348}, {'end': 14728.012, 'text': "And additionally, there's another tag with Docker in Docker.", 'start': 14725.189, 'duration': 2.823}, {'end': 14731.696, 'text': "And this is the tag that I'm going to use for the Docker daemon.", 'start': 14728.512, 'duration': 3.184}, {'end': 14734.499, 'text': "I'm going to remove here dent.", 'start': 14731.716, 'duration': 2.783}, {'end': 14738.883, 'text': 'And this will be the Docker in Docker image.', 'start': 14735.72, 'duration': 3.163}, {'end': 14741.586, 'text': "You'll see both of them have the same version.", 'start': 14738.963, 'duration': 2.623}, {'end': 14748.869, 'text': "Additionally, when we're building images, we also like to specify tags, like label.", 'start': 14743.288, 'duration': 5.581}, {'end': 14755.111, 'text': 'This will help us identify the images that we create, because we can create multiple images, of course.', 'start': 14749.29, 'duration': 5.821}, {'end': 14761.073, 'text': 'In order to tag images, we first have to specify an image name and also the tag.', 'start': 14756.191, 'duration': 4.882}, {'end': 14762.233, 'text': 'So we can use here "-t".', 'start': 14761.473, 'duration': 0.76}, {'end': 14765.634, 'text': "We're going to keep here this dot at the end, that's very important.", 'start': 14762.293, 'duration': 3.341}, {'end': 14767.137, 'text': "Don't forget that.", 'start': 14766.536, 'duration': 0.601}, {'end': 14772.741, 'text': "And what we'll use here is this is the list of environment variables.", 'start': 14768.057, 'duration': 4.684}, {'end': 14776.864, 'text': 'And one of these environment variables is this CI registry image.', 'start': 14773.001, 'duration': 3.863}], 'summary': 'The transcript covers building docker images and setting tags for the images.', 'duration': 193.082, 'max_score': 14583.782, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U14583782.jpg'}, {'end': 14978.126, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 14939.92, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 14944.241, 'text': 'They both point to the same image, but they are different tags.', 'start': 14939.92, 'duration': 4.321}, {'end': 14948.923, 'text': 'And you will better see it here with this command that is listing images.', 'start': 14944.621, 'duration': 4.302}, {'end': 14951.784, 'text': 'So this is here essentially the name of the image.', 'start': 14949.443, 'duration': 2.341}, {'end': 14957.706, 'text': "We'll see here the tag and you will see that internally the image ID is the same.", 'start': 14952.944, 'duration': 4.762}, {'end': 14959.867, 'text': 'So we have the same image, but with two different tags.', 'start': 14957.746, 'duration': 2.121}, {'end': 14965.429, 'text': 'So now we have successfully managed to build and tag our image.', 'start': 14960.607, 'duration': 4.822}, {'end': 14978.126, 'text': 'As you might have guessed, the Docker image that we have just built has been lost as soon as the job finished.', 'start': 14970.939, 'duration': 7.187}], 'summary': 'Explaining the concept of same image with different tags in docker.', 'duration': 38.206, 'max_score': 14939.92, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U14939920.jpg'}, {'end': 15441.484, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15414.485, 'weight': 5, 'content': [{'end': 15421.488, 'text': "Essentially, the way we're testing this Docker image is not much different than the way we have tested, for example,", 'start': 15414.485, 'duration': 7.003}, {'end': 15423.99, 'text': 'a deployment or any other things in the past.', 'start': 15421.488, 'duration': 2.502}, {'end': 15427.371, 'text': 'We can still use curl to do that.', 'start': 15424.63, 'duration': 2.741}, {'end': 15429.432, 'text': "So, for example, I'm going to write here curl.", 'start': 15427.671, 'duration': 1.761}, {'end': 15432.854, 'text': 'We need here an address, http://.', 'start': 15431.133, 'duration': 1.721}, {'end': 15441.484, 'text': "we don't know the address, but then again we can use grep to search, for example,", 'start': 15435.862, 'duration': 5.622}], 'summary': 'Testing docker image is similar to past tests. can use curl and grep for testing.', 'duration': 26.999, 'max_score': 15414.485, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U15414485.jpg'}, {'end': 15561.338, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 15498.634, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 15501.857, 'text': "So I'm going to write here services.", 'start': 15498.634, 'duration': 3.223}, {'end': 15508.802, 'text': "And this thing that we'll do is in this list, we're going to define the name.", 'start': 15505.099, 'duration': 3.703}, {'end': 15511.974, 'text': 'This will be the name of the image.', 'start': 15510.373, 'duration': 1.601}, {'end': 15517.236, 'text': 'And the name of the image is, of course, dollar sign CI registry image.', 'start': 15512.414, 'duration': 4.822}, {'end': 15523.278, 'text': 'And the tag will be the app version.', 'start': 15520.077, 'duration': 3.201}, {'end': 15525.619, 'text': "We don't want to use the latest tag.", 'start': 15523.918, 'duration': 1.701}, {'end': 15530.581, 'text': 'We want to go exactly like what is the current tag that we want to see.', 'start': 15525.639, 'duration': 4.942}, {'end': 15533.582, 'text': 'So this will help us start the image.', 'start': 15531.941, 'duration': 1.641}, {'end': 15538.665, 'text': 'And additionally, what we can do is to specify an alias.', 'start': 15535.043, 'duration': 3.622}, {'end': 15546.489, 'text': 'An alias allows us to give a friendly name so that we know where this service is available over the network.', 'start': 15539.065, 'duration': 7.424}, {'end': 15549.591, 'text': "So I'm just going to give the alias of website.", 'start': 15547.39, 'duration': 2.201}, {'end': 15557.296, 'text': "And here in HTTP, the address that I'm going to use is simply website.", 'start': 15550.932, 'duration': 6.364}, {'end': 15561.338, 'text': 'So HTTP column forward slash forward slash website.', 'start': 15558.136, 'duration': 3.202}], 'summary': 'Defining service names, image names, tags, and aliases for network accessibility.', 'duration': 62.704, 'max_score': 15498.634, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U15498634.jpg'}], 'start': 14507.464, 'title': 'Docker image lifecycle', 'summary': 'Covers building and tagging docker images, preserving images in a private registry, and testing images, including creating multiple tags, securing credentials, and preparing for deployment to aws. it also outlines modifying the gitlab ci pipeline, defining services, and using curl for testing. the process ensures successful image preservation and deployment readiness.', 'chapters': [{'end': 14965.429, 'start': 14507.464, 'title': 'Building and tagging docker image', 'summary': 'Outlines the process of building and tagging a docker image using gitlab ci, including instructions for modifying the pipeline and defining services, and highlights the successful creation of multiple tags for the docker image.', 'duration': 457.965, 'highlights': ['The chapter outlines the process of building and tagging a Docker image using GitLab CI, including instructions for modifying the pipeline and defining services.', "The successful creation of multiple tags for the Docker image, such as the 'latest' tag and the 'app version' tag, is highlighted, providing a clear demonstration of the tagging process.", "The significance of defining services, particularly the 'Docker in Docker' service, to enable the Docker client to communicate with the Docker daemon within GitLab CI is emphasized, ensuring the successful building of the Docker image.", "The process of building the Docker image is described, including the use of the 'docker build' command and the creation of layers within the image, culminating in the successful creation and tagging of the Docker image."]}, {'end': 15285.551, 'start': 14970.939, 'title': 'Docker image preservation', 'summary': "Covers the process of preserving a docker image by pushing it to a private registry, such as gitlab's container registry, and securing the login credentials with variables and standard input, ensuring password protection.", 'duration': 314.612, 'highlights': ["The process of pushing a Docker image to a private registry, such as GitLab's container registry, is essential for preserving it, as the image is not automatically added to the registry upon creation. ", 'Utilizing variables like CI registry, CI registry user, and CI registry password for storing temporary user and password details ensures secure login credentials for pushing the Docker image. ', 'Enhancing password security by using standard input and echoing the password without exposing it in the logs, ensuring a more secure approach for password handling during the Docker login process. ']}, {'end': 15694.239, 'start': 15286.613, 'title': 'Docker registry and image testing', 'summary': 'Describes the successful build and push of docker images to the registry, testing the docker image using curl, and preparing for deployment to aws by generating a json file and uploading it to s3.', 'duration': 407.626, 'highlights': ['Successfully built and pushed Docker images to the registry, with tags 46 and latest, demonstrating the relatively small size of the images using Alpine as a base. The Docker image build job was successful, pushing tags 46 and latest to the registry, showcasing the small image size due to the use of Alpine as the base image.', 'Testing of the Docker image using curl to confirm the functionality of the HTTP server and the presence of the expected files, such as version.html. Testing the Docker image using curl to confirm the functionality of the HTTP server and the presence of the expected files, such as version.html, containing the application version.', 'Preparation for deployment to AWS by generating a JSON file, uploading it to S3, and re-enabling the deploy stage and the deploy to production job. Preparation for deployment to AWS by generating a JSON file, uploading it to S3, and re-enabling the deploy stage and the deploy to production job for deployment to Elastic Beanstalk.']}], 'duration': 1186.775, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U14507464.jpg', 'highlights': ["The successful creation of multiple tags for the Docker image, such as the 'latest' tag and the 'app version' tag, is highlighted, providing a clear demonstration of the tagging process.", "The process of building the Docker image is described, including the use of the 'docker build' command and the creation of layers within the image, culminating in the successful creation and tagging of the Docker image.", 'Utilizing variables like CI registry, CI registry user, and CI registry password for storing temporary user and password details ensures secure login credentials for pushing the Docker image.', 'Enhancing password security by using standard input and echoing the password without exposing it in the logs, ensuring a more secure approach for password handling during the Docker login process.', 'Successfully built and pushed Docker images to the registry, with tags 46 and latest, demonstrating the relatively small size of the images using Alpine as a base.', 'Testing of the Docker image using curl to confirm the functionality of the HTTP server and the presence of the expected files, such as version.html.', 'Preparation for deployment to AWS by generating a JSON file, uploading it to S3, and re-enabling the deploy stage and the deploy to production job.']}, {'end': 17796.537, 'segs': [{'end': 16556.025, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16526.145, 'weight': 1, 'content': [{'end': 16530.088, 'text': 'On Elastic Beanstalk, we have the application, but there can be multiple environments.', 'start': 16526.145, 'duration': 3.943}, {'end': 16532.25, 'text': 'In our case, we have a single environment.', 'start': 16530.468, 'duration': 1.782}, {'end': 16539.734, 'text': "But theoretically, it's possible to take one version to create it once and to take it through different environments.", 'start': 16532.83, 'duration': 6.904}, {'end': 16542.655, 'text': 'But in this case, we only have one environment.', 'start': 16540.195, 'duration': 2.46}, {'end': 16546.098, 'text': 'So maybe this is why it may look a bit weird in the beginning.', 'start': 16543.197, 'duration': 2.901}, {'end': 16549.041, 'text': 'But these are the steps that are required in order to get this to run.', 'start': 16546.458, 'duration': 2.583}, {'end': 16556.025, 'text': 'Now, just saying create application version and update environment is not actually sufficient in order to get this to run.', 'start': 16550.001, 'duration': 6.024}], 'summary': 'Elastic beanstalk allows for multiple environments, but in this case, only one is used. steps needed to run application version and update environment are explained.', 'duration': 29.88, 'max_score': 16526.145, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U16526145.jpg'}, {'end': 16851.999, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 16822.767, 'weight': 2, 'content': [{'end': 16824.908, 'text': 'So we have done two steps in one step.', 'start': 16822.767, 'duration': 2.141}, {'end': 16827.69, 'text': "Here, we're doing it in two separate steps.", 'start': 16825.729, 'duration': 1.961}, {'end': 16833.215, 'text': 'So the next part is, after creating this version, is to update the environment.', 'start': 16828.851, 'duration': 4.364}, {'end': 16836.597, 'text': 'So we have here the application name, we have here the version.', 'start': 16834.055, 'duration': 2.542}, {'end': 16839.199, 'text': 'For which application are we deploying this?', 'start': 16837.618, 'duration': 1.581}, {'end': 16840.881, 'text': 'Which version are we deploying?', 'start': 16839.7, 'duration': 1.181}, {'end': 16845.004, 'text': 'The next step would be to also specify which environment are we updating?', 'start': 16841.621, 'duration': 3.383}, {'end': 16847.266, 'text': "I'm going to write here environment-name.", 'start': 16845.024, 'duration': 2.242}, {'end': 16851.999, 'text': 'And we also need another variable for the environment.', 'start': 16848.737, 'duration': 3.262}], 'summary': 'Two-step process: creating version, updating environment.', 'duration': 29.232, 'max_score': 16822.767, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U16822767.jpg'}, {'end': 17136.388, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 17108.135, 'weight': 3, 'content': [{'end': 17112.237, 'text': "And the next thing, what we're getting is the update environment.", 'start': 17108.135, 'duration': 4.102}, {'end': 17115.819, 'text': 'So that work without any issues is going to tell us again what is the environment name?', 'start': 17112.257, 'duration': 3.562}, {'end': 17122.002, 'text': 'So we can take a look at that application name, the version and also some technical details about this.', 'start': 17117.06, 'duration': 4.942}, {'end': 17130.827, 'text': 'So we can take a look back into the AWS console and look here into the Elastic Beanstalk service.', 'start': 17123.983, 'duration': 6.844}, {'end': 17136.388, 'text': "see what's going on and we'll be able to see here running versions is 60.", 'start': 17132.245, 'duration': 4.143}], 'summary': 'The update environment is running version 60 in the aws elastic beanstalk service.', 'duration': 28.253, 'max_score': 17108.135, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U17108135.jpg'}, {'end': 17679.517, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 17646.077, 'weight': 4, 'content': [{'end': 17648.138, 'text': 'Essentially be part of this review process.', 'start': 17646.077, 'duration': 2.061}, {'end': 17651.14, 'text': 'Try to understand how to collaborate on this project.', 'start': 17648.599, 'duration': 2.541}, {'end': 17655.258, 'text': 'and, of course, once your merge request gets reviewed,', 'start': 17652.216, 'duration': 3.042}, {'end': 17663.344, 'text': 'it will be merged into the main branch and then you will be able to see your name appearing on a web page.', 'start': 17655.258, 'duration': 8.086}, {'end': 17669.049, 'text': "so i think that's kind of a nice and an interactive way of essentially concluding this course.", 'start': 17663.344, 'duration': 5.705}, {'end': 17673.132, 'text': 'almost, and so yeah, i hope you will do this along.', 'start': 17669.049, 'duration': 4.083}, {'end': 17679.517, 'text': 'in terms of editing, let me give you an advice once there are a few people that have been added to this list here.', 'start': 17673.132, 'duration': 6.385}], 'summary': 'Collaborate on project, merge request reviewed, name appears on web page, interactive conclusion to course.', 'duration': 33.44, 'max_score': 17646.077, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U17646077.jpg'}, {'end': 17796.537, 'src': 'embed', 'start': 17779.8, 'weight': 0, 'content': [{'end': 17787.228, 'text': "If you enjoyed my teaching style and you want to take a more advanced GitLab course, go to vdespa.com and check out the courses that I'm offering.", 'start': 17779.8, 'duration': 7.428}, {'end': 17792.092, 'text': 'If you are unsure which course is right for you, just send me a message on social media.', 'start': 17787.868, 'duration': 4.224}, {'end': 17793.334, 'text': "I'm more than happy to help.", 'start': 17792.252, 'duration': 1.082}, {'end': 17796.537, 'text': 'I hope you enjoy spending time with me and I will see you next time.', 'start': 17793.914, 'duration': 2.623}], 'summary': 'Promotion of advanced gitlab course at vdespa.com, offering assistance via social media.', 'duration': 16.737, 'max_score': 17779.8, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U17779800.jpg'}], 'start': 15695.64, 'title': 'Aws docker deployment and configuration', 'summary': 'Covers using aws cli for docker image deployment, configuring aws s3 bucket and gitlab deploy token, deploying a docker application to production using aws elastic beanstalk, and configuring elastic beanstalk deployment, resulting in successful deployment of version 61 to the environment.', 'chapters': [{'end': 15966.146, 'start': 15695.64, 'title': 'Using aws cli for docker image deployment', 'summary': 'Explains the process of using aws cli as a docker image for deployment, including setting up the necessary files, performing environment variable substitution, and installing the required utility, gettext, to enable environment substitution, ensuring a smooth deployment process.', 'duration': 270.506, 'highlights': ['The chapter explains the process of using AWS CLI as a Docker image for deployment, including setting up the necessary files, performing environment variable substitution, and installing the required utility, gettext, to enable environment substitution, ensuring a smooth deployment process.', 'The dockerrun.aws.json file is essential for AWS Elastic Beanstalk deployment, containing information about the image and tag, along with the requirement for an authentication file due to the private registry, emphasizing the importance of these files for successful deployment.', 'The need for uploading the docker run file and the auth file to S3 is emphasized, showcasing the critical files required for deployment and linking the auth file to the json file, streamlining the deployment process.', "The explanation of environment variable substitution using the 'env' command and the process of replacing variables in files, ensuring the correct path and proper execution of the script, highlighting the importance of environment variable substitution for successful deployment.", "The installation of gettext utility and the package manager, along with the instruction to automatically answer 'yes' to any installer questions, to facilitate environment substitution and ensure a seamless installation process, emphasizing the importance of installing the required dependencies for successful deployment."]}, {'end': 16391.341, 'start': 15966.806, 'title': 'Configuring aws s3 bucket and gitlab deploy token', 'summary': "Discusses configuring an aws s3 bucket for file uploading, using elastic beanstalk's existing s3 bucket, creating a gitlab deploy token for aws credentials, and troubleshooting an issue with a missing authentication information in the pipeline.", 'duration': 424.535, 'highlights': ['Creating a GitLab deploy token for AWS credentials The user explains the process of creating a GitLab deploy token for AWS credentials, specifying the username as AWS, granting read repository and read registry permissions, and storing the token in an environment variable for later use.', "Configuring an AWS S3 bucket for file uploading The user discusses the process of configuring an AWS S3 bucket for file uploading, considering the use of Elastic Beanstalk's existing S3 bucket, and the decision to use a non-public bucket for security reasons.", 'Troubleshooting an issue with missing authentication information in the pipeline The user troubleshoots an issue with missing authentication information in the pipeline, checking for correct variable usage and examining the executed commands for any errors.']}, {'end': 16717.682, 'start': 16392.42, 'title': 'Deploy to production process', 'summary': 'Describes the process of deploying a docker application to production using aws elastic beanstalk, including creating an application version and updating the environment, emphasizing the importance of reading logs and using variables for specifying application name and version label.', 'duration': 325.262, 'highlights': ["The deployment process includes creating an application version and updating the environment The deployment process involves creating an application version using the 'create application version' command and then updating the environment using the 'update environment' command, which is necessary to inform Elastic Beanstalk which environment to update.", "Importance of reading logs and understanding the content Emphasizes the importance of reading logs to understand the content and identify any errors or mistakes, as demonstrated by the example of using the incorrect command 'td' instead of 'tr' for translation.", 'Usage of variables to specify application name and version label Discusses the use of variables to specify the application name and version label, highlighting the need to use quotes when the variable contains spaces to ensure it is recognized as a single entity.']}, {'end': 17053.005, 'start': 16718.702, 'title': 'Configuring elastic beanstalk deployment', 'summary': 'Explains the process of configuring and updating elastic beanstalk application, including specifying s3 source bundle, creating application version, and updating environment variables. it also addresses troubleshooting deployment failure and modifying user permissions.', 'duration': 334.303, 'highlights': ['The process involves specifying the S3 source bundle, including the S3 bucket and object name, to enable Elastic Beanstalk to read and deploy the file, with attention to correct parameter formatting and configuration values.', 'The next step after creating the application version is to update the environment, specifying the application name, version, and environment variables, with emphasis on maintaining consistent parameter formatting and avoiding unnecessary spaces and quotes.', "The chapter delves into troubleshooting deployment failure, highlighting the need to investigate logs and user permissions, particularly focusing on adding the necessary AWS Elastic Beanstalk policy to the user's IAM settings to rectify authorization issues.", 'The importance of carefully managing user permissions and policies, especially in production environments, is underscored, with a caution against using overly generous policies and the necessity of being mindful of user privileges.']}, {'end': 17796.537, 'start': 17053.565, 'title': 'Deploying to elastic beanstalk', 'summary': 'Demonstrates the process of deploying to elastic beanstalk, including retrying a job, executing commands, testing the deployment, and finalizing the pipeline, resulting in successful deployment of version 61 to the environment.', 'duration': 742.972, 'highlights': ['The deployment of version 61 to the environment is successful Version 61 has been deployed, confirming that the desired version has landed on the environment.', "Using the 'wait' tool to ensure environment is updated before running the next command Utilizing the 'wait' tool in AWS CLI to check with AWS for environment update, ensuring the correct version is deployed and environment is working properly.", "Manually testing the successful deployment of the job to Elastic Beanstalk Manually testing the deployment to Elastic Beanstalk to ensure it works well, confirming the deployment's success."]}], 'duration': 2100.897, 'thumbnail': 'https://coursnap.oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com/video-capture/PGyhBwLyK2U/pics/PGyhBwLyK2U15695640.jpg', 'highlights': ['The deployment of version 61 to the environment is successful', 'The dockerrun.aws.json file is essential for AWS Elastic Beanstalk deployment, containing information about the image and tag, along with the requirement for an authentication file due to the private registry, emphasizing the importance of these files for successful deployment', 'The need for uploading the docker run file and the auth file to S3 is emphasized, showcasing the critical files required for deployment and linking the auth file to the json file, streamlining the deployment process', 'The process involves specifying the S3 source bundle, including the S3 bucket and object name, to enable Elastic Beanstalk to read and deploy the file, with attention to correct parameter formatting and configuration values', "The deployment process includes creating an application version and updating the environment The deployment process involves creating an application version using the 'create application version' command and then updating the environment using the 'update environment' command, which is necessary to inform Elastic Beanstalk which environment to update"]}], 'highlights': ['The course emphasizes learning DevOps concepts through practical assignments, enhancing the understanding of DevOps principles.', 'The creation of a .gitlab-ci.yaml file is outlined, emphasizing the importance of the correct filename and basic content to define the pipelines in GitLab CI.', 'Using Docker in the execution process is emphasized, with a specific focus on ensuring that the execution process is utilizing Docker effectively for software production.', 'The use of Docker containers to execute jobs in GitLab pipelines, ensuring isolation and flexibility, and the automatic destruction of containers after job execution.', 'The concept of artifacts in GitLab is crucial for saving job outputs, ensuring that only the final output of a job is preserved, as demonstrated by the successful execution of the pipeline jobs.', 'Reduced image size from 332MB to 38MB, resulting in faster job execution and reduced dependency downloads.', 'Continuous integration involves integrating code changes continuously to avoid integration issues and automating steps like installing dependencies and building the projects.', 'Using small images in pipelines can significantly reduce build time, as demonstrated by a potential reduction from 1 minute 26 seconds to below 1 minute.', 'AWS provides a pay-as-you-go model for cloud infrastructure, benefiting users with cost-efficient computation and data storage.', 'IAM user creation, S3 full access policy assignment', "The proposal to add a post-deployment stage with a 'production tests' job using a curl command demonstrates the intent to automate the testing process after deployment for ensuring website functionality.", 'Elastic Beanstalk simplifies the deployment process by allowing the use of Docker containers, offering flexibility in running various types of applications on AWS.', "The successful creation of multiple tags for the Docker image, such as the 'latest' tag and the 'app version' tag, is highlighted, providing a clear demonstration of the tagging process.", 'The deployment of version 61 to the environment is successful']}